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Reppe S, Gundersen S, Sandve GK, Wang Y, Andreassen OA, Medina-Gomez C, Rivadeneira F, Utheim TP, Hovig E, Gautvik KM. Identification of Transcripts with Shared Roles in the Pathogenesis of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5554. [PMID: 38791593 PMCID: PMC11121938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests existing comorbidity between postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but identification of possible shared genes is lacking. The skeletal global transcriptomes were analyzed in trans-iliac bone biopsies (n = 84) from clinically well-characterized postmenopausal women (50 to 86 years) without clinical CVD using microchips and RNA sequencing. One thousand transcripts highly correlated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were further analyzed using bioinformatics, and common genes overlapping with CVD and associated biological mechanisms, pathways and functions were identified. Fifty genes (45 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs) were discovered with established roles in oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endothelial function, fibrosis, dyslipidemia and osteoblastogenesis/calcification. These pleiotropic genes with possible CVD comorbidity functions were also present in transcriptomes of microvascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes and were differentially expressed between healthy and osteoporotic women with fragility fractures. The results were supported by a genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate approach identifying any overlap in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within several genes encoding aBMD- and CVD-associated transcripts. The study provides transcriptional and genomic evidence for genes of importance for both BMD regulation and CVD risk in a large collection of postmenopausal bone biopsies. Most of the transcripts identified in the CVD risk categories have no previously recognized roles in OP pathogenesis and provide novel avenues for exploring the mechanistic basis for the biological association between CVD and OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjur Reppe
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sveinung Gundersen
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir K. Sandve
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; (G.K.S.)
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway; (Y.W.); (O.A.A.)
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.M.-G.); (F.R.)
| | - Tor P. Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway; (G.K.S.)
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaare M. Gautvik
- Unger-Vetlesen Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, 0440 Oslo, Norway
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2
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Miyamura Y, Kamei S, Matsuo M, Yamazaki M, Usuki S, Yasunaga K, Uemura A, Satou Y, Ohguchi H, Minami T. FOXO1 stimulates tip cell-enriched gene expression in endothelial cells. iScience 2024; 27:109161. [PMID: 38444610 PMCID: PMC10914484 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FOXO) family proteins are expressed in various cells, and play crucial roles in cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and aging. FOXO1-null mice exhibit embryonic lethality due to impaired endothelial cell (EC) maturation and vascular remodeling. However, FOXO1-mediated genome-wide regulation in ECs remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that VEGF dynamically regulates FOXO1 cytosol-nucleus translocation. FOXO1 re-localizes to the nucleus via PP2A phosphatase. RNA-seq combined with FOXO1 overexpression/knockdown in ECs demonstrated that FOXO1 governs the VEGF-responsive tip cell-enriched genes, and further inhibits DLL4-NOTCH signaling. Endogenous FOXO1 ChIP-seq revealed that FOXO1 binds to the EC-unique tip-enriched genes with co-enrichment of EC master regulators, and the condensed chromatin region as a pioneer factor. We identified new promoter/enhancer regions of the VEGF-responsive tip cell genes regulated by FOXO1: ESM1 and ANGPT2. This is the first study to identify cell type-specific FOXO1 functions, including VEGF-mediated tip cell definition in primary cultured ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miyamura
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kamei
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaya Yamazaki
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Usuki
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yasunaga
- Liaison Laboratory Research Promotion Center, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- Division of Genomics and Transcriptomics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Divison of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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3
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Payne S, Neal A, De Val S. Transcription factors regulating vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Dev Dyn 2024; 253:28-58. [PMID: 36795082 PMCID: PMC10952167 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in regulating the dynamic and precise patterns of gene expression required for the initial specification of endothelial cells (ECs), and during endothelial growth and differentiation. While sharing many core features, ECs can be highly heterogeneous. Differential gene expression between ECs is essential to pattern the hierarchical vascular network into arteries, veins and capillaries, to drive angiogenic growth of new vessels, and to direct specialization in response to local signals. Unlike many other cell types, ECs have no single master regulator, instead relying on differing combinations of a necessarily limited repertoire of TFs to achieve tight spatial and temporal activation and repression of gene expression. Here, we will discuss the cohort of TFs known to be involved in directing gene expression during different stages of mammalian vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, with a primary focus on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Payne
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alice Neal
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sarah De Val
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and GeneticsInstitute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of OxfordOxfordUK
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4
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Zhang J, Zhang S, Xu S, Zhu Z, Li J, Wang Z, Wada Y, Gatt A, Liu J. Oxidative Stress Induces E-Selectin Expression through Repression of Endothelial Transcription Factor ERG. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1835-1843. [PMID: 37930129 PMCID: PMC10694031 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces a prothrombotic state through enhancement of adhesion properties of the endothelium. E-selectin, an endothelial cell adhesion molecule, becomes a therapeutic target for venous thrombosis, whereas the regulatory mechanisms of its expression have not been fully understood. In the present study, we report that H2O2 treatment increases expression of E-selectin but decreases expression of the endothelial transcription factor ETS-related gene (ERG) in HUVECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In BALB/c mice treated with hypochlorous acid, E-selectin expression is increased and ERG expression is decreased in endothelial cells of the brain and lung. RNA interference of ERG upregulates E-selectin expression, whereas transfection of ERG-expressing plasmid downregulates E-selectin expression in HUVECs. Knockdown or overexpression of ERG comprises H2O2-induced E-selectin expression in HUVECs. Deletion of the Erg gene in mice results in embryonic lethality at embryonic days 10.5-12.5, and E-selectin expression is increased in the Erg-/- embryos. No chromatin loop was found on the E-selectin gene or its promoter region by capture high-throughput chromosome conformation capture. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assay determined that the -127 ERG binding motif mediates ERG-repressed E-selectin promoter activity. In addition, ERG decreases H2O2-induced monocyte adhesion. Together, ERG represses the E-selectin gene transcription and inhibits oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shanhu Xu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Zhu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zengjin Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Gatt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Tal-Qroqq, Msida, Malta
- Hematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Ju Liu
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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5
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Xiang G, Huang L, Zhang X, Wang N, Wang H, Mu Y, Li K, Liu Z. Molecular Characteristics and Promoter Analysis of Porcine COL1A1. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1971. [PMID: 36360208 PMCID: PMC9689670 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
COL1A1 encodes the type I collagen α1 chain, which shows the highest abundance among members of the collagen family and is widely expressed in different mammalian cells and tissues. However, its molecular characteristics are not completely elucidated. In this study, the molecular profiles of COL1A1 and characteristics of the COL1A1 protein were investigated using a promoter activity assay and multiple bioinformatics tools. The results showed that the 5' flanking region of porcine COL1A1 contained two CpG islands, five core promoter sequences, and twenty-six transcription factor-binding sites. In the luciferase assay, the upstream 294 bp region of the initiation codon of COL1A1 showed the highest activity, confirming that this section is the core region of the porcine COL1A1 promoter. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that COL1A1 is a negatively charged, hydrophilic secreted protein. It does not contain a transmembrane domain and is highly conserved in humans, mice, sheep, and pigs. Protein interaction analysis demonstrated that the interaction coefficient of COL1A1 with COL1A2, COL3A1, ITGB1, and ITGA2 was greater than 0.9, suggesting that this protein plays a crucial role in collagen structure formation and cell adhesion. These results provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the functions of porcine COL1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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6
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Onoda N, Kawabata A, Hasegawa K, Sakakura M, Urakawa I, Seki M, Zenkoh J, Suzuki A, Suzuki Y. Spatial and single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals changes in gene expression in response to drug perturbation in rat kidney. DNA Res 2022; 29:dsac007. [PMID: 35325072 PMCID: PMC9014450 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a complex organ that consists of various types of cells. It is occasionally difficult to resolve molecular alterations and possible perturbations that the kidney experiences due to drug-induced damage. In this study, we performed spatial and single-cell transcriptome analysis of rat kidneys and constructed a precise rat renal cell atlas with spatial information. Using the constructed catalogue, we were able to characterize cells of several minor populations, such as macula densa or juxtaglomerular cells. Further inspection of the spatial gene expression data allowed us to identify the upregulation of genes involved in the renin regulating pathway in losartan-treated populations. Losartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist drug, and the observed upregulation of the renin pathway-related genes could be due to feedback from the hypotensive action of the drug. Furthermore, we found spatial heterogeneity in the response to losartan among the glomeruli. These results collectively indicate that integrated single-cell and spatial gene expression analysis is a powerful approach to reveal the detailed associations between the different cell types spanning the complicated renal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Onoda
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawabata
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Kumi Hasegawa
- Biomedical Science Research Laboratories 1, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Megumi Sakakura
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Itaru Urakawa
- Research Core Function Laboratories, Research Unit, R&D Division, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-8533, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Junko Zenkoh
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Ayako Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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7
