1
|
Stantis C, Schaefer BJ, Correia MA, Alaica AK, Huffer D, Plomp E, Di Giusto M, Chidimuro B, Rose AK, Nayak A, Kendall EJ. Ethics and applications of isotope analysis in archaeology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024:e24992. [PMID: 38949078 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This synthesis explores specific ethical questions that commonly arise in isotopic analysis. For more than four decades, isotope analysis has been employed in archeological studies to explore past human and animal dietary habits, mobility patterns, and the environment in which a human or animal inhabited during life. These analyses require consideration of ethical issues. While theoretical concepts are discussed, we focus on practical aspects: working with descendant communities and other rights holders, choosing methods, creating and sharing data, and working mindfully within academia. These layers of respect and care should surround our science. This paper is relevant for specialists in isotope analysis as well as those incorporating these methods into larger projects. By covering the whole of the research process, from design to output management, we appeal broadly to archaeology and provide actionable solutions that build on the discussions in the general field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Stantis
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin J Schaefer
- Department of Anthropology, Gender and Women's Studies, and Latin American and Latino Studies, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- The Center for the Recovery and Identification of the Missing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Anthropology, The Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Ana Correia
- Interdisciplinary Center for Archaeology and the Evolution of Human Behaviour (ICArEHB), Universidade do Algarve, Algarve, Portugal
- Laboratório de Arqueologia e Antropologia Ambiental e Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksa K Alaica
- Department of Anthropology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Damien Huffer
- Department of History, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Social Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- The Alliance to Counter Crime Online, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Esther Plomp
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Di Giusto
- Museu de Arqueologia e Etnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Blessing Chidimuro
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Alice K Rose
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Ayushi Nayak
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Childebayeva A, Zavala EI. Review: Computational analysis of human skeletal remains in ancient DNA and forensic genetics. iScience 2023; 26:108066. [PMID: 37927550 PMCID: PMC10622734 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Degraded DNA is used to answer questions in the fields of ancient DNA (aDNA) and forensic genetics. While aDNA studies typically center around human evolution and past history, and forensic genetics is often more concerned with identifying a specific individual, scientists in both fields face similar challenges. The overlap in source material has prompted periodic discussions and studies on the advantages of collaboration between fields toward mutually beneficial methodological advancements. However, most have been centered around wet laboratory methods (sampling, DNA extraction, library preparation, etc.). In this review, we focus on the computational side of the analytical workflow. We discuss limitations and considerations to consider when working with degraded DNA. We hope this review provides a framework to researchers new to computational workflows for how to think about analyzing highly degraded DNA and prompts an increase of collaboration between the forensic genetics and aDNA fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Elena I. Zavala
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bader AC, Van Zuylen EM, Handsley-Davis M, Alegado RA, Benezra A, Pollet RM, Ehau-Taumaunu H, Weyrich LS, Anderson MZ. A relational framework for microbiome research with Indigenous communities. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1768-1776. [PMID: 37770743 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Ethical practices in human microbiome research have failed to keep pace with scientific advances in the field. Researchers seeking to 'preserve' microbial species associated with Indigenous groups, but absent from industrialized populations, have largely failed to include Indigenous people in knowledge co-production or benefit, perpetuating a legacy of intellectual and material extraction. We propose a framework centred on relationality among Indigenous peoples, researchers and microbes, to guide ethical microbiome research. Our framework centres accountability to flatten historical power imbalances that favour researcher perspectives and interests to provide space for Indigenous worldviews in pursuit of Indigenous research sovereignty. Ethical inclusion of Indigenous communities in microbiome research can provide health benefits for all populations and reinforce mutually beneficial partnerships between researchers and the public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Essie M Van Zuylen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin North, Dunedin, New Zealand
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matilda Handsley-Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rosanna A Alegado
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Amber Benezra
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
| | | | - Hanareia Ehau-Taumaunu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Matthew Z Anderson
