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Alsharairi NA, Li L. Social marketing targeting healthy eating and physical activity in young adult university students: A scoping review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31930. [PMID: 38845968 PMCID: PMC11153240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult obesity has remained a key health concern globally. Theory-based social marketing interventions are considered effective for improving dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviours. However, their application in universities is not yet established. This review aimed to identify social marketing strategies targeting healthy eating and/or PA behaviours of young adult university students and outline the intervention effectiveness. Literature search, screening, and data extraction followed the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews. PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases were searched for intervention and exploratory studies published between January 1, 2000, and September 20, 2023. Twelve articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria. Although different in study design, all studies reported improved healthy eating-related outcomes, while three showed improved PA-related outcomes. One study incorporated all six of the social marketing benchmarks, but the majority identified two. Most studies focused on behavioural objective, formative research, and marketing mix in their intervention design. Four studies incorporated behaviour change theories in development of the social marketing campaigns. Social marketing using social media could be a significant approach for improving healthy eating and PA in young adult university students when behavioural change theories and all social marketing benchmarks are adopted. More generalizable longer-term investigation into the effectiveness of this approach in university young adults is needed to tackle adult obesity related health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A. Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind and Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Li Li
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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Zhang JJ, Wang XQ, Zeng Q, Gao N, Zhang XY. Prevalence and associated clinical factors for overweight and obesity in young first-episode and drug-naïve Chinese patients with major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1278566. [PMID: 37920541 PMCID: PMC10618673 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1278566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and overweight are common in young patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the prevalence and associated clinical factors of obesity/overweight in young first-episode and drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients are rarely reported in China. Methods A cross-sectional study of 917 young patients (aged 18-35 years) with FEDN MDD was performed. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Depression, anxiety, and psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale, respectively. Results Among the young MDD patients, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 4.14 and 52.89%, respectively. Compared to normal-weight patients, overweight patients were older, had a greater age of onset, and had higher TSH and TG levels. Male MDD patients had a higher risk of obesity than female patients. Compared to obese patients, normal-weight and overweight patients had significantly lower HAMD scores, TC levels, and rates of TSH abnormalities. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, age of onset, and sex were independently associated with obesity, and TSH was independently associated with both obesity and overweight, in young MDD patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in young FEDN MDD patients. Several demographic and clinical variables are independently associated with overweight/obesity in these young MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Encephalopathy, National International Joint Research Center for Molecular Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Fan K, Lv F, Li H, Meng F, Wang T, Zhou Y. Trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence in the United States from 1999 to 2018. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23855. [PMID: 36579793 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The national obesity epidemic and trend of obesity prevalence have been characterized by a series of cross-sectional surveys in the United States, however, less is known about obesity prevalence trajectory by birth cohort. This study aimed to investigate whether trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence varied by birth cohorts among 1940s-1990s in the United States. METHODS Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2018. The trends of obesity and severe obesity prevalence were conducted with synthetic birth cohort. RESULTS There were 60 981 participants (weighted mean age, 38.1 years; female, 50.1%) assigned in 6 birth cohorts (1990s, 1980s, 1970s, 1960s, 1950s, and 1940s) over 1999-2018. The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity increased significantly with age during all birth cohorts except for the 1940s (Ptrend <0.001). For obesity, a significant positive quadratic trend was observed among 1990s birth cohort (Pnon-linearity = 0.037), while a significant positive linear trend (Plinearity <0.001) among 1980s, 1970s, 1960s, and 1950s birth cohorts. Corresponding to same weighted mean age, the prevalence of both obesity and severe obesity in younger birth cohorts were much higher than the older birth generations. CONCLUSIONS The continued upward trend in obesity and severe obesity prevalence by birth cohort highlighted the need for continuing focus on surveillance of body mass index and identification, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based interventions to address this major health problem in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Fan
