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Badia-Bringué G, Canive M, Vázquez P, Garrido JM, Fernández A, Juste RA, Jiménez JA, González-Recio O, Alonso-Hearn M. Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with High Interferon-gamma Production in Holstein Cattle Naturally Infected with Mycobacterium Bovis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6165. [PMID: 38892353 PMCID: PMC11172856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis (Mb) is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTb). Genetic selection aiming to identify less susceptible animals has been proposed as a complementary measure in ongoing programs toward controlling Mb infection. However, individual animal phenotypes for bTb based on interferon-gamma (IFNɣ) and its use in bovine selective breeding programs have not been explored. In the current study, IFNɣ production was measured using a specific IFNɣ ELISA kit in bovine purified protein derivative (bPPD)-stimulated blood samples collected from Holstein cattle. DNA isolated from the peripheral blood samples collected from the animals included in the study was genotyped with the EuroG Medium Density bead Chip, and the genotypes were imputed to whole-genome sequences. A genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) revealed that the IFNɣ in response to bPPD was associated with a specific genetic profile (heritability = 0.23) and allowed the identification of 163 SNPs, 72 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), 197 candidate genes, and 8 microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with this phenotype. No negative correlations between this phenotype and other phenotypes and traits included in the Spanish breeding program were observed. Taken together, our results define a heritable and distinct immunogenetic profile associated with strong production of IFNɣ in response to Mb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - María Canive
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joseba M. Garrido
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón A. Juste
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | - Oscar González-Recio
- Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
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2
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Scrima S, Lambrughi M, Tiberti M, Fadda E, Papaleo E. ASM variants in the spotlight: A structure-based atlas for unraveling pathogenic mechanisms in lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167260. [PMID: 38782304 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a critical enzyme in lipid metabolism encoded by the SMPD1 gene, plays a crucial role in sphingomyelin hydrolysis in lysosomes. ASM deficiency leads to acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, a rare genetic disorder with diverse clinical manifestations, and the protein can be found mutated in other diseases. We employed a structure-based framework to comprehensively understand the functional implications of ASM variants, integrating pathogenicity predictions with molecular insights derived from a molecular dynamics simulation in a lysosomal membrane environment. Our analysis, encompassing over 400 variants, establishes a structural atlas of missense variants of lysosomal ASM, associating mechanistic indicators with pathogenic potential. Our study highlights variants that influence structural stability or exert local and long-range effects at functional sites. To validate our predictions, we compared them to available experimental data on residual catalytic activity in 135 ASM variants. Notably, our findings also suggest applications of the resulting data for identifying cases suited for enzyme replacement therapy. This comprehensive approach enhances the understanding of ASM variants and provides valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scrima
- Cancer Structural Biology, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Matteo Lambrughi
- Cancer Structural Biology, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matteo Tiberti
- Cancer Structural Biology, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisa Fadda
- Department of Chemistry and Hamilton Institute, Maynooth University, Maynooth, co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Elena Papaleo
- Cancer Structural Biology, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Institute, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Cancer Systems Biology, Section for Bioinformatics, Department of Health and Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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3
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Yang CY, Lien CI, Tseng YC, Tu YF, Kulczyk AW, Lu YC, Wang YT, Su TW, Hsu LC, Lo YC, Lin SC. Deciphering DED assembly mechanisms in FADD-procaspase-8-cFLIP complexes regulating apoptosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3791. [PMID: 38710704 PMCID: PMC11074299 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), procaspase-8, and cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIP) assemble through death-effector domains (DEDs), directing death receptor signaling towards cell survival or apoptosis. Understanding their three-dimensional regulatory mechanism has been limited by the absence of atomic coordinates for their ternary DED complex. By employing X-ray crystallography and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we present the atomic coordinates of human FADD-procaspase-8-cFLIP complexes, revealing structural insights into these critical interactions. These structures illustrate how FADD and cFLIP orchestrate the assembly of caspase-8-containing complexes and offer mechanistic explanations for their role in promoting or inhibiting apoptotic and necroptotic signaling. A helical procaspase-8-cFLIP hetero-double layer in the complex appears to promote limited caspase-8 activation for cell survival. Our structure-guided mutagenesis supports the role of the triple-FADD complex in caspase-8 activation and in regulating receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1). These results propose a unified mechanism for DED assembly and procaspase-8 activation in the regulation of apoptotic and necroptotic signaling across various cellular pathways involved in development, innate immunity, and disease.
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Grants
- AS-TP-107-L16, AS-TP-107-L16-1, AS-102-TP-B14 and AS-102-TP-B14-2 Academia Sinica
- AS-TP-107-L16-2 and AS-102-TP-B14-1 Academia Sinica
- AS-TP-107-L16-3 Academia Sinica
- MoST 107-2320-B-001-018-, 108-2311-B-001-018-, 109-2311-B-001-016-, and 110-2311-B-001-015- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MoST 107-2320-B-006-062-MY3, and 111-2311-B-006-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
- MoST 108-2320-B-002-020-MY3, 111-2320-B-002-048-MY3, and 112-2326-B-002-007- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan)
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lien
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tseng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Tu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Arkadiusz W Kulczyk
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Yen-Chen Lu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ting Wang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Wei Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chih Lo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Su-Chang Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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Xu S, Yang TJ, Xu S, Gong YN. Plasma membrane repair empowers the necrotic survivors as innate immune modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:93-106. [PMID: 37648621 PMCID: PMC10872800 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is crucial to the survival of animal cells, and damage to it can be lethal, often resulting in necrosis. However, cells possess multiple mechanisms for repairing the membrane, which allows them to maintain their integrity to some extent, and sometimes even survive. Interestingly, cells that survive a near-necrosis experience can recognize sub-lethal membrane damage and use it as a signal to secrete chemokines and cytokines, which activate the immune response. This review will present evidence of necrotic cell survival in both in vitro and in vivo systems, including in C. elegans, mouse models, and humans. We will also summarize the various membrane repair mechanisms cells use to maintain membrane integrity. Finally, we will propose a mathematical model to illustrate how near-death experiences can transform dying cells into innate immune modulators for their microenvironment. By utilizing their membrane repair activity, the biological effects of cell death can extend beyond the mere elimination of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Tyler J Yang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117, USA
| | - Suhong Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Burn and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; International Biomedicine-X Research Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and the Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China.
| | - Yi-Nan Gong
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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5
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Broz P. Unconventional protein secretion by gasdermin pores. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101811. [PMID: 37473560 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) allows the release of specific leaderless proteins independently of the classical endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi secretory pathway. While it remains one of the least understood mechanisms in cell biology, UPS plays an essential role in immunity as it controls the release of the IL-1 family of cytokines, which coordinate host defense and inflammatory responses. The unconventional secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, the two most prominent members of the IL-1 family, is initiated by inflammasome complexes - cytosolic signaling platforms that are assembled in response to infectious or noxious stimuli. Inflammasomes activate inflammatory caspases that proteolytically mature IL-1β/- 18, but also induce pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. Pyroptosis is caused by gasdermin-D (GSDMD), a member of the gasdermin protein family, which is activated by caspase cleavage and forms large β-barrel plasma membrane pores. This pore-forming activity is shared with other family members that are activated during infection or upon treatment with chemotherapy drugs. While the induction of cell death was assumed to be the main function of gasdermin pores, accumulating evidence suggests that they have also non-lytic functions, such as in the release of cytokines and alarmins, or in regulating ion fluxes. This has raised the possibility that gasdermin pores are one of the main mediators of UPS. Here, I summarize and discuss new insights into gasdermin activation and pore formation, how gasdermin pores achieve selective cargo release, and how gasdermin pore formation and ninjurin-1-driven plasma membrane rupture are executed and regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Nozaki K, Miao EA. Bucket lists must be completed during cell death. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:803-815. [PMID: 36958996 PMCID: PMC10440244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell death occurs in many forms, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and NETosis. Most obviously, the purpose of these pathways is to kill the cell. However, many cells need to complete a set of effector programs before they die, which we define as a cellular 'bucket list'. These effector programs are specific to the cell type, and mode and circumstances of death. For example, intestinal epithelial cells need to complete the process of extrusion before they die. Cells use regulatory mechanisms to temporarily prolong their life, including endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)- and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-driven membrane repair. These allow cells to complete their bucket lists before they die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nozaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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7
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Yuan H, Zhu B, Li C, Zhao Z. Ceramide in cerebrovascular diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191609. [PMID: 37333888 PMCID: PMC10272456 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramide, a bioactive sphingolipid, serves as an important second messenger in cell signal transduction. Under stressful conditions, it can be generated from de novo synthesis, sphingomyelin hydrolysis, and/or the salvage pathway. The brain is rich in lipids, and abnormal lipid levels are associated with a variety of brain disorders. Cerebrovascular diseases, which are mainly caused by abnormal cerebral blood flow and secondary neurological injury, are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. There is a growing body of evidence for a close connection between elevated ceramide levels and cerebrovascular diseases, especially stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The increased ceramide has broad effects on different types of brain cells, including endothelial cells, microglia, and neurons. Therefore, strategies that reduce ceramide synthesis, such as modifying sphingomyelinase activity or the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo synthesis pathway, serine palmitoyltransferase, may represent novel and promising therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat cerebrovascular injury-related diseases.
