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Faysal M, Dehbia Z, Zehravi M, Sweilam SH, Haque MA, Kumar KP, Chakole RD, Shelke SP, Sirikonda S, Nafady MH, Khan SL, Nainu F, Ahmad I, Emran TB. Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unlocking the Prospects. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1926-1944. [PMID: 38822985 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration, the decline of nerve cells in the brain, is a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Oxidative stress, a key factor in NDDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease can lead to neuronal cell death, mitochondria impairment, excitotoxicity, and Ca2+ stress. Environmental factors compromising stress response lead to cell damage, necessitating novel therapeutics for preventing or treating brain disorders in older individuals and an aging population. Synthetic medications offer symptomatic benefits but can have adverse effects. This research explores the potential of flavonoids derived from plants in treating NDDs. Flavonoids compounds, have been studied for their potential to enter the brain and treat NDDs. These compounds have diverse biological effects and are currently being explored for their potential in the treatment of central nervous system disorders. Flavonoids have various beneficial effects, including antiviral, anti-allergic, antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant properties. Their potential to alleviate symptoms of NDDs is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Faysal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Zerrouki Dehbia
- Laboratory of Agro - Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi-Arid Zones, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Ibn Khaldoun, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah, 51418, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City, 11829, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M Akiful Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, 500088, India
| | - Kusuma Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Govt. of N.C.T. of Delhi, Pushpvihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Rita D Chakole
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College of Pharmacy, Karad, 415124, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish P Shelke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, 443001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Swapna Sirikonda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Anurag University, Ghatkesar, 500088, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mohamed H Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, 12568, Egypt
| | - Sharuk L Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, N.B.S. Institute of Pharmacy, Ausa, 413520, Maharashtra, India
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh.
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2
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Afsheen S, Rehman AS, Jamal A, Khan N, Parvez S. Understanding role of pesticides in development of Parkinson's disease: Insights from Drosophila and rodent models. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102340. [PMID: 38759892 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative illness linked to ageing, marked by the gradual decline of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. The exact aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains uncertain, with genetic predisposition and environmental variables playing significant roles in the disease's frequency. Epidemiological data indicates a possible connection between pesticide exposure and brain degeneration. Specific pesticides have been associated with important characteristics of Parkinson's disease, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and α-synuclein aggregation, which are crucial for the advancement of the disease. Recently, many animal models have been developed for Parkinson's disease study. Although these models do not perfectly replicate the disease's pathology, they provide valuable insights that improve our understanding of the condition and the limitations of current treatment methods. Drosophila, in particular, has been useful in studying Parkinson's disease induced by toxins or genetic factors. The review thoroughly analyses many animal models utilised in Parkinson's research, with an emphasis on issues including pesticides, genetic and epigenetic changes, proteasome failure, oxidative damage, α-synuclein inoculation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The text highlights the important impact of pesticides on the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD) and stresses the need for more research on genetic and mechanistic alterations linked to the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Afsheen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ahmed Shaney Rehman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Azfar Jamal
- Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nazia Khan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Umapathy S, Pan I, Issac PK, Kumar MSK, Giri J, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Selenium Nanoparticles as Neuroprotective Agents: Insights into Molecular Mechanisms for Parkinson's Disease Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x. [PMID: 38837103 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain are the main causes of Parkinson's disease (PD). Several nanoparticles have been used as therapeutics for PD. Despite their therapeutic potential, these nanoparticles induce multiple stresses upon entry. Selenium (Se), an essential nutrient in the human body, helps in DNA formation, stress control, and cell protection from damage and infections. It can also regulate thyroid hormone metabolism, reduce brain damage, boost immunity, and promote reproductive health. Selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), a bioactive substance, have been employed as treatments in several disciplines, particularly as antioxidants. Se-NP, whether functionalized or not, can protect mitochondria by enhancing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes in the brain. They can also promote dopamine synthesis. By inhibiting the aggregation of tau, α-synuclein, and/or Aβ, they can reduce the cellular toxicities. The ability of the blood-brain barrier to absorb Se-NPs which maintain a healthy microenvironment is essential for brain homeostasis. This review focuses on stress-induced neurodegeneration and its critical control using Se-NP. Due to its ability to inhibit cellular stress and the pathophysiologies of PD, Se-NP is a promising neuroprotector with its anti-inflammatory, non-toxic, and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganiya Umapathy
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Ieshita Pan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - Praveen Kumar Issac
