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Boyer CK, Blom SE, Machado AE, Rohli KE, Maxson ME, Stephens SB. Loss of the Golgi-localized v-ATPase subunit does not alter insulin granule formation or pancreatic islet β-cell function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E245-E257. [PMID: 38265287 PMCID: PMC11193524 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00342.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Delayed Golgi export of proinsulin has recently been identified as an underlying mechanism leading to insulin granule loss and β-cell secretory defects in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Because acidification of the Golgi lumen is critical for proinsulin sorting and delivery into the budding secretory granule, we reasoned that dysregulation of Golgi pH may contribute to proinsulin trafficking defects. In this report, we examined pH regulation of the Golgi and identified a partial alkalinization of the Golgi lumen in a diabetes model. To further explore this, we generated a β-cell specific knockout (KO) of the v0a2 subunit of the v-ATPase pump, which anchors the v-ATPase to the Golgi membrane. Although loss of v0a2 partially neutralized Golgi pH and was accompanied by distension of the Golgi cisternae, proinsulin export from the Golgi and insulin granule formation were not affected. Furthermore, β-cell function was well preserved. β-cell v0a2 KO mice exhibited normal glucose tolerance in both sexes, no genotypic difference to diet-induced obesity, and normal insulin secretory responses. Collectively, our data demonstrate the v0a2 subunit contributes to β-cell Golgi pH regulation but suggest that additional disturbances to Golgi structure and function contribute to proinsulin trafficking defects in diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Delayed proinsulin export from the Golgi in diabetic β-cells contributes to decreased insulin granule formation, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. Here, we explored if dysregulation of Golgi pH can alter Golgi function using β-cell specific knockout (KO) of the Golgi-localized subunit of the v-ATPase, v0a2. We show that partial alkalinization of the Golgi dilates the cisternae, but does not affect proinsulin export, insulin granule formation, insulin secretion, or glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cierra K Boyer
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Sandra E Blom
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Ashleigh E Machado
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kristen E Rohli
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Michelle E Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel B Stephens
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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2
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Cocchiararo I, Cattaneo O, Rajendran J, Chabry F, Cornut M, Soldati H, Bigot A, Mamchaoui K, Gibertini S, Bouche A, Ham DJ, Laumonier T, Prola A, Castets P. Identification of a muscle-specific isoform of VMA21 as a potent actor in X-linked myopathy with excessive autophagy pathogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3374-3389. [PMID: 37756622 PMCID: PMC10695681 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective lysosomal acidification is responsible for a large range of multi-systemic disorders associated with impaired autophagy. Diseases caused by mutations in the VMA21 gene stand as exceptions, specifically affecting skeletal muscle (X-linked Myopathy with Excessive Autophagy, XMEA) or liver (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation). VMA21 chaperones vacuolar (v-) ATPase assembly, which is ubiquitously required for proper lysosomal acidification. The reason VMA21 deficiencies affect specific, but divergent tissues remains unknown. Here, we show that VMA21 encodes a yet-unreported long protein isoform, in addition to the previously described short isoform, which we name VMA21-120 and VMA21-101, respectively. In contrast to the ubiquitous pattern of VMA21-101, VMA21-120 was predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, and rapidly up-regulated upon differentiation of mouse and human muscle precursors. Accordingly, VMA21-120 accumulated during development, regeneration and denervation of mouse skeletal muscle. In contrast, neither induction nor blockade of autophagy, in vitro and in vivo, strongly affected VMA21 isoform expression. Interestingly, VMA21-101 and VMA21-120 both localized to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, and interacted with the v-ATPase. While VMA21 deficiency impairs autophagy, VMA21-101 or VMA21-120 overexpression had limited impact on autophagic flux in muscle cells. Importantly, XMEA-associated mutations lead to both VMA21-101 deficiency and loss of VMA21-120 expression. These results provide important insights into the clinical diversity of VMA21-related diseases and uncover a muscle-specific VMA21 isoform that potently contributes to XMEA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cocchiararo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Cattaneo
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jayasimman Rajendran
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florent Chabry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Cornut
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Soldati
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Bigot
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Kamel Mamchaoui
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, 47 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sara Gibertini
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Muscle Cell Biology Lab, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico “C. Besta”, Via Amadeo 42, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Axelle Bouche
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Ham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 41, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Laumonier
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Prola
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Castets
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1 rue Michel Servet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Lang L, Zheng J, Liang S, Zhang F, Fu Y, Deng K, Li F, Yang X, Wang J, Luo Y, Zhang S, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Zhu C, Shu G, Xi Q, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang S. Browning of Mammary Fat Suppresses Pubertal Mammary Gland Development of Mice via Elevation of Serum Phosphatidylcholine and Inhibition of PI3K/Akt Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16171. [PMID: 38003364 PMCID: PMC10671055 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary fat plays a profound role in the postnatal development of mammary glands. However, the specific types (white, brown, or beige) of adipocytes in mammary fat and their potential regulatory effects on modulating mammary gland development remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of the browning of mammary fat on pubertal mammary gland development and explore the underlying mechanisms. Thus, the mammary gland development and the serum lipid profile were evaluated in mice treated with CL316243, a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, to induce mammary fat browning. In addition, the proliferation of HC11 cells co-cultured with brown adipocytes or treated with the altered serum lipid metabolite was determined. Our results showed that the browning of mammary fat by injection of CL316243 suppressed the pubertal development of mice mammary glands, accompanied by the significant elevation of serum dioleoylphosphocholine (DOPC). In addition, the proliferation of HC11 was repressed when co-cultured with brown adipocytes or treated with DOPC. Furthermore, DOPC suppressed the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, while the DOPC-inhibited HC11 proliferation was reversed by SC79, an Akt activator, suggesting the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway in the DOPC-inhibited proliferation of HC11. Together, the browning of mammary fat suppressed the development of the pubertal mammary gland, which was associated with the elevated serum DOPC and the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.L.); (J.Z.); (S.L.); (F.Z.); (Y.F.); (K.D.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (P.G.); (C.Z.); (G.S.); (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.J.)
