1
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Orabi M, Ghosh G. Investigating the Interplay Between Matrix Compliance and Passaging History on Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Encapsulated Within Alginate-Gelatin Hybrid Hydrogels. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2722-2734. [PMID: 37453976 PMCID: PMC10632279 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used widely in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine because of their ease of isolation and their pluripotency. The low survival and retention rate of MSCs at the target site upon implantation can be addressed via encapsulation within hydrogels capable of directing their fate. In this study, the interplay between matrix mechanics and the passage number of MSCs on their chondrogenic differentiation was assessed. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs between passages 4 and 6 were encapsulated within alginate-gelatin hybrid gels. The stiffness of the gels was varied by varying alginate concentrations while maintaining the concentration of gelatin and consequently, the cell adhesion sites, constant. The study revealed that within 4.8 kPa gels, GAG deposition was higher by P4 MSCs compared to P6 MSCs. However, an opposite trend was observed with collagen type 2 deposition. Further, we observed enhanced chondrogenic differentiation upon encapsulation of MSCs within 6.7 kPa hydrogel irrespective of passaging history. However, the effect of matrix compliance was more prominent in the case of higher passaged MSCs suggesting that matrix stiffness can help rescue the reduced differentiation capability of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Orabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA.
- Amgen Bioprocessing Center, Henry E. Riggs School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA.
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2
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Magwaza SN, Islam MS. Roles of Marine Macroalgae or Seaweeds and Their Bioactive Compounds in Combating Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040258. [PMID: 37103396 PMCID: PMC10142144 DOI: 10.3390/md21040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are matters of serious concern in the health sector due to their rapid increase in prevalence over the last three decades. Obesity is a severe metabolic problem that results in energy imbalance that is persistent over a long period of time, and it is characterized by insulin resistance, suggesting a strong association with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The available therapies for these diseases have side effects and some still need to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and they are expensive for underdeveloped countries. Hence, the need for natural anti-obesity and anti-diabetic drugs has increased in recent years due to their lower costs and having virtually no or negligible side effects. This review thoroughly examined the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of various marine macroalgae or seaweeds and their bioactive compounds in different experimental settings. According to the findings of this review, seaweeds and their bioactive compounds have been shown to have strong potential to alleviate obesity and diabetes in both in vitro and in vivo or animal-model studies. However, the number of clinical trials in this regard is limited. Hence, further studies investigating the effects of marine algal extracts and their bioactive compounds in clinical settings are required for developing anti-obesity and anti-diabetic medicines with better efficacy but lower or no side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S'thandiwe Nozibusiso Magwaza
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Md Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban 4000, South Africa
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3
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Kumari A, Garima, Bharadvaja N. A comprehensive review on algal nutraceuticals as prospective therapeutic agent for different diseases. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:44. [PMID: 36643398 PMCID: PMC9834485 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ongoing research in the food supplement sector provides insightful information regarding algae as a new-generation nutritional supplement and is also referred to as a superfood. Due to the diverse nutritional components, algae have documented numerous health benefits like fighting microbial diseases, hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, algae-derived nutraceuticals account for a rapidly expanding market in the food supplements sector. The concept of algal prebiotics and their role in modulating gut microbiota have also been a chief contributor to this. This review evaluates the use of possible algal species and their specific bioactive compounds for the management of several chronic diseases. Proteins, peptides, polysaccharides, phenolics, and vitamins give an insight into the significance of algae in boosting the immune system and improving the body's nutritional makeup. In addition, phyco-compounds such as polysaccharides and polyphenols are also receiving a lot more interest in cosmeceutical applications for protecting skin from photodamage. The incorporation of algae in the diet for the management and prevention of chronic diseases like cancer, lung, and heart disease has been discussed in this review along with their action mechanism. This review provides a brief overview of several bioactive compounds present in micro and macroalgae and their therapeutic effect on lifestyle diseases, gastrointestinal diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Kumari
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Garima
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
| | - Navneeta Bharadvaja
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042 India
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4
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Alginates Combined with Natural Polymers as Valuable Drug Delivery Platforms. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010011. [PMID: 36662184 PMCID: PMC9861938 DOI: 10.3390/md21010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginates (ALG) have been used in biomedical and pharmaceutical technologies for decades. ALG are natural polymers occurring in brown algae and feature multiple advantages, including biocompatibility, low toxicity and mucoadhesiveness. Moreover, ALG demonstrate biological activities per se, including anti-hyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, anti-reflux, immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory activities. ALG are characterized by gelling ability, one of the most frequently utilized properties in the drug form design. ALG have numerous applications in pharmaceutical technology that include micro- and nanoparticles, tablets, mucoadhesive dosage forms, wound dressings and films. However, there are some shortcomings, which impede the development of modified-release dosage forms or formulations with adequate mechanical strength based on pure ALG. Other natural polymers combined with ALG create great potential as drug carriers, improving limitations of ALG matrices. Therefore, in this paper, ALG blends with pectins, chitosan, gelatin, and carrageenans were critically reviewed.