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Integrative Physiology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram Kishore Kumar
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre (BRULAC), Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Tripathi U, Rosh I, Ben Ezer R, Nayak R, Hussein Y, Choudhary A, Djamus J, Manole A, Houlden H, Gage FH, Stern S. Upregulated ECM genes and increased synaptic activity in Parkinson's human DA neurons with PINK1/ PRKN mutations. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 38762512 PMCID: PMC11102563 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. Primary symptoms of PD arise with the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta, but PD also affects the hippocampus and cortex, usually in its later stage. Approximately 15% of PD cases are familial with a genetic mutation. Two of the most associated genes with autosomal recessive (AR) early-onset familial PD are PINK1 and PRKN. In vitro studies of these genetic mutations are needed to understand the neurophysiological changes in patients' neurons that may contribute to neurodegeneration. In this work, we generated and differentiated DA and hippocampal neurons from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived from two patients with a double mutation in their PINK1 and PRKN (one homozygous and one heterozygous) genes and assessed their neurophysiology compared to two healthy controls. We showed that the synaptic activity of PD neurons generated from patients with the PINK1 and PRKN mutations is impaired in the hippocampus and dopaminergic neurons. Mutant dopaminergic neurons had enhanced excitatory post-synaptic activity. In addition, DA neurons with the homozygous mutation of PINK1 exhibited more pronounced electrophysiological differences compared to the control neurons. Signaling network analysis of RNA sequencing results revealed that Focal adhesion and ECM receptor pathway were the top two upregulated pathways in the mutant PD neurons. Our findings reveal that the phenotypes linked to PINK1 and PRKN mutations differ from those from other PD mutations, suggesting a unique interplay between these two mutations that drives different PD mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utkarsh Tripathi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Idan Rosh
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ran Ben Ezer
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ritu Nayak
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Hussein
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashwani Choudhary
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Jose Djamus
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Andreea Manole
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- UCL queen square institute of neurology, University College London, London, England
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, Gage, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
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Hembach S, Schmidt S, Orschmann T, Burtscher I, Lickert H, Giesert F, Weisenhorn DV, Wurst W. Engrailed 1 deficiency induces changes in ciliogenesis during human neuronal differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 194:106474. [PMID: 38518837 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A key pathological feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAns) in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Considering the major role of EN1 in the development and maintenance of these DAns and the implications from En1 mouse models, it is highly interesting to study the molecular and protective effect of EN1 also in a human cellular model. Therefore, we generated EN1 knock-out (ko) human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs) lines and analyzed these during neuronal differentiation. Although the EN1 ko didn't interfere with neuronal differentiation and generation of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) neurons per se, the neurons exhibited shorter neurites. Furthermore, mitochondrial respiration, as well as mitochondrial complex I abundance was significantly reduced in fully differentiated neurons. To understand the implications of an EN1 ko during differentiation, we performed a transcriptome analysis of human neuronal precursor cells (hNPCs) which unveiled alterations in cilia-associated pathways. Further analysis of ciliary morphology revealed an elongation of primary cilia in EN1-deficient hNPCs. Besides, also Wnt signaling pathways were severely affected. Upon stimulating hNPCs with Wnt which drastically increased EN1 expression in WT lines, the phenotypes concerning mitochondrial function and cilia were exacerbated in EN1 ko hNPCs. They failed to enhance the expression of the complex I subunits NDUFS1 and 3, and now displayed a reduced mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, Wnt stimulation decreased ciliogenesis in EN1 ko hNPCs but increased ciliary length even further. This further highlights the relevance of primary cilia next to mitochondria for the functionality and correct maintenance of human DAns and provides new possibilities to establish neuroprotective therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Neurobiological Engineering, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Garching, Germany; Deutsche Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Site Munich-Augsburg, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Orschmann
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Deutsche Zentrum für Psychische Gesundheit (DZPG), Site Munich-Augsburg, Munich, Germany; Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Ribarič S. The Contribution of Type 2 Diabetes to Parkinson's Disease Aetiology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4358. [PMID: 38673943 PMCID: PMC11050090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are chronic disorders that have a significant health impact on a global scale. Epidemiological, preclinical, and clinical research underpins the assumption that insulin resistance and chronic inflammation contribute to the overlapping aetiologies of T2D and PD. This narrative review summarises the recent evidence on the contribution of T2D to the initiation and progression of PD brain pathology. It also briefly discusses the rationale and potential of alternative pharmacological interventions for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Ribarič
