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Wu HH, Leng S, Sergi C, Leng R. How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5865. [PMID: 38892054 PMCID: PMC11172831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
| | - Sarah Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada (C.S.)
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
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2
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Li Y, Giovannini S, Wang T, Fang J, Li P, Shao C, Wang Y, Shi Y, Candi E, Melino G, Bernassola F. p63: a crucial player in epithelial stemness regulation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3371-3384. [PMID: 37848625 PMCID: PMC10638092 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tissue homeostasis is closely associated with the self-renewal and differentiation behaviors of epithelial stem cells (ESCs). p63, a well-known marker of ESCs, is an indispensable factor for their biological activities during epithelial development. The diversity of p63 isoforms expressed in distinct tissues allows this transcription factor to have a wide array of effects. p63 coordinates the transcription of genes involved in cell survival, stem cell self-renewal, migration, differentiation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through the regulation of these biological processes, p63 contributes to, not only normal epithelial development, but also epithelium-derived cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of p63 in epithelial stemness regulation, including self-renewal, differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. We describe the differential expression of TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and their distinct functional activities in normal epithelial tissues and in epithelium-derived tumors. Furthermore, we summarize the signaling cascades modulating the TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms as well as their downstream pathways in stemness regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Sara Giovannini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Tingting Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Peishan Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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3
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Wang J, Jia C, Gao Q, Zhang J, Gu X. iASPP regulates neurite development by interacting with Spectrin proteins. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1154770. [PMID: 37284462 PMCID: PMC10240065 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1154770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since its discovery in 1999, a substantial body of research has shown that iASPP is highly expressed in various kinds of tumors, interacts with p53, and promotes cancer cell survival by antagonizing the apoptotic activity of p53. However, its role in neurodevelopment is still unknown. Methods We studied the role of iASPP in neuronal differentiation through different neuronal differentiation cellular models, combined with immunohistochemistry, RNA interference and gene overexpression, and studied the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of neuronal development by iASPP through coimmunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (CoIP-MS) and coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP). Results In this study, we found that the expression of iASPP gradually decreased during neuronal development. iASPP silencing promotes neuronal differentiation, while its overexpression inhibited neurite differentiation in a variety of neuronal differentiation cellular models. iASPP associated with the cytoskeleton-related protein Sptan1 and dephosphorylated the serine residues in the last spectrin repeat domain of Sptan1 by recruiting PP1. The non-phosphorylated and phosphomimetic mutant form of Sptbn1 inhibited and promoted neuronal cell development respectively. Conclusion Overall, we demonstrate that iASPP suppressed neurite development by inhibiting phosphorylation of Sptbn1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Neonatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi Gu
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Xu Y, Yang X, Xiong Q, Han J, Zhu Q. The dual role of p63 in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1116061. [PMID: 37182132 PMCID: PMC10174455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1116061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 family is made up of three transcription factors: p53, p63, and p73. These proteins are well-known regulators of cell function and play a crucial role in controlling various processes related to cancer progression, including cell division, proliferation, genomic stability, cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. In response to extra- or intracellular stress or oncogenic stimulation, all members of the p53 family are mutated in structure or altered in expression levels to affect the signaling network, coordinating many other pivotal cellular processes. P63 exists as two main isoforms (TAp63 and ΔNp63) that have been contrastingly discovered; the TA and ΔN isoforms exhibit distinguished properties by promoting or inhibiting cancer progression. As such, p63 isoforms comprise a fully mysterious and challenging regulatory pathway. Recent studies have revealed the intricate role of p63 in regulating the DNA damage response (DDR) and its impact on diverse cellular processes. In this review, we will highlight the significance of how p63 isoforms respond to DNA damage and cancer stem cells, as well as the dual role of TAp63 and ΔNp63 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Xu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qunli Xiong
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
| | - Qing Zhu
- Abdominal Oncology Ward, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Zhu, ; Junhong Han,
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5
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Al Moussawi K, Chung K, Carroll TM, Osterburg C, Smirnov A, Lotz R, Miller P, Dedeić Z, Zhong S, Oti M, Kouwenhoven EN, Asher R, Goldin R, Tellier M, Murphy S, Zhou H, Dötsch V, Lu X. Mutant Ras and inflammation-driven skin tumorigenesis is suppressed via a JNK-iASPP-AP1 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111503. [PMID: 36261000 PMCID: PMC9597577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Concurrent mutation of a RAS oncogene and the tumor suppressor p53 is common in tumorigenesis, and inflammation can promote RAS-driven tumorigenesis without the need to mutate p53. Here, we show, using a well-established mutant RAS and an inflammation-driven mouse skin tumor model, that loss of the p53 inhibitor iASPP facilitates tumorigenesis. Specifically, iASPP regulates expression of a subset of p63 and AP1 targets, including genes involved in skin differentiation and inflammation, suggesting that loss of iASPP in keratinocytes supports a tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanistically, JNK-mediated phosphorylation regulates iASPP function and inhibits iASPP binding with AP1 components, such as JUND, via PXXP/SH3 domain-mediated interaction. Our results uncover a JNK-iASPP-AP1 regulatory axis that is crucial for tissue homeostasis. We show that iASPP is a tumor suppressor and an AP1 coregulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatoun Al Moussawi
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Kathryn Chung
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Thomas M Carroll
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christian Osterburg
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Artem Smirnov
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Lotz
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Miller
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Zinaida Dedeić
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Shan Zhong
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin Oti
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Evelyn N Kouwenhoven
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Asher
- Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Histopathology, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - Robert Goldin
- Department of Pathology, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine at St Mary's, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Radboud University, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Centre, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xin Lu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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6
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Shining Light on Autophagy in Skin Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192999. [PMID: 36230960 PMCID: PMC9563738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover. Autophagy activity is involved in skin phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance and, if altered, it concurs to the onset and/or progression of hypopigmentary and hyperpigmentary disorders. Overexpression of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress occurring in vitiligo skin, while its dysfunction has been linked to the tuberous sclerosis complex hypopigmentation. Again, autophagy impairment reduces melanosome degradation by concurring to pigment accumulation characterizing senile lentigo and melasma. Here we provide an updated review that describes recent findings on the crucial role of autophagy in skin pigmentation, thus revealing the complex interplay among melanocyte biology, skin environment and autophagy. Hence, targeting this process may also represent a promising strategy for treating pigmentary disorders.
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7
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Anti-Inflammatory microRNAs for Treating Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081072. [PMID: 36008966 PMCID: PMC9405611 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin inflammation occurs due to immune dysregulation because of internal disorders, infections, and allergic reactions. The inflammation of the skin is a major sign of chronic autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), and lupus erythematosus. Although there are many therapies for treating these cutaneous inflammation diseases, their recurrence rates are high due to incomplete resolution. MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a critical role in skin inflammation by regulating the expression of protein-coding genes at the posttranscriptional level during pathogenesis and homeostasis maintenance. Some miRNAs possess anti-inflammatory features, which are beneficial for mitigating the inflammatory response. miRNAs that are reduced in inflammatory skin diseases can be supplied transiently using miRNA mimics and agomir. miRNA-based therapies that can target multiple genes in a given pathway are potential candidates for the treatment of skin inflammation. This review article offers an overview of the function of miRNA in skin inflammation regulation, with a focus on psoriasis, AD, and cutaneous wounds. Some bioactive molecules can target and modulate miRNAs to achieve the objective of inflammation suppression. This review also reports the anti-inflammatory efficacy of these molecules through modulating miRNA expression. The main limitations of miRNA-based therapies are rapid biodegradation and poor skin and cell penetration. Consideration was given to improving these drawbacks using the approaches of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), nanocarriers, exosomes, and low-frequency ultrasound. A formulation design for successful miRNA delivery into skin and target cells is also described in this review. The possible use of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic modalities could open a novel opportunity for the diagnosis and treatment of inflammation-associated skin diseases.
