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Gao H, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K, Adam V. Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106841. [PMID: 37385572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions and regulates cellular senescence by modulating the levels of the senescence markers p16, p53, lamin B1, and cyclin D1. Hypoxia is a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which is promoted by driving the expression of genetic factors (such as p53 and CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is activated by targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, which subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 as well as p16Ink4a and increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Deletion of the p21 gene increases the activity of the hypoxia response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the level of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, and alleviates cellular senescence. Moreover, cellular senescence is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and an accumulation of D-galactose derived from the gut microbiota. Chronic hypoxia leads to a striking reduction in the amount of Lactobacillus and D-galactose-degrading enzymes in the gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence. miR-424-5p levels are decreased under hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 levels are increased, both of which induce cellular senescence. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. The effects of HIFs, immune evasion, PARP-1, gut microbiota, and exosomal mRNA in hypoxia-mediated cell senescence are specifically discussed. This review increases our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated cellular senescence and provides new clues for anti-aging processes and the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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Aryankalayil MJ, Bylicky MA, Martello S, Chopra S, Sproull M, May JM, Shankardass A, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Eke I, Scott KMK, Dalo J, Coleman CN. Microarray analysis of hub genes, non-coding RNAs and pathways in lung after whole body irradiation in a mouse model. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1702-1715. [PMID: 37212632 PMCID: PMC10615684 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2214205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous research has highlighted the impact of radiation damage, with cancer patients developing acute disorders including radiation induced pneumonitis or chronic disorders including pulmonary fibrosis months after radiation therapy ends. We sought to discover biomarkers that predict these injuries and develop treatments that mitigate this damage and improve quality of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six- to eight-week-old female C57BL/6 mice received 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 Gy or sham whole body irradiation. Animals were euthanized 48 h post exposure and lungs removed, snap frozen and underwent RNA isolation. Microarray analysis was performed to determine dysregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) after radiation injury. RESULTS We observed sustained dysregulation of specific RNA markers including: mRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs across all doses. We also identified significantly upregulated genes that can indicate high dose exposure, including Cpt1c, Pdk4, Gdf15, and Eda2r, which are markers of senescence and fibrosis. Only three miRNAs were significantly dysregulated across all radiation doses: miRNA-142-3p and miRNA-142-5p were downregulated and miRNA-34a-5p was upregulated. IPA analysis predicted inhibition of several molecular pathways with increasing doses of radiation, including: T cell development, Quantity of leukocytes, Quantity of lymphocytes, and Cell viability. CONCLUSIONS These RNA biomarkers might be highly relevant in the development of treatments and in predicting normal tissue injury in patients undergoing radiation treatment. We are conducting further experiments in our laboratory, which includes a human lung-on-a-chip model, to develop a decision tree model using RNA biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aman Shankardass
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Iris Eke
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M K Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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D’Souza MH, Mrozowich T, Badmalia MD, Geeraert M, Frederickson A, Henrickson A, Demeler B, Wolfinger M, Patel T. Biophysical characterisation of human LincRNA-p21 sense and antisense Alu inverted repeats. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:5881-5898. [PMID: 35639511 PMCID: PMC9177966 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Long Intergenic Noncoding RNA-p21 (LincRNA-p21) is a regulatory noncoding RNA that plays an important role in promoting apoptosis. LincRNA-p21 is also critical in down-regulating many p53 target genes through its interaction with a p53 repressive complex. The interaction between LincRNA-p21 and the repressive complex is likely dependent on the RNA tertiary structure. Previous studies have determined the two-dimensional secondary structures of the sense and antisense human LincRNA-p21 AluSx1 IRs using SHAPE. However, there were no insights into its three-dimensional structure. Therefore, we in vitro transcribed the sense and antisense regions of LincRNA-p21 AluSx1 Inverted Repeats (IRs) and performed analytical ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, light scattering, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies. Based on these studies, we determined low-resolution, three-dimensional structures of sense and antisense LincRNA-p21. By adapting previously known two-dimensional information, we calculated their sense and antisense high-resolution models and determined that they agree with the low-resolution structures determined using SAXS. Thus, our integrated approach provides insights into the structure of LincRNA-p21 Alu IRs. Our study also offers a viable pipeline for combining the secondary structure information with biophysical and computational studies to obtain high-resolution atomistic models for long noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H D’Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Tyler Mrozowich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Maulik D Badmalia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Mitchell Geeraert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Angela Frederickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- NorthWest Biophysics Consortium, University of Lethbridge, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, Währingerstrasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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4
