1
|
Wakle KS, Mokale SN, Sakle NS. Emerging perspectives: unraveling the anticancer potential of vitamin D 3. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2877-2933. [PMID: 37994947 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02819-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3, a fat-soluble vitamin known for its critical function in calcium homeostasis and bone health, is gaining interest for its anticancer properties. Observational studies have suggested a negative relationship between vitamin D levels and the incidence of some malignancies throughout the years, prompting substantial investigation to find its anticancer effects. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to investigate the diverse function of vitamin D3 in cancer prevention and therapy. We explored the molecular mechanism underlying its effects on cancer cells, which range from cell cycle control and death to angiogenesis and immune response modulation. Insights from in vitro and in vivo studies provide valuable evidence supporting its anticancer potential. Furthermore, we look at epidemiological and clinical studies that investigate the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and cancer risk or treatment results. Vitamin D3 supplementation's safety profile and cost-effectiveness increase its attractiveness as an adjuvant therapy in conjunction with traditional treatment regimens. Our critical review of the current literature provides an in-depth understanding of vitamin D3's anticancer effect, covering the obstacles and possibilities in realizing its promise for cancer prevention and therapy. The findings of this study might pave the way for the development of innovative treatment techniques that take use of the advantages of vitamin D3 to fight cancer and improve patient care. As research progresses, a better understanding of vitamin D3's anticancer processes will surely simplify its incorporation into personalized cancer care techniques, hence enhancing patient outcomes in the battle against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal S Wakle
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431001, India
| | - Santosh N Mokale
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431001, India
| | - Nikhil S Sakle
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, 431001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nichols AR, Chavarro JE, Oken E. Reproductive risk factors across the female lifecourse and later metabolic health. Cell Metab 2024; 36:240-262. [PMID: 38280383 PMCID: PMC10871592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic health is characterized by optimal blood glucose, lipids, cholesterol, blood pressure, and adiposity. Alterations in these characteristics may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Recent evidence suggests that female reproductive characteristics may be overlooked as risk factors that contribute to later metabolic dysfunction. These reproductive traits include the age at menarche, menstrual irregularity, the development of polycystic ovary syndrome, gestational weight change, gestational dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, and the severity and timing of menopausal symptoms. These risk factors may themselves be markers of future dysfunction or may be explained by shared underlying etiologies that promote long-term disease development. Disentangling underlying relationships and identifying potentially modifiable characteristics have an important bearing on therapeutic lifestyle modifications that could ease long-term metabolic burden. Further research that better characterizes associations between reproductive characteristics and metabolic health, clarifies underlying etiologies, and identifies indicators for clinical application is warranted in the prevention and management of metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Nichols
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lu EMC. The role of vitamin D in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res 2023; 58:213-224. [PMID: 36537578 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an essential role in calcium and bone metabolism, immune regulation and possesses profound anti-inflammatory effects. Evidence suggests that low serum vitamin D is associated with increased severity of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition characterised by destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the tooth, which has several shared risk factors with other chronic non-communicable diseases. The biological functions of vitamin D are mediated by its strong anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and host modulatory properties. Experimental periodontitis models involving targeted deletion of 1α-hydroxylase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of inactive substrate to active 1,25(OH)2 D3 (calcitriol), showed augmented alveolar bone loss and gingival inflammation. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms have also been associated with increased severity of periodontitis. Thus, the involvement of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of periodontitis is biological plausible. Clinical studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum 25OHD3 and periodontal disease inflammation. However, due to the paucity of well-designed longitudinal studies, there is less support for the impact of vitamin D status on periodontal disease progression and tooth loss. The evidence emphasises the importance of maintaining vitamin D sufficiency in supporting periodontal health. This review aims to first examine the biological mechanisms by which vitamin D might influence the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and second, discuss the clinical evidence which implicate the role of vitamin D in periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ming-Chieh Lu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Role of Vitamin D in Stroke Prevention and the Effects of Its Supplementation for Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132761. [PMID: 35807941 PMCID: PMC9268813 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D is a serious public health problem, representing an independent factor in mortality among the general population. Vitamin D deficiency may affect up to one billion people worldwide. Recently, the potential association between vitamin D levels and stroke has gained increasing attention. Many studies suggest that maintaining normal serum vitamin D levels is associated with improvement of the cardiovascular system and a reduction in stroke risk. As a neurosteroid, vitamin D influences brain development and function and immunomodulation and affects brain neuroplasticity. It supports many processes that maintain homeostasis in the body. As stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, more studies are needed to confirm the positive effects of vitamin D supplementation, its dosage at different stages of the disease, method of determination, and effect on stroke onset and recovery. Many studies on stroke survivors indicate that serum vitamin D levels only offer insignificant benefits and are not beneficial to recovery. This review article aims to highlight recent publications that have examined the potential of vitamin D supplementation to improve rehabilitation outcomes in stroke survivors. Particular attention has been paid to stroke prevention.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The high mortality and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) is maintained by poor diet. This narrative review summarizes recent literature to provide a reflection of current eating habits, dietary preferences, and nutritional status of SSD patients. Elucidating these factors provides new insights for potential lifestyle treatment strategies for SSD. RECENT FINDINGS Only 10.7% of the SSD patients had a healthy dietary pattern, against 23% of the general population. The dietic component of the Keeping the Body in Mind Xtend lifestyle program increased diet quality with 10% for young people with first-episode psychosis, compared to baseline, which was predominantly driven by increased vegetable variety and amounts. SUMMARY Recent findings render poor dietary habits as potential targets for treatment of SSD patients. Further studies into anti-inflammatory diets and associations with gut-brain biomarkers are warranted. When proven, structured and supervised diet interventions may help SSD patients escape from this entrapment, as only supplementing nutrients or providing dietary advice lacks the impact to significantly reduce the risk of chronic physical illnesses.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoo JY, Cho HJ, Lee JE. Lower dietary calcium intake is associated with a higher risk of mortality in Korean adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2072-2086. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Hertig-Godeschalk A, Brinkhof MWG, Scheel-Sailer A, Perret C, Jenny A, Landmann G, Wyss PO, Flueck JL. Vitamin D supplementation in chronic spinal cord injury (VitD-SCI): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053951. [PMID: 34921084 PMCID: PMC8685947 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D insufficiency, a vitamin D status or serum 25(OH)D concentration of ≤75 nmol/L, is highly prevalent in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI). Vitamin D is important for the functioning of the musculoskeletal, immune and respiratory systems, which are relevant determinants of secondary health conditions in SCI. An insufficiency should be treated with vitamin D supplementation. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal dosage and duration of vitamin D supplementation for individualised and long-term management of the vitamin D status in the context of SCI. This paper presents the protocol for the vitamin D supplementation in chronic spinal cord injury (VitD-SCI) trial that aims to investigate the effect of a 12-month intake of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status as well as on several secondary parameters among individuals with a chronic SCI. METHODS AND ANALYSES The VitD-SCI trial is a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group, superiority trial, conducted at the Swiss Paraplegic Centre. A total of 45 participants living with an SCI for at least 3 years (chronic SCI) and a vitamin D insufficiency at the first study visit, will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups. Participants receive either a monthly dosage of 24 000 IU or 48 000 IU vitamin D or a placebo for 12 months. Measurements taking place every 3 months include the assessment of vitamin D status (primary outcome) as well as bone mineral density, handgrip strength, fatigue, mood, pain and pressure injuries (secondary outcomes). Safety and tolerance of vitamin D supplementation will also be evaluated. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Swiss Ethics Committee for Northwest/Central Switzerland (EKNZ, 2020-01493) and the Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products (Swissmedic, 2020DR3150) approved this study. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT04652544 and SNCTP000004032.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin W G Brinkhof
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzerne, Switzerland
| | - Anke Scheel-Sailer
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzerne, Switzerland
- Department of Rehabilitation, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Perret
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Jenny
- Department of Rehabilitation, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Gunter Landmann
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Patrik O Wyss
- Department of Radiology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Torrisi M, Bonanno L, Formica C, Arcadi FA, Cardile D, Cimino V, Bramanti P, Morini E. The role of rehabilitation and vitamin D supplementation on motor and psychological outcomes in poststroke patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27747. [PMID: 34766589 PMCID: PMC8589234 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-Stroke depression affects between 12% and 72% of patients who have suffered a stroke. The association between low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) and increased risk of depression is reported in both stroke and non-stroke patients. Similarly, high 25(OH) D levels might be associated with greater functional improvement during rehabilitation program.We wanted to investigate the effects of an intensive rehabilitation on poststroke outcomes. We wondered if the daily rehabilitation of motor and cognitive functions could also have an effect on mood and functional abilities in addition to or as an alternative to vitamin D supplementation.We conducted a 12-week, randomized trial, double blind, parallel, monocentric clinical trial of 40 patients undergoing intensive neuro-rehabilitation treatment at a specialized care facility for ischemic or hemorrhagic brain stroke. Participants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to 1 of 2 parallel groups: in the experimental group, 2000 IU/day of oral cholecalciferol was administered; in the control group patients were not taking vitamin D supplementation. Patients underwent a text evaluation to investigate psychological and motor outcomes.Significant intra-group difference in outcomes measures was found but not between control group and experimental group. In the vitamin D group, we highlighted significant differences between T0 and T1 in calcium (P < .001), vitamin D (P < .001), in Montgomery Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (P = .001), and in Functional Independent Measures (P < .001). In the health control group, we found a significant difference in calcium (P = .003), vitamin D (P < .001), Montgomery Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (P = 0.006), in general self-efficacy (P = .009), and in Functional Independent Measures (P < .001).Our results show that the beneficial effect on mood and functional recovery is mainly due to neurorehabilitation rather than vitamin D supplementation.