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Center for Genomic Science Innovation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tamburrini C, Dahinten SL, Saihueque RRR, Ávila-Arcos MC, Parolin ML. Towards an ethical and legal framework in archeogenomics: A local case in the Atlantic coast of central Patagonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:161-176. [PMID: 37525572 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Ethical discussions around ancient DNA (aDNA) research predate the technological breakthroughs that led to the accelerated generation of ancient genomic data, revealing a long-due need to address these aspects in the field. Given the diverse conflicts that genomics has raised towards the communities associated with the Non-living Human Ancestors under study, it has been suggested that the ethical and legal implications of genetically studying present-day and ancient human populations should be considered case-by-case. Nevertheless, the discussions have focused on US and European perspectives. To contribute from a local and Latin American position to the problem, we present the history of consensus and disagreement of the relationships between scientists and Indigenous communities of the Atlantic coast of the central Argentinian Patagonia. We describe how these relationships resulted in the approval of a groundbreaking provincial law that acknowledges the Indigenous community's right to be involved in decision-making concerning their Ancestors. In addition, we emphasize how these established relationships allowed the development of aDNA studies. With this background, we address the main ethical concerns of genomic studies of Ancestors identified in the reference literature and commit to applying some of the recommendations suggested in those ethical guidelines. Then, we reflect on possible negative consequences of ongoing research and propose some suggestions based on personal experiences that will contribute to moving the ethical field towards a more contextualized science with a local perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Tamburrini
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lucrecia Dahinten
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Rubén Ricardo Romero Saihueque
- Dirección de Asuntos Indígenas, Subsecretaría de Derechos Humanos, Ministerio de Gobierno y Justicia del Chubut, Rawson, Chubut, Argentina
| | - María C Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María Laura Parolin
- Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral (IDEAus, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bader AC, Carbaugh AE, Davis JL, Krupa KL, Malhi RS. Biological samples taken from Native American Ancestors are human remains under NAGPRA. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37052272 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) provides a specific framework for the disposition of Native American Ancestral remains within its purview. However, samples such as a bone fragment, tooth, or other biological tissue taken from the remains of these Ancestors have been treated by institutions and researchers as independent of the individual from whom they were removed and used in destructive research such as paleogenomic and other archaeometric analyses without consultation, consent, and collaboration from Native American communities; are not cared for in keeping with the current best practices for Indigenous Ancestors; and are not likely to be repatriated to their communities. Here, we demonstrate that any biological samples removed from Ancestors who are covered under NAGPRA must also be handled according to the stipulations defined for "human remains" within the legislation. As such, we are not proposing a change to existing legislation, but rather best practices, specific to the context of the United States and NAGPRA, relating to the use of and care for biological samples taken from Native American Ancestors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Culture and History, Sealaska Heritage Institute, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Aimée E Carbaugh
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jenny L Davis
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- American Indian Studies Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Krystiana L Krupa
- Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Innovation, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ripan S Malhi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- American Indian Studies Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mc Cartney AM, Head MA, Tsosie KS, Sterner B, Glass JR, Paez S, Geary J, Hudson M. Indigenous peoples and local communities as partners in the sequencing of global eukaryotic biodiversity. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2023; 2:8. [PMID: 38693997 PMCID: PMC11062294 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The aim to sequence, catalog, and characterize the genomes of all of Earth's eukaryotic biodiversity is the shared mission of many ongoing large-scale biodiversity genomics initiatives. Reference genomes of global flora and fauna have the potential to inform a broad range of major issues facing both biodiversity and humanity, such as the impact of climate change, the conservation of endangered species and ecosystems, public health crises, and the preservation and enhancement of ecosystem services. Biodiversity is dramatically declining: 28% of species being assessed by the IUCN are threatened with extinction, and recent reports suggest that a transformative change is needed to conserve and protect what remains. To provide a collective and global genomic response to the biodiversity crisis, many biodiversity genomics initiatives have come together, creating a network of networks under the Earth BioGenome Project. This network seeks to expedite the creation of an openly available, "public good" encyclopedia of high-quality eukaryotic reference genomes, in the hope that by advancing our basic understanding of nature, it can lead to the transformational