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Ricci L, Salmon B, Olivier C, Andreoni-Pham R, Chaurasia A, Alié A, Tiozzo S. The Onset of Whole-Body Regeneration in Botryllus schlosseri: Morphological and Molecular Characterization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:843775. [PMID: 35237607 PMCID: PMC8882763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.843775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonial tunicates are the only chordates that regularly regenerate a fully functional whole body as part of their asexual life cycle, starting from specific epithelia and/or mesenchymal cells. In addition, in some species, whole-body regeneration (WBR) can also be triggered by extensive injuries, which deplete most of their tissues and organs and leave behind only small fragments of their body. In this manuscript, we characterized the onset of WBR in Botryllus schlosseri, one colonial tunicate long used as a laboratory model. We first analyzed the transcriptomic response to a WBR-triggering injury. Then, through morphological characterization, in vivo observations via time-lapse, vital dyes, and cell transplant assays, we started to reconstruct the dynamics of the cells triggering regeneration, highlighting an interplay between mesenchymal and epithelial cells. The dynamics described here suggest that WBR in B. schlosseri is initiated by extravascular tissue fragments derived from the injured individuals rather than particular populations of blood-borne cells, as has been described in closely related species. The morphological and molecular datasets here reported provide the background for future mechanistic studies of the WBR ontogenesis in B. schlosseri and allow to compare it with other regenerative processes occurring in other tunicate species and possibly independently evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Bastien Salmon
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Olivier
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Rita Andreoni-Pham
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN), CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Ankita Chaurasia
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Alié
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), CNRS, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Stefano Tiozzo,
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8
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Kanki Y, Muramatsu M, Miyamura Y, Kikuchi K, Higashijima Y, Nakaki R, Suehiro JI, Sasaki Y, Kubota Y, Koseki H, Morioka H, Kodama T, Nakao M, Kurotaki D, Aburatani H, Minami T. Bivalent-histone-marked immediate-early gene regulation is vital for VEGF-responsive angiogenesis. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110332. [PMID: 35139389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are phenotypically heterogeneous, mainly due to their dynamic response to the tissue microenvironment. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), the best-known angiogenic factor, activates calcium-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling following acute angiogenic gene transcription. Here, we evaluate the global mapping of VEGF-mediated dynamic transcriptional events, focusing on major histone-code profiles using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Remarkably, the gene loci of immediate-early angiogenic transcription factors (TFs) exclusively acquire bivalent H3K4me3-H3K27me3 double-positive histone marks after the VEGF stimulus. Moreover, NFAT-associated Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein (PTIP) directs bivalently marked TF genes transcription through a limited polymerase II running. The non-canonical polycomb1 variant PRC1.3 specifically binds to and allows the transactivation of PRC2-enriched bivalent angiogenic TFs until conventional PRC1-mediated gene silencing is achieved. Knockdown of these genes abrogates post-natal aberrant neovessel formation via the selective inhibition of indispensable bivalent angiogenic TF gene transcription. Collectively, the reported dynamic histone mark landscape may uncover the importance of immediate-early genes and the development of advanced anti-angiogenic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaragi 305-8574, Japan
| | - Masashi Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yuri Miyamura
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suehiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Sasaki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- Department of Anatomy, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratories of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morioka
- Department of Life Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Division of Systems Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Departments of Medical Cell Biology, IMEG, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Laboratory of Chromatin Organization in Immune Cell Development, IRCMS, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Science, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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Rodriguez EA. GATA2 promotes human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via mitofusin2- mediated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. New target in vascular medicine. Int J Cardiol 2022; 353:86-87. [PMID: 35120945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Alfonso Rodriguez
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana, Cuba.
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10
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Soukup AA, Matson DR, Liu P, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Conditionally pathogenic genetic variants of a hematopoietic disease-suppressing enhancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk3521. [PMID: 34890222 PMCID: PMC8664263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variants are classified on the basis of potential pathogenicity to guide clinical decisions. However, mechanistic uncertainties often preclude definitive categorization. Germline coding and enhancer variants within the hematopoietic regulator GATA2 create a bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition. The conserved murine enhancer promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genesis, and a single-nucleotide human variant in an Ets motif attenuates chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic regeneration. We describe “conditionally pathogenic” (CP) enhancer motif variants that differentially affect hematopoietic development and regeneration. The Ets motif variant functioned autonomously in hematopoietic cells to disrupt hematopoiesis. Because an epigenetically silenced normal allele can exacerbate phenotypes of a pathogenic heterozygous variant, we engineered a bone marrow failure model harboring the Ets motif variant and a severe enhancer mutation on the second allele. Despite normal developmental hematopoiesis, regeneration in response to chemotherapy, inflammation, and a therapeutic HSC mobilizer was compromised. The CP paradigm informs mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel R. Matson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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11
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Kumar S. SWI/SNF (BAF) complexes: From framework to a functional role in endothelial mechanotransduction. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:171-198. [PMID: 34696885 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are constantly subjected to an array of mechanical cues, especially shear stress, due to their luminal placement in the blood vessels. Blood flow can regulate various aspects of endothelial biology and pathophysiology by regulating the endothelial processes at the transcriptomic, proteomic, miRNomic, metabolomics, and epigenomic levels. ECs sense, respond, and adapt to altered blood flow patterns and shear profiles by specialized mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, resulting in qualitative and quantitative differences in their gene expression. Chromatin-regulatory proteins can regulate transcriptional activation by modifying the organization of nucleosomes at promoters, enhancers, silencers, insulators, and locus control regions. Recent research efforts have illustrated that SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) or BRG1/BRM-associated factor (BAF) complex regulates DNA accessibility and chromatin structure. Since the discovery, the gene-regulatory mechanisms of the BAF complex associated with chromatin remodeling have been intensively studied to investigate its role in diverse disease phenotypes. Thus far, it is evident that (1) the SWI/SNF complex broadly regulates the activity of transcriptional enhancers to control lineage-specific differentiation and (2) mutations in the BAF complex proteins lead to developmental disorders and cancers. It is unclear if blood flow can modulate the activity of SWI/SNF complex to regulate EC differentiation and reprogramming. This review emphasizes the integrative role of SWI/SNF complex from a structural and functional standpoint with a special reference to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The review also highlights how regulation of this complex by blood flow can lead to the discovery of new therapeutic interventions for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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12
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Takai J, Shimada T, Nakamura T, Engel JD, Moriguchi T. Gata2 heterozygous mutant mice exhibit reduced inflammatory responses and impaired bacterial clearance. iScience 2021; 24:102836. [PMID: 34471858 PMCID: PMC8390858 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases continually pose global medical challenges. The transcription factor GATA2 establishes gene networks and defines cellular identity in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and in progeny committed to specific lineages. GATA2-haploinsufficient patients exhibit a spectrum of immunodeficiencies associated with bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Despite accumulating clinical knowledge of the consequences of GATA2 haploinsufficiency in humans, it is unclear how GATA2 haploinsufficiency compromises host anti-infectious defenses. To address this issue, we examined Gata2-heterozygous mutant (G2 Het) mice as a model for human GATA2 haploinsufficiency. In vivo inflammation imaging and cytokine multiplex analysis demonstrated that G2 Het mice had attenuated inflammatory responses with reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, particularly IFN-γ, IL-12p40, and IL-17A, during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation. Consequently, bacterial clearance was significantly impaired in G2 Het mice after cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial peritonitis. These results provide direct molecular insights into GATA2-directed host defenses and the pathogenic mechanisms underlying observed immunodeficiencies in GATA2-haploinsufficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Takai
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Tadaho Nakamura
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - James Douglas Engel
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Takashi Moriguchi
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
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13
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Higashijima Y, Kanki Y. Potential roles of super enhancers in inflammatory gene transcription. FEBS J 2021; 289:5762-5775. [PMID: 34173323 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammation is a basic pathological event that contributes to atherosclerosis, cancer, infectious diseases, and immune disorders. Inflammation is an adaptive process to both external and internal stimuli experienced by the human body. Although the mechanism of gene transcription is highly complicated and orchestrated in a timely and spatial manner, recent developments in next-generation sequencing, genome-editing, cryo-electron microscopy, and single cell-based technologies could provide us with insights into the roles of super enhancers (SEs). Initially, SEs were implicated in determining cell fate; subsequent studies have clarified that SEs are associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent technological advances have unveiled the molecular mechanisms of SEs, which involve epigenetic histone modifications, chromatin three-dimensional structures, and phase-separated condensates. In this review, we discuss the relationship between inflammation and SEs and the therapeutic potential of SEs for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Laboratory/Sports Medicine, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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14
