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Watakabe K, Miyoshi M, Kakinuma S, Sato A, Tsuchiya J, Shimizu T, Mochida T, Inada K, Kaneko S, Kawai-Kitahata F, Murakawa M, Nitta S, Nakagawa M, Oshima S, Watanabe M, Ma A, Asahina Y, Okamoto R. A20 in hepatic stellate cells suppresses chronic hepatitis by inhibiting DCLK1-JNK pathway-dependent chemokines. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23757. [PMID: 38965999 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400109r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are responsible for liver fibrosis accompanied by its activation into myofibroblasts and the abundant production of extracellular matrix. However, the HSC contribution to progression of liver inflammation has been less known. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism in HSCs underlying the inflammatory response and the function of tumor necrosis factor α-related protein A20 (TNFAIP3). We established A20 conditional knockout (KO) mice crossing Twist2-Cre and A20 floxed mice. Using these mice, the effect of A20 was analyzed in mouse liver and HSCs. The human HSC line LX-2 was also used to examine the role and underlying molecular mechanism of A20. In this KO model, A20 was deficient in >80% of HSCs. Spontaneous inflammation with mild fibrosis was found in the liver of the mouse model without any exogenous agents, suggesting that A20 in HSCs suppresses chronic hepatitis. Comprehensive RNA sequence analysis revealed that A20-deficient HSCs exhibited an inflammatory phenotype and abnormally expressed chemokines. A20 suppressed JNK pathway activation in HSCs. Loss of A20 function in LX-2 cells also induced excessive chemokine expression, mimicking A20-deficient HSCs. A20 overexpression suppressed chemokine expression in LX-2. In addition, we identified DCLK1 in the genes regulated by A20. DCLK1 activated the JNK pathway and upregulates chemokine expression. DCLK1 inhibition significantly decreased chemokine induction by A20-silencing, suggesting that A20 controlled chemokine expression in HSCs via the DCLK1-JNK pathway. In conclusion, A20 suppresses chemokine induction dependent on the DCLK1-JNK signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of A20 and the DCLK1-JNK pathway for the regulation of inflammation in chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiya Watakabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sei Kakinuma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Mochida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Inada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fukiko Kawai-Kitahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miyako Murakawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Nitta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshima
- Institute of Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Grayck MR, McCarthy WC, Solar M, Balasubramaniyan N, Zheng L, Orlicky DJ, Wright CJ. Implications of neonatal absence of innate immune mediated NFκB/AP1 signaling in the murine liver. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1791-1802. [PMID: 38396130 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental immaturity of the innate immune system helps explains the increased risk of infection in the neonatal period. Importantly, innate immune signaling pathways such as p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 are responsible for the prevention of hepatocyte apoptosis in adult animals, yet whether developmental immaturity of these pathways increases the risk of hepatic injury in the neonatal period is unknown. METHODS Using a murine model of endotoxemia (LPS 5 mg/kg IP x 1) in neonatal (P3) and adult mice, we evaluated histologic evidence of hepatic injury and apoptosis, presence of p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 activation and associated transcriptional regulation of apoptotic genes. RESULTS We demonstrate that in contrast to adults, endotoxemic neonatal (P3) mice exhibit a significant increase in hepatic apoptosis. This is associated with absent hepatic p65/NFκB signaling and impaired expression of anti-apoptotic target genes. Hepatic c-Jun/AP1 activity was attenuated in endotoxemic P3 mice, with resulting upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that developmental absence of innate immune p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 signaling, and target gene expression is associated with apoptotic injury in neonatal mice. More work is needed to determine if this contributes to long-term hepatic dysfunction, and whether immunomodulatory approaches can prevent this injury. IMPACT Various aspects of developmental immaturity of the innate immune system may help explain the increased risk of infection in the neonatal period. In adult models of inflammation and infection, innate immune signaling pathways such as p65/NFκB and c-Jun/AP1 are responsible for a protective, pro-inflammatory transcriptome and regulation of apoptosis. We demonstrate that in contrast to adults, endotoxemic neonatal (P3) mice exhibit a significant increase in hepatic apoptosis associated with absent hepatic p65/NFκB signaling and c-Jun/AP1 activity. We believe that these results may explain in part hepatic dysfunction with neonatal sepsis, and that there may be unrecognized developmental and long-term hepatic implications of early life exposure to systemic inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R Grayck
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - William C McCarthy
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mack Solar
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natarajan Balasubramaniyan
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - David J Orlicky
- Dept of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Z, Li D, Guo X, Zhang Z, Zhu X, Tan S. REXO2 up-regulation is positively correlated with poor prognosis and tumor immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111740. [PMID: 38401464 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a homologous counterpart to the prokaryotic oligonuclease found in the cellular cytoplasm and mitochondrion, REXO2 assumes a pivotal role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Nevertheless, the precise functions and mechanisms by which REXO2 operates within the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have hitherto remained unexamined. METHODS The expression levels of REXO2 in HCC tissues were evaluated through the utilization of the immunohistochemical (IHC) method, and subsequently, the association between REXO2 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of HCC patients was scrutinized employing the χ2 test. A battery of experimental assays, encompassing CCK8 viability assessment, cell colony formation, wound healing, and transwell assays, were conducted with the aim of elucidating the biological role of REXO2 within HCC cells. Complementary bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to discern potential correlations between REXO2 and immune infiltration in tumor tissues. RESULTS Our IHC findings have unveiled a notable up-regulation of REXO2 within HCC tissues, and this heightened expression bears the status of an independent prognostic factor, portending an adverse outcome for HCC patients (P < 0.05). Upon the attenuation of REXO2 expression, a discernible reduction in the rates of proliferation, invasion and migration of HCC cells ensued (P < 0.05). Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing analysis has provided insights into the putative influence of REXO2 on the development of HCC through the modulation of TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, our bioinformatics analyses have demonstrated a positive correlation between REXO2 and tumor immune cell infiltration, as well as immune checkpoint CTLA-4. CONCLUSIONS In summation, our results posit an association between the up-regulation of REXO2 and adverse prognostic outcomes, alongside the involvement of immune-related signaling pathways and tumor immune infiltration within the realm of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianmiao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Rongcheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhongqi Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Di Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaonian Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shengkui Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposomics and Entire Lifecycle Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China.
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Xing D, Jin Y, Sun D, Liu Y, Cai B, Gao C, Cui Y, Jin B. Protective effect of TNFAIP3 on testosterone production in Leydig cells under an aging inflammatory microenvironment. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 117:105274. [PMID: 37995648 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging inflammatory microenvironment surrounding Leydig cells is linked to reduced testosterone levels in males. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) acts as a critical anti-inflammatory factor in various aging-related diseases. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of TNFAIP3 on testosterone production in Leydig cells under an aging inflammatory microenvironment. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis examined TNFAIP3 expression differences in aging rat testes and validated the findings in aging mouse testes. In vitro models of inflammation were established using two Leydig cell lines, with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as the inflammatory factor. Lentiviral transduction was utilized to manipulate TNFAIP3 expression in these cell lines. Transcriptomic sequencing identified differentially expressed genes in TNFAIP3-overexpressing cells. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis and validation experiments revealed increased inflammatory signaling and elevated TNFAIP3 expression in aging rat and mouse testes. TNFAIP3 knockdown worsened testosterone synthesis inhibition and apoptosis in cells, while TNFAIP3 overexpression reversed these effects. Transcriptome analysis identified alterations in the P38MAPK pathway following TNFAIP3 overexpression. TNFAIP3 knockdown enhanced TNF-induced P38MAPK signaling, whereas its overexpression attenuated this effect. TNFAIP3 was found to regulate testosterone synthesis by upregulating CEBPB expression. CONCLUSIONS TNFAIP3 exhibits inhibitory effects on apoptosis and promotes testosterone production in Leydig cells. The protective influence of TNFAIP3 on Leydig cells within an inflammatory microenvironment is likely mediated through by inhibiting the P38MAPK pathway and upregulating CEBPB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xing
- Medical College of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihan Jin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dalin Sun
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Medical College of Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baofang Jin
- Andrology Department of Integrative Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Zhang F, Zhang L. A20 haploinsufficiency in a neonate caused by a large deletion on chromosome 6q. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38183052 PMCID: PMC10770963 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) is a rare monogenic disease caused by heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene located on chromosome 6q23.3. The majority of disease-causing mutations in most cases of HA20 comprise single nucleotide variations, small insertions, or deletions in TNFAIP3, which result in a premature termination codon and subsequent disruption of its anti-inflammatory role. Large deletions have been reported sporadically. HA20 patients may present with a variety of autoinflammatory and autoimmune features during early childhood; however, cases with neonatal onset are rare. Here, we describe a Chinese neonate presenting with concomitant inflammatory and other syndromic manifestations caused by a 5.15 Mb interstitial deletion in chromosome 6; these deletions affect TNFAIP3. Taken together, the data extend the clinical and genetic spectra of HA20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Wang X, Xiao Y, Dong Y, Wang Z, Yi J, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L, Shi Y. A20 interacts with mTORC2 to inhibit the mTORC2/Akt/Rac1 signaling axis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:424-436. [PMID: 36411371 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00562-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A20 acts as a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma, especially inhibiting metastasis of the malignant cells. However, the mechanisms whereby A20 plays the inhibitory roles are not understood completely. Rac1 signaling is essential for cell migration in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Nevertheless, it is not known whether and how A20 inhibits Rac1 signaling to suppress the migration of hepatocellular carcinoma cell. Thereby, we analyzed the relationship between A20 and Rac1 activation, as well as the activity of Akt and mTORC2, two signaling components upstream of Rac1, using gain and loss of function experiments. We found that the overexpression of A20 repressed, while the knockdown or knockout of A20 promoted, the activation of Rac1, Akt and mTORC2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of A20 on the mTORC2/Akt/Rac1 signaling axis was due to the interaction between A20 and mTORC2 complex. The binding of A20 to mTORC2 was mediated by the ZnF7 domain of A20 and M1 ubiquitin chain in the mTORC2 complex. Furthermore, A20 inhibited metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via restraining mTORC2 in a hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft mouse model. These findings revealed the relationship between A20 and mTORC2, and explained the molecular mechanisms of A20 in inhibition of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanlei Dong
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Zhida Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a central cytokine in inflammatory reactions, and biologics that neutralize TNF are among the most successful drugs for the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. In recent years, it became clear that TNF drives inflammatory responses not only directly by inducing inflammatory gene expression but also indirectly by inducing cell death, instigating inflammatory immune reactions and disease development. Hence, inhibitors of cell death are being considered as a new therapy for TNF-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Pathogenesis of Liver Fibrosis and Its TCM Therapeutic Perspectives. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5325431. [PMID: 35529927 PMCID: PMC9071861 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5325431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological process of abnormal tissue proliferation in the liver caused by various pathogenic factors, which will further develop into cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma if liver injury is not intervened in time. As a diffuse progressive liver disease, its clinical manifestations are mostly excessive deposition of collagen-rich extracellular matrix resulting in scar formation due to liver injury. Hepatic fibrosis can be caused by hepatitis B and C, fatty liver, alcohol, and rare diseases such as hemochromatosis. As the metabolic center of the body, the liver regulates various vital activities. During the development of fibrosis, it is influenced by many other factors in addition to the central event of hepatic stellate cell activation. Currently, with the increasing understanding of TCM, the advantages of TCM with multiple components, pathways, and targets have been demonstrated. In this review, we will describe the factors influencing liver fibrosis, focusing on the effects of cells, intestinal flora, iron death, signaling pathways, autophagy and angiogenesis on liver fibrosis, and the therapeutic effects of herbal medicine on liver fibrosis.
