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Najafi L, Moasses Z, Bahmanpour S. The marijuana, cannabinoids, and female reproductive system. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38754862 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The marijuana is considered as widely used recreational illicit drug that has become popular among women of reproductive age. It is believed that the marijuana use may have negative impacts on the female fertility. However, the exact mechanisms of its reproductive toxicity remain unclear. The studies suggest that the exogenous cannabinoids may interfere with endocannabinoid system and disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis. Consequently, it impacts the female fertility by disruption of normal secretion of ovarian sex hormones and menstrual cycles. However, other studies have shown that medical marijuana is useful analgesic agent for pain management. But, given that the wide range of cannabinoids side effects are reported, it seems that caution should be taken in the recreational use of these substances. In summary, this article aimed to review the possible impacts of marijuana and its derivatives on the main female reproductive organs and embryonic growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najafi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zia Moasses
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soghra Bahmanpour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Dochez-Arnault J, Desdoits-Lethimonier C, Matias I, Evrard B, Lagarrigue M, Toupin M, Lardenois A, Chalmel F, Mazaud-Guittot S, Dejucq-Rainsford N, Gely-Pernot A. Expression of the endocannabinoid system and response to cannabinoid components by the human fetal testis. BMC Med 2023; 21:219. [PMID: 37430350 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis consumption by pregnant women continues to increase worldwide, raising concerns about adverse effects on fetal growth and deleterious impacts on the newborn, in connection with evidence of placental transfer of cannabis compound. Cannabis action is mediated by the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which expression is well established in the brain but unknown in the developing testis. The fetal testis, whose endocrine function orchestrates the masculinization of many distant organs, is particularly sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics. In this context, we aimed to determine whether cannabis exposure has the potential to directly impact the human fetal testis. METHODS We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. RESULTS We demonstrate the presence in the human fetal testis of two key endocannabinoids, 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG) and to a lower level anandamide (AEA), as well as a range of enzymes and receptors for the ECS. Ex vivo exposure of first trimester testes to CBD, THC, or CBD/THC [ratio 1:1] at 10-7 to 10-5 M altered testosterone secretion by Leydig cells, AMH secretion by Sertoli cells, and impacted testicular cell proliferation and viability as early as 72 h post-exposure. Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. Depending on the molecules and testis age, highly deleterious effects of phytocannabinoid exposure were observed on testis tissue after 14 days, including Sertoli and germ cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to evidence the presence of the ECS in the human fetal testis and to highlight the potential adverse effect of cannabis consumption by pregnant women onto the development of the male gonad.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dochez-Arnault
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - C Desdoits-Lethimonier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - I Matias
- Neurocentre Magendie - Inserm, U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - B Evrard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - M Lagarrigue
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | | | - A Lardenois
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - F Chalmel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - S Mazaud-Guittot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - N Dejucq-Rainsford
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France
| | - A Gely-Pernot
- Univ Rennes, Inserm (Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale), EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085 (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail), 9 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, CEDEX, France.
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Zucchi A, Innocenzi E, Onorato A, Dolci S, Colopi A, Balistreri CR, Grimaldi P. PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO CB 2 RECEPTORS AGONIST DIFFERENTIALLY IMPACTS MALE AND FEMALE GERM CELLS VIA HISTONE MODIFICATION. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111840. [PMID: 37385302 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing in the last few years potentially because of decreased perception of the risk of harm. Regardless, recent evidence demonstrated that prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with adverse outcomes. To date there is limited evidence of the impact of cannabis exposure during pregnancy on the reproductive health of the offspring. The biological effects of cannabis are mediated by two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2. We previously demonstrated that CB2 is highly expressed in mouse male and female fetal germ cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to a selective CB2 agonist, JWH-133, on the long-term reproductive health of male and female offspring and on the involved molecular epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, we focused on epigenetic histone modifications that can silence or activate gene expression, playing a pivotal role in cell differentiation. We reported that prenatal activation of CB2 has a sex-specific impact on germ cell development of the offspring. In male it determines a delay of germ cell differentiation coinciding with an enrichment of H3K27me3, while in female it causes a reduction of the follicles number through an increased apoptotic process not linked to modified H3K27me3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Zucchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Innocenzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Onorato
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ambra Colopi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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4