scientific developments needed to conserve and protect global biodiversity. Key to completing this ambitious encyclopedia of reference genomes, is the ability to responsibly, ethically, legally, and equitably access and use samples from all of the eukaryotic species across the planet, including those that are under the custodianship of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities. Here, the biodiversity genomics community is subject to the provisions codified in international, national, and local legislations and customary community norms, principles, and protocols. We propose a framework to support biodiversity genomic researchers, projects, and initiatives in building trustworthy and sustainable partnerships with communities, providing minimum recommendations on how to access, utilize, preserve, handle, share, analyze, and communicate samples, genomics data, and associated Traditional Knowledge obtained from, and in partnership with, Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities across the data-lifecycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. A. Head
- Te Kotahi Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - K. S. Tsosie
- Native BioData Consortium, Eagle Butte, SD USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - B. Sterner
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - J. R. Glass
- Department of Fisheries, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA
| | - S. Paez
- Neurogenetics of Language, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY USA
| | - J. Geary
- School for the Future of Innovation in Society, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ USA
| | - M. Hudson
- Te Kotahi Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cortez AD, Lippert D, Davis JL, Nicholas G, Malhi RS, Weyrich LS, Claw KG, Bader AC, Colwell C. Extracting the practices of paleogenomics: A study of ancient DNA labs and research in relation to Native Americans and Indigenous peoples. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36799477 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The field of paleogenomics has rapidly grown, influencing a range of scientific fields and drawing notice from the public. In the United States, this work is especially salient for Native Americans, who are frequently the subject of ancient DNA analyses, but are less frequently included as researchers, collaborators, or advisors. This article seeks to deepen our understanding of the current state of paleogenomics so that the field can center Indigenous peoples and their experiences, knowledges, and stakes in the research process. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with researchers from three paleogenomics labs located in North America and Europe. We used a responsive interviewing technique where the interview resembled a conversation around a set of questions that could change depending upon the interviewee's answers and experiences. We then employed a theme-based analysis of the interviews. RESULTS Through this analysis, we are able to identify practices in the field related to training, the structuring of labs and projects, consent, data control, Ancestor care, and funding that influence various forms of engagement with Indigenous peoples, and which foster or delimit ethical commitments to descendant communities. DISCUSSION This research not only elucidates contemporary practices in paleogenomics labs but also identifies specific areas of potential intervention to help researchers work toward ethical and collaborative paleogenomic research with Indigenous peoples. Using these results, researchers and community advocates can work toward reorienting the field of paleogenomics toward ethical research with Indigenous peoples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dorothy Lippert
- Repatriation Office, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jenny L Davis
- American Indian Studies, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - George Nicholas
- Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Ripan S Malhi
- Department of Anthropology, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Laura S Weyrich
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Charlier P, Bourdin V, Augias A, Brun L, Kenmogne JB, Josue E. Are museums the future of evolutionary medicine? Front Genet 2022; 13:1043702. [PMCID: PMC9691883 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1043702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Charlier
- Department of Research and High Education, Quai Branly—Jacques Chirac Museum, rue de l’université, Paris, France
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
- Foundation Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (FAAB), Institut de France, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Philippe Charlier,
| | - Virginie Bourdin
- Department of Research and High Education, Quai Branly—Jacques Chirac Museum, rue de l’université, Paris, France
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Augias
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
| | - Luc Brun
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Parakou, Benin
| | - Jean-Blaise Kenmogne
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
- CIPCRE, Bafoussam, Cameroon
| | - Erol Josue
- Laboratory Anthropology, Archaeology, Biology (LAAB), Paris-Saclay University (UVSQ), Paris, France
- National Bureau of Ethnology, Port-au-prince, Haïti