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5
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Giuntini EB, Sardá FAH, de Menezes EW. The Effects of Soluble Dietary Fibers on Glycemic Response: An Overview and Futures Perspectives. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233934. [PMID: 36496742 PMCID: PMC9736284 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of each food, composition, and structure affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary fiber (DF), especially viscous DF, can contribute to a reduction in the glycemic response resulting from the consumption of carbohydrate-rich foods. Target and control of postprandial glycemic values are critical for diabetes prevention and management. Some mechanisms have been described for soluble DF action, from the increase in chyme viscosity to the production of short-chain fatty acids resulting from fermentation, which stimulates gastrointestinal motility and the release of GLP-1 and PYY hormones. The postprandial glycemic response due to inulin and resistant starch ingestion is well established. However, other soluble dietary fibers (SDF) can also contribute to glycemic control, such as gums, β-glucan, psyllium, arabinoxylan, soluble corn fiber, resistant maltodextrin, glucomannan, and edible fungi, which can be added alone or together in different products, such as bread, beverages, soups, biscuits, and others. However, there are technological challenges to be overcome, despite the benefits provided by the SDF, as it is necessary to consider the palatability and maintenance of their proprieties during production processes. Studies that evaluate the effect of full meals with enriched SDF on postprandial glycemic responses should be encouraged, as this would contribute to the recommendation of viable dietary options and sustainable health goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Bistriche Giuntini
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), University of São Paulo (USP) Rua do Lago, 250 Cidade Universitária CEP, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiana Andrea Hoffmann Sardá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Limerick (UL), V94XD21 Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (UL), V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
- Bernal Institute (UL), V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elizabete Wenzel de Menezes
- Food Research Center (FoRC/CEPID/FAPESP), University of São Paulo (USP) Rua do Lago, 250 Cidade Universitária CEP, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
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6
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Manzoor F, Nisa MU, Shakoor A, Hussain L, Mahmood A, Younas A. Effect of sodium alginate supplementation on weight management and reproductive hormones in polycystic females. Food Funct 2022; 13:9847-9855. [PMID: 36047511 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber is getting attention these days due to its tendency to improve the reproductive performance in human beings. Sodium alginate (SA) is one of the natural dietary fibers. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of SA on serum insulin, blood sugar, lipid profile, estrogen and testosterone in polycystic (PCOS) females. A single in vivo trial was conducted on thirty adult PCOS females (25 ± 5 years old) with a body mass index (BMI) of 27.5 ± 3.5 kg m-2. Blood samples of all PCOS females were drawn for the initial biochemical analysis and considered as the negative control (NC). A complete randomized design was used to divide the NC group into three equal subgroups (n = 9) i.e. SA3: with 0.03 g; SA6: with 0.06 g per kg body weight per day of sodium alginate; the positive control (PC): metformin 500 mg day-1 for 60 days (two months). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the body weight, BMI, blood sugar, serum insulin, lipids and testosterone was observed, while a significant incremental effect (p < 0.05) was observed in the high-density lipoprotein level. The percentages of some physical parameters were also improved like obesity, menstrual cycle, physical activity, psychological issues and hirsutism. Therefore, the study concluded that SA exhibited therapeutic potential for weight management and the improvement of serum testosterone in PCOS females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Manzoor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Mahr-Un Nisa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Shakoor
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Medical and Dental College, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Anam Younas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
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7
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Luo Q, Jin T, huang J, Liu Z, Huang D, Qian Y. Porous phytic acid-doped sodium alginate aerogels as the electrode material for the electrosorption of uranium from acidic solution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Seaweeds as Ingredients to Lower Glycemic Potency of Cereal Foods Synergistically-A Perspective. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050714. [PMID: 35267347 PMCID: PMC8909722 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are traditional food ingredients mainly in seaside regions. Modern food science and nutrition researchers have identified seaweed as a source of functional nutrients, such as dietary soluble and insoluble fibers, proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, prebiotic polysaccharides, polyphenols, and carotenoids. Owing to the rich nutrients, seaweeds and seaweed extract can be used as functional ingredients by modifying the nutrients composition to reduce the proportion of available carbohydrates, delaying the gastric emptying time and the absorption rate of glucose by increasing the digesta viscosity, and attenuating the digesting rate by blocking the activity of digestive enzymes. This review presents the concept of using seaweed as unconventional ingredients that can function synergistically to reduce the glycemic potency of cereal products.