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Rossi G, Di Nisio V, Chiominto A, Cecconi S, Maccarrone M. Endocannabinoid System Components of the Female Mouse Reproductive Tract Are Modulated during Reproductive Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087542. [PMID: 37108704 PMCID: PMC10144466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) system has gained ground as a key modulator of several female fertility-related processes, under physiological/pathological conditions. Nevertheless, its modulation during reproductive aging remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels of the main receptors (cannabinoid receptor 1,CB1; cannabinoid receptor 2, CB2; G-protein coupled receptor, GPR55; and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel, TRPV1) and metabolic enzymes (N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D, NAPE-PLD; fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAAH; monoacylglycerol lipase, MAGL; and diacylglycerol lipase, DAGL-α and -β) of this system in the ovaries, oviducts, and uteri of mice at prepubertal, adult, late reproductive, and post-reproductive stages through quantitative ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The ELISA showed that among the receptors, TRPV1 had the highest expression and significantly increased during aging. Among the enzymes, NAPE-PLD, FAAH, and DAGL-β were the most expressed in these organs at all ages, and increased age-dependently. Immunohistochemistry revealed that, regardless of age, NAPE-PLD and FAAH were mainly found in the epithelial cells facing the lumen of the oviduct and uteri. Moreover, in ovaries, NAPE-PLD was predominant in the granulosa cells, while FAAH was sparse in the stromal compartment. Of note, the age-dependent increase in TRPV1 and DAGL-β could be indicative of increased inflammation, while that of NAPE-PLD and FAAH could suggest the need to tightly control the levels of the eCB anandamide at late reproductive age. These findings offer new insights into the role of the eCB system in female reproduction, with potential for therapeutic exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
- European Center of Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00164 Rome, Italy
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5
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Thangaraj SV, Kachman M, Halloran KM, Sinclair KD, Lea R, Bellingham M, Evans NP, Padmanabhan V. Developmental programming: Preconceptional and gestational exposure of sheep to a real-life environmental chemical mixture alters maternal metabolome in a fetal sex-specific manner. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161054. [PMID: 36565874 PMCID: PMC10322214 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Everyday, humans are exposed to a mixture of environmental chemicals some of which have endocrine and/or metabolism disrupting actions which may contribute to non-communicable diseases. The adverse health impacts of real-world chemical exposure, characterized by chronic low doses of a mixture of chemicals, are only recently emerging. Biosolids derived from human waste represent the environmental chemical mixtures humans are exposed to in real life. Prior studies in sheep have shown aberrant reproductive and metabolic phenotypes in offspring after maternal biosolids exposure. OBJECTIVE To determine if exposure to biosolids perturbs the maternal metabolic milieu of pregnant ewes, in a fetal sex-specific manner. METHODS Ewes were grazed on inorganic fertilizer (Control) or biosolids-treated pastures (BTP) from before mating and throughout gestation. Plasma from pregnant ewes (Control n = 15, BTP n = 15) obtained mid-gestation were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics. Metabolites were identified using Agilent MassHunter. Multivariate analyses were done using MetaboAnalyst 5.0 and confirmed using SIMCA. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analysis of 2301 annotated metabolites identified 193 differentially abundant metabolites (DM) between control and BTP sheep. The DM primarily belonged to the super-class of lipids and organic acids. 15-HeTrE, oleamide, methionine, CAR(3:0(OH)) and pyroglutamic acid were the top DM and have been implicated in the regulation of fetal growth and development. Fetal sex further exacerbated differences in metabolite profiles in the BTP group. The organic acids class of metabolites was abundant in animals with male fetuses. Prenol lipid, sphingolipid, glycerolipid, alkaloid, polyketide and benzenoid classes showed fetal sex-specific responses to biosolids. DISCUSSION Our study illustrates that exposure to biosolids significantly alters the maternal metabolome in a fetal sex-specific manner. The altered metabolite profile indicates perturbations to fatty acid, arginine, branched chain amino acid and one‑carbon metabolism. These factors are consistent with, and likely contribute to, the adverse phenotypic outcomes reported in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Thangaraj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M Kachman
- MM BRCF Metabolomics Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K M Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K D Sinclair
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - R Lea
- University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - M Bellingham
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - N P Evans
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - V Padmanabhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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6
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Barchi M, Guida E, Dolci S, Rossi P, Grimaldi P. Endocannabinoid system and epigenetics in spermatogenesis and testicular cancer. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 122:75-106. [PMID: 36863802 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, male germ cell development starts during fetal life and is carried out in postnatal life with the formation of sperms. Spermatogenesis is the complex and highly orderly process during which a group of germ stem cells is set at birth, starts to differentiate at puberty. It proceeds through several stages: proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis and it is strictly regulated by a complex network of hormonal, autocrine and paracrine factors and it is associated with a unique epigenetic program. Altered epigenetic mechanisms or inability to respond to these factors can impair the correct process of germ development leading to reproductive disorders and/or testicular germ cell cancer. Among factors regulating spermatogenesis an emerging role is played by the endocannabinoid system (ECS). ECS is a complex system comprising endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), their synthetic and degrading enzymes, and cannabinoid receptors. Mammalian male germ cells have a complete and active ECS which is modulated during spermatogenesis and that crucially regulates processes such as germ cell differentiation and sperm functions. Recently, cannabinoid receptor signaling has been reported to induce epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA expression. Epigenetic modifications may also affect the expression and function of ECS elements, highlighting the establishment of a complex mutual interaction. Here, we describe the developmental origin and differentiation of male germ cells and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) focusing on the interplay between ECS and epigenetic mechanisms involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barchi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Guida
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Dolci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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7
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Sperm DNA methylation alterations from cannabis extract exposure are evident in offspring. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:33. [PMID: 36085240 PMCID: PMC9463823 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cannabis legalization is expanding and men are the predominant users. We have limited knowledge about how cannabis impacts sperm and whether the effects are heritable.