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ávila-Arcos MC, de la Fuente Castro C, Nieves-Colón MA, Raghavan M. Recommendations for Sustainable Ancient DNA Research in the Global South: Voices From a New Generation of Paleogenomicists. Front Genet 2022; 13:880170. [PMID: 35559028 PMCID: PMC9086539 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Paleogenomics - the study of ancient genomes - has made significant contributions, especially to our understanding of the evolutionary history of humans. This knowledge influx has been a direct result of the coupling of next-generation sequencing with improved methods for DNA recovery and analysis of ancient samples. The appeal of ancient DNA studies in the popular media coupled with the trend for such work to be published in “high impact” journals has driven the amassing of ancestral human remains from global collections, often with limited to no engagement or involvement of local researchers and communities. This practice in the paleogenomics literature has led to limited representation of researchers from the Global South at the research design and subsequent stages. Additionally, Indigenous and descendant communities are often alienated from popular and academic narratives that both involve and impact them, sometimes adversely. While some countries have safeguards against ‘helicopter science’, such as federally regulated measures to protect their biocultural heritage, there is variable oversight in others with regard to sampling and exportation of human remains for destructive research, and differing requirements for accountability or consultation with local researchers and communities. These disparities reveal stark contrasts and gaps in regional policies that lend themselves to persistent colonial practices. While essential critiques and conversations in this sphere are taking place, these are primarily guided through the lens of US-based heritage legislation such as the Native American Graves and Protection Act (NAGPRA). In this article, we aim to expand the scope of ongoing conversations by taking into account diverse regional contexts and challenges drawing from our own research experiences in the field of paleogenomics. We emphasize that true collaborations involve knowledge sharing, capacity building, mutual respect, and equitable participation, all of which take time and the implementation of sustainable research methods; amass-and-publish strategy is simply incompatible with this ethos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Ávila-Arcos
- International Laboratory for Human Genome Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Maria A Nieves-Colón
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Maanasa Raghavan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fleskes RE, Bader AC, Tsosie KS, Wagner JK, Claw KG, Garrison NA. Ethical Guidance in Human Paleogenomics: New and Ongoing Perspectives. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2022; 23:627-652. [PMID: 35537469 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-genom-120621-090239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the study of ancient genomes from Ancestral humans, or human paleogenomic research, has expanded rapidly in both scale and scope. Ethical discourse has subsequently emerged to address issues of social responsibility and scientific robusticity in conducting research. Here, we highlight and contextualize the primary sources of professional ethical guidance aimed at paleogenomic researchers. We describe the tension among existing guidelines, while addressing core issues such as consent, destructive research methods, and data access and management. Currently, there is a dissonance between guidelines that focus on scientific outcomes and those that hold scientists accountable to stakeholder communities, such as descendants. Thus, we provide additional tools to navigate the complexities of ancient DNA research while centering engagement with stakeholder communities in the scientific process. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, Volume 23 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E Fleskes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA;
| | - Alyssa C Bader
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; .,Sealaska Heritage Institute, Juneau, Alaska, USA
| | - Krystal S Tsosie
- Native BioData Consortium, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, USA; .,College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer K Wagner
- School of Engineering Design, Technology, and Professional Programs; Institute for Computational and Data Sciences; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA;
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, Institute for Precision Health, and Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Argüelles JM, Fuentes A, Yáñez B. Analyzing asymmetries and praxis in aDNA research: A bioanthropological critique. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
12
|
Pedersen MW, Antunes C, De Cahsan B, Moreno-Mayar JV, Sikora M, Vinner L, Mann D, Klimov PB, Black S, Michieli CT, Braig HR, Perotti MA. Ancient human genomes and environmental DNA from the cement attaching 2,000 year-old head lice nits. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 39:6481551. [PMID: 34963129 PMCID: PMC8829908 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, there has been a growing demand for genome analysis of ancient human remains. Destructive sampling is increasingly difficult to obtain for ethical reasons, and standard methods of breaking the skull to access the petrous bone or sampling remaining teeth are often forbidden for curatorial reasons. However, most ancient humans carried head lice and their eggs abound in historical hair specimens. Here we show that host DNA is protected by the cement that glues head lice nits to the hair of ancient Argentinian mummies, 1,500–2,000 years old. The genetic affinities deciphered from genome-wide analyses of this DNA inform that this population migrated from north-west Amazonia to the Andes of central-west Argentina; a result confirmed using the mitochondria of the host lice. The cement preserves ancient environmental DNA of the skin, including the earliest recorded case of Merkel cell polyomavirus. We found that the percentage of human DNA obtained from nit cement equals human DNA obtained from the tooth, yield 2-fold compared with a petrous bone, and 4-fold to a bloodmeal of adult lice a millennium younger. In metric studies of sheaths, the length of the cement negatively correlates with the age of the specimens, whereas hair linear distance between nit and scalp informs about the environmental conditions at the time before death. Ectoparasitic lice sheaths can offer an alternative, nondestructive source of high-quality ancient DNA from a variety of host taxa where bones and teeth are not available and reveal complementary details of their history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel W Pedersen
- GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catia Antunes
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Binia De Cahsan
- GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Víctor Moreno-Mayar
- GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Sikora
- GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Vinner
- GLOBE Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darren Mann
- Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pavel B Klimov
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Stuart Black
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, Wager Building, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Catalina Teresa Michieli
- Instituto de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo "Prof. Mariano Gambier", Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Henk R Braig
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom.,Institute and Museum of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences, National University of San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - M Alejandra Perotti
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Willerslev E, Meltzer DJ. Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics. Nature 2021; 594:356-364. [PMID: 34135521 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In less than a decade, analyses of ancient genomes have transformed our understanding of the Indigenous peopling and population history of the Americas. These studies have shown that this history, which began in the late Pleistocene epoch and continued episodically into the Holocene epoch, was far more complex than previously thought. It is now evident that the initial dispersal involved the movement from northeast Asia of distinct and previously unknown populations, including some for whom there are no currently known descendants. The first peoples, once south of the continental ice sheets, spread widely, expanded rapidly and branched into multiple populations. Their descendants-over the next fifteen millennia-experienced varying degrees of isolation, admixture, continuity and replacement, and their genomes help to illuminate the relationships among major subgroups of Native American populations. Notably, all ancient individuals in the Americas, save for later-arriving Arctic peoples, are more closely related to contemporary Indigenous American individuals than to any other population elsewhere, which challenges the claim-which is based on anatomical evidence-that there was an early, non-Native American population in the Americas. Here we review the patterns revealed by ancient genomics that help to shed light on the past peoples who created the archaeological landscape, and together lead to deeper insights into the population and cultural history of the Americas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eske Willerslev
- GeoGenetics Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David J Meltzer
- Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dunnavant J, Justinvil D, Colwell C. Craft an African American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Nature 2021; 593:337-340. [PMID: 34012089 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-01320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
15
|
Lugli F, Sciutto G, Oliveri P, Malegori C, Prati S, Gatti L, Silvestrini S, Romandini M, Catelli E, Casale M, Talamo S, Iacumin P, Benazzi S, Mazzeo R. Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) and normalized difference image (NDI) data processing: An advanced method to map collagen in archaeological bones. Talanta 2021; 226:122126. [PMID: 33676680 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an innovative and highly efficient near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) method is proposed to provide spectral maps able to reveal collagen distribution in large-size bones, also offering semi-quantitative estimations. A recently introduced method for the construction of chemical maps, based on Normalized Difference Images (NDI), is declined in an innovative approach, through the exploitation of the NDI values computed for each pixel of the hyperspectral image to localize collagen and to extract information on its content by a direct comparison with known reference samples. The developed approach addresses an urgent issue of the analytical chemistry applied to bioarcheology researches, which rely on well-preserved collagen in bones to obtain key information on chronology, paleoecology and taxonomy. Indeed, the high demand for large-sample datasets and the consequent application of a wide variety of destructive analytical methods led to the considerable destruction of precious bone samples. NIR-HSI pre-screening allows researchers to properly select the sampling points for subsequent specific analyses, to minimize costs and time and to preserve integrity of archaeological bones (which are available in a very limited amount), providing further opportunities to understand our past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Lugli
- University of Bologna, Department of Cultural Heritage, Ravenna Campus, Via Degli Ariani, 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - G Sciutto
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni, 42, 48121, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - P Oliveri
- University of Genova, Department of Pharmacy, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy.