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4
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Githaka JM, Pirayeshfard L, Goping IS. Cancer invasion and metastasis: Insights from murine pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130375. [PMID: 37150225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer related mortality. A better understanding of the players that drive the aberrant invasion and migration of tumors cells will provide critical targets to inhibit metastasis. Postnatal pubertal mammary gland morphogenesis is characterized by highly proliferative, invasive, and migratory normal epithelial cells. Identifying the molecular regulators of pubertal gland development is a promising strategy since tumorigenesis and metastasis is postulated to be a consequence of aberrant reactivation of developmental stages. In this review, we summarize the pubertal morphogenesis regulators that are involved in cancer metastasis and revisit pubertal mammary gland transcriptome profiling to uncover both known and unknown metastasis genes. Our updated list of pubertal morphogenesis regulators shows that most are implicated in invasion and metastasis. This review highlights molecular linkages between development and metastasis and provides a guide for exploring novel metastatic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Maringa Githaka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Leila Pirayeshfard
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ing Swie Goping
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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5
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Yang SZ, Peng LT. Significance of the plasma membrane H +-ATPase and V-ATPase for growth and pathogenicity in pathogenic fungi. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 124:31-53. [PMID: 37597947 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungi are widespread and cause a variety of diseases in human beings and other organisms. At present, limited classes of antifungal agents are available to treat invasive fungal diseases. With the wide use of the commercial antifungal agents, drug resistance of pathogenic fungi are continuously increasing. Therefore, exploring effective antifungal agents with novel drug targets is urgently needed to cope with the challenges that the antifungal area faces. pH homeostasis is vital for multiple cellular processes, revealing the potential for defining novel drug targets. Fungi have evolved a number of strategies to maintain a stable pH internal environment in response to rapid metabolism and a dramatically changing extracellular environment. Among them, plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) and vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) play a central role in the regulation of pH homeostasis system. In this chapter, we will summarize the current knowledge about pH homeostasis and its regulation mechanisms in pathogenic fungi, especially for the recent advances in PMA and V-ATPase, which would help in revealing the regulating mechanism of pH on cell growth and pathogenicity, and further designing effective drugs and identify new targets for combating fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Z Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China.
| | - L T Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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6
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Patel OV, Partridge C, Plaut K. Space Environment Impacts Homeostasis: Exposure to Spaceflight Alters Mammary Gland Transportome Genes. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050872. [PMID: 37238741 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters and ion channels that play an indispensable role in metabolite trafficking have evolved to operate in Earth's gravity. Dysregulation of the transportome expression profile at normogravity not only affects homeostasis along with drug uptake and distribution but also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of diverse localized to systemic diseases including cancer. The profound physiological and biochemical perturbations experienced by astronauts during space expeditions are well-documented. However, there is a paucity of information on the effect of the space environment on the transportome profile at an organ level. Thus, the goal of this study was to analyze the effect of spaceflight on ion channels and membrane substrate transporter genes in the periparturient rat mammary gland. Comparative gene expression analysis revealed an upregulation (p < 0.01) of amino acid, Ca2+, K+, Na+, Zn2+, Cl-, PO43-, glucose, citrate, pyruvate, succinate, cholesterol, and water transporter genes in rats exposed to spaceflight. Genes associated with the trafficking of proton-coupled amino acids, Mg2+, Fe2+, voltage-gated K+-Na+, cation-coupled chloride, as well as Na+/Ca2+ and ATP-Mg/Pi exchangers were suppressed (p < 0.01) in these spaceflight-exposed rats. These findings suggest that an altered transportome profile contributes to the metabolic modulations observed in the rats exposed to the space environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman V Patel
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | - Charlyn Partridge
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
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7
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Su K, Collins MP, McGuire CM, Alshagawi MA, Alamoudi MK, Li Z, Forgac M. Isoform a4 of the vacuolar ATPase a subunit promotes 4T1-12B breast cancer cell-dependent tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102395. [PMID: 35988642 PMCID: PMC9508560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is an ATP-dependent proton pump that governs the pH of various intracellular compartments and also functions at the plasma membrane in certain cell types, including cancer cells. Membrane targeting of the V-ATPase is controlled by isoforms of subunit a, and we have previously shown that isoforms a3 and a4 are important for the migration and invasion of several breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Using CRISPR-mediated genome editing to selectively disrupt each of the four a subunit isoforms, we also recently showed that a4 is critical to plasma membrane V-ATPase localization, as well as in vitro migration and invasion of 4T1-12B murine breast cancer cells. We now report that a4 is important for the growth of 4T1-12B tumors in vivo. We found that BALB/c mice bearing a4-/- 4T1-12B allografts had significantly smaller tumors than mice in the control group. In addition, we determined that a4-/- allografts showed dramatically reduced metastases to the lung and reduced luminescence intensity of metastases to bone relative to the control group. Taken together, these results suggest that the a4 isoform of the V-ATPase represents a novel potential therapeutic target to limit breast cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael P Collins
- Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina M McGuire
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammed A Alshagawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariam K Alamoudi
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Forgac
- Department of Pharmacology and Drug Development, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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8
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The a subunit isoforms of vacuolar-type proton ATPase exhibit differential distribution in mouse perigastrulation embryos. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13590. [PMID: 35948619 PMCID: PMC9365772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar-type H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) are large multi-subunit complexes that play critical roles in the acidification of a variety of intracellular or extracellular compartments. Mammalian cells contain four isoforms of the membrane integral subunit a (a1–a4); these isoforms contain the information necessary to target the enzyme to different cellular destinations. They are also involved in regulating the efficiency of ATP hydrolysis and proton transport. Previously, we showed that early embryogenesis requires V-ATPase function, and the luminal acidic endocytic and lysosomal compartments in the visceral endoderm of mouse embryos at the pre-gastrulation stage (E6.5) are essential for both nutrition and signal transduction during early embryogenesis. In this study, we examined the expression and distribution of a subunit isoforms in mouse embryos at E6.5. We found that all four isoforms expressed and exhibited differential distribution in the E6.5 embryo. At this developmental stage, the embryos establish highly elaborate endocytic compartments called apical vacuoles, on which the a3 isoform specifically accumulated.
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9
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VhaAC39-1 regulates gut homeostasis and affects the health span in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2022; 204:111673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2022.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Gray GK, Li CMC, Rosenbluth JM, Selfors LM, Girnius N, Lin JR, Schackmann RCJ, Goh WL, Moore K, Shapiro HK, Mei S, D'Andrea K, Nathanson KL, Sorger PK, Santagata S, Regev A, Garber JE, Dillon DA, Brugge JS. A human breast atlas integrating single-cell proteomics and transcriptomics. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1400-1420.e7. [PMID: 35617956 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The breast is a dynamic organ whose response to physiological and pathophysiological conditions alters its disease susceptibility, yet the specific effects of these clinical variables on cell state remain poorly annotated. We present a unified, high-resolution breast atlas by integrating single-cell RNA-seq, mass cytometry, and cyclic immunofluorescence, encompassing a myriad of states. We define cell subtypes within the alveolar, hormone-sensing, and basal epithelial lineages, delineating associations of several subtypes with cancer risk factors, including age, parity, and BRCA2 germline mutation. Of particular interest is a subset of alveolar cells termed basal-luminal (BL) cells, which exhibit poor transcriptional lineage fidelity, accumulate with age, and carry a gene signature associated with basal-like breast cancer. We further utilize a medium-depletion approach to identify molecular factors regulating cell-subtype proportion in organoids. Together, these data are a rich resource to elucidate diverse mammary cell states.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kenneth Gray
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carman Man-Chung Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer M Rosenbluth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura M Selfors
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nomeda Girnius
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA; The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jia-Ren Lin
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ron C J Schackmann
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Walter L Goh
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaitlin Moore
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hana K Shapiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaolin Mei
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translation Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sandro Santagata
- The Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology (LSP), HMS, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School (HMS), Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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11
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Fang Y, Zheng W, Peng Y, Liu J, Gao J, Tu Y, Sun S, Huang X, She J, Chen C, Xu S, Yue Y. Differentiate Thermal Property of Mammary Glands for Precise Photothermal Therapy. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (MOE) School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Weijie Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Yuxuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (MOE) School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Jianshu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (MOE) School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yi Tu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Xiaona Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (MOE) School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jinjuan She
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Ohio 45056 USA
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China
| | - Shen Xu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai 201620 China
| | - Yanan Yue