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9
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Vaughan K, Ranawana V, Cooper D, Aceves-Martins M. Effect of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and type 2 diabetic individuals: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1194-1205. [PMID: 34549293 PMCID: PMC8990535 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Sustained hyperglycemia triggers chronic disease, including type 2 diabetes. A considerable volume of research has explored the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose control, but equivocal findings have been reported. Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the evidence from human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of brown seaweed on plasma glucose in healthy, at-risk, and individuals with type 2 diabetes. Data Sources MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for reports published between 2000 and 2020. Data Extraction Population, intervention, comparator, outcome, and study design data were extracted. Data Analysis Eighteen RCTs met our inclusion criteria. The reported results varied across and between populations. Meta-analyses showed a significant effect, favoring the intervention group for both fasting (mean difference –4.6 [95% CI –7.88, –1.33]) and postprandial (mean difference –7.1 [95% CI –7.4, –6.9]) plasma glucose. Conclusion Brown seaweed and its extracts show potential for preventing and managing hyperglycemia. Our meta-analysis confirms that brown seaweed positively affects plasma glucose homeostasis, with particularly promising postprandial plasma glucose effects. However, further research is needed because no high-quality RCT was identified. Species-specific and dose–response research is also required. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020187849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Vaughan
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David Cooper
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Magaly Aceves-Martins
- K. Vaughan and M. Aceves-Martins are with the The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK. V. Ranawana is with the School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. D. Cooper is with the Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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10
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Neves MI, Moroni L, Barrias CC. Modulating Alginate Hydrogels for Improved Biological Performance as Cellular 3D Microenvironments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:665. [PMID: 32695759 PMCID: PMC7338591 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The rational choice and design of biomaterials for biomedical applications is crucial for successful in vitro and in vivo strategies, ultimately dictating their performance and potential clinical applications. Alginate, a marine-derived polysaccharide obtained from seaweeds, is one of the most widely used polymers in the biomedical field, particularly to build three dimensional (3D) systems for in vitro culture and in vivo delivery of cells. Despite their biocompatibility, alginate hydrogels often require modifications to improve their biological activity, namely via inclusion of mammalian cell-interactive domains and fine-tuning of mechanical properties. These modifications enable the addition of new features for greater versatility and control over alginate-based systems, extending the plethora of applications and procedures where they can be used. Additionally, hybrid systems based on alginate combination with other components can also be explored to improve the mimicry of extracellular microenvironments and their dynamics. This review provides an overview on alginate properties and current clinical applications, along with different strategies that have been reported to improve alginate hydrogels performance as 3D matrices and 4D dynamic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Isabel Neves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Cristina Carvalho Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Bao W, Li M, Yang Y, Wan Y, Wang X, Bi N, Li C. Advancements and Frontiers in the High Performance of Natural Hydrogels for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Front Chem 2020; 8:53. [PMID: 32117879 PMCID: PMC7028759 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage injury originating from trauma or osteoarthritis is a common joint disease that can bring about an increasing social and economic burden in modern society. On account of its avascular, neural, and lymphatic characteristics, the poor migration ability of chondrocytes, and a low number of progenitor cells, the self-healing ability of cartilage defects has been significantly limited. Natural hydrogels, occurring abundantly with characteristics such as high water absorption, biodegradation, adjustable porosity, and biocompatibility like that of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), have been developed into