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Ebrahimi N, Parkhideh S, Samizade S, Esfahani AN, Samsami S, Yazdani E, Adelian S, Chaleshtori SR, Shah-Amiri K, Ahmadi A, Aref AR. Crosstalk between lncRNAs in the apoptotic pathway and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 65:61-74. [PMID: 35597701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The assertion that a significant portion of the mammalian genome has not been translated and that non-coding RNA accounts for over half of polyadenylate RNA have received much attention. In recent years, increasing evidence proposes non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as new regulators of various cellular processes, including cancer progression and nerve damage. Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death critical for homeostasis and tissue development. Cancer cells often have inhibited apoptotic pathways. It has recently been demonstrated that up/down-regulation of various lncRNAs in certain types of tumors shapes cancer cells' response to apoptotic stimuli. This review discusses the most recent studies on lncRNAs and apoptosis in healthy and cancer cells. In addition, the role of lncRNAs as novel targets for cancer therapy is reviewed here. Finally, since it has been shown that lncRNA expression is associated with specific types of cancer, the potential for using lncRNAs as biomarkers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sahar Parkhideh
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Setare Samizade
- Department of Cellular and molecular, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Alireza Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Cellular and molecular, School of Biological Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Sahar Samsami
- Biotechnology department of Fasa University of medical science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Elnaz Yazdani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Kamal Shah-Amiri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 75169, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Nukala SB, Jousma J, Cho Y, Lee WH, Ong SG. Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs as crucial regulators in cardio-oncology. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:24. [PMID: 35246252 PMCID: PMC8895873 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant improvements in the modern era of anticancer therapeutic strategies have increased the survival rate of cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is believed to result from anticancer therapies. The emergence of cardiovascular diseases among cancer survivors has served as the basis for establishing a novel field termed cardio-oncology. Cardio-oncology primarily focuses on investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms by which anticancer treatments lead to cardiovascular dysfunction and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies to counteract cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies. Advances in genome biology have revealed that most of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are recognized as being instrumental in cancer, cardiovascular health, and disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated that alterations of these ncRNAs have pathophysiological roles in multiple diseases in humans. As it relates to cardio-oncology, though, there is limited knowledge of the role of ncRNAs. In the present review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicities. Moreover, we also discuss prospective therapeutic strategies and the translational relevance of these ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Babu Nukala
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan Jousma
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yoonje Cho
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, ABC-1 Building, 425 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA.
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, 909 S Wolcott Ave, COMRB 4100, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Li C, Lin L, Zhang L, Xu R, Chen X, Ji J, Li Y. Long noncoding RNA p21 enhances autophagy to alleviate endothelial progenitor cells damage and promote endothelial repair in hypertension through SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105920. [PMID: 34601081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular damage of hypertension has been the focus of hypertension treatment, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in the repair of vascular endothelial damage. Functional damage and decreased number of EPCs are observed in the peripheral circulation of hypertensive patients, but its mechanism is not yet elucidated. Here, we show that the number of EPCs in hypertensive patients is significantly lower than that of normal population, and the cell function decreases with a higher proportion of EPCs at later stages. A decrease in autophagy is responsible for the senescence and damage of EPCs induced by AngII. Moreover, lncRNA-p21 plays a critical regulator role in EPCs' senescence and dysfunction. Furthermore, lncRNA-p21 activates SESN2/AMPK/TSC2 pathway by promoting the transcriptional activity of p53 and enhances autophagy to protect against AngII-induced EPC damage. The data provide evidence that a reversal of decreased autophagy serves as the protective mechanism of EPC injury in hypertensive patients, and lncRNA-p21 is a new therapeutic target for vascular endothelial repair in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Tianqiao District People's Hospital, Jinan 250031, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jingkang Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, China.
