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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Photosensitizers combination approach to enhance photodynamic inactivation of planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2433-2444. [PMID: 37490212 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve bacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI), this work analyzes the photodynamic effect caused by the combination of photosensitizers (PSs) on two bacterial models and different growth mode. Simultaneous administration of PSs from different families, zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis[4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine (ZnPPc4+), 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammonium phenyl)porphyrin (TMAP4+), meso-tetrakis(9-ethyl-9-methyl-3-carbazoyl)chlorin (TEMCC4+) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl] chlorin (TAPC) was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in planktonic form, biofilm and growth curve. Various PSs combinations showed greater inactivation compared to when used separately under the same conditions but at twice the concentration. However, differences were found in the effectiveness of the PSs combinations on Gram positive and negative bacteria, as well as in planktonic or biofilm form. Likewise, the combination of three PSs completely stopped E. coli growth under optimal nutritional conditions. PSs combination allows extending the range of light absorption by agents that absorb in different areas of the visible spectrum. Therefore, PDI with combined PSs increases its antimicrobial capacity using agents' concentrations and light fluences lower than those necessary to cause the same effect as single PS. These advances represent a starting point for future research on the potentiation of PDI promoted by the combined use of PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Hussein HA, Khaphi FL. The Apoptotic Activity of Curcumin Against Oral Cancer Cells Without Affecting Normal Cells in Comparison to Paclitaxel Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5019-5033. [PMID: 37032374 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Until now, chemotherapy, which has a series of side effects, has been the most widely employed treatment for different types of cancer. However, bioactive products have been utilized as alternative medicines for tumors due to their bioactivities with low or no side effects in normal cells. This research reported for the first time that curcumin (CUR) and paclitaxel (PTX) have significant anti-cancer activity against normal human gingival fibroblast (HGF) and tongue squamous cell carcinoma fibroblast (TSCCF) cell lines. The results showed that CUR (13.85 µg mL-1) and PTX (8.17 µg mL-1) significantly inhibited TSCCF cell viability, with no significant effect on normal HGF cells. SEM showed morphological changes in cells treated with CUR and PTX, especially with TSCCF cells, compared to HGF normal cells. For TSCCF, the results showed the highest necrosis was achieved with CUR (58.8%) and PTX (39%) as compared to the control (2.99%). For normal HGF cells, the highest early and late apoptosis was achieved with PTX. Further, DCFH-DA analyses showed no significant ROS stimulation in TSCCF and HGF cell lines treated with CUR and PTX. The 1H NMR analysis results show the presence of methoxy and hydroxyl groups and aromatic hydrogens in the CUR structure. In conclusion, the results confirmed that CUR is more specific to the oral cancer cells but not normal cells by inducing apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with decreased TSCCF cell viability, and the cytotoxicity of CUR and PTX is not through the ROS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Ali Hussein
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah 61004, Basic Science Branch, Al-Bara'iyah Street, Al-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah city, 61001, Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Fatin L Khaphi
- College of Dentistry, University of Basrah 61004, Basic Science Branch, Al-Bara'iyah Street, Al-Sadir Teaching Hospital, Basrah city, 61001, Basrah, Iraq
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Mušković M, Pokrajac R, Malatesti N. Combination of Two Photosensitisers in Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040613. [PMID: 37111370 PMCID: PMC10143496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a special form of phototherapy in which oxygen is needed, in addition to light and a drug called a photosensitiser (PS), to create cytotoxic species that can destroy cancer cells and various pathogens. PDT is often used in combination with other antitumor and antimicrobial therapies to sensitise cells to other agents, minimise the risk of resistance and improve overall outcomes. Furthermore, the aim of combining two photosensitising agents in PDT is to overcome the shortcomings of the monotherapeutic approach and the limitations of individual agents, as well as to achieve synergistic or additive effects, which allows the administration of PSs in lower concentrations, consequently reducing dark toxicity and preventing skin photosensitivity. The most common strategies in anticancer PDT use two PSs to combine the targeting of different organelles and cell-death mechanisms and, in addition to cancer cells, simultaneously target tumour vasculature and induce immune responses. The use of PDT with upconversion nanoparticles is a promising approach to the treatment of deep tissues and the goal of using two PSs is to improve drug loading and singlet oxygen production. In antimicrobial PDT, two PSs are often combined to generate various reactive oxygen species through both Type I and Type II processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rafaela Pokrajac
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Insight into the Crosstalk between Photodynamic Therapy and Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051532. [PMID: 36900322 PMCID: PMC10000400 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the world's second most frequent malignancy and the leading cause of mortality among women. All in situ or invasive breast cancer derives from terminal tubulobular units; when the tumor is present only in the ducts or lobules in situ, it is called ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)/lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). The biggest risk factors are age, mutations in breast cancer genes 1 or 2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2), and dense breast tissue. Current treatments are associated with various side effects, recurrence, and poor quality of life. The critical role of the immune system in breast cancer progression/regression should always be considered. Several immunotherapy techniques for BC have been studied, including tumor-targeted antibodies (bispecific antibodies), adoptive T cell therapy, vaccinations, and immune checkpoint inhibition with anti-PD-1 antibodies. In the last decade, significant breakthroughs have been made in breast cancer immunotherapy. This advancement was principally prompted by cancer cells' escape of immune regulation and the tumor's subsequent resistance to traditional therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown potential as a cancer treatment. It is less intrusive, more focused, and less damaging to normal cells and tissues. It entails the employment of a photosensitizer (PS) and a specific wavelength of light to create reactive oxygen species. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that PDT combined with immunotherapy improves the effect of tumor drugs and reduces tumor immune escape, improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Therefore, we objectively evaluate strategies for their limitations and benefits, which are critical to improving outcomes for breast cancer patients. In conclusion, we offer many avenues for further study on tailored immunotherapy, such as oxygen-enhanced PDT and nanoparticles.
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Yegorov YE, Vishnyakova KS, Pan X, Egorov AE, Popov KV, Tevonyan LL, Chashchina GV, Kaluzhny DN. Mechanisms of Phototoxic Effects of Cationic Porphyrins on Human Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031090. [PMID: 36770766 PMCID: PMC9921399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxic effects of four cationic porphyrins on various human cells were studied in vitro. It was found that, under dark conditions, porphyrins are almost nontoxic, while, under the action of light, the toxic effect was observed starting from nanomolar concentrations. At a concentration of 100 nM, porphyrins caused inhibition of metabolism in the MTT test in normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, low concentrations of porphyrins inhibited colony formation. The toxic effect was nonlinear; with increasing concentrations of various porphyrins, up to about 1 μM, the effect reached a plateau. In addition to the MTT test, this was repeated in experiments examining cell permeability to trypan blue, as well as survival after 24 h. The first visible manifestation of the toxic action of porphyrins is blebbing and swelling of cells. Against the background of this process, permeability to porphyrins and trypan blue appears. Subsequently, most cells (even mitotic cells) freeze in this swollen state for a long time (24 and even 48 h), remaining attached. Cellular morphology is mostly preserved. Thus, it is clear that the cells undergo mainly necrotic death. The hypothesis proposed is that the concentration dependence of membrane damage indicates a limited number of porphyrin targets on the membrane. These targets may be any ion channels, which should be considered in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E. Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Y.E.Y.); (D.N.K.)
| | - Khava S. Vishnyakova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anton E. Egorov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Science, 4 Kosygin Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Popov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I.Kulakov, 4 Oparina Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liana L. Tevonyan
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 141701 Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Galina V. Chashchina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry N. Kaluzhny
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (Y.E.Y.); (D.N.K.)