Results
Whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data were generated for sperm of rats exposed to: (1) cannabis extract (CE) for 28 days, then 56 days of vehicle only (~ one spermatogenic cycle); (2) vehicle for 56 days, then 28 days of CE; or (3) vehicle only. Males were then mated with drug-naïve females to produce F1 offspring from which heart, brain, and sperm tissues underwent analyses. There were 3321 nominally significant differentially methylated CpGs in F0 sperm identified via WGBS with select methylation changes validated via bisulfite pyrosequencing. Significant methylation changes validated in F0 sperm of the exposed males at the gene 2-Phosphoxylose Phosphatase 1 (Pxylp1) were also detectable in their F1 sperm but not in controls. Changes validated in exposed F0 sperm at Metastasis Suppressor 1-Like Protein (Mtss1l) were also present in F1 hippocampal and nucleus accumbens (NAc) of the exposed group compared to controls. For Mtss1l, a significant sex-specific relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression was demonstrated in the F1 NAc. Phenotypically, rats born to CSE-exposed fathers exhibited significant cardiomegaly relative to those born to control fathers.
Conclusions
This is the first characterization of the effect of cannabis exposure on the entirety of the rat sperm methylome. We identified CE-associated methylation changes across the sperm methylome, some of which persisted despite a “washout” period. Select methylation changes validated via bisulfite pyrosequencing, and genes associated with methylation changes were involved in early developmental processes. Preconception CE exposure is associated with detectable changes in offspring DNA methylation that are functionally related to changes in gene expression and cardiomegaly.
These results support that paternal preconception exposure to cannabis can influence offspring outcomes.
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Martínez-Peña AA, Lee K, Pereira M, Ayyash A, Petrik JJ, Hardy DB, Holloway AC. Prenatal Exposure to Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Alters the Expression of miR-122-5p and Its Target Igf1r in the Adult Rat Ovary. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148000. [PMID: 35887347 PMCID: PMC9323798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As cannabis use during pregnancy increases, it is important to understand its effects on the developing fetus. Particularly, the long-term effects of its psychoactive component, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on the offspring’s reproductive health are not fully understood. This study examined the impact of gestational THC exposure on the miRNA profile in adult rat ovaries and the possible consequences on ovarian health. Prenatal THC exposure resulted in the differential expression of 12 out of 420 evaluated miRNAs. From the differentially expressed miRNAs, miR-122-5p, which is highly conserved among species, was the only upregulated target and had the greatest fold change. The upregulation of miR-122-5p and the downregulation of its target insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf1r) were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Prenatally THC-exposed ovaries had decreased IGF-1R-positive follicular cells and increased follicular apoptosis. Furthermore, THC decreased Igf1r expression in ovarian explants and granulosa cells after 48 h. As decreased IGF-1R has been associated with diminished ovarian health and fertility, we propose that these THC-induced changes may partially explain the altered ovarian follicle dynamics observed in THC-exposed offspring. Taken together, our data suggests that prenatal THC exposure may impact key pathways in the developing ovary, which could lead to subfertility or premature reproductive senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annia A. Martínez-Peña
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - Kendrick Lee
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Madison Pereira
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Ahmed Ayyash
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
| | - James J. Petrik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (M.P.); (J.J.P.)
| | - Daniel B. Hardy
- The Children’s Health Research Institute, The Lawson Health Research Institute, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada; (K.L.); (D.B.H.)