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8
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Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1375-1392. [PMID: 35748701 PMCID: PMC9250260 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
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9
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MicroRNA31 and MMP-1 contribute to the differentiated pathway of invasion -with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:767-775. [PMID: 34647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and has been found to be enhanced in tumors originated from actinic keratosis with transformation limited to the basal epithelial layer -differentiated pathway-, compared to cases with invasion subsequent to complete epidermal transformation -classical pathway-. Several microRNAs and proteins can contribute to EMT modulation in cSCCs. MicroRNA21 and microRNA31 are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression and could play a relevant role in EMT and cSCC progression. Throughout the EMT process upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enhances invasiveness and MMP-1 and MMP-3 contribute to local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in cSCCs. Additionally, cSCC development is associated with PTEN loss and NF-κB, NOTCH-1 and p63 activation. The aim of this work is to identify differences in the expression of those molecules between both pathways of cSCCs development. Eight tissue microarrays from 80 consecutive cSCCs were analyzed using LNA-based miRNA in situ hybridization for miRNA21 and miRNA31 evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-3, PTEN, NOTCH-1, NF-κB, p63 and CD31. Significantly higher expression of miRNA31 (p < 0.0001) and MMP-1 (p = 0.0072) and angiogenesis (p = 0.0199) were found in the differentiated pathway, whereas PTEN loss (p = 0.0430) was more marked in the classical pathway. No significant differences were found for the other markers. Our findings support a contribution of miRNA31 and MMP-1 in the differentiated pathway, associated to EMT and increased microvascularization. The greater PTEN loss in the classical pathway indicate that its relevance in cSCC is not EMT-related.
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10
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Kumar S, Ashraf MU, Kumar A, Bae YS. Therapeutic Potential of microRNA Against Th2-associated Immune Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:753-766. [PMID: 33655864 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ~18-22 nucleotide, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules playing a crucial role in regulating diverse biological processes and are frequently dysregulated during disease pathogenesis. Thus, targeting miRNA could be a potential candidate for therapeutic invention. This systemic review aims to summarize our current understanding regarding the role of miRNAs associated with Th2-mediated immune disorders and strategies for therapeutic drug development and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Anil Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram-122413, India
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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11
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miR-720 Regulates Insulin Secretion by Targeting Rab35. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6662612. [PMID: 33880375 PMCID: PMC8046542 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs pose a good prospect in the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study is aimed at investigating whether miR-720 targets Rab35 to regulate insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and its molecular mechanism and the clinical value of miR-720 as a specific biomarker of T2D. Fifty-five samples of new diagnosis T2D patients and normal control were collected. Levels of miR-720, fasting blood glucose, insulin, and other indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism were determined. We increased and decreased the miR-720 expression using miR-720 mimic and inhibitor to identify the effect of miR-720 on insulin secretion in MIN6 cells, respectively. Then, we used miR-720 mimic, miR-720 inhibitor, and dual luciferase reporter gene assays to prove miR-720 which regulates insulin secretion by targeting Rab35 in MIN6 cells. In addition, we overexpressed and silenced the Rab35 gene to detect the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR in MIN6 cells by RT-PCR and western blot. In this study, circulating miR-720 was significantly higher in the T2D group than the control group, and miR-270 was positive correlated with FBG, while negatively correlated with FINS. The overexpression of miR-720 inhibited insulin secretion, and miR-720 downregulation promoted insulin secretion. miR-720 regulated insulin secretion by targeting Rab35 in MIN6 cells. Compared with the control group, the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR was significantly decreased by the overexpression of the Rab35 gene, while the silencing Rab35 gene could induce the expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR. Furthermore, miR-720 mimic could activate the PI3K pathway. We conclude that miR-720 may be a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of T2D. Increase of miR-720 reduced the Rab35 expression then activate the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathway, thus inhibiting insulin secretion.
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12
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Baumann R, Untersmayr E, Zissler UM, Eyerich S, Adcock IM, Brockow K, Biedermann T, Ollert M, Chaker AM, Pfaar O, Garn H, Thwaites RS, Togias A, Kowalski ML, Hansel TT, Jakwerth CA, Schmidt‐Weber CB. Noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques for the diagnosis and management of allergic diseases. Allergy 2021; 76:1010-1023. [PMID: 33128851 DOI: 10.1111/all.14645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases of the (upper and lower) airways, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract, are on the rise, resulting in impaired quality of life, decreased productivity, and increased healthcare costs. As allergic diseases are mostly tissue-specific, local sampling methods for respective biomarkers offer the potential for increased sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, local sampling using noninvasive or minimally invasive methods can be cost-effective and well tolerated, which may even be suitable for primary or home care sampling. Non- or minimally invasive local sampling and diagnostics may enable a more thorough endotyping, may help to avoid under- or overdiagnosis, and may provide the possibility to approach precision prevention, due to early diagnosis of these local diseases even before they get systemically manifested and detectable. At the same time, dried blood samples may help to facilitate minimal-invasive primary or home care sampling for classical systemic diagnostic approaches. This EAACI position paper contains a thorough review of the various technologies in allergy diagnosis available on the market, which analytes or biomarkers are employed, and which samples or matrices can be used. Based on this assessment, EAACI position is to drive these developments to efficiently identify allergy and possibly later also viral epidemics and take advantage of comprehensive knowledge to initiate preventions and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Baumann
- Medical Faculty Institute for Molecular Medicine Medical School Hamburg (MSH) – Medical University Hamburg Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Hospital Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Aachen Germany
| | - Eva Untersmayr
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Stefanie Eyerich
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Ian M. Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Knut Brockow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein School of Medicine Technische Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center Odense Research Centre for Anaphylaxis (ORCA) University of Southern Denmark Odense Denmark
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
- Department of Otolaryngology Allergy Section Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery University Hospital Marburg Philipps‐Universität Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Biochemical Pharmacological Center (BPC) ‐ Molecular Diagnostics, Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics Philipps University of Marburg ‐ Medical Faculty Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC) Marburg Germany
| | - Ryan S. Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Alkis Togias
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Marek L. Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy Medical University of Lodz Lodz Poland
| | - Trevor T. Hansel
- National Heart and Lung Institute Imperial College London, and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust London UK
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Technical University and Helmholtz Zentrum München München Germany
- Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) and the Helmholtz I&I Initiative Munich Germany
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13
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Tam C, Rao S, Waye MMY, Ng TB, Wang CC. Autophagy signals orchestrate chemoresistance of gynecological cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188525. [PMID: 33600824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gynecological cancers are characterized by a high mortality rate when chemoresistance develops. Autophagy collaborates with apoptosis and participates in homeostasis of chemoresistance. Recent findings supported that crosstalk of necrotic, apoptotic and autophagic factors, and chemotherapy-driven hypoxia, oxidative stress and ER stress play critical roles in chemoresistance in gynecological cancers. Meanwhile, current studies have shown that autophagy could be regulated by and cooperate with metabolic regulator, survival factors, stemness factors and specific post-translation modification in chemoresistant tumor cells. Meanwhile, non-coding RNA and autophagy crosstalk also contribute to the chemoresistance. Until now, analysis of individual autophagy factors towards the clinical significance and chemoresistance in gynecological cancer is still lacking. We suggest comprehensive integrated analysis of cellular homeostasis and tumor microenvironment to clarify the role of autophagy and the associated factors in cancer progression and chemoresistance. Panel screening of pan-autophagic factors will pioneer the development of risk models for predicting efficacy of chemotherapy and guidelines for systematic treatment and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chit Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shitao Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Mary Miu Yee Waye
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Reproduction and Development Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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14
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Belinostat resolves skin barrier defects in atopic dermatitis by targeting the dysregulated miR-335:SOX6 axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:606-620.e12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Lee AY. The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165781. [PMID: 32806619 PMCID: PMC7460865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell-cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, 814 Siksa-dong, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-773, Korea
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16
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The Role of microRNAs in Organismal and Skin Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155281. [PMID: 32722415 PMCID: PMC7432402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process starts directly after birth and lasts for the entire lifespan; it manifests itself with a decline in an organism’s ability to adapt and is linked to the development of age-related diseases that eventually lead to premature death. This review aims to explore how microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in skin functioning and aging. Recent evidence has suggested that miRNAs regulate all aspects of cutaneous biogenesis, functionality, and aging. It has been noted that some miRNAs were down-regulated in long-lived individuals, such as let-7, miR-17, and miR-34 (known as longevity-related miRNAs). They are conserved in humans and presumably promote lifespan prolongation; conversely, they are up-regulated in age-related diseases, like cancers. The analysis of the age-associated cutaneous miRNAs revealed the increased expression of miR-130, miR-138, and miR-181a/b in keratinocytes during replicative senescence. These miRNAs affected cell proliferation pathways via targeting the p63 and Sirtuin 1 mRNAs. Notably, miR-181a was also implicated in skin immunosenescence, represented by the Langerhans cells. Dermal fibroblasts also expressed increased the levels of the biomarkers of aging that affect telomere maintenance and all phases of the cellular life cycle, such as let-7, miR-23a-3p, 34a-5p, miR-125a, miR-181a-5p, and miR-221/222-3p. Among them, the miR-34 family, stimulated by ultraviolet B irradiation, deteriorates collagen in the extracellular matrix due to the activation of the matrix metalloproteinases and thereby potentiates wrinkle formation. In addition to the pro-aging effects of miRNAs, the plausible antiaging activity of miR-146a that antagonized the UVA-induced inhibition of proliferation and suppressed aging-related genes (e.g., p21WAF-1, p16, and p53) through targeting Smad4 has also been noticed. Nevertheless, the role of miRNAs in skin aging is still not fully elucidated and needs to be further discovered and explained.
