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Al-Nuaimi DA, Rütsche D, Abukar A, Hiebert P, Zanetti D, Cesarovic N, Falk V, Werner S, Mazza E, Giampietro C. Hydrostatic pressure drives sprouting angiogenesis via adherens junction remodelling and YAP signalling. Commun Biol 2024; 7:940. [PMID: 39097636 PMCID: PMC11297954 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell physiology is governed by its unique microenvironment at the interface between blood and tissue. A major contributor to the endothelial biophysical environment is blood hydrostatic pressure, which in mechanical terms applies isotropic compressive stress on the cells. While other mechanical factors, such as shear stress and circumferential stretch, have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of hydrostatic pressure in the regulation of endothelial cell behavior. Here we show that hydrostatic pressure triggers partial and transient endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in endothelial monolayers of different vascular beds. Values mimicking microvascular pressure environments promote proliferative and migratory behavior and impair barrier properties that are characteristic of a mesenchymal transition, resulting in increased sprouting angiogenesis in 3D organotypic model systems ex vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, this response is linked to differential cadherin expression at the adherens junctions, and to an increased YAP expression, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity prevents pressure-induced sprouting angiogenesis. Together, this work establishes hydrostatic pressure as a key modulator of endothelial homeostasis and as a crucial component of the endothelial mechanical niche.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Rütsche
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Asra Abukar
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hiebert
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Dominik Zanetti
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, German Heart Center Berlin, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- ETH Zürich, DMAVT, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Experimental Continuum Mechanics, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland.
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Wei F, Hughes M, Omer M, Ngo C, Pugazhendhi AS, Kolanthai E, Aceto M, Ghattas Y, Razavi M, Kean TJ, Seal S, Coathup M. A Multifunctional Therapeutic Strategy Using P7C3 as A Countermeasure Against Bone Loss and Fragility in An Ovariectomized Rat Model of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308698. [PMID: 38477537 PMCID: PMC11151083 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
By 2060, an estimated one in four Americans will be elderly. Consequently, the prevalence of osteoporosis and fragility fractures will also increase. Presently, no available intervention definitively prevents or manages osteoporosis. This study explores whether Pool 7 Compound 3 (P7C3) reduces progressive bone loss and fragility following the onset of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis. Results confirm OVX-induced weakened, osteoporotic bone together with a significant gain in adipogenic body weight. Treatment with P7C3 significantly reduced osteoclastic activity, bone marrow adiposity, whole-body weight gain, and preserved bone area, architecture, and mechanical strength. Analyses reveal significantly upregulated platelet derived growth factor-BB and leukemia inhibitory factor, with downregulation of interleukin-1 R6, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK). Together, proteomic data suggest the targeting of several key regulators of inflammation, bone, and adipose turnover, via transforming growth factor-beta/SMAD, and Wingless-related integration site/be-catenin signaling pathways. To the best of the knowledge, this is first evidence of an intervention that drives against bone loss via RANK. Metatranscriptomic analyses of the gut microbiota show P7C3 increased Porphyromonadaceae bacterium, Candidatus Melainabacteria, and Ruminococcaceae bacterium abundance, potentially contributing to the favorable inflammatory, and adipo-osteogenic metabolic regulation observed. The results reveal an undiscovered, and multifunctional therapeutic strategy to prevent the pathological progression of OVX-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
| | - Megan Hughes
- School of BiosciencesCardiff UniversityWalesCF10 3ATUK
| | - Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | | | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Matthew Aceto
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Yasmine Ghattas
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Mehdi Razavi
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Thomas J Kean
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC)University of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix ClusterUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL82816USA
- College of MedicineUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFL32827USA
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Chikh A, Raimondi C. Endothelial Neuropilin-1: a multifaced signal transducer with an emerging role in inflammation and atherosclerosis beyond angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:137-150. [PMID: 38323651 PMCID: PMC10903451 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by several cell types including, neurons, endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocytes and immune cells comprising macrophages, dendritic cells and T cell subsets. Since NRP1 discovery in 1987 as an adhesion molecule in the frog nervous system, more than 2300 publications on PubMed investigated the function of NRP1 in physiological and pathological contexts. NRP1 has been characterised as a coreceptor for class 3 semaphorins and several members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Because the VEGF family is the main regulator of blood and lymphatic vessel growth in addition to promoting neurogenesis, neuronal patterning, neuroprotection and glial growth, the role of NRP1 in these biological processes has been extensively investigated. It is now established that NRP1 promotes the physiological growth of new vessels from pre-existing ones in the process of angiogenesis. Furthermore, several studies have shown that NRP1 mediates signalling pathways regulating pathological vascular growth in ocular neovascular diseases and tumour development. Less defined are the roles of NRP1 in maintaining the function of the quiescent established vasculature in an adult organism. This review will focus on the opposite roles of NRP1 in regulating transforming growth factor β signalling pathways in different cell types, and on the emerging role of endothelial NRP1 as an atheroprotective, anti-inflammatory factor involved in the response of ECs to shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Chikh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, U.K
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4
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Thielen NGM, van Caam APM, V Beuningen HM, Vitters EL, van den Bosch MHJ, Koenders MI, van de Loo FAJ, Blaney Davidson EN, van der Kraan PM. Separating friend from foe: Inhibition of TGF-β-induced detrimental SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation while maintaining protective SMAD2/3 signaling in OA chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1481-1490. [PMID: 37652257 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling via SMAD2/3 is crucial to control cartilage homeostasis. However, TGF-β can also have detrimental effects by signaling via SMAD1/5/9 and thereby contribute to diseases like osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, we aimed to block TGF-β-induced SMAD1/5/9 signaling in primary human OA chondrocytes, while maintaining functional SMAD2/3 signaling. DESIGN Human OA chondrocytes were pre-incubated with different concentrations of ALK4/5/7 kinase inhibitor SB-505124 before stimulation with TGF-β. Changes in SMAD C-terminal phosphorylation were analyzed using Western blot and response genes were measured with quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction. To further explore the consequences of our ability to separate pathways, we investigated TGF-β-induced chondrocyte hypertrophy. RESULTS Pre-incubation with 0.5 µM SB-505124, maintained ±50% of C-terminal SMAD2/3 phosphorylation and induction of JUNB and SERPINE1, but blocked SMAD1/5/9-C phosphorylation and expression of ID1 and ID3. Furthermore, TGF-β, in levels comparable to those in the synovial fluid of OA patients, resulted in regulation of hypertrophic and dedifferentiation markers in OA chondrocytes; i.e. an increase in COL10, RUNX2, COL1A1, and VEGF and a decrease in ACAN expression. Interestingly, in a subgroup of OA chondrocyte donors, blocking only SMAD1/5/9 caused stronger inhibition on TGF-β-induced RUNX2 than blocking both SMAD pathways. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that using low dose of SB-505124 we maintained functional SMAD2/3 signaling that blocks RUNX2 expression in a subgroup of OA patients. We are the first to show that SMAD2/3 and SMAD1/5/9 pathways can be separately modulated using low and high doses of SB-505124 and thereby split TGF-β's detrimental from protective function in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie G M Thielen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan P M van Caam
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M V Beuningen
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elly L Vitters
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn H J van den Bosch
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fons A J van de Loo
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esmeralda N Blaney Davidson
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Department of Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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Li MY, Gao RP, Zhu Q, Chen Y, Tao BB, Zhu YC. Skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 starting up angiogenesis by regulating endothelial junction via activating Src pathway can be upregulated by hydrogen sulfide. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1252-C1266. [PMID: 37694287 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00219.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) promotes microangiogenesis and revascularization after ischemia. Neovascularization starts with the destruction of intercellular junctions and is accompanied by various endothelial cell angiogenic behaviors. Follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is a cardiovascular-protective myokine that works against ischemic injury. The present study examined whether FSTL1 was involved in H2S-induced angiogenesis and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. We observed that H2S accelerated blood perfusion after ischemia in the mouse hindlimb ischemia model. Western blot analysis showed that H2S stabilized FSTL1 transcript and increased FSTL1 and Human antigen R (HuR) levels in skeletal muscle. RNA-interference HuR significantly inhibited the H2S-promoted increase in FSTL1 levels. Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the wound-healing migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and increased monolayer endothelial barrier permeability. Immunostaining showed that FSTL1 increased interendothelial gap formation and decreased VE-Cadherin, Occludin, Connexin-43, and Claudin-5 expression. In addition, FSTL1 significantly increased the phosphorylation of Src and VEGFR2. However, the Src inhibitor, not the VEGFR2 inhibitor, could block FSTL1-induced effects in angiogenesis. In conclusion, we demonstrated that H2S could upregulate the expression of FSTL1 by increasing the HuR levels in skeletal muscle, and paracrine FSTL1 could initiate angiogenesis by opening intercellular junctions via the Src signaling pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The myocyte-derived paracrine protein FSTL1 acts on vascular endothelial cells and initiates the process of angiogenesis by opening the intercellular junction via activating Src kinase. H2S can significantly upregulate FSTL1 protein levels in skeletal muscles by increasing HuR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Pan Gao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Chun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Licciardello M, Sgarminato V, Ciardelli G, Tonda-Turo C. Development of biomimetic co-culture and tri-culture models to mimic the complex structure of the alveolar-capillary barrier. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213620. [PMID: 37690344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Alveoli are the functional area of respiratory system where the gaseous exchanges take place at level of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The development of safe and effective therapeutic approaches for treating lung disease is currently limited due to the lack of realistic preclinical models for their testing and validation. In this work, tissue engineering approaches were exploited to develop a biomimetic platform that provide an appropriate mimicking of the extracellular environment and the multicellular architecture of human alveoli. Here, we propose the implementation of two biomimetic in vitro models to reproduce the features of the main anatomic portions of the physiological alveolar-capillary barrier. First, a co-culture barrier model was obtained by integrating an electrospun polycaprolactone-gelatin (PCL-Gel) membrane in a modified transwell insert (PCL-Gel TW) to mimic the alveolar basement membrane (coded as thin model). Alveolar epithelial (A549) and lung microvascular endothelial (HULEC-5a) cells were cultured on the apical and basolateral side of the PCL-Gel membrane, respectively, under physiologic air-liquid interface (ALI) conditions for 7 days. The ALI condition promoted the expression of type I and type II alveolar epithelial cell markers and the secretion of mucus in A549 cells. Increased cell viability and barrier properties in co-cultures of A549 and HULEC-5a compared to mono-cultures revealed the effectiveness of the model to reproduce in vitro physiological-relevant features of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The second portion of the alveolar-capillary barrier was developed implementing a tri-culture model (coded as thick model) including a type I collagen (COLL) hydrogel formulated to host lung fibroblasts (MRC-5). The thick barrier model was implemented by seeding HULEC-5a on the basolateral side of PCL-Gel TW and then pouring sequentially MRC-5-laden COLL hydrogel and A549 cells on the apical side of the electrospun membrane. The thick model was maintained up to 7 days at ALI and immunofluorescence staining of tight and adherent junctions demonstrated the formation of a tight barrier. Lastly, the ability of models to emulate pathological inflammatory conditions was validated by exposing the apical compartment of the PCL-Gel TW to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The damage of A549 tight junctions, the increase of barrier permeability and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokine release was observed after 48 h exposure to LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Licciardello
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research, Italy
| | - Viola Sgarminato
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research, Italy; CNR-IPCF, National Research Council-Institute for Chemical and Physical Processes, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonda-Turo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; POLITO BIOMedLAB, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research, Italy.