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Lara-Pardo A, Mancuso A, Simón-Fuente S, Bonaccorsi PM, Gangemi CMA, Moliné MÁ, Puntoriero F, Ribagorda M, Barattucci A, Sanz-Rodriguez F. Amino-OPE glycosides and blue light: a powerful synergy in photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:386-396. [PMID: 36524706 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01742c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis and biological properties of sugar-conjugated oligophenylene ethynylene (OPE) dyes, used as novel photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic treatment (PDT) under blue light. The OPE-bearing glycosides at both ends are successfully prepared by a Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The live-cell imaging studies have shown that these OPE glycosides (including glucose, mannose and maltose derivatives) efficiently penetrate the cytoplasm of cultured HeLa cancer cells. No dark toxicity was observed, but upon irradiating the cells under blue light an extraordinary photodynamic effect was observed at low concentrations (10-6-10-8 M). The localization studies indicate that OPE-glucose 1 and OPE-mannose 2 have Golgi patterns, whereas OPE-maltose 3 could be in lysosomes. The PDT and morphological studies in HeLa cells treated with sublethal doses of PS 1-3 revealed that cell death occurs by necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lara-Pardo
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aurora Mancuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Silvia Simón-Fuente
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paola M Bonaccorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Chiara M A Gangemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - María Ángeles Moliné
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Ribagorda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Barattucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), Università degli Studi di Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Francisco Sanz-Rodriguez
- Nanomaterials for Bioimaging Group (NanoBIG), Departamento de Biología. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Carigga Gutierrez NM, Pujol-Solé N, Arifi Q, Coll JL, le Clainche T, Broekgaarden M. Increasing cancer permeability by photodynamic priming: from microenvironment to mechanotransduction signaling. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:899-934. [PMID: 36155874 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The dense cancer microenvironment is a significant barrier that limits the penetration of anticancer agents, thereby restraining the efficacy of molecular and nanoscale cancer therapeutics. Developing new strategies to enhance the permeability of cancer tissues is of major interest to overcome treatment resistance. Nonetheless, early strategies based on small molecule inhibitors or matrix-degrading enzymes have led to disappointing clinical outcomes by causing increased chemotherapy toxicity and promoting disease progression. In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a novel approach to increase the permeability of cancer tissues. By producing excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species selectively in the cancer microenvironment, PDT increases the accumulation, penetration depth, and efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Importantly, the increased cancer permeability has not been associated to increased metastasis formation. In this review, we provide novel insights into the mechanisms by which this effect, called photodynamic priming, can increase cancer permeability without promoting cell migration and dissemination. This review demonstrates that PDT oxidizes and degrades extracellular matrix proteins, reduces the capacity of cancer cells to adhere to the altered matrix, and interferes with mechanotransduction pathways that promote cancer cell migration and differentiation. Significant knowledge gaps are identified regarding the involvement of critical signaling pathways, and to which extent these events are influenced by the complicated PDT dosimetry. Addressing these knowledge gaps will be vital to further develop PDT as an adjuvant approach to improve cancer permeability, demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this priming approach, and render more cancer patients eligible to receive life-extending treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Núria Pujol-Solé
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Qendresa Arifi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Coll
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Tristan le Clainche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Mans Broekgaarden
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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Li S, Wang D, Cheng J, Sun J, Kalvakolanu DV, Zhao X, Wang D, You Y, Zhang L, Yu D. A photodynamically sensitized dendritic cell vaccine that promotes the anti-tumor effects of anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody in a murine model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2022; 20:505. [PMID: 36329529 PMCID: PMC9635135 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors are promising tools in combating several cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, a substantial portion of HNSCC patients do not respond to PD-L1 antibody. Here we describe a photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) approach to enhance anti-tumor effects of the anti-PD-L1 antibody. METHODS Phototoxicity of PDT was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry analyses. Phenotypic and functional maturation of immature DCs (imDCs) induced by PDT were measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. A mouse model was established using the HNSCC line, SCC7, and was used to evaluate therapeutic effects of PDT-DC vaccine in facilitating anti-tumor immunity of PD-L1 antibody. RESULTS Immunogenic cell death (ICD) of SCC7 cells was induced by PDT with 0.5 µM of m-THPC and the 5 J/cm2 of light dose. ICD of SCC7 cells stimulated imDCs maturation. In vivo assays suggested that PDT-DC vaccine and anti-PD-L1 mAb synergistically induced anti-tumor immunity and suppressed tumor progression. CONCLUSION PDT-DC vaccine enhances therapeutic effects of PD-L1 antibody, which might provide a novel approach for HNSCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jinzhang Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.,Greenebaum NCI Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhan You
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, 130012, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China.
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, 130041, Changchun, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Mazur A, Koziorowska K, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Vitamin D and Vitamin D3 Supplementation during Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183805. [PMID: 36145180 PMCID: PMC9502525 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an unconventional yet increasingly common method of treating dermatological diseases and cancer that is implemented more often in adults than in children. Current clinical uses include treatment of actinic keratosis, superficial basal cell carcinomas, and acne. Despite its high efficiency, photodynamic therapy support supplements have recently been reported in the literature, including calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), the active form of vitamin D, and vitamin D3 cholecalciferol. In clinical trials, photodynamic therapy enhanced with vitamin D or D3 supplementation has been reported for treatment of squamous cell skin cancers, actinic keratosis, and psoriasis. Experimental research on the effect of photodynamic therapy with vitamin D or D3 has also been carried out in breast cancer cell lines and in animal models. The aim of this review is to evaluate the usefulness and effectiveness of vitamin D and D3 as supports for photodynamic therapy. For this purpose, the Pubmed and Scopus literature databases were searched. The search keyword was: “vitamin D in photodynamic therapy”. In the analyzed articles (1979–2022), the authors found experimental evidence of a positive effect of vitamin D and D3 when used in conjunction with photodynamic therapy. An average of 6–30% (in one case, up to 10 times) increased response to photodynamic therapy was reported in combination with vitamin D and D3 as compared to photodynamic therapy alone. Implementing vitamin D and D3 as a supplement to photodynamic therapy is promising and may lead to further clinical trials and new clinical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mazur
- Students Biochemistry Science Club URCell, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Koziorowska
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Kessel D, Obaid G, Rizvi I. Critical PDT theory II: Current concepts and indications. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102923. [PMID: 35605924 PMCID: PMC9458629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
While photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective for the eradication of select neoplasia and certain other pathologic conditions, it has yet to achieve wide acceptance in clinical medicine. A variety of factors contribute to this situation including relations with the pharmaceutical industry that have often been problematic. Some current studies relating to photodynamic effects are 'phenomenological', i.e., they describe phenomena that only reiterate what is already known. The net result has been a tendency of granting agencies to become disillusioned with support for PDT research. This report is intended to provide some thoughts on current research efforts that improve clinical relevance and those that do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit MI 48201, USA.
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill NC 27695 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27693, USA
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12
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Valančiūtė A, Mathieson L, O’Connor RA, Scott JI, Vendrell M, Dorward DA, Akram AR, Dhaliwal K. Phototherapeutic Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death and CD8+ T Cell-Granzyme B Mediated Cytolysis in Human Lung Cancer Cells and Organoids. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4119. [PMID: 36077656 PMCID: PMC9454585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmenting T cell mediated tumor killing via immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) is the cornerstone of emerging immunotherapeutic approaches. We investigated the potential of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) to induce ICD in human lung cancer. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell lines and primary human lung cancer organoids were evaluated in co-culture killing assays with MB-PDT and light emitting diodes (LEDs). ICD was characterised using immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Phototherapy with MB treatment and low energy LEDs decreased the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines inducing early necrosis associated with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 and increased expression of ICD markers, calreticulin (CRT), intercellular cell-adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) in NSCLC cells. MB-PDT also potentiated CD8+ T cell-mediated cytolysis of lung cancer via granzyme B in lung cancer cells and primary human lung cancer organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asta Valančiūtė
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Layla Mathieson
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Richard A. O’Connor
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jamie I. Scott
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - David A. Dorward
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Ahsan R. Akram
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kevin Dhaliwal
- Translational Healthcare Technologies Group, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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13
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Chen C, Wu C, Yu J, Zhu X, Wu Y, Liu J, Zhang Y. Photodynamic-based combinatorial cancer therapy strategies: Tuning the properties of nanoplatform according to oncotherapy needs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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14
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Mazur A, Koziorowska K, Dynarowicz K, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D. Photodynamic Therapy for Treatment of Disease in Children—A Review of the Literature. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9050695. [PMID: 35626872 PMCID: PMC9140108 DOI: 10.3390/children9050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a mode of treatment whereby local irradiation of an administered photosensitizer with light of a specific wavelength generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Despite the upward trend in the popularity of this method in adults, it is not yet commonly used in the treatment of children. Due to certain limitations, underdeveloped treatment regimens and potential side effects, the use of photodynamic therapy in the pediatric population is still in the initial phases of evaluation in clinical trials. Method: This study is a review of articles in English from the databases PubMed and Web of Science retrieved by applying the search term “photodynamic therapy in children” from 2000–2020. Results: Based on the literature review, we analyze selected pediatric clinical cases in which photodynamic therapy was used for treatment in children. Examples of photodynamic therapy for treatment of dermatological diseases, diseases of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, halitosis, eye diseases and brain tumors are described. The paper describes the effectiveness of anti-cancer photodynamic therapy, including its use in antibacterial therapy. Conclusions: The results of the analysis suggest the potential of photodynamic therapy for the treatment of various diseases in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mazur
- Students Biochemistry Science Club URCell, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Koziorowska
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of the University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Photodynamic Therapy-Adjunctive Therapy in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051113. [PMID: 35626269 PMCID: PMC9139878 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in the number of advanced-stage prostate cancer cases with poor prognosis has led to a search for innovative methods of treatment. In response to the need for implementation of new and innovative methods of cancer tissue therapy, we studied photodynamic action in excised prostate tissue in vitro as a model for photodynamic therapy. To ascertain the effects of photodynamic action in prostate tissue, Rose Bengal (0.01 to 0.05 mM) was used as a photosensitizer in the presence of oxygen and light to generate singlet oxygen in tissues in vitro. Five preset concentrations of Rose Bengal were chosen and injected into prostate tissue samples (60 samples with 12 replications for each RB concentration) that were subsequently exposed to 532 nm light. The effects of irradiation of the Rose Bengal infused tissue samples were determined by histopathological analysis. Histopathological examination of prostate samples subjected to photodynamic action revealed numerous changes in the morphology of the neoplastic cells and the surrounding tissues. We conclude that the morphological changes observed in the prostate cancer tissues were a result of the photogeneration of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. The tissue damage observed post photodynamic action offers an incentive for continued in vitro investigations and future in vivo clinical trials.