one of the most suitable scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of cartilage in material science and tissue engineering. Notably, natural hydrogels derived from sources such as animal or human cadaver tissues possess the bionic mechanical behaviors of physiological cartilage that are required for usage as articular cartilage substitutes, by which the enhanced chondrogenic phenotype ability may be achieved by facilely embedding living cells, controlling degradation profiles, and releasing stimulatory growth factors. Hence, we summarize an overview of strategies and developments of the various kinds and functions of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering in this review. The main concepts and recent essential research found that great challenges like vascularity, clinically relevant size, and mechanical performances were still difficult to overcome because the current limitations of technologies need to be severely addressed in practical settings, particularly in unpredictable preclinical trials and during future forays into cartilage regeneration using natural hydrogel scaffolds with high mechanical properties. Therefore, the grand aim of this current review is to underpin the importance of preparation, modification, and application for the high performance of natural hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering, which has been achieved by presenting a promising avenue in various fields and postulating real-world respective potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuren Bao
- School of Nursing, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Menglu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics & Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Bi
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- Orthopaedic Department, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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12
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Wee MSM, Henry CJ. Reducing the glycemic impact of carbohydrates on foods and meals: Strategies for the food industry and consumers with special focus on Asia. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:670-702. [PMID: 33325165 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is increasingly prevalent in Asia, which can be attributed to a carbohydrate-rich diet, consisting of foods in the form of grains, for example, rice, or a food product made from flours or isolated starch, for example, noodles. Carbohydrates become a health issue when they are digested and absorbed rapidly (high glycemic index), and more so when they are consumed in large quantities (high glycemic load). The principal strategies of glycemic control should thus aim to reduce the amount of carbohydrate available for digestion, reduce the rate of digestion of the food, reduce the rate of glucose absorption, and increase the rate of glucose removal from blood. From a food perspective, the composition and structure of the food can be modified to reduce the amount of carbohydrates or alter starch digestibility and glucose absorption rates via using different food ingredients and processing methods. From a human perspective, eating behavior and food choices surrounding a meal can also affect glycemic response. This review therefore identifies actionable strategies and opportunities across foods and meals that can be considered by food manufacturers or consumers. They are (a) using alternative ingredients, (b) adding functional ingredients, and (c) changing processing methods and parameters for foods, and optimizing (a) eating behavior, (b) preloading or co-ingestion of other macronutrients, and (c) meal sequence and history. The effectiveness of a strategy would depend on consumer acceptance, compatibility of the strategy with an existing food product, and whether it is economically or technologically feasible. A combination of two or more strategies is recommended for greater effectiveness and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- May S M Wee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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13
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Pettersson S, Edin F, Bakkman L, McGawley K. Effects of supplementing with an 18% carbohydrate-hydrogel drink versus a placebo during whole-body exercise in -5 °C with elite cross-country ski athletes: a crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2019; 16:46. [PMID: 31655603 PMCID: PMC6815417 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-019-0317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whilst the ergogenic effects of carbohydrate intake during prolonged exercise are well-documented, few investigations have studied the effects of carbohydrate ingestion during cross-country skiing, a mode of exercise that presents unique metabolic demands on athletes due to the combined use of large upper- and lower-body muscle masses. Moreover, no previous studies have investigated exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates during cross-country skiing. The current study investigated the effects of a 13C-enriched 18% multiple-transportable carbohydrate solution (1:0.8 maltodextrin:fructose) with additional gelling polysaccharides (CHO-HG) on substrate utilization and gastrointestinal symptoms during prolonged cross-country skiing exercise in the cold, and subsequent double-poling time-trial performance in ~ 20 °C. Methods Twelve elite cross-country ski athletes (6 females, 6 males) performed 120-min of submaximal roller-skiing (69.3 ± 2.9% of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}} $$\end{document}V˙O2peak) in −5 °C while receiving either 2.2 g CHO-HG·min− 1 or a non-caloric placebo administered in a double-blind, randomized manner. Whole-body substrate utilization and exogenous carbohydrate oxidation was calculated for the last 60 min of the submaximal exercise. The maximal time-trial (2000 m for females, 2400 m for males) immediately followed the 120-min submaximal bout. Repeated-measures ANOVAs with univariate follow-ups were conducted, as well as independent and paired t-tests, and significance was set at P < 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Results Exogenous carbohydrate oxidation contributed 27.6 ± 6.6% to the total energy yield with CHO-HG and the peak exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rate reached 1.33 ± 0.27 g·min− 1. Compared to placebo, fat oxidation decreased by 9.5 ± 4.8% with CHO-HG, total carbohydrate oxidation increased by 9.5 ± 4.8% and endogenous carbohydrate utilization decreased by 18.1 ± 6.4% (all P < 0.05). No severe gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in either trial and euhydration was maintained in both trials. Time-trial performance (8.4 ± 0.4 min) was not improved following CHO-HG compared to placebo (− 0.8 ± 3.5 s; 95% confidence interval − 3.0 to 1.5 s; P = 0.46). No sex differences were identified in substrate utilization or relative performance. Conclusions Ingestion of an 18% multiple-transportable carbohydrate solution with gelling polysaccharides was found to be well-tolerated during 120 min of submaximal whole-body exercise, but did not improve subsequent maximal double-poling performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pettersson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Edin
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kerry McGawley
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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14
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El Khoury D, Vien S, Sanchez-Hernandez D, Kung B, Wright A, Goff HD, Anderson GH. Increased milk protein content and whey-to-casein ratio in milk served with breakfast cereal reduce postprandial glycemia in healthy adults: An examination of mechanisms of action. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6766-6780. [PMID: 31229285 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the effects on glycemic response and the underlying mechanisms of action of increasing the protein concentration and decreasing the casein-to-whey ratio in milk when consumed with a high glycemic breakfast cereal. Twelve healthy men and women, aged 18 to 30 yr and with a body mass index of 20 to 24.9 kg/m2, consumed (in random order) milk beverages (250 mL) containing either 3.1 or 9.3% protein and casein-to-whey ratios of either 80:20 or 40:60. We measured postprandial appetite, glucose, regulatory hormones, and stomach emptying rate over 200 min, as well as food intake at an ad libitum meal at 120 min. Although pre-meal appetite was suppressed to a greater extent with milk beverages that had high (9.3%) compared with regular (3.1%) protein content, food intake was similar among all 4 treatments. Pre-meal mean blood glucose was lower with beverages that had high rather than regular milk protein content, with the lowest glucose peaks after the high milk protein treatment with the 40:60 casein-to-whey ratio. Pre-meal insulin and C-peptide levels were not affected by milk protein content or casein-to-whey ratio, but pre-meal glucagon-like peptide 1 was higher after the treatment containing high milk protein and the 40:60 casein-to-whey ratio, and pre-meal cholecystokinin was higher after the treatments containing high milk protein content. Plasma paracetamol response was also lower after the treatments containing high compared with regular milk protein content. When consumed with carbohydrate, milk beverages with high protein content and (to a lesser extent) a decreased casein-to-whey ratio lowered postprandial glycemia through insulin-independent mechanisms, primarily associated with delayed stomach emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia El Khoury
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Shirley Vien
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Diana Sanchez-Hernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Bonnie Kung
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - H Douglas Goff
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8.