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Feifei Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Huawei Li
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Meng
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yunping Zhou
- School of Nursing, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Robertson C, Aceves-Martins M, Cruickshank M, Imamura M, Avenell A. Does weight management research for adults with severe obesity represent them? Analysis of systematic review data. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054459. [PMID: 35641006 PMCID: PMC9157335 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the extent to which current evidence from long-term randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of weight management is generalisable and applicable to underserved adult groups with obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥35 kg/m2). METHODS Descriptive analysis of 131 RCTs, published after 1990-May 2017 with ≥1 year of follow-up, included in a systematic review of long-term weight management interventions for adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 (the REBALANCE Project). Studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SCI, CENTRAL and from hand searching. Reporting of trial inclusion and exclusion criteria, trial recruitment strategies, baseline characteristics and outcomes were analysed using a predefined list of characteristics informed by the PROGRESS (Place of residence, Race/ethnicity/culture/language, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital)-Plus framework and the UK Equality Act 2010. RESULTS Few (6.1%) trials reported adapting recruitment to appeal to underserved groups. 10.0% reported culturally adapting their trial materials. Only 6.1% of trials gave any justification for their exclusion criteria, yet over half excluded participation for age or mental health reasons. Just over half (58%) of the trials reported participants' race or ethnicity, and one-fifth reported socioeconomic status. Where outcomes were reported for underserved groups, the most common analysis was by sex (47.3%), followed by race or ethnicity (16.8%). 3.1% of trials reported outcomes according to socioeconomic status. DISCUSSION Although we were limited by poor trial reporting, our results indicate inadequate representation of people most at risk of obesity. Guidance for considering underserved groups may improve the appropriateness of research and inform greater engagement with health and social care services. FUNDING National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number: 15/09/04). PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42016040190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Robertson
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Mari Imamura
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alison Avenell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Lamerton TJ, Mielke GI, Brown WJ. Urinary incontinence, body mass index, and physical activity in young women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 225:164.e1-164.e13. [PMID: 33652055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence suggests that excess weight and obesity are important risk factors for urinary incontinence in women. However, limited data exist regarding the relationships among body mass index, physical activity, and urinary incontinence in women in their 20s. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to (1) compare prevalence rates of urinary incontinence and high body mass index in 2 cohorts of young women, (2) explore associations between changes in body mass index and urinary incontinence using analysis of combined data from the 2 cohorts, and (3) explore the associations between physical activity and urinary incontinence, with adjustment for body mass index. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected from 2 cohorts of young women in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (n=16,065), born 17 years apart: 1973-1978 (cohort 1) and 1989-1995 (cohort 2). The women in both cohorts completed the surveys at age 18 to 23 years (T1), with follow-up 4 years later (age, 22-27 years; T2). Self-reported urinary incontinence and body mass index were assessed in both surveys. As physical activity was measured using different questions in cohort 1 at T1, self-reported physical activity data were from T2 only. A total of 9 body mass index transition categories (based on body mass index status at baseline and follow-up) and 4 physical activity categories were created to assess multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratios for urinary incontinence at T2, using Poisson regression. RESULTS Rates of obesity increased in both cohorts over 4 years, from 6.6%% (95% confidence interval, 6.1-7.2) to 10.4% (95% confidence