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16
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Kessel D. Photodynamic Therapy: Critical PDT Theory. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:199-203. [PMID: 35290667 DOI: 10.1111/php.13616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy can be useful for eradication of malignant cells at sites that are accessible to light delivery. There are few adverse effects, with many clinical reports indicating that PDT has curative potential. Patients with minimal disease, where success is more likely, are also sought by those promoting other protocols. New photosensitizing agents that initiate light-catalyzed reactions continue to be discovered. Reports describing advances in understanding fundamental aspects of photobiology are always of interest. But implications for treatment of neoplasia and other diseases are not always justified, especially when poorly-penetrating wavelengths of light are employed, often at very high light doses. Efficacy is sometimes estimated by protocols that may not accurately measure photokilling. Many reports claiming potential clinical relevance for in vitro observations are based on a limited understanding of the determinants of clinical efficacy. The future of photodynamic therapy depends on an appreciation of what can be accomplished, especially when used with other modalities, but will also depend on the goals and interests of granting agencies, pharmaceutical groups and clinical personnel. This commentary is intended to provide some thoughts on current research efforts, especially where clinical implications are suggested, hinted at or otherwise implied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
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17
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Roy D, Jenkins B, Ali A, Herschmann JR, Harris M, Zamadar M, Simington L, Odunuga O, Adhikari P, Pradhan P, Sarkar S, Pattabiram M, Sengupta B. Multi-component redox system for selective and potent antineoplastic activity towards ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:38-43. [PMID: 35026603 PMCID: PMC8959003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological cancer which rarely causes symptoms, and goes undetected until reaching the advanced stage of drug-resistant metastases. The cationic porphyrin meso-tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) is a well-known photosensitizer (PS) used in photodyamic therapy (PDT) for curing cancer due to its strong affinity for DNA and high yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation. The practicality to irradiate tumor cells alone in the physiological system being slim (due to the close proximity of healthy cells and tumors), we looked for a variation in the PDT using a mixture of TMPyP with 1,5-dihydroxynapthalene (DHN) and Fe(III) ions at a mole ratio of 1:20:17 (drug combo) respectively in aqueous solution. The drug combo needs no photoactivation in H2O2 rich environment (mimicking the microenvironment of cancer/tumor), where it generates ȮH and juglone, the latter being a known potent anticancer agent. In vitro studies of the drug combo in drug resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer cell lines showed drastic growth inhibition and cell death compared to normal epithelial cells. The drug combo provides an effective and non-invasive alternative to conventional PDT, exploiting the cytosolic carcinogenic H2O2 to produce an efficient anticancer treatment. The unique action of cancer-specific cytotoxicity arises from the redox chemistry involving activation of Fe(III) as the oxidizing agent to generate juglone, which utilizes the cytosolic ROS in cancer cells against itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarshi Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA.
| | - Brenita Jenkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS, USA
| | - Aqeeb Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Jacob R. Herschmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Michele Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Matibur Zamadar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.
| | - Laken Simington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Odutayo Odunuga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA
| | - Prakash Adhikari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Sanjay Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mahesh Pattabiram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, NE, USA
| | - Bidisha Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX, USA.
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18
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Broekgaarden M. Application of Monolayer Cell Cultures for Investigating Basic Mechanisms of Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:3-20. [PMID: 35505006 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional monolayer cell cultures continue to be an inexpensive and highly accessible model of human disease that can be easily harnessed to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms of photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this communication, a collection of informative assays for conventional cell cultures are provided to determine (1) the photosensitizer uptake kinetics and localization, (2) the efficacy of PDT using metabolism- or protein-based quantification methods, (3) the effects of PDT and combination treatments on the cell cycle, (4) the cell death pathways induced by PDT, and (5) the extent of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization of PDT and photochemotherapy combinations. For each type of assay, examples from the recent literature are provided in which novel photosensitizers, their nanocarriers, and various PDT-based combination therapies are investigated. Together, these assays are examples of approaches by which monolayer cell cultures can be used as a simple yet robust and versatile model to investigate PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mans Broekgaarden
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Université de Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.
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19
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Tasso TT, Baptista MS. Photosensitized Oxidation of Intracellular Targets: Understanding the Mechanisms to Improve the Efficiency of Photodynamic Therapy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:261-283. [PMID: 35505023 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of improved photosensitizers is a key aspect in the establishment of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a reliable treatment modality. In this chapter, we discuss how molecular design can lead to photosensitizers with higher selectivity and better efficiency, with focus on the importance of specific intracellular targeting in determining the cell death mechanism and, consequently, the PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Teixeira Tasso
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Lim DJ. Methylene Blue-Based Nano and Microparticles: Fabrication and Applications in Photodynamic Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3955. [PMID: 34833254 PMCID: PMC8618133 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) has been used in the textile industry since it was first extracted by the German chemist Heinrich Caro. Its pharmacological properties have also been applied toward the treatment of certain diseases such as methemoglobinemia, ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy, and thyroid conditions requiring surgery. Recently, the utilization of MB as a safe photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received attention. Recent findings demonstrate that photoactivated MB exhibits not only anticancer activity but also antibacterial activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, due to the hydrophilic nature of MB, it is difficult to create MB-embedded nano- or microparticles capable of increasing the clinical efficacy of the PDT. This review aims to summarize fabrication techniques for MB-embedded nano and microparticles and to provide both in vitro and in vivo examples of MB-mediated PDT, thereby offering a future perspective on improving this promising clinical treatment modality. We also address examples of MB-mediated PDT in both cancer and infection treatments. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies are summarized here to document recent trends in utilizing MB as an effective photosensitizer in PDT. Lastly, we discuss how developing efficient MB-carrying nano- and microparticle platforms would be able to increase the benefits of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0012, USA
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21
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Valashedi MR, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Nikoo A, Bamshad C, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roushandeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Cashing in on ferroptosis against tumor cells: Usher in the next chapter. Life Sci 2021; 285:119958. [PMID: 34534562 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) driven by unrestricted lethal lipid peroxidation, which is totally distinct from other forms of RCD in genetic and biochemical characteristics. It is generally believed that iron dependency, malfunction of the redox system, and excessive lipid peroxidation are the main hallmarks of ferroptosis. Accumulating pieces of evidence over the past few years have shown that ferroptosis is tightly related to various types of diseases, especially cancers. Ferroptosis has recently attracted great attention in the field of cancer research. A plethora of evidence shows that employing ferroptosis as a powerful weapon can remarkably enhance the efficacy of tumor cell annihilation. Better knowledge of the ferroptosis mechanisms and their interplay with cancer biology would enable us to use this fashionable tool in the best way. Herein, we will briefly present the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis, the multifaceted relation between ferroptosis and cancer, encompassing tumor immunity, overcoming chemoresistance, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the end, we will also briefly discuss the potential approaches to ferroptosis-based cancer therapy, such as using drugs and small molecules, nanoparticles, mitochondrial targeting, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirsadegh Nikoo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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22
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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23
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Indrawati R, Zubaidah E, Sutrisno A, Limantara L, Brotosudarmo THP. Remnant photosynthetic pigments in tea dregs: identification, composition, and potential use as antibacterial photosensitizer. POTRAVINARSTVO 2021. [DOI: 10.5219/1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of tea dregs is continually increasing along with the growth of people's interest in ready-to-drink beverages. However, the recent development of research on the use of tea dregs is still very limited. The present study was aimed to identify the remnant photosynthetic pigments in tea dregs, determine their composition, and evaluate their potential use as natural antibacterial agents based on light-induced reaction (photosensitization). The tea dregs from six commercial teas, consisting of green and black teas, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a photodiode array detector, and the spectroscopic data were analyzed from 350 to 700 nm. Pigment identification was performed based on spectral characteristics, and pigment composition in the extracts from the dregs was determined by a three-dimensional multi-chromatogram analysis method. The dominant pigment fractions in both tea types were pheophytin a and its isomers, as well as pheophytin b. Although the dregs of black teas generally contain fewer remnant pigments, they possess residual chlorophyll b, which is not found in the dregs of green teas. In thirty-minutes illumination under 50 W red light-emitting diode, the presence of pigments from tea dregs caused up to 0.87 and 0.35 log reduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The disparity of pigments composition among tea types does not strongly influence their photosensitization activity against both bacteria. Hence, upon further application, the amount of total remnant pigments in the dregs could be taken as substantial consideration instead of tea types.