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (MOE) School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Miami University Ohio 45056 USA
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12
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Zhang T, Chen S, Peng Y, Wang C, Cheng X, Zhao R, Liu K. NOVA1-Mediated SORBS2 Isoform Promotes Colorectal Cancer Migration by Activating the Notch Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673873. [PMID: 34692669 PMCID: PMC8531477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) can promote cancer development via complex mechanisms. We aimed to identify and verify the hub AS events and splicing factors associated with the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: RNA-Seq data, clinical data, and AS events of 590 CRC samples were obtained from the TCGA and TCGASpliceSeq databases. Cox univariable and multivariable analyses, KEGG, and GO pathway analyses were performed to identify hub AS events and splicing factor/spliceosome genes, which were further validated in five CRCs. Results: In this study, we first compared differentially expressed genes and gene AS events between normal and tumor tissues. Differentially expressed genes were different from genes with differentially expressed AS events. Prognostic analysis and co-expression network analysis of gene expression and gene AS events were conducted to screen five hub gene AS events involved in CRC progression: EPB41L2, CELF2, TMEM130, VCL, and SORBS2. Using qRT-PCR, we also verified that the gene AS events SORBS2 were downregulated in tumor tissue, and gene AS events EPB41L2, CELF2, TMEM130, and VCL were upregulated in tumor tissue. The genes whose mRNA levels were significantly related to the five hub gene AS events were significantly enriched in the GO term of cell division and Notch signaling pathway. Further coexpression of gene AS events and alternative splicing factor genes revealed NOVA1 as a crucial factor regulating the hub gene AS event expression in CRC. Through in vitro experiments, we found that NOVA1 inhibited gene AS event SORBS2, which induced the migration of CRC cells via the Notch pathway. Conclusion: Integrated analysis of gene expression and gene AS events and further experiments revealed that NOVA1-mediated SORBS2 promoted the migration of CRC, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sixia Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changgang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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13
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Ruiz TFR, Taboga SR, Leonel ECR. Molecular mechanisms of mammary gland remodeling: A review of the homeostatic versus bisphenol a disrupted microenvironment. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 105:1-16. [PMID: 34343637 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) undergoes critical points of structural changes throughout a woman's life. During the perinatal and pubertal stages, MG develops through growth and differentiation to establish a pre-mature feature. If pregnancy and lactation occur, the epithelial compartment branches and differentiates to create a specialized structure for milk secretion and nurturing of the newborn. However, the ultimate MG modification consists of a regression process aiming to reestablish the smaller and less energy demanding structure until another production cycle happens. The unraveling of these fascinating physiologic cycles has helped the scientific community elucidate aspects of molecular regulation of proliferative and apoptotic events and remodeling of the stromal compartment. However, greater understanding of the hormonal pathways involved in MG developmental stages led to concern that endocrine disruptors such as bisphenol A (BPA), may influence these specific development/involution stages, called "windows of susceptibility". Since it is used in the manufacture of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, BPA is a ubiquitous chemical present in human everyday life, exerting an estrogenic effect. Thus, descriptions of its deleterious effects on the MG, especially in terms of serum hormone concentrations, hormonal receptor expression, molecular pathways, and epigenetic alterations, have been widely published. Therefore, allied to a didactic description of the main physiological mechanisms involved in different critical points of MG development, the current review provides a summary of key mechanisms by which the endocrine disruptor BPA impacts MG homeostasis at different windows of susceptibility, causing short- and long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Goiânia, Brazil.
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14
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Inhibiting ATP6V0D2 Aggravates Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting NLRP3 Activation via Impairing Autophagic Flux Independent of Notch1/Hes1. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:6670495. [PMID: 33860063 PMCID: PMC8024071 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is still a great challenge for clinical liver partial resection and liver transplantation. The innate immunity regulated by liver macrophages orchestrates the cascade of IR inflammation and acts as a bridge. As a specific macrophage subunit of vacuolar ATPase, ATP6V0D2 (V-ATPase D2 subunit) has been shown to promote the formation of autophagolysosome in vitro. Our research fills a gap which has existed in the study of inflammatory stress about the V-ATPase subunit ATP6V0D2 in liver macrophages. We first found that the expression of specific ATP6V0D2 in liver macrophages was upregulated with the induction of inflammatory cascade after liver IR surgery, and knockdown of ATP6V0D2 resulted in increased secretion of proinflammatory factors and chemokines, which enhanced activation of NLRP3 and aggravation of liver injury. Further studies found that the exacerbated activation of NLRP3 was related to the autophagic flux regulated by ATP6V0D2. Knocking down ATP6V0D2 impaired the formation of autophagolysosome and aggravated liver IR injury through nonspecific V-ATPase activation independent of V-ATPase-Notchl-Hesl signal axis. In general, we illustrated that the expression of ATP6V0D2 in liver macrophages was upregulated after liver IR, and by gradually promoting the formation of autophagolysosomes to increase autophagy flux to limit the activation of liver inflammation, this regulation is independent of the Notch1-Hes1 signal axis.