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Fu YK, Tan Y, Wu B, Dai YT, Xu XG, Pan MM, Chen ZW, Qiao N, Wu J, Jiang L, Lu J, Chen B, Rein A, Izraeli S, Sun XJ, Huang JY, Huang QH, Chen Z, Chen SJ. Gata2-L359V impairs primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and blocks cell differentiation in murine chronic myelogenous leukemia model. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:568. [PMID: 34078881 PMCID: PMC8173010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GATA2, a key transcription factor in hematopoiesis, is frequently mutated in hematopoietic malignancies. How the GATA2 mutants contribute to hematopoiesis and malignant transformation remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that Gata2-L359V mutation impeded hematopoietic differentiation in murine embryonic and adult hematopoiesis and blocked murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell differentiation. We established a Gata2-L359V knockin mouse model in which the homozygous Gata2-L359V mutation caused major defects in primitive erythropoiesis with an accumulation of erythroid precursors and severe anemia, leading to embryonic lethality around E11.5. During adult life, the Gata2-L359V heterozygous mice exhibited a notable decrease in bone marrow (BM) recovery under stress induction with cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil. Using RNA sequencing, it was revealed that homozygous Gata2-L359V suppressed genes related to embryonic hematopoiesis in yolk sac, while heterozygous Gata2-L359V dysregulated genes related to cell cycle and proliferation in BM Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ cells. Furthermore, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transactivation experiments, we found that this mutation enhanced the DNA-binding capacity and transcriptional activities of Gata2, which was likely associated with the altered expression of some essential genes during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. In mice model harboring BCR/ABL, single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrated that Gata2-L359V induced additional gene expression profile abnormalities and partially affected cell differentiation at the early stage of myelomonocytic lineage, evidenced by the increase of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and monocytosis. Taken together, our study unveiled that Gata2-L359V mutation induces defective hematopoietic development and blocks the differentiation of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kai Fu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.415869.7Present Address: Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Dai
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Xu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Meng Pan
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niu Qiao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Avigail Rein
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Izraeli
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Huang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Huang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Zhang G, Yang X, Gao R. Research progress on the structure and function of endomucin. Animal Model Exp Med 2020; 3:325-329. [PMID: 33532708 PMCID: PMC7824966 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomucin is a type I integral membrane glycoprotein, which is expressed in venous and capillary endothelial cells. It consists of 261 amino acids with an extracellular domain that is highly O-glycosylated at serine and threonine residues and has several potential N-glycosylation sites. Endomucin plays an important role in biological processes such as cell interaction, molecular cell signaling, angiogenesis and cell migration, and in recent years it has also been identified as an anti-adhesion molecule and a marker of endothelial cells. While it has been shown to be involved in a number of physiological and pathological mechanisms, many of its functions remain unknown, and further study is needed. This article reviews research progress on the function of endomucin to date, in order to provide guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (National Health and Family Planning Commission)Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine CentrePeking Union Medical Collage (PUMC)BeijingPR China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (National Health and Family Planning Commission)Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine CentrePeking Union Medical Collage (PUMC)BeijingPR China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine (National Health and Family Planning Commission)Institute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine CentrePeking Union Medical Collage (PUMC)BeijingPR China
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16
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Lysine demethylase 7a regulates murine anterior-posterior development by modulating the transcription of Hox gene cluster. Commun Biol 2020; 3:725. [PMID: 33257809 PMCID: PMC7704666 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal and spatial colinear expression of the Hox genes determines the specification of positional identities during vertebrate development. Post-translational modifications of histones contribute to transcriptional regulation. Lysine demethylase 7A (Kdm7a) demethylates lysine 9 or 27 di-methylation of histone H3 (H3K9me2, H3K27me2) and participates in the transcriptional activation of developmental genes. However, the role of Kdm7a during mouse embryonic development remains to be elucidated. Herein, we show that Kdm7a−/− mouse exhibits an anterior homeotic transformation of the axial skeleton, including an increased number of presacral elements. Importantly, posterior Hox genes (caudally from Hox9) are specifically downregulated in the Kdm7a−/− embryo, which correlates with increased levels of H3K9me2, not H3K27me2. These observations suggest that Kdm7a controls the transcription of posterior Hox genes, likely via its demethylating activity, and thereby regulating the murine anterior-posterior development. Such epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may be harnessed for proper control of coordinate body patterning in vertebrates. Higashijima et al show that mice lacking the Kdm7a demethylase exhibits anterior homeotic transformation of the axial skeleton and downregulation of posterior Hox gene transcription and these changes are associated with increased H3K9me2 at posterior Hox loci. These findings provide insights into the epigenetic control of Hox-mediated patterning in embryogenesis.
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17
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Kuroda G, Sasaki S, Matsushita A, Ohba K, Sakai Y, Shinkai S, Nakamura HM, Yamagishi S, Sato K, Hirahara N, Oki Y, Ito M, Suzuki T, Suda T. G ATA2 mediates the negative regulation of the prepro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene by liganded T3 receptor β2 in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242380. [PMID: 33201916 PMCID: PMC7671546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (T3) inhibits thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) synthesis in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Although the T3 receptor (TR) β2 is known to mediate the negative regulation of the prepro-TRH gene, its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Our previous studies on the T3-dependent negative regulation of the thyrotropin β subunit (TSHβ) gene suggest that there is a tethering mechanism, whereby liganded TRβ2 interferes with the function of the transcription factor, GATA2, a critical activator of the TSHβ gene. Interestingly, the transcription factors Sim1 and Arnt2, the determinants of PVN differentiation in the hypothalamus, are reported to induce expression of TRβ2 and GATA2 in cultured neuronal cells. Here, we confirmed the expression of the GATA2 protein in the TRH neuron of the rat PVN using immunohistochemistry with an anti-GATA2 antibody. According to an experimental study from transgenic mice, a region of the rat prepro-TRH promoter from nt. -547 to nt. +84 was able to mediate its expression in the PVN. We constructed a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene containing this promoter sequence (rTRH(547)-CAT) and showed that GATA2 activated the promoter in monkey kidney-derived CV1 cells. Deletion and mutation analyses identified a functional GATA-responsive element (GATA-RE) between nt. -357 and nt. -352. When TRβ2 was co-expressed, T3 reduced GATA2-dependent promoter activity to approximately 30%. Unexpectedly, T3-dependent negative regulation was maintained after mutation of the reported negative T3-responsive element, site 4. T3 also inhibited the GATA2-dependent transcription enhanced by cAMP agonist, 8-bromo-cAMP. A rat thyroid medullary carcinoma cell line, CA77, is known to express the preproTRH mRNA. Using a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay with this cell line where GATA2 expression plasmid was transfected, we observed the recognition of the GATA-RE by GATA2. We also confirmed GATA2 binding using gel shift assay with the probe for the GATA-RE. In CA77 cells, the activity of rTRH(547)-CAT was potentiated by overexpression of GATA2, and it was inhibited in a T3-dependent manner. These results suggest that GATA2 transactivates the rat prepro-TRH gene and that liganded TRβ2 interferes with this activation via a tethering mechanism as in the case of the TSHβ gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Kuroda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Sasaki
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akio Matsushita
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohba
- Medical Education Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Sakai
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Shinkai
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Misawa Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoru Yamagishi
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Organ and Tissue Anatomy, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Naoko Hirahara
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Oki
- Department of Internal medicine, Hamamatsu Kita Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Suzuki
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
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18
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Gramlich OW, Brown AJ, Godwin CR, Chimenti MS, Boland LK, Ankrum JA, Kardon RH. Systemic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment Mitigates Structural and Functional Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:16. [PMID: 32855863 PMCID: PMC7422913 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.8.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy efficacy on rescuing the visual system in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) and to provide new mechanistic insights. Methods EAE was induced in female C57BL6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35–55, complete Freund's adjuvant, and pertussis toxin. The findings were compared to sham-immunized mice. Half of the EAE mice received intraperitoneally delivered stem cells (EAE + MSC). Clinical progression was monitored according to a five-point EAE scoring scheme. Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were measured 32 days after induction. Retinas were harvested to determine retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density and prepared for RNA-sequencing. Results EAE animals that received MSC treatment seven days after EAE induction showed significantly lower motor-sensory impairment, improvement in the PERG amplitude, and preserved RNFL. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data demonstrated statistically significant differences in gene expression in the retina of MSC-treated EAE mice. Differentially expressed genes were enriched for pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress, endothelial cell differentiation, HIF-1 signaling, and cholesterol transport in the MSC-treated EAE group. Conclusions Systemic MSC treatment positively affects RGC function and survival in EAE mice. Better cholesterol handling by increased expression of Abca1, the cholesterol efflux regulatory protein, paired with the resolution of HIF-1 signaling activation might explain the improvements seen in PERG of EAE animals after MSC treatment. Translational Relevance Using MSC therapy in a mouse model of MS, we discovered previously unappreciated biochemical pathways associated with RGC neuroprotection, which have the potential to be pharmacologically targeted as a new treatment regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver W Gramlich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alexander J Brown
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.,Department of Immunology & Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cheyanne R Godwin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael S Chimenti
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lauren K Boland
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - James A Ankrum
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering College, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Randy H Kardon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, IA, USA
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19