| | - C Malegori
- University of Genova, Department of Pharmacy, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy
| | - S Prati
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni, 42, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - L Gatti
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni, 42, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - S Silvestrini
- University of Bologna, Department of Cultural Heritage, Ravenna Campus, Via Degli Ariani, 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - M Romandini
- University of Bologna, Department of Cultural Heritage, Ravenna Campus, Via Degli Ariani, 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - E Catelli
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni, 42, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| | - M Casale
- University of Genova, Department of Pharmacy, Viale Cembrano 4, I-16148, Genova, Italy
| | - S Talamo
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - P Iacumin
- University of Parma, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Parco Area Delle Scienze, 11/a, Parma, Italy
| | - S Benazzi
- University of Bologna, Department of Cultural Heritage, Ravenna Campus, Via Degli Ariani, 1, 48121, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - R Mazzeo
- University of Bologna, Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Ravenna Campus, Via Guaccimanni, 42, 48121, Ravenna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
On November 16, 1990, US President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). This federal legislation marked the culmination of decades of debate among scientists, curators, and Native American leaders and activists over the control of ancestral human remains and sacred, funerary, and communally owned objects. Anthropologists have now investigated myriad aspects of NAGPRA, from its underlying philosophical arguments; to its legislative history, its legal ramifications and political effects, and the methods of its implementation; to how it has remade American museums, archaeologists, tribes, and federally funded repositories; and to how it has ushered in a new (even if imperfect) period of collaboration and partnership. This article reviews the last 50 years of scholarship on repatriation, with a particular focus on NAGPRA's last 30 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Nash
- Department of Archaeology, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado 80205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fleskes RE, Ofunniyin AA, Gilmore JK, Poplin E, Abel SM, Bueschgen WD, Juarez C, Butler N, Mishoe G, Oubré L, Cabana GS, Schurr TG. Ancestry, health, and lived experiences of enslaved Africans in 18th century Charleston: An osteobiographical analysis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:3-24. [PMID: 33022107 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2013, the burials of 36 individuals of putative African ancestry were discovered during renovation of the Gaillard Center in downtown Charleston, South Carolina. The Charleston community facilitated a bioarchaeological and mitogenomic study to gain insights into the lives of these unknown persons, referred to as the Anson Street Ancestors, including their ancestry, health, and lived experiences in the 18th century. METHODS Metric and morphological assessments of skeletal and dental characteristics were recorded, and enamel and cortical bone strontium stable isotope values generated. Whole mitochondrial genomes were sequenced and analyzed. RESULTS Osteological analysis identified adults, both females and males, and subadults at the site, and estimated African ancestry for most individuals. Skeletal trauma and pathology were infrequent, but many individuals exhibited dental decay and abscesses. Strontium isotope data suggested these individuals mostly originated in Charleston or sub-Saharan Africa, with many being long-term residents of Charleston. Nearly all had mitochondrial lineages belonging to African haplogroups (L0-L3, H1cb1a), with two individuals sharing the same L3e2a haplotype, while one had a Native American A2 mtDNA. DISCUSSION This study generated detailed osteobiographies of the Anson Street Ancestors, who were likely of enslaved status. Our results indicate that the Ancestors have diverse maternal African ancestries and are largely unrelated, with most being born locally. These details reveal the demographic impact of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Our analysis further illuminates the lived experiences of individuals buried at Anson Street, and expands our understanding of 18th century African history in Charleston.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel E Fleskes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ade A Ofunniyin
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joanna K Gilmore
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Sociology and Anthropology, The College of Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Poplin
- Brockington and Associates, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne M Abel
- Charleston County Coroner's Office, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Wolf D Bueschgen
- Charleston County Coroner's Office, North Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chelsey Juarez
- Department of Anthropology, California State University, Fresno, California, USA
| | - Nic Butler
- Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Grant Mishoe
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - La'Sheia Oubré
- The Gullah Society, Inc., Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Graciela S Cabana
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wagner JK, Colwell C, Claw KG, Stone AC, Bolnick DA, Hawks J, Brothers KB, Garrison NA. Fostering Responsible Research on Ancient DNA. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:183-195. [PMID: 32763189 PMCID: PMC7413888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipating and addressing the social implications of scientific work is a fundamental responsibility of all scientists. However, expectations for ethically sound practices can evolve over time as the implications of science come to be better understood. Contemporary researchers who work with ancient human remains, including those who conduct ancient DNA research, face precisely this challenge as it becomes clear that practices such as community engagement are needed to address the important social implications of this work. To foster and promote ethical engagement between researchers and communities, we offer five practical recommendations for ancient DNA researchers: (1) formally consult with communities; (2) address cultural and ethical considerations; (3) engage communities and support capacity building; (4) develop plans to report results and manage data; and (5) develop plans for long-term responsibility and stewardship. Ultimately, every member of a research team has an important role in fostering ethical research on ancient DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K Wagner
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee (formerly the Social Issues Committee), American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Center for Translational Bioethics and Health Care Policy, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17822, USA.
