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Chen Y, Meng L, Xu N, Chen H, Wei X, Lu D, Wang S, Xu X. Ten-eleven translocation-2-mediated macrophage activation promotes liver regeneration. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:95. [PMID: 38308318 PMCID: PMC10835877 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The remarkable regenerative capacity of the liver enables recovery after radical Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resection. After resection, macrophages secrete interleukin 6 and hepatocyte growth factors to promote liver regeneration. Ten-eleven translocation-2 (Tet2) DNA dioxygenase regulates pro-inflammatory factor secretion in macrophages. In this study, we explored the role of Tet2 in macrophages and its function independent of its enzymatic activity in liver regeneration. METHODS The model of liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy (PHx) is a classic universal model for studying reparative processes in the liver. Mice were euthanized at 0, 24, and 48 h after PHx. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, immunofluorescence analysis, and flow cytometry were performed to explore immune cell infiltration and liver regenerative capability. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the interaction between Tet2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1). RESULTS Tet2 in macrophages negatively regulated liver regeneration in the partial hepatectomy mice model. Tet2 interacted with Stat1, inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory factors and suppressing liver regeneration. The Tet2 inhibitor attenuated the interaction between Stat1 and Tet2, enhanced Stat1 phosphorylation, and promoted hepatocyte proliferation. The proliferative function of the Tet2 inhibitor relied on macrophages and did not affect hepatocytes directly. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore that Tet2 in macrophages negatively regulates liver regeneration by interacting with Stat1. Targeting Tet2 in macrophages promotes liver regeneration and function after a hepatectomy, presenting a novel target to promote liver regeneration and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Huan Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Di Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Stricker M, Zhang W, Cheng WY, Gazal S, Dendrou C, Nahkuri S, Palamara PF. Genome-wide classification of epigenetic activity reveals regions of enriched heritability in immune-related traits. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100469. [PMID: 38190103 PMCID: PMC10794845 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Epigenetics underpins the regulation of genes known to play a key role in the adaptive and innate immune system (AIIS). We developed a method, EpiNN, that leverages epigenetic data to detect AIIS-relevant genomic regions and used it to detect 2,765 putative AIIS loci. Experimental validation of one of these loci, DNMT1, provided evidence for a novel AIIS-specific transcription start site. We built a genome-wide AIIS annotation and used linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression to test whether it predicts regional heritability using association statistics for 176 traits. We detected significant heritability effects (average |τ∗|=1.65) for 20 out of 26 immune-relevant traits. In a meta-analysis, immune-relevant traits and diseases were 4.45× more enriched for heritability than other traits. The EpiNN annotation was also depleted of trans-ancestry genetic correlation, indicating ancestry-specific effects. These results underscore the effectiveness of leveraging supervised learning algorithms and epigenetic data to detect loci implicated in specific classes of traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weijiao Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wei-Yi Cheng
- Data & Analytics, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center New York, Little Falls, NJ, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calliope Dendrou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Satu Nahkuri
- Data & Analytics, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Pier Francesco Palamara
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Sulzbach Denardin M, Bumiller-Bini Hoch V, Salviano-Silva A, Lobo-Alves SC, Adelman Cipolla G, Malheiros D, Augusto DG, Wittig M, Franke A, Pföhler C, Worm M, van Beek N, Goebeler M, Sárdy M, Ibrahim S, Busch H, Schmidt E, Hundt JE, Petzl-Erler ML, Beate Winter Boldt A. Genetic Association and Differential RNA Expression of Histone (De)Acetylation-Related Genes in Pemphigus Foliaceus-A Possible Epigenetic Effect in the Autoimmune Response. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:60. [PMID: 38255677 PMCID: PMC10821360 DOI: 10.3390/life14010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is an autoimmune skin blistering disease characterized by antidesmoglein-1 IgG production, with an endemic form (EPF) in Brazil. Genetic and epigenetic factors have been associated with EPF, but its etiology is still not fully understood. To evaluate the genetic association of histone (de)acetylation-related genes with EPF susceptibility, we evaluated 785 polymorphisms from 144 genes, for 227 EPF patients and 194 controls. Carriers of HDAC4_rs4852054*A were more susceptible (OR = 1.79, p = 0.0038), whereas those with GSE1_rs13339618*A (OR = 0.57, p = 0.0011) and homozygotes for PHF21A_rs4756055*A (OR = 0.39, p = 0.0006) were less susceptible to EPF. These variants were not associated with sporadic PF (SPF) in German samples of 75 SPF patients and 150 controls, possibly reflecting differences in SPF and EPF pathophysiology. We further evaluated the expression of histone (de)acetylation-related genes in CD4+ T lymphocytes, using RNAseq. In these cells, we found a higher expression of KAT2B, PHF20, and ZEB2 and lower expression of KAT14 and JAD1 in patients with active EPF without treatment compared to controls from endemic regions. The encoded proteins cause epigenetic modifications related to immune cell differentiation and cell death, possibly affecting the immune response in patients with PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara Sulzbach Denardin
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
| | - Valéria Bumiller-Bini Hoch
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Amanda Salviano-Silva
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Cristina Lobo-Alves
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Research Institut Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adelman Cipolla
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
| | - Danielle Malheiros
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Danillo G. Augusto
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Michael Wittig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (M.W.); (A.F.)
| | - Claudia Pföhler
- Department of Dermatology, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Margitta Worm
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Nina van Beek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (N.v.B.); (E.S.)
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Miklós Sárdy
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.B.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Hauke Busch
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.B.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (N.v.B.); (E.S.)
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.B.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (H.B.); (J.E.H.)
| | - Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil; (M.S.D.); (V.B.-B.H.); (S.C.L.-A.); (G.A.C.); (D.M.); (D.G.A.); (M.L.P.-E.)
- Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil
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Xie Y, Zhao H, Luo H, Zuo X, Li Q, Liu S. Genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic sclerosis with interstitial lung disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 48:829-836. [PMID: 37587067 PMCID: PMC10930437 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.220538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation and transcriptome expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) with interstitial lung disease (ILD), and to analyze the effects of DNA methylation on Wnt/β-catenin and chemokine signaling pathways. METHODS PBMCs were collected from 19 patients with SSc (SSc group) and 18 healthy persons (control group). Among SSc patients, there were 10 patients with ILD (SSc with ILD subgroup) and 9 patients without ILD (SSc without ILD subgroup). The genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression level were analyzed by using Illumina 450K methylation chip and Illumina HT-12 v4.0 gene expression profiling chip. The effect of DNA methylation on Wnt/β-catenin and chemokine signal pathways was investigated. RESULTS Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis identified 71 hypermethylated CpG sites and 98 hypomethylated CpG sites in the SSc with ILD subgroup compared with the SSc without ILD subgroup. Transcriptome analysis distinguished 164 upregulated genes and 191 downregulated genes in the SSc with ILD subgroup as compared with the SSc without ILD subgroup. In PBMCs of the SSc group, 35 genes in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were hypomethylated, while frizzled-1 (FZD1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 (MAPK9), mothers against DPP homolog 2 (SMAD2), transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), and wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 5B (WNT5B) mRNA expressions were upregulated as compared with the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the SSc without ILD subgroup, the mRNA expressions of dickkopf homolog 2 (DKK2), FZD1, MAPK9 were upregulated in the SSc with ILD subgroup, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). In PBMCs of the SSc group, 38 genes in chemokine signaling pathway were hypomethylated, while β-arrestin 1 (ARRB1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16), FGR, and neutrophil cytosolic factor 1C (NCF1C) mRNA expressions were upregulated as compared with the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with the SSc without ILD subgroup, the mRNA expressions of ARRB1, CXCL10, CXCL16 were upregulated in the SSc with ILD subgroup, but the differences were not statistically significant (all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are differences in DNA methylation and transcriptome profiles between SSc with ILD and SSc without ILD. The expression levels of multiple genes in Wnt/β- catenin and chemokine signaling pathways are upregulated, which might be associatea with the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Quanzhen Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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Zhang W, Chen Z, Yi K, Su G, Liu Y, Deng Y, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Pu Y, Luo X, Lai Y, Yang P. TET2-mediated upregulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in LRRC39 promoter promotes Th1 responses in association with downregulated Treg response in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Clin Immunol 2023; 250:109323. [PMID: 37019422 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), an oxidative reaction mediated by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family, has been reported to play an essential role in the progression of auto-inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. By far, little is known about the effect of DNA 5-hmC and the TET family on the development of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. In this study, we discovered that the global DNA 5-hmC level and the TET activity were elevated in association with the up-regulated expression of TET2 at both mRNA and protein levels in CD4+T cells from active VKH patients compared to healthy controls. Integrated analysis of DNA 5-hmC pattern and transcription profile of CD4+ T cells revealed that 6 candidate target genes were involved in the development of VKH disease. The promoter 5-hmC and mRNA levels of leucine rich repeat containing 39 (LRRC39) were verified to be elevated in active VKH patients. Functional experiments showed that TET2 could up-regulate LRRC39 mRNA expression by increasing the promoter 5-hmC level of LRRC39 in CD4+ T cells from active VKH patients. Up-regulated LRRC39 expression could increase the frequencies of IFN-γ+ and IL-17+ CD4+ T cells as well as the secretions of IFN-γ and IL-17 in association with the decreased frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the reduced production of IL-10. Additionally, restoration of LRRC39 rescued TET2-silencing-mediated reduced frequency of IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells and increased frequency of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg cells. Collectively, our study reveals a novel axis, TET2-5-hmC-LRRC39-Th1/Treg responses axis, in the pathogenesis of VKH and provides a potential target for further investigation into the epigenetic therapy of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyun Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Pu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch (Municipality Division) of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Ramzy M, Gharbia OM, Seleem AK, Mohamed K, Marzouk RE. Methylation of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL) gene in rheumatoid arthritis patients. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases. Front Med 2023; 17:43-57. [PMID: 36811762 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune-related skin diseases are a group of disorders with diverse etiology and pathophysiology involved in autoimmunity. Genetics and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these autoimmune disorders. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are poorly understood, environmental variables that induce aberrant epigenetic regulations may provide some insights. Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences. The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the function of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune-related skin disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous skin diseases, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the possible clinical applications of precision epigenetics approaches.
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Wang F, Miao HB, Pei ZH, Chen Z. Serological, fragmentomic, and epigenetic characteristics of cell-free DNA in patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001690. [PMID: 36578480 PMCID: PMC9791112 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The biological characteristics of plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) are related to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN). The aim of this study was to explore the biological characteristics of cfDNA in patients with LN in terms of serology, fragment omics, and epigenetics, and to discuss the possibility of liquid biopsy for cfDNA as an alternative to conventional tissue biopsy. Methods cfDNA was extracted from plasma samples of 127 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (64 with LN, 63 without LN). The cfDNA concentration was determined using the Qubit method. Next-generation sequencing cfDNA methylation profiling was performed for three LN patients and six non-LN patients. The methylation panel was designed based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. The fragmentation index, motif score, and DELFI score were calculated to explore the fragmentation profile of cfDNA in patients with LN. Statistical and machine learning methods were used to select features to calculate the methylation scores of the samples. Results Patients with LN had significantly lower cfDNA concentrations (P = 0.0347) than those without LN. This may be associated with the presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (r = -0.4189; P = 0.0296). The mean DELFI score (proportion of short fragments of cfDNA) in patients with LN was significantly higher than that in patients without LN (P = 0.0238). Based on the pan-cancer data, 73, 66, 8, and 10 features were selected and used to calculate the methylation scores. The mean methylation scores of these features in patients with LN differed significantly from those in patients without LN (P = 0.0238). Conclusions The specificity of cfDNA in patients with LN was identified using serological, fragmentomic, and epigenetic analyses. The findings may have implications for the development of new molecular markers of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China,Department of Immunology, Foresea Life Insurance Guangxi Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-bing Miao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhi-hua Pei
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Chen,
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Epigenetic regulation of B cells and its role in autoimmune pathogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1215-1234. [PMID: 36220996 PMCID: PMC9622816 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although previous studies have shown many genetic polymorphisms associated with B-cell activation in patients with various autoimmune disorders, progress in epigenetic research has revealed new mechanisms leading to B-cell hyperactivation. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those involving histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, regulate B-cell responses, and their dysregulation can contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune diseases show epigenetic alterations that lead to the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune inflammation. Moreover, many clinical and animal model studies have shown the promising potential of epigenetic therapies for patients. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview of epigenetic mechanisms with a focus on their roles in regulating functional B-cell subsets. Furthermore, we discuss epigenetic dysregulation in B cells and highlight its contribution to the development of autoimmune diseases. Based on clinical and preclinical evidence, we discuss novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapies for patients with autoimmune disorders.
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Li H, Boulougoura A, Endo Y, Tsokos GC. Abnormalities of T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: new insights in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102870. [PMID: 35872102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance and sustained production of autoantibodies. Multiple and profound T cell abnormalities in SLE are intertwined with disease expression. Both numerical and functional disturbances have been reported in main CD4+ T helper cell subsets including Th1, Th2, Th17, regulatory, and follicular helper cells. SLE CD4+ T cells are known to provide help to B cells, produce excessive IL-17 but insufficient IL-2, and infiltrate tissues. In the absence of sufficient amounts of IL-2, regulatory T cells, do not function properly to constrain inflammation. A complicated series of early signaling defects and aberrant activation of kinases and phosphatases result in complex cell phenotypes by altering the metabolic profile and the epigenetic landscape. All main metabolic pathways including glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation are altered in T cells from lupus prone mice and patients with SLE. SLE CD8+ cytotoxic T cells display reduced cytolytic activity which accounts for higher rates of infection and the sustenance of autoimmunity. Further, CD8+ T cells in the context of rheumatic diseases lose the expression of CD8, acquire IL-17+CD4-CD8- double negative T (DNT) cell phenotype and infiltrate tissues. Herein we present an update on these T cell abnormalities along with underlying mechanisms and discuss how these advances can be exploited therapeutically. Novel strategies to correct these aberrations in T cells show promise for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Afroditi Boulougoura