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Chen C, Wang J, Liu C, Hu J, Liu L. Pioneering therapies for post-infarction angiogenesis: Insight into molecular mechanisms and preclinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115306. [PMID: 37572633 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (MI), despite significant progress in its treatment, remains a leading cause of chronic heart failure and cardiovascular events such as cardiac arrest. Promoting angiogenesis in the myocardial tissue after MI to restore blood flow in the ischemic and hypoxic tissue is considered an effective treatment strategy. The repair of the myocardial tissue post-MI involves a robust angiogenic response, with mechanisms involved including endothelial cell proliferation and migration, capillary growth, changes in the extracellular matrix, and stabilization of pericytes for neovascularization. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of six key pathways in angiogenesis post-MI: the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, the Notch signaling pathway, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway, and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss novel therapeutic approaches targeting these pathways, including drug therapy, gene therapy, protein therapy, cell therapy, and extracellular vesicle therapy. A comprehensive understanding of these key pathways and their targeted therapies will aid in our understanding of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of angiogenesis after MI and the development and application of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lanchun Liu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Chovatiya G, Li KN, Li J, Ghuwalewala S, Tumbar T. Alk1 acts in non-endothelial VE-cadherin + perineurial cells to maintain nerve branching during hair homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5623. [PMID: 37699906 PMCID: PMC10497554 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is a well-recognized endothelial cell marker. One of its interacting partners, the TGF-β receptor Alk1, is essential in endothelial cells for adult skin vasculature remodeling during hair homeostasis. Using single-cell transcriptomics, lineage tracing and gene targeting in mice, we characterize the cellular and molecular dynamics of skin VE-cadherin+ cells during hair homeostasis. We describe dynamic changes of VE-cadherin+ endothelial cells specific to blood and lymphatic vessels and uncover an atypical VE-cadherin+ cell population. The latter is not a predicted adult endovascular progenitor, but rather a non-endothelial mesenchymal perineurial cell type, which forms nerve encapsulating tubular structures that undergo remodeling during hair homeostasis. Alk1 acts in the VE-cadherin+ perineurial cells to maintain proper homeostatic nerve branching by enforcing basement membrane and extracellular matrix molecular signatures. Our work implicates the VE-cadherin/Alk1 duo, classically known as endothelial-vascular specific, in perineurial-nerve homeostasis. This has broad implications in vascular and nerve disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Chovatiya
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sangeeta Ghuwalewala
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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9
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Rossi E, Bernabeu C. Novel vascular roles of human endoglin in pathophysiology. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2327-2338. [PMID: 37315795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endoglin, alias CD105, is a human membrane glycoprotein highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. It is involved in angiogenesis and angiogenesis-related diseases, including the rare vascular pathology known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1. Although endoglin acts as an accessory receptor for members of the transforming growth factor-β family, in recent years, emerging evidence has shown a novel functional role for this protein beyond the transforming growth factor-β system. In fact, endoglin has been found to be an integrin counterreceptor involved in endothelial cell adhesion processes during pathological inflammatory conditions and primary hemostasis. Furthermore, a circulating form of endoglin, also named as soluble endoglin, whose levels are abnormally increased in different pathological conditions, such as preeclampsia, seems to act as an antagonist of membrane-bound endoglin and as a competitor of the fibrinogen-integrin interaction in platelet-dependent thrombus formation. These studies suggest that membrane-bound endoglin and circulating endoglin are important components involved in vascular homeostasis and hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1140, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, Paris, France.
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Luo Q, Jiang Z, Jiang J, Wan L, Li Y, Huang Y, Qiu J, Yu K, Zhuang J. Tsp-1 + microglia attenuate retinal neovascularization by maintaining the expression of Smad3 in endothelial cells through exosomes with decreased miR-27a-5p. Theranostics 2023; 13:3689-3706. [PMID: 37441592 PMCID: PMC10334831 DOI: 10.7150/thno.84236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Microglia with a repertoire of functions are critical in pathological regulation of angiogenesis in the retina. However, retinal microglia with beneficial contributions and corresponding mechanisms during pathological neovascularization are poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a bioinformatic comparison of public single-cell RNA transcriptome data between retinal microglia from mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) and an antiangiogenic microglial population named MG3 from the spine. The essential beneficial factor thrombospondin-1 (Tsp-1) from microglia was discovered and then validated in the retina of mice with OIR at P17. Exosomes were isolated from Tsp-1-knockout microglia (KO-Exos) and Tsp-1+ microglia (NT-Exos). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) morphology studies, exosomes' miRNA sequencing, luciferase reporter assay, miRNA loss of function studies, and intravitreal injection were used to explore the mechanism of Tsp-1 and microglia-associated retinal angiogenesis. Results: The bioinformatic analyses of single-cell RNA-seq data indicated that a subtype of retinal microglia named RMG1 shares features with MG3 in regulating wound healing, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis. Remarkably, Tsp-1, an extracellular matrix protein with robust inhibition of angiogenesis, was especially expressed in both MG3 and RMG1. However, the scarcity of Tsp-1+ cells was observed in RMG1, which could be an obstacle to attenuating retinal neovascularization. Subsequently, we found that exosomes derived from Tsp-1+ microglia inhibit the migration and tube formation of HUVEC. Moreover, the knockout of Tsp-1 led to the enrichment of miR-27a-5p in exosomes from microglia and promoted angiogenesis compared to that of NT-Exos in vitro. Furthermore, in the luciferase reporter assay on the transcriptional activity of the promoter, we demonstrated that Tsp-1 negatively regulates miR-27a-5p expression. In addition, SMAD family member 3 (Smad3), a receptor-activated Smad protein that is conducive to vascular homeostasis, was defined as a functional target gene of miR-27a-5p. These data were consistently confirmed in vivo in the retina of mice with OIR. Conclusion: Collectively, the Tsp-1/miR-27a-5p/Smad3 axis is involved in microglia-related and exosome-mediated antiangiogenic regulation of the retina. Therefore, this study reveals a novel mechanism by which retinal microglia maintain vascular homeostasis, thereby providing a new therapeutic target for pathological neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jingyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Linxi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuke Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Keming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jing Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, No.7 Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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11
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Bosseboeuf E, Chikh A, Chaker AB, Mitchell TP, Vignaraja D, Rajendrakumar R, Khambata RS, Nightingale TD, Mason JC, Randi AM, Ahluwalia A, Raimondi C. Neuropilin-1 interacts with VE-cadherin and TGFBR2 to stabilize adherens junctions and prevent activation of endothelium under flow. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4863. [PMID: 37220183 PMCID: PMC7614756 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Linear and disturbed flow differentially regulate gene expression, with disturbed flow priming endothelial cells (ECs) for a proinflammatory, atheroprone expression profile and phenotype. Here, we investigated the role of the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in ECs exposed to flow using cultured ECs, mice with an endothelium-specific knockout of NRP1, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that NRP1 was a constituent of adherens junctions that interacted with VE-cadherin and promoted its association with p120 catenin, stabilizing adherens junctions and inducing cytoskeletal remodeling in alignment with the direction of flow. We also showed that NRP1 interacted with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II (TGFBR2) and reduced the plasma membrane localization of TGFBR2 and TGF-β signaling. NRP1 knockdown increased the abundance of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, resulting in increased leukocyte rolling and atherosclerotic plaque size. These findings describe a role for NRP1 in promoting endothelial function and reveal a mechanism by which NRP1 reduction in ECs may contribute to vascular disease by modulating adherens junction signaling and promoting TGF-β signaling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Bosseboeuf
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmed Bey Chaker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dhilakshani Vignaraja
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ridhi Rajendrakumar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S. Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Justin C. Mason
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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12