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8
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Wang R, Qin Z, Huang L, Luo H, Peng H, Zhou X, Zhao Z, Liu M, Yang P, Shi T. SMPD1 expression profile and mutation landscape help decipher genotype-phenotype association and precision diagnosis for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency. Hereditas 2023; 160:11. [PMID: 36907956 PMCID: PMC10009935 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-023-00272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) disorder, also known as Niemann-Pick disease (NPD) is a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in SMPD1 gene, which encodes sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase (ASM). Except for liver and spleen enlargement and lung disease, two subtypes (Type A and B) of NDP have different onset times, survival times, ASM activities, and neurological abnormalities. To comprehensively explore NPD's genotype-phenotype association and pathophysiological characteristics, we collected 144 NPD cases with strict quality control through literature mining. RESULTS The difference in ASM activity can differentiate NPD type A from other subtypes, with the ratio of ASM activity to the reference values being lower in type A (threshold 0.045 (4.45%)). Severe variations, such as deletion and insertion, can cause complete loss of ASM function, leading to type A, whereas relatively mild missense mutations generally result in type B. Among reported mutations, the p.Arg3AlafsX76 mutation is highly prevalent in the Chinese population, and the p.R608del mutation is common in Mediterranean countries. The expression profiles of SMPD1 from GTEx and single-cell RNA sequencing data of multiple fetal tissues showed that high expressions of SMPD1 can be observed in the liver, spleen, and brain tissues of adults and hepatoblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, STC2_TLX1-positive cells, mesothelial cells of the spleen, vascular endothelial cells of the cerebellum and the cerebrum of fetuses, indicating that SMPD1 dysfunction is highly likely to have a significant effect on the function of those cell types during development and the clinicians need pay attention to these organs or tissues as well during diagnosis. In addition, we also predicted 21 new pathogenic mutations in the SMPD1 gene that potentially cause the NPD, signifying that more rare cases will be detected with those mutations in SMPD1. Finally, we also analysed the function of the NPD type A cells following the extracellular milieu. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to elucidate the effects of SMPD1 mutation on cell types and at the tissue level, which provides new insights into the genotype-phenotype association and can help in the precise diagnosis of NPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisong Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Arts and Science (the Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Medical college, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China, 415000
| | - Ziyi Qin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Peng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhong Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tieliu Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
- Changde Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedicine, 3150 Dongting Ave., Changde, 415000, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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10
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Wheeler MR, Hu M, Free SR, Carraway KL. Engaging the Lysosome and Lysosome-Dependent Cell Death in Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-lysosome] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Nozaki K, Maltez VI, Rayamajhi M, Tubbs AL, Mitchell JE, Lacey CA, Harvest CK, Li L, Nash WT, Larson HN, McGlaughon BD, Moorman NJ, Brown MG, Whitmire JK, Miao EA. Caspase-7 activates ASM to repair gasdermin and perforin pores. Nature 2022; 606:960-967. [PMID: 35705808 PMCID: PMC9247046 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among the caspases that cause regulated cell death, a unique function for caspase-7 has remained elusive. Caspase-3 performs apoptosis, whereas caspase-7 is typically considered an inefficient back-up. Caspase-1 activates gasdermin D pores to lyse the cell; however, caspase-1 also activates caspase-7 for unknown reasons1. Caspases can also trigger cell-type-specific death responses; for example, caspase-1 causes the extrusion of intestinal epithelial cell (IECs) in response to infection with Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium)2,3. Here we show in both organoids and mice that caspase-7-deficient IECs do not complete extrusion. Mechanistically, caspase-7 counteracts gasdermin D pores and preserves cell integrity by cleaving and activating acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), which thereby generates copious amounts of ceramide to enable enhanced membrane repair. This provides time to complete the process of IEC extrusion. In parallel, we also show that caspase-7 and ASM cleavage are required to clear Chromobacterium violaceum and Listeria monocytogenes after perforin-pore-mediated attack by natural killer cells or cytotoxic T lymphocytes, which normally causes apoptosis in infected hepatocytes. Therefore, caspase-7 is not a conventional executioner but instead is a death facilitator that delays pore-driven lysis so that more-specialized processes, such as extrusion or apoptosis, can be completed before cell death. Cells must put their affairs in order before they die.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Nozaki
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vivien I Maltez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manira Rayamajhi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan L Tubbs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joseph E Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn A Lacey
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Carissa K Harvest
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lupeng Li
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William T Nash
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Heather N Larson
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D McGlaughon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael G Brown
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and the Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jason K Whitmire
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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12
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Heib M, Weiß J, Saggau C, Hoyer J, Fuchslocher Chico J, Voigt S, Adam D. Ars moriendi: Proteases as sculptors of cellular suicide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119191. [PMID: 34973300 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Ars moriendi, which translates to "The Art of Dying," encompasses two Latin texts that gave advice on how to die well and without fear according to the Christian precepts of the late Middle Ages. Given that ten to hundred billion cells die in our bodies every day, it is obvious that the concept of a well and orderly ("regulated") death is also paramount at the cellular level. In apoptosis, as the most well-studied form of regulated cell death, proteases of the caspase family are the central mediators. However, caspases are not the only proteases that act as sculptors of cellular suicide, and therefore, we here provide an overview of the impact of proteases in apoptosis and other forms of regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Heib
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jonas Weiß
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Justus Hoyer
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susann Voigt
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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13
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Peters S, Fohmann I, Rudel T, Schubert-Unkmeir A. A Comprehensive Review on the Interplay between Neisseria spp. and Host Sphingolipid Metabolites. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113201. [PMID: 34831424 PMCID: PMC8623382 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids represent a class of structural related lipids involved in membrane biology and various cellular processes including cell growth, apoptosis, inflammation and migration. Over the past decade, sphingolipids have become the focus of intensive studies regarding their involvement in infectious diseases. Pathogens can manipulate the sphingolipid metabolism resulting in cell membrane reorganization and receptor recruitment to facilitate their entry. They may recruit specific host sphingolipid metabolites to establish a favorable niche for intracellular survival and proliferation. In contrast, some sphingolipid metabolites can also act as a first line defense against bacteria based on their antimicrobial activity. In this review, we will focus on the strategies employed by pathogenic Neisseria spp. to modulate the sphingolipid metabolism and hijack the sphingolipid balance in the host to promote cellular colonization, invasion and intracellular survival. Novel techniques and innovative approaches will be highlighted that allow imaging of sphingolipid derivatives in the host cell as well as in the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Peters
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Ingo Fohmann
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany;
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany; (S.P.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-46721; Fax: +49-931-31-46445
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14
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Fritsch J, Frankenheim J, Marischen L, Vadasz T, Troeger A, Rose-John S, Schmidt-Arras D, Schneider-Brachert W. Roles for ADAM17 in TNF-R1 Mediated Cell Death and Survival in Human U937 and Jurkat Cells. Cells 2021; 10:3100. [PMID: 34831323 PMCID: PMC8620378 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling via death receptor family members such as TNF-R1 mediates pleiotropic biological outcomes ranging from inflammation and proliferation to cell death. Pro-survival signaling is mediated via TNF-R1 complex I at the cellular plasma membrane. Cell death induction requires complex IIa/b or necrosome formation, which occurs in the cytoplasm. In many cell types, full apoptotic or necroptotic cell death induction requires the internalization of TNF-R1 and receptosome formation to properly relay the signal inside the cell. We interrogated the role of the enzyme A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)/TACE (TNF-α converting enzyme) in death receptor signaling in human hematopoietic cells, using pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation. We show that in U937 and Jurkat cells the absence of ADAM17 does not abrogate, but rather increases TNF mediated cell death. Likewise, cell death triggered via DR3 is enhanced in U937 cells lacking ADAM17. We identified ADAM17 as the key molecule that fine-tunes death receptor signaling. A better understanding of cell fate decisions made via the receptors of the TNF-R1 superfamily may enable us, in the future, to more efficiently treat infectious and inflammatory diseases or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.F.); (T.V.); (W.S.-B.)
| | - Julia Frankenheim
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.F.); (T.V.); (W.S.-B.)
| | - Lothar Marischen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Timea Vadasz
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.F.); (T.V.); (W.S.-B.)
| | - Anja Troeger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (L.M.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Dirk Schmidt-Arras
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (J.F.); (T.V.); (W.S.-B.)