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yushiro Endo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Mauracher AA, Henrickson SE. Leveraging Systems Immunology to Optimize Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Immunity. FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:910243. [PMID: 37670772 PMCID: PMC10477056 DOI: 10.3389/fsysb.2022.910243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are monogenic disorders that can cause diverse symptoms, including recurrent infections, autoimmunity and malignancy. While many factors have contributed, the increased availability of next-generation sequencing has been central in the remarkable increase in identification of novel monogenic IEI over the past years. Throughout this phase of disease discovery, it has also become evident that a given gene variant does not always yield a consistent phenotype, while variants in seemingly disparate genes can lead to similar clinical presentations. Thus, it is increasingly clear that the clinical phenotype of an IEI patient is not defined by genetics alone, but is also impacted by a myriad of factors. Accordingly, we need methods to amplify our current diagnostic algorithms to better understand mechanisms underlying the variability in our patients and to optimize treatment. In this review, we will explore how systems immunology can contribute to optimizing both diagnosis and treatment of IEI patients by focusing on identifying and quantifying key dysregulated pathways. To improve mechanistic understanding in IEI we must deeply evaluate our rare IEI patients using multimodal strategies, allowing both the quantification of altered immune cell subsets and their functional evaluation. By studying representative controls and patients, we can identify causative pathways underlying immune cell dysfunction and move towards functional diagnosis. Attaining this deeper understanding of IEI will require a stepwise strategy. First, we need to broadly apply these methods to IEI patients to identify patterns of dysfunction. Next, using multimodal data analysis, we can identify key dysregulated pathways. Then, we must develop a core group of simple, effective functional tests that target those pathways to increase efficiency of initial diagnostic investigations, provide evidence for therapeutic selection and contribute to the mechanistic evaluation of genetic results. This core group of simple, effective functional tests, targeting key pathways, can then be equitably provided to our rare patients. Systems biology is thus poised to reframe IEI diagnosis and therapy, fostering research today that will provide streamlined diagnosis and treatment choices for our rare and complex patients in the future, as well as providing a better understanding of basic immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A. Mauracher
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Karimi A, Ghadiri-Moghaddam F, Valipour M, Yahyavi Y. Effects of prolonged exposure to ELF-EMF on HERVs expression in human melanoma cells. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 11:67-71. [PMID: 36059930 PMCID: PMC9336785 DOI: 10.22099/mbrc.2022.42754.1706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancient remnants of exogenous retroviral infections. Their abnormal activation is associated with several diseases, such as cancer and autoimmunity. Epigenetic and environmental factors are probably playing essential roles in the expression of these elements. This study aimed to examine the 96-hour effects of ELF-EMF on HERV-H, K, and W expression in human melanoma cells. SK-MEL-37 cells (the human skin malignant melanoma) were continuously exposed to ELF-EMF (50 Hz) at 1.5 and 3 mT intensity for 96 hours. Following mRNA extraction, the expression level of HERV-H, K, and W was assessed by qPCR. According to our results, exposure to ELF-EMF intensities for 96 hours could significantly downregulate HERV-H, K, and W env gene expression (P<0.001). Our obtained data suggest that low intensity and long-term exposure to ELF-EMF may pave using this type of radiation as a novel therapeutic approach by neutralizing the HERVs upregulated expression in melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Karimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding Author: Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Golgasht St., Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. Tel: +98 41 33355789, Fax: +98 41 33355789. E. mail:
| | | | - Masoumeh Valipour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Yahyavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Agrawal M, Allin KH, Petralia F, Colombel JF, Jess T. Multiomics to elucidate inflammatory bowel disease risk factors and pathways. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:399-409. [PMID: 35301463 PMCID: PMC9214275 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-022-00593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immune-mediated disease of the intestinal tract, with complex pathophysiology involving genetic, environmental, microbiome, immunological and potentially other factors. Epidemiological data have provided important insights into risk factors associated with IBD, but are limited by confounding, biases and data quality, especially when pertaining to risk factors in early life. Multiomics platforms provide granular high-throughput data on numerous variables simultaneously and can be leveraged to characterize molecular pathways and risk factors for chronic diseases, such as IBD. Herein, we describe omics platforms that can advance our understanding of IBD risk factors and pathways, and available omics data on IBD and other relevant diseases. We highlight knowledge gaps and emphasize the importance of birth, at-risk and pre-diagnostic cohorts, and neonatal blood spots in omics analyses in IBD. Finally, we discuss network analysis, a powerful bioinformatics tool to assemble high-throughput data and derive clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Agrawal
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tine Jess
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang C, Feng Q, Hou M, Peng J, Hu X, Wang S. HDAC3 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2530223 is associated with increased susceptibility and severity of primary immune thrombocytopenia. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:875-882. [PMID: 35484920 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune hemorrhagic disorder characterized by a low platelet count and increased risk of bleeding. We previously reported that low-dose chidamide, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, restores immune tolerance in patients with ITP. This study aimed to evaluate the association of a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2530223 in the HDAC3 gene with susceptibility to ITP and its clinical features. METHODS Patients with ITP and age-matched healthy participants were recruited for this case-control study. Genotyping of the HDAC3 rs2530223 polymorphism was performed using MassARRAY platform. RESULTS Individuals with T allele of HDAC3 rs2530223 exhibited a 1.472-fold increased risk of ITP susceptibility (OR 1.472; 95% CI 1.100-1.969; p = .009), while ones with the TT genotype under the codominant and recessive models, and the TC/TT genotypes under the dominant model all revealed increased risk of ITP susceptibility (dominant odds ratio[OR] 1.965; 95% CI: 1.046-3.656; p = .036; codominant OR 2.264; 95% CI 1.175-4.360; p = .015; and recessive OR 1.512; 95% CI 1.028-2.224; p = .036, respectively). Regarding platelet counts in ITP patients, we observed that the TC/TT genotypes exhibited a 3.932-fold increased risk for platelet (PLT) <30 × 109 /L (OR 3.932; 95% CI 1.426-10.842; p = .008). CONCLUSION This study indicates that HDAC3 rs2530223 may be an important genetic factor related to ITP susceptibility and platelet count in ITP patients, providing new perspectives on disease progression, new therapeutic targets, and severity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Feng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Hou
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunohematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gao L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Xu L, Duan X. Methylation of the HCBP6 promoter is associated with primary biliary cholangitis pathogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:176-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Cheng L, Sun B, Xiong Y, Hu L, Gao L, Li J, Xie H, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhou HH. WGCNA-Based DNA Methylation Profiling Analysis on Allopurinol-Induced Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: A DNA Methylation Signature for Predisposing Drug Hypersensitivity. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040525. [PMID: 35455641 PMCID: PMC9027774 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The role of aberrant DNA methylation in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) is incompletely understood. To fill the gap, we analyze the DNA methylation profiling in allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) patients and identify the DNA methylation signature for predisposing allopurinol hypersensitivity. Methods: Genome-scale methylation analysis was conducted using the Illumina® HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to analyze the data. Results: A total of 21,497 annotated promoter regions were analyzed. Ten modules were identified between allopurinol hypersensitivity and tolerance, with turquoise and yellow modules being the most significant correlation. ATG13, EPM2AIP1, and SRSF11 were the top three hub genes in the turquoise module. MIR412, MIR369, and MIR409 were the top three hub genes in the yellow module. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the turquoise module was related to the metabolic process in intracellular organelles and the binding of various compounds, proteins, or nucleotides. The yellow module, however, was related to stimulus sensory perception in cytoskeletal elements and the activity of the receptor or transducer. Conclusion: DNA methylation plays a vital role in allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). DNA methylation profiling of SJS/TEN is significantly related to autophagy and microRNAs (miRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.-H.Z.)
| | - Bao Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lichen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha 410004, China;
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (B.S.); (Y.X.); (L.H.); (X.C.); (W.Z.)
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: (L.C.); (H.-H.Z.)
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Sirbe C, Simu G, Szabo I, Grama A, Pop TL. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hepatitis-Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13578. [PMID: 34948375 PMCID: PMC8703580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric autoimmune liver disorders include autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis (ASC), and de novo AIH after liver transplantation. AIH is an idiopathic disease characterized by immune-mediated hepatocyte injury associated with the destruction of liver cells, causing inflammation, liver failure, and fibrosis, typically associated with autoantibodies. The etiology of AIH is not entirely unraveled, but evidence supports an intricate interaction among genetic variants, environmental factors, and epigenetic modifications. The pathogenesis of AIH comprises the interaction between specific genetic traits and molecular mimicry for disease development, impaired immunoregulatory mechanisms, including CD4+ T cell population and Treg cells, alongside other contributory roles played by CD8+ cytotoxicity and autoantibody production by B cells. These findings delineate an intricate pathway that includes gene to gene and gene to environment interactions with various drugs, viral infections, and the complex microbiome. Epigenetics emphasizes gene expression through hereditary and reversible modifications of the chromatin architecture without interfering with the DNA sequence. These alterations comprise DNA methylation, histone transformations, and non-coding small (miRNA) and long (lncRNA) RNA transcriptions. The current first-line therapy comprises prednisolone plus azathioprine to induce clinical and biochemical remission. Further understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms encountered in AIH may depict their impact on clinical aspects, detect biomarkers, and guide toward novel, effective, and better-targeted therapies with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sirbe
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gelu Simu
- Cardiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cardiology Department, Rehabilitation Hospital, 400066 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Szabo
- Department of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alina Grama
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Pediatric Discipline, Department of Mother and Child, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.S.); (T.L.P.)