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (A.A.M.-P.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(905)-525-9140 (ext. 22130)
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9
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Misner MJ, Taborek A, Dufour J, Sharifi L, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Effects of Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on Oocyte Competence and Early Embryonic Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:647918. [PMID: 35295104 PMCID: PMC8915882 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.647918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent changes in legal status and public perception of cannabis have contributed to an increase use amongst women of reproductive age. Concurrently, there is inadequate evidence-based knowledge to guide clinical practice regarding cannabis and its effects on fertility and early embryonic development. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), during oocyte maturation, and its impact on the developing embryo. Bovine oocytes were matured in vitro for 24 h under clinically relevant doses of THC mimicking plasma levels achieved after therapeutic (0.032 μM) and recreational (0.32 and 3.2 μM) cannabis use. THC-treated oocytes were assessed for development and quality parameters at both the oocyte and embryo level. Characteristics of oocytes treated with cannabinoid receptor antagonists were also assessed. Oocytes treated with 0.32 and 3.2 μM THC, were significantly less likely to reach metaphase II (p < 0.01) and consequently had lower cleavage rates at day 2 post-fertilization (p < 0.0001). Treatment with cannabinoid receptor antagonists restored this effect (p < 0.05). Oocytes that did reach MII showed no differences in spindle morphology. Oocytes treated with 0.032 μM THC had significantly lower connexin mRNA (p < 0.05) (correlated with decreased quality), but this was not confirmed at the protein level. At the blastocyst stage there were no significant differences in developmental rates or the proportion of trophectoderm to inner cell mass cells between the control and treatment groups. These blastocysts, however, displayed an increased level of apoptosis in the 0.32 and 3.2 μM groups (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest a possible disruptive effect of cannabis on oocyte maturation and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Misner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Afton Taborek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jaustin Dufour
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lea Sharifi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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10
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Carvalho RK, Rocha TL, Fernandes FH, Gonçalves BB, Souza MR, Araújo AA, Barbosa CC, Silva DM, Campos HM, Tomazett MV, Ghedini PC, Guimarães FS, Andersen ML, Santos FCA, Mazaro-Costa R. Decreasing sperm quality in mice subjected to chronic cannabidiol exposure: New insights of cannabidiol-mediated male reproductive toxicity. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 351:109743. [PMID: 34774840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural cannabinoid present in the Cannabis sativa plant, widely prescribed as an anticonvulsant drug, especially for pediatric use. However, its effects on male reproduction are still little investigated. Therefore, the present study assessed the effects of CBD on the spermatogenesis and sperm quality. For this, twenty-one-day-old Swiss mice received CBD for 34 consecutive days by gavage at doses of either 15 or 30 mg/kg. Chronic exposure to CBD decreased the frequency of stages VII-VIII and XII of spermatogenesis and an increase in the frequency of stage IX were noted. Furthermore, the seminiferous epithelium height reduced at stage IX and increased at stage XII in both CBD-treated groups. There was a significant rise of sperm DNA damage, while no genotoxic effects were observed in leukocytes. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased, while malondialdehyde levels increased in the sperm of mice treated with a higher dose of CBD. Mice exposed to 30 mg/kg of CBD showed a reduction in the mobile spermatozoa percentage and in curvilinear velocity, while straight line and average path velocity decreased in both treated groups. The number of acrosome-intact spermatozoa declined in the CBD 30 group, and the number of abnormal acrosomes raised in both CBD groups. On the other hand, the weight of reproductive organs, sperm count, and hormone levels were not affected by CBD treatment. These findings show that dysregulation of the endocannabinoid system by CBD can reduce sperm quality. The mechanisms responsible may be associated with disorders during spermatogenesis, especially during the final stages of nuclear remodelling and assembly of acrosome. However, changes in mitochondrial function, as well as the reduction on the antioxidant enzyme activities during epididymal transit, at least partly, may also be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata K Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Thiago L Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fábio H Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Toxicogenomic and Nutrigenomic, Medical School, State University of São Paulo, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Maingredy R Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Amanda A Araújo
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Caio C Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Silva
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Mutagenesis, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Hericles M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariana V Tomazett
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Ghedini
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemistry Pharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Department of Psychobiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy Applied to Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Renata Mazaro-Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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11
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The Impact of Early Life Exposure to Cannabis: The Role of the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168576. [PMID: 34445282 PMCID: PMC8395329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy has continued to rise, particularly in developed countries, as a result of the trend towards legalization and lack of consistent, evidence-based knowledge on the matter. While there is conflicting data regarding whether cannabis use during pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes such as stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, or increased admission to neonatal intensive care units, investigations into long-term effects on the offspring’s health are limited. Historically, studies have focused on the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on the offspring. The effects of cannabis on other physiological aspects of the developing fetus have received less attention. Importantly, our knowledge about cannabinoid signaling in the placenta is also limited. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is present at early stages of development and represents a potential target for exogenous cannabinoids in utero. The ECS is expressed in a broad range of tissues and influences a spectrum of cellular functions. The aim of this review is to explore the current evidence surrounding the effects of prenatal exposure to cannabinoids and the role of the ECS in the placenta and the developing fetus.