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15
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Shi R, Shi X, Qin D, Tang S, Vermeulen M, Zhang X. SNX27-driven membrane localisation of OTULIN antagonises linear ubiquitination and NF-κB signalling activation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:146. [PMID: 34315543 PMCID: PMC8314547 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linear ubiquitination is a novel type of ubiquitination that plays important physiological roles in signalling pathways such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) signalling. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of linear ubiquitination, except the well-described enzymatic regulators E3 ligase linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) and deubiquitinase OTULIN. RESULTS Previously, we identified SNX27, a member of the sorting nexin family protein, as a selective linear ubiquitin chain interactor in mass spectrometry-based ubiquitin interaction screening. Here, we demonstrated that the interaction between the linear ubiquitin chain and SNX27 is mediated by the OTULIN. Furthermore, we found that SNX27 inhibits LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitin chain formation and TNFα-induced signalling activation. Mechanistic studies showed that, upon TNFα stimulation, OTULIN-SNX27 is localised to membrane-associated TNF receptor complex, where OTULIN deubiquitinates the linear polyubiquitin chain that formed by the LUBAC complex. Significantly, chemical inhibition of SNX27-retromer translocation by cholera toxin inhibits OTULIN membrane localization. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study demonstrated that SNX27 inhibits TNFα induced NF-κB signalling activation via facilitating OTULIN to localize to TNF receptor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruona Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Shibing Tang
- Center for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Hefei Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Cell Lineage and Development, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Center for Cell Lineage and Atlas (CCLA), Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510530, China.
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16
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Heck AL, Mishra S, Prenzel T, Feulner L, Achhammer E, Särchen V, Blagg BSJ, Schneider-Brachert W, Schütze S, Fritsch J. Selective HSP90β inhibition results in TNF and TRAIL mediated HIF1α degradation. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152070. [PMID: 33639524 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via TNF-R1 mediates pleiotropic biological outcomes ranging from inflammation and proliferation to cell death. Previous reports demonstrated that pro-survival signaling emanates from membrane resident TNF-R1 complexes (complex I) while only internalized TNF-R1 complexes are capable for DISC formation (complex II) and thus, apoptosis induction. Internalized TNF-R1 containing endosomes undergo intracellular maturation towards lysosomes, resulting in activation and release of Cathepsin D (CtsD) into the cytoplasm. We recently revealed HSP90 as target for proteolytic cleavage by CtsD, resulting in cell death amplification. In this study, we show that extrinsic cell death activation via TNF or TRAIL results in HSP90β degradation. Co-incubation of cells with either TNF or TRAIL in combination with the HSP90β inhibitor KUNB105 but not HSP90α selective inhibition promotes apoptosis induction. In an attempt to reveal further downstream targets of combined TNF-R1 or TRAIL-R1/-R2 activation with HSP90β inhibition, we identify HIF1α and validate its ligand:inhibitor triggered degradation. Together, these findings suggest that selective inhibition of HSP90 isoforms together with death ligand stimulation may provide novel strategies for therapy of inflammatory diseases or cancer, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Heck
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - S Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - T Prenzel
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Feulner
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - E Achhammer
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - V Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - B S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - W Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - J Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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17
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Soond SM, Savvateeva LV, Makarov VA, Gorokhovets NV, Townsend PA, Zamyatnin AA. Making Connections: p53 and the Cathepsin Proteases as Co-Regulators of Cancer and Apoptosis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113476. [PMID: 33266503 PMCID: PMC7700648 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This article describes an emerging area of significant interest in cancer and cell death and the relationships shared by these through the p53 and cathepsin proteins. While it has been demonstrated that the p53 protein can directly induce the leakage of cathepsin proteases from the lysosome, directly triggering cell death, little is known about what factors set the threshold at which the lysosome can become permeabilized. It appears that the expression levels of cathepsin proteases may be central to this process, with some of them being transcriptionally regulated by p53. The consequences of such a mechanism have serious implications for lysosomal-mediated apoptosis and have significant input into the design of therapeutics and their strategic use. In this review, we highlight the importance of extending such findings to other cathepsin family members and the need to assess the roles of p53 isoforms and mutants in furthering this mechanism. Abstract While viewed as the “guardian of the genome”, the importance of the tumor suppressor p53 protein has increasingly gained ever more recognition in modulating additional modes of action related to cell death. Slowly but surely, its importance has evolved from a mutated genetic locus heavily implicated in a wide array of cancer types to modulating lysosomal-mediated cell death either directly or indirectly through the transcriptional regulation of the key signal transduction pathway intermediates involved in this. As an important step in determining the fate of cells in response to cytotoxicity or during stress response, lysosomal-mediated cell death has also become strongly interwoven with the key components that give the lysosome functionality in the form of the cathepsin proteases. While a number of articles have been published highlighting the independent input of p53 or cathepsins to cellular homeostasis and disease progression, one key area that warrants further focus is the regulatory relationship that p53 and its isoforms share with such proteases in regulating lysosomal-mediated cell death. Herein, we review recent developments that have shaped this relationship and highlight key areas that need further exploration to aid novel therapeutic design and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M. Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
| | - Lyudmila V. Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Vladimir A. Makarov
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Neonila V. Gorokhovets
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
| | - Paul A. Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Andrey A. Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.V.S.); (V.A.M.); (N.V.G.)
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.M.S.); (A.A.Z.J.)
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18
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Molecular Biology of Escherichia Coli Shiga Toxins' Effects on Mammalian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050345. [PMID: 32456125 PMCID: PMC7290813 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stxs), syn. Vero(cyto)toxins, are potent bacterial exotoxins and the principal virulence factor of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a subset of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC strains, e.g., strains of serovars O157:H7 and O104:H4, may cause individual cases as well as large outbreaks of life-threatening diseases in humans. Stxs primarily exert a ribotoxic activity in the eukaryotic target cells of the mammalian host resulting in rapid protein synthesis inhibition and cell death. Damage of endothelial cells in the kidneys and the central nervous system by Stxs is central in the pathogenesis of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans and edema disease in pigs. Probably even more important, the toxins also are capable of modulating a plethora of essential cellular functions, which eventually disturb intercellular communication. The review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of the time course and the consecutive steps of Stx/cell interactions at the molecular level. Intervention measures deduced from an in-depth understanding of this molecular interplay may foster our basic understanding of cellular biology and microbial pathogenesis and pave the way to the creation of host-directed active compounds to mitigate the pathological conditions of STEC infections in the mammalian body.