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7
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He YH, Yeh MH, Chen HF, Wang TS, Wong RH, Wei YL, Huynh TK, Hu DW, Cheng FJ, Chen JY, Hu SW, Huang CC, Chen Y, Yu J, Cheng WC, Shen PC, Liu LC, Huang CH, Chang YJ, Huang WC. ERα determines the chemo-resistant function of mutant p53 involving the switch between lincRNA-p21 and DDB2 expressions. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:536-553. [PMID: 34589276 PMCID: PMC8463322 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutant p53 (mutp53) commonly loses its DNA binding affinity to p53 response elements (p53REs) and fails to induce apoptosis fully. However, the p53 mutation does not predict chemoresistance in all subtypes of breast cancers, and the critical determinants remain to be identified. In this study, mutp53 was found to mediate chemotherapy-induced long intergenic noncoding RNA-p21 (lincRNA-p21) expression by targeting the G-quadruplex structure rather than the p53RE on its promoter to promote chemosensitivity. However, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) suppressed mutp53-mediated lincRNA-p21 expression by hijacking mutp53 to upregulate damaged DNA binding protein 2 (DDB2) transcription for subsequent DNA repair and chemoresistance. Levels of lincRNA-p21 positively correlated with the clinical responses of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and had an inverse correlation with the ER status and DDB2 level. In contrast, the carboplatin-induced DDB2 expression was higher in ER-positive breast tumor tissues. These results demonstrated that ER status determines the oncogenic function of mutp53 in chemoresistance by switching its target gene preference from lincRNA-p21 to DDB2 and suggest that induction of lincRNA-p21 and targeting DDB2 would be effective strategies to increase the chemosensitivity of mutp53 breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hao He
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Shing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hong Wong
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Wei
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Thanh Kieu Huynh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Wei Hu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Cheng
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Chen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Huang
- Department of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Jiaxin Yu
- AI Innovation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chih Liu
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Huang
- Division of Breast Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chien Huang
- The PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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8
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Price RL, Bhan A, Mandal SS. HOTAIR beyond repression: In protein degradation, inflammation, DNA damage response, and cell signaling. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103141. [PMID: 34183273 PMCID: PMC10426209 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed from the mammalian genome as transcripts that are usually >200 nucleotides long. LncRNAs generally do not encode proteins but are involved in a variety of physiological processes, principally as epigenetic regulators. HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) is a well-characterized lncRNA that has been implicated in several cancers and in various other diseases. HOTAIR is a repressor lncRNA and regulates various repressive chromatin modifications. However, recent studies have revealed additional functions of HOTAIR in regulation of protein degradation, microRNA (miRNA) sponging, NF-κB activation, inflammation, immune signaling, and DNA damage response. Herein, we have summarized the diverse functions and modes of action of HOTAIR in protein degradation, inflammation, DNA repair, and diseases, beyond its established functions in gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Price
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - Arunoday Bhan
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States.
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Amirinejad R, Rezaei M, Shirvani-Farsani Z. An update on long intergenic noncoding RNA p21: a regulatory molecule with various significant functions in cancer. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:82. [PMID: 32582435 PMCID: PMC7310005 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNA p21 was mapped on the human chromosome 6p21.2. Accordingly, it was firstly described by promoting the p53-dependent apoptosis in the mouse. Also, it is a new lncRNA playing some vital roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. In this regard, it was shown that, lincRNA-p21 regulates these biological processes involved in carcinogenesis through various signaling pathways including Notch signaling, JAK2/STAT3, and AKT/mTOR pathways. Another mechanism by that lincRNA-p21 can affect these processes is a cross-talk with different miRNAs. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed dysregulation of lincRNA-p21 in various human cancers. In addition, emerging evidence demonstrated that, lincRNA-p21 can be considered as a potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarker in cancers. Also, lincRNA-p21 enhances the response to radiotherapy for colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms of lincRNA-p21 in carcinogenesis have not been fully elucidated so far. So, this review summarizes the function of lincRNA-p21, as a tumor suppressor factor in different biological processes implicated in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Amirinejad