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Hashimoto Y, Greene C, Munnich A, Campbell M. The CLDN5 gene at the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36978081 PMCID: PMC10044825 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells and associated pericytes and end-feet of astrocytes, is a physical and biological barrier to maintain the brain microenvironment. The expression of CLDN-5 is tightly regulated in the BBB by other junctional proteins in endothelial cells and by supports from pericytes and astrocytes. The most recent literature clearly shows a compromised BBB with a decline in CLDN-5 expression increasing the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, brain calcification and dementia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the known diseases associated with CLDN-5 expression and function. In the first part of this review, we highlight the recent understanding of how other junctional proteins as well as pericytes and astrocytes maintain CLDN-5 expression in brain endothelial cells. We detail some drugs that can enhance these supports and are being developed or currently in use to treat diseases associated with CLDN-5 decline. We then summarise mutagenesis-based studies which have facilitated a better understanding of the physiological role of the CLDN-5 protein at the BBB and have demonstrated the functional consequences of a recently identified pathogenic CLDN-5 missense mutation from patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This mutation is the first gain-of-function mutation identified in the CLDN gene family with all others representing loss-of-function mutations resulting in mis-localization of CLDN protein and/or attenuated barrier function. Finally, we summarize recent reports about the dosage-dependent effect of CLDN-5 expression on the development of neurological diseases in mice and discuss what cellular supports for CLDN-5 regulation are compromised in the BBB in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
| | - Chris Greene
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
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13
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Ivaldo C, Passalacqua M, Furfaro AL, d’Abramo C, Ruiz S, Chatterjee PK, Metz CN, Nitti M, Marambaud P. Oxidative stress-induced MMP- and γ-secretase-dependent VE-cadherin processing is modulated by the proteasome and BMP9/10. Sci Rep 2023; 13:597. [PMID: 36631513 PMCID: PMC9834263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical cadherins, including vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, are targeted by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and γ-secretase during adherens junction (AJ) disassembly, a mechanism that might have relevance for endothelial cell (EC) integrity and vascular homeostasis. Here, we show that oxidative stress triggered by H2O2 exposure induced efficient VE-cadherin proteolysis by MMPs and γ-secretase in human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cytoplasmic domain of VE-cadherin produced by γ-secretase, VE-Cad/CTF2-a fragment that has eluded identification so far-could readily be detected after H2O2 treatment. VE-Cad/CTF2, released into the cytosol, was tightly regulated by proteasomal degradation and was sequentially produced from an ADAM10/17-generated C-terminal fragment, VE-Cad/CTF1. Interestingly, BMP9 and BMP10, two circulating ligands critically involved in vascular maintenance, significantly reduced VE-Cad/CTF2 levels during H2O2 challenge, as well as mitigated H2O2-mediated actin cytoskeleton disassembly during VE-cadherin processing. Notably, BMP9/10 pretreatments efficiently reduced apoptosis induced by H2O2, favoring endothelial cell recovery. Thus, oxidative stress is a trigger of MMP- and γ-secretase-mediated endoproteolysis of VE-cadherin and AJ disassembly from the cytoskeleton in ECs, a mechanism that is negatively controlled by the EC quiescence factors, BMP9 and BMP10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ivaldo
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B.Alberti 2, I-16132 Genova, Italy ,grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA
| | - Mario Passalacqua
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B.Alberti 2, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Furfaro
- grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B.Alberti 2, I-16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cristina d’Abramo
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA ,grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA
| | - Santiago Ruiz
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA
| | - Prodyot K. Chatterjee
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA
| | - Christine N. Metz
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York USA
| | - Mariapaola Nitti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via L.B.Alberti 2, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Philippe Marambaud
- grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Litwin-Zucker Alzheimer’s Research Center, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA ,grid.250903.d0000 0000 9566 0634Institute of Molecular Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York USA ,grid.512756.20000 0004 0370 4759Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York USA
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14
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Wang C, Xing Y, Zhang J, He M, Dong J, Chen S, Wu H, Huang HY, Chou CH, Bai L, He F, She J, Su A, Wang Y, Thistlethwaite PA, Huang HD, Yuan JXJ, Yuan ZY, Shyy JYJ. MED1 Regulates BMP/TGF-β in Endothelium: Implication for Pulmonary Hypertension. Circ Res 2022; 131:828-841. [PMID: 36252121 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) or TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta) signaling pathways are imperative in idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) as well as experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rodent models. MED1 (mediator complex subunit 1) is a key transcriptional co-activator and KLF4 (Krüppel-like factor 4) is a master transcription factor in endothelium. However, MED1 and KLF4 epigenetic and transcriptional regulations of the BMP/TGF-β axes in pulmonary endothelium and their dysregulations leading to PAH remain elusive. We investigate the MED1/KLF4 co-regulation of the BMP/TGF-β axes in endothelium by studying the epigenetic regulation of BMPR2 (BMP receptor type II), ETS-related gene (ERG), and TGFBR2 (TGF-β receptor 2) and their involvement in the PH. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from RNA-seq, MED1 ChIP-seq, H3K27ac ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture together with in silico computations were used to explore the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 by MED1 and KLF4. In vitro experiments with cultured pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (ECs) and bulk assays were used to validate results from these in silico analyses. Lung tissue from patients with idiopathic PAH, animals with experimental PH, and mice with endothelial ablation of MED1 (EC-MED1-/-) were used to study the PH-protective effect of MED1. RESULTS Levels of MED1 were decreased in lung tissue or pulmonary arterial endothelial cells from idiopathic PAH patients and rodent PH models. Mechanistically, MED1 acted synergistically with KLF4 to transactivate BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 via chromatin remodeling and enhancer-promoter interactions. EC-MED1-/- mice showed PH susceptibility. In contrast, MED1 overexpression mitigated the PH phenotype in rodents. CONCLUSIONS A homeostatic regulation of BMPR2, ERG, and TGFBR2 in ECs by MED1 synergistic with KLF4 is essential for the normal function of the pulmonary endothelium. Dysregulation of MED1 and the resulting impairment of the BMP/TGF-β signaling is implicated in the disease progression of PAH in humans and PH in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Yuanming Xing
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Ming He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Jianjie Dong
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.).,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Chih-Hung Chou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan (C.-H.C.)
| | - Liang Bai
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Fangzhou He
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Jianqing She
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - Ailing Su
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., S.C., L.B., F.H., A.S.)
| | - Youhua Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China (Y.W.)
| | - Patricia A Thistlethwaite
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (P.A.T.)
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.).,School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China (H.-Y.H., H.-D.H.)
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.X.-J.Y.)
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (C.W., Y.X., J.Z., J.D., H.W., L.B., J.S., Z.-Y.)
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA (J.Z., M.H., J.D., J.Y.-J.)
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15
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Low-Dose X-Ray Increases Paracellular Permeability of Human Renal Glomerular Endothelial Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5382420. [PMID: 36267304 PMCID: PMC9578893 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5382420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective Glomerular endothelium functions as a filtration barrier of metabolites in the kidney. Although X-ray irradiation modulated the permeability of the vascular endothelium, the response of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) to low-dose X-ray irradiation has not been investigated. We evaluated the impacts of low-dose X-ray irradiation on HRGECs and revealed the underlying mechanism. Methods HRGECs were exposed to X-ray with doses of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Gy. The proliferation, viability, and apoptosis of HRGECs were examined by MTT assay, trypan blue staining assay, and TUNEL staining, respectively. The paracellular permeability was assessed by paracellular permeability assay. The expression of VE-cadherin was investigated via immunofluorescence assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR detected the expression levels of VE-cadherin and CLDN5. Besides, the expression levels of pVE-cadherin (pY658), TGF-β, TGF-βRI, Src, p-Src, Smad2, p-Smad2, Smad3, p-Smad3, SNAIL, SLUG, and apoptosis-related proteins were tested by Western blot. Results The proliferation, viability, and apoptosis of HRGECs were not affected by low-dose (<2.0 Gy) X-ray irradiation. X-ray irradiation dose-dependently reduced the level of VE-cadherin, and VE-cadherin and CLDN5 levels were reduced with X-ray irradiation. The levels of pY658, p-Src, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 were upregulated with the increase in X-ray dose. Besides, the paracellular permeability of HRGECs was increased by even low-dose (<2.0 Gy) X-ray irradiation. Therefore, low-dose X-ray irradiation reduced the cumulative content of VE-cadherin and increased the level of pY658 via activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway. Conclusion Even though low-dose X-ray exposure had no impact on proliferation, viability, and apoptosis of HRGECs, it increased the paracellular permeability by deterioration and downregulation of VE-cadherin through stimulating the TGF-β signaling pathway. This study built the framework for kidney response to low-dose irradiation exposure.