interval, 9.7-11.0) in cohort 1 and from 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 11.0-12.4) to 19.6% (95% confidence interval, 18.7-20.5) in cohort 2. Compared with women who maintained normal body mass index at T1 and T2, the prevalence ratio for urinary incontinence among those with body mass index >30 at age 22 to 27 years was higher, regardless of body mass index category at age 18 to 23 years (prevalence ratio at T1: 1.39 for normal body mass index [95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.76]; 1.44 for overweight [95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.63]; and 1.51 for obese [95% confidence interval, 1.36-1.67]). In cohort 1, there was no relationship between physical activity and urinary incontinence. However, in cohort 2 there was an inverse dose-response relationship between physical activity and urinary incontinence. CONCLUSION The strong association between obesity and urinary incontinence in young women is a public health concern, given that obesity rates are likely to increase further with age and parity. The potential mitigating effects of physical activity on the obesity-incontinence relationship merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla J Lamerton
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Gregore I Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Grech A, Howse E, Boylan S. A scoping review of policies promoting and supporting sustainable food systems in the university setting. Nutr J 2020; 19:97. [PMID: 32912299 PMCID: PMC7488481 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitioning towards sustainable food systems for the health of the population and planet will require governments and institutions to develop effective governance to support the adoption of sustainable food practices. The aim of the paper is to describe current governance within Australian and New Zealand universities designed to support sustainable food systems. METHODS A systematic search of governance documents to support sustainable food systems within Australian and New Zealand universities was conducted. Data were obtained from 1) targeted websites 2) internet search engines and 3) expert consultations. Inclusion criteria consisted of university governance documents including by-laws, policies, guidelines, frameworks, and procedures that support sustainable food systems. RESULTS Twenty-nine governance documents across nineteen Australian and New Zealand universities were included for synthesis, including waste management policies (n = 3), fair-trade/procurement policies (n = 6), catering and or event guidelines (n = 7) and catering policies (n = 2), and environmental management plans (n = 11). The main strategies adopted by universities were sustainable waste management and prevention (e.g. reducing landfill, reducing wasted food, (27%)), ethical procurement practices (i.e. fair-trade (27%)) and environmentally sustainable food consumption (e.g. local, seasonal, organic, vegetarian food supply (14.5%)). Only 12.5% of universities addressed all three of the main strategies identified. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that while sustainable food systems are considered in some university governance documents, efforts are predominantly focused on aspects such as waste management or procurement of fair-trade items which as stand-alone practices are likely to have minimal impact. This review highlights the scope of universities to provide strong leadership in promoting and supporting sustainable food systems through holistic institutional policies and governance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Grech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Eloise Howse
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sinead Boylan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, John Hopkins Drive, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061865. [PMID: 32585830 PMCID: PMC7353248 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in physical isolation measures in many parts of the world. In Australia, nationwide restrictions included staying at home, unless seeking medical care, providing care, purchasing food, undertaking exercise, or attending work in an essential service. All undergraduate university classes transitioned to online, mostly home-based learning. We, therefore, examined the effect of isolation measures during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia (March/April) on diet (24-h recall) and physical activity (Active Australia Survey) patterns in third-year biomedical students. Findings were compared with students enrolled in the same course in the previous two years. In females, but not males, energy intake was ~20% greater during the pandemic, and snacking frequency and energy density of consumed snacks also increased compared with 2018 and 2019. Physical activity was impacted for both sexes during the pandemic with ~30% fewer students achieving “sufficient” levels of activity, defined by at least 150 min over at least five sessions, compared with the previous two years. In a follow-up study six to eight weeks later (14–18% response rate), during gradual easing of nationwide restrictions albeit continued gym closures and online learning, higher energy intake in females and reduced physical activity levels in both sexes persisted. These data demonstrate the health impacts of isolation measures, with the potential to affect long-term diet and activity behaviours.