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24
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Gamelas SRD, Moura NMM, Habraken Y, Piette J, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF. Tetracationic porphyrin derivatives against human breast cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 222:112258. [PMID: 34399205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved therapeutic approach and an alternative to conventional chemotherapy for the treatment of several types of cancer with the advantages of reducing the side effects and developing resistance mechanisms. Here, was evaluated the photosensitization capabilities of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(pyridinium-1-yl-methyl)phenyl]porphyrin (3), its N-confused isomer (4) and of the neutral precursors (1) and (2) and the results were compared with the ones obtained with the cationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP). Both regular porphyrin derivatives 1 and 3 showed higher efficiency to generate singlet oxygen than TMPyP. The PDT assays towards MCF-7 cells under red light irradiation (λ > 640 nm, 23.7 mW cm-2) demonstrated that the cationic porphyrin 3 is an efficient photosensitizer to kill MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The study of the cell death mechanisms induced by the photodynamic process showed that the studied porphyrin 3 and TMPyP caused cell death by autophagic flux and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Yvette Habraken
- Laboratory of Gene Expression and Cancer, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jacques Piette
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, GIGA B34, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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25
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Li X, Wu Y, Zhang R, Bai W, Ye T, Wang S. Oxygen-Based Nanocarriers to Modulate Tumor Hypoxia for Ameliorated Anti-Tumor Therapy: Fabrications, Properties, and Future Directions. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:683519. [PMID: 34277702 PMCID: PMC8281198 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.683519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past five years, oxygen-based nanocarriers (NCs) to boost anti-tumor therapy attracted tremendous attention from basic research and clinical practice. Indeed, tumor hypoxia, caused by elevated proliferative activity and dysfunctional vasculature, is directly responsible for the less effectiveness or ineffective of many conventional therapeutic modalities. Undeniably, oxygen-generating NCs and oxygen-carrying NCs can increase oxygen concentration in the hypoxic area of tumors and have also been shown to have the ability to decrease the expression of drug efflux pumps (e.g., P-gp); to increase uptake by tumor cells; to facilitate the generation of cytotoxic reactive oxide species (ROS); and to evoke systematic anti-tumor immune responses. However, there are still many challenges and limitations that need to be further improved. In this review, we first discussed the mechanisms of tumor hypoxia and how it severely restricts the therapeutic efficacy of clinical treatments. Then an up-to-date account of recent progress in the fabrications of oxygen-generating NCs and oxygen-carrying NCs are systematically introduced. The improved physicochemical and surface properties of hypoxia alleviating NCs for increasing the targeting ability to hypoxic cells are also elaborated with special attention to the latest nano-technologies. Finally, the future directions of these NCs, especially towards clinical translation, are proposed. Therefore, we expect to provide some valued enlightenments and proposals in engineering more effective oxygen-based NCs in this promising field in this comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Indrawati R, Zubaidah E, Sutrisno A, Limantara L, Yusuf MM, Brotosudarmo THP. Visible Light-Induced Antibacterial Activity of Pigments Extracted from Dregs of Green and Black Teas. SCIENTIFICA 2021; 2021:5524468. [PMID: 34234972 PMCID: PMC8216794 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5524468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll and its derivatives are potential natural sensitizers frequently applied in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chlorophyll derivatives are formed naturally during tea processing, but they do not contribute to the color of tea infusions and thus are presumably left in the tea dregs. The present study aimed to investigate (i) the chlorophyll remnants in the pigments recovered from dregs of green and black teas and (ii) the antibacterial activity of pigments extracted from the tea dregs upon illumination using a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source. Pigment analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed the presence of main degradation products of chlorophylls, such as pheophytin and its epimers, pyropheophytin, and pheophorbides. In vitro assays demonstrated significant reductions in the number of viable bacteria in the presence of the pigments after 30 min of incubation with LED light irradiation. The descending order of bacterial susceptibility was Listeria monocytogenes > Staphylococcus aureus > Escherichia coli > Salmonella typhi. At an equivalent irradiation intensity, the blue and red LEDs could stimulate a comparable inactivation effect through photodynamic reactions. These findings demonstrated the valorization potential of tea dregs as a source of chlorophyll derivatives with visible light-induced antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renny Indrawati
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
- Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Elok Zubaidah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Aji Sutrisno
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
| | - Leenawaty Limantara
- Center for Urban Studies, Universitas Pembangunan Jaya, South Tangerang 15413, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Megawati Yusuf
- Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Tatas Hardo Panintingjati Brotosudarmo
- Ma Chung Research Center for Photosynthetic Pigments, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
- Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Ma Chung, Malang 65151, Indonesia
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27
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Turubanova VD, Mishchenko TA, Balalaeva IV, Efimova I, Peskova NN, Klapshina LG, Lermontova SA, Bachert C, Krysko O, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Novel porphyrazine-based photodynamic anti-cancer therapy induces immunogenic cell death. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7205. [PMID: 33785775 PMCID: PMC8010109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86354-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunogenicity of dying cancer cells determines the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is characterized by the emission of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying cells. This emission can trigger effective anti-tumor immunity. Only a few photosensitizers are known to induce ICD and, therefore, there is a need for development of new photosensitizers that can induce ICD. The purpose of this work was to analyze whether photosensitizers developed in-house from porphyrazines (pz I and pz III) can induce ICD in vitro and in vivo when used in PDT. We indetified the optimal concentrations of the photosensitizers and found that, at a light dose of 20 J/cm2 (λex 615-635 nm), both pz I and pz III efficiently induced cell death in cancer cells. We demonstrate that pz I localized predominantly in the Golgi apparatus and lysosomes while pz III in the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. The cell death induced by pz I-PDT was inhibited by zVAD-fmk (apoptosis inhibitor) but not by ferrostatin-1 and DFO (ferroptosis inhibitors) or by necrostatin-1 s (necroptosis inhibitor). By contrast, the cell death induced by pz III-PDT was inhibited by z-VAD-fmk and by the necroptosis inhibitor, necrostatin-1 s. Cancer cells induced by pz I-PDT or pz III-PDT released HMGB1 and ATP and were engulfed by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, which then matured and became activated in vitro. We demonstrate that cancer cells, after induction of cell death by pz I-PDT or pz III-PDT, are protective when used in the mouse model of prophylactic tumor vaccination. By vaccinating immunodeficient mice, we prove the role of the adaptive immune system in protecting against tumours. All together, we have shown that two novel porphyrazines developed in-house are potent ICD inducers that could be effectively applied in PDT of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D Turubanova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, Building B3, 4th Floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nina N Peskova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Larisa G Klapshina
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana A Lermontova
- G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. .,Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, Building B3, 4th Floor, 9000, Ghent, Belgium. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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28
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Weng XL, Liu JY. Strategies for maximizing photothermal conversion efficiency based on organic dyes. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2045-2052. [PMID: 33741495 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for tumor control and ablation. Attention has focused on exploring advanced organic photothermal agents (OPTAs), with advantages of easy modification, adjustable photophysical and photochemical properties, good compatibility, and inherent biodegradability. However, few detailed studies on how to maximally channelize nonradiative heat generation from the viewpoint of the photothermal conversion mechanism have been reported. Thus, here we assimilate and elaborate on several available action mechanisms to maximize the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic dyes. Moreover, we also propose several potential challenges that require substantial future work to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Weng
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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29
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Antiviral Activity of the G-Quadruplex Ligand TMPyP4 against Herpes Simplex Virus-1. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020196. [PMID: 33525505 PMCID: PMC7911665 DOI: 10.3390/v13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) genome is extremely rich in guanine tracts that fold into G-quadruplexes (G4s), nucleic acid secondary structures implicated in key biological functions. Viral G4s were visualized in HSV-1 infected cells, with massive virus cycle-dependent G4-formation peaking during viral DNA replication. Small molecules that specifically interact with G4s have been shown to inhibit HSV-1 DNA replication. We here investigated the antiviral activity of TMPyP4, a porphyrin known to interact with G4s. The analogue TMPyP2, with lower G4 affinity, was used as control. We showed by biophysical analysis that TMPyP4 interacts with HSV-1 G4s, and inhibits polymerase progression in vitro; in infected cells, it displayed good antiviral activity which, however, was independent of inhibition of virus DNA replication or entry. At low TMPyP4 concentration, the virus released by the cells was almost null, while inside the cell virus amounts were at control levels. TEM analysis showed that virus particles were trapped inside cytoplasmatic vesicles, which could not be ascribed to autophagy, as proven by RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence analysis. Our data indicate a unique mechanism of action of TMPyP4 against HSV-1, and suggest the unprecedented involvement of currently unknown G4s in viral or antiviral cellular defense pathways.