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Gao C, Xiao F, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wang L, Liu X, Sun H, Xie Z, Liang Y, Xu Q, Wang L. SENP1 inhibition suppresses the growth of lung cancer cells through activation of A20-mediated ferroptosis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:224. [PMID: 35280420 PMCID: PMC8908163 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a type of cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of various tumors. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is a critical SUMO-specific protease, which controls multiple cellular signaling processes. However, the roles and mechanisms of SENP1-mediated protein SUMOylation in the regulation of cell death and ferroptosis remain unexplored. Methods The gene expression of SENP1 and ferroptosis-related genes in samples of lung cancer patient and cells were determined by immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The association of gene expression with the survival rate of lung cancer patients was analyzed from public database. The erastin and cisplatin was used to induce ferroptosis, and cell ferroptosis were determined by evaluated lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability and electron microscopy. The protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation (IP) and shotgun proteomics analysis. An in vivo tumor transplantation model of immunodeficient mice was used to evaluate the effect of SENP1 on tumor growth in vivo. Results SENP1 is aberrantly overexpressed in lung cancer cells and is associated with the low survival rate of patients. SENP1 inhibition by short hairpin RNA transduction or a specific inhibitor suppressed the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. SENP1 overexpression protected lung cancer cells from ferroptosis induced by erastin or cisplatin. Transcriptome and proteomics profiles revealed the involvement of SUMOylation regulation of the inflammation signal A20 in SENP1 inhibition-induced ferroptosis. Functional studies proved that A20 functions as a positive inducer and enhances the ferroptosis of A549 cells. A20 was shown to interact with ACSL4 and SLC7A11 to regulate the ferroptosis of lung cancer cells. Conclusions SENP1 was identified as a suppressor of ferroptosis through a novel network of A20 SUMOylation links ACSL4 and SLC7A11 in lung cancer cells. SENP1 inhibition promotes ferroptosis and apoptosis and represents a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Zhidan Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Rusu I, Mennillo E, Bain JL, Li Z, Sun X, Ly KM, Rosli YY, Naser M, Wang Z, Advincula R, Achacoso P, Shao L, Razani B, Klein OD, Marson A, Turnbaugh JA, Turnbaugh PJ, Malynn BA, Ma A, Kattah MG. Microbial signals, MyD88, and lymphotoxin drive TNF-independent intestinal epithelial tissue damage. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:154993. [PMID: 35077396 PMCID: PMC8884902 DOI: 10.1172/jci154993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-TNF antibodies are effective for treating patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but many patients fail to respond to anti-TNF therapy, highlighting the importance of TNF-independent disease. We previously demonstrated that acute deletion of 2 IBD susceptibility genes, A20 (Tnfaip3) and Abin-1 (Tnip1), in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) sensitized mice to both TNF-dependent and TNF-independent death. Here we show that TNF-independent IEC death after A20 and Abin-1 deletion was rescued by germ-free derivation or deletion of MyD88, while deletion of Trif provided only partial protection. Combined deletion of Ripk3 and Casp8, which inhibits both apoptotic and necroptotic death, completely protected against death after acute deletion of A20 and Abin-1 in IECs. A20- and Abin-1–deficient IECs were sensitized to TNF-independent, TNFR1-mediated death in response to lymphotoxin α (LTα) homotrimers. Blockade of LTα in vivo reduced weight loss and improved survival when combined with partial deletion of MyD88. Biopsies of inflamed colon mucosa from patients with IBD exhibited increased LTA and IL1B expression, including a subset of patients with active colitis on anti-TNF therapy. These data show that microbial signals, MyD88, and LTα all contribute to TNF-independent intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Rusu
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elvira Mennillo
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jared L. Bain
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhongmei Li
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xiaofei Sun
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Yenny Y. Rosli
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Naser
- Biological Imaging Development CoLab, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zunqiu Wang
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Philip Achacoso
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ling Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ophir D. Klein
- Departments of Orofacial Sciences and Pediatrics, Program in Craniofacial Biology, and
| | - Alexander Marson
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
- Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Cui SB, Wang TX, Liu ZW, Yan JY, Zhang K. Zinc finger protein A20 regulates the development and progression of osteoarthritis by affecting the activity of NF-κB p65. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2021; 43:713-723. [PMID: 34463587 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1970764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Zinc finger protein A20 in osteoarthritis (OA) by regulating NF-κB p65. METHODS A20, MMP1, MMP13 and IL-1β expressions in human OA cartilage samples were detected by qRT-PCR. IL-1β-induced chondrocyte was treated with A20 lentivirus activation particle, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, a NF-κB inhibitor) with/without A20 siRNA. IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels were measured by ELISA, and NO production by Greiss reaction. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery was used to construct the OA models, followed by injection of A20 adenovirus. MMP1 and MMP13 expression was measured by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression were performed by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. RESULTS A20 was down-regulated in human OA cartilage samples, and negatively correlated with the expressions of MMP1, MMP13 and IL-1β. The IL-1β-induced chondrocyte manifested decreased A20 with increased NF-κB p65 activity. A20 overexpression suppressed the NF-κB p65 activity in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte. Furthermore, PDTC decreased IL-1β-induced chondrocyte apoptosis with the upregulated COL1A1, COL2A1, COL10A1 and ACAN, as well as the down-regulated MMP1, MMP13, COX2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, NO and PGE2, which was reversed by A20 siRNA. In vivo, OA mice gained higher OARSI score and Mankin's score, exhibited up-regulations of MMP1 and MMP13, and decreased NF-κB p65 activity, which was improved after injection of A20 adenovirus. CONCLUSION A20 was reduced in OA cartilage samples, and its overexpression, by suppressing the activity of NF-κB p65, could improve IL-1β-induced chondrocyte degradation and apoptosis in vitro, as well as mitigate the inflammation in OA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bei Cui
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Tao-Xia Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Technology, Handan, China
| | - Zhen-Wu Liu
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Ji-Ying Yan
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The First Department of Orthopedics, Handan Central Hospital, Handan, China
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12
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Long C, Xie N, Shu Y, Wu Y, He P, Zhou Y, Xiang Y, Gu J, Yang L, Wang Y. Knockout of the Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Gene Promotes Inflammation and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Promoting A20/Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Expression in Mice with Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931236. [PMID: 34413280 PMCID: PMC8409143 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the effect of deleting the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene on the development of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice via regulating inflammation. Material/Methods The DNA was extracted from the tails of mice to identify whether the cannabinoid receptor 2 gene was successfully knocked out. A liver fibrosis model was established by an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 into mice. Hepatic damage and hepatic fibrosis were evaluated by detecting serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and staining paraffin sections of liver tissue with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The secretion and distribution of collagen in liver tissue were observed by Masson staining. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (A20), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in liver tissue. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in liver tissue. Results Compared with the control mice, the mice with CB2 knockout that were exposed to CCl4 exhibited increased liver damage, liver fibrosis, and upregulated α-SMA, TGF-β1, A20, and p-NF-κB p65 protein levels. IL-6 and TNF-α protein levels and mRNA levels were upregulated. Conclusions The deletion of the CB2 gene promoted the activation of hepatic stellate cells in mice with liver fibrosis and aggravated liver fibrosis by up-regulating the protein expression of A20 and p-NF-κB p65 and inducing inflammatory response, potentially providing new insight into the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuizhen Long
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Medical Laboratory Department, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Na Xie
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanhui Shu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yafeng Wu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Ya'an City, Ya'an, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Ping He
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zhou
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yining Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Junying Gu
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Yang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
| | - Yuping Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratories, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland).,School of Clinical Laboratory Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (mainland)
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13
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A20 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation Through MAPK/ERK/JNK Pathway in LX-2 Cells. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are liver-specific pericytes that transform into myofibroblasts, which are involved in pathological vascularization in liver fibrosis. We previously suggested that A20 overexpression suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in HSC. We aimed to determine the mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory role of A20 in LX-2 cells. Methods: LX-2 cells were transfected with A20-siRNA or control-siRNA and control adenovirus or A20-carrying adenovirus. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis was employed to quantify mRNA levels of α-SMA, col-I, col-III, IL-6, TGF-β, and PDGF in A20-siRNA LX-2 cells stimulated with LPS. Multiple molecular indices of MAPK/ERK/JNK signal pathway were performed by using Western blotting. Results: Relative to control, the fibrosis-related mRNA levels of α-SMA, col-I, and col-III were increased in A20-siRNA LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, A20-siRNA cells significantly increased IL-6, TGF-β, and PDGF mRNA levels. Relative to controls, stimulating A20 overexpressing LX-2 cells with LPS for 5 and 30 minutes significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated ERK and JNK, respectively. A20 knockdown in LX-2 cells promotes phosphorylated ERK and JNK levels with LPS for 30 minutes. Conclusions: Our data indicate that A20 could be functional in HSCs through the MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway, highlighting a potential novel therapeutic strategy against liver fibrosis.