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Center Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Rezaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani-Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Pal S, Garg M, Pandey AK. Deciphering the Mounting Complexity of the p53 Regulatory Network in Correlation to Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E527. [PMID: 32106407 PMCID: PMC7140525 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Amongst the various gynecological malignancies affecting female health globally, ovarian cancer is one of the predominant and lethal among all. The identification and functional characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are made possible with the advent of RNA-seq and the advancement of computational logarithm in understanding human disease biology. LncRNAs can interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), proteins and their combinations. Moreover, lncRNAs regulate orchestra of diverse functions including chromatin organization and transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. LncRNAs have conferred their critical role in key biological processes in human cancer including tumor initiation, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, and metastasis. The interwoven function of tumor-suppressor protein p53-linked lncRNAs in the ovarian cancer paradigm is of paramount importance. Several lncRNAs operate as p53 regulators or effectors and modulates a diverse array of functions either by participating in various signaling cascades or via interaction with different proteins. This review highlights the recent progress made in the identification of p53 associated lncRNAs while elucidating their molecular mechanisms behind the altered expression in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Moreover, the development of novel clinical and therapeutic strategies for targeting lncRNAs in human cancers harbors great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Pal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India;
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11
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Wang M, Sun X, Wang H, Xin Y, Jiao W. Long non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: functions and distinctions from other malignancies. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2636-2653. [PMID: 35117021 PMCID: PMC8797712 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer leads to the most cancer-related death in the world. It was shown from the increasing evidences that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules for diagnosis, prognosis and even therapy of lung cancer and other malignancies. The biological functions or involved signaling pathways of lncRNAs are always found to be inconsistent among different types of malignancies. However, no available literature has systemically summarized differences in the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs between lung cancer and other cancers. In this review, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in lung cancer were introduced. Furthermore, their functional differences between lung cancer and other malignancies were discussed. Finally, their potential clinical applications in future lung cancer therapy were focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanlu Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Chen T, Qin S, Gu Y, Pan H, Bian D. Long non-coding RNA NORAD promotes the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer by adsorbing MiR-656-3p. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e757. [PMID: 31207175 PMCID: PMC6712722 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the role of non‐coding RNA activated by DNA damage (NORAD), a long non‐coding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA), in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its possible mechanism. Methods Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was adopted for the detection of the expression levels of NORAD, micro RNA (miR)‐656‐3p, and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1). The effects of NORAD, miR‐656‐3p, and AKT1 on cell proliferation and migration were examined through the Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and Transwell assay. Subsequently, the binding relationships between miR‐656‐3p and AKT1 and between miR‐656‐3p and NORAD were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay. Finally, the potential mechanisms of action of NORAD and miR‐656‐3p were explored through the torsion experiment. Results The lncRNA NORAD expression level in NSCLC patients was notably higher than that in people in control group, that in patients with metastasis was higher than that in patients without metastasis, and that in patients with NSCLC in stage III‐IV was significantly higher than that in patients with NSCLC in stage I‐II. Elevation of NORAD stimulated the proliferation and migration of NSCLC A549/H460 cells. According to the reporter gene assay, NORAD could bind to miR‐656‐3p. Besides, miR‐656‐3p was significantly under‐expressed in cancer tissues of patients with NSCLC, and overexpression of miR‐656‐3p could block the proliferation and migration of A549/H460 cells and reversed promotion on cell proliferation and migration by NORAD. Furthermore, the reporter gene assay revealed that the overexpression of AKT1, a miR‐656‐3p target gene, could reverse miR‐656‐3p's inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of A549/H460 cells. Conclusion LncRNA NORAD is capable of promoting the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, and its mechanism may be that it increases the AKT1 expression by adsorbing miR‐656‐3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Shaoyun Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yinan Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Huaqin Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Dachen Bian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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13
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Regulat-INGs in tumors and diseases: Focus on ncRNAs. Cancer Lett 2019; 447:66-74. [PMID: 30673590 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ING family genes (Inhibitor of Growth) are tumor suppressor genes that play a vital role in cell homeostasis. It has been shown that their expression is lost or diminished in many cancers and other diseases. The main mechanisms by which they are regulated in oncogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. The involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and in particular microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-transcriptional gene regulation is well established. miRNAs are short sequences (18-25 nucleotides) that can bind to the 3 'UTR sequence of the targeted messenger RNA (mRNA), leading to its degradation or translational repression. Interactions between the ING family and miRNAs have been described in some cancers but also in other diseases. The involvement of miRNAs in ING family regulation opens up new fields of investigation, particularly for targeted therapies. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory mechanisms at the RNA and protein level of the ING family and focus on the interactions with ncRNAs.
