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Barletta B, Corinti S, Maranghi F, Tait S, Tassinari R, Martinelli A, Longo A, Longo V, Colombo P, Di Felice G, Butteroni C. The environmental pollutant BDE-47 modulates immune responses in invitro and in vivo murine models. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140739. [PMID: 38000557 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widespread in the environment and biological samples. Its association with health risks is an increasing concern, yet information on BDE-47 immunotoxicity remains limited. This study investigated the impact of BDE-47 on innate and adaptive immune responses through in vitro and in vivo approaches. BDE-47's capacity to directly induce cell responses and modulate responses induced by known stimuli was studied in vitro using the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and spleen-derived lymphocytes, and in vivo using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-immunized BALB/c mice orally administered (28 d) at dose levels (7.5, 15.0 and 30 mg/kg/bw/d) derived from relevant toxicokinetic data from rodent models. RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and exposed to BDE-47 exhibited unchanged cell viability but decreased release of interleukin (IL)-6. Primary splenocytes from naïve mice stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 antibodies and exposed to BDE-47 showed a significant decrease of IL-17 A and IFNγ production. In vivo data showed that BDE-47 significantly reduced the KLH-specific antibody response. A generally decreasing trend of IFNγ, IL-10 and IL-5 production was observed after in vitro antigen-specific restimulation of spleen cells. Histopathological effects on liver, spleen, small intestine and thyroid were detected at the highest dose in the absence of general toxicity. In addition, the expression of Mm_mir155 and Mm_let7a was induced in livers of exposed mice. The data obtained in this study suggest that exposure to BDE-47 may perturb innate and adaptive immune responses, thus possibly decreasing resistance to bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Barletta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvia Corinti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Center for Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Valeria Longo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Paolo Colombo
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (IRIB-CNR), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Di Felice
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Jiang Y, Lai X, Liu Y, Yang C, Liu Z, Liu X, Yu T, Chen C, Khanniche A, Fan J, Lin Y, Zeng W. CD8 + T cells in fetal membranes display a unique phenotype, and their activation is involved in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth. J Pathol 2024; 262:240-253. [PMID: 38018407 DOI: 10.1002/path.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Preterm labor/birth is the leading cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Previous studies demonstrated that T cells were crucial for maintaining maternal-fetal immune tolerance during the first trimester of pregnancy; however, their phenotypes and functions in labor and delivery remain largely unknown. We recruited three cohorts of women at delivery for T-cell immunophenotyping in the placentas, fetal membranes, umbilical cord blood, and maternal peripheral blood. Our data showed a differential enrichment of T cells during the third trimester of human pregnancy, with CD4+ T cells being more observable within the umbilical cord blood, whereas CD8+ T cells became relatively more abundant in fetal membranes. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from fetal membranes were dominated by effector memory T cells and exhibited extensive expression of activation markers but decreased expression of homing receptor. In comparison with term births, fetal membrane CD8+ T cells, especially the central memory subset, were significantly increased in frequency and showed more profound activation in spontaneous preterm birth patients. Finally, using an allogeneic mouse model, we found that T-cell-activation-induced preterm birth could be alleviated by the depletion of CD8+ T but not CD4+ T cells in vivo. Collectively, we showed that CD8+ T cells in fetal membranes displayed a unique phenotype, and their activation was involved in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm birth, which provides novel insights into the immune mechanisms of preterm birth and potential targets for the prevention of this syndrome. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xintong Lai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuxu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cailian Chen
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing, Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Asma Khanniche
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yi Lin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Lan Y, Gao X, Xu H, Li M. 20 years of polybrominated diphenyl ethers on toxicity assessments. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 249:121007. [PMID: 38096726 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) serve as brominated flame retardants which continue to receive considerable attention because of their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity. Although PBDEs have been restricted and phased out, large amounts of commercial products containing PBDEs are still in use and discarded annually. Consequently, PBDEs added to products can be released into our surrounding environments, particularly in aquatic systems, thus posing great risks to human health. Many studies and reviews have described the possible toxic effects of PBDEs, while few studies have comprehensively summarized and analyzed the global trends of their toxicity assessment. Therefore, this study utilizes bibliometrics to evaluate the worldwide scientific output of PBDE toxicity and analyze the hotspots and future trends of this field. Firstly, the basic information including the most contributing countries/institutions, journals, co-citations, influential authors, and keywords involved in PBDE toxicity assessment will be visualized. Subsequently, the potential toxicity of PBDE exposure to diverse systems, such as endocrine, reproductive, neural, and gastrointestinal tract systems, and related toxic mechanisms will be discussed. Finally, we conclude this review by outlining the current challenges and future perspectives in environmentally relevant PBDE exposure, potential carriers for PBDE transport, the fate of PBDEs in the environment and human bodies, advanced stem cell-derived organoid models for toxicity assessment, and promising omics technologies for obtaining toxic mechanisms. This review is expected to offer systematical insights into PBDE toxicity assessments and facilitate the development of PBDE-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Lan
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, (Ron) Hoogenboom L, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Hart A, Rose M, Schroeder H, Vrijheid M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food. EFSA J 2024; 22:e8497. [PMID: 38269035 PMCID: PMC10807361 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in food, focusing on 10 congeners: BDE-28, -47, -49, -99, -100, -138, -153, -154, -183 and ‑209. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour and reproductive/developmental effects are the critical effects in rodent studies. For four congeners (BDE-47, -99, -153, -209) the Panel derived Reference Points, i.e. benchmark doses and corresponding lower 95% confidence limits (BMDLs), for endpoint-specific benchmark responses. Since repeated exposure to PBDEs results in accumulation of these chemicals in the body, the Panel estimated the body burden at the BMDL in rodents, and the chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans. For the remaining six congeners no studies were available to identify Reference Points. The Panel concluded that there is scientific basis for inclusion of all 10 congeners in a common assessment group and performed a combined risk assessment. The Panel concluded that the combined margin of exposure (MOET) approach was the most appropriate risk metric and applied a tiered approach to the risk characterisation. Over 84,000 analytical results for the 10 congeners in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary Lower Bound exposure to PBDEs were meat and meat products and fish and seafood. Taking into account the uncertainties affecting the assessment, the Panel concluded that it is likely that current dietary exposure to PBDEs in the European population raises a health concern.