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17
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Lu Y, Qi Y, Yan Y, Yao D, Deng H, Deng J, Ye S, Chen H, Chen Q, Gao H, Han L, Lu C. Analysis of microRNA expression in peripheral blood monocytes of three Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome types in psoriasis patients. Chin Med 2020; 15:39. [PMID: 32377228 PMCID: PMC7193417 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze the expression of miRNA (microRNA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with Psoriasis vulgaris with different TCM syndromes by miRNA chip. It further revealed the micromaterial basis of different syndrome types of psoriasis at the miRNA level. Methods Peripheral blood monocytes were collected and prepared from 30 patients with Psoriasis vulgaris (including 9 patients of blood heat syndrome, 8 patients of blood stasis syndrome, and 13 patients of blood dry syndrome) and 9 healthy controls. The miRNA expression profile of peripheral blood monocytes was detected by Agilent Hum miRNA chip. Results Compared to the healthy control group, 156 upregulated and 242 downregulated miRNAs were detected in all psoriasis patients. Compared to the healthy control group, 40 miRNAs were upregulated and 44 were downregulated in the blood heat syndrome group. Furthermore, there were 49 upregulated miRNAs and 44 downregulated miRNAs in the dry syndrome group as compared to the healthy control group. Also, 67 miRNAs were upregulated and 154 miRNAs were downregulated in the blood stasis syndrome group as compared to the healthy control group. Conclusions There are common different miRNAs and pathways, as well as specific miRNAs between the psoriasis and the healthy control groups. Trial registration ChiCTR-TRC-14005185 registered on August 8, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lu
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Qi
- Shanghai Molecular Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, 201203 China.,Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Yuhong Yan
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Yao
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Deng
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Ye
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Haiming Chen
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Qubo Chen
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Shanghai Molecular Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai, 201203 China.,Shanghai National Engineering Research Center of Biochip, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Ling Han
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- 1Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,3The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China.,4Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, 510006 Guangdong People's Republic of China
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18
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The Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma : Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cutaneous SCC. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:47. [PMID: 32350682 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT The capacity of cells to modify their phenotypes from epithelial to mesenchymal (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT) and vice versa provides them with a dynamic plasticity essential for human life, from embryogenesis to wound healing. Current knowledge about carcinogenetic mechanisms leaves little doubts on the pivotal participation of these interchangeable processes in cancer development, and their influence has been quite clearly established in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. A complex and ordered interplay of signals induces the shift between both phenotypes, providing cells with the most suitable state at every moment to face the next step in tumor invasion and dissemination. Some stimulatory triggers have opposite effects according to the biological context and in many cases exert collateral functions. This scenario makes finding an ideal therapeutic target difficult but provides the opportunity to intervene simultaneously at many different levels with small actions such as targeting the tumor environment. In any case, advances in knowledge of the EMT mechanisms and their influence on carcinogenesis and drug resistance will greatly influence the therapeutic strategies for many human tumors, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
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19
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Identification of miRNA signatures in serum exosomes as a potential biomarker after radiotherapy treatment in glioma patients. Ann Diagn Pathol 2019; 44:151436. [PMID: 31865249 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2019.151436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite development in therapies, the high recurrence and low positivity of biomarkers for diagnosis still result in glioma with high mortality. In this study, we aimed to identify a potential miRNA signature to evaluate the effect of radiotherapy in glioma patients. MicroRNA (miRNA) sequencing was performed on miRNAs isolated from serum exosomes in a cohort of glioma patients before and after radiotherapy. A total of 18 up-regulated differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs and 16 down-regulated DE miRNAs were identified. Subsequently, the target genes of DE miRNAs were predicted based on multiple miRNA-target databases. Further, it was indicated that these targets were primarily involved in metabolic process, p53 signaling pathway and cancer pathways, suggesting that these miRNAs play a crucial role in glioma by regulating targets and affect the occurrence and development of the disease. In general, this study presented the variation of miRNAs in blood exosomes before and after radiotherapy. It can not only be helpful for the diagnosis of glioma, but also find new candidate biomarkers for monitoring the condition and evaluating the efficacy of radiotherapy in glioma. It provides a new idea for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation of glioma.