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16
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WNK1 collaborates with TGF-β in endothelial cell junction turnover and angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203743119. [PMID: 35867836 PMCID: PMC9335306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203743119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for growth of new blood vessels, remodeling existing vessels, and repair of damaged vessels, and these require reorganization of endothelial cell-cell junctions through a partial endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Homozygous disruption of the gene encoding the protein kinase WNK1 results in lethality in mice near embryonic day (E) 12 due to impaired angiogenesis. This angiogenesis defect can be rescued by endothelial-specific expression of an activated form of the WNK1 substrate kinase OSR1. We show that inhibition of WNK1 kinase activity not only prevents sprouting of endothelial cells from aortic slices but also vessel extension in inhibitor-treated embryos ex vivo. Mutations affecting TGF-β signaling also result in abnormal vascular development beginning by E10 and, ultimately, embryonic lethality. Previously, we demonstrated cross-talk of WNK1 with TGF-β-regulated SMAD signaling, and OSR1 was identified as a component of the TGF-β interactome. However, molecular events jointly regulated by TGF-β and WNK1/OSR1 have not been delineated. Here, we show that inhibition of WNK1 promotes TGF-β-dependent degradation of the tyrosine kinase receptor AXL, which is involved in TGF-β-mediated cell migration and angiogenesis. We also show that interaction between OSR1 and occludin, a protein associated with endothelial tight junctions, is an essential step to enable tight junction turnover. Furthermore, we show that these phenomena are WNK1 dependent, and sensitive to TGF-β. These findings demonstrate intimate connections between WNK1/OSR1 and multiple TGF-β-sensitive molecules controlling angiogenesis and suggest that WNK1 may modulate many TGF-β-regulated functions.
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17
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Jung JU, Jaykumar AB, Cobb MH. WNK1 in Malignant Behaviors: A Potential Target for Cancer? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935318. [PMID: 35813203 PMCID: PMC9257110 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Analyses of mouse models and patient data have implicated the protein kinase WNK1 as one of a handful of genes uniquely linked to a subset of invasive cancers. WNK1 signaling pathways are widely implicated in the regulation of ion co-transporters and in controlling cell responses to osmotic stress. In this review we will discuss its actions in tumor malignancy in human cancers and present evidence for its function in invasion, migration, angiogenesis and mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melanie H. Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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18
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Kulikauskas MR, X S, Bautch VL. The versatility and paradox of BMP signaling in endothelial cell behaviors and blood vessel function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:77. [PMID: 35044529 PMCID: PMC8770421 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels expand via sprouting angiogenesis, and this process involves numerous endothelial cell behaviors, such as collective migration, proliferation, cell–cell junction rearrangements, and anastomosis and lumen formation. Subsequently, blood vessels remodel to form a hierarchical network that circulates blood and delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissue. During this time, endothelial cells become quiescent and form a barrier between blood and tissues that regulates transport of liquids and solutes. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling regulates both proangiogenic and homeostatic endothelial cell behaviors as blood vessels form and mature. Almost 30 years ago, human pedigrees linked BMP signaling to diseases associated with blood vessel hemorrhage and shunts, and recent work greatly expanded our knowledge of the players and the effects of vascular BMP signaling. Despite these gains, there remain paradoxes and questions, especially with respect to how and where the different and opposing BMP signaling outputs are regulated. This review examines endothelial cell BMP signaling in vitro and in vivo and discusses the paradox of BMP signals that both destabilize and stabilize endothelial cell behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly R Kulikauskas
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Shaka X
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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19
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Lohani S, Funato Y, Akieda Y, Mizutani K, Takai Y, Ishitani T, Miki H. A novel role of PRL in regulating epithelial cell density by inducing apoptosis at confluence. J Cell Sci 2021; 135:273809. [PMID: 34931244 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining proper epithelial cell density is essential for the survival of multicellular organisms. While regulation of cell density through apoptosis is well known, its mechanistic details remain elusive. Here, we report the involvement of membrane-anchored phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL), originally known for its role in cancer malignancy, in this process. In epithelial MDCK cells, upon confluence, doxycycline-induced expression of PRL upregulated apoptosis, reducing the cell density. This could be circumvented by artificially reducing the cell density via stretching the cell-seeded silicon chamber. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of endogenous PRL blocked apoptosis, leading to greater cell density. Mechanistically, PRL promoted apoptosis by upregulating the translation of E-cadherin and activating TGF-β pathway. Morpholino-mediated inhibition of PRL expression in zebrafish embryos caused developmental defect with reduced apoptosis and increased epithelial cell density during convergent extension. This study revealed a novel role of PRL in regulating density-dependent apoptosis in vertebrate epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweksha Lohani
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yosuke Funato
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Akieda
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Mizutani
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Takai
- Division of Pathogenetic Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Miki
- Department of Cellular Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413358. [PMID: 34948155 PMCID: PMC8704376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins mediate cell–cell adhesion through a dynamic process that is strongly dependent on the cellular context and signaling. Cadherin regulation reflects the interplay between fundamental cellular processes, including morphogenesis, proliferation, programmed cell death, surface organization of receptors, cytoskeletal organization, and cell trafficking. The variety of molecular mechanisms and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of clarifying the functions mediated by these versatile proteins. Altered cadherins expression is closely connected with tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent fibrosis, and autoimmunity. We review the current understanding of how cadherins contribute to human health and disease, considering the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in diseases progression, as well as the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
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21
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Mok CH, MacLeod JN. Kinetics of Gene Expression Changes in Equine Fetal Interzone and Anlagen Cells Over 14 Days of Induced Chondrogenesis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:722324. [PMID: 34434986 PMCID: PMC8380811 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.722324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Within developing synovial joints, interzone and anlagen cells progress through divergent chondrogenic pathways to generate stable articular cartilage and transient hypertrophic anlagen cartilage, respectively. Understanding the comparative cell biology between interzone and anlagen cells may provide novel insights into emergent cell-based therapies to support articular cartilage regeneration. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of gene expression profiles in these skeletal cell lines after inducing chondrogenesis in culture. Interzone and anlagen cells from seven equine fetuses were isolated and grown in a TGF-β1 chondrogenic inductive medium. Total RNA was isolated at ten time points (0, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 168, and 336 h), and gene expression for 93 targeted gene loci was measured in a microfluidic RT-qPCR system. Differential transcriptional responses were observed as early as 1.5 h after the initiation of chondrogenesis. Genes with functional annotations that include transcription regulation responded to the chondrogenic stimulation earlier (1.5–96 h) than genes involved in signal transduction (1.5–336 h) and the extracellular matrix biology (3–336 h). Between interzone and anlagen cell cultures, expression levels of 73 out of the 93 targeted genes were not initially different at 0 h, but 47 out of the 73 genes became differentially expressed under the chondrogenic stimulation. While interzone and anlagen cells are both chondrogenic, they display clear differences in response to the same TGF-β1 chondrogenic stimulation. This study provides new molecular insight into a timed sequence of the divergent developmental fates of interzone and anlagen cells in culture over 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Mok
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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22
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Savorani C, Malinverno M, Seccia R, Maderna C, Giannotta M, Terreran L, Mastrapasqua E, Campaner S, Dejana E, Giampietro C. A dual role of YAP in driving TGFβ-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271139. [PMID: 34338295 PMCID: PMC8353525 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is the biological process through which endothelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells. During embryo development, EndMT regulates endocardial cushion formation via TGFβ/BMP signaling. In adults, EndMT is mainly activated during pathological conditions. Hence, it is necessary to characterize molecular regulators cooperating with TGFβ signaling in driving EndMT, to identify potential novel therapeutic targets to treat these pathologies. Here, we studied YAP, a transcriptional co-regulator involved in several biological processes, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As EndMT is the endothelial-specific form of EMT, and YAP (herein referring to YAP1) and TGFβ signaling cross-talk in other contexts, we hypothesized that YAP contributes to EndMT by modulating TGFβ signaling. We demonstrate that YAP is required to trigger TGFβ-induced EndMT response, specifically contributing to SMAD3-driven EndMT early gene transcription. We provide novel evidence that YAP acts as SMAD3 transcriptional co-factor and prevents GSK3β-mediated SMAD3 phosphorylation, thus protecting SMAD3 from degradation. YAP is therefore emerging as a possible candidate target to inhibit pathological TGFβ-induced EndMT at early stages. Summary: A new crucial role for YAP as a co-activator of early pathological TGFβ-mediated endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition program and characterization of the underlying molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Savorani
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Roberta Seccia
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Claudio Maderna
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Monica Giannotta
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Linda Terreran
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mastrapasqua
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Vascular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), The Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20139, Italy.,Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA), Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.,Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
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23
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The BMP Pathway in Blood Vessel and Lymphatic Vessel Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126364. [PMID: 34198654 PMCID: PMC8232321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) were originally identified as the active components in bone extracts that can induce ectopic bone formation. In recent decades, their key role has broadly expanded beyond bone physiology and pathology. Nowadays, the BMP pathway is considered an important player in vascular signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes encoding different components of the BMP pathway cause various severe vascular diseases. Their signaling contributes to the morphological, functional and molecular heterogeneity among endothelial cells in different vessel types such as arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels and capillaries within different organs. The BMP pathway is a remarkably fine-tuned pathway. As a result, its signaling output in the vessel wall critically depends on the cellular context, which includes flow hemodynamics, interplay with other vascular signaling cascades and the interaction of endothelial cells with peri-endothelial cells and the surrounding matrix. In this review, the emerging role of BMP signaling in lymphatic vessel biology will be highlighted within the framework of BMP signaling in the circulatory vasculature.