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14
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Shi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou H, Zhang L. The dual roles of A20 in cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 511:26-35. [PMID: 33933552 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a prototypical anti-inflammatory molecule that is linked to multiple human diseases, including cancers. The role of A20 as a tumor suppressor was first discovered in B cell lymphomas. Subsequent studies revealed the dual roles of A20 in solid cancers. This review focuses on the roles of A20 in different cancer types to demonstrate that the effects of A20 are cancer type-dependent. A20 plays antitumor roles in colorectal carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, whereas A20 acts as an oncogene in breast cancers, gastric cancers and melanomas. Moreover, the roles of A20 in the setting of glioma therapy are context-dependent. The action mechanisms of A20 in different types of cancer are summarized. Additionally, the role of A20 in antitumor immunity is discussed. Furthermore, some open questions in this rapidly advancing field are proposed. Exploration of the actions and molecular mechanisms of A20 in cancer paves the way for the application of A20-targeting approaches in future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Huaiyu Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Shandong Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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15
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Iorga A, Donovan K, Shojaie L, Johnson H, Kwok J, Suda J, Lee BT, Aghajan M, Shao L, Liu ZX, Dara L. Interaction of RIPK1 and A20 modulates MAPK signaling in murine acetaminophen toxicity. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100300. [PMID: 33460648 PMCID: PMC7948960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver necrosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) in which APAP activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and specifically the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, leading to necrotic cell death. Previously, we have shown that receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) knockdown is also protective against APAP RCD upstream of JNK. However, whether the kinase or platform function of RIPK1 is involved in APAP RCD is not known. To answer this question, we used genetic mouse models of targeted hepatocyte RIPK1 knockout (RIPK1HepCKO) or kinase dead knock-in (RIPK1D138N) and adult hepatocyte specific knockout of the cytoprotective protein A20 (A20HepCKO), known to interact with RIPK1, to study its potential involvement in MAPK signaling. We observed no difference in injury between WT and RIPK1D138N mice post APAP. However, RIPK1HepCKO was protective. We found that RIPK1HepCKO mice had attenuated pJNK activation, while A20 was simultaneously upregulated. Conversely, A20HepCKO markedly worsened liver injury from APAP. Mechanistically, we observed a significant upregulation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and increased JNK activation in A20HepCKO mice compared with littermate controls. We also demonstrated that A20 coimmunoprecipitated (co-IP) with both RIPK1 and ASK1, and that in the presence of RIPK1, there was less A20-ASK1 association than in its absence. We conclude that the kinase-independent platform function of RIPK1 is involved in APAP toxicity. Adult RIPK1HepCKO mice are protected against APAP by upregulating A20 and attenuating JNK signaling through ASK1, conversely, A20HepCKO worsens injury from APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iorga
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine Donovan
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Layla Shojaie
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Heather Johnson
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janet Kwok
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jo Suda
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Cedar Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian T Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ling Shao
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhang-Xu Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lily Dara
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Inflammation is triggered by stimulation of innate sensors that recognize pathogens, chemical and physical irritants, and damaged cells subsequently initiating a well-orchestrated adaptive immune response. Immune cell activation is a strictly regulated and self-resolving process supported by an array of negative feedback mechanisms to sustain tissue homeostasis. The disruption of these regulatory pathways forms the basis of chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Ubiquitination, a covalent posttranslational modification of target proteins with ubiquitin, has a profound effect on the stability and activity of its substrates, thereby regulating the immune system at molecular and cellular levels. Through the cooperative actions of E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases, ubiquitin modifications are implicated in several biological processes, including proteasomal degradation, transcriptional regulation, regulation of protein-protein interactions, endocytosis, autophagy, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. A20 (tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 or TNFAIP3) is a ubiquitin-editing enzyme that mainly functions as an endogenous regulator of inflammation through termination of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation as part of a negative feedback loop. A20 interacts with substrates that reside downstream of immune sensors, including Toll-like receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing receptors, lymphocyte receptors, and cytokine receptors. Due to its pleiotropic functions as a ubiquitin binding protein, deubiquitinase and ubiquitin ligase, and its versatile role in various signaling pathways, aberrant A20 levels are associated with numerous conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, Sjögren syndrome, coronary artery disease, multiple sclerosis, cystic fibrosis, asthma, cancer, neurological disorders, and aging-related sequelae. Similarly, A20 has recently been implicated as an essential regulator of inflammation in the oral cavity. This review presents information on the ubiquitin system and regulation of NF-κB by ubiquitination using A20 as a representative molecule and highlights how the dysregulation of this system can lead to several immune pathologies, including oral cavity-related disorders mainly focusing on periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C. Mooney
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S.E. Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Nowak AJ, Relja B. The Impact of Acute or Chronic Alcohol Intake on the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9407. [PMID: 33321885 PMCID: PMC7764163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol misuse is frequently associated with a multitude of profound medical conditions, contributing to health-, individual- and social-related damage. A particularly dangerous threat from this classification is coined as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a liver condition caused by prolonged alcohol overconsumption, involving several pathological stages induced by alcohol metabolic byproducts and sustained cellular intoxication. Molecular, pathological mechanisms of ALD principally root in the innate immunity system and are especially associated with enhanced functionality of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway. NF-κB is an interesting and convoluted DNA transcription regulator, promoting both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory gene expression. Thus, the abundancy of studies in recent years underlines the importance of NF-κB in inflammatory responses and the mechanistic stimulation of inner molecular motifs within the factor components. Hereby, in the following review, we would like to put emphasis on the correlation between the NF-κB inflammation signaling pathway and ALD progression. We will provide the reader with the current knowledge regarding the chronic and acute alcohol consumption patterns, the molecular mechanisms of ALD development, the involvement of the NF-κB pathway and its enzymatic regulators. Therefore, we review various experimental in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the research on ALD, including the recent active compound treatments and the genetic modification approach. Furthermore, our investigation covers a few human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander J. Nowak
- Experimental Radiology, University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Experimental Radiology, University Clinic for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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18
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A20 promotes melanoma progression via the activation of Akt pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:794. [PMID: 32968045 PMCID: PMC7511359 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most life-threatening skin cancer with increasing incidence around the world. Although recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have brought revolutionary progress of the treatment outcome, the survival of patients with advanced melanoma remains unoptimistic, and metastatic melanoma is still an incurable disease. Therefore, to further understand the mechanism underlying melanoma pathogenesis could be helpful for developing novel therapeutic strategy. A20 is a crucial ubiquitin-editing enzyme implicated immunity regulation, inflammatory responses and cancer pathogenesis. Herein, we report that A20 played an oncogenic role in melanoma. We first found that the expression of A20 was significantly up-regulated in melanoma cell lines. Then, we showed that knockdown of A20 suppressed melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and melanoma growth in vivo through the regulation of cell-cycle progression. Moreover, A20 could potentiate the invasive and migratory capacities of melanoma cell in vitro and melanoma metastasis in vivo by promoting epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that Akt activation mediated the oncogenic effect of A20 on melanoma development, with the involvement of glycolysis. What’s more, the up-regulation of A20 conferred the acquired resistance to Vemurafenib in BRAF-mutant melanoma. Taken together, we demonstrated that up-regulated A20 promoted melanoma progression via the activation of Akt pathway, and that A20 could be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Hepatocyte-specific TAK1 deficiency drives RIPK1 kinase-dependent inflammation to promote liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14231-14242. [PMID: 32513687 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005353117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase1 (TAK1) encoded by the gene MAP3K7 regulates multiple important downstream effectors involved in immune response, cell death, and carcinogenesis. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of TAK1 in Tak1 ΔHEP mice promotes liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. Here, we report that genetic inactivation of RIPK1 kinase using a kinase dead knockin D138N mutation in Tak1 ΔHEP mice inhibits the expression of liver tumor biomarkers, liver fibrosis, and HCC formation. Inhibition of RIPK1, however, has no or minimum effect on hepatocyte loss and compensatory proliferation, which are the recognized factors important for liver fibrosis and HCC development. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we discovered that inhibition of RIPK1 strongly suppresses inflammation induced by hepatocyte-specific loss of TAK1. Activation of RIPK1 promotes the transcription of key proinflammatory cytokines, such as CCL2, and CCR2+ macrophage infiltration. Our study demonstrates the role and mechanism of RIPK1 kinase in promoting inflammation, both cell-autonomously and cell-nonautonomously, in the development of liver fibrosis and HCC, independent of cell death, and compensatory proliferation. We suggest the possibility of inhibiting RIPK1 kinase as a therapeutic strategy for reducing liver fibrosis and HCC development by inhibiting inflammation.