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14
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The anti-tumor activity of brown seaweed oligo-fucoidan via lncRNA expression modulation in HepG2 cells. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:363-374. [PMID: 30632031 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-019-00293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death in Asia. HCC is less sensitive to chemotherapy and is known to express multidrug resistant genes to acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, therefore the development of a potent HCC suppressor is essential in treating HCC. Our previous reports demonstrated that oligo-fucoidan from the brown seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum elevates microRNA-29b to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatoma cells. In this study, we aimed to examine in vitro effect of oligo-fucoidan in hepatocellular carcinoma through apoptosis and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) pathway. Oligo-fucoidan was studied for its anti-hepatoma cells by MTT and DNA ladder analysis. And the mechanism was studied by flow cytometry, qPCR and western blot analysis. In this study, oligo-fucoidan induced sub-G1 phase cell cycle arrest and activation of caspases, indicating that the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways were involved in the mechanism of oligo-fucoidan-induced cell death. Moreover, oligo-fucoidan significantly increased the expression of p53, p21, and p27, while cyclin-B1 and -D1 were decreased at the mRNA and protein levels. Finally, we showed that targeting apoptosis and cell cycle pathways could also contribute to the induction of the lncRNA-Saf and lncRNA-p21. Through human lncRNA profiler array analysis, the differential expression of lncRNAs in HCC cells following oligo-fucoidan exposure was further examined. These findings indicated that lncRNAs switched oligo-fucoidan-induced apoptosis, which might be potentially valuable in HCC adjuvant therapy.
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15
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Li M, Gong AY, Zhang XT, Wang Y, Mathy NW, Martins GA, Strauss-Soukup JK, Chen XM. Induction of a Long Noncoding RNA Transcript, NR_045064, Promotes Defense Gene Transcription and Facilitates Intestinal Epithelial Cell Responses against Cryptosporidium Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3630-3640. [PMID: 30446564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is an important opportunistic intestinal pathogen for immunocompromised individuals and a common cause of diarrhea in young children in developing countries. Gastrointestinal epithelial cells play a central role in activating and orchestrating host immune responses against Cryptosporidium infection, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. We report in this paper that C. parvum infection causes significant alterations in long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in murine intestinal epithelial cells. Transcription of a panel of lncRNA genes, including NR_045064, in infected cells is controlled by the NF-κB signaling. Functionally, inhibition of NR_045064 induction increases parasite burden in intestinal epithelial cells. Induction of NR_045064 enhances the transcription of selected defense genes in host cells following C. parvum infection. Epigenetic histone modifications are involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in infected host cells. Moreover, the p300/MLL-associated chromatin remodeling is involved in NR_045064-mediated transcription of associated defense genes in intestinal epithelial cells following C. parvum infection. Expression of NR_045064 and associated genes is also identified in intestinal epithelium in C57BL/6J mice following phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide or LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrate that lncRNAs, such as NR_045064, play a role in regulating epithelial defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Ai-Yu Gong
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Xin-Tian Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Nicholas W Mathy
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178
| | - Gislaine A Martins
- Research Division of Immunology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048.,Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90048; and
| | | | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178;
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16
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Co-Administration of Melatonin Effectively Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of Pioglitazone on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Indoxyl Sulfate-Induced Senescence through Modulation of Cellular Prion Protein Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051367. [PMID: 29734669 PMCID: PMC5983612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for regenerative medicine. However, their therapeutic potential in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is restricted by the presence of uremic toxins. To address this limitation, we explored the protective effect of melatonin and pioglitazone on MSCs undergoing senescence induced by the uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS). Methods: MSC senescence was induced by IS, and the therapeutic effects of melatonin and pioglitazone were identified. The expression of cellular prion protein (PrPC) was suppressed by transfection of MSCs with prion protein gene (PRNP) siRNA. Subsequently, these cells were used to study the protective effects of melatonin and pioglitazone against IS-induced senescence; Results: The IS-induced senescence of MSCs was significantly reduced by co-treatment with melatonin and pioglitazone compared to treatment with melatonin or pioglitazone alone. In the presence of IS, the reduced MSC proliferation was rescued by co-treatment with melatonin and pioglitazone. Melatonin and pioglitazone enhanced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in MSCs, which resulted in the augmentation of PrPC level. The inhibitory effect of the co-treatment with melatonin and pioglitazone on IS-induced senescence in MSCs was blocked by the knockdown of PRNP. In addition, the restorative effect of the co-treatment on the reduced MSC proliferation induced by IS was also blocked by the knockdown of PRNP. These findings indicate that co-treatment with melatonin and pioglitazone protected MSCs from uremic toxin-induced senescence through the regulation of the PPAR-γ-PrPC axis. Conclusions: Our study suggests that co-treatment of MSCs with melatonin and pioglitazone may represent a novel strategy for the development of MSC-based therapies for patients with CKD.