Collapse
|
9
|
A Multi-Mineral Intervention to Modulate Colonic Mucosal Protein Profile: Results from a 90-Day Trial in Human Subjects. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030939. [PMID: 33799486 PMCID: PMC8002192 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall goal of this study was to determine whether Aquamin®, a calcium-, magnesium-, trace element-rich, red algae-derived natural product, would alter the expression of proteins involved in growth-regulation and differentiation in colon. Thirty healthy human subjects (at risk for colorectal cancer) were enrolled in a three-arm, 90-day interventional trial. Aquamin® was compared to calcium alone and placebo. Before and after the interventional period, colonic biopsies were obtained. Biopsies were evaluated by immunohistology for expression of Ki67 (proliferation marker) and for CK20 and p21 (differentiation markers). Tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry-based detection was used to assess levels of multiple proteins. As compared to placebo or calcium, Aquamin® reduced the level of Ki67 expression and slightly increased CK20 expression. Increased p21 expression was observed with both calcium and Aquamin®. In proteomic screen, Aquamin® treatment resulted in many more proteins being upregulated (including pro-apoptotic, cytokeratins, cell–cell adhesion molecules, and components of the basement membrane) or downregulated (proliferation and nucleic acid metabolism) than placebo. Calcium alone also altered the expression of many of the same proteins but not to the same extent as Aquamin®. We conclude that daily Aquamin® ingestion alters protein expression profile in the colon that could be beneficial to colonic health.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang YY, Stockmann R, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Opportunities for plant-derived enhancers for iron, zinc, and calcium bioavailability: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:652-685. [PMID: 33443794 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the mechanism of interactions between dietary elements, their salts, and complexing/binding ligands is vital to manage both deficiency and toxicity associated with essential element bioavailability. Numerous mineral ligands are found in both animal and plant foods and are known to exert bioactivity via element chelation resulting in modulation of antioxidant capacity or micobiome metabolism among other physiological outcomes. However, little is explored in the context of dietary mineral ligands and element bioavailability enhancement, particularly with respect to ligands from plant-derived food sources. This review highlights a novel perspective to consider various plant macro/micronutrients as prospective bioavailability enhancing ligands of three essential elements (Fe, Zn, and Ca). We also delineate the molecular mechanisms of the ligand-binding interactions underlying mineral bioaccessibility at the luminal level. We conclude that despite current understandings of some of the structure-activity relationships associated with strong mineral-ligand binding, the physiological links between ligands as element carriers and uptake at targeted sites throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract still require more research. The binding behavior of potential ligands in the human diet should be further elucidated and validated using pharmacokinetic approaches and GI models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yianna Y Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Aslam MN, McClintock SD, Attili D, Pandya S, Rehman H, Nadeem DM, Jawad-Makki MAH, Rizvi AH, Berner MM, Dame MK, Turgeon DK, Varani J. Ulcerative Colitis-Derived Colonoid Culture: A Multi-Mineral-Approach to Improve Barrier Protein Expression. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577221. [PMID: 33330453 PMCID: PMC7719760 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies demonstrated that Aquamin®, a calcium-, magnesium-rich, multi-mineral natural product, improves barrier structure and function in colonoids obtained from the tissue of healthy subjects. The goal of the present study was to determine if the colonic barrier could be improved in tissue from subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS Colonoid cultures were established with colon biopsies from 9 individuals with UC. The colonoids were then incubated for a 2-week period under control conditions (in culture medium with a final calcium concentration of 0.25 mM) or in the same medium supplemented with Aquamin® to provide 1.5 - 4.5 mM calcium. Effects on differentiation and barrier protein expression were determined using several approaches: phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy, quantitative histology and immunohistology, mass spectrometry-based proteome assessment and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Although there were no gross changes in colonoid appearance, there was an increase in lumen diameter and wall thickness on histology and greater expression of cytokeratin 20 (CK20) along with reduced expression of Ki67 by quantitative immunohistology observed with intervention. In parallel, upregulation of several differentiation-related proteins was seen in a proteomic screen with the intervention. Aquamin®-treated colonoids demonstrated a modest up-regulation of tight junctional proteins but stronger induction of adherens junction and desmosomal proteins. Increased desmosomes were seen at the ultrastructural level. Proteomic analysis demonstrated increased expression of several basement membrane proteins and hemidesmosomal components. Proteins expressed at the apical surface (mucins and trefoils) were also increased as were several additional proteins with anti-microbial activity or that modulate inflammation. Finally, several transporter proteins that affect electrolyte balance (and, thereby affect water resorption) were increased. At the same time, growth and cell cycle regulatory proteins (Ki67, nucleophosmin, and stathmin) were significantly down-regulated. Laminin interactions, matrix formation and extracellular matrix organization were the top three up-regulated pathways with the intervention. CONCLUSION A majority of individuals including patients with UC do not reach the recommended daily intake for calcium and other minerals. To the extent that such deficiencies might contribute to the weakening of the colonic barrier, the findings employing UC tissue-derived colonoids here suggest that adequate mineral intake might improve the colonic barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Durga Attili
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Shailja Pandya
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Humza Rehman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniyal M. Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Areeba H. Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maliha M. Berner
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Danielle Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kawashima Bori F, Fukuhara M, Masaki C, Ohta Y, Nakamichi I, Sakata S, Goto K, Kataoka S, Kakuta S, Iwasaki M, Ansai T, Hosokawa R. The relationship between masticatory performance and intakes of foods and nutrients in Japanese male workers: A cross-sectional study. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 47:1142-1149. [PMID: 32598496 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies have been conducted on the relationship between masticatory performance and nutrient ingestion in the elderly, few large-scale studies have been carried out using relatively young individuals. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to clarify the association between the masticatory performance evaluated by the gummy-jelly test, not by visual examination, and nutrient ingestion state based on the brief self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ). METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 540 male workers. Somatometry, blood pressure measurement, blood test and medical interview were performed as a periodic health check-up. In the dental check-up, an oral examination, gummy-jelly test (glucosensor) and survey of ingested food and nutrients using BDHQ were performed. The participants were classified into two groups with low and normal values of masticatory performance. Participants with a score on the gummy-jelly test below 150 mg/dL or 150 mg/dL or higher were included in the low and normal groups, respectively. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-eight participants (45.8%) had low masticatory performance, and 292 (53.2%) had normal masticatory performance. The intakes of some minerals and vitamins, such as calcium, vitamin D, vitamin B2 , small fish with bones and non-oily fish, were significantly lower in the low masticatory group than in the normal group. In contrast, the intake of sugar for coffee and tea and that of chicken were significantly higher in the low masticatory group than in the normal group. CONCLUSION This study suggested that low masticatory performance can affect nutrient intake, which may cause non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyoko Kawashima Bori
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayo Fukuhara
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Masaki
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Ohta
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Nakamichi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Goto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shota Kataoka
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Kakuta
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hosokawa