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20
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Smirnov A, Anemona L, Novelli F, Piro CM, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Candi E. p63 Is a Promising Marker in the Diagnosis of Unusual Skin Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5781. [PMID: 31744230 PMCID: PMC6888618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Ozone depletion and climate changes might cause a further increase in the incidence rate in the future. Although the early detection of skin cancer enables it to be treated successfully, some tumours can evolve and become more aggressive, especially in the case of melanoma. Therefore, good diagnostic and prognostic markers are needed to ensure correct detection and treatment. Transcription factor p63, a member of the p53 family of proteins, plays an essential role in the development of stratified epithelia such as skin. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of p63 expression in different types of skin cancer and discuss its possible use in the diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Smirnov
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina M. Piro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- MRC-Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata-IRCCS, 00163 Rome, Italy
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21
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Chan KK, Wong ESY, Wong ITL, Cheung CLY, Wong OGW, Ngan HYS, Cheung ANY. Overexpression of iASPP is required for autophagy in response to oxidative stress in choriocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:953. [PMID: 31615473 PMCID: PMC6792270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a heterogeneous group of diseases developed from trophoblasts. ASPP (Ankyrin-repeat, SH3-domain and proline-rich region containing protein) family proteins, ASPP1 and ASPP2, have been reported to be dysregulated in GTD. They modulate p53 activities and are responsible for multiple cellular processes. Nevertheless, the functional role of the ASPP family inhibitory member, iASPP, is not well characterized in GTD. Methods To study the functional role of iASPP in GTD, trophoblastic tissues from normal placentas, hydatidiform mole (HM) and choriocarcinoma were used for immunohistochemistry, whereas siRNAs were used to manipulate iASPP expression in choriocarcinoma cell lines and study the subsequent molecular changes. Results We demonstrated that iASPP was overexpressed in both HM and choriocarcinoma when compared to normal placenta. Progressive increase in iASPP expression from HM to choriocarcinoma suggests that iASPP may be related to the development of trophoblastic malignancy. High iASPP expression in HM was also significantly associated with a high expression of autophagy-related protein LC3. Interestingly, iASPP silencing retarded the growth of choriocarcinoma through senescence instead of induction of apoptosis. LC3 expression decreased once iASPP was knocked down, suggesting a downregulation on autophagy. This may be due to iASPP downregulation rendered decrease in Atg5 expression and concomitantly hindered autophagy in choriocarcinoma cells. Autophagy inhibition per se had no effect on the growth of choriocarcinoma cells but increased the susceptibility of choriocarcinoma cells to oxidative stress, implying a protective role of iASPP against oxidative stress through autophagy in choriocarcinoma. Conclusions iASPP regulates growth and the cellular responses towards oxidative stress in choriocarcinoma cells. Its overexpression is advantageous to the pathogenesis of GTD. (266 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Esther Shuk-Ying Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ivy Tsz-Lo Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Oscar Gee-Wan Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Pathology, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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22
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Epigenetic Regulation of iASPP-p63 Feedback Loop in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:1658-1671.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Specjalski K, Jassem E. MicroRNAs: Potential Biomarkers and Targets of Therapy in Allergic Diseases? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:213-223. [PMID: 31139837 PMCID: PMC6597590 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that are 18-22 nucleotides long and highly conserved throughout evolution. Currently, they are considered one of the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of genes expression. It has been demonstrated that miRNAs are involved in many biologic processes, such as signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis and stress responses. More recently, the role of miRNA has also been revealed in numerous immunological and inflammatory disorders, including allergic inflammation. Specific miRNA profiles were demonstrated in asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. A core set of miRNAs involved in atopic diseases include upregulated miR-21, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-142-5p, miR-142-3p, miR-146b, miR-155 and downregulated let-7 family, miR-193b and miR-375. Most of the involved miRNAs increase secretion of Th2 cytokines (miR-1248, miR-146b), decrease secretion of Th1 cytokines (miR-513-5p, miR-625-5p) or promote differentiation of T cells towards Th2 (miR-21, miR-19a). In asthma miR-140-3p, miR-708 and miR-142-3p play a role in hyperplasia and hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscle cells. Some single miRNAs or, more probably, their sets hold the promise for their use as biomarkers of atopic diseases. They are also promising target of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Specjalski
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ewa Jassem
- Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
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24
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Molecular Mechanisms of p63-Mediated Squamous Cancer Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143590. [PMID: 31340447 PMCID: PMC6678256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p63 gene is a member of the p53/p63/p73 family of transcription factors and plays a critical role in development and homeostasis of squamous epithelium. p63 is transcribed as multiple isoforms; ΔNp63α, the predominant p63 isoform in stratified squamous epithelium, is localized to the basal cells and is overexpressed in squamous cell cancers of multiple organ sites, including skin, head and neck, and lung. Further, p63 is considered a stem cell marker, and within the epidermis, ΔNp63α directs lineage commitment. ΔNp63α has been implicated in numerous processes of skin biology that impact normal epidermal homeostasis and can contribute to squamous cancer pathogenesis by supporting proliferation and survival with roles in blocking terminal differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence, and influencing adhesion and migration. ΔNp63α overexpression may also influence the tissue microenvironment through remodeling of the extracellular matrix and vasculature, as well as by enhancing cytokine and chemokine secretion to recruit pro-inflammatory infiltrate. This review focuses on the role of ΔNp63α in normal epidermal biology and how dysregulation can contribute to cutaneous squamous cancer development, drawing from knowledge also gained by squamous cancers from other organ sites that share p63 overexpression as a defining feature.
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25
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Poloni G, Calore M, Rigato I, Marras E, Minervini G, Mazzotti E, Lorenzon A, Li Mura IEA, Telatin A, Zara I, Simionati B, Perazzolo Marra M, Ponti J, Occhi G, Vitiello L, Daliento L, Thiene G, Basso C, Corrado D, Tosatto S, Bauce B, Rampazzo A, De Bortoli M. A targeted next-generation gene panel reveals a novel heterozygous nonsense variant in the TP63 gene in patients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:773-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Chan KK, Wong OGW, Wong ESY, Chan KKL, Ip PPC, Tse KY, Cheung ANY. Impact of iASPP on chemoresistance through PLK1 and autophagy in ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1456-1469. [PMID: 29663364 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a type of epithelial ovarian cancer that is strongly associated with endometriosis, resistance against conventional chemotherapy and thus poorer prognosis. The expression of inhibitory member of the ASPP family proteins (iASPP) and Polo-like kinase (PLK)1 were significantly higher in OCCC compared to benign cystadenomas and endometriosis. Both protein expressions were found to correlate with chemoresistance in patients with OCCC while high iASPP expression alone was significantly associated with a poor patient survival. The growth of OCCC cell lines, OVTOKO and KK, were inhibited after iASPP silencing. Such effect was related to senescence triggering as evidenced by increased SA-β-Gal staining and p21WAF1/Cip1 expression. Moreover, knockdown of iASPP induced PLK1 downregulation, whereas either genes' silencing sensitized the cells in response to cisplatin treatment. More prominent apoptosis was induced by cisplatin in OCCC cells after the knockdown of either iASPP or PLK1 as evidenced by the formation of more cleaved caspase 3. Heightened chemosensitivity to cisplatin after iASPP knockdown was further demonstrated in in vivo xenograft model. Additionally, both iASPP and PLK1 were shown to regulate autophagic flux as the induction of LC3B-II and LC3 puncta were much less in OCCC cells with either knockdown. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy also enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin in OCCC cells. These findings strongly imply that iASPP and PLK1 affect the chemoresistance of OCCC via the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Both iASPP and PLK1 can be potential therapeutic targets for treating OCCC in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cisplatin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Prognosis
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Kui Chan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar Gee-Wan Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Esther Shuk-Ying Wong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Kar-Loen Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Philip Pun-Ching Ip
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Ka-Yu Tse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
| | - Annie Nga-Yin Cheung
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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27
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Xu M, Gan T, Ning H, Wang L. MicroRNA Functions in Thymic Biology: Thymic Development and Involution. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2063. [PMID: 30254640 PMCID: PMC6141719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the entire processes of thymus organogenesis, maturation, and involution, gene regulation occurs post-transcriptionally via recently discovered microRNA (miRNA) transcripts. Numerous reports indicate that miRNAs may be involved in the construction of a normal thymic microenvironment, which constitutes a critical component to support T lymphocyte development. MiRNAs are also expressed in thymic stromal cells including thymic epithelial cells (TECs) during maturation and senescence. This review focuses on the function of miRNAs in thymic development and involution. A better understanding of these processes will provide new insights into the regulatory network of TECs and further comprehension of how genes control TECs to maintain the thymic microenvironment during thymus development and aging, thus supporting a normal cellular immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tao Gan
- Department of Biotechnology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Huiting Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Liefeng Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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28
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Khosravi M, Azarpira N, Shamdani S, Hojjat-Assari S, Naserian S, Karimi MH. Differentiation of umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells to hepatocyte cells by transfection of miR-106a, miR-574-3p, and miR-451. Gene 2018; 667:1-9. [PMID: 29763649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the profile of micro RNAs (miRs) elucidated the highest expressed miRs in hepatic differentiation. In this study, we investigated to clarify the role of three embryonic overexpressed miRs (miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451) during hepatic differentiation of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). We furthermore, aimed to explore whether overexpression of any of these miRs alone is sufficient to induce the differentiation of the UC-MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. UC-MSCs were transfected either alone or together with miR-106a, miR-574-3p and miR-451 and their potential hepatic differentiation and alteration in gene expression profile, morphological changes and albumin secretion ability were investigated. We found that up-regulation of any of these three miRs alone cannot induce expression of all hepatic specific genes. Transfection of each miR alone, led to Sox17, FoxA2 expression that are related to initiation step of hepatic differentiation. However, concurrent ectopic overexpression of three miRs together can induce UC-MSCs differentiation into functionally mature hepatocytes. These results show that miRs have the capability to directly convert UC-MSCs to a hepatocyte phenotype in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khosravi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sara Shamdani
- ERL CNRS 9215, CRRET Laboratory, Créteil, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Suzzan Hojjat-Assari
- Institut Français de Recherche et d'Enseignement Supérieur à l'International (IFRES-INT), Paris, France.
| | - Sina Naserian
- Inserm, U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, 94807 Villejuif, France; SivanCell, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.