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Lv XY, Duan T, Li J. The multiple roles of deubiquitinases in liver cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1647-1657. [PMID: 32642281 PMCID: PMC7339268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer ranks the second leading cause of death associated with cancer in the world and therefore a major public health challenge. The mortality rates of liver cancer has been increasing during the past decades with the reality that the alternative therapeutic drugs are not available. Although growing numbers of proteins involved in liver cancer progression have been identified, many of these are not suitable drug targets, which hinders the development of new drugs to cure liver cancer. It is in urgent demand that novel therapeutic approaches should be explored. Deubiquitinases (DUBs), specifically removing ubiquitin chains from the target protein, have showed vital roles for protein homeostasis and quality control by rigidly regulating the balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination in normal physiology. Recent studies have revealed deregulation or dysfunction of DUBs always associates with cancer and other diseases. Targeting certain DUBs, leading to degradation or loss function of the key oncoproteins, including undruggable ones, seems to provide a potential therapy for cancer patients. In liver cancer, numberous of DUBs are demonstrated to participate in hepatocarcinogenesis, metastasis and so on. Depending on the substrates, some DUBs may suppress liver cancers while others promote. In this review, we primarily summarize the roles of DUBs in liver tumors, and illustrate opportunities for the application of targeting DUBs for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-You Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
| | - Ting Duan
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai, China
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21
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Priem D, van Loo G, Bertrand MJM. A20 and Cell Death-driven Inflammation. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:421-435. [PMID: 32241683 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule, and mutations in TNFAIP3, the gene encoding A20, are associated with a wide panel of inflammatory pathologies, both in human and mouse. The anti-inflammatory properties of A20 are commonly attributed to its ability to suppress inflammatory NF-κB signaling by functioning as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme. However, A20 also protects cells from death, independently of NF-κB regulation, and recent work has demonstrated that cell death may drive some of the inflammatory conditions caused by A20 deficiency. Adding to the fact that the protective role of A20 does not primarily rely on its catalytic activities, these findings shed new light on A20 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Priem
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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22
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de Jesús TJ, Ramakrishnan P. NF-κB c-Rel Dictates the Inflammatory Threshold by Acting as a Transcriptional Repressor. iScience 2020; 23:100876. [PMID: 32062419 PMCID: PMC7031323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB/Rel family of transcription factors plays a central role in initiation and resolution of inflammatory responses. Here, we identified a function of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel as a transcriptional repressor of inflammatory genes. Genetic deletion of c-Rel substantially potentiates the expression of several TNF-α-induced RelA-dependent mediators of inflammation. v-Rel, the viral homologue of c-Rel, but not RelB, also possesses this repressive function. Mechanistically, we found that c-Rel selectively binds to the co-repressor HDAC1 and competitively binds to the DNA mediating HDAC1 recruitment to the promoters of inflammatory genes. A specific point mutation at tyrosine25 in c-Rel's DNA-binding domain, for which a missense single nucleotide variation (Y25H) exists in humans, completely abrogated its ability to bind DNA and repress TNF-α-induced, RelA-mediated transcription. Our findings reveal that the transactivator NF-κB subunit c-Rel also plays a role as a transcriptional repressor in the maintenance of inflammatory homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan James de Jesús
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Parameswaran Ramakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 6526, Wolstein Research Building, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; The Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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23
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Li Y, Mooney EC, Xia XJ, Gupta N, Sahingur SE. A20 Restricts Inflammatory Response and Desensitizes Gingival Keratinocytes to Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:365. [PMID: 32218782 PMCID: PMC7078700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of periodontal disease involves a perturbed immune system to a dysbiotic microflora leading to unrestrained inflammation, collateral tissue damage, and various systemic complications. Gingival epithelial cells function as an important part of immunity to restrict microbial invasion and orchestrate the subsequent innate responses. A20 (TNFAIP3), an ubiquitin-editing enzyme, is one of the key regulators of inflammation and cell death in numerous tissues including gastrointestinal tract, skin, and lungs. Emerging evidence indicates A20 as an essential molecule in the oral mucosa as well. In this study, we characterized the role of A20 in human telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGKs) through loss and gain of function assays in preclinical models of periodontitis. Depletion of A20 through gene editing in TIGKs significantly increased IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in response to Porphyromonas gingivalis infection while A20 over-expression dampened the cytokine production compared to A20 competent cells through modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. In the subsequent experiments which assessed apoptosis, A20 depleted TIGKs displayed increased levels of cleaved caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation following P. gingivalis infection and TNF/CHX challenge compared to A20 competent cells. Consistently, there was reduced apoptosis in the cells overexpressing A20 compared to the control cells expressing GFP further substantiating the role of A20 in regulating gingival epithelial cell fate in response to exogenous insult. Collectively, our findings reveal first systematic evidence and demonstrate that A20 acts as a regulator of inflammatory response in gingival keratinocytes through its effect on NF-κB signaling and desensitizes cells to bacteria and cytokine induced apoptosis in the oral mucosa. As altered A20 levels can have profound effect on different cellular responses, future studies will determine whether A20-targeted therapies can be exploited to restrain periodontal inflammation and maintain oral mucosa tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Erin C Mooney
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,School of Dentistry, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xia-Juan Xia
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nitika Gupta
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sinem Esra Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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24
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Martens A, van Loo G. A20 at the Crossroads of Cell Death, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036418. [PMID: 31427375 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, acting by inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory gene expression and/or by preventing cell death. Mutations in the A20/TNFAIP3 gene have been associated with a plethora of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies in humans and in mice. Although the anti-inflammatory role of A20 is well accepted, fundamental mechanistic questions regarding its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we review new findings that further clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which A20 controls inflammatory signaling and cell death, and discuss new evidence for its involvement in inflammatory and autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Vetters J, van Helden MJ, Wahlen S, Tavernier SJ, Martens A, Fayazpour F, Vergote K, Vanheerswynghels M, Deswarte K, Van Moorleghem J, De Prijck S, Takahashi N, Vandenabeele P, Boon L, van Loo G, Vivier E, Lambrecht BN, Janssens S. The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 controls NK cell homeostasis through regulation of mTOR activity and TNF. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2010-2023. [PMID: 31296735 PMCID: PMC6719426 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of Vetters et al. identifies the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme A20 as a critical regulator of mTOR. Loss of A20 unleashes mTOR activity and induces NK cell death, underscoring the need for a tightly controlled mTOR pathway for proper NK cell homeostasis. The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 is a well-known regulator of immune cell function and homeostasis. In addition, A20 protects cells from death in an ill-defined manner. While most studies focus on its role in the TNF-receptor complex, we here identify a novel component in the A20-mediated decision between life and death. Loss of A20 in NK cells led to spontaneous NK cell death and severe NK cell lymphopenia. The few remaining NK cells showed an immature, hyperactivated phenotype, hallmarked by the basal release of cytokines and cytotoxic molecules. NK-A20−/− cells were hypersensitive to TNF-induced cell death and could be rescued, at least partially, by a combined deficiency with TNF. Unexpectedly, rapamycin, a well-established inhibitor of mTOR, also strongly protected NK-A20−/− cells from death, and further studies revealed that A20 restricts mTOR activation in NK cells. This study therefore maps A20 as a crucial regulator of mTOR signaling and underscores the need for a tightly balanced mTOR pathway in NK cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vetters
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,GROUP-ID Consortium, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary J van Helden
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Wahlen
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Simon J Tavernier
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arne Martens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cellular and Molecular (Patho)physiology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Farzaneh Fayazpour
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,GROUP-ID Consortium, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karl Vergote
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manon Vanheerswynghels
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Deswarte
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Justine Van Moorleghem
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prijck
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Molecular Signaling and Cell Death, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cellular and Molecular (Patho)physiology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille Immunopôle, Marseille, France
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,GROUP-ID Consortium, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sophie Janssens
- Laboratory for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium .,GROUP-ID Consortium, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Yi PS, Shu Y, Bi WX, Zheng XB, Feng WJ, He LY, Li JS. Emerging role of zinc finger protein A20 as a suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21479-21484. [PMID: 31134613 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, is a major public health problem. Zinc finger protein A20 (A20), an acute phase response gene, is a potent inhibitor of NF-κB signaling. A20 serves a critical role in liver protection, including limiting inflammation following hepatic injury, stimulating hepatocyte growth, and preventing hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. A20 is also involved in different processes, including tumorigenesis, progression, and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Accumulated studies have reported the clinical implications and biological relevance of A20 in the development and progression of HCC. The underlying mechanisms of A20 in HCC include inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, protein tyrosine kinase 2 activation and Rac family GTPase 1 activity. Combining liver protection with tumor inhibition is a unique advantage of A20, which has the potential to be a novel treatment for promoting liver regeneration following liver resection in patients with HCC with liver cirrhosis. This review discusses the hepato-protective effect of A20 on hepatocytes and its potential role in cancer development, particularly its suppressor effect on HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sheng Yi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wang Xiu Bi
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Bo Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Wan Jing Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Lin Ye He
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan University, P. R. China
| | - Jian Shui Li