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19
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Iessi E, Marconi M, Manganelli V, Sorice M, Malorni W, Garofalo T, Matarrese P. On the role of sphingolipids in cell survival and death. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 351:149-195. [PMID: 32247579 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids, universal components of biological membranes of all eukaryotic organisms, from yeasts to mammals, in addition of playing a structural role, also play an important part of signal transduction pathways. They participate or, also, ignite several fundamental subcellular signaling processes but, more in general, they directly contribute to key biological activities such as cell motility, growth, senescence, differentiation as well as cell fate, i.e., survival or death. The sphingolipid metabolic pathway displays an intricate network of reactions that result in the formation of multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide, and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Different sphingolipids, that have key roles in determining cell fate, can induce opposite effects: as a general rule, sphingosine-1-phosphate promotes cell survival and differentiation, whereas ceramide is known to induce apoptosis. Furthermore, together with cholesterol, sphingolipids also represent the basic lipid component of lipid rafts, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains directly involved in cell death and survival processes. In this review, we briefly describe the characteristics of sphingolipids and lipid membrane microdomains. In particular, we will consider the involvement of various sphingolipids per se and of lipid rafts in apoptotic pathway, both intrinsic and extrinsic, in nonapoptotic cell death, in autophagy, and in cell differentiation. In addition, their roles in the most common physiological and pathological contexts either as pathogenetic elements or as biomarkers of diseases will be considered. We would also hint how the manipulation of sphingolipid metabolism could represent a potential therapeutic target to be investigated and functionally validated especially for those diseases for which therapeutic options are limited or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Iessi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Marconi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Sorice
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Tina Garofalo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Oncology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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20
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Li Y, Lu Z, Zhang L, Kirkwood KL, Lopes-Virella MF, Huang Y. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency exacerbates LPS-induced experimental periodontitis. Oral Dis 2019; 26:637-646. [PMID: 31883406 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutation of the gene for acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) causes Niemann-Pick disease. However, the effect of ASMase deficiency on periodontal health is unknown. Periodontal disease is a disease resulting from infection and inflammation of periodontal tissue and alveolar bone that support the teeth. The goal of this study was to determine the role of ASMase deficiency in periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss. METHODS We induced periodontitis in wild-type and ASMase-deficient (ASMase-/- ) mice with periodontal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection and compared the alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation between these mice. RESULTS Results showed that ASMase deficiency did not significantly change metabolic parameters, but exacerbated LPS-induced alveolar bone loss, osteoclastogenesis, and periodontal tissue inflammation. To understand the mechanisms by which ASMase deficiency aggravates LPS-induced periodontitis, we analyzed sphingolipids in periodontal tissues. Results showed that ASMase deficiency led to increases in not only sphingomyelin, but also ceramide (CER), a bioactive sphingolipid known to promote inflammation. Results further showed that ASMase deficiency increased CER de novo synthesis. CONCLUSION ASMase deficiency exacerbated LPS-induced alveolar bone loss and periodontal inflammation. ASMase deficiency leads to an unexpected CER increase by stimulating de novo synthesis CER, which is likely to be involved in the ASMase deficiency-exacerbated periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Zhongyang Lu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Keith L Kirkwood
- Departments of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Yan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.,Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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21
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Mahib MR, Hosojima S, Kushiyama H, Kinoshita T, Shiroishi T, Suda T, Tsuchiya K. Caspase-7 mediates caspase-1-induced apoptosis independently of Bid. Microbiol Immunol 2019; 64:143-152. [PMID: 31687791 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are innate immune mechanisms that activate caspase-1 in response to a variety of stimuli, including Salmonella infection. Active caspase-1 has a potential to induce two different types of cell death, depending on the expression of the pyroptosis mediator gasdermin D (GSDMD); following caspase-1 activation, GSDMD-sufficient and GSDMD-null/low cells undergo pyroptosis and apoptosis, respectively. Although Bid, a caspase-1 substrate, plays a critical role in caspase-1 induction of apoptosis in GSDMD-null/low cells, an additional mechanism that mediates this cell death independently of Bid has also been suggested. This study investigated the Bid-independent pathway of caspase-1-induced apoptosis. Caspase-1 has been reported to process caspase-6 and caspase-7. Silencing of caspase-7, but not caspase-6, significantly reduced the activation of caspase-3 induced by caspase-1, which was activated by chemical dimerization, in GSDMD/Bid-deficient cells. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of caspase-7 had the same effect on the caspase-3 activation. Moreover, in the absence of GSDMD and Bid, caspase-7 depletion reduced apoptosis induced by caspase-1 activation. Caspase-7 was activated following caspase-1 activation independently of caspase-3, suggesting that caspase-7 acts downstream of caspase-1 and upstream of caspase-3. Salmonella induced the activation of caspase-3 in GSDMD-deficient macrophages, which relied partly on Bid and largely on caspase-1. The caspase-3 activation and apoptotic morphological changes seen in Salmonella-infected GSDMD/Bid-deficient macrophages were attenuated by caspase-7 knockdown. These results suggest that in addition to Bid, caspase-7 can also mediate caspase-1-induced apoptosis and provide mechanistic insights into inflammasome-associated cell death that is one major effector mechanism of inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamunur Rashid Mahib
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Shoko Hosojima
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kushiyama
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinoshita
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | - Takashi Suda
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Tsuchiya
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Institute for Frontier Science Initiative (InFiniti), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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22
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Moerke C, Jaco I, Dewitz C, Müller T, Jacobsen AV, Gautheron J, Fritsch J, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Günther C, Murphy JM, Kunzendorf U, Meier P, Krautwald S. The anticonvulsive Phenhydan ® suppresses extrinsic cell death. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1631-1645. [PMID: 30442947 PMCID: PMC6748113 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forms of regulated cell death-like apoptosis and necroptosis contribute to the pathophysiology of clinical conditions including ischemia-reperfusion injury, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and multiple sclerosis. In particular, the kinase activity of the receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is crucial for cell fate in inflammation and cell death. However, despite its involvement in pathological conditions, no pharmacologic inhibitor of RIPK1-mediated cell death is currently in clinical use. Herein, we screened a collection of clinical compounds to assess their ability to modulate RIPK1-mediated cell death. Our small-scale screen identified the anti-epilepsy drug Phenhydan® as a potent inhibitor of death receptor-induced necroptosis and apoptosis. Accordingly, Phenhydan® blocked activation of necrosome formation/activation as well as death receptor-induced NF-κB signaling by influencing the membrane function of cells, such as lipid raft formation, thus exerting an inhibitory effect on pathophysiologic cell death processes. By targeting death receptor signaling, the already FDA-approved Phenhydan® may provide new therapeutic strategies for inflammation-driven diseases caused by aberrant cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moerke
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Isabel Jaco
- Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christin Dewitz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tammo Müller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette V Jacobsen
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Jérémie Gautheron
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR_S 938, Inserm, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Hannover, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Günther
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James M Murphy
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ulrich Kunzendorf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Pascal Meier
- Toby Robins Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Stefan Krautwald
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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23
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Avota E, de Lira MN, Schneider-Schaulies S. Sphingomyelin Breakdown in T Cells: Role of Membrane Compartmentalization in T Cell Signaling and Interference by a Pathogen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31457008 PMCID: PMC6700246 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are major components of cellular membranes, and at steady-state level, their metabolic fluxes are tightly controlled. On challenge by external signals, they undergo rapid turnover, which substantially affects the biophysical properties of membrane lipid and protein compartments and, consequently, signaling and morphodynamics. In T cells, external cues translate into formation of membrane microdomains where proximal signaling platforms essential for metabolic reprograming and cytoskeletal reorganization are organized. This review will focus on sphingomyelinases, which mediate sphingomyelin breakdown and ensuing ceramide release that have been implicated in T-cell viability and function. Acting at the sphingomyelin pool at the extrafacial or cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, acid and neutral sphingomyelinases organize ceramide-enriched membrane microdomains that regulate T-cell homeostatic activity and, upon stimulation, compartmentalize receptors, membrane proximal signaling complexes, and cytoskeletal dynamics as essential for initiating T-cell motility and interaction with endothelia and antigen-presenting cells. Prominent examples to be discussed in this review include death receptor family members, integrins, CD3, and CD28 and their associated signalosomes. Progress made with regard to experimental tools has greatly aided our understanding of the role of bioactive sphingolipids in T-cell biology at a molecular level and of targets explored by a model pathogen (measles virus) to specifically interfere with their physiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elita Avota
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Nathalia de Lira
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Zingler P, Särchen V, Glatter T, Caning L, Saggau C, Kathayat RS, Dickinson BC, Adam D, Schneider-Brachert W, Schütze S, Fritsch J. Palmitoylation is required for TNF-R1 signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:90. [PMID: 31382980 PMCID: PMC6683503 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binding of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to TNF-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) can induce either cell survival or cell death. The selection between these diametrically opposed effects depends on the subcellular location of TNF-R1: plasma membrane retention leads to survival, while endocytosis leads to cell death. How the respective TNF-R1 associated signaling complexes are recruited to the distinct subcellular location is not known. Here, we identify palmitoylation of TNF-R1 as a molecular mechanism to achieve signal diversification. METHODS Human monocytic U937 cells were analyzed. Palmitoylated proteins were enriched by acyl resin assisted capture (AcylRAC) and analyzed by western blot and mass spectrometry. Palmitoylation of TNF-R1 was validated by metabolic labeling. TNF induced depalmitoylation and involvement of APT2 was analyzed by enzyme activity assays, pharmacological inhibition and shRNA mediated knock-down. TNF-R1 palmitoylation site analysis was done by mutated TNF-R1 expression in TNF-R1 knock-out cells. Apoptosis (nuclear DNA fragmentation, caspase 3 assays), NF-κB activation and TNF-R1 internalization were used as biological readouts. RESULTS We identify dynamic S-palmitoylation as a new mechanism that controls selective TNF signaling. TNF-R1 itself is constitutively palmitoylated and depalmitoylated upon ligand binding. We identified the palmitoyl thioesterase APT2 to be involved in TNF-R1 depalmitoylation and TNF induced NF-κB activation. Mutation of the putative palmitoylation site C248 interferes with TNF-R1 localization to the plasma membrane and thus, proper signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS Our results introduce palmitoylation as a new layer of dynamic regulation of TNF-R1 induced signal transduction at a very early step of the TNF induced signaling cascade. Understanding the underlying mechanism may allow novel therapeutic options for disease treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zingler