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29
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Hufbauer M, Maltseva M, Meinrath J, Lechner A, Beutner D, Huebbers CU, Akgül B. HPV16 increases the number of migratory cancer stem cells and modulates their miRNA expression profile in oropharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:1426-1439. [PMID: 29663357 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a major risk for development of oropharyngeal squamous-cell-carcinoma (OPSCC). Although HPV+ OPSCC metastasize faster than HPV- tumors, they have a better prognosis. The molecular and cellular alterations underlying this pathobiology of HPV+ OPSCC remain elusive. In this study, we examined whether expression of HPV16-E6E7 targets the number of migratory and stationary cancer stem cells (CSC). Furthermore, we wanted to elucidate if aberrantly expressed miRNAs in migratory CSC may be responsible for progression of OPSCCs and whether they may serve as potential novel biomarkers for increased potential of metastasis. Our studies revealed that HPV16-E6E7 expression leads to an increase in the number of stationary (CD44high /EpCAMhigh ) stem cells in primary keratinocyte cultures. Most importantly, expression of E6E7 in the cell line H357 increased the migratory (CD44high /EpCAMlow ) CSC pool. This increase in migratory CSCs could also be confirmed in HPV+ OPSCC. Differentially expressed miRNAs from HPV16-E6E7 positive CD44high /EpCAMlow CSCs were validated by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization on HPV16+ OPSCCs. These experiments led to the identification of miR-3194-5p, which is upregulated in primary HPV16+ OPSCC and matched metastasis. MiR-1281 was also found to be highly expressed in HPV+ and HPV- metastasis. As inhibition of this miRNA led to a markedly reduction of CD44high /EpCAMlow cells, it may prove to be a promising drug target. Taken together, our findings highlight the capability of HPV16 to modify the phenotype of infected stem cells and that miR-1281 and miR3194-5p may represent promising targets to block metastatic spread of OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hufbauer
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Margaret Maltseva
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Axel Lechner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Interventional Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian U Huebbers
- Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Otorhinolaryngological Research, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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30
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Arcidiacono P, Webb CM, Brooke MA, Zhou H, Delaney PJ, Ng KE, Blaydon DC, Tinker A, Kelsell DP, Chikh A. p63 is a key regulator of iRHOM2 signalling in the keratinocyte stress response. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1021. [PMID: 29523849 PMCID: PMC5844915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperproliferative keratinocytes induced by trauma, hyperkeratosis and/or inflammation display molecular signatures similar to those of palmoplantar epidermis. Inherited gain-of-function mutations in RHBDF2 (encoding iRHOM2) are associated with a hyperproliferative palmoplantar keratoderma and squamous oesophageal cancer syndrome (termed TOC). In contrast, genetic ablation of rhbdf2 in mice leads to a thinning of the mammalian footpad, and reduces keratinocyte hyperproliferation and migration. Here, we report that iRHOM2 is a novel target gene of p63 and that both p63 and iRHOM2 differentially regulate cellular stress-associated signalling pathways in normal and hyperproliferative keratinocytes. We demonstrate that p63-iRHOM2 regulates cell survival and response to oxidative stress via modulation of SURVIVIN and Cytoglobin, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant compound Sulforaphane downregulates p63-iRHOM2 expression, leading to reduced proliferation, inflammation, survival and ROS production. These findings elucidate a novel p63-associated pathway that identifies iRHOM2 modulation as a potential therapeutic target to treat hyperproliferative skin disease and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Arcidiacono
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Catherine M Webb
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Matthew A Brooke
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Delaney
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Keat-Eng Ng
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Diana C Blaydon
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Andrew Tinker
- The Heart Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - David P Kelsell
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK.
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31
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Liu K, Yao H, Lei S, Xiong L, Qi H, Qian K, Liu J, Wang P, Zhao H. The miR-124-p63 feedback loop modulates colorectal cancer growth. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29101-29115. [PMID: 28418858 PMCID: PMC5438716 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the diverse co-regulatory relationships between transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), feedback loops have received the most extensive research attention. The co-regulation of TFs and miRNAs plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) growth. Here, we show that miR-124 can regulate two isoforms of p63, TAp63 and ΔNp63, via iASPP, while p63 modulates signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) expression by targeting miR-155. Moreover, STAT1 acts as a regulator of CRC growth by targeting miR-124. Taken together, these results reveal a feedback loop between miRNAs and TFs. This feedback loop comprises miR-124, iASPP, STAT1, miR-155, TAp63 and ΔNp63, which are essential for CRC growth. Moreover, this feedback loop is perturbed in human colon carcinomas, which suggests that the manipulation of this microRNA-TF feedback loop has therapeutic potential for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hongliang Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Sanlin Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Haizhi Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ke Qian
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jiqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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32
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The lncRNA XIST interacts with miR-140/miR-124/iASPP axis to promote pancreatic carcinoma growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113701-113718. [PMID: 29371940 PMCID: PMC5768357 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) is involved in the development and progression of many tumors. In this study, XIST was specifically upregulated in pancreatic carcinoma tissues and cell lines; a higher XIST expression was correlated to poorer clinicopathologic features. After XIST knockdown, the proliferation of PC cell lines was suppressed and cell cycle stagnated in G1 phase; XIST knockdown also reduced the protein levels of inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) and Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), increased the protein level of P21, a potent CDK inhibitor. In PC cell lines, XIST and miR-140/miR-124, two tumor-associated miRNAs, could inversely regulate each other, respectively; miR-140/miR-124 could bind to XIST and the 3’UTR of PPP1R13L, respectively. XIST and miR-140/miR-124 exerted opposite effects on iASPP, CDK1, P21 and P27 proteins; whereas the effects of LV-sh-XIST on the indicated protein levels could be partially reversed by miR-140 and/or miR-124 inhibitor. In PC tissues, miR-140 and miR-124 expression was down-regulated, iASPP and CDK1 mRNA expression was up-regulated. XIST positively correlated with iASPP and CDK1, inversely correlated with miR-140 and miR-124, respectively. Taken together, our data indicated that XIST might be an oncogenic lncRNA that promoted proliferation of PC cell line through inhibiting miR-140/miR-124 expression and promoting cell cycle-related factor expression, and could be regarded as a therapeutic target in human pancreatic carcinoma.