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30
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Sharma A, Panwar V, Thomas J, Chopra V, Roy HS, Ghosh D. Actin-binding carbon dots selectively target glioblastoma cells while sparing normal cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 200:111572. [PMID: 33476956 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a pleiotropic signalling molecule from Curcuma longa, is reported to be effective against multiple cancers. Despite its promising effect, curcumin had failed in clinical trials due to its low aqueous solubility, stability and poor bioavailability. While several approaches are being attempted to overcome the limitations, the improved solubility observed with curcumin-derived carbon dots appeared to be a strategy worth exploring. To assess if the carbon dots possess bio-activity similar to curcumin, we synthesized carbon dots (CurCD) from curcumin and ethylenediamine. Unlike curcumin, the as-synthesized curcumin carbon dots exhibited excellent solubility, excitation-dependent emission and photostability. The anti-cancer activity evaluated with glioblastoma cells using the well-established in vitro models indicated its comparable/enhanced activity over curcumin. Besides, the selective affinity of CurCD to the actin filament, indicated it's prospective to serve as a marker of actin filaments. In addition, the non-toxic effects observed in normal cells and fish embryos indicated CurCD was more biocompatible than curcumin. While this work reveals the superior properties of CurCD over curcumin, it provides a new approach to explore other plant derived molecules with similar limitations like curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vineeta Panwar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Jijo Thomas
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vianni Chopra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Mohali, 160062, Punjab, India.
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31
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Mugas ML, Calvo G, Marioni J, Céspedes M, Martinez F, Sáenz D, Di Venosa G, Cabrera JL, Montoya SN, Casas A. Photodynamic therapy of tumour cells mediated by the natural anthraquinone parietin and blue light. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 214:112089. [PMID: 33271387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for superficial tumours involving the administration of a photosensitiser followed by irradiation. The potential of the natural anthraquinone parietin (PTN) in PDT is still relatively unexploited. In the present work, PTN isolated from the lichen Teoloschistes nodulifer (Nyl.) Hillman (Telochistaceae) was evaluated as a potential photosensitiser on tumour cells employing UVA-Vis and blue light. Blue light of 2 J/cm2 induced 50% death of K562 leukaemic cells treated 1 h with 30 μM PTN (Protocol a). Higher light doses (8 J/cm2) were needed to achieve the same percentage of cell death employing lower PTN concentrations (3 μM) and higher exposure times (24 h) (Protocol b). Cell cycle analysis after both protocols of PTN-PDT revealed a high percentage of sub-G1 cells. PTN was found to be taken up by K562 cells mainly by passive diffusion. Other tumour cells such as ovary cancer IGROV-1 and LM2 mammary carcinoma, as well as the normal keratinocytes HaCaT, were also photosensitised with PTN-PDT. We conclude that PTN is a promising photosensitiser for PDT of superficial malignancies and purging of leukaemic cells, when illuminated with blue light. Thus, this light wavelength is proposed to replace the Vis-UVA lamps generally employed for the photosensitisation of anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Mugas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Calvo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juliana Marioni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Céspedes
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Martinez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV). Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel Sáenz
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Di Venosa
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José L Cabrera
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV). Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Núñez Montoya
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas. Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV). Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Casas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET and Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Damrongrungruang T, Rattanayatikul S, Sontikan N, Wuttirak B, Teerakapong A, Kaewrawang A. Effect of Different Irradiation Modes of Azulene-mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Singlet Oxygen and PGE 2 Formation. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:427-434. [PMID: 33075141 DOI: 10.1111/php.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Azulene samples in ethanol/distilled water (1, 10 and 100 µm) were irradiated with a 638 nm red laser (0.5 watts, light-to-target distance 2 cm, energy density 4 or 40 J cm-2 ) by either continuous, fractionation or pulse mode. Singlet oxygen in the samples was measured using 10 µm 9,10-dimethyl anthracene (positive control 10 μm erythrosine) and relative fluorescence intensities were measured at 375/436 nm excitation/emission. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, 1 × 105 cells/well) preincubated with 0.01 μg mL-1 rhTNF-α for 6 h were cultured with irradiated azulene samples in RPMI-1640 under standard conditions. PGE2 was quantified by rhPGE2 ELISA kit using a Varioscan® microplate reader at an excitation wavelength of 420 nm. Kruskal Wallis with Dunn`s test was performed at a significance level of P < 0.05. The highest singlet oxygen amount was found in 10 µm azulene samples irradiated at 40 J cm-2 under continuous mode (P = 0.001 when compared with 10 µm erythrosine). PGE2 expression in rhTNF-α-induced PBMCs was reduced to 45% of control by 1 µm azulene irradiated at 40 J cm-2 under fractionation mode. Fractionation mode with intermediate laser energy density in the presence of low concentration of azulene could increase singlet oxygen and tend to reduce PGE2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerasak Damrongrungruang
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Melatonin Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Aroon Teerakapong
- Laser in Dentistry Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arkom Kaewrawang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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33
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Kessel D, Reiners JJ. Photodynamic therapy: autophagy and mitophagy, apoptosis and paraptosis. Autophagy 2020; 16:2098-2101. [PMID: 32584644 PMCID: PMC7595601 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1783823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy can play a cytoprotective role after photodynamic damage to malignant cells, depending on the site of subcellular damage initiated by reactive oxygen species. There is evidence for such protection when mitochondria are among the targets. Targeting lysosomes has been reported to be more effective for photokilling, perhaps because autophagy offers no cytoprotection. Photodynamic damage to both lysosomes and mitochondria can, however, markedly enhance the overall level of photokilling. Two mechanisms have been proposed to account for this result. Lysosomal photodamage leads to the release of calcium ions, resulting in the activation of the protease CAPN (calpain). CAPN then cleaves ATG5 to a fragment (tATG5) capable of interacting with mitochondria to enhance pro-apoptotic signals. It has also been proposed that targeting lysosomes for photodynamic damage can impair mitophagy, a process that could mitigate the pro-apoptotic effects of mitochondrial targeting. The level of lysosomal photodamage required for suppression of mitophagy is unclear. The "tATG5 route" involves the catalytic action of CAPN, activated by a degree of lysosomal photodamage barely detectible by a viability assay. ER photodamage can also initiate paraptosis, a death pathway functional even in cell types with impaired apoptosis and apparently unaffected by autophagy. Abbreviations: ALLN: N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain); ATG: autophagy related; BPD: benzoporphyrin derivative (Visudyne); ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EtNBS: 5-ethylamino-9-diethyl-aminobenzo[a]phenothiazinium chloride; MTT: a tetrazolium dye; NPe6: mono N-aspartyl chlorin e6; PDT: photodynamic therapy; ROS: reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. Reiners
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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34
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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35
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Photodynamic inactivation of circulating tumor cells: An innovative approach against metastatic cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 157:38-46. [PMID: 33059005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The spread of a primary malignant tumor is the major reason for most of the cancer-associated deaths. To this day, treatment regimen and available drugs are still insufficient to manage these conditions. In this work, a new therapeutic concept based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) of metastasis-initiating cells is introduced. To address this issue, an experimental model was developed to simulate the movement and photodynamic inactivation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in vitro. Using curcumin loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles, a significant reduction in the cell viability of human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) could be achieved after 30 min laser irradiation (λ = 447 nm, P = 100mW) under flow conditions (5 cm s-1). Confocal laser scanning microscopy images confirmed the immediate accumulation of curcumin on the cell membrane and an increased fluorescence signal after irradiation. PDT caused time-dependent morphological cell alterations (i.e. membrane evaginations and disruption) indicating apoptosis and early necrosis. During the photoactivation of curcumin, a blue shift in the absorption spectra and a decrease in the curcumin content could be determined. This study confirms that the presented experimental model is suitable for in vitro investigations of CTCs under in vivo-like conditions, at the same time encouraging the clinical implementation of PDT as an innovative strategy against metastasis.