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Allman-Farinelli M, Nour M. Exploring the role of social support and social media for lifestyle interventions to prevent weight gain with young adults: Focus group findings. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:178-187. [PMID: 32519384 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults gain more weight annually than other adults and may be destined for future obesity. Effective interventions are needed, and social support may be a key element for success. The present study explores how best to leverage social media to support young adults with their health goals in a healthy lifestyle programme. METHOD Young adults aged 18-25 years were recruited from the community to a series of four focus groups led by an experienced facilitator who used a discussion guide developed a priori. The discussion explored their opinions regarding which social media platforms were appropriate for providing social support, the types of support that were relevant (family and friends versus strangers) and factors that would encourage peer-to-peer communication in a healthy lifestyle intervention. Sessions were audio-taped, transcribed and analysed using the qualitative software, nvivo, version 11 (QSR International Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC, Australia). Themes were generated using an inductive approach informed by the Theory of Social Identity and Social Influence Model of Consumer Participation. RESULTS Thirty-three people (12 male) participated. Facebook was the most popular platform for facilitating social support as a result of its private group capabilities and already being embedded into their daily routines. The preference was to be grouped with strangers who shared similar goals in smaller groups of participants. The discussions highlighted the integral role of a credible and relatable health coach to serve as a mentor, mediator and role model. CONCLUSIONS The learnings from this research will be applied to optimise engagement within social media support groups in lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Allman-Farinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Nour
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Lung T, Baur LA, Bauman A, Hayes A. Can Reducing Childhood Obesity Solve the Obesity Crisis in Australia? Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:857-859. [PMID: 32320143 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity prevention has been identified as a key strategy to address the obesity crisis, with considerable investment by governments internationally. This study modeled the implications of entering adulthood at a lower or higher BMI (a consequence of changes in childhood obesity) and modeled how this would influence future numbers of adults with obesity in Australia. METHODS In this study, a dynamic population model was used to investigate how obesity prevention in children could impact the future number of adults with obesity in Australia from 2015 to 2040. The base population was a nationally representative data set of 14,256 individuals (representing approximately 17 million adults) from the Australian Health Survey 2014-2015. Each year, a new 20-year-old cohort was added to the simulated population, reflecting the transition to adulthood under scenarios of stable, increasing, or decreasing childhood obesity. RESULTS Targeting and reducing childhood obesity will have only a small and delayed effect on adult obesity levels, with approximately 280,000 fewer adults with obesity by 2040. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of investing in and implementing obesity prevention programs across all ages, particularly in young adults, to successfully reduce the prevalence of adult obesity in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lung
- Health Economics and Process Evaluation, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison Hayes
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Davies A, Wellard-Cole L, Rangan A, Allman-Farinelli M. Validity of self-reported weight and height for BMI classification: A cross-sectional study among young adults. Nutrition 2020; 71:110622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Mahumud RA, Alam K, Dunn J, Gow J. Emerging cancer incidence, mortality, hospitalisation and associated burden among Australian cancer patients, 1982 - 2014: an incidence-based approach in terms of trends, determinants and inequality. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031874. [PMID: 31843834 PMCID: PMC6924826 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer is a leading killer worldwide, including Australia. Cancer diagnosis leads to a substantial burden on the individual, their family and society. The main aim of this study is to understand the trends, determinants and inequalities associated with cancer incidence, hospitalisation, mortality and its burden over the period 1982 to 2014 in Australia. SETTINGS The study was conducted in Australia. STUDY DESIGN An incidence-based study design was used. METHODS Data came from the publicly accessible Australian Institute of Health and Welfare database. This contained 2 784 148 registered cancer cases over the study period for all types of cancer. Erreygers' concentration index was used to examine the magnitude of socioeconomic inequality with regards to cancer outcomes. Furthermore, a generalised linear model was constructed to identify the influential factors on the overall burden of cancer. RESULTS The results showed that cancer incidence (annual average percentage change, AAPC=1.33%), hospitalisation (AAPC=1.27%), cancer-related mortality (AAPC=0.76%) and burden of cancer (AAPC=0.84%) all increased significantly over the period. The same-day (AAPC=1.35%) and overnight (AAPC=1.19%) hospitalisation rates also showed an increasing trend. Further, the ratio (least-most advantaged economic resources ratio, LMR of mortality (M) and LMR of incidence (I)) was especially high for cervix (M/I=1.802), prostate (M/I=1.514), melanoma (M/I=1.325), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (M/I=1.325) and breast (M/I=1.318), suggesting that survival inequality was most pronounced for these cancers. Socioeconomically disadvantaged people were more likely to bear an increasing cancer burden in terms of incidence, mortality and death. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences in the burden of cancer persist across socioeconomic strata in Australia. Policymakers should therefore introduce appropriate cancer policies to provide universal cancer care, which could reduce this burden by ensuring curable and preventive cancer care services are made available to all people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashidul Alam Mahumud
- Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Health Economics Research, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Health and Epidemiology Research, Department of Statistics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Khorshed Alam
- Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeff Dunn
- Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jeff Gow