- 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Li J, Li L, Wang Y, Huang G, Li X, Xie Z, Zhou Z. Insights Into the Role of DNA Methylation in Immune Cell Development and Autoimmune Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:757318. [PMID: 34790667 PMCID: PMC8591242 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.757318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, nearly 100 autoimmune diseases have been an area of focus, and these diseases bring health challenges to approximately 5% of the population worldwide. As a type of disease caused by tolerance breakdown, both environmental and genetic risk factors contribute to autoimmune disease development. However, in most cases, there are still gaps in our understanding of disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Therefore, more detailed knowledge of disease pathogenesis and potential therapies is indispensable. DNA methylation, which does not affect the DNA sequence, is one of the key epigenetic silencing mechanisms and has been indicated to play a key role in gene expression regulation and to participate in the development of certain autoimmune diseases. Potential epigenetic regulation via DNA methylation has garnered more attention as a disease biomarker in recent years. In this review, we clarify the basic function and distribution of DNA methylation, evaluate its effects on gene expression and discuss related key enzymes. In addition, we summarize recent aberrant DNA methylation modifications identified in the most important cell types related to several autoimmune diseases and then provide potential directions for better diagnosing and monitoring disease progression driven by epigenetic control, which may broaden our understanding and contribute to further epigenetic research in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wolyncewicz B, Major TJ, Delahunt B, Thunders M. The epigenome: key to understanding and predicting gout flares. Pathology 2021; 53:824-829. [PMID: 34657735 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Gout is a form of arthritis, resulting from an inflammatory reaction to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the synovial fluid of the joint space. It is characterised by periods of acute inflammation in the affected joint, or joints (known as gout flares), separated by asymptomatic periods. There seems to be substantial overlap between environmental triggers of gout flares and common environmental modifiers (diet, pharmaceuticals, and stress) of epigenetic markers (DNA methylation, histone modifications, and ncRNA). Very few studies have looked at whether environment is influencing gout through epigenetic mechanisms. The pathogenesis of gouty inflammation is well understood but understanding the variation of response to hyperuricaemia in terms of gout flare initiation is less well known. In this review, we will examine the potential of epigenomics in understanding how gout flares may occur, both in terms of development of hyperuricaemia and the inflammatory response. Looking at the epigenome and its intersection with lifestyle could help identify new targets and strategies for effective management of gout flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Wolyncewicz
- Otago Medical School, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Brett Delahunt
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Thunders
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Zachou K, Arvaniti P, Lyberopoulou A, Dalekos GN. Impact of genetic and environmental factors on autoimmune hepatitis. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 4:100125. [PMID: 34622188 PMCID: PMC8479787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic non-resolving liver disease characterized by diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia, the presence of autoantibodies and characteristic histological findings. The disease can have catastrophic outcome with the development of end-stage liver disease if misdiagnosed/undiagnosed and left untreated. AIH pathogenesis remains obscure and the main hypothesis supports its development in genetically predisposed individuals after being exposed to certain environmental triggers. Genetic predisposition is linked to the presence of certain HLA alleles, mainly HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4. However, a wide number of non-HLA epitopes have also been associated with the disease although data vary significantly among different ethnic groups. Therefore, it is likely that epigenetic alterations may also play a crucial role in disease's pathogenesis, although not yet extensively studied. The aim of this review was to summarize the genetic and environmental factors that have been associated with AIH, but also to open new insights towards the role of epigenetic modifications in the etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Zachou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Pinelopi Arvaniti
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Aggeliki Lyberopoulou
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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Abstract
The term "epigenetics" refers to a series of meiotically/mitotically inheritable alterations in gene expression, related to environmental factors, without disruption on DNA sequences of bases. Recently, the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases (ADs) has been closely linked to epigenetic modifications. Actually, epigenetic mechanisms can modulate gene expression or repression of targeted cells and tissues involved in autoimmune/inflammatory conditions acting as keys effectors in regulation of adaptive and innate responses. ADs, as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a rare disease that still lacks effective treatment, is characterized by epigenetic marks in affected cells.Taking into account that epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed as a winning strategy in the search of new more specific and personalized therapeutics agents. Thus, pharmacology and pharmacoepigenetic studies about epigenetic regulations of ADs may provide novel individualized therapies. Focussing in possible implicated factors on development and predisposition of SLE, diet is feasibly one of the most important factors since it is linked directly to epigenetic alterations and these epigenetic changes may augment or diminish the risk of SLE. Nevertheless, several studies have guaranteed that dietary therapy could be a promise to SLE patients via prophylactic actions deprived of side effects of pharmacology, decreasing co-morbidities and improving lifestyle of SLE sufferers.Herein, we review and discuss the cross-link between epigenetic mechanisms on SLE predisposition and development, as well as the influence of dietary factors on regulation epigenetic modifications that would eventually make a positive impact on SLE patients.
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Keshavarz M, Sabbaghi A, Koushki K, Miri SM, Sarshari B, Vahdat K, Ghaemi A. Epigenetic reprogramming mechanisms of immunity during influenza A virus infection. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104831. [PMID: 33878459 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews epigenetic mechanisms by which influenza viruses affect cellular gene activity to control their life cycles, aiming to provide new insights into the complexity of functional interactions between viral and cellular factors, as well as to introduce novel targets for therapeutic intervention and vaccine development against influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ailar Sabbaghi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Koushki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrang Sarshari
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Vahdat
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Camacho-Ordonez N, Ballestar E, Timmers HTM, Grimbacher B. What can clinical immunology learn from inborn errors of epigenetic regulators? J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1602-1618. [PMID: 33609625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is at the interface between environmental factors and the genome, regulating gene transcription, DNA repair, and replication. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining cell identity and are especially crucial for neurology, musculoskeletal integrity, and the function of the immune system. Mutations in genes encoding for the components of the epigenetic machinery lead to the development of distinct disorders, especially involving the central nervous system and host defense. In this review, we focus on the role of epigenetic modifications for the function of the immune system. By studying the immune phenotype of patients with monogenic mutations in components of the epigenetic machinery (inborn errors of epigenetic regulators), we demonstrate the importance of DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, noncoding RNAs, and mRNA processing for immunity. Moreover, we give a short overview on therapeutic strategies targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Camacho-Ordonez
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Th Marc Timmers
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Freiburg, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Urology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST- Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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The function and regulation of TET2 in innate immunity and inflammation. Protein Cell 2020; 12:165-173. [PMID: 33085059 PMCID: PMC7895883 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TET2, a member of ten-eleven translocation (TET) family as α-ketoglutarate- and Fe2+-dependent dioxygenase catalyzing the iterative oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), has been widely recognized to be an important regulator for normal hematopoiesis especially myelopoiesis. Mutation and dysregulation of TET2 contribute to the development of multiple hematological malignancies. Recent studies reveal that TET2 also plays an important role in innate immune homeostasis by promoting DNA demethylation or independent of its enzymatic activity. Here, we focus on the functions of TET2 in the initiation and resolution of inflammation through epigenetic regulation and signaling network. In addition, we highlight regulation of TET2 at various molecular levels as well as the correlated inflammatory diseases, which will provide the insight to intervene in the pathological process caused by TET2 dysregulation.