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Sun Y, Zhao D, Wang G, Wang Y, Cao L, Sun J, Jiang Q, He Z. Recent progress of hypoxia-modulated multifunctional nanomedicines to enhance photodynamic therapy: opportunities, challenges, and future development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1382-1396. [PMID: 32963938 PMCID: PMC7488364 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a salient feature of most solid tumors, confers invasiveness and resistance to the tumor cells. Oxygen-consumption photodynamic therapy (PDT) suffers from the undesirable impediment of local hypoxia in tumors. Moreover, PDT could further worsen hypoxia. Therefore, developing effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT has been a focus on antitumor treatment. In this review, the mechanism and relationship of tumor hypoxia and PDT are discussed. Moreover, we highlight recent trends in the field of nanomedicines to modulate hypoxia for enhancing PDT, such as oxygen supply systems, down-regulation of oxygen consumption and hypoxia utilization. Finally, the opportunities and challenges are put forward to facilitate the development and clinical transformation of PDT.
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Key Words
- 3O2, molecular oxygen
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- AQ4N, banoxantrone
- CaO2, calcium dioxide
- Cancer
- Ce6, chlorin e6
- CeO2, cerium oxide
- DC, dendritic cells
- DDS, drug delivery system
- DOX, doxorubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- H2O, water
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α
- HSA, human serum albumin
- Hb, hemoglobin
- Hypoxia
- MB, methylene blue
- MDR1, multidrug resistance 1
- MDSC, myeloid derived suppressive cells
- Mn-CDs, magnetofluorescent manganese-carbon dots
- MnO2, manganese dioxide
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- Nanomedicine delivery systems
- O2.−, superoxide anion
- OH., hydroxyl radical
- Oxygen
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PFC, perfluorocarbon
- PFH, perfluoroethane
- PS, photosensitizers
- Photodynamic therapy
- RBCs, red blood cells
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAM, tumor-associated macrophages
- TPZ, tirapazamine
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongyang Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Linlin Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qikun Jiang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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SİLİNDİR GÜNAY M. The Formulation of Methylene Blue Encapsulated, Tc-99m Labeled Multifunctional Liposomes for Sentinel Lymph Node Imaging and Therapy. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:381-387. [PMID: 32939133 PMCID: PMC7489354 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.86619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Methylene blue (MB) is a commonly used dye that can be used for near-infrared (NIR) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) by producing reactive oxygen species after light exposure, inducing apoptosis. The limiting factor of MB is its poor penetration through cell membranes. Its decreased cellular uptake can be prevented by encapsulation in drug delivery systems such as liposomes. Additionally, the enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumors enables enhanced accumulation of nanocarriers at the target site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nanosized, MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol: DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes were formulated to design multifunctional theranostic nanocarriers for: 1) NIR imaging, 2) gamma probe detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), and 3) PDT, which can provide accurate imaging and therapy helping surgery with a single liposomal system. The characterization of liposomes was performed by measuring particle size, zeta potential, phospholipid content, and encapsulation efficiency. Additionally, the in vitro release profile of MB and physical stability were also evaluated over 6 months at determined time intervals by measuring the mean particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and phospholipid content of liposomes kept at room temperature (25°C) and 4°C. RESULTS Tc-99m radiolabeled, nanosized Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes showed suitable particle size (around 100 nm), zeta potential (-9 to -13 mV), encapsulation efficiency (around 10%), phospholipid efficiency (around 85-90%), and release profiles. Additionally, the liposomes found stable for 3 months especially when kept at 4°C. CONCLUSION MB encapsulated, Tc-99m radiolabeled, nanosized Lipoid S PC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE and DPPC:PEG2000-PE:Chol:DTPA-PE liposomes were found to have potential for SLN imaging by gamma probe detection, NIR imaging, and PDT. In vitro and in vivo imaging and therapeutic efficiency should be definitely evaluated to enable a final decision and our studies on this research topic are continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine SİLİNDİR GÜNAY
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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Pires L, Demidov V, Wilson BC, Salvio AG, Moriyama L, Bagnato VS, Vitkin IA, Kurachi C. Dual-Agent Photodynamic Therapy with Optical Clearing Eradicates Pigmented Melanoma in Preclinical Tumor Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071956. [PMID: 32708501 PMCID: PMC7409296 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment using light-activated photosensitizers (photodynamic therapy, PDT) has shown limited efficacy in pigmented melanoma, mainly due to the poor penetration of light in this tissue. Here, an optical clearing agent (OCA) was applied topically to a cutaneous melanoma model in mice shortly before PDT to increase the effective treatment depth by reducing the light scattering. This was used together with cellular and vascular-PDT, or a combination of both. The effect on tumor growth was measured by longitudinal ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging in vivo and by immunohistology after sacrifice. In a separate dorsal window chamber tumor model, angiographic optical coherence tomography (OCT) generated 3D tissue microvascular images, enabling direct in vivo assessment of treatment response. The optical clearing had minimal therapeutic effect on the in control, non-pigmented cutaneous melanomas but a statistically significant effect (p < 0.05) in pigmented lesions for both single- and dual-photosensitizer treatment regimes. The latter enabled full-depth eradication of tumor tissue, demonstrated by the absence of S100 and Ki67 immunostaining. These studies are the first to demonstrate complete melanoma response to PDT in an immunocompromised model in vivo, with quantitative assessment of tumor volume and thickness, confirmed by (immuno) histological analyses, and with non-pigmented melanomas used as controls to clarify the critical role of melanin in the PDT response. The results indicate the potential of OCA-enhanced PDT for the treatment of pigmented lesions, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Pires
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Valentin Demidov
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-634-8778
| | | | - Lilian Moriyama
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
| | - Vanderlei S. Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
| | - I. Alex Vitkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; (V.D.); (I.A.V.)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Sao Carlos-SP 13566-590, Brazil; (L.P.); (L.M.); (V.S.B.); (C.K.)