- Division of Oral Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Kyushu Dental University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Morello M, Pieri M, Zenobi R, Talamo A, Stephan D, Landel V, Féron F, Millet P. The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2475-2491. [PMID: 32175837 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this "neuroactive" steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Talamo
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Verena Landel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France.,Association UNIVI (Agirc-Arrco), 75010 Paris, France.,Hôpital Gériatrique les Magnolias, Ballainvilliers, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McClintock SD, Attili D, Dame MK, Richter A, Silvestri SS, Berner MM, Bohm MS, Karpoff K, McCarthy CL, Spence JR, Varani J, Aslam MN. Differentiation of human colon tissue in culture: Effects of calcium on trans-epithelial electrical resistance and tissue cohesive properties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0222058. [PMID: 32134920 PMCID: PMC7058309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Human colonoid cultures maintained under low-calcium (0.25 mM) conditions undergo differentiation spontaneously and, concomitantly, express a high level of tight junction proteins, but not desmosomal proteins. When calcium is included to a final concentration of 1.5–3.0 mM (provided either as a single agent or as a combination of calcium and additional minerals), there is little change in tight junction protein expression but a strong up-regulation of desmosomal proteins and an increase in desmosome formation. The aim of this study was to assess the functional consequences of calcium-mediated differences in barrier protein expression. Methods Human colonoid-derived epithelial cells were interrogated in transwell culture under low- or high-calcium conditions for monolayer integrity and ion permeability by measuring trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) across the confluent monolayer. Colonoid cohesiveness was assessed in parallel. Results TEER values were high in the low-calcium environment but increased in response to calcium. In addition, colonoid cohesiveness increased substantially with calcium supplementation. In both assays, the response to multi-mineral intervention was greater than the response to calcium alone. Consistent with these findings, several components of tight junctions were expressed at 0.25 mM calcium but these did not increase substantially with supplementation. Cadherin-17 and desmoglein-2, in contrast, were weakly-expressed under low calcium conditions but increased with intervention. Conclusions These findings indicate that low ambient calcium levels are sufficient to support the formation of a permeability barrier in the colonic epithelium. Higher calcium levels promote tissue cohesion and enhance barrier function. These findings may help explain how an adequate calcium intake contributes to colonic health by improving barrier function, even though there is little change in colonic histological features over a wide range of calcium intake levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Durga Attili
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aliah Richter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sabrina S. Silvestri
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Maliha M. Berner
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Margaret S. Bohm
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kateryna Karpoff
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Caroline L. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine (The Division of Gastroenterology), The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vatakencherry RMJ, Saraswathy L. Association between vitamin D and hypertension in people coming for health check up to a tertiary care centre in South India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:2061-2067. [PMID: 31334180 PMCID: PMC6618207 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_236_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has many effects apart from its role in calcium metabolism and bone health. Vitamin D is derived from endogenous ultraviolet-B induced vitamin D synthesis in the skin, and the current high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in India, can be attributed to lifestyle related low sunlight exposure. Identification of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in almost all human cells, suggests a role in extra skeletal diseases. Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is an independent risk factor for hypertension. AIM To evaluate the association between vitamin D and hypertension in people coming for health check up to a tertiary care center in South India. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was carried out as a cross sectional study in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Participants (520) were both males and females (337 males and 183 females), between the age group of 20-60 years attending the comprehensive health check up clinic of our hospital. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0. RESULTS Severe vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in people with hypertension than in people without hypertension (P value <0.001). CONCLUSION Since India is a tropical country, till recently it was believed that vitamin D deficiency and its ill effects are uncommon. But it was found that, vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in people with hypertension in South India, emphasizing the need of early vitamin D supplementation. Therefore, to reduce cardiovascular morbidity, early identification of vitamin D deficiency and appropriate vitamin D supplementation may be of primary importance in population, especially like ours, having high prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary J. Vatakencherry
- Department of Physiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala
| | - L Saraswathy
- Department of Physiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency and this may impact upon the disease activity. This study explored the association between serum vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease in a Chinese population.Sixty-five patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 50 with Crohn's disease (CD) were investigated between January 2015 and December 2016 at the Kunshan Second People's Hospital, China. A control group of 120 healthy volunteers was also selected. Serum vitamin D levels were detected and compared between groups and among patients with different disease activity.The serum vitamin D levels in the UC (10.27 ± 4.05 ng/mL) and CD (11.13 ± 3.96 ng/mL) groups were lower than in the control group (12.96 ± 5.18 ng/mL) (P < .05). In the UC group, during the moderate (9.21 ± 3.26 ng/mL) and severe (7.58 ± 3.81 ng/mL) periods, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower compared with during remission (12.18 ± 3.69 ng/mL) and the mild period (11.35 ± 4.08 ng/mL) (P < .05). In the CD group, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower during the moderate (10.28 ± 3.57 ng/mL) and severe (8.52 ± 3.72 ng/mL) periods compared with remission (13.97 ± 5.61 ng/mL) (P < .05).Patients with UC and CD are both prone to vitamin D deficiency. Serum vitamin D was significantly lower with aggravating disease status. Therefore, vitamin D may be involved in the development of inflammatory bowel disease in a Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou
| | - Zhiquan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou
| | - Weichang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Suzhou University affiliated First Hospital, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Attili D, McClintock SD, Rizvi AH, Pandya S, Rehman H, Nadeem DM, Richter A, Thomas D, Dame MK, Turgeon DK, Varani J, Aslam MN. Calcium-induced differentiation in normal human colonoid cultures: Cell-cell / cell-matrix adhesion, barrier formation and tissue integrity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215122. [PMID: 30995271 PMCID: PMC6469792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The goal of the study was to assess calcium alone and Aquamin, a multi-mineral natural product that contains magnesium and detectable levels of 72 trace elements in addition to calcium, for capacity to affect growth and differentiation in colonoid cultures derived from histologically-normal human colon tissue. Methods Colonoid cultures were maintained in a low-calcium (0.25 mM) medium or in medium supplemented with an amount of calcium (1.5–3.0 mM), either from calcium alone or Aquamin for a period of two weeks. This was shown in a previous study to induce differentiation in colonoids derived from large adenomas. Changes in growth, morphological features and protein expression profile were assessed at the end of the incubation period using a combination of phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy, histology and immunohistology, proteomic assessment and transmission electron microscopy. Results Unlike the previously-studied tumor-derived colonoids (which remained un-differentiated in the absence of calcium-supplementation), normal tissue colonoids underwent differentiation as indicated by gross and microscopic appearance, a low proliferative index and high-level expression of cytokeratin 20 in the absence of intervention (i.e., in control condition). Only modest additional changes were seen in these parameters with either calcium alone or Aquamin (providing up to 3.0 mM calcium). In spite of this, proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that both interventions induced strong up-regulation of proteins that promote cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive functions, barrier formation and tissue integrity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in desmosomes in response to intervention. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that colonoids derived from histologically normal human tissue can undergo differentiation in the presence of a low ambient calcium concentration. However, higher calcium levels induce elaboration of proteins that promote cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. These changes could lead to improved barrier function and improved colon tissue health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Attili