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24
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Bofarid S, Hosman AE, Mager JJ, Snijder RJ, Post MC. Pulmonary Vascular Complications in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia and the Underlying Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3471. [PMID: 33801690 PMCID: PMC8038106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in the development of pulmonary vascular disease (PVD), both pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and pulmonary hypertension (PH), in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). HHT or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 persons and characterized by epistaxis, telangiectasia and AVMs in more than 80% of cases, HHT is caused by a mutation in the ENG gene on chromosome 9 encoding for the protein endoglin or activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1) gene on chromosome 12 encoding for the protein ALK-1, resulting in HHT type 1 or HHT type 2, respectively. A third disease-causing mutation has been found in the SMAD-4 gene, causing a combination of HHT and juvenile polyposis coli. All three genes play a role in the TGF-β signaling pathway that is essential in angiogenesis where it plays a pivotal role in neoangiogenesis, vessel maturation and stabilization. PH is characterized by elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure caused by a variety of different underlying pathologies. HHT carries an additional increased risk of PH because of high cardiac output as a result of anemia and shunting through hepatic AVMs, or development of pulmonary arterial hypertension due to interference of the TGF-β pathway. HHT in combination with PH is associated with a worse prognosis due to right-sided cardiac failure. The treatment of PVD in HHT includes medical or interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sala Bofarid
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
| | - Anna E. Hosman
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Johannes J. Mager
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Repke J. Snijder
- Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands; (A.E.H.); (J.J.M.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Marco C. Post
- Department of Cardiology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435 CM Nieuwegein, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Yu Y, Su X, Qin Q, Hou Y, Zhang X, Zhang H, Jia M, Chen Y. Yes-associated protein and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif as new targets in cardiovascular diseases. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:105009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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Hiepen C, Mendez PL, Knaus P. It Takes Two to Tango: Endothelial TGFβ/BMP Signaling Crosstalk with Mechanobiology. Cells 2020; 9:E1965. [PMID: 32858894 PMCID: PMC7564048 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily of cytokines. While some ligand members are potent inducers of angiogenesis, others promote vascular homeostasis. However, the precise understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions is still a growing research field. In bone, the tissue in which BMPs were first discovered, crosstalk of TGFβ/BMP signaling with mechanobiology is well understood. Likewise, the endothelium represents a tissue that is constantly exposed to multiple mechanical triggers, such as wall shear stress, elicited by blood flow or strain, and tension from the surrounding cells and to the extracellular matrix. To integrate mechanical stimuli, the cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the transduction of these forces in endothelial cells. Importantly, mechanical forces integrate on several levels of the TGFβ/BMP pathway, such as receptors and SMADs, but also global cell-architecture and nuclear chromatin re-organization. Here, we summarize the current literature on crosstalk mechanisms between biochemical cues elicited by TGFβ/BMP growth factors and mechanical cues, as shear stress or matrix stiffness that collectively orchestrate endothelial function. We focus on the different subcellular compartments in which the forces are sensed and integrated into the TGFβ/BMP growth factor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petra Knaus
- Knaus-Lab/Signal Transduction, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.H.); (P.-L.M.)
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27
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Zhang C, Shao Z, Chen Z, Lin C, Hu S, Lou Z, Li J, Zheng X, Lin N, Gao W. Hydroxysafflor yellow A promotes multiterritory perforating flap survival: an experimental study. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4781-4794. [PMID: 32913550 PMCID: PMC7476167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of perforator flaps is a common surgical technique in wound repair. However, the area surrounding the multiterritory perforating flap often becomes necrotic due to ischemia. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from edible safflower, can be used medicinally to promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and alleviate oxidative stress and other biological activities. Here, we investigated the effect of HSYA on perforator flap survival and its potential mechanism. Our results demonstrate that HSYA significantly improves the survival area of perforator flaps, increases blood supply, reduces tissue edema, and increases mean vascular density. HSYA treatment promotes angiogenesis and inhibits oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in perforator flaps, suggesting many potential mechanisms for flap survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxuan Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zhentai Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Sunli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zhiling Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Jiafeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xuanqi Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325027, P. R. China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of OrthopaedicsWenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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28
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Inducers of the endothelial cell barrier identified through chemogenomic screening in genome-edited hPSC-endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:19854-19865. [PMID: 32759214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911532117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-retina barrier and blood-brain barrier (BRB/BBB) are selective and semipermeable and are critical for supporting and protecting central nervous system (CNS)-resident cells. Endothelial cells (ECs) within the BRB/BBB are tightly coupled, express high levels of Claudin-5 (CLDN5), a junctional protein that stabilizes ECs, and are important for proper neuronal function. To identify novel CLDN5 regulators (and ultimately EC stabilizers), we generated a CLDN5-P2A-GFP stable cell line from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), directed their differentiation to ECs (CLDN5-GFP hPSC-ECs), and performed flow cytometry-based chemogenomic library screening to measure GFP expression as a surrogate reporter of barrier integrity. Using this approach, we identified 62 unique compounds that activated CLDN5-GFP. Among them were TGF-β pathway inhibitors, including RepSox. When applied to hPSC-ECs, primary brain ECs, and retinal ECs, RepSox strongly elevated barrier resistance (transendothelial electrical resistance), reduced paracellular permeability (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran), and prevented vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)-induced barrier breakdown in vitro. RepSox also altered vascular patterning in the mouse retina during development when delivered exogenously. To determine the mechanism of action of RepSox, we performed kinome-, transcriptome-, and proteome-profiling and discovered that RepSox inhibited TGF-β, VEGFA, and inflammatory gene networks. In addition, RepSox not only activated vascular-stabilizing and barrier-establishing Notch and Wnt pathways, but also induced expression of important tight junctions and transporters. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibiting multiple pathways by selected individual small molecules, such as RepSox, may be an effective strategy for the development of better BRB/BBB models and novel EC barrier-inducing therapeutics.
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29
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Li J, Zhao Y, Choi J, Ting KK, Coleman P, Chen J, Cogger VC, Wan L, Shi Z, Moller T, Zheng X, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. Targeting miR-27a/VE-cadherin interactions rescues cerebral cavernous malformations in mice. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000734. [PMID: 32502201 PMCID: PMC7299406 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions predominantly developing in the central nervous system (CNS), with no effective treatments other than surgery. Loss-of-function mutation in CCM1/krev interaction trapped 1 (KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3/programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) causes lesions that are characterized by abnormal vascular integrity. Vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), a major regulator of endothelial cell (EC) junctional integrity is strongly disorganized in ECs lining the CCM lesions. We report here that microRNA-27a (miR-27a), a negative regulator of VE-cadherin, is elevated in ECs isolated from mouse brains developing early CCM lesions and in cultured ECs with CCM1 or CCM2 depletion. Furthermore, we show miR-27a acts downstream of kruppel-like factor (KLF)2 and KLF4, two known key transcription factors involved in CCM lesion development. Using CD5-2 (a target site blocker [TSB]) to prevent the miR-27a/VE-cadherin mRNA interaction, we present a potential therapy to increase VE-cadherin expression and thus rescue the abnormal vascular integrity. In CCM1- or CCM2-depleted ECs, CD5-2 reduces monolayer permeability, and in Ccm1 heterozygous mice, it restores dermal vessel barrier function. In a neonatal mouse model of CCM disease, CD5-2 normalizes vasculature and reduces vascular leakage in the lesions, inhibits the development of large lesions, and significantly reduces the size of established lesions in the hindbrain. Furthermore, CD5-2 limits the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lesion area. Our work has established that VE-cadherin is a potential therapeutic target for normalization of the vasculature and highlights that targeting miR-27a/VE-cadherin interaction by CD5-2 is a potential novel therapy for the devastating disease, CCM. Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a disease for which, hitherto, surgery has been the only option. This study shows that a potential therapeutic, CD5-2, inhibits lesion development and vascular leak in the brains of CCM neonatal mice by targeting the endothelial cell–specific adhesion molecule VE-cadherin and restoring the vascular integrity of CCM lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jaesung Choi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Victoria C. Cogger
- Aging and Alzheimers Institute and ANZAC Research Institute and Concord Hospital, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Li Wan
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zhongsong Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signaling, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew A. Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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30
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Yu W, Yang L, Li T, Zhang Y. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer: Its Functions and Role as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2019; 9:989. [PMID: 31637214 PMCID: PMC6788064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin family includes lists of transmembrane glycoproteins which mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Cadherin-mediated adhesion regulates cell growth and differentiation throughout life. Through the establishment of the cadherin-catenin complex, cadherins provide normal cell-cell adhesion and maintain homeostatic tissue architecture. In the process of cell recognition and adhesion, cadherins act as vital participators. As results, the disruption of cadherin signaling has significant implications on tumor formation and progression. Altered cadherin expression plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, angiogenesis, and tumor immune response. Based on ongoing research into the role of cadherin signaling in malignant tumors, cadherins are now being considered as potential targets for cancer therapies. This review will demonstrate the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in tumor progression, and consider the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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Akla N, Viallard C, Popovic N, Lora Gil C, Sapieha P, Larrivée B. BMP9 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9)/Alk1 (Activin-Like Kinase Receptor Type I) Signaling Prevents Hyperglycemia-Induced Vascular Permeability. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1821-1836. [PMID: 29880487 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. It is caused by blood-retinal barrier breakdown that leads to vascular hyperpermeability. Current therapeutic approaches consist of retinal photocoagulation or targeting VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) to limit vascular leakage. However, long-term intravitreal use of anti-VEGFs is associated with potential safety issues, and the identification of alternative regulators of vascular permeability may provide safer therapeutic options. The vascular specific BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) receptor ALK1 (activin-like kinase receptor type I) and its circulating ligand BMP9 have been shown to be potent vascular quiescence factors, but their role in the context of microvascular permeability associated with hyperglycemia has not been evaluated. Approach and Results- We investigated Alk1 signaling in hyperglycemic endothelial cells and assessed whether BMP9/Alk1 signaling could modulate vascular permeability. We show that high glucose concentrations impair Alk1 signaling, both in cultured endothelial cells and in a streptozotocin model of mouse diabetes mellitus. We observed that Alk1 signaling participates in the maintenance of vascular barrier function, as Alk1 haploinsufficiency worsens the vascular leakage observed in diabetic mice. Conversely, sustained delivery of BMP9 by adenoviral vectors significantly decreased the loss of retinal barrier function in diabetic mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Alk1 signaling prevents VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and induces the expression of occludin, thus strengthening vascular barrier functions. Conclusions- From these data, we suggest that by preventing retinal vascular permeability, BMP9 could serve as a novel therapeutic agent for diabetic macular edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoufal Akla
- From the Department of Biochemistry (N.A., P.S.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
| | - Claire Viallard
- Department of Molecular Biology (C.V., B.L.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
| | - Natalija Popovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.P., C.L.G., B.L.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
| | - Cindy Lora Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.P., C.L.G., B.L.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
| | - Przemyslaw Sapieha
- From the Department of Biochemistry (N.A., P.S.).,Department of Ophthalmology (P.S., B.L.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
| | - Bruno Larrivée
- Department of Molecular Biology (C.V., B.L.).,Department of Biomedical Sciences (N.P., C.L.G., B.L.).,Department of Ophthalmology (P.S., B.L.).,University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada; and Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (N.A., C.V., N.P., C.L.G., P.S., B.L.)