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Sun Y, Xu Y, Wu H, Hou J. A critical review on BDE-209: Source, distribution, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108410. [PMID: 38160509 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
As the most widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, BDE-209 is commonly used in polymer-based commercial and household products. Due to its unique physicochemical properties, BDE-209 is ubiquitous in a variety of environmental compartments and can be exposed to organisms in various ways and cause toxic effects. The present review outlines the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of BDE-209 in the environment, influencing factors, toxicity, and degradation. BDE-209 has been detected in various environmental matrices including air, soil, water, and sediment. Additionally, environmental factors such as organic matter, total suspended particulate, hydrodynamic, wind, and temperature affecting BDE-209 are specifically discussed. Toxicity studies suggest BDE-209 may cause systemic toxic effects on living organisms, reproductive toxicity, embryo-fetal toxicity, genetic toxicity, endocrine toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, and developmental toxicity, or even be carcinogenic. BDE-209 has toxic effects on organisms mainly through epigenetic regulation and induction of oxidative stress. Evidence regarding the degradation of BDE-209, including biodegradation, photodegradation, Fenton degradation, zero-valent iron degradation, chemical oxidative degradation, and microwave radiation degradation is summarized. This review may contribute to assessing the environmental risks of BDE-209 to help develop rational management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiong Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanli Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haodi Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Akintunde ME, Lin YP, Krakowiak P, Pessah IN, Hertz-Picciotto I, Puschner B, Ashwood P, Van de Water J. Ex vivo exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) selectively affects the immune response in autistic children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 34:100697. [PMID: 38020477 PMCID: PMC10654005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Children on the autism spectrum have been shown to have immune dysregulation that often correlates with behavioral deficits. The role of the post-natal environment in this dysregulation is an area of active investigation. We examined the association between plasma levels of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and immune cell function in age-matched autistic children and non-autistic controls. Plasma from children on the autism spectrum (n = 38) and typically developing controls (TD; n = 60) were analyzed for 14 major PBDE congeners. Cytokine/chemokine production was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) supernatants with and without ex vivo BDE-49 exposure. Total plasma concentration (∑PBDE14) and individual congener levels were also correlated with T cell function. ∑PBDE14 did not differ between diagnostic groups but correlated with reduced immune function in children on the autism spectrum. In autistic children, IL-2 and IFN-γ production was reduced in association with several individual BDE congeners, especially BDE-49 (p = 0.001). Furthermore, when PBMCs were exposed ex vivo to BDE-49, cells from autistic children produced elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MIP-1α and MCP-1 (p < 0.05). Therefore, despite similar plasma levels of PBDE, these data suggest that PBMC function was differentially impacted in the context of several PBDE congeners in autistic children relative to TD children where increased body burden of PBDE significantly correlated with a suppressed immune response in autistic children but not TD controls. Further, acute ex vivo exposure of PBMCs to BDE-49 stimulates an elevated cytokine response in AU cases versus a depressed response in TD controls. These data suggest that exposure to the toxicant BDE-49 differentially impacts immune cell function in autistic children relative to TD children providing evidence for an underlying association between susceptibility to PBDE exposure and immune anomalies in children on the autism spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjannie Eloi Akintunde
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Yan-ping Lin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paula Krakowiak
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Isaac N. Pessah
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Paul Ashwood
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
- School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
| | - Judy Van de Water
- School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, United States
- The MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, United States
- NIEHS Center for Children's Environmental Health, University of California, Davis, United States
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7