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17
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou J, Gao W, Xuan X, Yang X, Yang D, Tian Z, Ni B, Tang J. Critical effects of long non-coding RNA on fibrosis diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e428. [PMID: 29350677 PMCID: PMC5799794 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. LncRNAs were also recently recognized as functional regulators of fibrosis, which is a secondary process in many of these diseases and a primary pathology in fibrosis diseases. We review the latest findings on lncRNAs in fibrosis diseases of the liver, myocardium, kidney, lung and peritoneum. We also discuss the potential of disease-related lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of human fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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18
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Tehrani SS, Karimian A, Parsian H, Majidinia M, Yousefi B. Multiple Functions of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage Response and Cancer Progression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:223-236. [PMID: 28608608 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In addition to aberrant alternation of transcriptome, it is now suggested that dysregulation of the non-coding transcripts, particularly long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which comprise the majority of the genome, is contributed to cancer initiation and progression. As the result of recent huge efforts, the possible roles of numerous lncRNAs in the human cancers were characterized, as well as various strategies with inhibitory effects to target these transcripts on the transformed cells. Moreover, DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a complex regulatory network responsible for the identification of disruptions in DNA structure, integrity and stability- it is reported to be associated with the up-regulation and down-regulation of lncRNAs. This review explores the involvement of the various lncRNAs in different human cancers, afterwards discusses the association of the lncRNAs expression with the DDR and oxidative stress, which are implicated in a myriad pathophysiological and physiological intra- and extracellular damages. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 223-236, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hadi Parsian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Molecular Targeting Therapy Research Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Tu X, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Deng J, Li H, Kang Z, Cao Z, Huang Z, Ding Z, Dong L, Chen J, Zang Y, Zhang J. TGF-β-induced hepatocyte lincRNA-p21 contributes to liver fibrosis in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2957. [PMID: 28592847 PMCID: PMC5462818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte death, as well as the following inflammatory and fibrogenic signaling cascades, is the key trigger of liver fibrosis. Here, we isolated hepatocytes from CCl4-induced fibrotic liver and found that hepatocyte lincRNA-p21 significantly increased during liver fibrosis. The increase of hepatocyte lincRNA-p21 was associated with the loss of miR-30, which can inhibit TGF-β signaling by targeting KLF11. We revealed that lincRNA-p21 modulated miR-30 availability by acting as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA). The physiological significance of this interaction is highlighted by the feedback loop, in which lincRNA-p21 works as a downstream effector of the TGF-β signaling to strengthen TGF-β signaling and mediate its role in promoting liver fibrosis by interacting with miR-30. In vivo results showed that knockdown of hepatocyte lincRNA-p21 greatly reduced CCl4-induced liver fibrosis and inflammation, whereas ectopic expression of miR-30 in hepatocyte exhibited the similar results. Mechanistic studies further revealed that inhibition of miR-30 impaired the effects of lincRNA-p21 on liver fibrosis. Additionally, lincRNA-p21 promoted hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo, whereas the proliferation rate of hepatocyte was suppressed by lincRNA-p21. The pleiotropic roles of hepatocyte lincRNA-p21 suggest that it may represent an unknown paradigm in liver fibrosis and serve as a potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiuxiu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Huanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China. .,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
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20
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LincRNa-p21: function and mechanism in cancer. Med Oncol 2017; 34:98. [PMID: 28425074 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-0959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In view of the rapid development of gene chips and high-throughput sequencing technology, noncoding RNAs (ncRNas) form a high percentage of the mammalian genome. Two major subgroups of ncRNAs that have been identified are the long ncRNAs (lncRNas) and the microRNAs. A number of studies in the past few years have showed crucial functions for lncRNas in cancer. LincRNa-p21 as a p53-dependent transcriptional target gene and a potential diagnostic marker is involved in proliferation, cell cycle, metabolism and reprogramming. In addition, more researches revealed that lincRNa-p21 is associated with cancer progression and contributed to the treatment and prognosis of cancer. In this review, we briefly summarize the function and molecular mechanisms of lincRNa-p21 in cancer and its regulation for the genes expression .