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Areeba H. Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shailja Pandya
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Humza Rehman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniyal M. Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aliah Richter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Danielle Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Yamazaki K. Nutrition as Adjunct Therapy in Periodontal Disease Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40496-019-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
19
|
Greer JB, Greer P, Sandhu BS, Alkaade S, Wilcox CM, Anderson MA, Sherman S, Gardner TB, Lewis MD, Guda NM, Muniraj T, Conwell D, Cote GA, Forsmark CE, Banks PA, Tang G, Stello K, Gelrud A, Brand RE, Slivka A, Whitcomb DC, Yadav D. Nutrition and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Chronic Pancreatitis Patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2018; 34:387-399. [PMID: 30101991 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients frequently experience malabsorption and maldigestion, leading to micronutrient and macronutrient deficiencies. Comorbid diabetes and lifestyle habits, such as alcohol consumption, may impact nutrition status. METHODS We compared micronutrient antioxidant, bone metabolism, serum protein, and inflammatory marker levels in 301 CP patients and 266 controls with no known pancreatic disease. We analyzed serum prealbumin and retinol binding protein; vitamins A, D, E, and B12; osteocalcin; tumor necrosis factor-α; and C-reactive protein (CRP). We also evaluated biomarkers among subsets of patients, examining factors including time since diagnosis, body mass index, alcohol as primary etiology, diabetes mellitus, vitamin supplementation, and pancreatic enzyme replacement. RESULTS After correcting for multiple comparisons, CP patients had significantly lower levels than controls of the following: vitamin A (40.9 vs 45.4 μg/dL) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol [8.7 vs 10.3 mg/L] and γ-tocopherol [1.8 vs 2.2 mg/L]), as well as osteocalcin (7.9 vs 10 ng/mL) and serum prealbumin (23 vs 27 mg/dL). Both patients and controls who took vitamin supplements had higher serum levels of vitamins than those not taking supplements. Compared with controls, in controlled analyses, CP patients had significantly lower levels of vitamins A, D, and E (both α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol). CP patients also had significantly lower levels of osteocalcin, serum prealbumin, and retinol binding protein, and higher CRP. CONCLUSIONS CP patients demonstrated lower levels of selected nutrition and bone metabolism biomarkers than controls. Diabetes and alcohol did not impact biomarkers. Vitamin supplements and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy improved nutrition biomarkers in CP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Greer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Phil Greer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Samer Alkaade
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - C Mel Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Stuart Sherman
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy B Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | - Nalini M Guda
- GI Associates LLC, Aurora Health Care, St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | | - Darwin Conwell
- Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory A Cote
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Peter A Banks
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston Massachusetts
| | - Gong Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kim Stello
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andres Gelrud
- GastroHealth and Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | - Randall E Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adam Slivka
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David C Whitcomb
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Botros RM, AbdElsalam Besibes MM, Bahaaeldin AM, Abo Elyazed S. Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Chronically Ill Patients. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:578-582. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1446194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raef Malak Botros
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Mohamed Bahaaeldin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherihan Abo Elyazed
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soares MJ, Pannu PK, Calton EK, Reid CM, Hills AP. Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Lotfy HM, Marzouk H, Farag Y, Salah A, Taher H, Nabih M, Rashed L, El-Garf K. Serum vitamin D level in Egyptian children with Familial Mediterranean fever. Immunol Lett 2017; 185:74-78. [PMID: 28341008 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to measure plasma vitamin D levels in a group of Egyptian children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) compared to healthy children. METHODS The study enrolled 52 children with FMF and 40 apparently healthy controls. Serum vitamin D level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in children with FMF than control group (12.3±3.4 and 21.2±3.5ng/mL, respectively, p<0.001). Vitamin D level was significantly lower in female patients than males (11.3±2.9, 13.2±3.6, respectively p=0.04). No statistically significant relations were detected between vitamin D level and different clinical, laboratory and genetic variables. CONCLUSION Vitamin D levels were lower in Egyptian FMF children than healthy controls. There is a speculation that vitamin D deficiency in FMF patients may be related to inflammation. Further studies with larger number of patients before and after Vitamin D, therapy may be needed. Supplementation with high doses of vitamin D seems appropriate for children with FMF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hala M Lotfy
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Huda Marzouk
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Yomna Farag
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Salah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Heba Taher
- Department of Pediatrics, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | | | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Kamal El-Garf
- Department of Rheumatology, Cairo University, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dysfunctional immunometabolic effects of vitamin D deficiency, increased cardiometabolic risk. Potential epidemiological alert in America? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:162-173. [PMID: 28440755 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a serious public health problem worldwide that affects not only skeletal health, but also a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. However, there is still skepticism because of the lack of randomized, controlled trials to support association studies on the benefits of vitamin D for non-skeletal health. This review was based on articles published during the 1980-2015 obtained from the Cochrane Central Register of controlled trials, MEDLINE and PubMed, and focuses on recent challenges with regard to the definition of vitamin D deficiency and how to achieve optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels from dietary sources, supplements, and sun exposure. The effect of vitamin D on epigenetic fetal programming and regulation of genes that may potentially explain why vitamin D could have such lifelong comprehensive health benefits is reviewed. Optimization of vitamin D levels in children and adults around the world has potential benefits to improve skeletal health and to reduce the risk of chronic diseases, including some types of cancer, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and severe cardiovascular disorders such as atherothrombosis, neurocognitive disorders, and mortality.
Collapse
|
24
|
Fretwurst T, Grunert S, Woelber JP, Nelson K, Semper-Hogg W. Vitamin D deficiency in early implant failure: two case reports. Int J Implant Dent 2016; 2:24. [PMID: 27888492 PMCID: PMC5124022 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-016-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between vitamin D deficiency and early dental implant failure is not properly verified, but its role in osteoimmunology is discussed. This article illustrates two case reports with vitamin D deficiency and early implant failure. Prior to implant placement, the first patient received crestal bone grafting with autologous material. Both patients received dental implants from different manufacturers in the molar region of the mandible. In the case of bone grafting in the first patient, all implants were placed in a two-stage procedure. All implants had to be removed within 15 days after implant placement. Vitamin D serum levels were measured: Both patients showed a vitamin D deficiency (serum vitamin D level <20 μg/l). After vitamin D supplementation, implant placement was successful in both patients. Prospective, randomized clinical trials must follow to affirm the relationship between vitamin D deficiency, osteoimmunology, and early implant failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Fretwurst
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany.