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Hsu CW, Cheng NC, Liao MY, Cheng TY, Chiu YC. Development of Folic Acid-Conjugated and Methylene Blue-Adsorbed Au@TNA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Bladder Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1351. [PMID: 32664275 PMCID: PMC7407911 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment for malignancy. However, the low molecular solubility of photosensitizers (PSs) with a low accumulation at borderline malignant potential lesions results in the tardy and ineffective management of recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Herein, we used tannic acid (TNA), a green precursor, to reduce HAuCl4 in order to generate Au@TNA core-shell nanoparticles. The photosensitizer methylene blue (MB) was subsequently adsorbed onto the surface of the Au@TNA nanoparticles, leading to the incorporation of a PS within the organic shell of the Au nanoparticle nanosupport, denoted as Au@TNA@MB nanoparticles (NPs). By modifying the surface of the Au@TNA@MB NPs with the ligand folate acid (FA) using NH2-PEG-NH2 as a linker, we demonstrated that the targeted delivery strategy achieved a high accumulation of PSs in cancer cells. The cell viability of T24 cells decreased to 87.1%, 57.1%, and 26.6% upon treatment with 10 ppm[Au] Au@TNA/MB NPs after 45 min, 2 h, and 4 h of incubation, respectively. We also applied the same targeted PDT treatment to normal urothelial SV-HUC-1 cells and observed minor phototoxicity, indicating that this safe photomedicine shows promise for applications aiming to achieve the local depletion of cancer sites without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Wei Hsu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Nai-Chi Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Yi Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Ting-Yu Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900, Taiwan; (M.-Y.L.); (T.-Y.C.)
| | - Yi-Chun Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Pereira PMR, Parada B, Ribeiro-Rodrigues TM, Fontes-Ribeiro CA, Girão H, Tomé JPC, Fernandes R. Caveolin-1 Modulation Increases Efficacy of a Galacto-Conjugated Phthalocyanine in Bladder Cancer Cells Resistant to Photodynamic Therapy. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2145-2154. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia M. R. Pereira
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa M. Ribeiro-Rodrigues
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A. Fontes-Ribeiro
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Henrique Girão
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- QOPNA, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CQE & Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sorrin AJ, Ruhi MK, Ferlic NA, Karimnia V, Polacheck WJ, Celli JP, Huang HC, Rizvi I. Photodynamic Therapy and the Biophysics of the Tumor Microenvironment. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:232-259. [PMID: 31895481 PMCID: PMC7138751 DOI: 10.1111/php.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) provides opportunities to modulate tumor physiology, enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents, impact immune response and overcome resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemistry-based, nonthermal modality that produces reactive molecular species at the site of light activation and is in the clinic for nononcologic and oncologic applications. The unique mechanisms and exquisite spatiotemporal control inherent to PDT enable selective modulation or destruction of the TME and cancer cells. Mechanical stress plays an important role in tumor growth and survival, with increasing implications for therapy design and drug delivery, but remains understudied in the context of PDT and PDT-based combinations. This review describes pharmacoengineering and bioengineering approaches in PDT to target cellular and noncellular components of the TME, as well as molecular targets on tumor and tumor-associated cells. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of mechanical stress in the context of targeted PDT regimens, and combinations, for primary and metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sorrin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathaniel A. Ferlic
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Vida Karimnia
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - William J. Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Celli
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Mathematics, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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Metalloporphyrin Pd(T4) Exhibits Oncolytic Activity and Cumulative Effects with 5-ALA Photodynamic Treatment against C918 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020669. [PMID: 31968535 PMCID: PMC7013453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive method where light activates a photosensitizer bound to cancer cells, generating reactive oxygen species and resulting in cell death. This study assessed the oncolytic potential of photodynamic therapy, comparing European Medicines Agency and United States Food and Drug Administration-approved 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) to a metalloporphyrin, Pd(T4), against a highly invasive uveal melanoma cell line (C918) in two- and three-dimensional models in vitro. Epithelial monolayer studies displayed strong oncolytic effects (>70%) when utilizing Pd(T4) at a fraction of the concentration, and reduced pre-illumination time compared to 5-ALA post-405 nm irradiance. When analyzed at sub-optimal concentrations, application of Pd(T4) and 5-ALA with 405 nm displayed cumulative effects. Lethality from Pd(T4)-photodynamic therapy was maintained within a three-dimensional model, including the more resilient vasculogenic mimicry-forming cells, though at lower rates. At high concentrations, modality of cell death exhibited necrosis partially dependent on reactive oxygen species. However, sub-optimal concentrations of photosensitizer exhibited an apoptotic protein expression profile characterized by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and endoplasmic stress-related proteins, along with downregulation of apoptotic inhibitors CIAP-1 and -2. Together, our results indicate Pd(T4) as a strong photosensitizer alone and in combination with 5-ALA against C918 cells.
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Pourhajibagher M, Plotino G, Chiniforush N, Bahador A. Dual wavelength irradiation antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using indocyanine green and metformin doped with nano-curcumin as an efficient adjunctive endodontic treatment modality. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101628. [PMID: 31870895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indocyanine green (ICG) doped with nano-curcumin (N-CUR) can increase photosensitivity in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Since metformin (Met) provides a synergistic advantage with photosensitivity, it was conjugated with N-CUR@ICG. Aim of the study was to evaluate the photosensitizing effect of N-CUR@ICG-Met used as a new photosensitizer in dual wavelengths irradiation (diode laser and light-emitting diode, LED) aPDT in root canals infected with Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following synthesis and confirmation of N-CUR@ICG-Met by Scanning electrone microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Zetasizer analysis, the mature microbial biofilm was formed. The quantitative and qualitative evaluations of E. faecalis biofilm were made using microbial viability and SEM analysis of the following groups of treatment modalities (n = 5): 1- N-CUR, 2- ICG, 3- Met, 4- N-CUR@ICG, 5- N-CUR@ICG-Met, 6- Diode laser, 7- LED, 8- aPDT/diode, 9- aPDT/LED, 10- aPDT/diode laser + LED, 11- aPDT/LED + diode laser, 12- 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). In addition, E. faecalis not treated served as negative control. Data were statistically analyzed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the post-Hoc Bonferroni tests with a level of significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS SEM, FT-IR, XRD, Zetasizer analysis confirmed successful doping of ICG-Met onto/into N-CUR. The treatment modality of N-CUR@ICG-Met mediated aPDT/diode laser, aPDT/LED, aPDT/diode laser + LED, and aPDT/LED + diode laser statistically decreased the cell viability of E. faecalis for 69.40 %, 75.52 %, 82.74 %, and 83.84 %, respectively compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05). The double wavelengths irradiation technique, which exposed the N-CUR@ICG-Met with diode laser irradiation and immediately after with LED (i.e. group No. 10), as well as, N-CUR@ICG-Met with LED irradiation and immediately after with diode laser (i.e. group No. 11) reduced the viable E. faecalis count in biofilm structures statistically more than the other treatment modalities (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS N-CUR@ICG-Met as a new photosensitizer in dual wavelengths irradiation method may improve anti-biofilm activity of aPDT against E. faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Turubanova VD, Balalaeva IV, Mishchenko TA, Catanzaro E, Alzeibak R, Peskova NN, Efimova I, Bachert C, Mitroshina EV, Krysko O, Vedunova MV, Krysko DV. Immunogenic cell death induced by a new photodynamic therapy based on photosens and photodithazine. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:350. [PMID: 31842994 PMCID: PMC6916435 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-cancer therapy is more successful when it can also induce an immunogenic form of cancer cell death (ICD). Therefore, when developing new treatment strategies, it is extremely important to choose methods that induce ICD and thereby activate anti-tumor immune response leading to the most effective destruction of tumor cells. The aim of this work was to analyze whether the clinically widely used photosensitizers, photosens (PS) and photodithazine (PD), can induce ICD when used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Cell death in murine glioma GL261 or fibrosarcoma MCA205 cells was induced by PS- or PD-PDT and cell death was analyzed by MTT or flow cytometry. Intracellular distribution of PS and PD was studied by using the laser scanning microscope. Calreticulin exposure and HMGB1 and ATP release were detected by flow cytometry, ELISA and luminescence assay, respectively. Immunogenicity in vitro was analyzed by co-culturing of dying cancer cells with bone-marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and rate of phagocytosis and maturation (CD11c+CD86+, CD11c+CD40+) of BMDCs and production of IL-6 in the supernatant were measured. In vivo immunogenicity was analyzed in mouse tumor prophylactic vaccination model. Results We determined the optimal concentrations of the photosensitizers and found that at a light dose of 20 J/cm2 (λex 615–635 nm) both PS and PD efficiently induced cell death in glioma GL261 and fibrosarcoma MCA205 cells. We demonstrate that PS localized predominantly in the lysosomes and that the cell death induced by PS-PDT was inhibited by zVAD-fmk (apoptosis inhibitor) and by ferrostatin-1 and DFO (ferroptosis inhibitors), but not by the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1 s. By contrast, PD accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and the cell death induced by PD-PDT was inhibited only by z-VAD-fmk. Dying cancer cells induced by PS-PDT or PD-PDT emit calreticulin, HMGB1 and ATP and they were efficiently engulfed by BMDCs, which then matured, became activated and produced IL-6. Using dying cancer cells induced by PS-PDT or PD-PDT, we demonstrate the efficient vaccination potential of ICD in vivo. Conclusions Altogether, these results identify PS and PD as novel ICD inducers that could be effectively combined with PDT in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria D Turubanova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana A Mishchenko
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Catanzaro
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Razan Alzeibak
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Nina N Peskova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claus Bachert
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena V Mitroshina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Krysko
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria V Vedunova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Nizhni Novgorod, Russian Federation. .,Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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Nath S, Saad MA, Pigula M, Swain JW, Hasan T. Photoimmunotherapy of Ovarian Cancer: A Unique Niche in the Management of Advanced Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1887. [PMID: 31783651 PMCID: PMC6966499 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading cause of gynecological cancer-related deaths in the United States, with five-year survival rates of 15-20% for stage III cancers and 5% for stage IV cancers. The standard of care for advanced OvCa involves surgical debulking of disseminated disease in the peritoneum followed by chemotherapy. Despite advances in treatment efficacy, the prognosis for advanced stage OvCa patients remains poor and the emergence of chemoresistant disease localized to the peritoneum is the primary cause of death. Therefore, a complementary modality that is agnostic to typical chemo- and radio-resistance mechanisms is urgently needed. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a photochemistry-based process, is an ideal complement to standard treatments for residual disease. The confinement of the disease in the peritoneal cavity makes it amenable for regionally localized treatment with PDT. PDT involves photochemical generation of cytotoxic reactive molecular species (RMS) by non-toxic photosensitizers (PSs) following exposure to non-harmful visible light, leading to localized cell death. However, due to the complex topology of sensitive organs in the peritoneum, diffuse intra-abdominal PDT induces dose-limiting toxicities due to non-selective accumulation of PSs in both healthy and diseased tissue. In an effort to achieve selective damage to tumorous nodules, targeted PS formulations have shown promise to make PDT a feasible treatment modality in this setting. This targeted strategy involves chemical conjugation of PSs to antibodies, referred to as photoimmunoconjugates (PICs), to target OvCa specific molecular markers leading to enhanced therapeutic outcomes while reducing off-target toxicity. In light of promising results of pilot clinical studies and recent preclinical advances, this review provides the rationale and methodologies for PIC-based PDT, or photo-immunotherapy (PIT), in the context of OvCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (S.N.); (M.A.S.); (M.P.)