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Park JK, Jang YJ, Oh BR, Shin J, Bae D, Ha N, Choi YI, Youn GS, Park J, Lee EY, Lee EB, Song YW. Therapeutic potential of CKD-506, a novel selective histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:176. [PMID: 32711562 PMCID: PMC7382061 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 promotes inflammation. We investigated the anti-arthritic effects of CKD-506, a novel HDAC6 inhibitor, in vitro and in a murine model of arthritis as a novel treatment option for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS HDAC6 was overexpressed in mouse peritoneal macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells, and the effects of a HDAC6 inhibitor CKD-506 on cytokine production and activity of NF-κB and AP-1 signaling were examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were activated in the presence of CKD-506. Next, regulatory T cells (Tregs) were induced from RA patients and co-cultured with healthy effector T cells (Teffs) and cell proliferation was analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, the effects of the inhibitor on the severity of arthritis were assessed in a murine model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). RESULTS Overexpression of HDAC6 induced macrophages to produce TNF-α and IL-6. The inhibitory effect of CKD-506 was mediated via blockade of NF-κB and AP-1 activation. HDAC6 inhibition reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production by activated RA PBMCs. CKD-506 inhibited production of MMP-1, MMP-3, IL-6, and IL-8 by activated FLS. In addition, CKD-506 inhibited proliferation of Teffs directly and indirectly by improving iTreg function. In AIA rats, oral CKD-506 improved clinical arthritis in a dose-dependent manner. A combination of sub-therapeutic CKD-506 and methotrexate exerted a synergistic effect. CONCLUSION The novel HDAC6 inhibitor CKD-506 suppresses inflammatory responses by monocytes/macrophages, improves Treg function, and ameliorates arthritis severity in a murine model of RA. Thus, CKD-506 might be a novel and effective treatment option for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyun Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bo Ram Oh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jieun Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CKD Research Institute, CKD Pharmaceutical Company, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daekwon Bae
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CKD Research Institute, CKD Pharmaceutical Company, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nina Ha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CKD Research Institute, CKD Pharmaceutical Company, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Il Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, CKD Research Institute, CKD Pharmaceutical Company, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gi Soo Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jinseu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Bong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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26
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The multifaceted functional role of DNA methylation in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 40:459-476. [PMID: 32613397 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-05255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genomic predisposition cannot explain the onset of complex diseases, as well illustrated by the largely incomplete concordance among monozygotic twins. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, chromatin remodelling and non-coding RNA, are considered to be the link between environmental stimuli and disease onset on a permissive genetic background in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The paradigmatic cases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and type-1 diabetes (T1D) share the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigen influenced by several factors, with a largely incomplete role of individual genomic susceptibility. The most widely investigated epigenetic mechanism is DNA methylation which is associated with gene silencing and is due to the binding of methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD)-containing proteins, such as MECP2, to 5-methylcytosine (5mC). Indeed, a causal relationship occurs between DNA methylation and transcription factors occupancy and recruitment at specific genomic locus. In most cases, the results obtained in different studies are controversial in terms of DNA methylation comparison while fascinating evidence comes from the comparison of the epigenome in clinically discordant monozygotic twins. In this manuscript, we will review the mechanisms of epigenetics and DNA methylation changes in specific immune-mediated rheumatic diseases to highlight remaining unmet needs and to identify possible shared mechanisms beyond different tissue involvements with common therapeutic opportunities. Key Points • DNA methylation has a crucial role in regulating and tuning the immune system. • Evidences suggest that dysregulation of DNA methylation is pivotal in the context of immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. • DNA methylation dysregulation in FOXP3 and interferons-related genes is shared within several autoimmune diseases. • DNA methylation is an attractive marker for diagnosis and therapy.
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Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with non-suppurative destruction of the intrahepatic bile ducts. The interplay of genetics and environmental triggers contributes to the onset of the disease and subsequently results in cholestasis and progressive fibrosis. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genes influencing the susceptibility to PBC in HLA and non-HLA loci. However, it is estimated that the known risk variants merely account for no more than 20% of the heritability of PBC and causes of the remaining heritability remain uncertain. Increasing evidence suggests that the presence of epigenetic abnormalities may explain the "missing heritability" that cannot be captured by GWAS. Among these epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs (i.e. miRNA and lncRNA) are involved in the pathogenesis of PBC. Additionally, telomere dysregulation in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) may play a role in disease onset, whereas a deficiency in sex chromosome and skewed gene expression in the X chromosome may to some extent explain the female dominance in PBC.
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Fioretto BS, Rosa I, Romano E, Wang Y, Guiducci S, Zhang G, Manetti M, Matucci-Cerinic M. The contribution of epigenetics to the pathogenesis and gender dimorphism of systemic sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20918456. [PMID: 32523636 PMCID: PMC7236401 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20918456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a life-threatening connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized by widespread vascular injury and dysfunction, impaired angiogenesis, immune dysregulation and progressive fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Over the past few years, a new trend of investigations is increasingly reporting aberrant epigenetic modifications in genes related to the pathogenesis of SSc, suggesting that, besides genetics, epigenetics may play a pivotal role in disease development and clinical manifestations. Like many other autoimmune diseases, SSc presents a striking female predominance, and even if the reason for this gender imbalance has yet to be completely understood, it appears that the X chromosome, which contains many gender and immune-related genes, could play a role in such gender-biased prevalence. Besides a short summary of the genetic background of SSc, in this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the most recent insights into the epigenetic modifications which underlie the pathophysiology of SSc. A particular focus is given to genetic variations in genes located on the X chromosome as well as to the main X-linked epigenetic modifications that can influence SSc susceptibility and clinical phenotype. On the basis of the most recent advances, there is realistic hope that integrating epigenetic data with genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic analyses may provide in the future a better picture of their functional implications in SSc, paving the right way for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Saveria Fioretto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini
6, Florence, 50139, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC),Florence, Italy
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and
Histology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Eloisa Romano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
| | - Yukai Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology,
Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Serena Guiducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shantou University
Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence,
Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical
Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence and Scleroderma
Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), Florence,
Italy
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29
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Ghavidel AA, Shiari R, Hassan-Zadeh V, Farivar S. The expression of DNMTs is dramatically decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of male patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:182-186. [PMID: 31901404 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease, which affects primarily the joints in children under 16 years old. The etiology of JIA is yet unknown but research has shown that JIA is a multifactorial disease implicating several genes and environmental factors. Environmental factors affect immune cells via epigenetic mechanisms. One of the most important epigenetic mechanisms is DNA methylation catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and usually associated with gene silencing. In this study, we analyzed the expression of three DNA methyltransferases namely DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with JIA and compared it with the expression of these genes in healthy young individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 28 JIA patients and 28 healthy controls were isolated. Total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and the transcript levels of DNMTs were analyzed by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Analysis of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b relative gene expression in PBMCs of JIA patients and control individuals shows that the expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3a is reduced significantly by 7 folds and 5.5 folds, respectively, in JIA patients compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the expression of all three DNMTs were significantly and drastically reduced in young affected males compared to healthy males. CONCLUSION This study shows that the expression of DNMTs is reduced in JIA patients and this reduction is severe in male JIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Abdi Ghavidel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shiari
- Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Mofid Children's Hospital, Pediatrics Infectious Research Center (PIRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Hassan-Zadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Farivar
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University G.C., Tehran, Iran.