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | - Sebastian Grunert
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Johan P Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Katja Nelson
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Wiebke Semper-Hogg
- Department of Oral- and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jolfaie NR, Rouhani MH, Onvani S, Azadbakht L. The association between Vitamin D and health outcomes in women: A review on the related evidence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 21:76. [PMID: 27904621 PMCID: PMC5122178 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.189693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D has a wide range of physiological functions in skeletal and nonskeletal tissues which may play a role in many diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recent evidence regarding the effects of Vitamin D on several health outcomes in women including breast cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancers, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases through March 2016. We included the most current systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing the associations of Vitamin D intake and/or serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels with the risk of incidence of breast cancer, ovarian and endometrial cancers, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Results: Many studies have represented that Vitamin D supplementation and high 25(OH)D levels can decrease the risk of breast cancer occurrence or mortality. However, there is no strong evidence to support the existence of a relationship between Vitamin D and ovarian or endometrial cancers. Furthermore, the results regarding the effects of Vitamin D on hypertension were inconsistent. Although observational studies have shown an association between Vitamin D and hypertension, there is no evidence regarding effectiveness of Vitamin D in lowering blood pressure in several clinical trials. On the other hand, the findings associating the impact of Vitamin D on osteoporosis were more definitive and most studies have represented that Vitamin D may have beneficial effects on osteoporosis. Conclusion: Although the adequate Vitamin D level can play a protective role in the incidence and development of breast cancer, hypertension, and osteoporosis, there is limited evidence regarding ovarian and endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Ramezani Jolfaie
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Rouhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shokouh Onvani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui J, Li J, Wang W, Han X, Du J, Sun J, Feng W, Liu B, Liu H, Amizuka N, Li M. The effect of calcitriol on high mobility group box 1 expression in periodontal ligament cells during orthodontic tooth movement in rats. J Mol Histol 2016; 47:221-8. [PMID: 26956363 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-016-9669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a late inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in periodontal tissue remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25 (OH)2D3]) is a systemic calcium-regulating hormone shown to downregulate expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines in human periodontal ligament cells in response to orthodontic force. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on the expression of HMGB1 in periodontal ligament (PDL) cells during orthodontic tooth movement. Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were used for experimentation. Tooth movement was assessed using a nickel-titanium coil spring to apply mechanical loading to the tooth for 5 days. This was followed by administration of either 1α,25(OH)2D3 or normal saline by gavage every other day for up to 28 days. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and HMGB1. After discontinuation of orthodontic force, expression of the early inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α were time-dependently reduced in the 1α,25(OH)2D3 group compared with the control group at each time point. Similarly, expression of HMGB1 was decreased over time in both the 1α,25(OH)2D3 and normal saline groups, and 1α,25(OH)2D3 administration enhanced this decline. These findings indicate that administration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 might provide a favorable microenvironment for orthodontic tooth movement by downregulating expression of HMGB1 in PDL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cui
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiuchun Han
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Department of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lu C, Yang J, Yu W, Li D, Xiang Z, Lin Y, Yu C. Association between 25(OH)D Level, Ultraviolet Exposure, Geographical Location, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132036. [PMID: 26172950 PMCID: PMC4501705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no consensus on the vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Aim To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the relationship between IBD and 25(OH)D, sun exposure, and latitude, and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency affects the severity of IBD. Methods We searched the PubMed, EBSCO, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to identify all studies that assessed the association between 25(OH)D, sun exposure, latitude, and IBD through November 1, 2014, without language restrictions. Studies that compared 25(OH)D levels between IBD patients and controls were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) and odds ratios (ORs). Results Thirteen case-control studies investigating CD and 25(OH)D levels were included, and eight studies part of above studies also investigated the relationship between UC and 25(OH)D. Both CD patients (SMD: 0.26 nmol/L, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.42 nmol/L) and UC patients (SMD: 0.5 nmol/L, 95% CI: 0.15–0.85 nmol/L) had lower levels of 25(OH)D than controls. In addition, CD patients and UC patients were 1.95 times (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.48–2.57) and 2.02 times (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.13–3.60) more likely to be 25(OH)D deficient than controls. We also included 10 studies investigating the relationship between CD activity and vitamin D. Results showed that patients with active CD (CD Activity Index≥150) were more likely to have low vitamin D levels. In addition, whether low sun exposure and high latitude were related to a high morbidity of CD need to be provided more evidence. Conclusion Our study shows that IBD patients have lower vitamin D levels. For active CD patients, vitamin D levels were low. These findings suggest that vitamin D may play an important role in the development of IBD, although a direct association could not be determined in our study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Weilai Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dejian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zun Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yiming Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chaohui Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alyami A, Soares MJ, Sherriff JL, Zhao Y, Hallett J, Coombes F. A systematic review protocol examining the effect of vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e006835. [PMID: 26070793 PMCID: PMC4466623 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has potential benefits for extraskeletal health. These could include an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a reduction in endothelial dysfunction. We aim to provide quality evidence for the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin D will improve endothelial function (EF), possibly through the abrogation of systemic inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation and EF lasting 12 weeks or more. The search will cover the period 2000-2015 and include studies that describe direct measures of EF, markers of endothelial cell (EC) activation and if concurrently reported, indicators of systemic inflammation. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the Jadad score in addition to an evaluation of allocation concealment and data analysis. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges' g score, for both fixed and random effect models. I(2) statistics and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources. Potential publication and small sample size bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and also Egger's test. Meta-regression analysis (if feasible) will be conducted with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation method, controlling for potential confounders (demographics, study methods, location, etc). A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure. Subgroup analysis, conditional on number of studies retrieved and their sample size, will be stratified on participant disease category, total dose administered, degree of 25(OH)D change and type of supplement used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and the popular press. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42014013523.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alyami
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - MJ Soares
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - JL Sherriff
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Directorate of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Hallett
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F Coombes
- University Health Service, Support Services, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
This review assesses (1) the potential role of calcium supplements in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, and (2) the safety of calcium supplements with respect to cardiovascular health as well. With regard to (1), a total calcium intake of < 800 mg/day is associated with increased loss of bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women with an increase in fracture risk. Hereby, the effect of calcium supplements on fracture prevention is dependent primary on baseline calcium intake. The strongest protective effect has been reported in individuals with a calcium intake < 700 mg/day and in high-risk groups. A calcium intake of about 1000-1200 mg/day seems to be sufficient for general fracture prevention. With regard to (2), an analysis of the data based on the Hill criteria does not demonstrate convincing evidence that calcium supplements increase cardiovascular risk. In the long term, total calcium intake of 2500 mg/day (from food and supplements) continues to be classified as safe. This value should not be exceeded for an extended period of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ströhle
- a Nutrition Physiology and Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| | - P Hadji
- b * Department of Osteooncology , Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Krankenhaus Nordwest , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - A Hahn
- a Nutrition Physiology and Human Nutrition Unit, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Leibniz University of Hannover , Hannover , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Vitamin D prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced blood-brain barrier disruption via vitamin D receptor-mediated NF-kB signaling pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122821. [PMID: 25815722 PMCID: PMC4376709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and minimizing neuronal injury are critical components of any therapeutic intervention following ischemic stroke. However, a low level of vitamin D hormone is a risk factor for many vascular diseases including stroke. The neuroprotective effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 (vitamin D) after ischemic stroke have been studied, but it is not known whether it prevents ischemic injury to brain endothelial cells, a key component of the neurovascular unit. We analyzed the effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on brain endothelial cell barrier integrity and tight junction proteins after hypoxia/reoxygenation in a mouse brain endothelial cell culture model that closely mimics many of the features of the blood-brain barrier in vitro. Following hypoxic injury in bEnd.3 cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment prevented the decrease in barrier function as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance and permeability of FITC-dextran (40 kDa), the decrease in the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludin-1, claudin-5, and occludin, the activation of NF-kB, and the increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. These responses were blocked when the interaction of 1,25(OH) )2D3 with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate treatment. Our findings show a direct, VDR-mediated, protective effect of 1,25(OH) )2D3 against ischemic injury-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in cerebral endothelial cells.
