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Rioja J, Ariza MJ, Benítez-Toledo MJ, Espíldora-Hernández J, Coca-Prieto I, Arrobas-Velilla T, Camacho A, Olivecrona G, Sánchez-Chaparro MÁ, Valdivielso P. Role of lipoprotein lipase activity measurement in the diagnosis of familial chylomicronemia syndrome. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:272-280. [PMID: 36813655 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity assays for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are not standardised for use in clinical settings. OBJECTIVE This study sought to define and validate a cut-off points based on a ROC curve for the diagnosis of patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). We also evaluated the role of LPL activity in a comprehensive FCS diagnostic workflow. METHODS A derivation cohort (including an FCS group (n = 9), a multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) group (n = 11)), and an external validation cohort (including an FCS group (n = 5), a MCS group (n = 23) and a normo-triglyceridemic (NTG) group (n = 14)), were studied. FCS patients were previously diagnosed by the presence of biallelic pathogenic genetic variants in the LPL and GPIHBP1 genes. LPL activity was also measured. Clinical and anthropometric data were recorded, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured. Sensitivity, specificity and cut-offs for LPL activity were obtained from a ROC curve and externally validated. RESULTS All post-heparin plasma LPL activity in the FCS patients were below 25.1 mU/mL, that was cut-off with best performance. There was no overlap in the LPL activity distributions between the FCS and MCS groups, conversely to the FCS and NTG groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that, in addition to genetic testing, LPL activity in subjects with severe hypertriglyceridemia is a reliable criterium in the diagnosis of FCS when using a cut-off of 25.1 mU/mL (25% of the mean LPL activity in the validation MCS group). We do not recommend the NTG patient based cut-off values due to low sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Rioja
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Drs Rioja, Ariza, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
| | - María José Ariza
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Drs Rioja, Ariza, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso).
| | - María José Benítez-Toledo
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (Drs Benítez-Toledo, Espíldora-Hernández, Coca-Prieto, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
| | - Javier Espíldora-Hernández
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (Drs Benítez-Toledo, Espíldora-Hernández, Coca-Prieto, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
| | - Inmaculada Coca-Prieto
- Lipid Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (Drs Benítez-Toledo, Espíldora-Hernández, Coca-Prieto, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
| | | | - Ana Camacho
- Unidad de Riesgo Vascular. Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, Spain (Dr Camacho)
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (Dr Olivecrona)
| | - Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Chaparro
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Drs Rioja, Ariza, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso); Lipid Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (Drs Benítez-Toledo, Espíldora-Hernández, Coca-Prieto, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, Centro de Investigaciones Médico Sanitarias (CIMES), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain (Drs Rioja, Ariza, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso); Lipid Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain (Drs Benítez-Toledo, Espíldora-Hernández, Coca-Prieto, Sánchez-Chaparro and Valdivielso)
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Izar MCDO, Santos Filho RDD, Assad MHV, Chagas ACP, Toledo Júnior ADO, Nogueira ACC, Souto ACCF, Lottenberg AMP, Chacra APM, Ferreira CEDS, Lourenço CM, Valerio CM, Cintra DE, Fonseca FAH, Campana GA, Bianco HT, Lima JGD, Castelo MHCG, Scartezini M, Moretti MA, Barreto NSF, Maia RE, Montenegro Junior RM, Alves RJ, Figueiredo RMM, Fock RA, Martinez TLDR. Brazilian Position Statement for Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol 2023; 120:e20230203. [PMID: 37075362 PMCID: PMC10348387 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20230203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Maria Pitta Lottenberg
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM 10) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Ana Paula Marte Chacra
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Cynthia Melissa Valerio
- Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione (IEDE-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - Josivan Gomes de Lima
- Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN - Brasil
| | | | | | - Miguel Antonio Moretti
- Instituto do Coração (Incor) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | | | | | - Renan Magalhães Montenegro Junior