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33
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Falik-Zaccai TC, Barsheshet Y, Mandel H, Segev M, Lorber A, Gelberg S, Kalfon L, Ben Haroush S, Shalata A, Gelernter-Yaniv L, Chaim S, Raviv Shay D, Khayat M, Werbner M, Levi I, Shoval Y, Tal G, Shalev S, Reuveni E, Avitan-Hersh E, Vlodavsky E, Appl-Sarid L, Goldsher D, Bergman R, Segal Z, Bitterman-Deutsch O, Avni O. Sequence variation in PPP1R13L results in a novel form of cardio-cutaneous syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:319-336. [PMID: 28069640 PMCID: PMC5331242 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a life-threatening disorder whose genetic basis is heterogeneous and mostly unknown. Five Arab Christian infants, aged 4-30 months from four families, were diagnosed with DCM associated with mild skin, teeth, and hair abnormalities. All passed away before age 3. A homozygous sequence variation creating a premature stop codon at PPP1R13L encoding the iASPP protein was identified in three infants and in the mother of the other two. Patients' fibroblasts and PPP1R13L-knocked down human fibroblasts presented higher expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in response to lipopolysaccharide, as well as Ppp1r13l-knocked down murine cardiomyocytes and hearts of Ppp1r13l-deficient mice. The hypersensitivity to lipopolysaccharide was NF-κB-dependent, and its inducible binding activity to promoters of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes was elevated in patients' fibroblasts. RNA sequencing of Ppp1r13l-knocked down murine cardiomyocytes and of hearts derived from different stages of DCM development in Ppp1r13l-deficient mice revealed the crucial role of iASPP in dampening cardiac inflammatory response. Our results determined PPP1R13L as the gene underlying a novel autosomal-recessive cardio-cutaneous syndrome in humans and strongly suggest that the fatal DCM during infancy is a consequence of failure to regulate transcriptional pathways necessary for tuning cardiac threshold response to common inflammatory stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzipora C Falik-Zaccai
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel .,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yiftah Barsheshet
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hanna Mandel
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Meital Segev
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Avraham Lorber
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shachaf Gelberg
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Limor Kalfon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Shani Ben Haroush
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Adel Shalata
- The Winter Genetic Institute, Bnei Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Sarah Chaim
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Dorith Raviv Shay
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Morad Khayat
- The Genetic Institute, Ha'emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Michal Werbner
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inbar Levi
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Yishay Shoval
- Institute of Human Genetics, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Galit Tal
- Metabolic Disease Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stavit Shalev
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,The Genetic Institute, Ha'emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Eli Reuveni
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Eugene Vlodavsky
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Liat Appl-Sarid
- Department of Pathology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Dorit Goldsher
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Reuven Bergman
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zvi Segal
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Department of Ophthalmology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ora Bitterman-Deutsch
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.,Dermatology Clinic, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Orly Avni
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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34
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MicroRNAs Regulate Thymic Epithelium in Age-Related Thymic Involution via Down- or Upregulation of Transcription Factors. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:2528957. [PMID: 29226156 PMCID: PMC5684555 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2528957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related thymic involution is primarily induced by defects in nonhematopoietic thymic epithelial cells (TECs). It is characterized by dysfunction of multiple transcription factors (TFs), such as p63 and FoxN1, and also involves other TEC-associated regulators, such as Aire. These TFs and regulators are controlled by complicated regulatory networks, in which microRNAs (miRNAs) act as a key player. miRNAs can either directly target the 3'-UTRs (untranslated regions) of the TFs to suppress TF expression or target TF inhibitors to reduce or increase TF inhibitor expression and thereby indirectly enhance or inhibit TF expression. Here, we review the current understanding and recent studies about how miRNAs are involved in age-related thymic involution via regulation of TEC-autonomous TFs. We also discuss potential strategies for targeting miRNAs to rejuvenate age-related declined thymic function.
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35
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Ma Y, Zhu B, Liu X, Liu Z, Jiang L, Wei F, Yu M, Wu F, Zhou H, Xu N, Liu X, Yong L, Wang Y, Wang P, Liang C, He G. iASPP overexpression is associated with clinical outcome in spinal chordoma and influences cellular proliferation, invasion, and sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68365-68380. [PMID: 28978123 PMCID: PMC5620263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenetic function of inhibitory member of the apoptosis stimulating protein of p53 family (iASPP) in chordoma is unclear and remains to elucidate. The expression of iASPP in chordoma tissues and cells, its correlation to clinicopathological parameters and the effect on the patients’ prognosis were evaluated. Cellular proliferation, invasion and cisplatin-response were observed after the iASPP knockdown or overexpression in vitro. Co-Immunoprecipitation assay was used to explore the interaction between iASPP and p53. The regulation of miRNA-124 on the expression and apoptotic function of iASPP was explored after transiently transfecting cells with miRNA-124 mimics or inhibitor. Results indicated that iASPP overexpressed in chordoma tissues and cells. Its overexpression was associated with tumor invasion and local recurrence, and was predictive of patients’ poor prognosis. Cells with iASPP-silence showed a decreased ability of proliferation and invasion, but an increasing sensitivity to cisplatin. Besides, iASPP could combine with p53 in either endogenous or exogenous detection. Post-transcriptionally, miRNA-124 negatively regulated the expression of iASPP, which further led to the changes of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, iASPP overexpression is associated with the clinical outcome in spinal chordoma and influences cellular proliferation, invasion, and the sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- The Center for Pain Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fengliang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nanfang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Yong
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guanping He
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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36
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MicroRNAs in the skin: role in development, homoeostasis and regeneration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1923-1940. [PMID: 28705953 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system and possesses a vast number of functions. Due to the distinct layers of the skin and the variety of cells which populate each, a tightly regulated network of molecular signals control development and regeneration, whether due to programmed cell termination or injury. MicroRNAs (miRs) are a relatively recent discovery; they are a class of small non-coding RNAs which possess a multitude of biological functions due to their ability to regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional gene silencing. Of interest, is that a plethora of data demonstrates that a number of miRs are highly expressed within the skin, and are evidently key regulators of numerous vital processes to maintain non-aberrant functioning. Recently, miRs have been targeted as therapeutic interventions due to the ability of synthetic 'antagomiRs' to down-regulate abnormal miR expression, thereby potentiating wound healing and attenuating fibrotic processes which can contribute to disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). This review will provide an introduction to the structure and function of the skin and miR biogenesis, before summarizing the literature pertaining to the role of miRs. Finally, miR therapies will also be discussed, highlighting important future areas of research.
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Liang XG, Meng WT, Hu LJ, Li L, Xing H, Xie G, Wang AQ, Jia YQ. MicroRNA-184 Modulates Human Central Nervous System Lymphoma Cells Growth and Invasion by Targeting iASPP. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2645-2653. [PMID: 28012196 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-gong Liang
- Department of Hematology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Hematology; Mianyang Central Hospital; Chengdu 621000 China
| | - Wen-tong Meng
- Department of Hematology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lian-jie Hu
- Department of Hematology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Hongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology; Affiliated Southwest Medical University; Luzhou 646000 China
| | - Gan Xie
- Department of Pathology; Mianyang Central Hospital; Mianyang 621000 China
| | - An-qiong Wang
- Department of Pathology; Mianyang Central Hospital; Mianyang 621000 China
| | - Yong-qian Jia
- Department of Hematology; West China Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610041 China
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Expression of Peripheral Blood miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246 Can Be Used as a Predictor for Outcome in Multiple Myeloma Patients. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 17:415-423. [PMID: 28601493 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disorder, encompassing several related entities that share the common characteristic of being composed of monoclonal plasma cells (PCs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that control the expression of many target messenger RNAs involved in normal cell functions. Two serum microRNAs, miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246, were found to have potential as diagnostic biomarkers in myeloma. Therefore, we investigated a possible correlation of peripheral blood (PB) miRNA expression with diagnosis and prognosis. METHODS We measured the expression of PB miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246 in 60 newly diagnosed MM patients by quantitative real-time PCR analyses. And analysed the relationship about the expression levels of miRNAs with other clinical features. RESULTS The expression levels of PB miRNAs are significantly higher in myeloma patients compared to controls and do not change with age, gender, disease stage, hemoglobin, bone marrow PC percentage, β2 microglobulin, serum albumin, calcium serum, serum creatinine, and myeloma protein, and independent of the deletion of chromosome 13, suggesting that the expression levels of PB miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246 can be used as a diagnostic test for myeloma. We first discovered that increased expression of PB miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246 were associated with shorter progression-free survival, indicating poor prognosis. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that PB miRNA-720 and miRNA-1246 might act as a promoting factor in the development of MM and could be a diagnostic factor, therapeutic effect evaluator, and prognostic indicator in the prognosis of MM. The miRNAs have a significant value of appreciation of individual patients' behavior during the chemotherapy and evaluation the therapeutic strategies.
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The Molecular Revolution in Cutaneous Biology: Noncoding RNAs: New Molecular Players in Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:e105-e111. [PMID: 28411840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress in genome sequencing achieved during the last two decades revealed that only about 2% of the genome codes for proteins, while the largest genome fraction is encoding thousands of non-coding RNAs. Non-coding RNAs play indispensable roles in regulating the activity and stability of the genome. Recent research in the area of the non-coding transcriptome signified the crucial roles for RNA regulatory networks in the normal development and their implications in a variety of pathological conditions. Here, recent advances in our understanding of non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of skin development and homeostasis are highlighted, focusing mainly on the regulatory roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs.