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21
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Chaudhary R, Lal A. Long noncoding RNAs in the p53 network. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27990773 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is activated in response to numerous cellular stresses including DNA damage. p53 functions primarily as a sequence-specific transcription factor that controls the expression of hundreds of protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). While the role of protein-coding genes and miRNAs in mediating the effects of p53 has been extensively studied, the physiological function and molecular mechanisms by which p53-regulated lncRNAs act is beginning to be understood. In this review, we discuss recent studies on lncRNAs that are directly or indirectly regulated by p53 and how they contribute to the biological outcomes of p53 activation. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1410. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1410 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Chaudhary
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashish Lal
- Regulatory RNAs and Cancer Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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LincRNA-p21 Impacts Prognosis in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients through Angiogenesis Regulation. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:2173-2182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Chillón I, Pyle AM. Inverted repeat Alu elements in the human lincRNA-p21 adopt a conserved secondary structure that regulates RNA function. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9462-9471. [PMID: 27378782 PMCID: PMC5100600 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LincRNA-p21 is a long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) involved in the p53-mediated stress response. We sequenced the human lincRNA-p21 (hLincRNA-p21) and found that it has a single exon that includes inverted repeat Alu elements (IRAlus). Sense and antisense Alu elements fold independently of one another into a secondary structure that is conserved in lincRNA-p21 among primates. Moreover, the structures formed by IRAlus are involved in the localization of hLincRNA-p21 in the nucleus, where hLincRNA-p21 colocalizes with paraspeckles. Our results underscore the importance of IRAlus structures for the function of hLincRNA-p21 during the stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Chillón
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Anna M Pyle
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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Groff AF, Sanchez-Gomez DB, Soruco MML, Gerhardinger C, Barutcu AR, Li E, Elcavage L, Plana O, Sanchez LV, Lee JC, Sauvageau M, Rinn JL. In Vivo Characterization of Linc-p21 Reveals Functional cis-Regulatory DNA Elements. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2178-2186. [PMID: 27524623 PMCID: PMC5014909 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Linc-p21 locus, encoding a long non-coding RNA, plays an important role in p53 signaling, cell-cycle regulation, and tumor suppression. However, despite extensive study, confusion exists regarding its mechanism of action: is activity driven by the transcript acting in trans, in cis, or by an underlying functional enhancer? Here, using a knockout mouse model and a massively parallel enhancer assay, we delineate the functional elements at this locus. We observe that, even in tissues with no detectable Linc-p21 transcript, deletion of the locus significantly affects local gene expression, including of the cell-cycle regulator Cdkn1a. To characterize this RNA-independent regulatory effect, we systematically interrogated the underlying DNA sequence for enhancer activity at nucleotide resolution and confirmed the existence of multiple enhancer elements. Together, these data suggest that, in vivo, the cis-regulatory effects mediated by Linc-p21, in the presence or absence of transcription, are due to DNA enhancer elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail F Groff
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Diana B Sanchez-Gomez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marcela M L Soruco
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chiara Gerhardinger
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - A Rasim Barutcu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eric Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lara Elcavage
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Olivia Plana
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lluvia V Sanchez
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin Sauvageau
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - John L Rinn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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25
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Li J, Tian H, Yang J, Gong Z. Long Noncoding RNAs Regulate Cell Growth, Proliferation, and Apoptosis. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:459-70. [PMID: 27213978 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The revolutionary findings in nonprotein-coding part of human genome analysis have revealed a large number of RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that lack coding protein function, termed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recently, accumulating shreds of evidence suggest that lncRNAs are widely distributed in human genome and deeply involved in cellular activities such as cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Generally, lncRNAs regulate cell behaviors by targeting cell cycle-associated cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and/or CDK inhibitors. Specifically, lncRNAs serve as scaffolds or guides for chromatin-modifying complexes and act as signals in response to DNA damage. In addition, lncRNAs function as protein decoys and microRNA decoys, as well as interveners in cell division by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. In this review, we mainly focus on the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms, how lncRNAs influence cellular processes and cancer progression. Finally, we also prospect the limitations of lncRNAs in cell behaviors and the novel roles of lncRNAs in epigenetic regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Li