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Aljarrah K, Al-Akhras MA, Al-Khalili DJ, Ababneh Z. The feasibility of using Saffron to reduce the photosensitivity reaction of selected photosensitizers using red blood cells and staphylococcusAureus bacteria as targets. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 29:101590. [PMID: 31689512 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.101590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The photosensitivity reaction which appears after a Photodynamic therapy treatment session is a challenge that needs further investigation. The goal of this research is to evaluate the possibility of using saffron to reduce or control this photosensitivity reaction and to present mathematical modeling of the cell survival curves and their dependency on saffron concentration. METHODS Red blood cells (RBC) and Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria (STB) were used as targets in this study. The Photosensitivity of Rose Bengali, Methylene Blue, and Photofrin independently and incorporated with saffron was investigated for continued irradiation at different Saffron concentrations. Gompertz's function was used to fit the survival curve parameters. The 50% cell survival rate was fit to an empirical formula based on Saffron concentrations. RESULTS Saffron inhibits the photosensitivity reaction of the three photosensitizers and causes a significant increase in the 50% survival rate time (t50) for RBC`s and STB. Saffron didn't show phototoxicity when incubated alone with RBC`s and STB. The survival curve parameters of the RBCs and STB showed a good fit to the Gompertz function. Saffron concentration is related to the RBC`s t50 based on power dependency of 0.56, 0.38 and 0.31 for Photofrin, Methylene Blue and Rose Bengali respectively and 0.1 on STB for Rose Bengali. CONCLUSION Saffron can efficiently be used to reduce the photosensitivity reaction of Photosensitizers after a PDT treatment session. Gompertz function was found to be an appropriate mathematical model for survival rate curves. The t50 and the saffron concentration are well related through a power dependence empirical formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Aljarrah
- Bio-Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - M-Ali Al-Akhras
- Bio-Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Jordan University of Science & Technology (JUST), P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | | | - Zaid Ababneh
- Physics Department, Yarmouk University, Irbid 211-63, Jordan
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Zinc(II) phthalocyanines as photosensitizers for antitumor photodynamic therapy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105575. [PMID: 31362060 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly specific and clinically approved method for cancer treatment in which a nontoxic drug known as photosensitizer (PS) is administered to a patient. After selective tumor irradiation, an almost complete eradication of the tumor can be reached as a consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only damage tumor cells, but also lead to tumor-associated vasculature occlusion and the induction of an immune response. Despite exhaustive investigation and encouraging results, zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) have not been approved as PSs for clinical use yet. This review presents an overview on the physicochemical properties of ZnPcs and biological results obtained both in vitro and in more complex models, such as 3D cell cultures, chicken chorioallantoic membranes and tumor-bearing mice. Cell death pathways induced after PDT treatment with ZnPcs are discussed in each case. Finally, combined therapeutic strategies including ZnPcs and the currently available clinical trials are mentioned.
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Manda G, Hinescu ME, Neagoe IV, Ferreira LF, Boscencu R, Vasos P, Basaga SH, Cuadrado A. Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5268-5295. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190122163832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:Reactive oxygen species sustain tumorigenesis and cancer progression through deregulated redox signalling which also sensitizes cancer cells to therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer therapy based on a provoked singlet oxygen burst, exhibiting a better toxicological profile than chemo- and radiotherapy. Important gaps in the knowledge on underlining molecular mechanisms impede on its translation towards clinical applications.Aims and Methods:The main objective of this review is to critically analyse the knowledge lately gained on therapeutic targets related to redox and inflammatory networks underlining PDT and its outcome in terms of cell death and resistance to therapy. Emerging therapeutic targets and pharmaceutical tools will be documented based on the identified molecular background of PDT.Results:Cellular responses and molecular networks in cancer cells exposed to the PDT-triggered singlet oxygen burst and the associated stresses are analysed using a systems medicine approach, addressing both cell death and repair mechanisms. In the context of immunogenic cell death, therapeutic tools for boosting anti-tumor immunity will be outlined. Finally, the transcription factor NRF2, which is a major coordinator of cytoprotective responses, is presented as a promising pharmacologic target for developing co-therapies designed to increase PDT efficacy.Conclusion:There is an urgent need to perform in-depth molecular investigations in the field of PDT and to correlate them with clinical data through a systems medicine approach for highlighting the complex biological signature of PDT. This will definitely guide translation of PDT to clinic and the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F.V. Ferreira
- CQFM-Centro de Fisica Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul Vasos
- Research Centre of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Selma H. Basaga
- Molecular Biology Genetics & Program, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gujrati V, Prakash J, Malekzadeh-Najafabadi J, Stiel A, Klemm U, Mettenleiter G, Aichler M, Walch A, Ntziachristos V. Bioengineered bacterial vesicles as biological nano-heaters for optoacoustic imaging. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1114. [PMID: 30846699 PMCID: PMC6405847 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic engineering have enabled the use of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) to deliver vaccines, drugs and immunotherapy agents, as a strategy to circumvent biocompatibility and large-scale production issues associated with synthetic nanomaterials. We investigate bioengineered OMVs for contrast enhancement in optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging. We produce OMVs encapsulating biopolymer-melanin (OMVMel) using a bacterial strain expressing a tyrosinase transgene. Our results show that upon near-infrared light irradiation, OMVMel generates strong optoacoustic signals appropriate for imaging applications. In addition, we show that OMVMel builds up intense heat from the absorbed laser energy and mediates photothermal effects both in vitro and in vivo. Using multispectral optoacoustic tomography, we noninvasively monitor the spatio-temporal, tumour-associated OMVMel distribution in vivo. This work points to the use of bioengineered vesicles as potent alternatives to synthetic particles more commonly employed for optoacoustic imaging, with the potential to enable both image enhancement and photothermal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Gujrati
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jaya Prakash
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Jaber Malekzadeh-Najafabadi
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Andre Stiel
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Uwe Klemm
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Gabriele Mettenleiter
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, TranslaTUM, Technische Universität München, Munich, 81675, Germany.
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
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