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Merrheim J, Villegas J, Van Wassenhove J, Khansa R, Berrih-Aknin S, le Panse R, Dragin N. Estrogen, estrogen-like molecules and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102468. [PMID: 31927086 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In western countries, the slope of autoimmune disease (AD) incidence is increasing and affects 5-8% of the population. Mainly prevalent in women, these pathologies are due to thymic tolerance processes breakdown. The female sex hormone, estrogen, is involved in this AD female susceptibility. However, predisposition factors have to act in concert with unknown triggering environmental factors (virus, microbiota, pollution) to initiate AD. Individuals are exposed to various environmental compounds that display endocrine disruption abilities. The cellular effects of some of these molecules may be mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we review the effects of these molecules on the homeostasis of the thymic cells, the immune tolerance intrinsic factors (transcription factors, epigenetic marks) and on the immune tolerance extrinsic factors (microbiota, virus sensibility). This review highlights the contribution of estrogen and endocrine disruptors on the dysregulation of mechanisms sustaining AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Merrheim
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - José Villegas
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Khansa
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rozen le Panse
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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31
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Analysis of the epigenetic regulation of TNF receptor superfamily 25 (TNFRSF25) in rheumatoid arthritis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Czaja AJ. Immune inhibitory proteins and their pathogenic and therapeutic implications in autoimmunity and autoimmune hepatitis. Autoimmunity 2019; 52:144-160. [PMID: 31298041 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2019.1641200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Key inhibitory proteins can blunt immune responses to self-antigens, and deficiencies in this repertoire may promote autoimmunity. The goals of this review are to describe the key immune inhibitory proteins, indicate their possible impact on the development of autoimmune disease, especially autoimmune hepatitis, and encourage studies to clarify their pathogenic role and candidacy as therapeutic targets. English abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 impairs ligation of CD28 to B7 ligands on antigen presenting cells and inhibits the adaptive immune response by increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, generating regulatory T cells, and reducing T cell activation and proliferation. Programed cell death antigen-1 inhibits T cell selection, activation, and proliferation by binding with two ligands at different phases and locations of the immune response. A soluble alternatively spliced variant of this protein can dampen the inhibitory signal. Autoimmune hepatitis has been associated with polymorphisms of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 gene, reduced hepatic expression of a ligand of programed cell death antigen-1, an interfering soluble variant of this key inhibitory protein, and antibodies against it. Findings have been associated with laboratory indices of liver injury and suboptimal treatment response. Abatacept, belatacept, CD28 blockade, and induction of T cell exhaustion are management considerations that require scrutiny. In conclusion, deficiencies in key immune inhibitory proteins may promote the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, and emerging interventions may overcome these deficiencies. Investigations should define the nature, impact and management of these inhibitory disturbances in autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester , MN , USA
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33
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Trained Innate Immunity Not Always Amicable. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102565. [PMID: 31137759 PMCID: PMC6567865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of „trained innate immunity" is understood as the ability of innate immune cells to remember invading agents and to respond nonspecifically to reinfection with increased strength. Trained immunity is orchestrated by epigenetic modifications leading to changes in gene expression and cell physiology. Although this phenomenon was originally seen mainly as a beneficial effect, since it confers broad immunological protection, enhanced immune response of reprogrammed innate immune cells might result in the development or persistence of chronic metabolic, autoimmune or neuroinfalmmatory disorders. This paper overviews several examples where the induction of trained immunity may be essential in the development of diseases characterized by flawed innate immune response.
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Xia Q, Zhang J, Han Y, Zhang X, Jiang H, Lun Y, Wu X, Gang Q, Liu Z, Böckler D, Duan Z, Xin S. Epigenetic regulation of regulatory T cells in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:1137-1143. [PMID: 31001930 PMCID: PMC6551495 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal arterial aneurysm (AAA) shares many features with autoimmune diseases and appears to be a T-cell-mediated process. In addition, certain epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation, are associated with AAA. In this study, we investigated epigenetic modifications in regulatory T cells (Tregs) from AAA patients. We used flow cytometry to sort FOXP3+ CD4+ CD25+ Tregs from the peripheral blood of AAA patients and from healthy controls (HC), and then detected DNA methylation and histone modifications by ELISA. The DNA methylation rate of Tregs was significantly higher in AAA patients than in the HC group (0.159 ± 0.08% vs 0.098 ± 0.03%, P < 0.05), while the acetylation rates of H3 and H3K9 histones were lower in the AAA than in the HC group. We also examined the expression of mRNA encoding enzymes that catalyze making and removing epigenetic modifications by real-time PCR: we found that mRNA levels of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and DNMT3A were higher in the AAA than in the HC group, mRNA levels of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein (MBD) 2 and MBD4 were higher in the AAA than in the HC group (MBD2: 6.21 ± 2.57 vs 3.04 ± 1.45; MBD4: 7.76 ± 3.48 vs 4.97 ± 3.10; both P < 0.05), and mRNA levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and HDAC5 were significantly up-regulated in the AAA compared with the HC group (HDAC1: 2.17 ± 1.18 vs 1.51 ± 0.99; HDAC5: 1.35 ± 0.49 vs 0.94 ± 0.76; both P < 0.05). Together, our results reveal that rates of DNA methylation and histone modifications of Tregs are significantly altered in AAA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xia
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingwei Gang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dittmar Böckler
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhiquan Duan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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35
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Deng Q, Luo Y, Chang C, Wu H, Ding Y, Xiao R. The Emerging Epigenetic Role of CD8+T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:856. [PMID: 31057561 PMCID: PMC6482221 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are usually complex and multifactorial, characterized by aberrant production of autoreactive immune cells and/or autoantibodies against healthy cells and tissues. However, the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases has not been clearly elucidated. The activation, differentiation, and development of CD8+ T cells can be affected by numerous inflammatory cytokines, transcription factors, and chemokines. In recent years, epigenetic modifications have been shown to play an important role in the fate of CD8+ T cells. The discovery of these modifications that contribute to the activation or suppression of CD8+ cells has been concurrent with the increasing evidence that CD8+ T cells play a role in autoimmunity. These relationships have been studied in various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), type 1 diabetes (T1D), Grave's disease (GD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), aplastic anemia (AA), and vitiligo. In each of these diseases, genes that play a role in the proliferation or activation of CD8+ T cells have been found to be affected by epigenetic modifications. Various cytokines, transcription factors, and other regulatory molecules have been found to be differentially methylated in CD8+ T cells in autoimmune diseases. These genes are involved in T cell regulation, including interferons, interleukin (IL),tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as well as linker for activation of T cells (LAT), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4), and adapter proteins. MiRNAs also play a role in the pathogenesis of these diseases and several known miRNAs that are involved in these diseases have also been shown to play a role in CD8+ regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancheng Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangyang Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haijing Wu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Dermatology, Hainan Provincial Dermatology Disease Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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36