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo Glatter
- Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, MPI for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lotta Caning
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carina Saggau
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wulf Schneider-Brachert
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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25
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Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Zamyatnin AA. 'Patchiness' and basic cancer research: unravelling the proteases. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1687-1701. [PMID: 31213124 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1632639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent developments in Cathepsin protease research have unveiled a number of key observations which are fundamental to further our understanding of normal cellular homeostasis and disease. By far, the most interesting and promising area of Cathepsin biology stems from how these proteins are linked to the fate of living cells through the phenomenon of Lysosomal Leakage and Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilisation. While extracellular Cathepsins are generally believed to be of central importance in tumour progression, through their ability to modulate the architecture of the Extracellular Matrix, intracellular Cathepsins have been established as being of extreme significance in mediating cell death through Apoptosis. With these two juxtaposed key research areas in mind, the focus of this review highlights recent advancements in how this fast-paced area of Cathepsin research has recently evolved in the context of their mechanistic regulation in cancer research. Abbreviations : ECM, Extracellular Matrix; MMP, Matrix Metalloproteases; LL, Lysosomal Leakage; LMP, Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilisation; LMA, Lysosomorphic Agents; BC, Breast Cancer; ASM, Acid Sphingomyelinase; TNF-α, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; LAMP, Lysosomal Associated membrane Protein; PCD, Programmed Cell Death; PDAC, Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species; aa, amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- a Institute of Molecular Medicine , Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
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26
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Plöhn S, Edelmann B, Japtok L, He X, Hose M, Hansen W, Schuchman EH, Eckstein A, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. CD40 Enhances Sphingolipids in Orbital Fibroblasts: Potential Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in Inflammatory T-Cell Migration in Graves' Orbitopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5391-5397. [PMID: 30452592 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune orbital disorder associated with Graves' disease caused by thyrotropin receptor autoantibodies. Orbital fibroblasts (OFs) and CD40 play a key role in disease pathogenesis. The bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has been implicated in promoting adipogenesis, fibrosis, and inflammation in OFs. We investigated the role of CD40 signaling in inducing S1P activity in orbital inflammation. Methods OFs and T cells were derived from GO patients and healthy control (Ctl) persons. S1P abundance in orbital tissues was evaluated by immunofluorescence. OFs were stimulated with CD40 ligand and S1P levels were determined by ELISA. Further, activities of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), acid ceramidase, and sphingosine kinase were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography. Sphingosine and ceramide contents were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Finally, the role for S1P in T-cell attraction was investigated by T-cell migration assays. Results GO orbital tissue showed elevated amounts of S1P as compared to control samples. Stimulation of CD40 induced S1P expression in GO-derived OFs, while Ctl-OFs remained unaffected. A significant increase of ASM and sphingosine kinase activities, as well as lipid formation, was observed in GO-derived OFs. Migration assay of T cells in the presence of SphK inhibitor revealed that S1P released by GO-OFs attracted T cells for migration. Conclusions The results demonstrated that CD40 ligand stimulates GO fibroblast to produce S1P, which is a driving force for T-cell migration. The results support the use of S1P receptor signaling modulators in GO management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Plöhn
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department for Haematology and Oncology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Department of Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xingxuan He
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Matthias Hose
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hansen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Edward H Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Anja Eckstein
- Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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27
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Simonis A, Schubert-Unkmeir A. The role of acid sphingomyelinase and modulation of sphingolipid metabolism in bacterial infection. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1135-1146. [PMID: 29924727 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a key enzyme in sphingolipid metabolism that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide, thereby modulating membrane structures and signal transduction. Bacterial pathogens can manipulate ASM activity and function, and use host sphingolipids during multiple steps of their infection process. An increase in ceramides upon infection results in the formation of ceramide-enriched membrane platforms that serve to cluster receptor molecules and organize intracellular signaling molecules, thus facilitating bacterial uptake. In this review, we focus on how extracellular bacterial pathogens target ASM and modulate membrane properties and signaling pathways to gain entry into eukaryotic cells or induce cell death. We describe how intracellular pathogens interfere with the intralysosomal functions of ASM to favor replication and survival. In addition, bacteria utilize their own sphingomyelinases as virulence factors to modulate sphingolipid metabolism. The potential of ASM as a target for treating bacterial infections is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Simonis
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Schubert-Unkmeir
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Fritsch J, Tchikov V, Hennig L, Lucius R, Schütze S. A toolbox for the immunomagnetic purification of signaling organelles. Traffic 2019; 20:246-258. [PMID: 30569578 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis and the complex functions of organisms and cells rely on the sophisticated spatial and temporal regulation of signaling in different intra- and extracellular compartments and via different mediators. We here present a set of fast and easy to use protocols for the target-specific immunomagnetic enrichment of receptor containing endosomes (receptosomes), plasma membranes, lysosomes and exosomes. Isolation of subcellular organelles and exosomes is prerequisite for and will advance their detailed subsequent biochemical and functional analysis. Sequential application of the different subprotocols allows isolation of morphological and functional intact organelles from one pool of cells. The enrichment is based on a selective labelling using receptor ligands or antibodies together with superparamagnetic microbeads followed by separation in a patented matrix-free high-gradient magnetic purification device. This unique magnetic chamber is based on a focusing system outside of the empty separation column, generating an up to 3 T high-gradient magnetic field focused at the wall of the column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Tchikov
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lena Hennig
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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29
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Xia Y, Chen S, Zhu G, Huang R, Yin Y, Ren W. Betaine Inhibits Interleukin-1β Production and Release: Potential Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2670. [PMID: 30515160 PMCID: PMC6255979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Betaine is a critical nutrient for mammal health, and has been found to alleviate inflammation by lowering interleukin (IL)-1β secretion; however, the underlying mechanisms by which betaine inhibits IL-1β secretion remain to be uncovered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding about the mechanisms of betaine in IL-1β production and release. For IL-1β production, betaine affects canonical and non-canonical inflammasome-mediated processing of IL-1β through signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, NLRP3 and caspase-8/11. For IL-1β release, betaine inhibits IL-1β release through blocking the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing secretory lysosomes, reducing the shedding of IL-1β-containing plasma membrane microvesicles, suppressing the exocytosis of IL-1β-containing exosomes, and attenuating the passive efflux of IL-1β across hyperpermeable plasma membrane during pyroptotic cell death, which are associated with ERK1/2/PLA2 and caspase-8/A-SMase signaling pathways. Collectively, this review highlights the anti-inflammatory property of betaine by inhibiting the production and release of IL-1β, and indicates the potential application of betaine supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in various inflammatory diseases associating with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Health and Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,Academics Working Station at The First Affiliated Hospital, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoo Noses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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30
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Ceramide as a risk factor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Fam Med 2018. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.3.2018.146737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Perrotta C, Cervia D, Di Renzo I, Moscheni C, Bassi MT, Campana L, Martelli C, Catalani E, Giovarelli M, Zecchini S, Coazzoli M, Capobianco A, Ottobrini L, Lucignani G, Rosa P, Rovere-Querini P, De Palma C, Clementi E. Nitric Oxide Generated by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Is Responsible for Cancer Resistance to Cisplatin and Correlated With Syntaxin 4 and Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibition. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1186. [PMID: 29896202 PMCID: PMC5987706 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment is fundamental for cancer progression and chemoresistance. Among stromal cells tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the largest population of infiltrating inflammatory cells in malignant tumors, promoting their growth, invasion, and immune evasion. M2-polarized TAMs are endowed with the nitric oxide (NO)-generating enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). NO has divergent effects on tumors, since it can either stimulate tumor cells growth or promote their death depending on the source of it; likewise the role of iNOS in cancer differs depending on the cell type. The role of NO generated by TAMs has not been investigated. Using different tumor models in vitro and in vivo we found that NO generated by iNOS of M2-polarized TAMs is able to protect tumor cells from apoptosis induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (CDDP). Here, we demonstrate that the protective effect of NO depends on the inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), which is activated by CDDP in a pathway involving the death receptor CD95. Mechanistic insights indicate that NO actions occur via generation of cyclic GMP and activation of protein kinase G (PKG), inducing phosphorylation of syntaxin 4 (synt4), a SNARE protein responsible for A-SMase trafficking and activation. Noteworthy, phosphorylation of synt4 at serine 78 by PKG is responsible for the proteasome-dependent degradation of synt4, which limits the CDDP-induced exposure of A-SMase to the plasma membrane of tumor cells. This inhibits the cytotoxic mechanism of CDDP reducing A-SMase-triggered apoptosis. This is the first demonstration that endogenous NO system is a key mechanism through which TAMs protect tumor cells from chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. The identification of the pathway responsible for A-SMase activity downregulation in tumors leading to chemoresistance warrants further investigations as a means to identify new anti-cancer molecules capable of specifically inhibiting synt4 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Cervia
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ilaria Di Renzo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Moscheni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lara Campana
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Catalani
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovarelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Zecchini
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Coazzoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capobianco
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rosa
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine Pharmacology, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara De Palma
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Emilio Clementi
- "Eugenio Medea" Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital "L. Sacco"-ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, CNR-Institute of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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32