- Department of Hepato-biliary-pancrease and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis of Northeast Sichuan, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P. R. China
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28
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Polykratis A, Martens A, Eren RO, Shirasaki Y, Yamagishi M, Yamaguchi Y, Uemura S, Miura M, Holzmann B, Kollias G, Armaka M, van Loo G, Pasparakis M. A20 prevents inflammasome-dependent arthritis by inhibiting macrophage necroptosis through its ZnF7 ubiquitin-binding domain. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:731-742. [PMID: 31086261 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in the deubiquitinating enzyme A20 causes severe inflammation in mice, and impaired A20 function is associated with human inflammatory diseases. A20 has been implicated in negatively regulating NF-κB signalling, cell death and inflammasome activation; however, the mechanisms by which A20 inhibits inflammation in vivo remain poorly understood. Genetic studies in mice revealed that its deubiquitinase activity is not essential for A20 anti-inflammatory function. Here we show that A20 prevents inflammasome-dependent arthritis by inhibiting macrophage necroptosis and that this function depends on its zinc finger 7 (ZnF7). We provide genetic evidence that RIPK1 kinase-dependent, RIPK3-MLKL-mediated necroptosis drives inflammasome activation in A20-deficient macrophages and causes inflammatory arthritis in mice. Single-cell imaging revealed that RIPK3-dependent death caused inflammasome-dependent IL-1β release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated A20-deficient macrophages. Importantly, mutation of the A20 ZnF7 ubiquitin binding domain caused arthritis in mice, arguing that ZnF7-dependent inhibition of necroptosis is critical for A20 anti-inflammatory function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Polykratis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Remzi Onur Eren
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasaki
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Uemura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Li Y, Mooney EC, Holden SE, Xia XJ, Cohen DJ, Walsh SW, Ma A, Sahingur SE. A20 Orchestrates Inflammatory Response in the Oral Mucosa through Restraining NF-κB Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2044-2056. [PMID: 30760622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated immune response to a dysbiotic resident microflora within the oral cavity leads to chronic periodontal disease, local tissue destruction, and various systemic complications. To preserve tissue homeostasis, inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the progression of periodontitis must be tightly regulated. A20 (TNFAIP3), a ubiquitin-editing enzyme, has emerged as one of the key regulators of inflammation. Yet, the function of A20 in the oral mucosa and the biological pathways in which A20 mitigates periodontal inflammation remain elusive. Using a combination of in vivo and ex vivo disease models, we report in this study that A20 regulates inflammatory responses to a keystone oral bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and restrains periodontal inflammation through its effect on NF-κB signaling and cytokine production. Depletion of A20 using gene editing in human macrophage-like cells (THP-1) significantly increased cytokine secretion, whereas A20 overexpression using lentivirus infection dampened the cytokine production following bacterial challenge through modulating NF-κB activity. Similar to human cells, bone marrow-derived macrophages from A20-deficient mice infected with P. gingivalis displayed increased NF-κB activity and cytokine production compared with the cells isolated from A20-competent mice. Subsequent experiments using a murine ligature-induced periodontitis model showed that even a partial loss of A20 promotes an increased inflammatory phenotype and more severe bone loss, further verifying the critical function of A20 in the oral mucosa. Collectively, to our knowledge, these findings reveal the first systematic evidence of a physiological role for A20 in the maintenance of oral tissue homeostasis as a negative regulator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Erin C Mooney
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Sara E Holden
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Xia-Juan Xia
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - David J Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Scott W Walsh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; and
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sinem E Sahingur
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298; .,Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
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30
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A20 rescues hepatocytes from apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with acute liver failure. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20180316. [PMID: 30446523 PMCID: PMC6328859 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease of acute derangements in the hepatic synthetic function with defects involving innate immune responses, which was reported to be negatively regulated by tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (A20). Herein, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects the A20 protein on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the rat models simulating ALF. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used to simulate ALF in the model rats. Next, the positive expression of A20 and Caspase-3 proteins was measured in liver tissues. Rat hepatocytes were separated and subjected to pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) or A20 siRNA. Additionally, both mRNA and protein levels of A20, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) were determined. Finally, we detected the hepatocyte proliferation, cell cycle entry, and apoptosis. Results: ALF rats displayed a lower positive expression of A20 protein and a higher expression of Caspase-3 protein. Furthermore, A20 was down-regulated, while NF-κB, TRAF6, and RIP1 were all up-regulated in ALF rats. Notably, A20 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The blockade of NF-κB signaling pathway enhanced proliferation and cell cycle progression of hepatocytes, whereas inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes. On the contrary, A20 siRNA reversed the above situation. Conclusion: A20 inhibits apoptosis of hepatocytes and promotes the proliferation through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ALF rats, potentially providing new insight into the treatment of ALF.
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31
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Obesity-Induced TNFα and IL-6 Signaling: The Missing Link between Obesity and Inflammation-Driven Liver and Colorectal Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 11:cancers11010024. [PMID: 30591653 PMCID: PMC6356226 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes the development of numerous cancers, such as liver and colorectal cancers, which is at least partly due to obesity-induced, chronic, low-grade inflammation. In particular, the recruitment and activation of immune cell subsets in the white adipose tissue systemically increase proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). These proinflammatory cytokines not only impair insulin action in metabolic tissues, but also favor cancer development. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on how obesity affects inflammatory TNFα and IL-6 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal cancers.
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32
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Kondylis V, Pasparakis M. RIP Kinases in Liver Cell Death, Inflammation and Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 25:47-63. [PMID: 30455045 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is intrinsically linked to inflammatory liver disease and cancer development. Recent genetic studies have suggested that receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)1 is implicated in liver disease pathogenesis by regulating caspase-dependent hepatocyte apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or other stimuli. In contrast, the contribution of caspase-independent RIPK3/mixed lineage kinase like (MLKL)-mediated hepatocyte necroptosis remains debatable. Hepatocyte apoptosis depends on the balance between RIPK1 prosurvival scaffolding functions and its kinase-activity-mediated proapoptotic function. Several regulatory steps promote the prosurvival role of RIPK1, including phosphorylation and ubiquitination of RIPK1 itself and other molecules involved in RIPK1 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of liver damage by targeting RIPK1 signaling emerges as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent chronic liver inflammation and hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, D-50674 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, D-50931, Cologne, Germany.
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33
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Seo J, Kim MW, Bae KH, Lee SC, Song J, Lee EW. The roles of ubiquitination in extrinsic cell death pathways and its implications for therapeutics. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:21-40. [PMID: 30452908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cell survival and death, including apoptosis and necroptosis, is important for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and disruption of these processes can cause cancer, inflammatory diseases, and degenerative diseases. Ubiquitination is a cellular process that induces proteasomal degradation by covalently attaching ubiquitin to the substrate protein. In addition to proteolytic ubiquitination, nonproteolytic ubiquitination, such as M1-linked and K63-linked ubiquitination, has been shown to be important in recent studies, which have demonstrated its function in cell signaling pathways that regulate inflammation and cell death pathways. In this review, we summarize the TRAIL- and TNF-induced death receptor signaling pathways along with recent advances in this field and illustrate how different types of ubiquitination control cell death and survival. In particular, we provide an overview of the different types of ubiquitination, target residues, and modifying enzymes, including E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Given the relevance of these regulatory pathways in human disease, we hope that a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of cell death pathways will provide insights into and therapeutic strategies for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Wook Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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34
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Genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 in the 6q23 region are associated with liver disease severity in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: A cross-sectional study. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 67:112-120. [PMID: 30336268 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNFAIP3 is a crucial hepatoprotective factor due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidant and pro-regenerative functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 (rs675520, rs9376293 and rs6920220) and liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 215 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients, who underwent a liver biopsy. TNFAIP3 polymorphisms were genotyped using GoldenGate® assay. Outcome variables were: a) liver fibrosis (Metavir score) [fibrosis stage (F0, F1, F2, F3 and F4) and advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis (F ≥ 3 and F4, respectively)]; b) non-invasive indexes [FIB-4, APRI, and their cut-offs (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5)]; c) inflammation-related biomarkers (leptin, HGF, NGF, sFasL, sFas, MIF, HA, Ang-2, TIMP1, MMP1 and MMP2). RESULTS Patients with rs675520 AG/GG genotypes had decreased odds of having cirrhosis (F4) and advanced fibrosis (FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 and APRI≥1.5) [adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) = 0.30 (p = 0.025), aOR = 0.20 (p = 0.014), and aOR = 0.34 (p = 0.017), respectively] and lower levels of FIB-4 and APRI [adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR) = 0.76 (p = 0.003) and aAMR = 0.72 (p = 0.006), respectively]. Patients with rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes had decreased odds of APRI≥1.5 [aOR = 0.39 (p = 0.030)] and lower levels of APRI [aAMR = 0.77 (p = 0.018)]. Patients with rs6920220 AG/AA genotypes had higher odds of having FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 [aOR = 3.72 (p = 0.043)]. Moreover, rs675520 AG/GG genotypes, compared to AA genotype, were associated with lower levels of leptin and NGF (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) and higher levels of sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 (p = 0.004, p = 0.007, p = 0.020 and p = 0.036, respectively). Also, rs9376293 CT/CC genotypes were related to lower leptin levels (p = 0.026) and higher sFas, MIF, TIMP1 and MMP2 levels (p = 0.029, p = 0.040, p = 0.022 and p = 0.024, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants upstream of TNFAIP3 were associated with the liver fibrosis severity and inflammation in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.