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Pan Q, Guo Y, Guo L, Liao S, Zhao C, Wang S, Liu HF. Mechanistic Insights of Chemicals and Drugs as Risk Factors for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:5175-5188. [PMID: 30947650 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190404140658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and relapsing heterogenous autoimmune disease that primarily affects women of reproductive age. Genetic and environmental risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, and susceptibility genes have recently been identified. However, as gene therapy is far from clinical application, further investigation of environmental risk factors could reveal important therapeutic approaches. We systematically explored two groups of environmental risk factors: chemicals (including silica, solvents, pesticides, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and particulate matter) and drugs (including procainamide, hydralazine, quinidine, Dpenicillamine, isoniazid, and methyldopa). Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying risk factors, such as genetic factors, epigenetic change, and disrupted immune tolerance, were explored. This review identifies novel risk factors and their underlying mechanisms. Practicable measures for the management of these risk factors will benefit SLE patients and provide potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Linjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuzhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 57th South Renmin Road, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, China
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Greenig M. HERVs, immunity, and autoimmunity: understanding the connection. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6711. [PMID: 30984482 PMCID: PMC6452852 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1960s, further investigation into endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has challenged the conventional view of viral sequences as exclusively parasitic elements. Once presumed to be a group of passive genetic relics, it is becoming increasingly clear that this view of ERVs, while generally accurate, is incorrect in many specific cases. Research has identified ERV genes that appear to be co-opted by their mammalian hosts, but the biological function of ERV elements in humans remains a controversial subject. One area that has attracted some attention in this domain is the role of co-opted ERV elements in mammalian immune systems. The relationship between ERVs and human autoimmune diseases has also been investigated, but has historically been treated as a separate topic. This review will summarize the current evidence concerning the phenotypic significance of ERVs, both in the healthy immune system and in manifestations of autoimmunity. Furthermore, it will evaluate the relationship between these fields of study, and propose previously-unexplored molecular mechanisms through which human endogenous retroviruses might contribute to certain autoimmune pathologies. Investigation into these novel mechanisms could further our understanding of the molecular basis of autoimmune disease, and may one day provide new targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Greenig
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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38
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Horimoto AMC, de Souza AS, Rodrigues SH, Kayser C. Risk of digital ulcers occurrence in systemic sclerosis: a cross-sectional study. Adv Rheumatol 2019; 59:14. [DOI: 10.1186/s42358-019-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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39
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Epigenetics of autoimmune liver diseases: current progress and future directions. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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40
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Mazzone R, Zwergel C, Artico M, Taurone S, Ralli M, Greco A, Mai A. The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:34. [PMID: 30808407 PMCID: PMC6390373 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic pathways play a pivotal role in the development and function of the immune system. Over the last decade, a growing body of studies has been published out seeking to explain a correlation between epigenetic modifications and the development of autoimmune disorders. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly by regulating gene expression. This paper reviews the importance of epigenetic alterations during the development of the most prevalent human autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), aiming to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the possibility to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mazzone
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Italian Institute of Technology, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Artico
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Samanta Taurone
- IRCCS G.B. Bietti Foundation, Via Livenza, 3, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ralli
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Pasteur Institute - Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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41
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Huang YH, Chen KD, Lo MH, Cai XY, Chang LS, Kuo YH, Huang WD, Kuo HC. Decreased DNA methyltransferases expression is associated with coronary artery lesion formation in Kawasaki disease. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:576-582. [PMID: 31171909 PMCID: PMC6535659 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.32773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) is the most common acute coronary vasculitis to occur in children. Although we have uncovered global DNA hypomethylation in KD, its underlying cause remains uncertain. In this study, we performed a survey of transcript levels of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases in KD patients. Materials and Methods: We recruited 145 participants for this study. The chip studies consisted of 18 KD patients that were analyzed before undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment and at least 3 weeks after IVIG treatment, as well as 36 control subjects, using Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. An additional study of 91 subjects was performed in order to validate real-time quantitative PCR. Results: In our microarray study, the mRNA levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A were significantly lower while TET2 was higher in acute-stage KD patients compared to the healthy controls. Through PCR validation, we observed that the expression of DNMT1 and TET2 are consistent with the Transcriptome Array 2.0 results. Furthermore, we observed significantly lower DMNT1 mRNA levels following IVIG treatment between those who developed CAL and those who did not. Conclusion: Our findings provide an evidence of DNA methyltransferases and demethylases changes and are among the first report that transient DNA hypomethylation is induced during acute inflammatory phase of Kawasaki disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hsien Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Den Chen
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Liver Transplantation Center and Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hung Lo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Yuan Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Sai Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsia Kuo
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Dong Huang
- Baoan Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China. 518100
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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43
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Ashi MO, Srour N, Lambert JM, Marchalot A, Martin O, Le Noir S, Pinaud E, Ayala MV, Sirac C, Saulière J, Moreaux J, Cogné M, Delpy L. Physiological and druggable skipping of immunoglobulin variable exons in plasma cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:810-819. [PMID: 30127381 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The error-prone V(D)J recombination process generates considerable amounts of nonproductive immunoglobulin (Ig) pre-mRNAs. We recently demonstrated that aberrant Ig chains lacking variable (V) domains can be produced after nonsense-associated altered splicing (NAS) events. Remarkably, the expression of these truncated Ig polypeptides heightens endoplasmic reticulum stress and shortens plasma cell (PC) lifespan. Many questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this new truncated Ig exclusion (TIE-) checkpoint and its restriction to the ultimate stage of B-cell differentiation. To address these issues, we evaluated the extent of NAS of Ig pre-mRNAs using an Ig heavy chain (IgH) knock-in model that allows for uncoupling of V exon skipping from TIE-induced apoptosis. We found high levels of V exon skipping in PCs compared with B cells, and this skipping was correlated with a biallelic boost in IgH transcription during PC differentiation. Chromatin analysis further revealed that the skipped V exon turned into a pseudo-intron. Finally, we showed that hypertranscription of Ig genes facilitated V exon skipping upon passive administration of splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). Thus, V exon skipping is coupled to transcription and increases as PC differentiation proceeds, likely explaining the late occurrence of the TIE-checkpoint and opening new avenues for ASO-mediated strategies in PC disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Omar Ashi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Nivine Srour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Lambert
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Anne Marchalot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Ophélie Martin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Le Noir
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Eric Pinaud
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Maria Victoria Ayala
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Christophe Sirac
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jérôme Saulière
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS-UM UMR9002, Department of Biological Haematology, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier, UFR Medecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Delpy
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7276, INSERM U1262-Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et Lymphoproliférations, Université de Limoges, Limoges, France.