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MicroRNA-720 suppresses M2 macrophage polarization by targeting GATA3. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160105. [PMID: 27354564 PMCID: PMC4974597 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic cells with the ability to differentiate into both M1- and M2-polarized phenotypes. As a distinct M2-polarized population, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumorigenesis owing to their pro-angiogenic and immune-suppressive functions in tumour microenvironment. In the present study, we found that the microRNA-720 (miR-720) was down-regulated in TAMs isolated from breast carcinomas and M2-polarization macrophages. Overexpression of miR-720 attenuated M2 phenotype expression and thus inhibited M2 polarization. We further identified GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), a transcriptional factor that plays an important role in M2 macrophage polarization, was the downstream target of miR-720. Ectopic expression of GATA3 restored the M2 phenotype in miR-720 overexpressed macrophages. Importantly, overexpression of miR-720 inhibited pro-migration behaviour and phagocytic ability of M2-polarized macrophages. Thus, our data suggest that miR-720 plays an important role in regulating M2 macrophage polarization and function.
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Akinduro O, Sully K, Patel A, Robinson DJ, Chikh A, McPhail G, Braun KM, Philpott MP, Harwood CA, Byrne C, O'Shaughnessy RFL, Bergamaschi D. Constitutive Autophagy and Nucleophagy during Epidermal Differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1460-1470. [PMID: 27021405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes migrate through the epidermis up to the granular layer where, on terminal differentiation, they progressively lose organelles and convert into anucleate cells or corneocytes. Our report explores the role of autophagy in ensuring epidermal function providing the first comprehensive profile of autophagy marker expression in developing epidermis. We show that autophagy is constitutively active in the epidermal granular layer where by electron microscopy we identified double-membrane autophagosomes. We demonstrate that differentiating keratinocytes undergo a selective form of nucleophagy characterized by accumulation of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3/lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2/p62 positive autolysosomes. These perinuclear vesicles displayed positivity for histone interacting protein, heterochromatin protein 1α, and localize in proximity with Lamin A and B1 accumulation, whereas in newborn mice and adult human skin, we report LC3 puncta coincident with misshaped nuclei within the granular layer. This process relies on autophagy integrity as confirmed by lack of nucleophagy in differentiating keratinocytes depleted from WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting 1 or Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1. Final validation into a skin disease model showed that impaired autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Lack of LC3 expression in psoriatic skin lesions correlates with parakeratosis and deregulated expression or location of most of the autophagic markers. Our findings may have implications and improve treatment options for patients with epidermal barrier defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufolake Akinduro
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katherine Sully
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ankit Patel
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Deborah J Robinson
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham McPhail
- EM Service, Blizard Institute Pathology Core Facility, Cellular Pathology Department, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kristin M Braun
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Philpott
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Carolyn Byrne
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ryan F L O'Shaughnessy
- Livingstone Skin Research Centre for Children, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Immunobiology, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniele Bergamaschi
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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El-Gewely MR, Andreassen M, Walquist M, Ursvik A, Knutsen E, Nystad M, Coucheron DH, Myrmel KS, Hennig R, Johansen SD. Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Meningiomas Grades I and II Suggest Shared Biomarkers with Malignant Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2016; 8:E31. [PMID: 26950155 PMCID: PMC4810115 DOI: 10.3390/cancers8030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas represent the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but few microRNA (miRNA) profiling studies have been reported so far. Deep sequencing of small RNA libraries generated from two human meningioma biopsies WHO grades I (benign) and II (atypical) were compared to excess dura controls. Nineteen differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by RT-qPCR using tumor RNA from 15 patients and 5 meninges controls. Tumor suppressor miR-218 and miR-34a were upregulated relative to normal controls, however, miR-143, miR-193b, miR-451 and oncogenic miR-21 were all downregulated. From 10 selected putative mRNA targets tested by RT-qPCR only four were differentially expressed relative to normal controls. PTEN and E-cadherin (CDH1) were upregulated, but RUNX1T1 was downregulated. Proliferation biomarker p63 was upregulated with nuclear localization, but not detected in most normal arachnoid tissues. Immunoreactivity of E-cadherin was detected in the outermost layer of normal arachnoids, but was expressed throughout the tumors. Nuclear Cyclin D1 expression was positive in all studied meningiomas, while its expression in arachnoid was limited to a few trabecular cells. Meningiomas of grades I and II appear to share biomarkers with malignant tumors, but with some additional tumor suppressor biomarkers expression. Validation in more patients is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raafat El-Gewely
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Morten Andreassen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mari Walquist
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Anita Ursvik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Erik Knutsen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Mona Nystad
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Women's Health and Perinatology Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Dag H Coucheron
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | | | - Rune Hennig
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, NO-9038 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Steinar D Johansen
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Marine Genomics Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University NO-8049 Bodø, Norway.
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Tang Y, Lin Y, Li C, Hu X, Liu Y, He M, Luo J, Sun G, Wang T, Li W, Guo M. MicroRNA-720 promotes in vitro cell migration by targeting Rab35 expression in cervical cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:56. [PMID: 26413265 PMCID: PMC4583841 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNA-720 (miR-720), a nonclassical miRNA, is involved in the initiation and progression of several tumors. In our previous studies, miR-720 was shown to be significantly upregulated in cervical cancer tissues compared with normal cervical tissues. However, the precise biological functions of miR-720, and its molecular mechanisms of action, are still unknown. Results Microarray expression profiles, luciferase reporter assays, and western blot assays were used to validate Rab35 as a target gene of miR-720 in HEK293T and HeLa cells. The regulation of Rab35 expression by miR-720 was assessed using qRT-PCR and western blot assays, and the effects of exogenous miR-720 and Rab35 on cell migration were evaluated in vitro using Transwell® assay, wound healing assay, and real-time analyses in HeLa cells. The influences of exogenous miR-720 on cell proliferation were evaluated in vitro by the MTT assay in HeLa cells. In addition, expression of E-cadherin and vimentin associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition were also assessed using western blot analyses after transfection of miR-720 mimics and Rab35 expression vectors. The results showed that the small GTPase, Rab35, is a direct functional target of miR-720 in cervical cancer HeLa cells. By targeting Rab35, overexpression of miR-720 resulted in a decrease in E-cadherin expression and an increase in vimentin expression and finally led to promotion of HeLa cell migration. Furthermore, reintroduction of Rab35 3′-UTR(−) markedly reversed the induction of cell migration in miR-720-expressing HeLa cells. Conclusions The miR-720 promotes cell migration of HeLa cells by downregulating Rab35. The results show that miR-720 is a novel cell migration-associated gene in cervical cancer cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13578-015-0047-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlan Tang
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lin
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunwu Hu
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyang He
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guihong Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- College of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Nassirpour R, Homer BL, Mathur S, Li Y, Li Z, Brown T, Carraher D, Warneke J, Bailey S, Percival K, O'Neil SP, Whiteley LO. Identification of Promising Urinary MicroRNA Biomarkers in Two Rat Models of Glomerular Injury. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:35-47. [PMID: 26253709 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate protein levels posttranscriptionally. miRNAs play important regulatory roles in many cellular processes and have been implicated in several diseases. Recent studies have reported significant levels of miRNAs in a variety of body fluids, raising the possibility that miRNAs could serve as useful biomarkers. Here, changes in miRNA expression patterns are described in 2 different rodent models of glomerular injury (acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephropathy and passive Heymann nephritis). By employing 2 different modes of glomerular insult, oxidative stress and immune-mediated toxicity, miRNA changes in both isolated glomeruli as well as urine specimens allow for identification of urinary miRNA biomarkers that are suggestive of drug-induced injury specifically to the glomerulus. Subsets of glomerular urinary miRNAs associated with these different modes of glomerular toxicity seem to be dependent on the mechanism of the induced injury, while 9 miRNAs that changed early in both glomerular and urine specimens were common to both studies. We further show that the miRNAs identified as mechanism-specific early glomerular injury biomarkers target key pathways and transcripts relevant to the type of insult, while the insult-independent changes might serve as ideal glomerular injury biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce L Homer
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Sachin Mathur
- Business Technology, Pfizer Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts 01810; and
| | - Yizheng Li
- Business Technology, Pfizer Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts 01810; and
| | - Zhonghan Li
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Tom Brown