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Ding Y, Chen Y, Feng W, Huang G, Dong M, Zhao T, Chen N, Yang L, Mao G, Wu X. Persistent immune injury induced by short-term decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) exposure to female middle-aged Balb/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111325-111343. [PMID: 37814044 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), widely used in various industries for its excellent flame-retardant performance, could be enriched in humans and is closely associated with immune impairment. In addition, immune system is gradually declined and becoming more sensitive to environmental pollutants in the ageing process. Therefore, the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 (4, 40, and 400 mg/kg/day) to middle-aged mice and its recovery and susceptibility was first to be comprehensively investigated in this study. The results showed that BDE-209 exposure could lead to oxidative injury to immune organs (spleen, thymus, and liver), impair humoral (immunoglobulins), cellular (lymphopoiesis), and non-specific immunity, and disturb the expressions of the genes related to Th1/Th2 balance (T helper cells) in the middle-aged mice. In addition, Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) indicated that BDE-209-induced immune impairment was challenging to self-regulated, and even exacerbated after 21 days of recovery and oxidative injury in immune organs could be the main reason. Furthermore, factorial analysis showed that middle-aged mice exposed to BDE-209 suffered from greater immune impairment than adult mice, and the immune impairment in aged mice is more difficult to be self-repaired than that in adult mice. It can be seen that the aged tend to suffer from BDE-209-induced persistent immune impairment and health threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- The Laboratory Animal Research Center of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guijuan Huang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyue Dong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Chen
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Xue J, Xiao Q, Zhang M, Li D, Wang X. Toxic Effects and Mechanisms of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13487. [PMID: 37686292 PMCID: PMC10487835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of flame retardants used in plastics, textiles, polyurethane foam, and other materials. They contain two halogenated aromatic rings bonded by an ester bond and are classified according to the number and position of bromine atoms. Due to their widespread use, PBDEs have been detected in soil, air, water, dust, and animal tissues. Besides, PBDEs have been found in various tissues, including liver, kidney, adipose, brain, breast milk and plasma. The continued accumulation of PBDEs has raised concerns about their potential toxicity, including hepatotoxicity, kidney toxicity, gut toxicity, thyroid toxicity, embryotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, neurotoxicity, and immunotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that there may be various mechanisms contributing to PBDEs toxicity. The present study aimed to outline PBDEs' toxic effects and mechanisms on different organ systems. Given PBDEs' bioaccumulation and adverse impacts on human health and other living organisms, we summarize PBDEs' effects and potential toxicity mechanisms and tend to broaden the horizons to facilitate the design of new prevention strategies for PBDEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Xue
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China; (Q.X.); (M.Z.); (D.L.)
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BDE-47 Induces Immunotoxicity in RAW264.7 Macrophages through the Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052036. [PMID: 36903282 PMCID: PMC10004313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are classic and emerging pollutants that are potentially harmful to the human immune system. Research on their immunotoxicity and mechanisms suggests that they play an important role in the resulting pernicious effects of PBDEs. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-47) is the most biotoxic PBDE congener, and, in this study, we evaluated its toxicity toward RAW264.7 cells of mouse macrophages. The results show that exposure to BDE-47 led to a significant decrease in cell viability and a prominent increase in apoptosis. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and an increase in cytochrome C release and caspase cascade activation thus demonstrate that cell apoptosis induced by BDE-47 occurs via the mitochondrial pathway. In addition, BDE-47 inhibits phagocytosis in RAW264.7 cells, changes the related immune factor index, and causes immune function damage. Furthermore, we discovered a significant increase in the level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the regulation of genes linked to oxidative stress was also demonstrated using transcriptome sequencing. The degree of apoptosis and immune function impairment caused by BDE-47 could be reversed after treatment with the antioxidant NAC and, conversely, exacerbated by treatment with the ROS-inducer BSO. These findings indicate that oxidative damage caused by BDE-47 is a critical event that leads to mitochondrial apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages, ultimately resulting in the suppression of immune function.