- Health Economics and Policy Research, Centre for Health, Informatics and Economic Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Commerce, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Kitunen A, Rundle-Thiele S, Carins J. Segmenting Young Adult University Student's Eating Behaviour: A Theory-Informed Approach. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112793. [PMID: 31731796 PMCID: PMC6893594 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to extend behavioural theory and segmentation application. Specifically, this paper draws on three segmentation bases and behavioural theory that extends focus beyond individual psychological predispositions to form segments within the healthy eating context for young adult university students (20–35 years) in Queensland, Australia. Participants were invited to take part in an online survey via email and through face to face intercept to ensure a diverse cross section was obtained. Structural equation modelling revealed that the Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) framework can be utilised to explain healthful eating behaviour and two-step cluster analysis uncovered two distinct segments with education, motivation to eat healthily and Turconi’s eating behaviour scores being the most important variables within the wider multivariate segment formation. This paper contributes to literature in the following ways. First, it confirms the importance of behavioural bases in segment formation and supports inclusion of other bases, namely demographics and psychographics. Next, it provides evidence of the value of including behavioural theory, which extends focus beyond what individuals think to understand how the environment may support them. Finally, this paper demonstrates that the MOA framework together with eating behaviour and demographic factors (education) can produce theoretically informed segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kitunen
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.R.-T.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-737-357-673
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.R.-T.); (J.C.)
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.R.-T.); (J.C.)
- Food and Nutrition, Land Division, Defence Science and Technology, Scottsdale, TAS 7260, Australia
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Whatnall M, Patterson A, Hutchesson M. A Brief Web-Based Nutrition Intervention for Young Adult University Students: Development and Evaluation Protocol Using the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11992. [PMID: 30920382 PMCID: PMC6458536 DOI: 10.2196/11992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adults are a priority population for nutrition interventions because of the high prevalence of unhealthy eating behaviors, high risk of weight gain, and the importance of this life stage for developing lifelong eating behaviors. Innovative intervention strategies are needed to reach and engage young adults, whereas more detailed reporting of intervention development and testing would facilitate progress in this challenging research area. Objective This paper describes the development of the EATS (Eating Advice To Students) intervention, a targeted, brief Web-based nutrition intervention for young adult (17 to 35 years) university students, and describes the pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess intervention feasibility. Methods EATS was developed using the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. The development involved a cross-sectional survey of university students’ eating behaviors and determinants, a systematic review of brief nutrition interventions, and consultation with a project steering committee. EATS was developed as a website with 4 components: (1) brief screening quiz with personalized feedback, (2) provision of information, tips, and strategies for each target eating behavior (consumption of vegetables, fruit, discretionary foods, and breakfast) and 2 guided exercises to facilitate behavior change, (3) goal setting, and (4) creating strategies. A pilot RCT with students from the University of Newcastle, Australia, was conducted from February to July 2018. The students were randomized to EATS or a brief Web-based alcohol intervention (attention control). The process evaluation included intervention acceptability (Web-based survey postintervention completion) and objective usage data (collected in real time). Efficacy data (Web-based survey at baseline and 3 months) included diet quality, consumption of target food groups (eg, fruits and vegetables), alcohol intake, self-efficacy to perform target eating behaviors, and well-being. Results Collection of the 3-month follow-up data was completed in July 2018. Conclusions EATS presents an innovative solution to many of the difficulties faced in targeting young adults to improve their eating behaviors. Given the strong methodological approach undertaken, this study provides a significant contribution to advance this research area. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618000118202; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=374365&isReview=true (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/765o5fVwa) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11992
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Amanda Patterson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Melinda Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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'Buying Salad Is a Lot More Expensive than Going to McDonalds': Young Adults' Views about What Influences Their Food Choices. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080996. [PMID: 30061513 PMCID: PMC6116192 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults (18⁻30 years of age) are an 'at-risk' group for poor dietary behaviours and less healthy food choices. Previous research with young adults has looked at the barriers and enablers driving their food choices, focusing primarily on university and college students. However, there is less research using qualitative methods with young adults as a broader population group. This study aimed to explore the experiences of young adults in two different yet similar settings: Sydney, Australia and Glasgow, Scotland. Eight focus groups of young adult participants, ranging in size from 2⁻6 participants, were held in Sydney, Australia (n = 14) and Glasgow, Scotland (n = 16) to discuss, explore and compare the determinants and influences of their food choices. Focus group transcripts were coded thematically based on a process of narrative analysis. Three major narratives were identified across both locations: value of food; appeal of food; and emotional connections with food. These narratives were underpinned by a broader narrative of 'performing adulthood.' This narrative reflected a belief amongst participants that they should make rational, informed choices about food despite this conflicting with their broader food environment. Future research could examine which environment-level or policy-based interventions are most acceptable to young adults in terms of influencing their food choices and dietary behaviours.