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Derynck R, Budi EH. Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-β family signaling. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaav5183. [PMID: 30808818 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Encoded in mammalian cells by 33 genes, the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of secreted, homodimeric and heterodimeric proteins controls the differentiation of most, if not all, cell lineages and many aspects of cell and tissue physiology in multicellular eukaryotes. Deregulation of TGF-β family signaling leads to developmental anomalies and disease, whereas enhanced TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer and fibrosis. Here, we review the fundamentals of the signaling mechanisms that are initiated upon TGF-β ligand binding to its cell surface receptors and the dependence of the signaling responses on input from and cooperation with other signaling pathways. We discuss how cells exquisitely control the functional presentation and activation of heteromeric receptor complexes of transmembrane, dual-specificity kinases and, thus, define their context-dependent responsiveness to ligands. We also introduce the mechanisms through which proteins called Smads act as intracellular effectors of ligand-induced gene expression responses and show that the specificity and impressive versatility of Smad signaling depend on cross-talk from other pathways. Last, we discuss how non-Smad signaling mechanisms, initiated by distinct ligand-activated receptor complexes, complement Smad signaling and thus contribute to cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Erine H Budi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Raza Q, Choi JY, Li Y, O’Dowd RM, Watkins SC, Chikina M, Hong Y, Clark NL, Kwiatkowski AV. Evolutionary rate covariation analysis of E-cadherin identifies Raskol as a regulator of cell adhesion and actin dynamics in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007720. [PMID: 30763317 PMCID: PMC6375579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction couples the actin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells to provide the foundation for multicellular organization. The core of the adherens junction is the cadherin-catenin complex that arose early in the evolution of multicellularity to link actin to intercellular adhesions. Over time, evolutionary pressures have shaped the signaling and mechanical functions of the adherens junction to meet specific developmental and physiological demands. Evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) identifies proteins with correlated fluctuations in evolutionary rate that can reflect shared selective pressures and functions. Here we use ERC to identify proteins with evolutionary histories similar to the Drosophila E-cadherin (DE-cad) ortholog. Core adherens junction components α-catenin and p120-catenin displayed positive ERC correlations with DE-cad, indicating that they evolved under similar selective pressures during evolution between Drosophila species. Further analysis of the DE-cad ERC profile revealed a collection of proteins not previously associated with DE-cad function or cadherin-mediated adhesion. We then analyzed the function of a subset of ERC-identified candidates by RNAi during border cell (BC) migration and identified novel genes that function to regulate DE-cad. Among these, we found that the gene CG42684, which encodes a putative GTPase activating protein (GAP), regulates BC migration and adhesion. We named CG42684 raskol (“to split” in Russian) and show that it regulates DE-cad levels and actin protrusions in BCs. We propose that Raskol functions with DE-cad to restrict Ras/Rho signaling and help guide BC migration. Our results demonstrate that a coordinated selective pressure has shaped the adherens junction and this can be leveraged to identify novel components of the complexes and signaling pathways that regulate cadherin-mediated adhesion. The establishment of intercellular adhesions facilitated the genesis of multicellular organisms. The adherens junction, which links the actin cytoskeletons of neighboring cells, arose early in the evolution of multicellularity and selective pressures have shaped its function and molecular composition over time. In this study, we used evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) analysis to examine the evolutionary history of the adherens junction and to identify proteins that coevolved with the core adherens junction protein Drosophila E-cadherin (DE-cad). ERC analysis of DE-cad revealed a collection of proteins with similar evolutionary histories. We then tested the role of ERC-identified candidates in border cell migration in the fly egg chamber, a process that requires the coordinated regulation of cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. Among these, we found that a previously uncharacterized gene CG42684, which encodes a putative GTPase activating protein (GAP), regulates the collective cell migration of border cells, stabilizes cell-cell adhesions and regulates the actin dynamics. Our results demonstrate that components of the adherens junction share an evolutionary history and that ERC analysis is a powerful method to identify novel components of cell adhesion complexes in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qanber Raza
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Roisin M. O’Dowd
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yang Hong
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nathan L. Clark
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adam V. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ting KK, Zhao Y, Shen W, Coleman P, Yam M, Chan-Ling T, Li J, Moller T, Gillies M, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. Therapeutic regulation of VE-cadherin with a novel oligonucleotide drug for diabetic eye complications using retinopathy mouse models. Diabetologia 2019; 62:322-334. [PMID: 30443753 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A major feature of diabetic retinopathy is breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, resulting in macular oedema. We have developed a novel oligonucleotide-based drug, CD5-2, that specifically increases expression of the key junctional protein involved in barrier integrity in endothelial cells, vascular-endothelial-specific cadherin (VE-cadherin). CD5-2 prevents the mRNA silencing by the pro-angiogenic microRNA, miR-27a. CD5-2 was evaluated in animal models of ocular neovascularisation and vascular leak to determine its potential efficacy for diabetic retinopathy. METHODS CD5-2 was tested in three mouse models of retinal dysfunction: conditional Müller cell depletion, streptozotocin-induced diabetes and oxygen-induced retinopathy. Vascular permeability in the Müller cell-knockout model was assessed by fluorescein angiography. The Evans Blue leakage method was used to determine vascular permeability in streptozotocin- and oxygen-induced retinopathy models. The effects of CD5-2 on retinal neovascularisation, inter-endothelial junctions and pericyte coverage in streptozotocin- and oxygen-induced retinopathy models were determined by staining for isolectin-B4, VE-cadherin and neural/glial antigen 2 (NG2). Blockmir CD5-2 localisation in diseased retina was determined using fluorescent in situ hybridisation. The effects of CD5-2 on VE-cadherin expression and in diabetic retinopathy-associated pathways, such as the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and wingless/integrated (WNT) pathway, were confirmed using western blot of lysates from HUVECs, a mouse brain endothelial cell line and a VE-cadherin null mouse endothelial cell line. RESULTS CD5-2 penetrated the vasculature of the eye in the oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Treatment of diseased mice with CD5-2 resulted in reduced vascular leak in all three animal models, enhanced expression of VE-cadherin in the microvessels of the eye and improved pericyte coverage of the retinal vasculature in streptozotocin-induced diabetic models and oxygen-induced retinopathy models. Further, CD5-2 reduced the activation of retinal microglial cells in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model. The positive effects of CD5-2 seen in vivo were further confirmed in vitro by increased protein expression of VE-cadherin, SMAD2/3 activity, and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION CD5-2 has therapeutic potential for individuals with vascular-leak-associated retinal diseases based on its ease of delivery and its ability to reverse vascular dysfunction and inflammatory aspects in three animal models of retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Ka Ting
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Weiyong Shen
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Michelle Yam
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tailoi Chan-Ling
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jia Li
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | | | - Mark Gillies
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium Vascular Biology Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked bag #6, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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Rossi E, Bernabeu C, Smadja DM. Endoglin as an Adhesion Molecule in Mature and Progenitor Endothelial Cells: A Function Beyond TGF-β. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:10. [PMID: 30761306 PMCID: PMC6363663 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells that functions as a co-receptor for several ligands of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family. ENG is also a recognized marker of angiogenesis and mutations in the endoglin gene are responsible for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) type 1, a vascular disease characterized by defective angiogenesis, arteriovenous malformations, telangiectasia, and epistaxis. In addition to its involvement in the TGF-β family signaling pathways, several lines of evidence suggest that the extracellular domain of ENG has a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion via its RGD motif. Indeed, we have described a role for endothelial ENG in leukocyte trafficking and extravasation via its binding to leukocyte integrins. We have also found that ENG is involved in vasculogenic properties of endothelial progenitor cells known as endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). Moreover, the binding of endothelial ENG to platelet integrins regulate the resistance to shear during platelet-endothelium interactions under inflammatory conditions. Because of the need for more effective treatments in HHT and the involvement of ENG in angiogenesis, current studies are aimed at identifying novel biological functions of ENG which could serve as a therapeutic target. This review focuses on the interaction between ENG and integrins with the aim to better understand the role of this protein in blood vessel formation driven by progenitor and mature endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S1140, Paris, France
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
| | - David M Smadja
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Inserm UMR-S1140, Paris, France.,Department of Hematology, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Biosurgical Research, Carpentier Foundation, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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Zhang Y, Clay D, Mitjavila-Garcia MT, Alama A, Mennesson B, Berseneff H, Louache F, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Oberlin E. VE-Cadherin and ACE Co-Expression Marks Highly Proliferative Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Human Embryonic Liver. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:165-185. [PMID: 30426841 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances to engineer transplantable hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for research and therapy, an in-depth characterization of the developing human hematopoietic system is still lacking. The human embryonic liver is at the crossroad of several hematopoietic sites and harbors a complex hematopoietic hierarchy, including the first actively dividing HSPCs that will further seed the definitive hematopoietic organs. However, few are known about the phenotypic and functional HSPC organization operating at these stages of development. In this study, using a combination of four endothelial and hematopoietic surface markers, that is, the endothelial-specific marker vascular endothelial-cadherin (Cdh5, CD144), the pan-leukocyte antigen CD45, the hemato-endothelial marker CD34, and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143), we identified distinct HSPC subsets, and among them, a population co-expressing the four markers that uniquely harbored an outstanding proliferation potential both ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, we traced back this population to the yolk sac (YS) and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) sites of hematopoietic emergence. Taken together, our data will help to identify human HSPC self-renewal and amplification mechanisms for future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Denis Clay
- 4 Inserm UMS 33, Villejuif, France.,5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Teresa Mitjavila-Garcia