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Lamkin DM, Chen S, Bradshaw KP, Xu S, Faull KF, Sloan EK, Cole SW. Low-dose exposure to PBDE disrupts genomic integrity and innate immunity in mammary tissue. Front Genet 2022; 13:904607. [PMID: 36035174 PMCID: PMC9413140 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.904607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-dose mixture hypothesis of carcinogenesis proposes that exposure to an environmental chemical that is not individually oncogenic may nonetheless be capable of enabling carcinogenesis when it acts in concert with other factors. A class of ubiquitous environmental chemicals that are hypothesized to potentially function in this low-dose capacity are synthesized polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). PBDEs can affect correlates of carcinogenesis that include genomic instability and inflammation. However, the effect of low-dose PBDE exposure on such correlates in mammary tissue has not been examined. In the present study, low-dose long-term (16 weeks) administration of PBDE to mice modulated transcriptomic indicators of genomic integrity and innate immunity in normal mammary tissue. PBDE increased transcriptome signatures for the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2 Like 2 (NFE2L2) response to oxidative stress and decreased signatures for non-homologous end joining DNA repair (NHEJ). PBDE also decreased transcriptome signatures for the cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase - Stimulator of Interferon Genes (cGAS-STING) response, decreased indication of Interferon Stimulated Gene Factor 3 (ISGF3) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor activity, and increased digital cytometry estimates of immature dendritic cells (DCs) in mammary tissue. Replication of the PBDE exposure protocol in mice susceptible to mammary carcinogenesis resulted in greater tumor development. The results support the notion that ongoing exposure to low levels of PBDE can disrupt facets of genomic integrity and innate immunity in mammary tissue. Such effects affirm that synthesized PBDEs are a class of environmental chemicals that reasonably fit the low-dose mixture hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Lamkin
- Norman Cousins Center for PNI, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Donald M. Lamkin,
| | - Shiuan Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Karen P. Bradshaw
- Norman Cousins Center for PNI, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shili Xu
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kym F. Faull
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erica K. Sloan
- Norman Cousins Center for PNI, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre-Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Austalia
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Norman Cousins Center for PNI, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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11
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Berntsen HF, Bodin J, Øvrevik J, Berntsen CF, Østby GC, Brinchmann BC, Ropstad E, Myhre O. A human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants induces reactive oxygen species formation in isolated human leucocytes: Involvement of the β2-adrenergic receptor. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106900. [PMID: 34607039 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with immunotoxicity and other adverse effects in humans and animals. Previous studies on POPs have mainly focused on single chemicals, while studies on complex mixtures are limited. Using DCF and luminol assays we examined effects on ROS generation in isolated human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, after in vitro exposure to a total mixture and sub-mixtures of 29 persistent compounds (Cl, Br, and PFAA). The mixtures were based on compounds prominent in blood, breast milk, and/or food. All mixture combinations induced ROS production in one or several of the cell models, and in some cases even at concentrations corresponding to human blood levels (compound range 1 pM - 16 nM). Whilst some interactions were detected (assessed using a mixed linear model), halogenated subgroups mainly acted additively. Mechanistic studies in neutrophils at 500× human levels (0.5 nM - 8 µM) indicated similar mechanisms of action for the Cl, PFAA, the combined PFAA + Cl and total (PFAA + Br + Cl) mixtures, and ROS responses appeared to involve β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and Ca2+ signalling, as well as activation of NADPH oxidases. In line with this, the total mixture also increased cyclic AMP at levels comparable with the non-selective βAR agonist, isoproterenol. Although the detailed mechanisms involved in these responses remain to be elucidated, our data show that POP mixtures at concentrations found in human blood, may trigger stress responses in circulating immune cells. Mixtures of POPs, further seemed to interfere with adrenergic pathways, indicating a novel role of βARs in POP-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johanna Bodin
- Department of Methods Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Johan Øvrevik
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Christopher Friis Berntsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sykehuset Innlandet Hospital Trust, Gjøvik, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn C Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Bendik C Brinchmann
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330, Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway; Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003 NMBU, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Department of Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0456 Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Liao T, Li B, Zhang Z, Feng W, Chen Y, Ding Y, Chen H, Zhao T, Mao G, Wu X, Yang L. Short-term exposure of decabromodiphenyl ether in female adult Balb/c mice: Immune toxicity and self-recovery. Toxicol Lett 2021; 342:26-37. [PMID: 33571618 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a typical persistent organic pollutant, decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) is associated with various health risks, especially on immune system, which is sensitive to environmental pollutants. In addition, there is a problem of multi-index estimation and lack of comprehensive evaluation in immune toxicity study. In this study, the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 was systematically estimated from the aspects of immunopathology, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and non-specific immunity, etc., and integrated biomarker responses (IBR) combined with principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the immunotoxicity of BDE-209 and its self-recovery after discontinuation. Results showed that BDE-209 exposure could cause immunotoxicity. This response seems to depend on (1) atrophying immune organs (thymus and spleen), hepatomegaly accompanied by increasing aspartate aminotransferase and oxidative stress;(2) changing humoral (immunoglobulins) and cellular (lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion) immunity indices; (3) altering related expressions of genes, and further leading to imbalance of Th1/Th2 (Th, helper T cell). Integrated biomarker responses (IBR) companied with principal component analysis selected five biomarkers (mRNA expression of GATA-3, malondialdehyde level in thymus, count of white blood cell, serum IgG and lipopolysaccharide-induced splenic lymphocyte proliferation) to clarify the immunotoxicity induced by BDE-209. Furthermore, IBR combined with factorial analysis revealed that the effect of BDE-209 could be dose-dependently reduced after withdrawal of BDE-209. Overall results suggested that BDE-209 has immunotoxicity on adult Balb/c mice, whereas this immunotoxicity could be reduced by the self-regulation of organisms to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Liao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Baorui Li