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Yang J, LeBlanc ME, Cano I, Saez-Torres KL, Saint-Geniez M, Ng YS, D'Amore PA. ADAM10 and ADAM17 proteases mediate proinflammatory cytokine-induced and constitutive cleavage of endomucin from the endothelial surface. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6641-6651. [PMID: 32193206 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact between inflammatory cells and endothelial cells (ECs) is a crucial step in vascular inflammation. Recently, we demonstrated that the cell-surface level of endomucin (EMCN), a heavily O-glycosylated single-transmembrane sialomucin, interferes with the interactions between inflammatory cells and ECs. We have also shown that, in response to an inflammatory stimulus, EMCN is cleared from the cell surface by an unknown mechanism. In this study, using adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a tagged EMCN in human umbilical vein ECs, we found that treatment with tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or the strong oxidant pervanadate leads to loss of cell-surface EMCN and increases the levels of the C-terminal fragment of EMCN 3- to 4-fold. Furthermore, treatment with the broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor batimastat (BB94) or inhibition of ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10 (ADAM10) and ADAM17 with two small-molecule inhibitors, GW280264X and GI254023X, or with siRNA significantly reduced basal and TNFα-induced cell-surface EMCN cleavage. Release of the C-terminal fragment of EMCN by TNF-α treatment was blocked by chemical inhibition of ADAM10 alone or in combination with ADAM17. These results indicate that cell-surface EMCN undergoes constitutive cleavage and that TNF-α treatment dramatically increases this cleavage, which is mediated predominantly by ADAM10 and ADAM17. As endothelial cell-surface EMCN attenuates leukocyte-EC interactions during inflammation, we propose that EMCN is a potential therapeutic target to manage vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Michelle E LeBlanc
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Issahy Cano
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Kahira L Saez-Torres
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Yin-Shan Ng
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 .,Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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20
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Weinstein N, Mendoza L, Álvarez-Buylla ER. A Computational Model of the Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Front Genet 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 32226439 PMCID: PMC7080988 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form the lining of lymph and blood vessels. Changes in tissue requirements or wounds may cause ECs to behave as tip or stalk cells. Alternatively, they may differentiate into mesenchymal cells (MCs). These processes are known as EC activation and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), respectively. EndMT, Tip, and Stalk EC behaviors all require SNAI1, SNAI2, and Matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) function. However, only EndMT inhibits the expression of VE-cadherin, PECAM1, and VEGFR2, and also leads to EC detachment. Physiologically, EndMT is involved in heart valve development, while a defective EndMT regulation is involved in the physiopathology of cardiovascular malformations, congenital heart disease, systemic and organ fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, the control of EndMT has many promising potential applications in regenerative medicine. Despite the fact that many molecular components involved in EC activation and EndMT have been characterized, the system-level molecular mechanisms involved in this process have not been elucidated. Toward this end, hereby we present Boolean network model of the molecular involved in the regulation of EC activation and EndMT. The simulated dynamic behavior of our model reaches fixed and cyclic patterns of activation that correspond to the expected EC and MC cell types and behaviors, recovering most of the specific effects of simple gain and loss-of-function mutations as well as the conditions associated with the progression of several diseases. Therefore, our model constitutes a theoretical framework that can be used to generate hypotheses and guide experimental inquiry to comprehend the regulatory mechanisms behind EndMT. Our main findings include that both the extracellular microevironment and the pattern of molecular activity within the cell regulate EndMT. EndMT requires a lack of VEGFA and sufficient oxygen in the extracellular microenvironment as well as no FLI1 and GATA2 activity within the cell. Additionally Tip cells cannot undergo EndMT directly. Furthermore, the specific conditions that are sufficient to trigger EndMT depend on the specific pattern of molecular activation within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Weinstein
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Mendoza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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21
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Park TS, Zimmerlin L, Evans-Moses R, Thomas J, Huo JS, Kanherkar R, He A, Ruzgar N, Grebe R, Bhutto I, Barbato M, Koldobskiy MA, Lutty G, Zambidis ET. Vascular progenitors generated from tankyrase inhibitor-regulated naïve diabetic human iPSC potentiate efficient revascularization of ischemic retina. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1195. [PMID: 32139672 PMCID: PMC7058090 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that the functionality of vascular progenitors (VP) generated from normal and disease-primed conventional human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can be significantly improved by reversion to a tankyrase inhibitor-regulated human naïve epiblast-like pluripotent state. Naïve diabetic vascular progenitors (N-DVP) differentiated from patient-specific naïve diabetic hiPSC (N-DhiPSC) possessed higher vascular functionality, maintained greater genomic stability, harbored decreased lineage-primed gene expression, and were more efficient in migrating to and re-vascularizing the deep neural layers of the ischemic retina than isogenic diabetic vascular progenitors (DVP). These findings suggest that reprogramming to a stable naïve human pluripotent stem cell state may effectively erase dysfunctional epigenetic donor cell memory or disease-associated aberrations in patient-specific hiPSC. More broadly, tankyrase inhibitor-regulated naïve hiPSC (N-hiPSC) represent a class of human stem cells with high epigenetic plasticity, improved multi-lineage functionality, and potentially high impact for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tea Soon Park
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ludovic Zimmerlin
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Evans-Moses
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Thomas
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Huo
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Riya Kanherkar
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alice He
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nensi Ruzgar
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rhonda Grebe
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Imran Bhutto
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Barbato
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Koldobskiy
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerard Lutty
- Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elias T Zambidis
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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22
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Higashijima Y, Matsui Y, Shimamura T, Nakaki R, Nagai N, Tsutsumi S, Abe Y, Link VM, Osaka M, Yoshida M, Watanabe R, Tanaka T, Taguchi A, Miura M, Ruan X, Li G, Inoue T, Nangaku M, Kimura H, Furukawa T, Aburatani H, Wada Y, Ruan Y, Glass CK, Kanki Y. Coordinated demethylation of H3K9 and H3K27 is required for rapid inflammatory responses of endothelial cells. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103949. [PMID: 32125007 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H3 lysine-9 di-methylation (H3K9me2) and lysine-27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3) are linked to repression of gene expression, but the functions of repressive histone methylation dynamics during inflammatory responses remain enigmatic. Here, we report that lysine demethylases 7A (KDM7A) and 6A (UTX) play crucial roles in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α signaling in endothelial cells (ECs), where they are regulated by a novel TNF-α-responsive microRNA, miR-3679-5p. TNF-α rapidly induces co-occupancy of KDM7A and UTX at nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)-associated elements in human ECs. KDM7A and UTX demethylate H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, respectively, and are both required for activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory genes. Chromosome conformation capture-based methods furthermore uncover increased interactions between TNF-α-induced super enhancers at NF-κB-relevant loci, coinciding with KDM7A and UTX recruitments. Simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of KDM7A and UTX significantly reduces leukocyte adhesion in mice, establishing the biological and potential translational relevance of this mechanism. Collectively, these findings suggest that rapid erasure of repressive histone marks by KDM7A and UTX is essential for NF-κB-dependent regulation of genes that control inflammatory responses of ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Higashijima
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Matsui
- Division of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Graduate school of medicine, Nagoya university, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Division of Systems Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Nao Nagai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Faculty of Biology, Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Metaorganism Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mizuko Osaka
- Department of Nutrition in Cardiovascular Disease, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yoshida
- Department of Life Sciences and Bioethics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Watanabe
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Miura
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaoan Ruan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Guoliang Li
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tsuyoshi Inoue
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Furukawa
- Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Minami T, Muramatsu M, Kume T. Organ/Tissue-Specific Vascular Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Health and Disease. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1609-1619. [PMID: 31582649 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system forms the largest surface in our body, serving as a critical interface between blood circulation and our diverse organ/tissue environments. Thus, the vascular system performs a gatekeeper function for organ/tissue homeostasis and the body's adjustment to pathological challenges. The endothelium, as the most inner layer of the vasculature, regulates the tissue microenvironment, which is critical for development, hemostatic balance, inflammation, and angiogenesis, with a role as well in tumor malignancy and metastasis. These multitudinous functions are primarily mediated by organ/tissue-specifically differentiated endothelial cells, in which heterogeneity has long been recognized at the molecular and histological level. Based on these general principles of vascular-bed heterogeneity and characterization, this review largely covers landmark discoveries regarding organ/tissue microenvironment-governed endothelial cell phenotypic changes. These involve the physical features of continuous, discontinuous, fenestrated, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, in addition to the more specialized endothelial cell layers of the lymphatic system, glomerulus, tumors, and the blood brain barrier (BBB). Major signal pathways of endothelial specification are outlined, including Notch as a key factor of tip/stalk- and arterial-endothelial cell differentiation. We also denote the shear stress sensing machinery used to convey blood flow-mediated biophysical forces that are indispensable to maintaining inert and mature endothelial phenotypes. Since our circulatory system is among the most fundamental and emergent targets of study in pharmacology from the viewpoint of drug metabolism and delivery, a better molecular understanding of organ vasculature-bed heterogeneity may lead to better strategies for novel vascular-targeted treatments to fight against hitherto intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Minami
- Div. of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Tsutomu Kume
- Div. of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University.,Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine
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24