- Complexo Hospitalar da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFCE), Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares (EBSERH), Fortaleza, CE - Brasil
| | - Renato Jorge Alves
- Hospital Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
| | - Roberta Marcondes Machado Figueiredo
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein (HIAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Oldham D, Wang H, Mullen J, Lietzke E, Sprenger K, Reigan P, Eckel RH, Bruce KD. Using Synthetic ApoC-II Peptides and nAngptl4 Fragments to Measure Lipoprotein Lipase Activity in Radiometric and Fluorescent Assays. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:926631. [PMID: 35911520 PMCID: PMC9329559 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.926631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a crucial role in preventing dyslipidemia by hydrolyzing triglycerides (TGs) in packaged lipoproteins. Since hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death worldwide, methods that accurately quantify the hydrolytic activity of LPL in clinical and pre-clinical samples are much needed. To date, the methods used to determine LPL activity vary considerably in their approach, in the LPL substrates used, and in the source of LPL activators and inhibitors used to quantify LPL-specific activity, rather than other lipases, e.g., hepatic lipase (HL) or endothelial lipase (EL) activity. Here, we describe methods recently optimized in our laboratory, using a synthetic ApoC-II peptide to activate LPL, and an n-terminal Angiopoietin-Like 4 fragment (nAngptl4) to inhibit LPL, presenting a cost-effective and reproducible method to measure LPL activity in human post-heparin plasma (PHP) and in LPL-enriched heparin released (HR) fractions from LPL secreting cells. We also describe a modified version of the triolein-based assay using human serum as a source of endogenous activators and inhibitors and to determine the relative abundance of circulating factors that regulate LPL activity. Finally, we describe how an ApoC-II peptide and nAngptl4 can be applied to high-throughput measurements of LPL activity using the EnzChek™ fluorescent TG analog substrate with PHP, bovine LPL, and HR LPL enriched fractions. In summary, this manuscript assesses the current methods of measuring LPL activity and makes new recommendations for measuring LPL-mediated hydrolysis in pre-clinical and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Oldham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Juliet Mullen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Emma Lietzke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kayla Sprenger
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Philip Reigan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Robert H. Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kimberley D. Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Kimberley D. Bruce,
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Lim SY, Xenoulis PG, Stavroulaki EM, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Carrière F, Steiner JM. The 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase assay in cats and dogs is not specific for pancreatic lipase. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:607-613. [PMID: 33111388 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of pancreatic lipase is important for the diagnosis of feline and canine pancreatitis. Recent studies have claimed that lipase assays using the 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) as a substrate are more specific for measuring pancreatic lipase than traditional lipase assays. However, the analytical specificity of this assay for pancreatic lipase has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine whether hepatic and/or lipoprotein lipases can interfere with the DGGR-based assay results in cats and dogs. We, therefore, compared plasma lipase activities measured using DGGR-based and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) assays before and after administering heparin, known to cause the release of hepatic and lipoprotein lipases, in cats and dogs. METHODS Heparin was administered in six cats and six dogs. Blood was collected at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after heparin administration. Lipase activity was measured using a DGGR-based assay, and PLI concentrations were measured using the Spec fPL and cPL assays for cats and dogs, respectively. RESULTS Plasma lipase activities, as measured using the DGGR-based assay, increased significantly 10 minutes after heparin administration in both cats (P = .003) and dogs (P = .006) and returned to baseline by 120 minutes. In contrast, PLI concentrations showed no significant changes after heparin administration. CONCLUSIONS DGGR is not only hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase but also by hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase, or both, in cats and dogs. Since these extrapancreatic lipases are also naturally present in cats and dogs, they could contribute to the lack of analytical specificity for the DGGR-based assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Yee Lim
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - Jonathan A Lidbury