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15
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Cao X, An J, Cao Y, Lv J, Wang J, Ding Y, Lin X, Zhou X. EMC3 Is Essential for Retinal Organization and Neurogenesis During Mouse Retinal Development. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:31. [PMID: 33605987 PMCID: PMC7900856 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.2.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We used a mouse model to explore the role of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex subunit 3 (EMC3) in mammalian retinal development. Methods The transcription pattern of Emc3 in C57BL/6 mice was analyzed by in situ hybridization. To explore the effects of EMC3 absence on retinal development, the Cre-loxP system was used to generate retina-specific Emc3 in knockout mice (Emc3flox/flox, Six3-cre+; CKO). Morphological changes in the retina of E13.5, E17.5, P0.5, and P7 mice were observed via hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence staining was used to assess protein distribution and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining to assess apoptosis changes. Proteins were identified and quantified by Western blotting and proteomic analysis. Electroretinogram (ERG), fundus color photography, and optical coherence tomography were performed on 5-week-old mice to evaluate retinal function and structure. Results The Emc3 mRNA was widely distributed in the whole retina during development. Loss of retinal EMC3 led to retinal rosette degeneration with mislocalization of cell junction molecules (β-catenin, N-cadherin, and zonula occludens-1) and polarity molecules (Par3 and PKCζ). Endoplasmic reticulum stress and TUNEL apoptosis signals were present in retinal rosette-forming cells. Although the absence of EMC3 promoted the production of photoreceptor cells, 5-week-old mice lost all visual function and had severe retinal morphological degeneration. Conclusions EMC3 regulates retinal structure by maintaining the polarity of retinal progenitor cells and regulating retinal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Cao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong An
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lv
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Ding
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Orzechowska M, Anusewicz D, Bednarek AK. Functional Gene Expression Differentiation of the Notch Signaling Pathway in Female Reproductive Tract Tissues-A Comprehensive Review With Analysis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:592616. [PMID: 33384996 PMCID: PMC7770115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway involves evolutionarily conserved signaling regulating the development of the female tract organs such as breast, ovary, cervix, and uterine endometrium. A great number of studies revealed Notch aberrancies in association with their carcinogenesis and disease progression, the management of which is still challenging. The present study is a comprehensive review of the available literature on Notch signaling during the normal development and carcinogenesis of the female tract organs. The review has been enriched with our analyses of the TCGA data including breast, cervical, ovarian, and endometrial carcinomas concerning the effects of Notch signaling at two levels: the core components and downstream effectors, hence filling the lack of global overview of Notch-driven carcinogenesis and disease progression. Phenotype heterogeneity regarding Notch signaling was projected in two uniform manifold approximation and projection algorithm dimensions, preceded by the principal component analysis step reducing the data burden. Additionally, overall and disease-free survival analyses were performed with the optimal cutpoint determination by Evaluate Cutpoints software to establish the character of particular Notch components in tumorigenesis. In addition to the review, we demonstrated separate models of the examined cancers of the Notch pathway and its targets, although expression profiles of all normal tissues were much more similar to each other than to its cancerous compartments. Such Notch-driven cancerous differentiation resulted in a case of opposite association with DFS and OS. As a consequence, target genes also show very distinct profiles including genes associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, energy metabolism, or the EMT. In conclusion, the observed Notch associations with the female tract malignancies resulted from differential expression of target genes. This may influence a future analysis to search for new therapeutic targets based on specific Notch pathway profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorota Anusewicz
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Peterson TV, Jaiswal MK, Beaman KD, Reynolds JM. Conditional Deletion of the V-ATPase a2-Subunit Disrupts Intrathymic T Cell Development. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1911. [PMID: 31456807 PMCID: PMC6700305 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper orchestration of T lymphocyte development is critical, as T cells underlie nearly all responses of the adaptive immune system. Developing thymocytes differentiate in response to environmental cues carried from cell surface receptors to the nucleus, shaping a distinct transcriptional program that defines their developmental outcome. Our recent work has identified a previously undescribed role for the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in facilitating the development of murine thymocytes progressing toward the CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cell lineages. Vav1Cre recombinase-mediated deletion of the a2 isoform of the V-ATPase (a2V) in mouse hematopoietic cells leads to a specific and profound loss of peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ αβ T cells. Utilizing T cell-restricted LckCre and CD4Cre strains, we further traced this deficiency to the thymus and found that a2V plays a cell-intrinsic role throughout intrathymic development. Loss of a2V manifests as a partial obstruction in the double negative stage of T cell development, and later, a near complete failure of positive selection. These data deepen our understanding of the biological mechanisms that orchestrate T cell development and lend credence to the recent focus on V-ATPase as a potential chemotherapeutic target to combat proliferative potential in T cell lymphoblastic leukemias and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore V Peterson
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Joseph M Reynolds
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.,Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
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18