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15
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Nour M, Cheng ZGY, Farrow JL, Allman-Farinelli M. Short Videos Addressing Barriers to Cooking with Vegetables in Young Adults: Pilot Testing. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:724-730. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1466738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Nour
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zilvia G. Y. Cheng
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica Lucy Farrow
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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16
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Hutchesson MJ, Callister R, Morgan PJ, Pranata I, Clarke ED, Skinner G, Ashton LM, Whatnall MC, Jones M, Oldmeadow C, Collins CE. A Targeted and Tailored eHealth Weight Loss Program for Young Women: The Be Positive Be Health e Randomized Controlled Trial. Healthcare (Basel) 2018; 6:healthcare6020039. [PMID: 29724054 PMCID: PMC6023329 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare6020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Young women are gaining weight rapidly. Evidence for effective weight loss interventions targeting young women is lacking. This randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy and acceptability of a six-month targeted and tailored eHealth weight loss program for young women (Be Positive Be Healthe (BPBH)). Women aged 18–35 years were randomized to BPBH (n = 29) or control (n = 28). BPBH supported participants to modify diet and physical activity behaviours using evidenced-based strategies (e.g., self-monitoring) tailored for young women and delivered using e-health (website, social media, smartphone application, email, text messages). The primary outcome was a change in weight (kg) at six months. Acceptability was assessed via a process evaluation survey and usage of intervention components. No significant between-group differences were observed for weight, with significant mean differences favouring the intervention group observed for body fat (kg) (−3.10 (−5.69, 0.52), p = 0.019) and intakes of alcohol (g) (−0.69 (−1.33, 0.04), p = 0.037), vegetables (% energy/day) (4.71 (−2.20, 7.22), p < 0.001) and energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods (% energy/day) (−9.23 (−16.94, 1.52), p = 0.018). Retention, intervention usage and satisfaction were moderate. BPBH facilitated positive improvements in body fat and dietary intake, but not weight. Intervention acceptability findings support the use of some intervention components (e.g., Facebook, Smartphone app) with young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda J Hutchesson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Robin Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Philip J Morgan
- School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Ilung Pranata
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Geoff Skinner
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Lee M Ashton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Megan C Whatnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
| | - Mark Jones
- Clinical Research Design and Statistics Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia.
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Clinical Research Design and Statistics Support Unit, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia.