| | - Chip Colwell
- Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anthropology, Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO 80205, USA
| | - Katrina G Claw
- Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Anne C Stone
- Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Deborah A Bolnick
- Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - John Hawks
- Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kyle B Brothers
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee (formerly the Social Issues Committee), American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Professional Practice and Social Implications Committee (formerly the Social Issues Committee), American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Responsible Ancient DNA Research Working Group, American Society of Human Genetics, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schroeder L. Revolutionary Fossils, Ancient Biomolecules, and Reflections in Ethics and Decolonization: Paleoanthropology in 2019. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Schroeder
- Department of Anthropology University of Toronto Mississauga Mississauga ON Canada
- Human Evolution Research Institute University of Cape Town Rondebosch Western Cape South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tsosie KS, Begay RL, Fox K, Garrison NA. Generations of genomes: advances in paleogenomics technology and engagement for Indigenous people of the Americas. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2020; 62:91-96. [PMID: 32721847 PMCID: PMC7484015 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, scientists have collected genomic information from Indigenous peoples and their ancestors with the goal of elucidating human migration events, understanding ancestral origins, and identifying ancestral variants contributing to disease. However, such studies may not have offered much benefit to the Indigenous groups who contributed DNA, and many have instead perpetuated stereotypes and other harms. With recent advances in genomic technology facilitating the study of both ancient and present-day DNA, researchers and Indigenous communities have new opportunities to begin collaboratively addressing important questions about human health and history. Yet, while there are increased efforts to ethically engage Indigenous communities, more work is still needed as the discipline struggles to absolve itself of the racialized science and extractive biocolonialism that defined its past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystal S Tsosie
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37325, USA; Native BioData Consortium, Eagle Butte, SD 57625, USA
| | - Rene L Begay
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Keolu Fox
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Global Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Indigenous Futures Lab, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Native BioData Consortium, Eagle Butte, SD 57625, USA
| | - Nanibaa' A Garrison
- Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beyond broad strokes: sociocultural insights from the study of ancient genomes. Nat Rev Genet 2020; 21:355-366. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-020-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
22
|
McHugo GP, Dover MJ, MacHugh DE. Unlocking the origins and biology of domestic animals using ancient DNA and paleogenomics. BMC Biol 2019; 17:98. [PMID: 31791340 PMCID: PMC6889691 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal domestication has fascinated biologists since Charles Darwin first drew the parallel between evolution via natural selection and human-mediated breeding of livestock and companion animals. In this review we show how studies of ancient DNA from domestic animals and their wild progenitors and congeners have shed new light on the genetic origins of domesticates, and on the process of domestication itself. High-resolution paleogenomic data sets now provide unprecedented opportunities to explore the development of animal agriculture across the world. In addition, functional population genomics studies of domestic and wild animals can deliver comparative information useful for understanding recent human evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian P McHugo
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Michael J Dover
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pálsdóttir AH, Bläuer A, Rannamäe E, Boessenkool S, Hallsson JH. Not a limitless resource: ethics and guidelines for destructive sampling of archaeofaunal remains. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191059. [PMID: 31824712 PMCID: PMC6837180 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of ancient DNA, as well as other methods such as isotope analysis, destructive sampling of archaeofaunal remains has increased much faster than the effort to collect and curate them. While there has been considerable discussion regarding the ethics of destructive sampling and analysis of human remains, this dialogue has not extended to archaeofaunal material. Here we address this gap and discuss the ethical challenges surrounding destructive sampling of materials from archaeofaunal collections. We suggest ways of mitigating the negative aspects of destructive sampling and present step-by-step guidelines aimed at relevant stakeholders, including scientists, holding institutions and scientific journals. Our suggestions are in most cases easily implemented without significant increases in project costs, but with clear long-term benefits in the preservation and use of zooarchaeological material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Postbox 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Agricultural University of Iceland, Keldnaholti - Árleyni 22, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Author for correspondence: Albína Hulda Pálsdóttir e-mail:
| | - Auli Bläuer
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Archaeology, Akatemiankatu 1, FI-20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Eve Rannamäe
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Institute of History and Archaeology, University of Tartu, Jakobi 2, 51005 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sanne Boessenkool
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Postbox 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jón Hallsteinn Hallsson
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Agricultural University of Iceland, Keldnaholti - Árleyni 22, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|