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Cheng AA, Li W, Hernandez LL. Effect of high-fat diet feeding and associated transcriptome changes in the peak lactation mammary gland in C57BL/6 dams. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:1059-1070. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00052.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy has established adverse effects on the developing neonate. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of an HFD on the murine mammary gland during midlactation. Female C57BL/6J mice were placed on either a low-fat diet (LFD/10% fat) or HFD (60% fat) from 3 wk of age through peak lactation (lactation day 11/L11). After 4 wk of consuming either the LFD or HFD, female mice were bred. There were no significant differences in milk yield between treatment groups, which was measured from L1 to L9. On L10, mice were subjected to an overnight fast and then euthanized on the morning of L11. Total RNA was isolated from inguinal mammary glands for whole transcriptome sequencing. We found 628 genes that were differentially expressed between the treatment groups. Notably, HFD feeding resulted in expression alterations of genes involved in collagen and cytoplasmic components. Additionally, genes related to inflammatory and immune responses were also impacted. Differential expression in gene transcript isoforms between the treatment groups was detected in three genes related to mammary duct development. This study sheds light as to how an HFD may affect the mammary gland transcriptome during midlactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Cheng
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - W. Li
- United States Department of Agriculture Dairy Forage, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - L. L. Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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19
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Mollen EWJ, Ient J, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Boersma LJ, Miele L, Smidt ML, Vooijs MAGG. Moving Breast Cancer Therapy up a Notch. Front Oncol 2018; 8:518. [PMID: 30515368 PMCID: PMC6256059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy, worldwide. Treatment decisions are based on tumor stage, histological subtype, and receptor expression and include combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment. These, together with earlier diagnosis, have resulted in increased survival. However, initial treatment efficacy cannot be guaranteed upfront, and these treatments may come with (long-term) serious adverse effects, negatively affecting a patient's quality of life. Gene expression-based tests can accurately estimate the risk of recurrence in early stage breast cancers. Disease recurrence correlates with treatment resistance, creating a major need to resensitize tumors to treatment. Notch signaling is frequently deregulated in cancer and is involved in treatment resistance. Preclinical research has already identified many combinatory therapeutic options where Notch involvement enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies for breast cancer. However, the benefit of targeting Notch has remained clinically inconclusive. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on targeting the Notch pathway to enhance current treatments for breast cancer and to combat treatment resistance. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms to further exploit Notch-based therapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W J Mollen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ient
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth J Boersma
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A G G Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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20
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Duan X, Yang S, Zhang L, Yang T. V-ATPases and osteoclasts: ambiguous future of V-ATPases inhibitors in osteoporosis. Theranostics 2018; 8:5379-5399. [PMID: 30555553 PMCID: PMC6276090 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPases (V-ATPases) play a critical role in regulating extracellular acidification of osteoclasts and bone resorption. The deficiencies of subunit a3 and d2 of V-ATPases result in increased bone density in humans and mice. One of the traditional drug design strategies in treating osteoporosis is the use of subunit a3 inhibitor. Recent findings connect subunits H and G1 with decreased bone density. Given the controversial effects of ATPase subunits on bone density, there is a critical need to review the subunits of V-ATPase in osteoclasts and their functions in regulating osteoclasts and bone remodeling. In this review, we comprehensively address the following areas: information about all V-ATPase subunits and their isoforms; summary of V-ATPase subunits associated with human genetic diseases; V-ATPase subunits and osteopetrosis/osteoporosis; screening of all V-ATPase subunits variants in GEFOS data and in-house data; spectrum of V-ATPase subunits during osteoclastogenesis; direct and indirect roles of subunits of V-ATPases in osteoclasts; V-ATPase-associated signaling pathways in osteoclasts; interactions among V-ATPase subunits in osteoclasts; osteoclast-specific V-ATPase inhibitors; perspective of future inhibitors or activators targeting V-ATPase subunits in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Biology, Clinic of Oral Rare and Genetic Diseases, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Road, Xi'an 710032, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Tielin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Institute of Molecular Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 West Xianning Road, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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21
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Sahoo M, Katara GK, Bilal MY, Ibrahim SA, Kulshrestha A, Fleetwood S, Suzue K, Beaman KD. Hematopoietic stem cell specific V-ATPase controls breast cancer progression and metastasis via cytotoxic T cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33215-33231. [PMID: 30237863 PMCID: PMC6145706 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of recruited immune effector cells and cancer cells within tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the fate of cancer progression and metastasis. Many cancers including breast cancer, express a specific vacuolar ATPase (a2V) on their cell surface which acidifies the extracellular milieu helping cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. To understand the role of immune cell-associated-a2V during breast tumor pathogenesis, we knocked-out a2V (KO) from the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and generated breast tumors in mice. The a2V-KO mice developed faster growing, larger, and metastatic breast tumors compared to control mice. Further investigation of the TME revealed a significant reduction in the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the a2V-KO tumors. Targeted RNA-Seq of the cells of the TME demonstrated that pro-inflammatory cytokines, death receptors, death receptor ligands, and cytotoxic effectors were significantly down-regulated within the a2V-KO TME. Interestingly, analysis of immune cells in the blood, spleen, and thymus of the non-tumor bearing a2V-KO mice revealed a significant decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations. For the first time, this study demonstrates that inhibition of V-ATPase expression in HSC leads to a decrease in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations and thus promotes breast tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahmood Y Bilal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safaa A Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sara Fleetwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimiko Suzue