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Frédéric Carrière
- Bioenergetics and Engineering of Proteins Lab, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7281, Marseille, France
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Matsunaga A, Nagashima M, Yamagishi H, Saku K. Variants of Lipid-Related Genes in Adult Japanese Patients with Severe Hypertriglyceridemia. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1264-1277. [PMID: 32115487 PMCID: PMC7840158 DOI: 10.5551/jat.51540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hypertriglyceridemia is a type of dyslipidemia that contributes to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Variants in lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apolipoprotein CII (APOC2), apolipoprotein AV (APOA5), glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1), and glucokinase regulator (GCKR) are responsible for hypertriglyceridemia. We investigated the molecular basis of severe hypertriglyceridemia in adult patients referred to the Clinical Laboratory at Fukuoka University Hospital. Methods: Twenty-three adult patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia (> 1,000 mg/dL, 11.29 mmol/L) were selected. The coding regions of candidate genes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Forty-nine genes reportedly associated with hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed. Results: In the 23 patients, we detected 70 variants: 28 rare and 42 common ones. Among the 28 rare variants with < 1% allele frequency, p.I4533L in APOB, p.M490I in MLXIPL, p.L152M in NCAN, and p.S264T in TIMD4 were novel. We did not observe single gene homozygous or compound heterozygous disease-causing rare variants in any of the 23 hypertriglyceridemia cases. However, in silico algorithms and previous reports indicated that five rare variants, APOA5 (p.T184S), GCKR (c.354 + 1G>A), LMF1 (p.G410R), and LRP1 (p.G813R; p.R2173Q), and seven common variants, APOA5 (pG185C), APOE (p.C130R; p.E262K/p.E263K), GCKR (p.V103M), GPIHBP1 (p.C14F), LRP1 (p.Y4054F), and MLXIPL (p.Q241H), can cause hypertriglyceridemia. However, all five disease-causing rare variants detected in this study were heterozygous. Conclusions: The prevalence of disease-causing rare variants in candidate genes in severe hypertriglyceridemia patients was low. The major causes of severe hypertriglyceridemia were not single gene abnormalities, but involved multiple gene variations and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsunaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Nagashima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Hideko Yamagishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
| | - Keijiro Saku
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine
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Carpentier AC. Hypertriglyceridemia Associated With Abdominal Obesity: Getting Contributing Factors Into Perspective. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:2076-8. [PMID: 26399918 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- From the Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Turlo K, Leung CS, Seo JJ, Goulbourne CN, Adeyo O, Gin P, Voss C, Bensadoun A, Fong LG, Young SG, Beigneux AP. Equivalent binding of wild-type lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1, the endothelial cell LPL transporter. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2014; 1841:963-9. [PMID: 24704550 PMCID: PMC4212522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The S447X polymorphism in lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which shortens LPL by two amino acids, is associated with low plasma triglyceride levels and reduced risk for coronary heart disease. S447X carriers have higher LPL levels in the pre- and post-heparin plasma, raising the possibility that the S447X polymorphism leads to higher LPL levels within capillaries. One potential explanation for increased amounts of LPL in capillaries would be more avid binding of S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 (the protein that binds LPL dimers and shuttles them to the capillary lumen). This explanation seems plausible because sequences within the carboxyl terminus of LPL are known to mediate LPL binding to GPIHBP1. To assess the impact of the S447X polymorphism on LPL binding to GPIHBP1, we compared the ability of internally tagged versions of wild-type LPL (WT-LPL) and S447X-LPL to bind to GPIHBP1 in both cell-based and cell-free binding assays. In the cell-based assay, we compared the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 on the surface of cultured cells. This assay revealed no differences in the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1. In the cell-free assay, we compared the binding of internally tagged WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to soluble GPIHBP1 immobilized on agarose beads. Again, no differences in the binding of WT-LPL and S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 were observed. We conclude that increased binding of S447X-LPL to GPIHBP1 is unlikely to be the explanation for more efficient lipolysis and lower plasma triglyceride levels in S447X carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Turlo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Calvin S Leung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Jane J Seo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Oludotun Adeyo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Peter Gin