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Fritsch J, Fickers R, Klawitter J, Särchen V, Zingler P, Adam D, Janssen O, Krause E, Schütze S. TNF induced cleavage of HSP90 by cathepsin D potentiates apoptotic cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 7:75774-75789. [PMID: 27716614 PMCID: PMC5342777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During apoptosis induction by TNF, the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways converge at the lysosomal-mitochondrial interface. Earlier studies showed that the lysosomal aspartic protease Cathepsin D (CtsD) cleaves Bid to tBid, resulting in the amplification of the initial apoptotic cascade via mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). The goal of this study was to identify further targets for CtsD that might be involved in activation upon death receptor ligation. Using a proteomics screen, we identified the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to be cleaved by CtsD after stimulation of U937 or other cell lines with TNF, FasL and TRAIL. HSP90 cleavage corresponded to apoptosis sensitivity of the cell lines to the different stimuli. After mutation of the cleavage site, HSP90 partially prevented apoptosis induction in U937 and Jurkat cells. Overexpression of the cleavage fragments in U937 and Jurkat cells showed no effect on apoptosis, excluding a direct pro-apoptotic function of these fragments. Pharmacological inhibition of HSP90 with 17AAG boosted ligand mediated apoptosis by enhancing Bid cleavage and caspase-9 activation. Together, we demonstrated that HSP90 plays an anti-apoptotic role in death receptor signalling and that CtsD-mediated cleavage of HSP90 sensitizes cells for apoptosis. These findings identify HSP90 as a potential target for cancer therapy in combination with death ligands (e.g. TNF or TRAIL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ricarda Fickers
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jan Klawitter
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Zingler
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Eberhard Krause
- Leibniz Institute for Molecular Pharmacology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Albano F, Chiurazzi F, Mimmi S, Vecchio E, Pastore A, Cimmino C, Frieri C, Iaccino E, Pisano A, Golino G, Fiume G, Mallardo M, Scala G, Quinto I. The expression of inhibitor of bruton's tyrosine kinase gene is progressively up regulated in the clinical course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia conferring resistance to apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:13. [PMID: 29317636 PMCID: PMC5849039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is the most common B-cell malignancy with a variable clinical outcome. Biomarkers of CLL progression are required for optimising prognosis and therapy. The Inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase—isoform α (IBTKα) gene encodes a substrate receptor of Cullin 3-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, and promotes cell survival in response to the reticulum stress. Searching for novel markers of CLL progression, we analysed the expression of IBTKα in the peripheral blood B-cells of CLL patients, before and after first line therapy causing remission. The expression of IBTKα was significantly increased in disease progression, and decreased in remission after chemotherapy. Consistently with a pro-survival action, RNA interference of IBTKα increased the spontaneous and Fludarabine-induced apoptosis of MEC-1 CLL cells, and impaired the cell cycle of DeFew B-lymphoma cells by promoting the arrest in G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. Consistently, RNA interference of IBTKα up regulated the expression of pro-apoptotic genes, including TNF, CRADD, CASP7, BNIP3 and BIRC3. Our results indicate that IBTKα is a novel marker of CLL progression promoting cell growth and resistance to apoptosis. In this view, IBTKα may represent an attractive cancer drug target for counteracting the therapy-resistance of tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federico Chiurazzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Selena Mimmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arianna Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Cimmino
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Camilla Frieri
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Enrico Iaccino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gaetanina Golino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fiume
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Mallardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scala
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ileana Quinto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Becker KA, Fahsel B, Kemper H, Mayeres J, Li C, Wilker B, Keitsch S, Soddemann M, Sehl C, Kohnen M, Edwards MJ, Grassmé H, Caldwell CC, Seitz A, Fraunholz M, Gulbins E. Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin Disrupts Endothelial-Cell Tight Junctions via Acid Sphingomyelinase and Ceramide. Infect Immun 2018; 86:e00606-17. [PMID: 29084896 PMCID: PMC5736828 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00606-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are among the most common and severe infections, garnering notoriety in an era of increasing resistance to antibiotics. It is therefore important to define molecular mechanisms by which this pathogen attacks host cells. Here, we demonstrate that alpha-toxin, one of the major toxins of S. aureus, induces activation of acid sphingomyelinase and concomitant release of ceramide in endothelial cells treated with the toxin. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase by alpha-toxin is mediated via ADAM10. Infection experiments employing alpha-toxin-deficient S. aureus and the corresponding wild-type strain reveal that activation of acid sphingomyelinase in endothelial cells requires alpha-toxin expression by the pathogen. Activation of acid sphingomyelinase is linked to degradation of tight junctions in endothelial cells in vitro, which is blocked by pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase. Most importantly, alpha-toxin induces severe degradation of tight junctions in the lung and causes lung edema in vivo, which is prevented by genetic deficiency of acid sphingomyelinase. These data indicate a novel and important role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system for the endothelial response to toxins and provide a molecular link between alpha-toxin and the degradation of tight junctions. The data also suggest that inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase may provide a novel treatment option to prevent lung edema caused by S. aureus alpha-toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Cao Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Wilker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Simone Keitsch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Soddemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carolin Sehl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Michael J Edwards
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Charles C Caldwell
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Aaron Seitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Chair of Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical School, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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35
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Jia Y, Gan Y, He C, Chen Z, Zhou C. The mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 89:112-119. [PMID: 29174114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin lipids, compose of sebocyte-, keratinocyte-, and microbe- derived lipids, dramatically influence skin status by different mechanisms. (I) Physical chemistry function: They are "mortar" to establish the physico-chemical barrier function of skin; (II) Biochemistry function: They function as signals in the complex signaling network originating at the epidermal level; (III) Microecology function: Sebocyte- and keratinocyte-derived lipids vary the composition of microbial skin flora, and microorganisms metabolize them to produce lipids as signal starting signaling transduction. Importantly, further research needs lipidiomics, more powerful analytical ability and high-throughput manner, to identify skin lipid components into individual species. The validation of lipid structure and function to research the process that lipid species involved in. Additional, the integration of lipidomics data with other omics strategies can develop the power to study the mechanism of skin lipids influencing skin status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yao Gan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhou Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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36
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Fritsch J, Zingler P, Särchen V, Heck AL, Schütze S. Role of ubiquitination and proteolysis in the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic TNF-R1 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2138-2146. [PMID: 28765050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNF-R1) transmits various intracellular signaling cascades leading to diverse biological outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, survival to the induction of various forms of cell death (i.e. apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis). These signaling pathways have to be tightly regulated. Proteolysis is an important regulatory mechanism in TNF-R1 pro-apoptotic as well as anti-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory signaling. Some key players in these signaling cascades are known (mainly the caspase-family of proteases and a previously unrecognized "lysosomal death pathway" involving cathepsins), however the interaction of proteases in the regulation of TNF signaling is still enigmatic. Ubiquitination of proteins, both non-degradative degradative, which either results in proteolytic degradation of target substrates or regulates their biological function, represents another layer of regulation in this signaling cascade. We and others found out that the differences in signal quality depend on the localization of the receptors. Plasma membrane resident receptors activate survival signals, while endocytosed receptors can induce cell death. In this article we will review the role of ubiquitination and proteolysis in these diverse events focusing on our own contributions to the lysosomal apoptotic pathway linked to the subcellular compartmentalization of TNF-R1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Zingler
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Laura Heck
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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37
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Chang JL, Chow JM, Chang JH, Wen YC, Lin YW, Yang SF, Lee WJ, Chien MH. Quercetin simultaneously induces G 0 /G 1 -phase arrest and caspase-mediated crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in human leukemia HL-60 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1857-1868. [PMID: 28251795 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived bioflavonoid with high anticancer activity in various tumors. Herein, the molecular mechanisms by which quercetin exerts its anticancer effects against HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells were investigated. Results showed that quercetin suppressed cell proliferation in the HL-60 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin-induced G0 /G1 -phase arrest occurred when expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2/4 were inhibited and the CDK inhibitors, p16 and p21, were induced. Moreover, quercetin treatment not only activated proapoptotic signaling like poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 cleavage and caspase activation but also triggered autophagy events as shown by the increased expression of light chain 3 (LC3)-II, decreased expression of p62, and formation of acidic vesicular organelles. Interestingly, it was found that use of the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine, significantly enhanced quercetin-mediated apoptotic cell death as analyzed by MTS and DNA fragmentation assays. Moreover, pretreatment of HL-60 cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-fmk, dramatically reversed quercetin-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death. Although apoptosis and autophagy are two independent cell death pathways, our findings indicated that quercetin can activate caspases to trigger these two pathways, and both pathways played contrary roles in quercetin-mediated HL-60 cell death. In conclusion, besides promoting apoptosis, quercetin also induced cytoprotective autophagy in HL-60 cells, and inhibition of autophagy may be a novel strategy to enhance the anticancer activity of quercetin in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ming Chow
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Respiratory Therapy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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38
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Hermanns HM, Wohlfahrt J, Mais C, Hergovits S, Jahn D, Geier A. Endocytosis of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors and its relevance for signal transduction. Biol Chem 2017; 397:695-708. [PMID: 27071147 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are key players of the innate and adaptive immunity. Their activity needs to be tightly controlled to allow the initiation of an appropriate immune response as defense mechanism against pathogens or tissue injury. Excessive or sustained signaling of either of these cytokines leads to severe diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), steatohepatitis, periodic fevers and even cancer. Studies carried out in the last 30 years have emphasized that an elaborate control system for each of these cytokines exists. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the involvement of receptor endocytosis in the regulation of these pro-inflammatory cytokines' signaling cascades. Particularly in the last few years it was shown that this cellular process is far more than a mere feedback mechanism to clear cytokines from the circulation and to shut off their signal transduction.