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12
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Hashiesh HM, Sharma C, Goyal SN, Jha NK, Ojha S. Pharmacological Properties, Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanisms of JWH133, a CB2 Receptor-Selective Agonist. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:702675. [PMID: 34393784 PMCID: PMC8363263 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.702675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system has attracted attention as a pharmacological target for several pathological conditions. Cannabinoid (CB2)-selective agonists have been the focus of pharmacological studies because modulation of the CB2 receptor (CB2R) can be useful in the treatment of pain, inflammation, arthritis, addiction, and cancer among other possible therapeutic applications while circumventing CNS-related adverse effects. Increasing number of evidences from different independent preclinical studies have suggested new perspectives on the involvement of CB2R signaling in inflammation, infection and immunity, thus play important role in cancer, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and metabolic diseases. JWH133 is a synthetic agonist with high CB2R selectivity and showed to exert CB2R mediated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, nephroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. Cumulative evidences suggest that JWH133 protects against hepatic injury, renal injury, cardiotoxicity, fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer as well as against oxidative damage and inflammation, inhibits fibrosis and apoptosis, and acts as an immunosuppressant. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the polypharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of JWH133. This review also presents molecular mechanism and signaling pathways of JWH133 under various pathological conditions except neurological diseases. Based on the available data, this review proposes the possibilities of developing JWH133 as a promising therapeutic agent; however, further safety and toxicity studies in preclinical studies and clinical trials in humans are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,Zayed Bin Sultan Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Kuzma-Hunt AG, Truong VB, Favetta LA. Glucocorticoids, Stress and Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during Early Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7289. [PMID: 34298908 PMCID: PMC8307766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated molecular stress in women is known to have negative impacts on the reproductive development of oocytes and the embryos prior to implantation. In recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use among women of reproductive age has risen due to its ability to relieve psychological stress and nausea, which are mediated by its psychoactive component, ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although cannabis is the most popular recreational drug of the 21st century, much is unknown about its influence on molecular stress in reproductive tissues. The current literature has demonstrated that THC causes dose- and time-dependent alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, which have the potential to compromise morphology, development, and quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there are inconsistencies across studies regarding the mechanisms for THC-dependent changes in stress hormones and how either compounds may drive or arrest development. Factors such as variability between animal models, physiologically relevant doses, and undiscovered downstream gene targets of both glucocorticoids and THC could account for such inconsistencies. This review evaluates the results of studies which have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on reproductive development and how THC may alter stress signaling in relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A. Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.G.K.-H.); (V.B.T.)
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14
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Fuchs Weizman N, Wyse BA, Szaraz P, Defer M, Jahangiri S, Librach CL. Cannabis alters epigenetic integrity and endocannabinoid signalling in the human follicular niche. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1922-1931. [PMID: 33954787 PMCID: PMC8213445 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do phytocannabinoids (PCs) affect follicular endocannabinoid signalling and the epigenome in the surrounding granulosa cells (GCs)? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure to PCs increases the expression of endocannabinoid receptors and reduces DNA methylation enzyme expression and global DNA methylation in naïve GCs. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Cannabis plant derivatives, known as PCs, are used for medicinal and recreational purposes. The main PC, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is the third most commonly used substance by women of childbearing age, hence knowledge of the effect it has on reproduction is of utmost importance. THC exerts its effects via receptors of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and can interfere with folliculogenesis, oocyte development and ovulation. Endocannabinoids have been measured in follicular fluid (FF) obtained during oocyte retrieval and are implicated in controlling folliculogenesis. It has been established that in the placenta, PCs disrupt endocannabinoid homeostasis via impairment of the synthetic and degrading enzymes, leading to a net increase of endocannabinoid levels. Finally, previous studies have shown that THC alters methylation and histone modifications in sperm, brain and blood cells. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study included an in vivo cohort assessment of cannabis exposure and its effects on the follicle and in vitro assays conducted to validate the in vivo findings and to explore possible mechanisms of action. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS A total of 318 FF samples, from 261 patients undergoing IVF treatment at a private fertility clinic who consented for biobanking biological waste material between January 2018 and July 2019, were included in this study. Concentrations of PCs and endocannabinoids were assessed in FF by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Exposure to PCs was determined based on these measured levels. Levels of both endocannabinoid receptors (CB1R, CB2R) and the de novo DNA methylating enzyme, DNMT3b, in GCs were assessed by flow cytometry both in vitro and in vivo and global DNA methylation was assessed in vitro by ELISA. In vivo effects were assessed by comparing samples positive for at least one PC, with samples negative for all measured PCs. In vitro effects were determined in naive GCs, obtained concurrently with FF samples that had tested negative for all PCs. These GCs were treated with different combinations of the main three PCs. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Overall, 17 patients (6.4%) were positive for cannabis consumption. Furthermore, the prevalence of cannabis positivity in the FF increased from 4% of the tested samples that were collected prior to national legalisation in October 2018 to 12% of those collected following legalisation. Of note, 59% of patients who tested positive for PCs (10 of 17) reported previous or ongoing exposure to cannabis upon their initial intake. Endocannabinoid levels were not affected by the presence of PCs. CB2R was more prevalent than CB1R in GCs and its expression increased following acute and chronic in vitro exposure to PCs. The expression of DNMT3b and global methylation decreased following exposure, suggesting that cannabis may affect the epigenome in the follicular niche. The acute changes were sustained throughout chronic treatment. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Our study is limited by lack of details regarding mode, frequency and timing of PC consumption. Moreover, we were not able to adequately assess the effect of PCs on immediate or long-term clinical outcomes, due to the small sample size and the lack of follow up. Future, large-scale studies should focus on assess the clinical implications of cannabis exposure, validate our findings, and determine to what extent cannabis affects the epigenome ovarian follicle and the developing oocyte. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS To our knowledge, this is the first study measuring PCs in FF by LC-MS/MS. We show that consuming cannabis alters the ECS in the developing follicle, and directly affects DNMT expression and global DNA methylation levels. Cannabis legalisation and use is increasing worldwide, therefore further understanding its role in female fertility and folliculogenesis is critical. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) All funding was provided by CReATe Fertility Centre through the reinvestment of clinical earnings. The authors declare no competing interests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sahar Jahangiri
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,CReATe BioBank, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clifford L Librach
- CReATe Fertility Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.,CReATe BioBank, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Gestational exposure to Δ 9-THC impacts ovarian follicular dynamics and angiogenesis in adulthood in Wistar rats. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:865-869. [PMID: 33407988 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With the legalization of marijuana (Cannabis sativa) and increasing use during pregnancy, it is important to understand its impact on exposed offspring. Specifically, the effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), the major psychoactive component of cannabis, on fetal ovarian development and long-term reproductive health are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC on ovarian health in adult rat offspring. At 6 months of age, Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had accelerated folliculogenesis with apparent follicular development arrest, but no persistent effects on circulating steroid levels. Ovaries from Δ9-THC-exposed offspring had reduced blood vessel density in association with decreased expression of the pro-angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor VEGFR-2, as well as an increase in the anti-angiogenic factor thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1). Collectively, these data suggest that exposure to Δ9-THC during pregnancy alters follicular dynamics during postnatal life, which may have long-lasting detrimental effects on female reproductive health.