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Constance Voss
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - André Bensadoun
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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Bensadoun A, Mottler CD, Pelletier C, Wu D, Seo JJ, Leung CS, Adeyo O, Goulbourne CN, Gin P, Fong LG, Young SG, Beigneux AP. A new monoclonal antibody, 4-1a, that binds to the amino terminus of human lipoprotein lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:970-6. [PMID: 24681165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) has been highly conserved through vertebrate evolution, making it challenging to generate useful antibodies. Some polyclonal antibodies against LPL have turned out to be nonspecific, and the available monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against LPL, all of which bind to LPL's carboxyl terminus, have drawbacks for some purposes. We report a new LPL-specific monoclonal antibody, Mab 4-1a, which binds to the amino terminus of LPL (residues 5-25). Mab 4-1a binds human and bovine LPL avidly; it does not inhibit LPL catalytic activity nor does it interfere with the binding of LPL to heparin. Mab 4-1a does not bind to human hepatic lipase. Mab 4-1a binds to GPIHBP1-bound LPL and does not interfere with the ability of the LPL-GPIHBP1 complex to bind triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Mab 4-1a will be a useful reagent for both biochemists and clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bensadoun
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Charlene D Mottler
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris Pelletier
- Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Daniel Wu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jane J Seo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Calvin S Leung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oludotun Adeyo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Chris N Goulbourne
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Gin
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Ayyappa KA, Ghosh S, Mohan V, Radha V. Association of hepatic lipase gene polymorphisms with hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels among South Indian subjects without diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:503-12. [PMID: 23550552 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association of four variants of the hepatic lipase (HL [or LIPC]) gene with various lipid parameters among South Indian subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). SUBJECTS AND METHODS In total, 747 NGT subjects were randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). Serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured using a Hitachi-912 autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Genotyping of HL gene variants was done by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, and 20% of samples were sequenced to validate the genotypes obtained. Haplotype analysis was also carried out. RESULTS The TT genotype of the rs1800588 C/T (C-480T) polymorphism was significantly associated with hypertriglyceridemia, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.58 (95% confidence interval 1.38-4.85, P=0.003), whereas those with the CC genotype of the rs6074 A/C (Thr479Thr) had significantly lower HDL-C levels (41.3±9.8 mg/dL) compared with the AA genotype (43.6±10.2 mg/dL, P=0.02). Haplotype analysis showed the TGC haplotype was significantly associated with low HDL-C levels. CONCLUSIONS Among South Indian subjects without diabetes, the rs1800588 C/T (C-480T) and rs6074 C/A (Thr479Thr) variants of the HL gene are associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C, respectively. The TGC haplotype was significantly associated with low HDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppuswamy Ashok Ayyappa
- Madras Diabetes Research Foundation-ICMR Advanced Centre for Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes and Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, IDF Centre for Education, Gopalapuram, Chennai, India
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Surendran RP, Visser ME, Heemelaar S, Wang J, Peter J, Defesche JC, Kuivenhoven JA, Hosseini M, Péterfy M, Kastelein JJP, Johansen CT, Hegele RA, Stroes ESG, Dallinga-Thie GM. Mutations in LPL, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1 and LMF1 in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia. J Intern Med 2012; 272:185-96. [PMID: 22239554 PMCID: PMC3940136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The severe forms of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) are caused by mutations in genes that lead to the loss of function of lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In most patients with severe HTG (TG > 10 mmol L(-1) ), it is a challenge to define the underlying cause. We investigated