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15
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Vien S, Fabek H, Yamagishi Y, Lee YT, Luhovyy BL, Anderson GH. Role of single serving form of dairy on satiety and postprandial glycaemia in young and older healthy adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1289-1296. [PMID: 31039320 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy proteins reduce appetite and improve postprandial glycaemic response in adults. However, there are no reports of dairy in amounts usually consumed on satiety and postprandial glycaemia in either young or older adults. In a randomized crossover design, 30 healthy young adults (age: 23.5 ± 0.5 years; body mass index (BMI): 21.8 ± 0.4 kg/m2) and 30 healthy/overweight older adults (age: 65.2 ± 0.5 years; BMI: 24.7 ± 0.6 kg/m2) consumed 1 serving (according to manufacturers' labels) of skim milk (0.1% milk fat (MF)), whole milk (3.25% MF), plain Greek yogurt (2% MF), cheddar cheese (31% MF), and water (energy-free control) after a 12-h fast. Subjective appetite was measured every 15-30 min over 3 h. Blood glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and every 15-30 min over 2 h. All dairy treatments reduced post-treatment subjective appetite area under the curve (AUC) over 3 h by 8%-17% more than water. Greek yogurt reduced appetite 3-h AUC more than skim and whole milk by 9% and 7%, respectively (p < 0.0001). Post-treatment blood glucose 2-h AUC was 42% lower in young compared with older adults (p = 0.003). It was also 52%-78% lower after cheese compared with milks and yogurt (p < 0.0001). Post-treatment insulin AUC after cheese was only 10%-15% of that after milks and Greek yogurt (p < 0.0001). We conclude that single servings of dairy differ in effect on postprandial satiety and glycaemia and merit consideration in management of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Vien
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hrvoje Fabek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yurie Yamagishi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ying Ti Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bohdan L Luhovyy
- Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS B3M 2J6, Canada
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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16
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Li L, Yu F, Zheng L, Wang R, Yan W, Wang Z, Xu J, Wu J, Shi D, Zhu L, Wang X, Jiang Q. Natural hydrogels for cartilage regeneration: Modification, preparation and application. J Orthop Translat 2019; 17:26-41. [PMID: 31194006 PMCID: PMC6551352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels, consisting of hydrophilic polymers, can be used as films, scaffolds, nanoparticles and drug carriers. They are one of the hot research topics in material science and tissue engineering and are widely used in the field of biomedical and biological sciences. Researchers are seeking for a type of material that is similar to human tissues and can partially replace human tissues or organs. The hydrogel has brought possibility to solve this problem. It has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. After entering the body, it does not cause immune and toxic reactions. The degradation time can be controlled, and the degradation products are nontoxic and nonimmunogenic; the final metabolites can be excreted outside the body. Owing to the lack of blood vessels and poor migration ability of chondrocytes, the self-healing ability of damaged cartilage is limited. Tissue engineering has brought a new direction for the regeneration of cartilage. Drug carriers and scaffolds made of hydrogels are widely used in cartilage tissue engineering. The present review introduces the natural hydrogels, which are often used for cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. THE TRANSLATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THIS ARTICLE This review introduces the natural hydrogels that are often used in cartilage tissue engineering with respect to synthesis, modification and application methods. Furthermore, the essential concepts and recent discoveries were demonstrated to illustrate the achievable goals and the current limitations. In addition, we propose the putative challenges and directions for the use of natural hydrogels in cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liya Zhu
- School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Huang Z, Wang Y, Shafer R, Winn NC, Kanaley JA, Vardhanabhuti B. Glycemic effects following the consumption of mixed soy protein isolate and alginate beverages in healthy adults. Food Funct 2019; 10:1718-1725. [PMID: 30848259 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the consumption of beverages containing mixed soy protein isolate (SPI) and fiber, alginate (ALG), would affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses or appetite in healthy adults. Following an overnight fast, twelve healthy subjects were asked to consume six standardized breakfast beverages in a randomized order: a 122 kcal sugar beverage (CONT), a 122 kcal sugar beverage with ALG, a 172 kcal sugar beverage with SPI at pH 7 (SPI-7) or 6 (SPI-6), and a 172 kcal sugar beverage with mixed SPI and alginate at pH 7 (SPI + ALG-7) or 6 (SPI + ALG-6). Subjects consumed one of the beverages at time 0. Blood samples were drawn at -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min and questionnaires were completed immediately following the blood drawing at each time point. The results showed that, compared to CONT, the consumption of SPI-7, SPI-6, SPI + ALG-7 and SPI + ALG-6 significantly lowered (P < 0.05) the peak plasma glucose concentration (33.4%, 36.3%, 53.2%, and 58.5%, respectively), 120 min incremental area under the curve (AUC), and peak insulin concentration. SPI + ALG-6 and SPI + ALG-7 exhibited a significant reduction in the peak glucose concentration compared to SPI without alginate (P < 0.05). No significant effect on appetite was found in any conditions. Electrostatic interactions between the protein and alginate during digestion and formation of intragastric gel could play an important role in influencing the postprandial glucose response. This study indicates that the consumption of mixed SPI and ALG beverages was the most effective in attenuating the postprandial glycemic excursion in healthy adult subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhi Huang