- Department of Pathology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Whitton B, Okamoto H, Packham G, Crabb SJ. Vacuolar ATPase as a potential therapeutic target and mediator of treatment resistance in cancer. Cancer Med 2018; 7:3800-3811. [PMID: 29926527 PMCID: PMC6089187 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is an ATP-dependent H+ -transporter that pumps protons across intracellular and plasma membranes. It consists of a large multi-subunit protein complex and influences a wide range of cellular processes. This review focuses on emerging evidence for the roles for V-ATPase in cancer. This includes how V-ATPase dysregulation contributes to cancer growth, metastasis, invasion and proliferation, and the potential link between V-ATPase and the development of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradleigh Whitton
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Haruko Okamoto
- Biological SciencesFaculty of Natural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Graham Packham
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Simon J. Crabb
- Southampton Cancer Research UK CentreUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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23
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Rivera OC, Hennigar SR, Kelleher SL. ZnT2 is critical for lysosome acidification and biogenesis during mammary gland involution. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R323-R335. [PMID: 29718697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00444.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammary gland involution, a tightly regulated process of tissue remodeling by which a lactating mammary gland reverts to the prepregnant state, is characterized by the most profound example of regulated epithelial cell death in normal tissue. Defects in the execution of involution are associated with lactation failure and breast cancer. Initiation of mammary gland involution requires upregulation of lysosome biogenesis and acidification to activate lysosome-mediated cell death; however, specific mediators of this initial phase of involution are not well described. Zinc transporter 2 [ZnT2 ( SLC30A2)] has been implicated in lysosome biogenesis and lysosome-mediated cell death during involution; however, the direct role of ZnT2 in this process has not been elucidated. Here we showed that ZnT2-null mice had impaired alveolar regression and reduced activation of the involution marker phosphorylated Stat3, indicating insufficient initiation of mammary gland remodeling during involution. Moreover, we found that the loss of ZnT2 inhibited assembly of the proton transporter vacuolar ATPase on lysosomes, thereby decreasing lysosome abundance and size. Studies in cultured mammary epithelial cells revealed that while the involution signal TNFα promoted lysosome biogenesis and acidification, attenuation of ZnT2 impaired the lysosome response to this involution signal, which was not a consequence of cytoplasmic Zn accumulation. Our findings establish ZnT2 as a novel regulator of vacuolar ATPase assembly, driving lysosome biogenesis, acidification, and tissue remodeling during the initiation of mammary gland involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Rivera
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen R Hennigar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon L Kelleher
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania
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Pamarthy S, Kulshrestha A, Katara GK, Beaman KD. The curious case of vacuolar ATPase: regulation of signaling pathways. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:41. [PMID: 29448933 PMCID: PMC5815226 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) is a proton pump responsible for controlling the intracellular and extracellular pH of cells. The structure of V-ATPase has been highly conserved among all eukaryotic cells and is involved in diverse functions across species. V-ATPase is best known for its acidification of endosomes and lysosomes and is also important for luminal acidification of specialized cells. Several reports have suggested the involvement of V-ATPase in maintaining an alkaline intracellular and acidic extracellular pH thereby aiding in proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells respectively. Increased expression of V-ATPase and relocation to the plasma membrane aids in cancer modulates key tumorigenic cell processes like autophagy, Warburg effect, immunomoduation, drug resistance and most importantly cancer cell signaling. In this review, we discuss the direct role of V-ATPase in acidification and indirect regulation of signaling pathways, particularly Notch Signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahithi Pamarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Cytokines are required for normal growth and development of the mammary gland and TGF-β prominently represents an established effector of apoptosis, e.g., during involution of the mammary gland. By the control of intracellular signaling pathways, including JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI-3K, and NF-κB, cytokines efficiently regulate cell proliferation and inflammation in the breast. Therefore, cytokines are discussed also in a context of malignant mammary growth. As a group of tissue hormones produced by somatic cells or by cells from the immune system, cytokines are defined by their immunomodulatory potential. Over the past 40 years, multiple cytokines were identified in colostrum and milk. Importantly, cytokines derived from mammary secretions after birth are required for maturation of the immune system in the developing gastrointestinal tract from the suckling. Moreover, recent studies have further assessed the particular interactions between probiotic bacterial strains and cytokines. In light of the increasing prevalence of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal system, the effects of probiotic microorganisms during milk fermentation may have immunotherapeutic potential in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brenmoehl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Ohde
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Wirthgen
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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26