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Zhang P, Yue K, Liu X, Yan X, Yang Z, Duan J, Xia C, Xu X, Zhang M, Liang L, Wang L, Han H. Endothelial Notch activation promotes neutrophil transmigration via downregulating endomucin to aggravate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:375-387. [PMID: 32048161 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory leukocytes infiltration is orchestrated by mechanisms involving chemokines, selectins, addressins and other adhesion molecules derived from endothelial cells (ECs), but how they respond to inflammatory cues and coordinate leukocyte transmigration remain elusive. In this study, using hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) as a model, we identified that endothelial Notch activation was rapidly and dynamically induced in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in acute inflammation. In mice with EC-specific Notch activation (NICeCA), HIRI induced exacerbated liver damage. Consistently, endothelial Notch activation enhanced neutrophil infiltration and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in HIRI. Transcriptome analysis and further qRT-PCR as well as immunofluorescence indicated that endomucin (EMCN), a negative regulator of leukocyte adhesion, was downregulated in LSECs from NICeCA mice. EMCN was downregulated during HIRI in wild-type mice and in vitro cultured ECs insulted by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury. Notch activation in ECs led to increased neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration, which was abrogated by EMCN overexpression in vitro. In mice deficient of RBPj, the integrative transcription factor of canonical Notch signaling, although overwhelming sinusoidal malformation aggravated HIRI, the expression of EMCN was upregulated; and pharmaceutical Notch blockade in vitro also upregulated EMCN and inhibited transendothelial migration of neutrophils. The Notch activation-exaggerated HIRI was compromised by blocking LFA-1, which mediated leukocyte adherence by associating with EMCN. Therefore, endothelial Notch signaling controls neutrophil transmigration via EMCN to modulate acute inflammation in HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kangyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xianchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juanli Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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25
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Nakato R, Wada Y, Nakaki R, Nagae G, Katou Y, Tsutsumi S, Nakajima N, Fukuhara H, Iguchi A, Kohro T, Kanki Y, Saito Y, Kobayashi M, Izumi-Taguchi A, Osato N, Tatsuno K, Kamio A, Hayashi-Takanaka Y, Wada H, Ohta S, Aikawa M, Nakajima H, Nakamura M, McGee RC, Heppner KW, Kawakatsu T, Genno M, Yanase H, Kume H, Senbonmatsu T, Homma Y, Nishimura S, Mitsuyama T, Aburatani H, Kimura H, Shirahige K. Comprehensive epigenome characterization reveals diverse transcriptional regulation across human vascular endothelial cells. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:77. [PMID: 31856914 PMCID: PMC6921469 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cells (ECs) make up the innermost layer throughout the entire vasculature. Their phenotypes and physiological functions are initially regulated by developmental signals and extracellular stimuli. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the diverse phenotypes of ECs from different organs are not well understood. Results To characterize the transcriptomic and epigenomic landscape in the vascular system, we cataloged gene expression and active histone marks in nine types of human ECs (generating 148 genome-wide datasets) and carried out a comprehensive analysis with chromatin interaction data. We developed a robust procedure for comparative epigenome analysis that circumvents variations at the level of the individual and technical noise derived from sample preparation under various conditions. Through this approach, we identified 3765 EC-specific enhancers, some of which were associated with disease-associated genetic variations. We also identified various candidate marker genes for each EC type. We found that the nine EC types can be divided into two subgroups, corresponding to those with upper-body origins and lower-body origins, based on their epigenomic landscape. Epigenomic variations were highly correlated with gene expression patterns, but also provided unique information. Most of the deferentially expressed genes and enhancers were cooperatively enriched in more than one EC type, suggesting that the distinct combinations of multiple genes play key roles in the diverse phenotypes across EC types. Notably, many homeobox genes were differentially expressed across EC types, and their expression was correlated with the relative position of each organ in the body. This reflects the developmental origins of ECs and their roles in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and wound healing. Conclusions This comprehensive analysis of epigenome characterization of EC types reveals diverse transcriptional regulation across human vascular systems. These datasets provide a valuable resource for understanding the vascular system and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Nakato
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Genta Nagae
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yuki Katou
- Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Natsu Nakajima
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Department of Clinical Informatics, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yutaka Saito
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mika Kobayashi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Osato
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Asuka Kamio
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yoko Hayashi-Takanaka
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hiromi Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.,Brain Attack Center, Ohta Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, 720-0825, Japan
| | - Shinzo Ohta
- Brain Attack Center, Ohta Memorial Hospital, Fukuyama, 720-0825, Japan
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- The Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology and the Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Kawakatsu
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Michiru Genno
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yanase
- Bio-Medical Department, Kurabo Industries Ltd., Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-0823, Japan
| | - Haruki Kume
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takaaki Senbonmatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nishimura
- Department of Cardiology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan
| | - Toutai Mitsuyama
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan.,Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan. .,Laboratory of Functional Nuclear Imaging, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED-CREST), AMED, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan. .,Laboratory of Genome Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
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26
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Kidney aging: an irresistible slope. Kidney Int 2019; 95:492-494. [PMID: 30784656 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kidney aging is a multifactorial process. Using genome-wide database analysis, Rowland et al. identified testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5 as a candidate age-related renal gene, and reported that with aging, testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5 expression decreases in response to increased testis-specific Y-encoded-like protein 5 promoter methylation. Genome-wide databases are readily available, and we should carefully analyze them to find a mechanism to fight kidney aging on the experiments using cells and animals, not just in silico calculations.
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27
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Nagai N, Ohguchi H, Nakaki R, Matsumura Y, Kanki Y, Sakai J, Aburatani H, Minami T. Downregulation of ERG and FLI1 expression in endothelial cells triggers endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007826. [PMID: 30500808 PMCID: PMC6291168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) plasticity in pathological settings has recently been recognized as a driver of disease progression. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), in which ECs acquire mesenchymal properties, has been described for a wide range of pathologies, including cancer. However, the mechanism regulating EndMT in the tumor microenvironment and the contribution of EndMT in tumor progression are not fully understood. Here, we found that combined knockdown of two ETS family transcription factors, ERG and FLI1, induces EndMT coupled with dynamic epigenetic changes in ECs. Genome-wide analyses revealed that ERG and FLI1 are critical transcriptional activators for EC-specific genes, among which microRNA-126 partially contributes to blocking the induction of EndMT. Moreover, we demonstrated that ERG and FLI1 expression is downregulated in ECs within tumors by soluble factors enriched in the tumor microenvironment. These data provide new insight into the mechanism of EndMT, functions of ERG and FLI1 in ECs, and EC behavior in pathological conditions. Differentiated cells possess unique characteristics to maintain vital activities. However, cells occasionally show abnormal behavior in pathological settings due to dysregulated gene expression. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a phenomenon in which endothelial cells lose their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal-like properties. Although EndMT is observed in various diseases including cancer, and augments fibrosis and vascular defects, the mechanism of EndMT induction is not fully understood. Here, we show that EndMT is triggered via reduced expression of ERG and FLI1, which have recently been recognized as pivotal transcription factors in endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanistically, ERG and FLI1 activate EC-specific genes and repress mesenchymal-like genes via epigenetic regulation to prevent EndMT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microRNA-126, which is specifically expressed in ECs, is the key downstream target of ERG/FLI1 for regulating EndMT. Finally, we show that ERG and FLI1 expression is decreased in ECs within tumors, suggesting that EndMT is induced in the tumor microenvironment. Collectively, these findings indicate that loss of ERG and FLI1 leads to the aberrant behavior of ECs in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Nagai
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Ohguchi
- Division of Disease Epigenetics, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumura
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lai TH, Chang FW, Lin JJ, Ling QD. Gene expression of human endometrial L-selectin ligand in relation to the phases of the natural menstrual cycle. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1443. [PMID: 29362381 PMCID: PMC5780486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates peptide components of L-selectin ligand (LSL) and their gene expressions in human endometrium during the natural menstrual cycle. We recruited 41 endometrial samples from reproductive-aged women with leiomyoma and undergoing hysterectomy and 11 endometrial samples from menopausal women as controls. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong MECA-79 expression from the early through the mid-secretory phase and low expression in menopausal endometrium. Five peptide components of LSL were detected in reproductive and menopausal endometrium by one-step quantitative RT-PCR: podocalyxin, endomucin, nepmucin, GlyCAM-1, and CD34. Endomucin differed significantly between the proliferative and early-secretory phases. CHST2 and CHST4 genes (which are involved in the generation of LSL epitopes) were expressed without significant differences among phases. The gene expression of progesterone receptor decreased from the proliferative to the late-secretory phase, and the difference was significant. However, estrogen receptor α expression showed stability among phases. The significant expression of endomucin between the proliferative and early-secretory phases might play a vital role in endometrial receptivity. Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that regulate the expression of endomucin and other LSL peptide components in different phases of the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsuan Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, 10693, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Jie Lin
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, 22174, Taiwan
| | - Qing-Dong Ling
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Taoyuan City, 32001, Taiwan.
- Cathay Medical Research Institute, Cathay General Hospital, New Taipei City, 22174, Taiwan.