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China
| | - Haihua Tian
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ningbo Kangning Hospital , Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China
| | - Zhaohui Gong
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China .,2 Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine , Ningbo, China
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26
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Zheng J, Dong P, Mao Y, Chen S, Wu X, Li G, Lu Z, Yu F. lincRNA-p21 inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis via p21. FEBS J 2015; 282:4810-21. [PMID: 26433205 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Peihong Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Yuqing Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology; Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Shaolong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou China
| | - Guojun Li
- Department of Hepatology; Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital; China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
| | - Fujun Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; China
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27
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LincRNA-p21: Implications in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:18732-40. [PMID: 26270659 PMCID: PMC4581268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160818732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which lack significant protein-coding capacity, regulate various biological processes through diverse and as yet poorly understood molecular mechanisms. However, a number of studies in the past few years have documented important functions for lncRNAs in human diseases. Among these lncRNAs, lincRNA-p21 has been proposed to be a novel regulator of cell proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage response, and involved in the initiation and progression of human diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of lincRNA-p21, mainly focus on the known biological functions and its underlying mechanisms. Moreover, we highlight the growing body of evidences for the importance of lincRNA-p21 in diverse human diseases, which indicate lincRNA-p21 as a potential diagnostic marker and/or a valuable therapeutic target for these diseases.
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Expanding the p53 regulatory network: LncRNAs take up the challenge. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2015. [PMID: 26196323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are rapidly emerging as important regulators of gene expression in a wide variety of physiological and pathological cellular processes. In particular, a number of studies revealed that some lncRNAs participate in the p53 pathway, the unquestioned protagonist of tumor suppressor response. Indeed, several lncRNAs are not only part of the large pool of genes coordinated by p53 transcription factor, but are also required by p53 to fine-tune its response and to fully accomplish its tumor suppressor program. In this review we will discuss the current and fast growing knowledge about the contribution of lncRNAs to the complexity of the p53 network, the different mechanisms by which they affect gene regulation in this context, and their involvement in cancer. The incipient impact of lncRNAs in the p53 biological response may encourage the development of therapies and diagnostic methods focused on these noncoding molecules. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Clues to long noncoding RNA taxonomy1, edited by Dr. Tetsuro Hirose and Dr. Shinichi Nakagawa.
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Defining the minimal peptide sequence of the ING1b tumour suppressor capable of efficiently inducing apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15048. [PMID: 27551477 PMCID: PMC4979497 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ING1b protein is a type-II tumour suppressor and stoichiometric member of the Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) protein complex in which it acts to target HDAC activity to regulate chromatin structure. Altering ING1 levels by ectopic expression of ING1b in cancer cells promotes apoptosis, whereas altering levels by knockout in normal murine fibroblasts alters sensitivity to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. We have identified a minimal region of ING1b capable of inducing levels of apoptosis in targeted cells as effectively as full-length ING1b, using transient overexpression of ING1b fragments followed by the Annexin V assay. We observed high levels of apoptosis in 14 of 14 cancer cell lines tested. Infecting triple-negative tumorigenic MDA-MB-468 breast cancer, U2OS or Saos-2 cells at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) ranging from 10 to 20 rapidly triggered apoptosis in ~80% of infected cells within 48 h. This was not due to the effects of virus, as infection at the same MOI with a control adenovirus expressing GFP was not effective in inducing apoptosis. When used at low MOIs, the ING1b fragment showed a cell-killing efficacy that was higher than native, full-length ING1b. Using a doxycycline-regulated inducible p53 expression system demonstrated that apoptosis induced by the ING1b fragment was p53 independent. Given the growing importance of combination therapies, we evaluated whether there was synergism between the ING1b fragment and HDAC inhibitors. Combination treatments with TSA, LBH 589 and SAHA reduced cancer cell survival by 3.9–4.7-fold as compared with single-drug treatment, and resulted in ~90% reduction in cell survival. Normalized isobologram analysis confirmed strong synergism between the ING1b fragment and drugs tested. These findings provide support for using ING1b-derived therapeutics as adjuvant treatments in combination with existing epigenetic therapies.
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