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Kim GHJ, Chen M, Kwok S, Guo S. Protocol for image-based small-molecule screen to identify neuroprotective compounds for dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102837. [PMID: 38217853 PMCID: PMC10825766 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Whole-organism-based screen holds promise for discovering biologically active compounds. However, high-content imaging is challenging due to the difficulty of positioning live animals and individual variability of neuron counts. Here, we present a protocol to identify neuroprotective compounds for dopaminergic neurons in zebrafish using an image-based small-molecule screen. We describe steps for raising larvae, agarose embedding, and treatment to induce neurodegeneration. We then detail procedures for live confocal imaging, image processing, and data analysis. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kim et al. (2021).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gha-Hyun Jeffrey Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharie Kwok
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Amartumur S, Nguyen H, Huynh T, Kim TS, Woo RS, Oh E, Kim KK, Lee LP, Heo C. Neuropathogenesis-on-chips for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2219. [PMID: 38472255 PMCID: PMC10933492 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing diagnostics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is challenging due to multifactorial pathogenesis that progresses gradually. Advanced in vitro systems that recapitulate patient-like pathophysiology are emerging as alternatives to conventional animal-based models. In this review, we explore the interconnected pathogenic features of different types of ND, discuss the general strategy to modelling NDs using a microfluidic chip, and introduce the organoid-on-a-chip as the next advanced relevant model. Lastly, we overview how these models are being applied in academic and industrial drug development. The integration of microfluidic chips, stem cells, and biotechnological devices promises to provide valuable insights for biomedical research and developing diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarnai Amartumur
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Thuy Huynh
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Testaverde S Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Ran-Sook Woo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, 34824, Korea
| | - Eungseok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School of Basic Medical Science (GSBMS), Institute for Anti-microbial Resistance Research and Therapeutics, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Harvard Medical School, Division of Engineering in Medicine and Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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Pandey M, Karmakar V, Majie A, Dwivedi M, Md S, Gorain B. The SH-SY5Y cell line: a valuable tool for Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:303-316. [PMID: 38112196 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2293158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to limited efficient treatment strategies for highly prevalent and distressing Parkinson's disease (PD), an impending need emerged for deciphering new modes and mechanisms for effective management. SH-SY5Y-based in vitro neuronal models have emerged as a new possibility for the elucidation of cellular and molecular processes in the pathogenesis of PD. SH-SY5Y cells are of human origin, adhered to catecholaminergic neuronal attributes, which consequences in imparting wide acceptance and significance to this model over conventional in vitro PD models for high-throughput screening of therapeutics. AREAS COVERED Herein, the authors review the SH-SY5Y cell line and its value to PD research. The authors also provide the reader with their expert perspectives on how these developments can lead to the development of new impactful therapeutics. EXPERT OPINION Encouraged by recent research on SH-SY5Y cell lines, it was envisaged that this in vitro model can serve as a primary model for assessing efficacy and toxicity of new therapeutics as well as for nanocarriers' capacity in delivering therapeutic agents across BBB. Considering the proximity with human neuronal environment as in pathogenic PD conditions, SH-SY5Y cell lines vindicated consistency and reproducibility in experimental results. Accordingly, exploitation of this standardized SH-SY5Y cell line can fast-track the drug discovery and development path for novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Varnita Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Ankit Majie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Monika Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
| | - Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, India
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Wimalasena K, Adetuyi O, Eldani M. Metabolic energy decline coupled dysregulation of catecholamine metabolism in physiologically highly active neurons: implications for selective neuronal death in Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1339295. [PMID: 38450382 PMCID: PMC10914975 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1339295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related irreversible neurodegenerative disease which is characterized as a progressively worsening involuntary movement disorder caused by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Two main pathophysiological features of PD are the accumulation of inclusion bodies in the affected neurons and the predominant loss of neuromelanin-containing DA neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and noradrenergic (NE) neurons in locus coeruleus (LC). The inclusion bodies contain misfolded and aggregated α-synuclein (α-Syn) fibrils known as Lewy bodies. The etiology and pathogenic mechanisms of PD are complex, multi-dimensional and associated with a combination of environmental, genetic, and other age-related factors. Although individual factors associated with the pathogenic mechanisms of PD have been widely investigated, an integration of the findings to a unified causative mechanism has not been envisioned. Here we propose an integrated mechanism for the degeneration of DA neurons in SNpc and NE neurons in LC in PD, based on their unique high metabolic activity coupled elevated energy demand, using currently available experimental data. The proposed hypothetical mechanism is primarily based on the unique high metabolic activity coupled elevated energy demand of these neurons. We reason that the high vulnerability of a selective group of DA neurons in SNpc and NE neurons in LC in PD could be due to the cellular energy modulations. Such cellular energy modulations could induce dysregulation of DA and NE metabolism and perturbation of the redox active metal homeostasis (especially copper and iron) in these neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandatege Wimalasena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, United States
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12