Collapse
|
31
|
Stachowiak G, Pertyński T, Pertyńska-Marczewska M. Metabolic disorders in menopause. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2015; 14:59-64. [PMID: 26327890 PMCID: PMC4440199 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2015.50000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders occurring in menopause, including dyslipidemia, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (impaired glucose tolerance - IGT, type 2 diabetes mellitus - T2DM) or components of metabolic syndrome, constitute risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. A key role could be played here by hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and visceral obesity, all contributing to dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, alter coagulation and atherosclerosis observed during the menopausal period. Undiagnosed and untreated, metabolic disorders may adversely affect the length and quality of women's life. Prevention and treatment preceded by early diagnosis should be the main goal for the physicians involved in menopausal care. This article represents a short review of the current knowledge concerning metabolic disorders (e.g. obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome or thyroid diseases) in menopause, including the role of a tailored menopausal hormone therapy (HT). According to current data, HT is not recommend as a preventive strategy for metabolic disorders in menopause. Nevertheless, as part of a comprehensive strategy to prevent chronic diseases after menopause, menopausal hormone therapy, particularly estrogen therapy may be considered (after balancing benefits/risks and excluding women with absolute contraindications to this therapy). Life-style modifications, with moderate physical activity and healthy diet at the forefront, should be still the first choice recommendation for all patients with menopausal metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Stachowiak
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Challoumas D, Stavrou A, Pericleous A, Dimitrakakis G. Effects of combined vitamin D--calcium supplements on the cardiovascular system: should we be cautious? Atherosclerosis 2014; 238:388-98. [PMID: 25558033 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing body of evidence on the potential effects of calcium and vitamin D as monotherapies on different cardiovascular (CV) parameters, the combined supplementation with calcium and vitamin D (CaD), which is most frequently encountered in clinical practice, has not received the attention it deserves. A literature search was conducted via EMBASE and Medline and identified 14 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 meta-analyses reporting on effects of combined supplementation with CaD on CV events, CV death, blood pressure, lipids, glucose metabolism and weight. Overall, the existing evidence does not support beneficial properties of supplementation with CaD on the CV system, nor does it suggest that a re-appraisal of the use of CaD is necessary due to adverse effects, although increased risk of CV events has been reported by some authors. The guidelines for the use of CaD supplementation need not change until well-conducted RCTs that have CV effects as primary outcomes and adjust for major confounders indicate otherwise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Challoumas
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester, GL1 3NN, UK.
| | - Antonio Stavrou
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF 14 4XW, UK
| | - Agamemnon Pericleous
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF 14 4XW, UK
| | - Georgios Dimitrakakis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park Campus, Cardiff, CF 14 4XW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chandler PD, Scott JB, Drake BF, Ng K, Forman JP, Chan AT, Bennett GG, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Emmons KM, Fuchs CS. Risk of hypercalcemia in blacks taking hydrochlorothiazide and vitamin D. Am J Med 2014; 127:772-8. [PMID: 24657333 PMCID: PMC4127365 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydrochlorothiazide, an effective antihypertensive medication commonly prescribed to blacks, decreases urinary calcium excretion. Blacks have significantly higher rates of hypertension and lower levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Thus, they are more likely to be exposed to vitamin D supplementation and thiazide diuretics. The risk for hypercalcemia among blacks using vitamin D and hydrochlorothiazide is undefined. METHODS We assessed the frequency of hypercalcemia in hydrochlorothiazide users in a post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding trial of 328 blacks (median age 51 years) assigned to either placebo, or 1000, 2000, or 4000 international units of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) daily for 3 months during the winter (2007-2010). RESULTS Of the 328 participants, 84 reported hydrochlorothiazide use and had serum calcium levels assessed. Additionally, a comparison convenience group of 44 enrolled participants who were not taking hydrochlorothiazide had serum calcium measurements at 3 months, but not at baseline. At 3 months, hydrochlorothiazide participants had higher calcium levels (0.2 mg/dL, P <.001) than nonhydrochlorothiazide participants, but only one participant in the hydrochlorothiazide group had hypercalcemia. In contrast, none of the nonhydrochlorothiazide participants had hypercalcemia. In a linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, 25-hydroxyvitamin D at 3 months, and other covariates, only hydrochlorothiazide use (Estimate [SE]: 0.05 [0.01], P = .01) predicted serum calcium at 3 months. CONCLUSION In summary, vitamin D3 supplementation up to 4000 IU in hydrochlorothiazide users is associated with an increase in serum calcium but a low frequency of hypercalcemia. These findings suggest that participants of this population can use hydrochlorothiazide with up to 4000 IU of vitamin D3 daily and experience a low frequency of hypercalcemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulette D Chandler
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Jamil B Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Bettina F Drake
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Mo
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - John P Forman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Gary G Bennett
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Bruce W Hollis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Karen M Emmons
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Center for Community-Based Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Charles S Fuchs
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang JH, Tsai LC, Chang YC, Cheng FC. High or low calcium intake increases cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:120. [PMID: 25078288 PMCID: PMC4149265 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) intakes on cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with diabetes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 197 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 65 years and above were recruited. The 24-h dietary recalls and 1-week self-reported typical dietary intake patterns were collected. The Ca and Mg intakes of <67% of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA), 67%–100% of RDA, and >100% of RDA were defined as low, moderate, and high Ca and Mg intakes, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were determined and biochemical analysis of blood and urine was performed. Results Our data indicated that 60.9% and 87.3% of our patients were Ca and Mg intakes below RDA, respectively. Patients whose Ca intake was high or low (81.2%) had significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) than those whose Ca intake was moderate (p = 0.043). Furthermore, patients whose Mg intake was low (87.3%) had significantly higher CRP than that of those who took adequate Mg (p = 0.025). The dietary Ca:Mg intake ratios were highly correlated with CRP, platelet counts, and red blood cell distribution (p < 0.05). A dietary Ca:Mg intake ratio of 2.0–2.5 was significantly correlated to lower CRP levels (p = 0.013). Conclusions High or low calcium intake increases cardiovascular disease risks. We suggest that “moderate” intake of 402–600 mg Ca/day (approximately 67%–100% of Taiwan RDA for Ca) and adequate Mg intake (or meeting RDA for Mg) with Ca:Mg intake ratio of 2.0–2.5 are important for reducing cardiovascular disease risks in older patients with diabetes.