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélie Alama
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Benoit Mennesson
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Helene Berseneff
- 8 Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, René-Dubos Hospital, Pontoise, France
| | - Fawzia Louache
- 1 Inserm, UMR 1170, Villejuif, France.,2 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,3 Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
| | - Estelle Oberlin
- 5 André Lwoff Institute (IFR89), Villejuif, France.,6 Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif, France.,7 Inserm UMR 935, Villejuif, France
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Lampugnani MG, Dejana E, Giampietro C. Vascular Endothelial (VE)-Cadherin, Endothelial Adherens Junctions, and Vascular Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029322. [PMID: 28851747 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs) supervise fundamental vascular functions, such as the control of permeability and transmigration of circulating leukocytes, and the maintenance of existing vessels and formation of new ones. These processes are often dysregulated in pathologies. However, the evidence that links dysfunction of endothelial AJs to human pathologies is mostly correlative. In this review, we present an update of the molecular organization of AJ complexes in endothelial cells (ECs) that is mainly based on observations from experimental models. Furthermore, we report in detail on a human pathology, cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), which is initiated by loss-of-function mutations in the genes that encode the three cytoplasmic components of AJs (CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3). At present, these represent a unique example of mutations in components of endothelial AJs that cause human disease. We describe also how studies into the defects of AJs in CCM are shedding light on the crucial regulatory mechanisms and signaling activities of these endothelial structures. Although these observations are specific for CCM, they support the concept that dysfunction of endothelial AJs can directly contribute to human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (FIRC) Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Yulis M, Kusters DHM, Nusrat A. Cadherins: cellular adhesive molecules serving as signalling mediators. J Physiol 2018; 596:3883-3898. [PMID: 29968384 PMCID: PMC6117591 DOI: 10.1113/jp275328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The single pass, transmembrane proteins of the cadherin family have been appreciated as important proteins that regulate intercellular adhesion. In addition to this critical function, cadherins contribute to important signalling events that control cellular homeostasis. Many examples exist of classical, desmosomal and atypical cadherins participating in the regulation of signalling events that control homeostatic functions in cells. Much of the work on cadherin mediated signalling focuses on classical cadherins or on specific disease states such as pemphigus vulgaris. Cadherin mediated signalling has been shown to play critical roles during development, in proliferation, apoptosis, disease pathobiology and beyond. It is becoming increasingly clear that cadherins operate through a range of molecular mechanisms. The diversity of pathways and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of the roles that these versatile proteins play in signalling and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Yulis
- Department of PathologyThe University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA
| | | | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of PathologyThe University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA
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Paauwe M, Schoonderwoerd MJA, Helderman RFCP, Harryvan TJ, Groenewoud A, van Pelt GW, Bor R, Hemmer DM, Versteeg HH, Snaar-Jagalska BE, Theuer CP, Hardwick JCH, Sier CFM, Ten Dijke P, Hawinkels LJAC. Endoglin Expression on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Regulates Invasion and Stimulates Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:6331-6344. [PMID: 29945992 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are a major component of the colorectal cancer tumor microenvironment. CAFs play an important role in tumor progression and metastasis, partly through TGF-β signaling pathway. We investigated whether the TGF-β family coreceptor endoglin is involved in CAF-mediated invasion and metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CAF-specific endoglin expression was studied in colorectal cancer resection specimens using IHC and related to metastases-free survival. Endoglin-mediated invasion was assessed in vitro by transwell invasion, using primary colorectal cancer-derived CAFs. Effects of CAF-specific endoglin expression on tumor cell invasion were investigated in a colorectal cancer zebrafish model, whereas liver metastases were assessed in a mouse model. RESULTS CAFs specifically at invasive borders of colorectal cancer express endoglin and increased expression intensity correlated with increased disease stage. Endoglin-expressing CAFs were also detected in lymph node and liver metastases, suggesting a role in colorectal cancer metastasis formation. In stage II colorectal cancer, CAF-specific endoglin expression at invasive borders correlated with poor metastasis-free survival. In vitro experiments revealed that endoglin is indispensable for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9-induced signaling and CAF survival. Targeting endoglin using the neutralizing antibody TRC105 inhibited CAF invasion in vitro. In zebrafish, endoglin-expressing fibroblasts enhanced colorectal tumor cell infiltration into the liver and decreased survival. Finally, CAF-specific endoglin targeting with TRC105 decreased metastatic spread of colorectal cancer cells to the mouse liver. CONCLUSIONS Endoglin-expressing CAFs contribute to colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. TRC105 treatment inhibits CAF invasion and tumor metastasis, indicating an additional target beyond the angiogenic endothelium, possibly contributing to beneficial effects reported during clinical evaluations.See related commentary by Becker and LeBleu, p. 6110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mark J A Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roxan F C P Helderman
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom J Harryvan
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arwin Groenewoud
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Gabi W van Pelt
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Bor
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle M Hemmer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henri H Versteeg
- Department of Thrombosis & Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - James C H Hardwick
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F M Sier
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas J A C Hawinkels
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. .,Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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42
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van der Kraan PM. Differential Role of Transforming Growth Factor-beta in an Osteoarthritic or a Healthy Joint. J Bone Metab 2018; 25:65-72. [PMID: 29900155 PMCID: PMC5995759 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2018.25.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine that plays an important role in both normal joints and joints affected by osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease. However, the role of this pleiotropic cytokine in a normal healthy joint is very different from its role in an OA joint. In a normal synovial joint, active TGF-β is only present after joint loading and only for a short period. In contrast, permanent and high levels of active TGF-β are detected in OA joints. Due to this difference in levels and exposure period of joint cells to active TGF-β, the function of TGF-β is strikingly different in normal and OA joints. The consequences of this difference in TGF-β levels on joint homeostasis and pathological changes in OA joints are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. van der Kraan
- Department of Rheumatology, Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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43
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Cai X, Zhou X, Xiao F, Ye B, Huang W, Huang Z. Inhibition of hsa-miR-6086 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against TNFα-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis via CDH5. Gene 2018; 661:202-208. [PMID: 29605606 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs are considered as a novel class of biomarkers or treatment targets for cardiovascular diseases. Hsa-miR-6086, a novel mi-RNA, was reported to be downregulated during the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into endothelial cells (ECs). Interestingly, CDH5 (cadherin 5), encoding a classical cadherin of the cadherin superfamily, is a cellular marker of ECs and has been reported to be a target of hsa-miR-6086. However, the role of hsa-miR-6086 in ECs is virtually unknown. Herein, we report that hsa-miR-6086 was markedly induced by TNFα stimulation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), whereas CDH5 expression was greatly reduced. Importantly, TNFα-induced suppression of CDH5 expression was largely prevented by inhibiting hsa-miR-6086, and hsa-miR-6086 mimic greatly decrease CDH5 expression in HUVECs, suggesting that the induction of hsa-miR-6086 is responsible for CDH5 downregulation by TNFα. In addition, restoration of CDH5 expression level by either inhibiting hsa-miR-6086 or exogenously expressing CDH5 cDNA that is not affected by hsa-miR-6086 protected HUVECs against TNFα-induced apoptosis and cell growth inhibition. Taken together, our study reveals that hsa-miR-6086 is induced by TNFα and mediates TNFα-induced HUVEC growth inhibition through downregulating CDH5 expression. Hence, hsa-miR-6086 might be a new target for treating TNFα-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Fangyi Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, the First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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44
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Krispin S, Stratman AN, Melick CH, Stan RV, Malinverno M, Gleklen J, Castranova D, Dejana E, Weinstein BM. Growth Differentiation Factor 6 Promotes Vascular Stability by Restraining Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:353-362. [PMID: 29284606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The assembly of a functional vascular system requires a coordinated and dynamic transition from activation to maturation. High vascular endothelial growth factor activity promotes activation, including junction destabilization and cell motility. Maturation involves junctional stabilization and formation of a functional endothelial barrier. The identity and mechanism of action of prostabilization signals are still mostly unknown. Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and their ligands have important functions during embryonic vessel assembly and maturation. Previous work has suggested a role for growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6; bone morphogenetic protein 13) in vascular integrity although GDF6's mechanism of action was not clear. Therefore, we sought to further explore the requirement for GDF6 in vascular stabilization. APPROACH AND RESULTS We investigated the role of GDF6 in promoting endothelial vascular integrity in vivo in zebrafish and in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro. We report that GDF6 promotes vascular integrity by counteracting vascular endothelial growth factor activity. GDF6-deficient endothelium has increased vascular endothelial growth factor signaling, increased vascular endothelial-cadherin Y658 phosphorylation, vascular endothelial-cadherin delocalization from cell-cell interfaces, and weakened endothelial cell adherence junctions that become prone to vascular leak. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GDF6 promotes vascular stabilization by restraining vascular endothelial growth factor signaling. Understanding how GDF6 affects vascular integrity may help to provide insights into hemorrhage and associated vascular pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomo Krispin
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Amber N Stratman
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Chase H Melick
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Radu V Stan
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Matteo Malinverno
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Jamie Gleklen
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Daniel Castranova
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.)
| | - Brant M Weinstein
- From the Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD (S.K., A.N.S., C.H.M., J.G., D.C., B.M.W.); Departments of Biochemistry and Cell Biology and of Pathology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH (R.V.S.); Vascular Biology Program, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy (M.M., E.D.); and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (E.D.).