- Food Science Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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18
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Marciani L, Lopez-Sanchez P, Pettersson S, Hoad C, Abrehart N, Ahnoff M, Ström A. Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in vivo. Food Funct 2019; 10:7892-7899. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polysaccharide drink containing 14% maltodextrin/fructose shows in vivo gelling behaviour as evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marciani
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre
| | | | - Stefan Pettersson
- Center for Health and Performance
- Department of Food and Nutrition
- and Sport Science
- University of Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | - Caroline Hoad
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre
| | - Nichola Abrehart
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre
| | | | - Anna Ström
- Applied Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- Gothenburg
- Sweden
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19
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Yu F, Han X, Zhang K, Dai B, Shen S, Gao X, Teng H, Wang X, Li L, Ju H, Wang W, Zhang J, Jiang Q. Evaluation of a polyvinyl alcohol-alginate based hydrogel for precise 3D bioprinting. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2944-2954. [PMID: 30329209 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiao Han
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Kaijia Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
- Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Bingyang Dai
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
- Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Huajian Teng
- Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Xingsong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing China
- Institue of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Southeast University; Nanjing China
- Institue of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physics; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- School of Medicine; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Drum Tower of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing China
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery; Drum Tower Hospital affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University; Nanjing China
- Model Animal Research Center; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
- Institue of Medical 3D Printing, Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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20
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Templeman JR, Rogers MA, Cant JP, McBride BW, Osborne VR. Effects of a wax organogel and alginate gel complex on holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4488-4494. [PMID: 29460434 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to: (a) select an ideal organogel for the oil phase of a novel gel encapsulation technology, (b) optimize the formulation of an organogel and sodium alginate-based gel complex, and (c) examine the rumen protective ability of the gel by measuring 48-h in vitro ruminal dry matter disappearance and gas production from encapsulated dried and ground holy basil leaves. RESULTS A rice-bran wax and canola oil organogel was selected for the oil phase of the gel complex as this combination had a 48-h dry matter disappearance of 6%, the lowest of all organogels analyzed. The gel complex was formulated by homogenizing the organogel with a sodium alginate solution to create a low-viscosity oil-in-water emulsion. Average dry matter disappearance of gel-encapsulated holy basil was 19%, compared to 42% for the free, unprotected holy basil. However, gel encapsulation of holy basil stimulated gas production. Specifically, gas production of encapsulated holy basil was four times higher than the treatment with holy basil added on top of the gel prior to incubation rather than encapsulated within the gel. CONCLUSION Although the gel itself was highly degradable, it is speculated encapsulation thwarted holy basil's antimicrobial activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John P Cant
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian W McBride
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vern R Osborne
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Cassidy YM, McSorley EM, Allsopp PJ. Effect of soluble dietary fibre on postprandial blood glucose response and its potential as a functional food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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22
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Poutanen KS, Dussort P, Erkner A, Fiszman S, Karnik K, Kristensen M, Marsaux CF, Miquel-Kergoat S, Pentikäinen SP, Putz P, Slavin JL, Steinert RE, Mela DJ. A review of the characteristics of dietary fibers relevant to appetite and energy intake outcomes in human intervention trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:747-754. [PMID: 28724643 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many intervention studies have tested the effect of dietary fibers (DFs) on appetite-related outcomes, with inconsistent results. However, DFs comprise a wide range of compounds with diverse properties, and the specific contribution of these to appetite control is not well characterized.Objective: The influence of specific DF characteristics [i.e., viscosity, gel-forming capacity, fermentability, or molecular weight (MW)] on appetite-related outcomes was assessed in healthy humans.Design: Controlled human intervention trials that tested the effects of well-characterized DFs on appetite ratings or energy intake were identified from a systematic search of literature. Studies were included only if they reported 1) DF name and origin and 2) data on viscosity, gelling properties, fermentability, or MW of the DF materials or DF-containing matrixes.Results: A high proportion of the potentially relevant literature was excluded because of lack of adequate DF characterization. In total, 49 articles that met these criteria were identified, which reported 90 comparisons of various DFs in foods, beverages, or supplements in acute or sustained-exposure trials. In 51 of the 90 comparisons, the DF-containing material of interest was efficacious for ≥1 appetite-related outcome. Reported differences in material viscosity, MW, or fermentability did not clearly correspond to differences in efficacy, whereas gel-forming DF sources were consistently efficacious (but with very few comparisons).Conclusions: The overall inconsistent relations of DF properties with respect to efficacy may reflect variation in measurement methodology, nature of the DF preparation and matrix, and study designs. Methods of DF characterization, incorporation, and study design are too inconsistent to allow generalized conclusions about the effects of DF properties on appetite and preclude the development of reliable, predictive, structure-function relations. Improved standards for characterization and reporting of DF sources and DF-containing materials are strongly recommended for future studies on the effects of DF on human physiology. This trial was registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42015015336.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre Dussort