Collapse
|
35
|
Bharadwaj S, Gohel TD, Deen OJ, Coughlin KL, Corrigan ML, Fisher J, Lopez R, Shatnawei A, Kirby DF. Prevalence and Predictors of Vitamin D Deficiency and Response to Oral Supplementation in Patients Receiving Long-Term Home Parenteral Nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 2014; 29:681-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0884533614539178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Omer J. Deen
- Torrance Memorial Medical Center, Torrance, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pathak K, Soares MJ, Calton EK, Zhao Y, Hallett J. Vitamin D supplementation and body weight status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2014; 15:528-37. [PMID: 24528624 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is anticipated to have many extra-skeletal health benefits. We questioned whether supplementation with the vitamin influenced body weight and composition. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on high-quality, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had supplemented vitamin D without imposing any caloric restriction. Eighteen trials reporting either body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), percentage fat mass (%FM) or lean body mass (LBM) met our criteria. Twelve studies provided the required data for the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the standardized mean difference (SMD) for body weight, FM, %FM or LBM. A small but non-significant decrease in BMI (SMD = -0.097, 95% confidence interval: [-0.210, 0.016], P = 0.092) was observed. Meta-regression confirmed that neither the absolute vitamin D status achieved nor its change from baseline influenced the SMD of any obesity measure. However, increasing age of the subjects predicted a shift in the SMD for FM towards the placebo treatment, whereas a greater percentage of women in these studies favoured a decrease in FM following vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease measures of adiposity in the absence of caloric restriction. A potential confounding by age and gender was encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Pathak
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Garg M, Dalela D, Goel A, Kumar M, Sankhwar SN. Prevention of prostate cancer with vitamins - current perspectives. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1897-904. [PMID: 24716908 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer prostate is the most common solid malignancy in males of developed countries. With increasing knowledge of the aetiology, pathogenesis and natural history of the disease, influences of dietary factors on prostate cancer development have become more evident. There is ample evidence in the literature of significance of dietary constituents for prostate cancer including vitamins A, D and E. Different vitamins have been found to effect the growth and proliferation of prostate cancer cells as evident in epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies. Various factors play the major role in determining the relationship between these vitamins and prostate cancer in terms of environmental, pharmacological, or genetic aspects. To explore these aspects, the present article reviews the literature on the present status of vitamin use for prevention and management of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Garg
- Department of Urology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Calcium and vitamin D in the regulation of energy balance: where do we stand? Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:4938-45. [PMID: 24658438 PMCID: PMC3975432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15034938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a pandemic of obesity and associated chronic diseases. Dietary calcium and vitamin D have many extra-skeletal roles in human health. In this review we have summarized the current understanding of their influence on human energy balance by examining the epidemiological, clinical, animal, cellular and molecular evidence. We opine that while calcium and vitamin D are functional nutrients in the battle against obesity, there is a need for prospective human trials to tilt the balance of evidence in favour of these nutrients.
Collapse
|
39
|
Dumitrescu G, Mihai C, Dranga M, Prelipcean CC. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and inflammatory bowel disease characteristics in Romania. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2392-2396. [PMID: 24605037 PMCID: PMC3942843 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To describe the relationship between vitamin D levels and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characteristics in northeastern Romanian patients.
METHODS: This was a prospective study of 47 consecutive IBD patients admitted to The Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Iasi, Romania between March 2011 and June 2012. The diagnosis of IBD was established based on endoscopic, histologic and radiologic findings. Demographic data, disease characteristics, ongoing treatments and biological parameters of patients (including markers of inflammation: C-reactive protein level, fibrinogen level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were recorded. Serum vitamin D levels were measured and compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers from the same geographic area. Vitamin D levels were defined as sufficient (> 30 ng/mL), insufficient (20-30 ng/mL), or severely deficient (< 20 ng/mL).
RESULTS: Thirty-three of the IBD patients included in this study had ulcerative colitis (UC) and 14 had Crohn’s disease (CD). Only 24% of the UC patients and 21% of the CD patients had sufficient vitamin D levels. The vitamin D levels were significantly lower in the CD patients with moderate to severe disease activity compared to the CD patients in remission or with mild disease activity (16 ± 6 ng/mL vs 26 ± 7 ng/mL; 16 ± 6 ng/mL vs 31 ± 9 ng/mL, respectively, P < 0.05). Vitamin D levels in the UC patients were not influenced by disease activity and no correlation was observed with the inflammation markers tested (C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate). No association was observed between vitamin D levels and smoking status or ongoing medication (5ASA, steroids, and anti-TNFα). Newly diagnosed IBD patients had lower vitamin D levels than patients with established cases, though these differences were not significant (UC: 22 ± 9 ng/mL vs 26 ± 12 ng/mL; CD: 18 ± 6 ng/mL vs 27 ± 11 ng/mL, respectively). Although no association was found between the season during which the visit was scheduled and vitamin D levels, the UC patients assessed during the winter tended to have lower levels than those assessed during the summer (22 ± 9 ng/mL vs 28 ± 13 ng/mL, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Vitamin D levels are significantly reduced in IBD patients in northeastern Romania, with the lowest levels occurring in CD patients with moderate to severe disease activity.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pilz S, Gaksch M, O'Hartaigh B, Tomaschitz A, März W. The role of vitamin D deficiency in cardiovascular disease: where do we stand in 2013? Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:2083-103. [PMID: 24173581 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The high worldwide prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is largely the result of low sunlight exposure with subsequently limited cutaneous vitamin D production. Classic manifestations of vitamin D deficiency are linked to disturbances in bone and mineral metabolism, but the identification of the vitamin D receptor in almost every human cell suggests a broader role of vitamin D for overall and cardiovascular health. The various cardiovascular protective actions of vitamin D such as anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects including renin suppression as well as protection against atherosclerosis and heart diseases are well defined in previous experimental studies. In line with this, large epidemiological studies have highlighted vitamin D deficiency as a marker of cardiovascular risk. However, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin D have largely failed to show its beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases and its conventional risk factors. While most prior vitamin D RCTs were not designed to assess cardiovascular outcomes, some large RCTs have been initiated to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular events in the general population. When considering the history of previous disappointing vitamin RCTs in general populations, more emphasis should be placed on RCTs among severely vitamin D-deficient populations who would most likely benefit from vitamin D treatment. At present, vitamin D deficiency can only be considered a cardiovascular risk marker, as vitamin D supplementation with doses recommended for osteoporosis treatment is neither proven to be beneficial nor harmful in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hypovitaminosis D in geriatric acute care unit: a biomarker of longer length of stay. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:525-9. [PMID: 24223464 PMCID: PMC3809738 DOI: 10.1155/2013/428479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Hypovitaminosis D is linked to unstable health in older adults. Our objectives were to determine (i) the difference in length of stay (LOS) in geriatric acute care unit between inpatients with and without hypovitaminosis D and (ii) whether there was a linear association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and LOS. Methods. 253 inpatients admitted in 2008 to the geriatric acute care unit of Angers University Hospital, France, (mean age±standard deviation, 86.2 ± 6.0 years; 66.8% female) were included in this historical cohort study. LOS was calculated by subtracting day of admission from day of discharge. Hypovitaminosis D was defined as 25OHD≤50 nmol/L at the time of admission. Age, gender, place of life, functional independence, reason for admission, number of acute diseases and comorbidities, use of vitamin D supplements, and creatinine clearance were used as confounders. Results. Participants with hypovitaminosis D had longer LOS than their counterparts (15.2 ± 8.2 days versus 12.1 ± 7.0 days, P = 0.017), underlining a mean difference of 3 days. 25OHD concentration inversely correlated (r = −0.14, P = 0.028) and was inversely associated with LOS (adjusted β = −0.07 [95%CI: −0.14; −0.02], P = 0.043). Conclusions. We found an inverse linear association between serum 25OHD concentrations and LOS in a geriatric acute care unit. Participants with 25OHD>50 nmol/L were hospitalized on average 3 days less than those with 25OHD≤50 nmol/L.
Collapse
|
42
|
Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease. Nutrients 2013; 5:3005-21. [PMID: 23912328 PMCID: PMC3775239 DOI: 10.3390/nu5083005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency, as well as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and related risk factors are highly prevalent worldwide and frequently co-occur. Vitamin D has long been known to be an essential part of bone metabolism, although recent evidence suggests that vitamin D plays a key role in the pathophysiology of other diseases, including CVD, as well. In this review, we aim to summarize the most recent data on the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in the development of major cardiovascular risk factors: hypertension, obesity and dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, we outline the most recent observational, as well as interventional data on the influence of vitamin D on CVD. Since it is still an unresolved issue whether vitamin D deficiency is causally involved in the pathogenesis of CVD, data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes are awaited with anticipation. At present, we can only conclude that vitamin D deficiency is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, but whether vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve cardiovascular outcomes is still largely unknown.