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16
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Taylor AH, Tortolani D, Ayakannu T, Konje JC, Maccarrone M. (Endo)Cannabinoids and Gynaecological Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E37. [PMID: 33375539 PMCID: PMC7795647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynaecological cancers can be primary neoplasms, originating either from the reproductive tract or the products of conception, or secondary neoplasms, representative of metastatic disease. For some of these cancers, the exact causes are unknown; however, it is recognised that the precise aetiopathogeneses for most are multifactorial and include exogenous (such as diet) and endogenous factors (such as genetic predisposition), which mutually interact in a complex manner. One factor that has been recognised to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gynaecological cancers is the endocannabinoid system (ECS). The ECS consists of endocannabinoids (bioactive lipids), their receptors, and metabolic enzymes responsible for their synthesis and degradation. In this review, the impact of plant-derived (Cannabis species) cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on gynaecological cancers will be discussed within the context of the complexity of the proteins that bind, transport, and metabolise these compounds in reproductive and other tissues. In particular, the potential of endocannabinoids, their receptors, and metabolic enzymes as biomarkers of specific cancers, such as those of the endometrium, will be addressed. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of targeting selected elements of the ECS as new action points for the development of innovative drugs will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H. Taylor
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Daniel Tortolani
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy;
| | - Thangesweran Ayakannu
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
- Gynaecology Oncology Cancer Centre, Liverpool Women’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool Women’s Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, UK
| | - Justin C. Konje
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Reproductive Sciences Section, Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; (A.H.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Centre for Brain Research, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00164 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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17
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Dumont L, Rives-Feraille A, Delessard M, Saulnier J, Rondanino C, Rives N. Activation of the cannabinoid receptor type 2 by the agonist JWH133 promotes the first wave of in vitro spermatogenesis. Andrology 2020; 9:673-688. [PMID: 33112479 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncological procedures have irreversible side effects on germ cells for childhood cancer survival boys. In vitro culture of prepubertal testicular tissue has been proposed to restore fertility; however, recent data on animal models showed that meiotic and post-meiotic progression was impaired. OBJECTIVES As potential key inducers of the mitosis-meiosis switch, type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2 ) has been proposed to play a central role in the meiotic entry of male germ cells. Herein, the in vitro first spermatogenesis wave in mice was used to understand the impact of CB2 activation on the differentiation of spermatogonia until elongated spermatids. MATERIALS AND METHODS A first set of cultured testicular explants of 6.5 days post-partum (dpp) mice was performed to assess the impact of a range of JWH133 supplementation (10 nm, 100 nm, 1 µm, 10 µm). Then, the progressive development of germ cells at key timepoints of spermatogenesis was evaluated throughout (i) in vitro culture (day 2 [D2], D3, D6, D10, D18, and D30) coupled with (ii) in vivo counterparts (8.5, 9.5, 12.5, 16.5, 24.5, and 36.5 dpp). RESULTS CB2 was detected at the plasma membrane of cells, and a successful completion of spermatogenesis was obtained in vitro. One day after the activation of CB2 by 1 μm of the agonist JWH133, percentage of zygotene spermatocyte I increased. CONCLUSION After 30 days of culture, (i) an enrichment of haploid germ cells detected by flow cytometry, (ii) a reduced necrotic area, and (iii) an increase in the density of post-meiotic germ cells were observed. We showed that the activation of CB2 improves in vitro entry into meiosis and differentiation of spermatogonia, mimicking physiological meiotic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Dumont
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Aurélie Rives-Feraille
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Marion Delessard
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Justine Saulnier
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Christine Rondanino
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Rives
- Department of Reproductive Biology - CECOS, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, EA 4308 "Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality", Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France.,Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
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18
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Ezechukwu HC, Diya CA, Shrestha N, Hryciw DH. Role for endocannabinoids in early pregnancy: recent advances and the effects of cannabis use. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E557-E561. [PMID: 32744098 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is associated with several physiological processes, including reproduction. This system consists of the cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoid ligands, and enzymes that metabolize and degrade these fatty acids. Recent evidence shows that cannabinoid receptors are expressed in cells of the reproductive system, including endometrial stromal cells, ovaries, and sperm cells. Emerging and recent research suggests that the ECS may play a significant role in reproduction. The endocannabinoid ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol are crucial for successful endometrium decidualization, placental development, and embryo implantation. Alteration in cannabinoid receptor expression or in endocannabinoid homeostasis by excessive intake of cannabis during pregnancy is associated with negative pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth. The use of medicinal cannabis is becoming more widespread in Western countries, especially in people of reproductive age. Cannabis contains phytocannabinoids, which modulate the ECS, and emerging evidence suggests that phytocannabinoids, through their action on cannabinoid receptors, may have a negative impact on fertility, pregnancy outcome, and fetal health. In this mini-review, we highlight the recent advances in the field, which explore the role of endocannabinoids in early pregnancy and the effects of excessive intake of phytocannabinoids in pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry C Ezechukwu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eko University of Medicine and Health Science, Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Cornelius A Diya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Eko University of Medicine and Health Science, Ijanikin, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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19
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Castel P, Barbier M, Poumerol E, Mandon-Pépin B, Tassistro V, Lepidi H, Pelissier-Alicot AL, Manzoni OJ, Courbiere B. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure alters the ovarian reserve in adult offspring of rats. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:4131-4141. [PMID: 32833042 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In animals, research in the past two decades has demonstrated the strong involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in numerous steps of the reproductive process, including ovarian physiology. Reproductive lifespan is closely related to the number of nongrowing ovarian follicles, called ovarian reserve (OR), which is definitively established during foetal life. Thus, OR damage may lead to poor reproductive outcomes and a shortened reproductive lifespan. We investigated whether prenatal ECS modulation had an effect on the OR at different ages in the rat offspring. Four groups of gestating female rats (F0) were exposed to the CB1-/CB2-receptor agonist WIN55212 (0.5 mg/kg), the CB1R inverse agonist SR141716 (3 mg/kg) or Δ9THC (5 mg/kg) and were compared to negative control groups. OR was histologically assessed at different postnatal timepoints (F1 individuals): postnatal day (PND) 6, PND40 and PND90. At PND6, prenatal exposure had no effect on OR. In the young adult group (PND90) exposed during gestation to WIN55212, we observed a CB1R-mediated delayed OR decrease, which was reversed by prenatal CB1R blockade by SR141716. Conversely, after prenatal SR141716 exposure, we observed higher OR counts at PND90. RT-PCR experiments also showed that prenatal ECS modulation perturbed the mRNA levels of ECS enzymes and OR regulation genes. Our findings support the role of the ECS in OR regulation during the foetal life of rats and highlight the need for further studies to elucidate its precise role in OR physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Castel
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, CHU Conception, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Marseille, France.
| | - Magalie Barbier
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Poumerol
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, 78350, France
| | | | - Virginie Tassistro
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Lepidi
- Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique, Marseille, France
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier-Alicot
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Cannalab Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Medecine Legale, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier J Manzoni
- INMED, INSERM U1249, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Cannalab Cannabinoids Neuroscience Research International Associated Laboratory, INSERM-Aix-Marseille University/Indiana University, Marseille, France
| | - Blandine Courbiere
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, CHU Conception, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Marseille, France
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20
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Dubovis M, Muneyyirci-Delale O. Effects of marijuana on human reproduction. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 94:22-30. [PMID: 32315745 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
As U.S. states steadily legalize its distribution and the prevalence of its use in people of reproductive age continues to rise, the need to understand the effects of marijuana on human physiology is becoming increasingly urgent. While marijuana is well-known for its psychoactive effects and applications in controlling pain and nausea, little is known about its effects on reproduction. This review includes in vitro studies which consistently demonstrate associations between marijuana consumption and low sperm count, dysregulated menstruation, and abnormal placentation. While many in vivo studies associate maternal marijuana use with stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and offspring psychosis, significant literature negates these relationships by controlling for poly-substance use and socioeconomic status. Data limited by self-reporting and confounds precludes the drawing of definitive conclusions regarding the effects of marijuana on reproduction. This review serves as a call to action to elucidate these effects and discourage marijuana use in people of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dubovis
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Totorikaguena L, Olabarrieta E, Lolicato F, Romero‐Aguirregomezcorta J, Smitz J, Agirregoitia N, Agirregoitia E. The endocannabinoid system modulates the ovarian physiology and its activation can improve in vitro oocyte maturation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7580-7591. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lide Totorikaguena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUPV/EHU Leioa Bizkaia Spain
| | - Estibaliz Olabarrieta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUPV/EHU Leioa Bizkaia Spain
| | | | | | - Johan Smitz
- Laboratory of Follicular Biology (FOBI), UZ Brussel Brussels Belgium
| | - Naiara Agirregoitia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUPV/EHU Leioa Bizkaia Spain