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39
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Stephan M, Edelmann B, Winoto-Morbach S, Janssen O, Bertsch U, Perrotta C, Schütze S, Fritsch J. Role of caspases in CD95-induced biphasic activation of acid sphingomyelinase. Oncotarget 2017; 8:20067-20085. [PMID: 28223543 PMCID: PMC5386744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) plays an important role in the initiation of CD95 signaling by forming ceramide-enriched membrane domains that enable clustering and activation of the death receptors. In TNF-R1 and TRAIL-R1/R2 signaling, A-SMase also contributes to the lysosomal apoptosis pathway triggered by receptor internalization. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism of CD95-mediated A-SMase activation, demonstrating that A-SMase is located in internalized CD95-receptosomes and is activated by the CD95/CD95L complex in a biphasic manner.Since several caspases have been described to be involved in the activation of A-SMase, we evaluated expression levels of caspase-8, caspase-7 and caspase-3 in CD95-receptosomes. The occurrence of cleaved caspase-8 correlated with the first peak of A-SMase activity and translocation of the A-SMase to the cell surface which could be blocked by the caspase-8 inhibitor IETD.Inhibition of CD95-internalization selectively reduced the second phase of A-SMase activity, suggesting a fusion between internalized CD95-receptosomes and an intracellular vesicular pool of A-SMase. Further analysis demonstrated that caspase-7 activity correlates with the second phase of the A-SMase activity, whereas active caspase-3 is present at early and late internalization time points. Blocking caspases-7/ -3 by DEVD reduced the second phase of A-SMase activation in CD95-receptosomes suggesting the potential role of caspase-7 or -3 for late A-SMase activation.In summary, we describe a biphasic A-SMase activation in CD95-receptosomes indicating (I.) a caspase-8 dependent translocation of A-SMase to plasma membrane and (II.) a caspase-7 and/or -3 dependent fusion of internalized CD95-receptosomes with intracellular A-SMase-containing vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Stephan
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Ottmar Janssen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Uwe Bertsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cristiana Perrotta
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “Luigi Sacco” (DIBIC), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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40
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Endocytic regulation of cytokine receptor signaling. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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41
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Brefeldin A-Inhibited Guanine Nucleotide-Exchange Factor 1 (BIG1) Governs the Recruitment of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2) to Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) Signaling Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111869. [PMID: 27834853 PMCID: PMC5133869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) is a critical mediator of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling. However, the regulatory mechanisms of TRAF2 are not fully understood. Here we show evidence that TRAF2 requires brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange factor 1 (BIG1) to be recruited into TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) signaling complexes. In BIG1 knockdown cells, TNF-α-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was attenuated and the sensitivity to TNF-α-induced apoptosis was increased. Since these trends correlated well with those of TRAF2 deficient cells as previously demonstrated, we tested whether BIG1 functions as an upstream regulator of TRAF2 in TNFR1 signaling. As expected, we found that knockdown of BIG1 suppressed TNF-α-dependent ubiquitination of TRAF2 that is required for JNK activation, and impaired the recruitment of TRAF2 to the TNFR1 signaling complex (complex I). Moreover, we found that the recruitment of TRAF2 to the death-inducing signaling complex termed complex II was also impaired in BIG1 knockdown cells. These results suggest that BIG1 is a key component of the machinery that drives TRAF2 to the signaling complexes formed after TNFR1 activation. Thus, our data demonstrate a novel and unexpected function of BIG1 that regulates TNFR1 signaling by targeting TRAF2.
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42
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Tunable allosteric library of caspase-3 identifies coupling between conserved water molecules and conformational selection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6080-E6088. [PMID: 27681633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603549113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The native ensemble of caspases is described globally by a complex energy landscape where the binding of substrate selects for the active conformation, whereas targeting an allosteric site in the dimer interface selects an inactive conformation that contains disordered active-site loops. Mutations and posttranslational modifications stabilize high-energy inactive conformations, with mostly formed, but distorted, active sites. To examine the interconversion of active and inactive states in the ensemble, we used detection of related solvent positions to analyze 4,995 waters in 15 high-resolution (<2.0 Å) structures of wild-type caspase-3, resulting in 450 clusters with the most highly conserved set containing 145 water molecules. The data show that regions of the protein that contact the conserved waters also correspond to sites of posttranslational modifications, suggesting that the conserved waters are an integral part of allosteric mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we created a library of 19 caspase-3 variants through saturation mutagenesis in a single position of the allosteric site of the dimer interface, and we show that the enzyme activity varies by more than four orders of magnitude. Altogether, our database consists of 37 high-resolution structures of caspase-3 variants, and we demonstrate that the decrease in activity correlates with a loss of conserved water molecules. The data show that the activity of caspase-3 can be fine-tuned through globally desolvating the active conformation within the native ensemble, providing a mechanism for cells to repartition the ensemble and thus fine-tune activity through conformational selection.
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43
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Perrotta C, Cervia D, De Palma C, Assi E, Pellegrino P, Bassi MT, Clementi E. The emerging role of acid sphingomyelinase in autophagy. Apoptosis 2015; 20:635-44. [PMID: 25666706 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, the main intracellular process of cytoplasmic material degradation, is involved in cell survival and death. Autophagy is regulated at various levels and novel modulators of its function are being continuously identified. An intriguing recent observation is that among these modulators is the sphingolipid metabolising enzyme, Acid Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), already known to play a fundamental role in apoptotic cell death participating in several pathophysiological conditions. In this review we analyse and discuss the relationship between autophagy and A-SMase describing how A-SMase may regulate it and defining, for the first time, the existence of an A-SMase-autophagy axis. The imbalance of this axis plays a role in cancer, nervous system, cardiovascular, and hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Perrotta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco" (DIBIC), National Research Council-Institute of Neuroscience, University Hospital "Luigi Sacco", Università di Milano, 20157, Milan, Italy
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44
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Lysosomal ceramide generated by acid sphingomyelinase triggers cytosolic cathepsin B-mediated degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein in natural killer/T lymphoma cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1717. [PMID: 25855965 PMCID: PMC4650549 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that IL-2 deprivation induced acid sphingomyelinase-mediated (ASM-mediated) ceramide elevation and apoptosis in an NK/T lymphoma cell line KHYG-1. However, the molecular mechanism of ASM–ceramide-mediated apoptosis during IL-2 deprivation is poorly understood. Here, we showed that IL-2 deprivation induces caspase-dependent apoptosis characterized by phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-8, -9, and -3 cleavage, and degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). IL-2 re-supplementation rescued apoptosis via inhibition of XIAP degradation without affecting caspase cleavage. However, IL-2 deprivation induced ceramide elevation via ASM in lysosomes and activated lysosomal cathepsin B (CTSB) but not cathepsin D. A CTSB inhibitor CA-074 Me and knockdown of CTSB inhibited ceramide-mediated XIAP degradation and apoptosis. Inhibition of ceramide accumulation in lysosomes using an ASM inhibitor, desipramine, decreased cytosolic activation of CTSB by inhibiting its transfer into cytosol from the lysosome. Knockdown of ASM also inhibited XIAP degradation and apoptosis. Furthermore, cell permeable N-acetyl sphingosine (C2-ceramide), which increases mainly endogenous d18:1/16:0 and d18:1/24:1 ceramide-like IL-2 deprivation, induced caspase-dependent apoptosis with XIAP degradation through CTSB. These findings suggest that lysosomal ceramide produced by ASM mediates XIAP degradation by activation of cytosolic CTSB and caspase-dependent apoptosis. The ASM–ceramide–CTSB signaling axis is a novel pathway of ceramide-mediated apoptosis in IL-2-deprived NK/T lymphoma cells.