the molecular basis of severe HTG in patients referred to the Lipid Clinic at the Academic Medical Center Amsterdam. METHODS The coding regions of LPL, APOC2, APOA5 and two novel genes, lipase maturation factor 1 (LMF1) and GPI-anchored high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), were sequenced in 86 patients with type 1 and type 5 HTG and 327 controls. RESULTS In 46 patients (54%), rare DNA sequence variants were identified, comprising variants in LPL (n = 19), APOC2 (n = 1), APOA5 (n = 2), GPIHBP1 (n = 3) and LMF1 (n = 8). In 22 patients (26%), only common variants in LPL (p.Asp36Asn, p.Asn318Ser and p.Ser474Ter) and APOA5 (p.Ser19Trp) could be identified, whereas no mutations were found in 18 patients (21%). In vitro validation revealed that the mutations in LMF1 were not associated with compromised LPL function. Consistent with this, five of the eight LMF1 variants were also found in controls and therefore cannot account for the observed phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mutations in LPL was 34% and mostly restricted to patients with type 1 HTG. Mutations in GPIHBP1 (n = 3), APOC2 (n = 1) and APOA5 (n = 2) were rare but the associated clinical phenotype was severe. Routine sequencing of candidate genes in severe HTG has improved our understanding of the molecular basis of this phenotype associated with acute pancreatitis and may help to guide future individualized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Surendran
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Karalis IK, Bergheanu SC, Wolterbeek R, Dallinga-Thie GM, Hattori H, van Tol A, Liem AH, Wouter Jukema J. Effect of increasing doses of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin on apolipoproteins, enzymes and lipid transfer proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism and inflammatory parameters. Curr Med Res Opin 2010; 26:2301-13. [PMID: 20731529 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2010.509264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This paper contains detailed results of a sub-population of the prospective randomized RADAR (Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin in different Dosages And Reverse cholesterol transport) study. OBJECTIVE Statin treatment results in substantially decreased incidence of cardiovascular events but the exact pathophysiological mechanism of their beneficial effect is yet unclear. We aimed to examine the effects of up-titrated doses of two widely used statins (atorvastatin (ATOR) and rosuvastatin (ROSU)) on parameters involved in lipoprotein metabolism, in patients with low high density lipoprotein cholesterol values (HDL-C). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this RADAR substudy, 80 patients, aged 40-80 years, with known cardiovascular disease and low HDL-C (<1.0 mmol/l), were randomized to receive, after an initial 6 week dietary run-in phase, either ATOR 20 mg (n = 41) or ROSU 10 mg (n = 39). The doses were up-titrated (in 6 week intervals) to 80 mg of ATOR or 40 mg of ROSU at 12 weeks. Serum lipoproteins and lipoprotein metabolism parameters were measured at baseline and at 6 and 18 weeks of follow up. RESULTS Both statins significantly reduced total cholesterol (TChol) and non-HDL-C values with ROSU being more effective for the doses studied (p < 0.05). No statistically significant effect on HDL-C was observed for either statin. Apolipoproteins (apo) B, CI, CIII, AV and E were significantly reduced in both groups (p < 0.05), while the ratio of HDL particles containing both apoAI and apoAII (LpAI-AII) over HDL containing apoAI alone (LpAI) was changed for both statins with the decrease of LpAI being more prominent in the ATOR group (p = 0.028). Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) mass and activity, phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) activity and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) mass and activity were all significantly reduced in both treatment groups over the follow-up period (p < 0.001). ATOR displayed a more prominent decrease of PLTP activity compared to ROSU (p = 0.043), while ROSU displayed a more prominent decrease of Lp-PLA2 activity compared to ATOR (p = 0.04). Both statins effectively reduced, in a dose-dependent way, high sensitivity C-reactive protein values over time, while no effect on the levels of circulating inter cellular adhesion molecule 1 (cICAM-1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS The effects of statin treatment extend further and beyond a mere TChol and LDL cholesterol reduction, as demonstrated by the aforementioned alterations of lipoproteins, enzymes and lipid transfer proteins involved in lipoprotein metabolism and pro-atherogenic and inflammatory molecules. ROSU and ATOR displayed a similar pattern of effect on lipid metabolism with discrete differences in the magnitude of this effect in certain variables. Despite the limitations of small population size and lack of clinical end points, reported data provide an insight for the possible pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in the effect of increasing dosages of different statin treatments.
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