Collapse
|
43
|
Stumpf WE. Whole-body and microscopic autoradiography to determine tissue distribution of biopharmaceuticals -- target discoveries with receptor micro-autoradiography engendered new concepts and therapies for vitamin D. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1086-97. [PMID: 23391491 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Information about the distribution of biopharmaceuticals is basic for understanding their actions. Tissue and cellular localization is a key to function. Autoradiography with radiolabeled compounds has provided valuable information with both low resolution whole-body macro-autoradiography and high resolution microscopic autoradiography (micro-autoradiography). Whole-body macro-autoradiography is a uniform and expedient single method approach, providing convenient dose- and time-related overviews with data similar to those obtained with conventional bioassays - and therefore widely used. However, whole-body macro-autoradiography, like common bioassays, has limitations. High specificity-low capacity sites of binding and deposition frequently remain unrecognized. Lack of cellular resolution can cause false negatives and provide misleading results (e.g., false blood-brain barrier). For micro-autoradiography, different methods are advertised in the literature. Most of them are, however, unsuited for drug localization because of inadequate resolution and frequent artifacts. Most drugs interact with their receptors non-covalently by weak electrostatic forces. Therefore, translocation and loss can occur during tissue preparation. This has complicated the use of micro-autoradiography. Receptor micro-autoradiography has overcome these complications and is a method of choice. It has been validated through several diffusible compounds with known localization, extensively applied. It has contributed numerous discoveries, followed by new concepts and therapies. Pictorial evidence in this review indicates that cellular information is essential, a 'sine qua non' for meaningful drug distribution studies. High resolution cellular microscopic information obtained from autoradiography requires tissue dissection and the necessary precautions for preserving pristine in vivo drug deposition. Receptor micro-autoradiography fulfils these requirements. It reveals crucial information at the subcellular level that cannot currently be obtained with any other type of autoradiography or spectrometric imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Stumpf
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2612 Damascus Church Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pilz S, Kienreich K, Rutters F, de Jongh R, van Ballegooijen AJ, Grübler M, Tomaschitz A, Dekker JM. Role of vitamin D in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2013; 13:261-70. [PMID: 23264189 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-012-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is mainly a consequence of insufficient sunlight induced vitamin D production in the skin and has been associated with various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes. Experimental data have shown that vitamin D is important for glucose induced insulin secretion, improves insulin resistance, and exerts anti-inflammatory actions. Epidemiological studies have largely documented that a poor vitamin D status is associated with higher risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The majority of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in healthy or prediabetic individuals have, however, failed to demonstrate relevant vitamin D effects on insulin resistance or diabetes incidence. In patients with type 2 diabetes, a few RCTs reported some moderate effects of vitamin D on glycemic control and insulin resistance. While these findings warrant further in-depth studies, the current evidence is insufficient to recommend vitamin D supplementation for the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pilz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cheng KH, Huang SP, Huang CN, Lee YC, Chu CS, Chang CF, Lai WT, Liu CC. The impact of estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 on metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Taiwanese males. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60295. [PMID: 23555948 PMCID: PMC3610656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to adipocytokines, estradiol (E2) and vitamin D have been reported to affect insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and body weight. However, studies about the impact of E2 and vitamin D on metabolic syndrome (MetS) are still limited. The aim of this study is to clarify the roles of circulating E2 and vitamin D on the risk of MetS in middle-aged Taiwanese males. A total of 655 male volunteers, including 243 subjects with MetS (mean age: 56.7±5.8 years) and 412 normal controls (mean age: 55.1±3.6 years), were evaluated. Subjects with MetS had significantly lower circulating E2, 1,25(OH)2D3, and adiponectin, and higher leptin than those without MetS (P<0.001 for all comparisons). E2 and 1,25(OH)2D3 were significantly associated with 4 individual components of MetS; more than adiponectin and leptin that were only associated with 3 individual components. In multivariate regression analysis, E2 (beta = −0.216, P<0.001) and 1,25(OH)2D3 (beta = 0.067, P = 0.045) were still significant predictors of MetS independent of adiponectin and leptin. Further large studies are needed to confirm our preliminary results and elucidate the possible mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pin Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nung Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Chu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Fen Chang
- Department of Physical Therapy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Pingtung Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (WTL); (CCL)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peterlik M, Kállay E, Cross HS. Calcium nutrition and extracellular calcium sensing: relevance for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Nutrients 2013; 5:302-27. [PMID: 23340319 PMCID: PMC3571650 DOI: 10.3390/nu5010302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Through a systematic search in Pubmed for literature, on links between calcium malnutrition and risk of chronic diseases, we found the highest degree of evidence for osteoporosis, colorectal and breast cancer, as well as for hypertension, as the only major cardiovascular risk factor. Low calcium intake apparently has some impact also on cardiovascular events and disease outcome. Calcium malnutrition can causally be related to low activity of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). This member of the family of 7-TM G-protein coupled receptors allows extracellular Ca2+ to function as a "first messenger" for various intracellular signaling cascades. Evidence demonstrates that Ca2+/CaSR signaling in functional linkage with vitamin D receptor (VDR)-activated pathways (i) promotes osteoblast differentiation and formation of mineralized bone; (ii) targets downstream effectors of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathway to inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of colorectal cancer cells; (iii) evokes Ca2+ influx into breast cancer cells, thereby activating pro-apoptotic intracellular signaling. Furthermore, Ca2+/CaSR signaling opens Ca2+-sensitive K+ conductance channels in vascular endothelial cells, and also participates in IP(3)-dependent regulation of cytoplasmic Ca2+, the key intermediate of cardiomyocyte functions. Consequently, impairment of Ca2+/CaSR signaling may contribute to inadequate bone formation, tumor progression, hypertension, vascular calcification and, probably, cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meinrad Peterlik
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spence LA, Weaver CM. Calcium intake, vascular calcification, and vascular disease. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:15-22. [DOI: 10.1111/nure.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Connie M Weaver
- Department of Nutrition Science; Purdue University; West Lafayette; Indiana; USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guerrieri-Gonzaga A, Gandini S. Vitamin D and overall mortality. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 26:16-28. [PMID: 23045997 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid molecule, mainly produced in the skin that regulates the expression of a large number of genes. Several meta-analyses of epidemiological studies support the evidence that low vitamin D serum level, which is highly prevalent worldwide, could be a 'new' risk factor for many chronic diseases including cancer, and for all-cause mortality. A meta-analysis in healthy subjects suggested that current doses of vitamin D supplements could be associated with decrease in total mortality rates. However, these associations are insufficient to establish causality between vitamin D and all-cause mortality. Furthermore, long-term health effects of high doses of vitamin D, that is, prolonged supplementation and association with different baseline vitamin D levels, remain to be investigated. Several trials are ongoing but population-based, placebo-controlled randomized trials with total mortality as the main endpoint should be planned to confirm a real beneficial effect of vitamin D for non-skeletal diseases and to prove causality.
Collapse
|
49
|
Murie J, Messow CM, Fitzpatrick B. Feasibility of screening for and treating vitamin D deficiency in forensic psychiatric inpatients. J Forensic Leg Med 2012; 19:457-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
50
|
Vitamin D and the scientific calcium dogma: understanding the ‘Panacea’ of the sun. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:1080-1. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|