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29
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Park-Windhol C, Ng YS, Yang J, Primo V, Saint-Geniez M, D'Amore PA. Endomucin inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell migration, growth, and morphogenesis by modulating VEGFR2 signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17138. [PMID: 29215001 PMCID: PMC5719432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is central to both normal and pathologic processes. Endothelial cells (ECs) express O-glycoproteins that are believed to play important roles in vascular development and stability. Endomucin-1 (EMCN) is a type I O-glycosylated, sialic-rich glycoprotein, specifically expressed by venous and capillary endothelium. Evidence has pointed to a potential role for EMCN in angiogenesis but it had not been directly investigated. In this study, we examined the role of EMCN in angiogenesis by modulating EMCN levels both in vivo and in vitro. Reduction of EMCN in vivo led to the impairment of angiogenesis during normal retinal development in vivo. To determine the cellular basis of this inhibition, gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed in human retinal EC (HREC) in vitro by EMCN over-expression using adenovirus or EMCN gene knockdown by siRNA. We show that EMCN knockdown reduced migration, inhibited cell growth without compromising cell survival, and suppressed tube morphogenesis of ECs, whereas over-expression of EMCN led to increased migration, proliferation and tube formation. Furthermore, knockdown of EMCN suppressed VEGF-induced signaling as measured by decreased phospho-VEGFR2, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p38-MAPK levels. These results suggest a novel role for EMCN as a potent regulator of angiogenesis and point to its potential as a new therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Park-Windhol
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yin Shan Ng
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinling Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vincent Primo
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Tsuru M, Sata M, Tanaka M, Umeyama H, Kodera Y, Shiwa M, Aoyagi N, Yasuda K, Matsuoka K, Fukuda T, Yamana H, Nagata K. Retrospective Proteomic Analysis of a Novel, Cancer Metastasis-Promoting RGD-Containing Peptide. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:998-1007. [PMID: 29096248 PMCID: PMC5671418 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients who undergo surgical extirpation of a primary liver carcinoma followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy leading to complete remission are nevertheless known to develop cancerous metastases 3-10 years later. We retrospectively examined the blood sera collected over 8 years from 30 patients who developed bone metastases after the complete remission of liver cancer to identify serum proteins showing differential expression compared to patients without remission. We detected a novel RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp)-containing peptide derived from the C-terminal portion of fibrinogen in the sera of metastatic patients that appeared to control the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) of cancer cells, in a process associated with miR-199a-3p. The RGD peptide enhanced new blood vessel growth and increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels when introduced into fertilized chicken eggs. The purpose of this study was to enable early detection of metastatic cancer cells using the novel RGD peptide as a biomarker, and thereby develop new drugs for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Tsuru
- Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
| | - Michio Sata
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Maki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kurume General Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideaki Umeyama
- Department of Biological Science, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kodera
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mieko Shiwa
- Life Science Division, Bio-Rad Laboratories K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norikazu Aoyagi
- Life Science Division, Bio-Rad Laboratories K.K., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kei Matsuoka
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Department of Urology, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fukuda
- Center for Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamana
- Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Center for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kensei Nagata
- Clinical Proteomics and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Research Center for Innovative Cancer Therapy, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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31
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Kanki Y, Nakaki R, Shimamura T, Matsunaga T, Yamamizu K, Katayama S, Suehiro JI, Osawa T, Aburatani H, Kodama T, Wada Y, Yamashita JK, Minami T. Dynamically and epigenetically coordinated GATA/ETS/SOX transcription factor expression is indispensable for endothelial cell differentiation. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:4344-4358. [PMID: 28334937 PMCID: PMC5416769 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although studies of the differentiation from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to vascular endothelial cells (ECs) provide an excellent model for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular development, temporal dynamics of gene expression and chromatin modifications have not been well studied. Herein, using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses based on H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications at a genome-wide scale, we analysed the EC differentiation steps from ES cells and crucial epigenetic modifications unique to ECs. We determined that Gata2, Fli1, Sox7 and Sox18 are master regulators of EC that are induced following expression of the haemangioblast commitment pioneer factor, Etv2. These master regulator gene loci were repressed by H3K27me3 throughout the mesoderm period but rapidly transitioned to histone modification switching from H3K27me3 to H3K4me3 after treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor. SiRNA knockdown experiments indicated that these regulators are indispensable not only for proper EC differentiation but also for blocking the commitment to other closely aligned lineages. Collectively, our detailed epigenetic analysis may provide an advanced model for understanding temporal regulation of chromatin signatures and resulting gene expression profiles during EC commitment. These studies may inform the future development of methods to stimulate the vascular endothelium for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Division of Vascular Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,Division of Systems Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakaki
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Teppei Shimamura
- Department of Systems Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Taichi Matsunaga
- Department of Stem Cell Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Deparment of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamamizu
- Department of Stem Cell Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Deparment of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiori Katayama
- Department of Stem Cell Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Deparment of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Suehiro
- Division of Vascular Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Vascular Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,Division of Systems Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Division of Genome Sciences, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.,Division of Systems Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Jun K Yamashita
- Department of Stem Cell Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.,Deparment of Cell Growth and Differentiation, CiRA, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Vascular Biology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.,Division of Molecular and Vascular Biology, IRDA, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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32
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Mimura I, Tanaka T, Nangaku M. New insights into molecular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in kidney disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:1159-1167. [PMID: 27560313 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients with kidney failure has increased in recent years. Different factors contribute to the progression of chronic kidney disease, including glomerular sclerosis, atherosclerosis of the renal arteries and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Tubulointerstitial injury is induced by hypoxia and other inflammatory signals, leading to fibroblast activation. Technological advances using high-throughput sequencing has enabled the determination of the expression profile of almost all genes, revealing that gene expression is intricately regulated by DNA methylation, histone modification, changes in chromosome conformation, long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. These epigenetic modifications are stored as cellular epigenetic memory. Epigenetic memory leads to adult-onset disease or ageing in the long term and may possibly play an important role in the kidney disease process. Herein we emphasize the importance of clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying epigenetic modifications because this may lead to the development of new therapeutic targets in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imari Mimura
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Wu B, An C, Li Y, Yin Z, Gong L, Li Z, Liu Y, Heng BC, Zhang D, Ouyang H, Zou X. Reconstructing Lineage Hierarchies of Mouse Uterus Epithelial Development Using Single-Cell Analysis. Stem Cell Reports 2017. [PMID: 28625536 PMCID: PMC5511104 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrial layer comprises luminal and glandular epithelia that both develop from the same simple layer of fetal uterine epithelium. Mechanisms of uterine epithelial progenitor self-renewal and differentiation are unclear. This study aims to systematically analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms of uterine epithelial development by single-cell analysis. An integrated set of single-cell transcriptomic data of uterine epithelial progenitors and their differentiated progenies is provided. Additionally the unique molecular signatures of these cells, characterized by sequential upregulation of specific epigenetic and metabolic activities, and activation of unique signaling pathways and transcription factors, were also investigated. Finally a unique subpopulation of early progenitor, as well as differentiated luminal and glandular lineages, were identified. A complex cellular hierarchy of uterine epithelial development was thus delineated. Our study therefore systematically decoded molecular markers and a cellular program of uterine epithelial development that sheds light on uterine developmental biology. Single-cell transcriptome of mouse uterine epithelial development is provided Epithelial progenitors during early development of uterine epithelia is identified Molecular cascades orchestrating uterine epithelial development are dissected Cellular hierarchical map of uterine epithelial development is reconstructed
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wu
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Chengrui An
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Zi Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Lin Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Zhenli Li
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yixiao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China
| | - Boon Chin Heng
- Department of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qing Chun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Dr.Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, PR China.
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34
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Zahr A, Alcaide P, Yang J, Jones A, Gregory M, dela Paz NG, Patel-Hett S, Nevers T, Koirala A, Luscinskas FW, Saint-Geniez M, Ksander B, D'Amore PA, Argüeso P. Endomucin prevents leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and has a critical role under resting and inflammatory conditions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10363. [PMID: 26831939 PMCID: PMC4740757 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomucin is a membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed luminally by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules, a primary site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Here we show that endomucin abrogation on quiescent endothelial cells enables neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. Moreover, TNF-α stimulation downregulates cell surface expression of endomucin concurrent with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Adenovirus-mediated expression of endomucin under inflammatory conditions prevents neutrophil adhesion in vitro and reduces the infiltration of CD45+ and NIMP-R14+ cells in vivo. These results indicate that endomucin prevents leukocyte contact with adhesion molecules in non-inflamed tissues and that downregulation of endomucin is critical to facilitate adhesion of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Endomucin is expressed by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules—the site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Zahr et al. show that endomucin is an anti-adhesive molecule that is downregulated by the cytokine TNF-a and thereby helps in the transition from a quiescent to a pro-adhesive inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisar Zahr
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jinling Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Alexander Jones
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Meredith Gregory
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nathaniel G dela Paz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sunita Patel-Hett
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Tania Nevers
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adarsha Koirala
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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35
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Hossain M, Qadri SM, Xu N, Su Y, Cayabyab FS, Heit B, Liu L. Endothelial LSP1 Modulates Extravascular Neutrophil Chemotaxis by Regulating Nonhematopoietic Vascular PECAM-1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:2408-16. [PMID: 26238489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions generate molecular signals that regulate cell functions. The Ca(2+)- and F-actin-binding leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) expressed in leukocytes and nonhematopoietic endothelial cells is pivotal in regulating microvascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment. However, cell-specific function of LSP1 during leukocyte recruitment remains elusive. Using intravital microscopy of cremasteric microvasculature of chimeric LSP1-deficient mice, we show that not neutrophil but endothelial LSP1 regulates neutrophil transendothelial migration and extravascular directionality without affecting the speed of neutrophil migration in tissue in response to CXCL2 chemokine gradient. The expression of PECAM-1-sensitive α6β1 integrins on the surface of transmigrated neutrophils was blunted in mice deficient in endothelial LSP1. Functional blocking studies in vivo and in vitro elucidated that α6β1 integrins orchestrated extravascular directionality but not the speed of neutrophil migration. In LSP1-deficient mice, PECAM-1 expression was reduced in endothelial cells, but not in neutrophils. Similarly, LSP1-targeted small interfering RNA silencing in murine endothelial cells mitigated mRNA and protein expression of PECAM-1, but not ICAM-1 or VCAM-1. Overexpression of LSP1 in endothelial cells upregulated PECAM-1 expression. Furthermore, the expression of transcription factor GATA-2 that regulates endothelial PECAM-1 expression was blunted in LSP1-deficient or LSP1-silenced endothelial cells. The present study unravels endothelial LSP1 as a novel cell-specific regulator of integrin α6β1-dependent neutrophil extravascular chemotactic function in vivo, effective through GATA-2-dependent transcriptional regulation of endothelial PECAM-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokarram Hossain
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Najia Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada; and
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada;
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Kazenwadel J, Betterman KL, Chong CE, Stokes PH, Lee YK, Secker GA, Agalarov Y, Demir CS, Lawrence DM, Sutton DL, Tabruyn SP, Miura N, Salminen M, Petrova TV, Matthews JM, Hahn CN, Scott HS, Harvey NL. GATA2 is required for lymphatic vessel valve development and maintenance. J Clin Invest 2015. [PMID: 26214525 DOI: 10.1172/jci78888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous germline mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor GATA2 have recently been shown to underlie a range of clinical phenotypes, including Emberger syndrome, a disorder characterized by lymphedema and predisposition to myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). Despite well-defined roles in hematopoiesis, the functions of GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and the mechanisms by which GATA2 mutations result in lymphedema have not been characterized. Here, we have provided a molecular explanation for lymphedema predisposition in a subset of patients with germline GATA2 mutations. Specifically, we demonstrated that Emberger-associated GATA2 missense mutations result in complete loss of GATA2 function, with respect to the capacity to regulate the transcription of genes that are important for lymphatic vessel valve development. We identified a putative enhancer element upstream of the key lymphatic transcriptional regulator PROX1 that is bound by GATA2, and the transcription factors FOXC2 and NFATC1. Emberger GATA2 missense mutants had a profoundly reduced capacity to bind this element. Conditional Gata2 deletion in mice revealed that GATA2 is required for both development and maintenance of lymphovenous and lymphatic vessel valves. Together, our data unveil essential roles for GATA2 in the lymphatic vasculature and explain why a select catalogue of human GATA2 mutations results in lymphedema.