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Elevated A20 promotes TNF-induced and RIPK1-dependent intestinal epithelial cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9192-E9200. [PMID: 30209212 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1810584115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) death is a common feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that triggers inflammation by compromising barrier integrity. In many patients with IBD, epithelial damage and inflammation are TNF-dependent. Elevated TNF production in IBD is accompanied by increased expression of the TNFAIP3 gene, which encodes A20, a negative feedback regulator of NF-κB. A20 in intestinal epithelium from patients with IBD coincided with the presence of cleaved caspase-3, and A20 transgenic (Tg) mice, in which A20 is expressed from an IEC-specific promoter, were highly susceptible to TNF-induced IEC death, intestinal damage, and shock. A20-expressing intestinal organoids were also susceptible to TNF-induced death, demonstrating that enhanced TNF-induced apoptosis was a cell-autonomous property of A20. This effect was dependent on Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1) activity, and A20 was found to associate with the Ripoptosome complex, potentiating its ability to activate caspase-8. A20-potentiated RIPK1-dependent apoptosis did not require the A20 deubiquitinase (DUB) domain and zinc finger 4 (ZnF4), which mediate NF-κB inhibition in fibroblasts, but was strictly dependent on ZnF7 and A20 dimerization. We suggest that A20 dimers bind linear ubiquitin to stabilize the Ripoptosome and potentiate its apoptosis-inducing activity.
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Lappas M. A20, an essential component of the ubiquitin-editing protein complex, is a negative regulator of inflammation in human myometrium and foetal membranes. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:628-645. [PMID: 28911210 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does A20 regulate mediators involved in the terminal processes of human labour in primary myometrial and amnion cells? SUMMARY ANSWER A20 is a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) responsive gene that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB-induced expression of pro-labour mediators. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Inflammation is commonly implicated in spontaneous preterm birth and the processes involved in rupture of foetal membranes and uterine contractions. In myometrium and foetal membranes, the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB regulates the transcription of pro-labour mediators in response to inflammatory stimuli. In non-gestational tissues, A20 is widely recognised as an anti-inflammatory protein that inhibits inflammation-induced NF-κB signalling. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Primary human amnion and myometrial cells were used to determine the effect of pro-inflammatory mediators on A20 expression and the effect of A20 siRNA on the expression and secretion of pro-labour mediators. The expression of A20 was assessed in myometrium and foetal membranes from non-labouring and labouring women at preterm and or term (n = 8 or nine samples per group). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The effects of pro-inflammatory mediators and of A20 siRNA in cell cultures were determined by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blots, immunoassays, gelatin zymography and luciferase assays. A20 expression in tissue samples was assessed by qRT-PCR. Statistical significance was ascribed to a P value < 0.05. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In primary cells isolated from myometrium and or amnion, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B and TNF, the bacterial products flagellin and fsl-1, and the viral double stranded RNA analogue poly(I:C) significantly increased A20 mRNA expression via NF-κB. A20 siRNA studies in primary myometrial and amnion cells demonstrated an augmentation of inflammation-induced expression and or secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1A, IL6), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL2), adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1), contraction-associated proteins (PTGS2, PTGFR, PGF2α) and the extracellular matrix degrading enzyme MMP9, as well as NF-κB activation. Inhibition of NF-κB activity significant attenuated inflammation-induced expression of pro-labour mediators in A20 siRNA transfected cells. Finally, A20 mRNA expression was decreased in myometrium and foetal membranes with labour, and in foetal membranes with chorioamnionitis. LARGE SCALE DATA Not applicable. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The conclusions of this study are solely reliant on the data from in vitro experiments using cells isolated from myometrium and amnion. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results of this study raise the possibility that targeting A20 may be a therapeutic approach to reduce inflammation associated with spontaneous preterm birth. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) Associate Professor Martha Lappas is supported by a Career Development Fellowship from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; grant no. 1047025). Funding for this study was provided by the NHMRC (grant no. 1058786), Norman Beischer Medical Research Foundation and the Mercy Research Foundation. There are no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lappas
- Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Xu H, Wang L, Zheng P, Liu Y, Zhang C, Jiang K, Song H, Ji G. Elevated serum A20 is associated with severity of chronic hepatitis B and A20 inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response. Oncotarget 2018; 8:38914-38926. [PMID: 28473659 PMCID: PMC5503582 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is a powerful suppressor for inflammatory response. This study aims to determine A20 level in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and analyze its association with the disease severity. The role of A20 in inflammatory response was further investigated in vivo and in vitro. Our results showed significantly higher A20 in both serum and liver tissues in CHB patients than in health controls. Serum A20 level was positively correlated with ALT, AST and TNF-α. To induce hepatitis with inflammation and liver injury, mice were injected intraperitoneally with D-galactosamine (D-GalN), resulting in rapid increase of A20 in serum and liver tissues. Consistently, HepG2 and Huh-7 cells exposed to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or D-GalN were promoted to express A20. Moreover, overexpression or knockdown of A20 inhibited or increased TNF-α secretion separately. A20 significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression and down-regulated phospho-IκBα and phospho-p65 in both cells. In conclusion, elevated A20 expression is involved in the severity of CHB, suggesting A20 to be a possible serological biomarker for the disease prognosis. Additionally, the inflammatory response is attenuated by A20 through inhibiting NF-κB activity, which partially contributes to the hepato-protective function of this molecule. Thus, up-regulating A20 might be a potential strategy for preventing the progress of CHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaiping Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.,China-Canada Centre of Research for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
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De Witte C, Taminiau B, Flahou B, Hautekiet V, Daube G, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F. In-feed bambermycin medication induces anti-inflammatory effects and prevents parietal cell loss without influencing Helicobacter suis colonization in the stomach of mice. Vet Res 2018; 49:35. [PMID: 29636083 PMCID: PMC5894178 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum inhibitory concentration of bambermycin on three porcine Helicobacter suis strains was shown to be 8 μg/mL. The effect of in-feed medication with this antibiotic on the course of a gastric infection with one of these strains, the host response and the gastric microbiota was determined in mice, as all of these parameters may be involved in gastric pathology. In H. suis infected mice which were not treated with bambermycin, an increased number of infiltrating B-cells, T-cells and macrophages in combination with a Th2 response was demonstrated, as well as a decreased parietal cell mass. Compared to this non-treated, infected group, in H. suis infected mice medicated with bambermycin, gastric H. suis colonization was not altered, but a decreased number of infiltrating T-cells, B-cells and macrophages as well as downregulated expressions of IL-1β, IL-8M, IL-10 and IFN-γ were demonstrated and the parietal cell mass was not affected. In bambermycin treated mice that were not infected with H. suis, the number of infiltrating T-cells and expression of IL-1β were lower than in non-infected mice that did not receive bambermycin. Gastric microbiota analysis indicated that the relative abundance of bacteria that might exert unfavorable effects on the host was decreased during bambermycin supplementation. In conclusion, bambermycin did not affect H. suis colonization, but decreased gastric inflammation and inhibited the effects of a H. suis infection on parietal cell loss. Not only direct interaction of H. suis with parietal cells, but also inflammation may play a role in death of these gastric acid producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë De Witte
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Department of Food Sciences, FARAH, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bram Flahou
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Georges Daube
- Department of Food Sciences, FARAH, Université de Liège, Avenue de Cureghem 10, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Richard Ducatelle
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Fan YC, Zhang YY, Sun YY, Wang N, Xiao XY, Wang K. Altered expression of A20 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with the progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 7:68821-68832. [PMID: 27634895 PMCID: PMC5356592 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A20 is an important negative immune regulator but its role in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still unknown. This present study was to investigate the potential role of A20 gene in the progression of chronic HBV infection. A total of 236 chronic HBV patients were included and consisted of 63 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 87 liver cirrhosis (LC) and 86 chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The mRNA level of A20 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) was performed to determine the diagnostic value of A20 mRNA in different stages of chronic HBV infection. A20 mRNA levels in all HBV patients were significantly higher than healthy controls (n=30), of whom HCC and LC patients showed higher A20 mRNA level than CHB patients. In CHB patients, A20 mRNA was closely associated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin. In LC patients, A20 mRNA was significantly associated with ALT, AST, albumin, haemoglobin and platelet. In HCC patients, elevated A20mRNA was also observed in patients with vascular invasion, liver cirrhosis and ascites, compared with those without. ROC analysis revealed that A20 mRNA could effectively discriminate LC from CHB, decompensated LC from compensated LC, and HCC from CHB. In conclusion, A20 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was associated with dynamic progression of chronic HBV infection. A20 gene might be a potential biomarker to determine the different stages of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Fan