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alfrun Erkner
- Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susana Fiszman
- Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Kavita Karnik
- Innovation and Commercial Development, Tate and Lyle, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mette Kristensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cyril Fm Marsaux
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium;
| | | | | | - Peter Putz
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe a.i.s.b.l., Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanne L Slavin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN
| | - Robert E Steinert
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Human Nutrition and Health, Basel, Switzerland; and
| | - David J Mela
- Unilever R&D Vlaardingen, Vlaardingen, Netherlands
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23
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Kanbargi KD, Sonawane SK, Arya SS. Encapsulation characteristics of protein hydrolysate extracted from Ziziphus jujube seed. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1282516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketaki D. Kanbargi
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin K. Sonawane
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Shalini S. Arya
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, NM Parikh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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24
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Wan-Loy C, Siew-Moi P. Marine Algae as a Potential Source for Anti-Obesity Agents. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14120222. [PMID: 27941599 PMCID: PMC5192459 DOI: 10.3390/md14120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major epidemic that poses a worldwide threat to human health, as it is also associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic intervention through weight loss drugs, accompanied by diet and exercise, is one of the options for the treatment and management of obesity. However, the only approved anti-obesity drug currently available in the market is orlistat, a synthetic inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Other anti-obesity drugs are still being evaluated at different stages of clinical trials, while some have been withdrawn due to their severe adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to look for new anti-obesity agents, especially from biological sources. Marine algae, especially seaweeds are a promising source of anti-obesity agents. Four major bioactive compounds from seaweeds which have the potential as anti-obesity agents are fucoxanthin, alginates, fucoidans and phlorotannins. The anti-obesity effects of such compounds are due to several mechanisms, which include the inhibition of lipid absorption and metabolism (e.g., fucoxanthin and fucoidans), effect on satiety feeling (e.g., alginates), and inhibition of adipocyte differentiation (e.g., fucoxanthin). Further studies, especially testing bioactive compounds in long-term human trials are required before any new anti-obesity drugs based on algal products can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wan-Loy
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Phang Siew-Moi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
- Institute of Ocean & Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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25
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Monosodium L-glutamate in soup reduces subsequent energy intake from high-fat savoury food in overweight and obese women. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:176-84. [PMID: 26455957 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The umami seasoning, monosodium L-glutamate (MSG), has been shown to increase satiety in normal body weight adults, although the results have not been consistent. The satiety effect of MSG in overweight and obese adults has not been examined yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of MSG in a vegetable soup on subsequent energy intakes as well as food selection in overweight and obese adult women without eating disorders. A total of sixty-eight overweight and obese women (BMI range: 25·0-39·9 kg/m²), otherwise healthy, were recruited to our study. A fixed portion (200 ml) of control vegetable soup or the same soup with added MSG (0·5 g/100 ml) was provided 10 min before an ad libitum lunch and an ad libitum snack in the mid-afternoon. The control soup had equivalent amount of Na to the soup with added MSG. Energy intakes at the ad libitum lunch and ad libitum snack time after the soup preload were assessed using a randomised, double-blind, two-way cross-over design. The soup with MSG in comparison with the control soup resulted in significantly lower consumption of energy at lunch. The addition of MSG in the soup also reduced energy intake from high-fat savoury foods. The soup with MSG showed lower but no significant difference in energy intake at mid-afternoon. The addition of umami seasoning MSG in a vegetable soup may decrease subsequent energy intake in overweight and obese women who do not have eating disorders.
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26
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Lange KW, Hauser J, Nakamura Y, Kanaya S. Dietary seaweeds and obesity. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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