| | - Ekaitz Agirregoitia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and NursingUPV/EHU Leioa Bizkaia Spain
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22
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Cecconi S, Rapino C, Di Nisio V, Rossi G, Maccarrone M. The (endo)cannabinoid signaling in female reproduction: What are the latest advances? Prog Lipid Res 2019; 77:101019. [PMID: 31862482 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis extracts like marijuana have the highest consumption rate worldwide. Yet, their societal acceptance as recreational and therapeutic drugs could represent a serious hazard to female human reproduction, because cannabis ingredients [termed (phyto)cannabinoids] can perturb an endogenous system of lipid signals known as endocannabinoids. Accumulated evidence on animal models and humans has demonstrated a crucial role of these endogenous signals on different aspects of female reproduction, where they act through an ensamble of proteins that synthesize, transport, degrade and traffic them. Several reports have recently evidenced the potential role of endocannabinoids as biomarkers of female infertility for disease treatment and prevention, as well as their possible epigenetic effects on pregnancy. The purpose of this review is to provide an update of data collected in the last decade on the effects of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids on female reproductive events, from development and maturation of follicles and oocytes, to fertilization, oviductal transport, implantation and labor. In this context, a particular attention has been devoted to the ovary and the production of fertilizable oocytes, because recent studies have addressed this hot topic with conflicting results among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Valentina Di Nisio
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Gianna Rossi
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy; European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64 - 00143 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Barchi M, Innocenzi E, Giannattasio T, Dolci S, Rossi P, Grimaldi P. Cannabinoid Receptors Signaling in the Development, Epigenetics, and Tumours of Male Germ Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010025. [PMID: 31861494 PMCID: PMC6981618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are natural lipid molecules whose levels are regulated by specific biosynthetic and degradative enzymes. They bind to and activate two main cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), and together with their metabolizing enzymes form the “endocannabinoid system” (ECS). In the last years, the relevance of endocannabinoids (eCBs) as critical modulators in various aspects of male reproduction has been pointed out. Mammalian male germ cells, from mitotic to haploid stage, have a complete ECS which is modulated during spermatogenesis. Compelling evidence indicate that in the testis an appropriate “eCBs tone”, associated to a balanced CB receptors signaling, is critical for spermatogenesis and for the formation of mature and fertilizing spermatozoa. Any alteration of this system negatively affects male reproduction, from germ cell differentiation to sperm functions, and might have also an impact on testicular tumours. Indeed, most of testicular tumours develop during early germ-cell development in which a maturation arrest is thought to be the first key event leading to malignant transformation. Considering the ever-growing number and complexity of the data on ECS, this review focuses on the role of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 signaling in male germ cells development from gonocyte up to mature spermatozoa and in the induction of epigenetic alterations in these cells which might be transmitted to the progeny. Furthermore, we present new evidence on their relevance in testicular cancer.
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24
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Innocenzi E, De Domenico E, Ciccarone F, Zampieri M, Rossi G, Cicconi R, Bernardini R, Mattei M, Grimaldi P. Paternal activation of CB 2 cannabinoid receptor impairs placental and embryonic growth via an epigenetic mechanism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17034. [PMID: 31745152 PMCID: PMC6863860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is the peripheral receptor for cannabinoids, involved in the homeostatic control of several physiological functions. Male mitotic germ cells express a high level of CB2, whose activation promotes their differentiation in both in vitro and in vivo experiments, controlling the correct progression of spermatogenesis. However, it remains elusive if CB2 activation in spermatogonia could affect reproductive success in terms of fertility and healthy pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we explored the effects of male CB2 activation on sperm number and quality and its influence on next generation health. We show that exposure of male mice to JWH-133, a selective CB2 agonist, decreased sperm count, impaired placental development and reduced offspring growth. These defects were associated with altered DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation levels at imprinted genes in sperm and conserved in placenta. Our findings reveal that paternal selective activation of CB2 alters the sperm epigenome and compromises offspring growth. This study demonstrates, for the first time, a new role of CB2 signaling in male gametes in causing epigenetic alterations that can be transmitted to the next generation by sperm, highlighting potential risks induced by recreational cannabinoid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Innocenzi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Domenico
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciccarone
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Zampieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rossi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rosella Cicconi
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Bernardini
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Mattei
- Interdepartmental Service Centre-Station for Animal Technology (STA), University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grimaldi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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