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yan-Yan Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.,Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Wang X, Ai L, Xu Q, Wu C, Chen Z, Su D, Jiang X, Fan Z. A20 Attenuates Liver Fibrosis in NAFLD and Inhibits Inflammation Responses. Inflammation 2018; 40:840-848. [PMID: 28251449 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported A20 was able to inhibit lipid accumulation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. We want to investigate whether A20 influences liver fibrosis in this study. Liver tissues from patients with hepatic fibrosis (n = 9) and healthy individuals (n = 7) were studied for A20 protein level by immunohistochemistry. A20 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein level were also analyzed in two murine hepatic fibrosis models: methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet and extrahepatic bile duct ligation (BDL) operation by real-time PCR and western blot. In vitro, the LX-2 human hepatic stellate cell line was treated by LPS at 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL for 6 h or at the concentration of 0.1 μg/mL for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h, then A20 expression levels were detected by western blot and PCR. The mRNA level of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TLR4 was also examined by PCR. We then overexpressed A20 in LX-2 cells using adenovirus technique. Levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TLR4 were examined in A20-overexpression LX-2 cells. Patients with hepatic fibrosis showed significantly higher A20 protein level compared with healthy controls. A20 mRNA and protein levels were also increased in livers from MCD feeding or BDL operation mice in comparison to normal controls. In LX-2 cells, LPS induced A20 protein in a concentration-dependent manner. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TLR4 were increased after LPS treatment. Overexpression of A20 in LX-2 cells inhibited α-SMA deposition and collagen I, collagen III secretion. TGF-β, IL-6, MCP-1, and TLR4 mRNA levels were also reduced in A20-overexpression LX-2 cells in response to LPS stimulation. A20 overexpression inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation, which could be the mechanism for high A20 expression protected livers from fibrosis. Enhancement of A20 expression seems to be rational therapeutic strategies for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing, 1882 Central-South Road, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luoyan Ai
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Changwei Wu
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Dazhi Su
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Xiaoke Jiang
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Zhuping Fan
- Department of Health Manage Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.160, Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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The deubiquitinating enzyme TNFAIP3 mediates inactivation of hepatic ASK1 and ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat Med 2017; 24:84-94. [PMID: 29227477 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) in hepatocytes is a key process in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and a promising target for treatment of the condition. However, the mechanism underlying ASK1 activation is still unclear, and thus the endogenous regulators of this kinase remain open to be exploited as potential therapeutic targets. In screening for proteins that interact with ASK1 in the context of NASH, we identified the deubiquitinase tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) as a key endogenous suppressor of ASK1 activation, and we found that TNFAIP3 directly interacts with and deubiquitinates ASK1 in hepatocytes. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of Tnfaip3 exacerbated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease- and NASH-related phenotypes in mice, including glucose metabolism disorders, lipid accumulation and enhanced inflammation, in an ASK1-dependent manner. In contrast, transgenic or adeno-associated virus-mediated TNFAIP3 gene delivery in the liver in both mouse and nonhuman primate models of NASH substantially blocked the onset and progression of the disease. These results implicate TNFAIP3 as a functionally important endogenous suppressor of ASK1 hyperactivation in the pathogenesis of NASH and identify it as a potential new molecular target for NASH therapy.
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Su BC, Chen JY. Antimicrobial Peptide Epinecidin-1 Modulates MyD88 Protein Levels via the Proteasome Degradation Pathway. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110362. [PMID: 29144391 PMCID: PMC5706051 DOI: 10.3390/md15110362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cationic antimicrobial peptide epinecidin-1 was identified from Epinephelus coioides and possesses multiple biological functions, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, epinecidin-1 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation by neutralizing LPS and ameliorating LPS/Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 internalization. However, it is unclear whether the actions of epinecidin-1 depend on the regulation of TLR adaptor protein MyD88 or endogenous TLR signaling antagonists, which include A20, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK)-M, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1. Our results demonstrate that epinecidin-1 alone does not affect A20, IRAK-M, or SOCS-1 protein levels. However, pre-incubation of epinecidin-1 significantly inhibits LPS-induced upregulation of A20, IRAK-M, and SOCS-1. In addition, epinecidin-1 significantly reduces the abundance of MyD88 protein. Both MG132 (a specific proteasome inhibitor) and Heclin (a specific Smurf E3 ligase inhibitor) are able to abolish epinecidin-1-mediated MyD88 degradation. Thus, our data suggest that epinecidin-1 directly inhibits MyD88 via induction of the Smurf E3 ligase proteasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Chyuan Su
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan.
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Liu R, Zhao D, Zhang X, Han S, Yang Y, Ma J, Meng D. A20 enhances the radiosensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to 60Co-γ ionizing radiation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93103-93116. [PMID: 29190981 PMCID: PMC5696247 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The radioresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells is a critical obstacle for effectively applying radiotherapy (RT) in HCC treatment. NF-κB, an important transcription factor, can influence critical cell fate decisions by promoting cell survival or anti-apoptosis in response to cell-stress, e.g. chemotherapies or ionizing radiation (IR). A20, also named as tumor necrosis factor α induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is a dominant negative regulator of NF-κB pathway and its functions in HCC are largely unknown. The present work aimed to reveal the role of A20 plays in affecting the radiosensitivity of HCC cells. Higher expression of A20 was detected in hepatic non-tumor cell line or clinical specimens compared with HCC cell lines or clinical specimens. A20 decreased the expression of proteins mediating cellular stress/injury response or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Overexpression of A20 via adenovirus enhanced the effect of 60Co-γ ionizing radiation (IR) on HCC cells’ injury, e.g. G2/M arrest or DNA double strands break (DSB). Moreover, A20 also enhanced the in vitro or in vivo survival inhibiting of HCC cells induced by IR. These results reveal the roles of A20 in HCC radiosensitization and overexpression of A20 would be a novel strategy for HCC radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Dongli Zhao
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Yang
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlu Ma
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
| | - Du Meng
- Department of Radio Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, The People's Republic of China
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Lee JH, Jung SM, Yang KM, Bae E, Ahn SG, Park JS, Seo D, Kim M, Ha J, Lee J, Kim JH, Kim JH, Ooshima A, Park J, Shin D, Lee YS, Lee S, van Loo G, Jeong J, Kim SJ, Park SH. A20 promotes metastasis of aggressive basal-like breast cancers through multi-monoubiquitylation of Snail1. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1260-1273. [DOI: 10.1038/ncb3609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Osako M, Itsumi M, Yamaguchi H, Takeuchi H, Yamaoka S. A20 restores phorbol ester-induced differentiation of THP-1 cells in the absence of nuclear factor-κB activation. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1475-1487. [PMID: 28771803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A20, also referred to as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is an ubiquitin-editing enzyme whose expression is enhanced by NF-κB activation, and plays an important role in silencing NF-κB activity. Another well-known role for A20 is to protect cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis. Depletion of NF-κB in differentiating U937 monocytic leukemia cells is known to cause apoptotic cell death; however, much remains to be explored about the molecules that are expressed in an NF-κB-dependent manner and which support monocyte-macrophage differentiation. Using the monocytic cell line THP-1, and peripheral blood monocytes, we show here a sustained increase in A20 expression during monocyte-macrophage differentiation, which coincided with high NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activity. Depletion of NF-κB by stable expression of a super-repressor form of IκBα in THP-1 cells caused remarkable cell death during phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced differentiation. A20 expression in these cells did not alter this NF-κB suppression, but was sufficient to protect the cells and restore the cell surface expression of a differentiation marker (CD11b) and phagocytic activity. Mutational analyses revealed that this A20 activity requires the carboxy-terminal zinc-finger domain, but not its deubiquitinase activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that A20, when ectopically expressed, can support both survival and differentiation of THP-1 cells in the absence of sustained NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Osako
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoe Itsumi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Fischer JC, Otten V, Kober M, Drees C, Rosenbaum M, Schmickl M, Heidegger S, Beyaert R, van Loo G, Li XC, Peschel C, Schmidt-Supprian M, Haas T, Spoerl S, Poeck H. A20 Restrains Thymic Regulatory T Cell Development. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2356-2365. [PMID: 28842469 PMCID: PMC5617121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining immune tolerance requires the production of Foxp3-expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells in the thymus. Activation of NF-κB transcription factors is critically required for Treg cell development, partly via initiating Foxp3 expression. NF-κB activation is controlled by a negative feedback regulation through the ubiquitin editing enzyme A20, which reduces proinflammatory signaling in myeloid cells and B cells. In naive CD4+ T cells, A20 prevents kinase RIPK3-dependent necroptosis. Using mice deficient for A20 in T lineage cells, we show that thymic and peripheral Treg cell compartments are quantitatively enlarged because of a cell-intrinsic developmental advantage of A20-deficient thymic Treg differentiation. A20-deficient thymic Treg cells exhibit reduced dependence on IL-2 but unchanged rates of proliferation and apoptosis. Activation of the NF-κB transcription factor RelA was enhanced, whereas nuclear translocation of c-Rel was decreased in A20-deficient thymic Treg cells. Furthermore, we found that the increase in Treg cells in T cell–specific A20-deficient mice was already observed in CD4+ single-positive CD25+ GITR+ Foxp3− thymic Treg cell progenitors. Treg cell precursors expressed high levels of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily molecule GITR, whose stimulation is closely linked to thymic Treg cell development. A20-deficient Treg cells efficiently suppressed effector T cell–mediated graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, suggesting normal suppressive function. Holding thymic production of natural Treg cells in check, A20 thus integrates Treg cell activity and increased effector T cell survival into an efficient CD4+ T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Clemens Fischer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Vera Otten
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Kober
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Drees
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Rosenbaum
- Institut für Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schmickl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Heidegger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Inflammation Research Center, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology & Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030; and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Christian Peschel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt-Supprian