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhehan Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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13
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Sun S, Jin Y, Yang J, Zhao Z, Rao Q. Nephrotoxicity and possible mechanisms of decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) exposure to kidney in broilers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111638. [PMID: 33396158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardant decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a widely used chemical in a variety of products and exists extensively in the environment. BDE-209 has been reported to induce kidney injury and dysfunction. However, the causes and mechanisms of its nephrotoxicity are still under investigation. In this study, 150 male broilers were exposed to BDE-209 concentrations of 0, 0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4.0 g/kg for 42 days. The relative kidney weight, histopathology, markers of renal injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and the expression of MAPK signaling pathways-related proteins were assessed. The results showed that the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), significantly increased after exposure to BDE-209 with the doses more than 0.04 g/kg. Similarly, severe damage of renal morphology was observed, including atrophy and necrosis of glomeruli, and swelling and granular degeneration of the renal tubular epithelium. In the renal homogenates, the oxidative stress was evidenced by the elevated concentrations of MDA and NO, and decreased levels of GSH-Px, GSH and SOD. Due to the inflammatory response, the level of NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18 were remarkably upregulated, while the content of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 decreased. Additionally, the apoptotic analysis showed notable upregulations of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the relative expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2, and the expression of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase 3. The present study indicates that BDE-209 exposure can cause nephrotoxicity in broilers through oxidative stress and inflammation, which activate the phosphorylation of key proteins of the MAPK signaling pathways, and subsequently induce mitochondria-mediated kidney apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Sun
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Qinxiong Rao
- Institute for Agri-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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14
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Da C, Wang R, Xia L, Huang Q, Cai J, Cai F, Gao C. Sediment records of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Yangtze River Delta of Yangtze River in China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 160:111714. [PMID: 33181970 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The spatial and temporal distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were investigated in five sediment cores from the Yangtze River Delta of Yangtze River in China. The surficial concentrations of nine tri- through hepta-BDE congeners (Σ9BDEs) and BDE209 were highest at urban sites S3 and S2, followed by rural site S1 and estuary sites S5 and S4, respectively, based on dry sediment weight. Both BDE209 and ∑9BDE concentrations exponentially increased between 1990 and 2008. Commercial deca-BDE, penta-BDE, and octa-BDE products were likely PBDE sources in the study area. The relative abundances of BDE209 were higher in sediment cores from estuary than those from urban and rural locations, ascribing to the atmospheric transport from the adjacent densely populated northern and eastern coastal regions. This conclusion was further confirmed by the higher ratios of BDE47/BDE99 and BDE100/BDE99 in cores from the estuary than those from other locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnian Da
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230022, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Linlin Xia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Qing Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiawei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Feixuan Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chongjing Gao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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15
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PDL1 blockage increases fetal resorption and Tfr cells but does not affect Tfh/Tfr ratio and B-cell maturation during allogeneic pregnancy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:119. [PMID: 32051396 PMCID: PMC7016117 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A successful pregnancy requires sophisticated regulation of uterine microenvironment to guarantee the existence of semi-allogeneic conceptus without immune rejection. T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells exert a suppressive effect on Tfh-cell expansion, B-cell response, and antibody production. Although accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dysregulations of Tfr cells can bring on various immunological diseases, their immunomodulatory roles during pregnancy still remain unheeded. Herein, we introduced an allogeneic normal-pregnant mouse model and found that CD4+CXCR5hiPD-1hiFoxp3+ Tfr cells were preferentially accumulated in the uterus at mid-gestation and displayed a distinct phenotype. In addition, the absence of PDL1 resulted in increased fetal resorption by favoring Tfr cells accumulation and upregulating PD-1 expression on these cells. However, PDL1 blockade affected neither the ratio of Tfh/Tfr cells nor the maturation and differentiation of B cells. Overall, our results are the first to present a correlation of Tfr cells accumulation with healthy allogeneic pregnancy and PDL1 blockade-induced miscarriage, and to indicate that appropriate assembly of Tfr cells is important for pregnancy maintenance. Since blockade of PD-1-PDL1 pathway leads to more Tfr cells and fetal losses, the reproductive safety must be taken into consideration when PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy is used in pregnancy.