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
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Hayba N, Partridge SR, Nour MM, Grech A, Allman Farinelli M. Effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for preventing harmful weight gain among young adults from lower socioeconomic status and ethnically diverse backgrounds: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2018; 19:333-346. [PMID: 29178423 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of overweight and obesity are increasing with each successive generation of young adults. Associated co-morbidities will emerge at an earlier age unless weight gain is prevented. Evidence has demonstrated young adults (aged 18-35 years) from low socioeconomic and ethnically diverse backgrounds are at greater risk of overweight or obesity, yet it is unclear how to effectively intervene in this population. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions conducted in this population. Thirty studies reporting on lifestyle interventions for prevention of weight gain were identified from eight electronic databases searched. Six interventions included subgroup analyses to determine if ethnicity moderated weight change, and two included subgroup analyses to determine if socioeconomic status had an effect on change in weight. Five of these six studies were effective in preventing weight gain, and subgroup analyses showed no differences in effect by ethnicity. Of these five studies, two included a subgroup analysis that showed socioeconomic status to have no effect on weight outcome. Despite the promising results from these five lifestyle interventions utilizing online and mobile components to effectively reach and prevent weight gain in this priority population, the evidence base of high quality trials is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hayba
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S R Partridge
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M M Nour
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Grech
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Allman Farinelli
- Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Melaku YA, Appleton SL, Gill TK, Ogbo FA, Buckley E, Shi Z, Driscoll T, Adams R, Cowie BC, Fitzmaurice C. Incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and risk factors of cancer in Australia and comparison with OECD countries, 1990–2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Cancer Epidemiol 2018; 52:43-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Social Determinants and Poor Diet Quality of Energy-Dense Diets of Australian Young Adults. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:healthcare5040070. [PMID: 28974029 PMCID: PMC5746704 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to determine the diet quality and socio-demographic determinants by level of energy-density of diets of Australian young adults. Secondary analysis of the Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey-2011/2012 for adults aged 18–34 years (n = 2397) was conducted. Diet was assessed by 24-h recalls. Dietary energy-density was calculated as dietary energy/grams of food (kJ/g) and the Healthy-Eating-Index-for-Australians (HEIFA-2013) was used to assess diet quality (highest score = 100). Dietary energy-density was examined with respect to diet quality and sociodemographic determinants including gender, highest tertiary-education attainment, country-of-birth, age, income, and socio-economic-index-for-area (SEIFA). Higher dietary energy-density was associated with lower diet quality scores (β = −3.71, t (2394) = −29.29, p < 0.0001) and included fewer fruits and vegetables, and more discretionary foods. The mean dietary energy-density was 7.7 kJ/g and 7.2 kJ/g for men and women, respectively. Subpopulations most at risk of consuming high energy-dense diets included those with lower education, Australian and English-speaking countries of birth, and men with low income and women from areas of lower socio-economic status. Young adults reporting low energy-dense diets had higher quality diets. Intensive efforts are needed to reduce the high energy-density of young adults’ diets, and should ensure they include populations of lower socio-economic status.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine intakes and variety of fruit and vegetables consumed by Australian young adults, also assessing differences by meal occasion and sociodemographic characteristics. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional 24 h recall data collected through the 2011-12 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Crude means and proportions consuming fruits and vegetables were calculated. Pearson χ 2 tests, Kruskal-Wallis analyses and linear regression models were used to assess differences in mean intakes by age, BMI and sociodemographic variables. The variety eaten was determined based on the number of fruit and vegetable subgroups consumed. SETTING Representative sample of metropolitan and rural areas across Australia. SUBJECTS Respondents aged 18-34 years were included (n 2397). RESULTS Mean daily intake of fruit (128 g/0·9 servings) and vegetables (205 g/2·7 servings) was lower than the minimum recommended intake set at 2 and 5 servings, respectively. Age was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (P=0·002, P<0·001), with 18-24-year-olds reporting the poorest vegetable variety compared with 25-29- and 30-34-year-olds (P=0·002). When controlling for total energy, males consumed less vegetables than females (P=0·002). A large proportion of the 15 % of respondents who consumed adequate amounts of fruits and vegetables on the day prior to the survey reported intake across all meal occasions (P<0·001). CONCLUSIONS Fruit and vegetable intake is suboptimal among Australian young adults. An age-appropriate campaign is recommended to target increased consumption, particularly for those aged 18-24 years, with opportunity to promote increased variety and consumption across the day.
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Tam R, Yassa B, Parker H, O'Connor H, Allman-Farinelli M. University students' on-campus food purchasing behaviors, preferences, and opinions on food availability. Nutrition 2017; 37:7-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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