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Marks-Bluth J, Khanna A, Chandrakanthan V, Thoms J, Bee T, Eich C, Kang YC, Knezevic K, Qiao Q, Fitch S, Oxburgh L, Ottersbach K, Dzierzak E, de Bruijn MFTR, Pimanda JE. SMAD1 and SMAD5 Expression Is Coordinately Regulated by FLI1 and GATA2 during Endothelial Development. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:2165-72. [PMID: 25870111 PMCID: PMC4438244 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00239-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/SMAD signaling pathway is a critical regulator of angiogenic sprouting and is involved in vascular development in the embryo. SMAD1 and SMAD5, the core mediators of BMP signaling, are vital for this activity, yet little is known about their transcriptional regulation in endothelial cells. Here, we have integrated multispecies sequence conservation, tissue-specific chromatin, in vitro reporter assay, and in vivo transgenic data to identify and validate Smad1+63 and the Smad5 promoter as tissue-specific cis-regulatory elements that are active in the developing endothelium. The activity of these elements in the endothelium was dependent on highly conserved ETS, GATA, and E-box motifs, and chromatin immunoprecipitation showed high levels of enrichment of FLI1, GATA2, and SCL at these sites in endothelial cell lines and E11 dorsal aortas in vivo. Knockdown of FLI1 and GATA2 but not SCL reduced the expression of SMAD1 and SMAD5 in endothelial cells in vitro. In contrast, CD31(+) cKit(-) endothelial cells harvested from embryonic day 9 (E9) aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) regions of GATA2 null embryos showed reduced Smad1 but not Smad5 transcript levels. This is suggestive of a degree of in vivo selection where, in the case of reduced SMAD1 levels, endothelial cells with more robust SMAD5 expression have a selective advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Marks-Bluth
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anchit Khanna
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vashe Chandrakanthan
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie Thoms
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Bee
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Eich
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Young Chan Kang
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kathy Knezevic
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Fitch
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leif Oxburgh
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
| | - Katrin Ottersbach
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Dzierzak
- Erasmus MC Stem Cell Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands The Queen's Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marella F T R de Bruijn
- The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John E Pimanda
- Lowy Cancer Research Centre and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Haematology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Suehiro JI, Kanki Y, Makihara C, Schadler K, Miura M, Manabe Y, Aburatani H, Kodama T, Minami T. Genome-wide approaches reveal functional vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-inducible nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 binding to angiogenesis-related genes in the endothelium. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29044-59. [PMID: 25157100 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
VEGF is a key regulator of endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and inflammation, which leads to activation of several signaling cascades, including the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. NFAT is not only important for immune responses but also for cardiovascular development and the pathogenesis of Down syndrome. By using Down syndrome model mice and clinical patient samples, we showed recently that the VEGF-calcineurin-NFAT signaling axis regulates tumor angiogenesis and tumor metastasis. However, the connection between genome-wide views of NFAT-mediated gene regulation and downstream gene function in the endothelium has not been studied extensively. Here we performed comprehensive mapping of genome-wide NFATc1 binding in VEGF-stimulated primary cultured endothelial cells and elucidated the functional consequences of VEGF-NFATc1-mediated phenotypic changes. A comparison of the NFATc1 ChIP sequence profile and epigenetic histone marks revealed that predominant NFATc1-occupied peaks overlapped with promoter-associated histone marks. Moreover, we identified two novel NFATc1 regulated genes, CXCR7 and RND1. CXCR7 knockdown abrogated SDF-1- and VEGF-mediated cell migration and tube formation. siRNA treatment of RND1 impaired vascular barrier function, caused RhoA hyperactivation, and further stimulated VEGF-mediated vascular outgrowth from aortic rings. Taken together, these findings suggest that dynamic NFATc1 binding to target genes is critical for VEGF-mediated endothelial cell activation. CXCR7 and RND1 are NFATc1 target genes with multiple functions, including regulation of cell migration, tube formation, and barrier formation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, Systems Biology, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan and
| | | | - Keri Schadler
- From the Division of Vascular Biology, the Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Mai Miura
- From the Division of Vascular Biology
| | | | | | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Systems Biology, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904 Japan and
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An updated view on the differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:763-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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DeVilbiss AW, Sanalkumar R, Johnson KD, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Hematopoietic transcriptional mechanisms: from locus-specific to genome-wide vantage points. Exp Hematol 2014; 42:618-29. [PMID: 24816274 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is an exquisitely regulated process in which stem cells in the developing embryo and the adult generate progenitor cells that give rise to all blood lineages. Master regulatory transcription factors control hematopoiesis by integrating signals from the microenvironment and dynamically establishing and maintaining genetic networks. One of the most rudimentary aspects of cell type-specific transcription factor function, how they occupy a highly restricted cohort of cis-elements in chromatin, remains poorly understood. Transformative technologic advances involving the coupling of next-generation DNA sequencing technology with the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP-seq) have enabled genome-wide mapping of factor occupancy patterns. However, formidable problems remain; notably, ChIP-seq analysis yields hundreds to thousands of chromatin sites occupied by a given transcription factor, and only a fraction of the sites appear to be endowed with critical, non-redundant function. It has become en vogue to map transcription factor occupancy patterns genome-wide, while using powerful statistical tools to establish correlations to inform biology and mechanisms. With the advent of revolutionary genome editing technologies, one can now reach beyond correlations to conduct definitive hypothesis testing. This review focuses on key discoveries that have emerged during the path from single loci to genome-wide analyses, specifically in the context of hematopoietic transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W DeVilbiss
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rajendran Sanalkumar
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kirby D Johnson
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Direct evidence for pitavastatin induced chromatin structure change in the KLF4 gene in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96005. [PMID: 24797675 PMCID: PMC4010393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Statins exert atheroprotective effects through the induction of specific transcriptional factors in multiple organs. In endothelial cells, statin-dependent atheroprotective gene up-regulation is mediated by Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family transcription factors. To dissect the mechanism of gene regulation, we sought to determine molecular targets by performing microarray analyses of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with pitavastatin, and KLF4 was determined to be the most highly induced gene. In addition, it was revealed that the atheroprotective genes induced with pitavastatin, such as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) and thrombomodulin (THBD), were suppressed by KLF4 knockdown. Myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family activation is reported to be involved in pitavastatin-dependent KLF4 induction. We focused on MEF2C among the MEF2 family members and identified a novel functional MEF2C binding site 148 kb upstream of the KLF4 gene by chromatin immunoprecipitation along with deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) followed by luciferase assay. By applying whole genome and quantitative chromatin conformation analysis {chromatin interaction analysis with paired end tag sequencing (ChIA-PET), and real time chromosome conformation capture (3C) assay}, we observed that the MEF2C-bound enhancer and transcription start site (TSS) of KLF4 came into closer spatial proximity by pitavastatin treatment. 3D-Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) imaging supported the conformational change in individual cells. Taken together, dynamic chromatin conformation change was shown to mediate pitavastatin-responsive gene induction in endothelial cells.
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Inoue T, Kohro T, Tanaka T, Kanki Y, Li G, Poh HM, Mimura I, Kobayashi M, Taguchi A, Maejima T, Suehiro JI, Sugiyama A, Kaneki K, Aruga H, Dong S, Stevens JF, Yamamoto S, Tsutsumi S, Fujita T, Ruan X, Aburatani H, Nangaku M, Ruan Y, Kodama T, Wada Y. Cross-enhancement of ANGPTL4 transcription by HIF1 alpha and PPAR beta/delta is the result of the conformational proximity of two response elements. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R63. [PMID: 24721177 PMCID: PMC4053749 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synergistic transcriptional activation by different stimuli has been reported along with a diverse array of mechanisms, but the full scope of these mechanisms has yet to be elucidated. Results We present a detailed investigation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 dependent gene expression in endothelial cells which suggests the importance of crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and HIF signaling axes. A migration assay shows a synergistic interaction between these two stimuli, and we identify angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) as a common target gene by using a combination of microarray and ChIP-seq analysis. We profile changes of histone marks at enhancers under hypoxia, PPARβ/δ agonist and dual stimulations and these suggest that the spatial proximity of two response elements is the principal cause of the synergistic transcription induction. A newly developed quantitative chromosome conformation capture assay shows the quantitative change of the frequency of proximity of the two response elements. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that two different transcription factors cooperate in transcriptional regulation in a synergistic fashion through conformational change of their common target genes.