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16
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Zhou C, Pagano J, McGoldrick DJ, Chen D, Crimmins BS, Hopke PK, Milligan MS, Murphy EW, Holsen TM. Legacy Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Trends in Top Predator Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL) from 1979 to 2016: Will Concentrations Continue to Decrease? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6650-6659. [PMID: 31141349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as fire retardants and have been detected throughout the Great Lakes (GL) ecosystem. The concentration trends (after fish age normalization) of PBDEs in top predator fish (lake trout and walleye) of the GLs were determined from 1979 to 2016, which includes most of the period when PBDEs were manufactured and used in this region. The fish samples were collected by two national (U.S. and Canada) long-term monitoring and surveillance programs. Trends in total concentrations (age-normalized) of the five major PBDE congeners (BDE-47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) found in fish across all five lakes have varied over time. Significant increases were observed from 1990 to 2000 (16.3% per year). Rapidly decreasing concentrations (-19.5% per year) were found from 2000 to 2007. Since 2007, the decreasing trend has become smaller (less than -5.5% per year) and relatively unchanged from 2011 to 2015. BDE-47, the congener with the highest concentrations in lake trout, has decreased continuously (ranging from -6.7% to -16.2% per year) in all lakes except Lake Erie. This decrease can be associated with the voluntary and regulatory phase out of production and/or usage of PBDEs since 2000. However, it has been offset by recent (since 2007) increasing trends of the other four higher brominated BDE congeners, especially BDE-100 and 154. Production and usage of commercial penta- and octa- BDE mixtures containing primarily the five major PBDE congeners was discontinued in 2004 in the U.S.A. and 2008 in Canada. These results indicate increasing fish uptake and bioaccumulation of higher brominated BDE congeners may be related to the transformation of BDE-209 to lower brominated BDE compounds in the GL environment or food web. Considering the abundance of BDE-209 in existing products and sediment in GL region, the duration of the unchanging total PBDE concentration trend in GL fish could be longer than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
| | - James Pagano
- Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Oswego , Oswego , New York 13126 , United States
| | - Daryl J McGoldrick
- Environment & Climate Change Canada , Water Science and Technology Directorate , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
- AEACS, LLC. , New Kensington , Pennsylvania 15068 , United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Michael S Milligan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , State University of New York at Fredonia , Houghton Hall , Fredonia , New York 14063 , United States
| | - Elizabeth W Murphy
- Great Lakes National Program Office , United States Environmental Protection Agency , 77 W. Jackson Boulevard , Chicago , Illinois 60604 , United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
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17
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Chen Y, Liu S, Xu H, Zheng H, Bai C, Pan W, Zhou H, Liao M, Huang C, Dong Q. Maternal exposure to low dose BDE209 and Pb mixture induced neurobehavioral anomalies in C57BL/6 male offspring. Toxicology 2019; 418:70-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Zeng W, Liu X, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Yu T, Fu S, Li X, Zhang J, Zhang S, Ma X, Liu XR, Qin X, Khanniche A, Zhang Y, Tian F, Lin Y. Deep Surveying of the Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Signatures for Decidual CD8 + T Cells at the First Trimester of Human Healthy Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:937. [PMID: 29780389 PMCID: PMC5946033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidual CD8+ (dCD8) T cells have been proposed to play important roles in immune protection against the invading pathogens and in tolerance toward the growing semi-allogeneic fetus during early pregnancy. However, their phenotypic and functional characteristics remain poorly defined. Here, we performed the first analysis of the transcriptional and alternative splicing (AS) signatures for human first-trimester dCD8 T cells using high-throughput mRNA sequencing. Our data revealed that dCD8 T cells have distinct transcriptional and AS landscapes when compared with their autologous peripheral blood CD8+ (pCD8) T counterparts. Furthermore, human dCD8 T cells were observed to contain CD8-Treg and effector-memory T-cell subsets, and display enhanced functionality in terms of degranulation and cytokine production on a per-cell basis. Additionally, we have identified the novel splice junctions that use a high ratio of the non-canonical splicing motif GC-AG and found that AS is not a major contributor to the gene expression-level changes between paired pCD8 and dCD8 T cells. Together, our findings not only provide a comprehensive framework of the transcriptional and AS landscapes but also reveal the functional feature of human dCD8 T cells, which are of great importance in understanding the biology of these cells and the physiology of human healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zeng
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Out-Patient Operatingroom, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaliu Fu
- School of Life Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Asma Khanniche
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Ngo Thai Bich V, Hongu T, Miura Y, Katagiri N, Ohbayashi N, Yamashita-Kanemaru Y, Shibuya A, Funakoshi Y, Kanaho Y. Physiological function of phospholipase D2 in anti-tumor immunity: regulation of CD8 + T lymphocyte proliferation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6283. [PMID: 29674728 PMCID: PMC5908902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two major phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes in mammals, PLD1 and PLD2, hydrolyze the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine to choline and the lipid messenger phosphatidic acid. Although their roles in cancer cells have been well studied, their functions in tumor microenvironment have not yet been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that PLD2 in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells plays a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating their cell proliferation. We found that growth of tumors formed by subcutaneously transplanted cancer cells is enhanced in Pld2-knockout mice. Interestingly, this phenotype was found to be at least in part attributable to the ablation of Pld2 from bone marrow cells. The number of CD8+ T cells, which induce cancer cell death, significantly decreased in the tumor produced in Pld2-knockout mice. In addition, CD3/CD28-stimulated proliferation of primary cultured splenic CD8+ T cells is markedly suppressed by Pld2 ablation. Finally, CD3/CD28-dependent activation of Erk1/2 and Ras is inhibited in Pld2-deleted CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that PLD2 in CD8+ T cells plays a key role in their proliferation through activation of the Ras/Erk signaling pathway, thereby regulating anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngo Thai Bich