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Katara GK, Kulshrestha A, Mao L, Wang X, Sahoo M, Ibrahim S, Pamarthy S, Suzue K, Shekhawat GS, Gilman-Sachs A, Beaman KD. Mammary epithelium-specific inactivation of V-ATPase reduces stiffness of extracellular matrix and enhances metastasis of breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 12:208-223. [PMID: 29178186 PMCID: PMC5792725 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) critically impacts tumor progression and is influenced by both cancer and host tissue cells. While our understanding of cancer cell ECM remodeling is widespread, the importance of host tissue ECM, which provides initial congenial environment for primary tumor formation, is partly understood. Here, we report a novel role of epithelial cell-associated vacuolar ATPase 'a2' isoform (a2V) in regulating breast tissue ECM stiffness to control metastasis. Using a mammary gland-specific a2V-knockout model, we show that in the absence of a2V, breast tumors exhibit atypically soft tumor phenotype, less tumor rigidity, and necrotic tumor microenvironment. These tumors contain a decreased number of cancer cells at primary tumor site, but showed extensive metastases compared to control. Nanomechanical evaluation of normal breast tissues revealed a decrease in stiffness and collagen content in ECM of a2V-deleted breast tissues. Mechanistically, inhibition of a2V expression caused dispersed Golgi morphology with relocation of glycosyltransferase enzymes to early endosomes in mammary epithelial cells. This resulted in defective glycosylation of ECM proteins and production of compromised ECM that further influenced tumor metastasis. Clinically, in patients with cancer, low a2V expression levels in normal breast tissue correlated with lymph node metastasis. Thus, using a new knockout mouse model, we have identified a2V expression in epithelial cells as a key requirement for proper ECM formation in breast tissue and its expression levels can significantly modulate breast tumor dissemination. Evaluation of a2V expression in normal breast tissues can help in identifying patients with high risk of developing metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arpita Kulshrestha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liqun Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Manoranjan Sahoo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Safaa Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sahithi Pamarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimiko Suzue
- Department of Pathology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.,Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Gajendra S Shekhawat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Lee S, Rivera OC, Kelleher SL. Zinc transporter 2 interacts with vacuolar ATPase and is required for polarization, vesicle acidification, and secretion in mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21598-21613. [PMID: 29114036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.794461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An important feature of the mammary gland is its ability to undergo profound morphological, physiological, and intracellular changes to establish and maintain secretory function. During this process, key polarity proteins and receptors are recruited to the surface of mammary epithelial cells (MECs), and the vesicle transport system develops and matures. However, the intracellular mechanisms responsible for the development of secretory function in these cells are unclear. The vesicular zinc (Zn2+) transporter ZnT2 is critical for appropriate mammary gland architecture, and ZnT2 deletion is associated with cytoplasmic Zn2+ accumulation, loss of secretory function and lactation failure. The underlying mechanisms are important to understand as numerous mutations and non-synonymous genetic variation in ZnT2 have been detected in women that result in severe Zn2+ deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants. Here we found that ZnT2 deletion in lactating mice and cultured MECs resulted in Zn2+-mediated degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), which impaired intercellular junction formation, prolactin receptor trafficking, and alveolar lumen development. Moreover, ZnT2 directly interacted with vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), and ZnT2 deletion impaired vesicle biogenesis, acidification, trafficking, and secretion. In summary, our findings indicate that ZnT2 and V-ATPase interact and that this interaction critically mediates polarity establishment, alveolar development, and secretory function in the lactating mammary gland. Our observations implicate disruption in ZnT2 function as a modifier of secretory capacity and lactation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyeon Lee
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology
| | | | - Shannon L Kelleher
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, .,Surgery, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033 and.,Pharmacology, and.,the Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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28
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Andergassen U, Kölbl AC, Mumm JN, Mahner S, Jeschke U. Triple-negative breast cancer: New therapeutic options via signalling transduction cascades. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3055-3060. [PMID: 28440460 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive type of mammalian carcinoma. It is defined by a rather weak expression of estrogen-, progesterone- and Her2-receptor, and is thus difficult to treat, resulting in low disease-free and overall survival rates of the affected patients. Hence it is important to find new therapeutic options. To this aim we analysed the incidence of some molecules from different signal transduction cascades by immunohistochemistry, which are known to correlate with triple-negative breast cancer, and correlated the expression of these molecules to different tumour traits, such as size, grading, menopausal stage, histology, lymph node affection, remote metastasis formation, and to the incidence of local and lymph node recurrence and metastasis by statistical analysis. Statistically significant correlations were found for a number of tumour characteristics and signalling molecules: HIF1α is correlated to tumour grading, β-catenin to the menopausal state of the patient, and for Notch1 a relation to lymph node affection is seen. In terms of different recurrences, a correlation of β-catenin to metastasis formation and lymph node affection could be shown, as well as coherences between XBP1 and lymph node recurrence, Notch1 and metastasis formation and FOXP3 and the occurrence of local recurrence. The presented results are in accordance with formerly published studies and therefore might comprise opportunities to develop new therapeutical strategies, which could help to handle this aggressive form of breast cancer in a manner, by which side effects would be reduced and therapeutical efficiency is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Andergassen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra C Kölbl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Niclas Mumm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany
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