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Czaja AJ. Under-Evaluated or Unassessed Pathogenic Pathways in Autoimmune Hepatitis and Implications for Future Management. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1706-1725. [PMID: 29671161 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis is a consequence of perturbations in homeostatic mechanisms that maintain self-tolerance but are incompletely understood. The goals of this review are to describe key pathogenic pathways that have been under-evaluated or unassessed in autoimmune hepatitis, describe insights that may shape future therapies, and encourage investigational efforts. The T cell immunoglobulin mucin proteins constitute a family that modulates immune tolerance by limiting the survival of immune effector cells, clearing apoptotic bodies, and expanding the population of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Galectins influence immune cell migration, activation, proliferation, and survival, and T cell exhaustion can be induced and exploited as a possible management strategy. The programmed cell death-1 protein and its ligands comprise an antigen-independent inhibitory axis that can limit the performance of activated T cells by altering their metabolism, and epigenetic changes can silence pro-inflammatory genes or de-repress anti-inflammatory genes that affect disease severity. Changes in the intestinal microbiota and permeability of the intestinal mucosal barrier can be causative or consequential events that affect the occurrence and phenotype of immune-mediated disease, and they may help explain the female propensity for autoimmune hepatitis. Perturbations within these homeostatic mechanisms have been implicated in experimental models and limited clinical experiences, and they have been favorably manipulated by monoclonal antibodies, recombinant molecules, pharmacological agents or dietary supplements. In conclusion, pathogenic mechanisms that have been implicated in other systemic immune-mediated and liver diseases but under-evaluated or unassessed in autoimmune hepatitis warrant consideration and rigorous evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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45
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Ray D, Yung R. Immune senescence, epigenetics and autoimmunity. Clin Immunol 2018; 196:59-63. [PMID: 29654845 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging of the immune system in humans and animals is characterized by a decline in both adaptive and innate immune responses. Paradoxically, aging is also associated with a state of chronic inflammation ("inflammaging") and an increased likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases. Epigenetic changes in non-dividing and dividing cells, including immune cells, due to environmental factors contribute to the inflammation and autoimmunity that characterize both the state and diseases of aging. Here, we review the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of immune senescence and autoimmunity in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Ray
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Raymond Yung
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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46
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Czaja AJ. Epigenetic changes and their implications in autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29383703 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic risk of autoimmune hepatitis is insufficient to explain the observed risk, and epigenetic changes may explain disparities in disease occurrence in different populations within and between countries. The goal of this review was to examine how epigenetic changes induced by the environment or inherited as a phenotypic trait may affect autoimmune hepatitis and be amenable to therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pertinent abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. The number of abstracts reviewed was 1689, and the number of full-length articles reviewed exceeded 150. RESULTS Activation of pro-inflammatory genes in autoimmune disease is associated with hypomethylation of deoxyribonucleic acid and modification of histones within chromatin. Organ-specific microribonucleic acids can silence genes by marking messenger ribonucleic acids for degradation, and they can promote inflammatory activity or immunosuppression. High circulating levels of the microribonucleic acids 21 and 122 have been demonstrated in autoimmune hepatitis, and they may increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Microribonucleic acids are also essential for maintaining regulatory T cells. Drugs, pollutants, infections, diet and ageing can induce inheritable epigenetic changes favouring autoimmunity. Reversal is feasible by manipulating enzymes, transcription factors, gene-silencing molecules and toxic exposures or by administering methyl donors and correcting vitamin D deficiency. Gene targets, site specificity, efficacy and consequences are uncertain. CONCLUSIONS Potentially reversible epigenetic changes may affect the occurrence and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis, and investigations are warranted to determine the nature of these changes, key genomic targets, and feasible interventions and their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
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47
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Epigenetic regulation in B-cell maturation and its dysregulation in autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:676-684. [PMID: 29375128 PMCID: PMC6123482 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells have a critical role in the initiation and acceleration of autoimmune diseases, especially those mediated by autoantibodies. In the peripheral lymphoid system, mature B cells are activated by self or/and foreign antigens and signals from helper T cells for differentiating into either memory B cells or antibody-producing plasma cells. Accumulating evidence has shown that epigenetic regulations modulate somatic hypermutation and class switch DNA recombination during B-cell activation and differentiation. Any abnormalities in these complex regulatory processes may contribute to aberrant antibody production, resulting in autoimmune pathogenesis such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Newly generated knowledge from advanced modern technologies such as next-generation sequencing, single-cell sequencing and DNA methylation sequencing has enabled us to better understand B-cell biology and its role in autoimmune development. Thus this review aims to summarize current research progress in epigenetic modifications contributing to B-cell activation and differentiation, especially under autoimmune conditions such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes.
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Czaja AJ. Review article: next-generation transformative advances in the pathogenesis and management of autoimmune hepatitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:920-937. [PMID: 28901565 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in autoimmune hepatitis that transform current concepts of pathogenesis and management can be anticipated as products of ongoing investigations driven by unmet clinical needs and an evolving biotechnology. AIM To describe the advances that are likely to become transformative in autoimmune hepatitis, based on the direction of current investigations. METHODS Pertinent abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and a secondary bibliography was developed. The discovery process was repeated, and a tertiary bibliography was identified. The number of abstracts reviewed was 2830, and the number of full-length articles reviewed exceeded 150. RESULTS Risk-laden allelic variants outside the major histocompatibility complex (rs3184504, r36000782) are being identified by genome-wide association studies, and their gene products are potential therapeutic targets. Epigenetic changes associated with environmental cues can enhance the transcriptional activity of genes, and chromatin re-structuring and antagonists of noncoding molecules of ribonucleic acid are feasible interventions. The intestinal microbiome is a discovery field for microbial products and activated immune cells that may translocate to the periphery and respond to manipulation. Epidemiological studies and controlled interview-based surveys may implicate environmental and xenobiotic factors that warrant evidence-based changes in lifestyle, and site-directed molecular and cellular interventions promise to change the paradigm of treatment from one of blanket immunosuppression. CONCLUSIONS Advances in genetics, epigenetics, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and site-directed molecular and cellular interventions constitute the next generation of transformative advances in autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Nordal E, Rypdal V, Christoffersen T, Aalto K, Berntson L, Fasth A, Herlin T, Nielsen S, Peltoniemi S, Straume B, Zak M, Rygg M. Incidence and predictors of Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a Nordic long-term cohort study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2017; 15:66. [PMID: 28821293 PMCID: PMC5562983 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) varies around the world. Our aim was to investigate the incidence and predictors of uveitis in a Nordic population-based cohort. METHODS Consecutive JIA cases from defined geographical areas in Denmark, Finland, Sweden and Norway with disease onset between January 1997 to June 2000 were followed for median 98 months in this prospective longitudinal cohort study. Potential clinical and immunological predictors of uveitis were identified with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Uveitis occurred in 89 (20.5%) of the 435 children with regular ophtalmologic follow-up among the 500 included. Chronic asymptomatic uveitis developed in 80 and acute symptomatic uveitis in 9 children. Uveitis developed at a median interval of 0.8 (range - 4.7 to 9.4) years after onset of arthritis. Predictors of uveitis were age < 7 years at JIA onset (Odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 3.5), presence of antihistone antibodies (AHA) > 15 U/ml (OR 4.8 (1.8 to 13.4)) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) (OR 2.4 (1.5 to 4.0)). Mean combined IgM/IgG AHA was significantly higher in the uveitis group (19.2 U/ml) than in the non-uveitis group (10.2 U/ml) (p = 0.002). Young age at JIA onset predicted uveitis in girls (p < 0.001), but not in boys (p = 0.390). CONCLUSION Early-onset arthritis and presence of AHA in girls, as well as presence of ANA in both genders, were significant predictors of chronic uveitis. The high incidence of uveitis in this long-term Nordic JIA cohort may have severe implications in a lifelong perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Nordal
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Veronika Rypdal
- 0000000122595234grid.10919.30Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Christoffersen
- 0000000122595234grid.10919.30Department of Ophtalmology, University Hospital of North Norway, and Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kristiina Aalto
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lillemor Berntson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fasth
- 0000 0000 9919 9582grid.8761.8Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Troels Herlin
- 0000 0004 0512 597Xgrid.154185.cDepartment of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susan Nielsen
- grid.475435.4Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suvi Peltoniemi
- 0000 0004 0410 2071grid.7737.4Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bjørn Straume
- 0000000122595234grid.10919.30Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marek Zak
- grid.475435.4Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marite Rygg
- 0000 0001 1516 2393grid.5947.fDepartment of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, and Department of Pediatrics, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Novel tools for primary immunodeficiency diagnosis: making a case for deep profiling. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 16:549-556. [PMID: 27749361 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review gives an overview of the systems-immunology single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic approaches that can be applied to study primary immunodeficiency. It also introduces recent advances in multiparameter tissue imaging, which allows extensive immune phenotyping in disease-affected tissue. RECENT FINDINGS Mass cytometry is a variation of flow cytometry that uses rare earth metal isotopes instead of fluorophores as tags bound to antibodies, allowing simultaneous measurement of over 40 parameters per single-cell. Mass cytomety enables comprehensive single-cell immunophenotyping and functional assessments, capturing the complexity of the immune system, and the molecularly heterogeneous consequences of primary immunodeficiency defects. Protein epitopes and transcripts can be simultaneously detected allowing immunophenotype and gene expression evaluation in mixed cell populations. Multiplexed epitope imaging has the potential to provide extensive phenotypic characterization at the subcellular level, in the context of 3D tissue microenvironment. SUMMARY Mass cytometry and multiplexed epitope imaging can complement genetic methods in diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiencies. The ability to understand the effect of a specific defect across multiple immune cell types and pathways, and in affected tissues, may provide new insight into tissue-specific disease pathogenesis and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions.
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