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Hongu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Naohiro Katagiri
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Norihiko Ohbayashi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamashita-Kanemaru
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.,Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba,, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Funakoshi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Kanaho
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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20
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Peripheral CD19 hi B cells exhibit activated phenotype and functionality in promoting IgG and IgM production in human autoimmune diseases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13921. [PMID: 29066741 PMCID: PMC5655037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and pemphigus are two representative autoimmune diseases driven by pathogenic autoantibody systemically and organ-specifically, respectively. Given the involvement of antibody in the pathogenesis, B cells are inclined to differentiate and function in an abnormal activation model. Here we defined a unique CD19hi B cell population existing in the periphery of SLE and pemphigus patients as well as in human tonsils. CD19hi B cells could be induced in vitro after co-culturing fully activated CD4+ T cells with autologous B cells. They expressed high levels of HLA-DR, IgG, IgM and multiple ligands of costimulatory molecules with the capacity to produce extra IgG and IgM. Transcirptome assay revealed that genes involved in B-cell activation and differentiation were up-regulated in CD19hi B cells. Antibody blockade experiments showed that the interactions between costimulatory molecules contributed to CD19hi B-cell generation and IgG/IgM production. What is more, frequencies of peripheral CD19hi B cells from SLE and pemphigus patients were correlated with serum total IgG and IgM, but not with autoantigen-specific antibodies and disease severity. Therefore, our investigation demonstrates that CD19hi B cells might contain B cell precursors for terminal differentiation and contribute to total IgG/IgM production in human autoimmune diseases.
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Zeng W, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhang S, Khanniche A, Zheng Y, Ma X, Yu T, Tian F, Liu XR, Fan J, Lin Y. Distinct Transcriptional and Alternative Splicing Signatures of Decidual CD4 + T Cells in Early Human Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:682. [PMID: 28659920 PMCID: PMC5466981 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidual CD4+ T (dCD4 T) cells are crucial for the maternal-fetal immune tolerance required for a healthy pregnancy outcome. However, their molecular and functional characteristics are not well elucidated. In this study, we performed the first analysis of transcriptional and alternative splicing (AS) landscapes for paired decidual and peripheral blood CD4+ T (pCD4 T) cells in human early pregnancy using high throughput mRNA sequencing. Our data showed that dCD4 T cells are endowed with a unique transcriptional signature when compared to pCD4 T cells: dCD4 T cells upregulate 1,695 genes enriched in immune system process whereas downregulate 1,011 genes mainly related to mRNA catabolic process and the ribosome. Moreover, dCD4 T cells were observed to be at M phase, and show increased activation, proliferation, and cytokine production, as well as display an effector-memory phenotype and a heterogenous nature containing Th1, Th17, and Treg cell subsets. However, dCD4 T cells undergo a comparable number of upregulated and downregulated AS events, both of which are enriched in the genes related to cellular metabolic process. And the changes at the AS event level do not reflect measurable differences at the gene expression level in dCD4 T cells. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive portrait of the unique transcriptional signature and AS profile of CD4+ T cells in human decidua and help us gain more understanding of the functional characteristic of these cells during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zeng
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmei Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Asma Khanniche
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Out-patient Operating Room, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiantian Yu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianxia Fan
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zeng W, Liu Z, Zhang S, Ren J, Ma X, Qin C, Tian F, Zhang Y, Lin Y. Characterization of T follicular helper cells in allogeneic normal pregnancy and PDL1 blockage-induced abortion. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36560. [PMID: 27819282 PMCID: PMC5098204 DOI: 10.1038/srep36560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the immunological events during pregnancy will provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. The fundamental function of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells is to provide cognate help to B cells. Dysregulations of Tfh-cell function and/or development can result in various immunological diseases. However, the role and characteristics of Tfh cells during pregnancy remain unknown. Herein, an allogeneic-normal-pregnant mouse model was used, and we found that the CD4+ T cells residing at the uterus and placenta (UP) displayed a Tfh-like phenotype; and the UP-derived CD4+CXCR5hiPD-1hi and CD4+CXCR5hiICOShi Tfh cells, which showed a memory/activation phenotype, reached their peak at mid-pregnancy. These Tfh cells were located abundantly in the uterus at mid-pregnancy, but greatly increased in the placenta at late-pregnancy. Furthermore, increased foetal resorption by PDL1 blockade correlated with enhanced accumulation of Tfh cells and upregulated expressions of ICOS and PD-1 on these cells. Collectively, our findings are the first to indicate that an adequate and balanced accumulation of Tfh cells during gestation is likely to help maintaining a successful pregnancy, whereas an excessively high level of these cells could lead to abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Zeng