- Drug Safety, Pfizer Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340
| | | | - James Warneke
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
| | - Steven Bailey
- *Drug Safety, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development
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Cremaschi P, Oliverio M, Leva V, Bione S, Carriero R, Mazzucco G, Palamidessi A, Scita G, Biamonti G, Montecucco A. Chronic Replication Problems Impact Cell Morphology and Adhesion of DNA Ligase I Defective Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130561. [PMID: 26151554 PMCID: PMC4495043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate DNA damage resulting from metabolic activities or sub-lethal doses of exogenous insults may eventually lead to cancer onset. Human 46BR.1G1 cells bear a mutation in replicative DNA ligase I (LigI) which results in low levels of replication-dependent DNA damage. This replication stress elicits a constitutive phosphorylation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) checkpoint kinase that fails to arrest cell cycle progression or to activate apoptosis or cell senescence. Stable transfection of wild type LigI, as in 7A3 cells, prevents DNA damage and ATM activation. Here we show that parental 46BR.1G1 and 7A3 cells differ in important features such as cell morphology, adhesion and migration. Comparison of gene expression profiles in the two cell lines detects Bio-Functional categories consistent with the morphological and migration properties of LigI deficient cells. Interestingly, ATM inhibition makes 46BR.1G1 more similar to 7A3 cells for what concerns morphology, adhesion and expression of cell-cell adhesion receptors. These observations extend the influence of the DNA damage response checkpoint pathways and unveil a role for ATM kinase activity in modulating cell biology parameters relevant to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cremaschi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Oliverio
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Leva
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Bione
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
- Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mazzucco
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “L. Spallanzani”, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biamonti
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Montecucco
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Miller KJ, Brown DA, Ibrahim MM, Ramchal TD, Levinson H. MicroRNAs in skin tissue engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 88:16-36. [PMID: 25953499 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
35.2 million annual cases in the U.S. require clinical intervention for major skin loss. To meet this demand, the field of skin tissue engineering has grown rapidly over the past 40 years. Traditionally, skin tissue engineering relies on the "cell-scaffold-signal" approach, whereby isolated cells are formulated into a three-dimensional substrate matrix, or scaffold, and exposed to the proper molecular, physical, and/or electrical signals to encourage growth and differentiation. However, clinically available bioengineered skin equivalents (BSEs) suffer from a number of drawbacks, including time required to generate autologous BSEs, poor allogeneic BSE survival, and physical limitations such as mass transfer issues. Additionally, different types of skin wounds require different BSE designs. MicroRNA has recently emerged as a new and exciting field of RNA interference that can overcome the barriers of BSE design. MicroRNA can regulate cellular behavior, change the bioactive milieu of the skin, and be delivered to skin tissue in a number of ways. While it is still in its infancy, the use of microRNAs in skin tissue engineering offers the opportunity to both enhance and expand a field for which there is still a vast unmet clinical need. Here we give a review of skin tissue engineering, focusing on the important cellular processes, bioactive mediators, and scaffolds. We further discuss potential microRNA targets for each individual component, and we conclude with possible future applications.
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Kong F, Shi X, Li H, Li P, Yu J, Li X, Chen J, Sun Y, Jia Y. Increased expression of iASPP correlates with poor prognosis in FIGO IA2-IIA cervical adenocarcinoma following a curative resection. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:1217-1224. [PMID: 26046000 PMCID: PMC4449449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of iASPP (inhibitory member of the ASPP family) in cervical adenocarcinoma remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and clinical relevance of iASPP in early stage cervical adenocarcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 75 patients with FIGO stage IA2-IIA cervical adenocarcinoma who were treated with radical hysterectomy from January 2004 to March 2008 was collected. The mRNA and protein expression levels of iASPP from the paired tumor specimens and adjacent normal cervical tissues were determined by real-time qRT-PCR and Western blot, and its relationship with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis of cervical cancer patients was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expression levels of iASPP were significantly elevated in cervical cancer tissues. The increased iASPP expression was correlated strongly with higher FIGO staging (p = 0.034), worse differentiation (p = 0.046), less pelvic lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014), and poor overall and disease-free survival of patients with cervical cancer (both P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that high iASPP expression was an independent prognostic factor (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that iASPP is highly elevated in cervical adenocarcinoma, and that overexpression is an independent poor prognostic indicator for early stage cervical cancer patients, suggesting that iASPP might serve as a novel potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for cervical adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanming Kong
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of ICU, Tianjin First Center HospitalFukang Road, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huzi Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Oncology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology ObstetricsChangjiang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300100, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - XiaoJiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yiyu Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of TCMAnshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
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Yoh K, Prywes R. Pathway Regulation of p63, a Director of Epithelial Cell Fate. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:51. [PMID: 25972840 PMCID: PMC4412127 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-related gene p63 is required for epithelial cell establishment and its expression is often altered in tumor cells. Great strides have been made in understanding the pathways and mechanisms that regulate p63 levels, such as the Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, and EGFR pathways. We discuss here the multiple signaling pathways that control p63 expression as well as transcription factors and post-transcriptional mechanisms that regulate p63 levels. While a unified picture has not emerged, it is clear that the fine-tuning of p63 has evolved to carefully control epithelial cell differentiation and fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Yoh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- *Correspondence: Ron Prywes, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Fairchild 813A, MC2420, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA,
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49
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Nuclear iASPP may facilitate prostate cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1492. [PMID: 25341046 PMCID: PMC4649527 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the major challenges in prostate cancer (PCa) research is the identification of key players that control the progression of primary cancers to invasive and metastatic disease. The majority of metastatic PCa express wild-type p53, whereas loss of p63 expression, a p53 family member, is a common event. Here we identify inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP), a common cellular regulator of p53 and p63, as an important player of PCa progression. Detailed analysis of the prostate epithelium of iASPP transgenic mice, iASPPΔ8/Δ8 mice, revealed that iASPP deficiency resulted in a reduction in the number of p63 expressing basal epithelial cells compared with that seen in wild-type mice. Nuclear and cytoplasmic iASPP expression was greater in PCa samples compared with benign epithelium. Importantly nuclear iASPP associated with p53 accumulation in vitro and in vivo. A pair of isogenic primary and metastatic PCa cell lines revealed that nuclear iASPP is enriched in the highly metastatic PCa cells. Nuclear iASPP is often detected in PCa cells located at the invasive leading edge in vivo. Increased iASPP expression associated with metastatic disease and PCa-specific death in a clinical cohort with long-term follow-up. These results suggest that iASPP function is required to maintain the expression of p63 in normal basal prostate epithelium, and nuclear iASPP may inactivate p53 function and facilitate PCa progression. Thus iASPP expression may act as a predictive marker of PCa progression.
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Chen Y, Yan W, He S, Chen J, Chen D, Zhang Z, Liu Z, Ding X, Wang A. In vitro effect of iASPP on cell growth of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2014; 26:382-90. [PMID: 25232209 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2014.07.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
iASPP is an inhibitory member of the apoptosis-stimulating proteins of P53 (ASPP) family. iASPP is over expressed in several malignant tumors and potentially affects cancer progression. However, the expression and potential role of iASPP in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) have not been addressed. In our study, we detected iASPP expression in OTSCC by immunohistochemistry. iASPP expression is up-regulated in OTSCC tissues. Moreover, in clinical pathology specimens, we found that increased iASPP expression correlates with poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Using multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that iASPP down-regulation arrests OTSCC cells at the G0/G1 phase, induces OTSCC cell apoptosis and inhibits OTSCC cell proliferation. These results indicate that iASPP plays a significant role in the progression of OTSCC and may serve as a biomarker or therapeutic target for OTSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wangxiang Yan
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Shuqi He
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jiechun Chen
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Dan Chen
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xueqiang Ding
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Anxun Wang
- 1 Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China, 2 Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China ; 3 Operation Room, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China ; 4 Department of Stomatology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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