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Haas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, 81675 Munich, Germany;
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Pinna F, Bissinger M, Beuke K, Huber N, Longerich T, Kummer U, Schirmacher P, Sahle S, Breuhahn K. A20/TNFAIP3 Discriminates Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Induced NF-κB from JNK Pathway Activation in Hepatocytes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:610. [PMID: 28878689 PMCID: PMC5572400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the liver tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced signaling critically regulates the immune response of non-parenchymal cells as well as proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes via activation of the NF-κB and JNK pathways. Especially, the induction of negative feedback regulators, such as IκBα and A20 is responsible for the dynamic and time-restricted response of these important pathways. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for different TNF-induced phenotypes under physiological stimulation conditions are not completely understood so far. In addition, it is not known if varying TNF concentrations may differentially affect the desensitization properties of both pathways. By using computational modeling, we first showed that TNF-induced activation and downstream signaling is qualitatively comparable between primary mouse hepatocytes and immortalized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In order to define physiologically relevant TNF levels, which allow for an adjustable and dynamic NF-κB/JNK pathway response in parenchymal liver cells, a range of cytokine concentrations was defined that led to gradual pathway responses in HCC cells (1-5 ng/ml). Repeated stimulations with low (1 ng/ml), medium (2.5 ng/ml) and high (5 ng/ml) TNF amounts demonstrated that JNK signaling was still active at cytokine concentrations, which led to dampened NF-κB signaling illustrating differential pathway responsiveness depending on TNF input dynamics. SiRNA-mediated inhibition of the negative feedback regulator A20 (syn. TNFAIP3) or its overexpression did not significantly affect the NF-κB response. In contrast, A20 silencing increased the JNK response, while its overexpression dampened JNK phosphorylation. In addition, the A20 knockdown sensitized hepatocellular cells to TNF-induced cleavage and activity of the effector caspase-3. In conclusion, a mathematical model-based approach shows that the TNF-induced pathway responses are qualitatively comparable in primary and immortalized mouse hepatocytes. The cytokine amount defines the pathway responsiveness under repeated treatment conditions with NF-κB signaling being dampened 'earlier' than JNK. A20 appears to be the molecular switch discriminating between NF-κB and JNK signaling when stimulating with varying physiological cytokine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pinna
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University HospitalAachen, Germany
| | - Michaela Bissinger
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Beuke
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, Centre for Organismal Studies, BioQuant, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Huber
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, Centre for Organismal Studies, BioQuant, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University HospitalAachen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, Centre for Organismal Studies, BioQuant, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Sahle
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, Centre for Organismal Studies, BioQuant, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Molecular Hepatopathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
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Li N, Shi Y, Zhang P, Sang J, Li F, Deng H, Lv Y, Han Q, Liu Z. Association of the tandem polymorphisms (rs148314165, rs200820567) in TNFAIP3 with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population. Virol J 2017; 14:148. [PMID: 28784141 PMCID: PMC5547518 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains an important public health issue. A20, a ubiquitin-editing protein encoded by tumor necrosis factor alpha-inducible protein 3 (TNFAIP3) gene, is complicated in HBV infection and liver injury. The tandem polymorphisms (rs148314165, rs200820567), deletion T followed by a T to A transversion and collectively referred to as TT > A in TNFAIP3, may attenuate A20 expression. Methods The rs148314165 and rs200820567 polymorphisms were examined using PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing in 419 patients with chronic HBV infection, 77 HBV infection resolvers and 175 healthy controls of Chinese Han ethnicity. Results The genotypes and alleles of rs148314165 and rs200820567 polymorphisms determined and the haplotypes constructed were consistently identical, confirming the reliable determination of the TT > A variant. The genotypes of rs148314165 and rs200820567 in HBV patients, HBV infection resolvers and healthy controls are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0. 05). The patients with chronic HBV infection had higher frequency of TT > A variant than healthy controls (6.6% vs. 3.4%; OR, 1.979; 95% CI, 1.046–3.742; P = 0.033). The frequency of TT > A variant between patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma had no significant differences. Conclusions The TT > A variant of TNFAIP3 may be associated with the susceptibility of chronic HBV infection but not the clinical diseases. Studies in large sample size of HBV patient and control populations are required to further clarify the role of this important variant in chronic HBV infection and the disease progression related to the infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0814-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Maternal and Children Health Hospital of Tongchuan, Tongchuan, Shaanxi, 727000, China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Jiao Sang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Huan Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Qunying Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China.
| | - Zhengwen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi' an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China. .,Institute of Advanced Surgical Technology and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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Habibi I, Cheong R, Lipniacki T, Levchenko A, Emamian ES, Abdi A. Computation and measurement of cell decision making errors using single cell data. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005436. [PMID: 28379950 PMCID: PMC5397092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study a new computational method is developed to quantify decision making errors in cells, caused by noise and signaling failures. Analysis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway which regulates the transcription factor Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB) using this method identifies two types of incorrect cell decisions called false alarm and miss. These two events represent, respectively, declaring a signal which is not present and missing a signal that does exist. Using single cell experimental data and the developed method, we compute false alarm and miss error probabilities in wild-type cells and provide a formulation which shows how these metrics depend on the signal transduction noise level. We also show that in the presence of abnormalities in a cell, decision making processes can be significantly affected, compared to a wild-type cell, and the method is able to model and measure such effects. In the TNF—NF-κB pathway, the method computes and reveals changes in false alarm and miss probabilities in A20-deficient cells, caused by cell’s inability to inhibit TNF-induced NF-κB response. In biological terms, a higher false alarm metric in this abnormal TNF signaling system indicates perceiving more cytokine signals which in fact do not exist at the system input, whereas a higher miss metric indicates that it is highly likely to miss signals that actually exist. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability of the developed method for modeling cell decision making errors under normal and abnormal conditions, and in the presence of transduction noise uncertainty. Compared to the previously reported pathway capacity metric, our results suggest that the introduced decision error metrics characterize signaling failures more accurately. This is mainly because while capacity is a useful metric to study information transmission in signaling pathways, it does not capture the overlap between TNF-induced noisy response curves. Cell continuously receives signals from the surrounding environment and is supposed to make correct decisions, i.e., respond properly to various signals and initiate certain cellular functions. Modeling and quantification of decision making processes in a cell have emerged as important areas of research in recent years. Due to signal transduction noise, cells respond differently to similar inputs, which may result in incorrect cell decisions. Here we develop a novel method for characterization of decision making processes in cells, using statistical signal processing and decision theory concepts. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we apply it to an important signaling pathway that regulates molecules which play key roles in cell survival. Our method reveals that cells can make two types of incorrect decisions, namely, false alarm and miss events. We measure the likelihood of these decisions using single cell experimental data, and demonstrate how these incorrect decisions are related to the signal transduction noise or absence of certain molecular functions. Using our method, decision making errors in other molecular systems can be modeled. Such models are useful for understanding and developing treatments for pathological processes such as inflammation, various cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Habibi
- Center for Wireless Information Processing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Raymond Cheong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Tomasz Lipniacki
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5B, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andre Levchenko
- Yale Systems Biology Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Effat S. Emamian
- Advanced Technologies for Novel Therapeutics, Enterprise Development Center, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ali Abdi
- Center for Wireless Information Processing, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Insights into the Role and Interdependence of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4234061. [PMID: 28070230 PMCID: PMC5192343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4234061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The crucial roles of oxidative stress and inflammation in the development of hepatic diseases have been unraveled and emphasized for decades. From steatosis to fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer, hepatic oxidative stress, and inflammation are sustained and participated in this pathological progressive process. Notably, increasing evidences showed that oxidative stress and inflammation are tightly related, which are regarded as essential partners that present simultaneously and interact with each other in various pathological conditions, creating a vicious cycle to aggravate the hepatic diseases. Clarifying the interaction of oxidative stress and inflammation is of great importance to provide new directions and targets for developing therapeutic intervention. Herein, this review is concerned with the regulation and interdependence of oxidative stress and inflammation in a variety of liver diseases. In addition to classical mediators and signaling, particular emphasis is placed upon immune suppression, a potential linkage of oxidative stress and inflammation, to provide new inspiration for the treatment of liver diseases. Furthermore, since antioxidation and anti-inflammation have been extensively attempted as the strategies for treatment of liver diseases, the application of herbal medicines and their derived compounds that protect liver from injury via regulating oxidative stress and inflammation collectively were reviewed and discussed.
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