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Casanello P, Schneider D, Herrera EA, Uauy R, Krause BJ. Endothelial heterogeneity in the umbilico-placental unit: DNA methylation as an innuendo of epigenetic diversity. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:49. [PMID: 24723887 PMCID: PMC3973902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a multifunctional heterogeneous tissue playing a key role in the physiology of every organ. To accomplish this role the endothelium presents a phenotypic diversity that is early prompted during vascular development, allowing it to cope with specific requirements in a time- and site-specific manner. During the last decade several reports show that endothelial diversity is also present in the umbilico-placental vasculature, with differences between macro- and microvascular vessels as well as arterial and venous endothelium. This diversity is evidenced in vitro as a higher angiogenic capacity in the microcirculation; or disparity in the levels of several molecules that control endothelial function (i.e., receptor for growth factors, vasoactive mediators, and adhesion molecules) which frequently are differentially expressed between arterial and venous endothelium. Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial diversity would be prominently driven by epigenetic mechanisms which also control the basal expression of endothelial-specific genes. This review outlines evidence for endothelial diversity since early stages of vascular development and how this heterogeneity is expressed in the umbilico-placental vasculature. Furthermore a brief picture of epigenetic mechanisms and their role on endothelial physiology emphasizing new data on umbilical and placental endothelial cells is presented. Unraveling the role of epigenetic mechanisms on long term endothelial physiology and its functional diversity would contribute to develop more accurate therapeutic interventions. Altogether these data show that micro- versus macro-vascular, or artery versus vein comparisons are an oversimplification of the complexity occurring in the endothelium at different levels, and the necessity for the future research to establish the precise source of cells which are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Casanello
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatologïa, Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Cooperative interaction of Etv2 and Gata2 regulates the development of endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. Dev Biol 2014; 389:208-18. [PMID: 24583263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory mechanisms that govern lineage specification of the mesodermal progenitors to become endothelial and hematopoietic cells remain an area of intense interest. Both Ets and Gata factors have been shown to have important roles in the transcriptional regulation in endothelial and hematopoietic cells. We previously reported Etv2 as an essential regulator of vasculogenesis and hematopoiesis. In the present study, we demonstrate that Gata2 is co-expressed and interacts with Etv2 in the endothelial and hematopoietic cells in the early stages of embryogenesis. Our studies reveal that Etv2 interacts with Gata2 in vitro and in vivo. The protein-protein interaction between Etv2 and Gata2 is mediated by the Ets and Gata domains. Using the embryoid body differentiation system, we demonstrate that co-expression of Gata2 augments the activity of Etv2 in promoting endothelial and hematopoietic lineage differentiation. We also identify Spi1 as a common downstream target gene of Etv2 and Gata2. We provide evidence that Etv2 and Gata2 bind to the Spi1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we propose that Gata2 functions as a cofactor of Etv2 in the transcriptional regulation of mesodermal progenitors during embryogenesis.
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Decreased expression of GATA2 promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 in vitro and correlated with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87505. [PMID: 24498120 PMCID: PMC3907524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background GATA family of transcription factors are critical for organ development and associated with progression of various cancer types. However, their expression patterns and prognostic values for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still largely unknown. Methods Expression of GATA transcription factors in HCC cell lines and tissues (n = 240) were evaluated by RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. Cellular proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 was evaluated by CCK-8 kit, scratch wound assay and transwell matrigel invasion assay, respectively. Results GATA2 expression was decreased in HCC cell lines (p = 0.056 for mRNA, p = 0.040 for protein) and tissues (p = 1.27E-25) compared with normal hepatocytes. Decreased expression of intratumoral GATA2 protein significantly correlated with elevated alpha feto-protein (p = 2.7E-05), tumor size >5 cm (p = 0.049), absence of tumor capsule (p = 0.002), poor differentiation (p = 0.005), presence of tumor thrombi (p = 0.005) and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.001) and was associated with increased recurrence rate and decreased overall survival rate by univariate (p = 1.6E-04 for TTR, p = 1.7E-04 for OS) and multivariate analyses (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.43–0.90, p = 0.012 for TTR; HR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.47–0.95, p = 0.026 for OS). RNAi-mediated knockdown of GATA2 expression significantly enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cell in vitro. Conclusions Decreased expression of hematopoietic factor GATA2 was associated with poor prognosis of HCC following resection.
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46
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Minami T. Genome- and epigenome-wide analysis of endothelial cell activation and inflammation. Inflamm Regen 2014. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.34.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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47
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Minami T, Jiang S, Schadler K, Suehiro JI, Osawa T, Oike Y, Miura M, Naito M, Kodama T, Ryeom S. The calcineurin-NFAT-angiopoietin-2 signaling axis in lung endothelium is critical for the establishment of lung metastases. Cell Rep 2013; 4:709-23. [PMID: 23954784 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The premetastatic niche is a predetermined site of metastases, awaiting the influx of tumor cells. However, the regulation of the angiogenic switch at these sites has not been examined. Here, we demonstrate that the calcineurin and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is activated specifically in lung endothelium prior to the detection of tumor cells that preferentially metastasize to the lung. Upregulation of the calcineurin pathway via deletion of its endogenous inhibitor Dscr1 leads to a significant increase in lung metastases due to increased expression of a newly identified NFAT target, Angiopoietin-2 (ANG2). Increased VEGF levels specifically in the lung, and not other organ microenvironments, trigger a threshold of calcineurin-NFAT signaling that transactivates Ang2 in lung endothelium. Further, we demonstrate that overexpression of DSCR1 or the ANG2 receptor, soluble TIE2, prevents the activation of lung endothelium, inhibiting lung metastases in our mouse models. Our studies provide insights into mechanisms underlying angiogenesis in the premetastatic niche and offer targets for lung metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Minami
- Division of Vascular Biology, RCAST, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
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Suzuki M, Kobayashi-Osaki M, Tsutsumi S, Pan X, Ohmori S, Takai J, Moriguchi T, Ohneda O, Ohneda K, Shimizu R, Kanki Y, Kodama T, Aburatani H, Yamamoto M. GATA factor switching from GATA2 to GATA1 contributes to erythroid differentiation. Genes Cells 2013; 18:921-33. [PMID: 23911012 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor GATA2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, whereas its expression declines after erythroid commitment of progenitors. In contrast, the start of GATA1 expression coincides with the erythroid commitment and increases along with the erythroid differentiation. We refer this dynamic transition of GATA factor expression to as the 'GATA factor switching'. Here, we examined contribution of the GATA factor switching to the erythroid differentiation. In Gata1-knockdown embryos that concomitantly express Gata2-GFP reporter, high-level expression of GFP reporter was detected in accumulated immature hematopoietic cells with impaired differentiation, demonstrating that GATA1 represses Gata2 gene expression in hematopoietic progenitors in vivo. We have conducted chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) on microarray analyses of GATA2 and GATA1, and results indicate that the GATA1-binding sites widely overlap with the sites pre-occupied by GATA2 before the GATA1 expression. Importantly, erythroid genes harboring GATA boxes bound by both GATA1 and GATA2 tend to be expressed in immature erythroid cells, whereas those harboring GATA boxes to which GATA1 binds highly but GATA2 binds only weakly are important for the mature erythroid cell function. Our results thus support the contention that preceding binding of GATA2 helps the following binding of GATA1 and thereby secures smooth expression of the transient-phase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Center for Radioisotope Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Hematology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Krause BJ, Costello PM, Muñoz-Urrutia E, Lillycrop KA, Hanson MA, Casanello P. Role of DNA methyltransferase 1 on the altered eNOS expression in human umbilical endothelium from intrauterine growth restricted fetuses. Epigenetics 2013; 8:944-52. [PMID: 23867713 DOI: 10.4161/epi.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced fetal growth associates with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in both young and adult offspring and the nitric oxide (NO) system has been implicated in these effects. Epigenetic processes are likely to underlie such effects, but there is to date no evidence that endothelial dysfunction in early life results from epigenetic processes on key genes in the NO system, such as NOS3 (eNOS) and ARG2 (arginase-2). We determined basal DNA methylation status in NOS3 and ARG2 promoters, and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) effect on eNOS and arginase-2 expression using human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical arteries (HUAEC) and veins (HUVEC) from control and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. Compared with cells from control pregnancies, eNOS protein and mRNA levels were increased in HUAEC, but decreased in HUVEC, from IUGR, while arginase-2 levels were increased in IUGR-HUVEC. The NOS3 promoter showed a decrease in DNA methylation at CpG -352 in IUGR-HUAEC, and an increase in IUGR-HUVEC, when compared with control cells. Methylation in the hypoxia response element of the NOS3 promoter was increased in IUGR-HUAEC and decreased in HUVEC. Methylation in the AGR2 promoter in IUGR-HUVEC was decreased in a putative HRE, and without changes in IUGR-HUAEC. Silencing of DNMT1 expression normalized eNOS expression in IUGR endothelial cells, and restored the normal response to hypoxia in HUVEC, without effects on arginase-2. This data suggest that eNOS expression in IUGR-derived endothelial cells is programmed by altered DNA methylation, and can be reversed by transient silencing of the DNA methylation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago, Chile
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50
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Abstract
The establishment and maintenance of the vascular system is critical for embryonic development and postnatal life. Defects in endothelial cell development and vessel formation and function lead to embryonic lethality and are important in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. Here, we review the underlying molecular mechanisms of endothelial cell differentiation, plasticity, and the development of the vasculature. This review focuses on the interplay among transcription factors and signaling molecules that specify the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells. We also discuss recent progress on reprogramming of somatic cells toward distinct endothelial cell lineages and its promise in regenerative vascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, The University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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