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Zhicui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Jiabin Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Chuanmei Qin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Fuju Tian
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, the International Peace Maternity &Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, P. R. China
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Zhang Q, Ji C, Yin X, Yan L, Lu M, Zhao M. Thyroid hormone-disrupting activity and ecological risk assessment of phosphorus-containing flame retardants by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 210:27-33. [PMID: 26701863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, phosphorus-containing flame retardants (PFRs) have been frequently detected in various environmental media and biota - and in humans - as the result of steady increase in global usage of PFRs. However, studies on the potential health and ecological risks of PFRs are still scarce. In this study, we investigated the thyroid hormone-disrupting activity and ecological risk of nine frequently detected PFRs by in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Results from the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that tributyl phosphate (TNBP), tricresyl phosphate (TMPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl)phosphate (TDCIPP) exerted thyroid receptor β (TRβ) antagonistic activity, with the values of RIC20 of 5.2 × 10(-7), 2.7 × 10(-7), 1.2 × 10(-6) and 6.8 × 10(-6) M, respectively. Molecular docking platform simulations suggested that the observed effects may be attributed to direct binding of PFRs to TR. Results from the T-screen assay indicated that TNBP and TMPP showed T3 antagonistic activity and thus significantly decreased the viability of GH3 cell lines in the presence of T3. The exposure assay using Xenopus tropicalis embryos revealed the potential teratogenic effect of TNBP, TMPP, TCIPP and TDCIPP. In conclusion, our studies revealed that some PFRs were potential thyroid hormone disruptors and may cause health and ecological risks. However, the mode of action of PFRs on TR remains uncertain. The correlation between the predicted affinity and the amplitude of the effect observed in cell based assay is encouraging, but not decisive. Further in vitro binding experiments of TR and PFRs are required. At the same time, the results provided here also demonstrated that multi-model approaches are of great importance to comprehensively evaluate the potential risks of emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenyang Ji
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Xiaohui Yin
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China; School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lu Yan
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meiya Lu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Feng Y, Zeng W, Wang Y, Shen H, Wang Y. Long-term exposure to high levels of decabrominated diphenyl ether inhibits CD4 T-cell functions in C57Bl/6 mice. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:1112-9. [PMID: 26682527 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the adverse health effects of decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) have raised more concerns as a growing number of studies reported its persistence in the environment and abundance in the human population, especially in occupational environmental compartments and exposed personnel. This study applies our previous animal model simulating occupational exposure to BDE-209 to investigate its potential adverse effects on CD4 T cells. Female C57Bl/6 mice were orally gavaged with BDE-209 at a dose of 800 mg kg(-1) every 2 days for 10 months and the blood of each mouse was collected for analysis. Kinetic changes of the peripheral immune system were investigated from 1 to 5 months of exposure. The chronic effects on cytokine production, proliferation and the antigen-specific responses of CD4 T cells were evaluated at 7, 9 and 10 months, respectively. The results have shown that impaired proliferation and cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2 or TNF-α) production of CD4 T cells were observed in BDE-209-exposed mice, accompanied by increased T regulatory cells in the blood. BDE-209 exposure in vitro also suppressed the reactivity of CD4 T cells at concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 μM. Furthermore, we observed weaker antigen-specific CD4 T-cell responses to Listeria monocytogenes infection in the mice exposed to BDE-209, suggesting decreased resistance to exogenous pathogens. Taken together, these observations indicate an impaired cellular immunity after long-term and relative high-dose exposure to BDE-209 in adult mice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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25
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Feng Y, Hu Q, Meng G, Wu X, Zeng W, Zhang X, Yu Y, Wang Y. Simulating long-term occupational exposure to decabrominated diphenyl ether using C57BL/6 mice: biodistribution and pathology. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:118-124. [PMID: 25687576 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Decabrominated biphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a fully brominated diphenyl ether compound used widely as an additive brominated flame retardant in a variety of consumer products. In recent years, BDE-209 has been reported to be abundant and persistent in the environment, and comparatively high burdens have been found in occupational environmental compartments and exposed individuals. In the present study, an animal model for simulating long-term occupational exposure to BDE-209 was set up. Female C57BL/6 mice (n=10) were intragastrically administered BDE-209 at a dose of 800 mg kg(-1) bw at 2-d intervals for 2 years with an internal blood level of approximately 200 ng mL(-1), which was comparable to the high level of BDE-209 detected in the occupational population, and the biodistribution and biological effects were evaluated systematically. The results showed that large amounts of the chemical accumulated in most tissues, and the preferential organs were the ovary and uterus, liver and lung. Decreased survival was observed in the exposed mice. The subsequent pathological analysis revealed hepatomegaly in the exposed mice, accompanied by obvious histopathological changes in the liver, lung, brain, spleen, kidney and ovary. No neoplastic lesions were observed in this lifetime exposure study. Although the number of experimental mice was limited, our observations offer a comprehensive understanding of the chronic toxicology of BDE-209 after continuous high-dose exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qingliang Hu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Ge Meng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Weihong Zeng
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Yingxin Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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