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45
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Lempereur A, Canto PY, Richard C, Martin S, Thalgott J, Raymond K, Lebrin F, Drevon C, Jaffredo T. The TGFβ pathway is a key player for the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition in the embryonic aorta. Dev Biol 2017; 434:292-303. [PMID: 29253505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic aorta produces hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from a hemogenic endothelium localized in the aortic floor through an endothelial to hematopoietic transition. It has been long proposed that the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)/Transforming Growth Factor ß (TGFß) signaling pathway was implicated in aortic hematopoiesis but the very nature of the signal was unknown. Here, using thorough expression analysis of the BMP/TGFß signaling pathway members in the endothelial and hematopoietic compartments of the aorta at pre-hematopoietic and hematopoietic stages, we show that the TGFß pathway is preferentially balanced with a prominent role of Alk1/TgfßR2/Smad1 and 5 on both chicken and mouse species. Functional analysis using embryonic stem cells mutated for Acvrl1 revealed an enhanced propensity to produce hematopoietic cells. Collectively, we reveal that TGFß through the Alk1/TgfßR2 receptor axis is acting on endothelial cells to produce hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lempereur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - P Y Canto
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Richard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - S Martin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, France
| | - J Thalgott
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K Raymond
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Lebrin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, France
| | - C Drevon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France
| | - T Jaffredo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, IBPS, CNRS UMR7622, Inserm U 1156, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, 75005 Paris, France.
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46
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Hisamatsu D, Ohno-Oishi M, Nakamura S, Mabuchi Y, Naka-Kaneda H. Growth differentiation factor 6 derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reduces age-related functional deterioration in multiple tissues. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:1259-75. [PMID: 27311402 PMCID: PMC4931831 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has attracted attention as a mechanism that connects cellular senescence to tissue dysfunction, and specific SASP factors have been identified as systemic pro-aging factors. However, little is known about the age-dependent changes in the secretory properties of stem cells. Young, but not old, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a well-known source of critical regenerative factors, but the identity of these factors remains elusive. In this study, we identified growth differentiation factor 6 (Gdf6; also known as Bmp13 and CDMP-2) as a regenerative factor secreted from young MSCs. The expression of specific secretory factors, including Gdf6, was regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) miR-17, whose expression declined with age. Upregulation of Gdf6 restored the osteogenic capacity of old MSCs in vitro and exerted positive effects in vivo on aging-associated pathologies such as reduced lymphopoiesis, insufficient muscle repair, reduced numbers of neural progenitors in the brain, and chronic inflammation. Our results suggest that manipulation of miRNA could enable control of the SASP, and that regenerative factors derived from certain types of young cells could be used to treat geriatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hisamatsu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Michiko Ohno-Oishi
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shiho Nakamura
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hayato Naka-Kaneda
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Competency, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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47
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Gasparini S, Villa F, Molfetta L, Repaci E, Castagnola P, Quarto R, Giannoni P. Exposure to reversine affects the chondrocyte morphology and phenotype in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1337-e1348. [PMID: 28714568 DOI: 10.1002/term.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritic tissues (OA HAC) show a severely reduced chondrogenic commitment. This impairment undermines their use for tissue-engineered cartilage repair, which relies on cell proliferation and growth to meet therapeutic needs, but also on efficient cell plasticity to recover the chondrogenic phenotype. Reversine (Rev), a 2,6-disubstituted purine inhibitor of spindle-assembly checkpoints, was described to convert differentiated mesenchymal cells to their undifferentiated precursors. We hypothesized that Rev exposure could divert OA HAC to more plastic cells, re-boosting their subsequent commitment. HAC were enzymatically released from OA cartilage specimens, expanded for 2 weeks and treated with 5 μm Rev in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or with DMSO alone for 6 days. Cell growth was assessed using the AlamarBlueTM assay. Cytoskeletal structure, endoproliferation and caspase-3-immunopositivity were assayed by epifluorescence microscopy. The OA HAC chondrogenic performance was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Sox9, Aggrecan (Agg), type II collagen (Col2), Ki67, cyclinD1, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), -2 and -3, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and -6 , SMAD3 and -7, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Rev-treated OA HAC recovered polygonal morphology and reduced Ki67 expression and proliferation. Cell-cycle impairment accounted for altered cytoskeletal organization, endoproliferation and apoptosis, whereas a compensatory mechanism sustained the increased cyclinD1 transcript levels. Sox9, Agg and TGFs were overexpressed, but not Col2. IL transcripts were massively downregulated. These events were dose-related and transient. Overall, in spite of a higher Rev-induced transcriptional activity for extracellular matrix components and in spite of a Rev-treated cell phenotype closer to that of the three-dimensional native articular chondrocyte, Rev effects seem unleashed from a full regained chondrogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gasparini
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Genova, Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Genova, Italy
| | - F Villa
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Genova, Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Genova, Italy
| | - L Molfetta
- Orthopedic Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal-Infant Sciences (Di.N.O.G.M.I), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - E Repaci
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Genova, Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Genova, Italy
| | | | - R Quarto
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Genova, Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Genova, Italy
| | - P Giannoni
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medicine (Di.Me.S.), University of Genova, Advanced Biotechnology Centre, Genova, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Correct organization of the vascular tree requires the balanced activities of several signaling pathways that regulate tubulogenesis and vascular branching, elongation, and pruning. When this balance is lost, the vessels can be malformed and fragile, and they can lose arteriovenous differentiation. In this review, we concentrate on the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, which is one of the most important and complex signaling systems in vascular development. Inactivation of these pathways can lead to altered vascular organization in the embryo. In addition, many vascular malformations are related to deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling. Here, we focus on two of the most studied vascular malformations that are induced by deregulation of TGF-β/BMP signaling: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM). The first of these is related to loss-of-function mutation of the TGF-β/BMP receptor complex and the second to increased signaling sensitivity to TGF-β/BMP. In this review, we discuss the potential therapeutic targets against these vascular malformations identified so far, as well as their basis in general mechanisms of vascular development and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Cunha
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
| | - Peetra U Magnusson
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
| | - Elisabetta Dejana
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.).
| | - Maria Grazia Lampugnani
- From the Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden (S.I.C., P.U.M., E.D.); FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy (E.D., M.G.L.); and Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy (M.G.L.)
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49
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Dubon MJ, Yu J, Choi S, Park KS. Transforming growth factor β induces bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration via noncanonical signals and N-cadherin. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:201-213. [PMID: 28213973 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces the migration and mobilization of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to maintain bone homeostasis during bone remodeling and facilitate the repair of peripheral tissues. Although many studies have reported the mechanisms through which TGF-β mediates the migration of various types of cells, including cancer cells, the intrinsic cellular mechanisms underlying cellular migration, and mobilization of BM-MSCs mediated by TGF-β are unclear. In this study, we showed that TGF-β activated noncanonical signaling molecules, such as Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and p38, via TGF-β type I receptor in human BM-MSCs and murine BM-MSC-like ST2 cells. Inhibition of Rac1 by NSC23766 and Src by PP2 resulted in impaired TGF-β-mediated migration. These results suggested that the Smad-independent, noncanonical signals activated by TGF-β were necessary for migration. We also showed that N-cadherin-dependent intercellular interactions were required for TGF-β-mediated migration using functional inhibition of N-cadherin with EDTA treatment and a neutralizing antibody (GC-4 antibody) or siRNA-mediated knockdown of N-cadherin. However, N-cadherin knockdown did not affect the global activation of noncanonical signals in response to TGF-β. Therefore, these results suggested that the migration of BM-MSCs in response to TGF-β was mediated through N-cadherin and noncanonical TGF-β signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Dubon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Yu
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Dejana E, Hirschi KK, Simons M. The molecular basis of endothelial cell plasticity. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14361. [PMID: 28181491 PMCID: PMC5309780 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is capable of remarkable plasticity. In the embryo, primitive endothelial cells differentiate to acquire arterial, venous or lymphatic fates. Certain endothelial cells also undergo hematopoietic transition giving rise to multi-lineage hematopoietic stem and progenitors while others acquire mesenchymal properties necessary for heart development. In the adult, maintenance of differentiated endothelial state is an active process requiring constant signalling input. The failure to do so leads to the development of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that plays an important role in pathogenesis of a number of diseases. A better understanding of these phenotypic changes may lead to development of new therapeutic interventions. Vascular endothelium possesses remarkable plasticity in response to cues from its surroundings, leading to great heterogeneity of endothelial cells in different vascular beds. Here the authors explain the molecular basis of endothelial plasticity during embryogenesis and in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Dejana
- Vascular Biology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan 20129, Italy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden
| | - Karen K. Hirschi
- Yale Cardiovasc. Res. Center, Departments of Internal Medicine, Genetics and Biomedical Engineering New Haven, Connecticut CT06511, USA
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut CT06511, USA
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