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Abstract
Lipid metabolism is regulated by multiple signaling pathways, and generates a variety of bioactive lipid molecules. These bioactive lipid molecules known as signaling molecules, such as fatty acid, eicosanoids, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, lysophophatidic acid, ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol-3 phosphate, and cholesterol, are involved in the activation or regulation of different signaling pathways. Lipid metabolism participates in the regulation of many cellular processes such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, inflammation, motility, membrane homeostasis, chemotherapy response, and drug resistance. Bioactive lipid molecules promote apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway by modulating mitochondrial membrane permeability and activating different enzymes including caspases. In this review, we discuss recent data in the fields of lipid metabolism, lipid-mediated apoptosis, and cancer therapy. In conclusion, understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism and the function of different lipid molecules could provide the basis for cancer cell death rationale, discover novel and potential targets, and develop new anticancer drugs for cancer therapy.
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Acid sphingomyelinase-ceramide system in steatohepatitis: a novel target regulating multiple pathways. J Hepatol 2015; 62:219-33. [PMID: 25281863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Steatohepatitis (SH) is an intermediate stage of fatty liver disease and is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide that may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. SH encompasses alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, the latter being of particular concern as it is associated with obesity and insulin resistance and has become a major cause of liver transplantation. The molecular mechanisms governing the transition from steatosis to SH are not fully understood. Here we discuss emerging data indicating that the acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), a specific mechanism of ceramide generation, is required for the activation of key pathways that regulate steatosis, fibrosis and lipotoxicity, including endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Moreover, ASMase modulates alterations of the methionine cycle and phosphatidylcholine homeostasis, two crucial events involved in SH that regulate methylation reactions, antioxidant defence and membrane integrity. These new findings suggest that targeting ASMase in combination with restoring methionine metabolism and phosphatidylcholine levels may be of utility in the treatment of SH.
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Kott M, Elke G, Reinicke M, Winoto-Morbach S, Schädler D, Zick G, Frerichs I, Weiler N, Schütze S. Acid sphingomyelinase serum activity predicts mortality in intensive care unit patients after systemic inflammation: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112323. [PMID: 25384060 PMCID: PMC4226549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Acid sphingomyelinase is involved in lipid signalling pathways and regulation of apoptosis by the generation of ceramide and plays an important role during the host response to infectious stimuli. It thus has the potential to be used as a novel diagnostic marker in the management of critically ill patients. The objective of our study was to evaluate acid sphingomyelinase serum activity (ASM) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in a mixed intensive care unit population before, during, and after systemic inflammation. Methods 40 patients admitted to the intensive care unit at risk for developing systemic inflammation (defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome plus a significant procalcitonin [PCT] increase) were included. ASM was analysed on ICU admission, before (PCTbefore), during (PCTpeak) and after (PCTlow) onset of SIRS. Patients undergoing elective surgery served as control (N = 8). Receiver-operating characteristics curves were computed. Results ASM significantly increased after surgery in the eight control patients. Patients from the intensive care unit had significantly higher ASM on admission than control patients after surgery. 19 out of 40 patients admitted to the intensive care unit developed systemic inflammation and 21 did not, with no differences in ASM between these two groups on admission. In patients with SIRS and PCT peak, ASM between admission and PCTbefore was not different, but further increased at PCTpeak in non-survivors and was significantly higher at PCTlow compared to survivors. Survivors exhibited decreased ASM at PCTpeak and PCTlow. Receiver operating curve analysis on discrimination of ICU mortality showed an area under the curve of 0.79 for ASM at PCTlow. Conclusions In summary, ASM was generally higher in patients admitted to the intensive care unit compared to patients undergoing uncomplicated surgery. ASM did not indicate onset of systemic inflammation. In contrast to PCT however, it remained high in non-surviving ICU patients after systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Kott
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunnar Elke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maike Reinicke
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Supandi Winoto-Morbach
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Schädler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Günther Zick
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inéz Frerichs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Weiler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Beckmann N, Sharma D, Gulbins E, Becker KA, Edelmann B. Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase by tricyclic antidepressants and analogons. Front Physiol 2014; 5:331. [PMID: 25228885 PMCID: PMC4151525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, has been used in the clinic to treat a number of disorders, in particular major depression and neuropathic pain. In the 1970s the ability of tricyclic antidepressants to inhibit acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) was discovered. The enzyme ASM catalyzes the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to ceramide. ASM and ceramide were shown to play a crucial role in a wide range of diseases, including cancer, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and major depression, as well as viral (e.g., measles virus) and bacterial (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) infections. Ceramide molecules may act in these diseases by the alteration of membrane biophysics, the self-association of ceramide molecules within the cell membrane and the ultimate formation of larger ceramide-enriched membrane domains/platforms. These domains were shown to serve the clustering of certain receptors such as CD95 and may also act in the above named diseases. The potential to block the generation of ceramide by inhibiting the ASM has opened up new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of these conditions. Since amitriptyline is one of the longest used clinical drugs and side effects are well studied, it could potentially become a cheap and easily accessible medication for patients suffering from these diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of current in vitro and in vivo studies and clinical trials utilizing amitriptyline to inhibit ASM and contemplate possible future applications of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
| | - Bärbel Edelmann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Essen, Germany
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Cell fate decisions regulated by K63 ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3214-28. [PMID: 24980434 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00048-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 (TNF-R1), a prototypic member of the death receptor family, mediates pleiotropic biological outcomes ranging from inflammation and cell proliferation to cell death. Although many elements of specific signaling pathways have been identified, the main question of how these selective cell fate decisions are regulated is still unresolved. Here we identified TNF-induced K63 ubiquitination of TNF-R1 mediated by the ubiquitin ligase RNF8 as an early molecular checkpoint in the regulation of the decision between cell death and survival. Downmodulation of RNF8 prevented the ubiquitination of TNF-R1, blocked the internalization of the receptor, prevented the recruitment of the death-inducing signaling complex and the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3/7, and reduced apoptotic cell death. Conversely, recruitment of the adaptor proteins TRADD, TRAF2, and RIP1 to TNF-R1, as well as activation of NF-κB, was unimpeded and cell growth and proliferation were significantly enhanced in RNF8-deficient cells. Thus, K63 ubiquitination of TNF-R1 can be sensed as a new level of regulation of TNF-R1 signaling at the earliest stage after ligand binding.
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Kornhuber J, Müller CP, Becker KA, Reichel M, Gulbins E. The ceramide system as a novel antidepressant target. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:293-304. [PMID: 24793541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Major depression is a systems disorder which impairs not only central nervous system aspects of mood and behavior but also peripheral organ systems. Current views on the pathogenesis and treatment of depression are predominantly based on proteins and transmitters and thus are difficult to reconcile central with peripheral pathomechanisms. Recent research showed that there is also a lipid-based pathway involved in the pathology of depression, which is activated by psychosocial stress, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Inducible dysfunction of the ceramide pathway, which is abundant in the brain as well as in peripheral organs, may account for mood disorder, behavioral symptoms, and further promote inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral systems. As such, the lipid ceramide pathway may provide the missing link between brain dysfunction and somatic symptoms of depression. Pharmacological interventions that reduce ceramide abundance also show antidepressant action and may promise a better treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Anne Becker
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Reichel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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