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Cai P, Liu S, Tu Y, Shan T. Toxicity, biodegradation, and nutritional intervention mechanism of zearalenone. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 911:168648. [PMID: 37992844 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA), a global mycotoxin commonly found in a variety of grain products and animal feed, causes damage to the gastrointestinal tract, immune organs, liver and reproductive system. Many treatments, including physical, chemical and biological methods, have been reported for the degradation of ZEA. Each degradation method has different degradation efficacies and distinct mechanisms. In this article, the global pollution status, hazard and toxicity of ZEA are summarized. We also review the biological detoxification methods and nutritional regulation strategies for alleviating the toxicity of ZEA. Moreover, we discuss the molecular detoxification mechanism of ZEA to help explore more efficient detoxification methods to better reduce the global pollution and hazard of ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Cai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuang Tu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Zheng H, Liu Q, Zhou S, Luo H, Zhang W. Role and therapeutic targets of P2X7 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345625. [PMID: 38370420 PMCID: PMC10869479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a non-selective cation channel modulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), localizes to microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons in the central nervous system, with the most incredible abundance in microglia. P2X7R partake in various signaling pathways, engaging in the immune response, the release of neurotransmitters, oxidative stress, cell division, and programmed cell death. When neurodegenerative diseases result in neuronal apoptosis and necrosis, ATP activates the P2X7R. This activation induces the release of biologically active molecules such as pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, proteases, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxic glutamate/ATP. Subsequently, this leads to neuroinflammation, which exacerbates neuronal involvement. The P2X7R is essential in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This implies that it has potential as a drug target and could be treated using P2X7R antagonists that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. This review will comprehensively and objectively discuss recent research breakthroughs on P2X7R genes, their structural features, functional properties, signaling pathways, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases and possible therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyong Zheng
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongliang Luo
- Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Markham BN, Ramnarine C, Kim S, Grever WE, Soto-Beasley AI, Heckman M, Ren Y, Osborne AC, Bhagwate AV, Liu Y, Wang C, Kim J, Wszolek ZK, Ross OA, Springer W, Fiesel FC. miRNA family miR-29 inhibits PINK1-PRKN dependent mitophagy via ATG9A. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.17.576122. [PMID: 38293184 PMCID: PMC10827147 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.576122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the genes encoding PINK1 and PRKN result in early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD). Together the encoded enzymes direct a neuroprotective pathway that ensures the elimination of damaged mitochondria via autophagy. We performed a genome-wide high content imaging miRNA screen for inhibitors of the PINK1-PRKN pathway and identified all three members of the miRNA family 29 (miR-29). Using RNAseq we identified target genes and found that siRNA against ATG9A phenocopied the effects of miR-29 and inhibited the initiation of PINK1-PRKN mitophagy. Furthermore, we discovered two rare, potentially deleterious, missense variants (p.R631W and p.S828L) in our EOPD cohort and tested them experimentally in cells. While expression of wild-type ATG9A was able to rescue the effects of miR-29a, the EOPD-associated variants behaved like loss-of-function mutations. Together, our study validates miR-29 and its target gene ATG9A as novel regulators of mitophagy initiation. It further serves as proof-of-concept of finding novel, potentially disease-causing EOPD-linked variants specifically in mitophagy regulating genes. The nomination of genetic variants and biological pathways is important for the stratification and treatment of patients that suffer from devastating diseases, such as EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana N Markham
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Chloe Ramnarine
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Songeun Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | | | - Michael Heckman
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Yingxue Ren
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrew C Osborne
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aditya V Bhagwate
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuanhang Liu
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | | | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Wolfdieter Springer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fabienne C Fiesel
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Neuroscience PhD Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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15
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Wu J, Wu W, Jiang P, Xu Y, Yu M. Identification of SV2C and DENR as Key Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease Based on Bioinformatics, Machine Learning, and Experimental Verification. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:6. [PMID: 38189881 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the potential biomarkers and therapeutic target genes for Parkinson's disease (PD). We analyzed four datasets (GSE8397, GSE20292, GSE20163, GSE20164) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expression analysis to select genes and perform functional analysis. We applied three algorithms, namely, random forest, support vector machine recursive feature elimination, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, to identify hub genes, perform functional analysis, and assess their clinical diagnostic potential using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. We employed the xCell website to evaluate differences in the composition patterns of immune cells in the GEO datasets. We also collected serum samples from PD patients and established PD cell model to validate the expression of hub genes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our findings identified SV2C and DENR as two hub genes for PD and decreased in PD brain tissue compared with controls. ROC analysis showed effectively value of SV2C and DENR to diagnose PD, and they were downregulated in the serum of PD patients and cell model. Functional analysis revealed that dopamine vesicle transport and synaptic vesicle recycling are crucial pathways in PD. Besides, the differences in the composition of immune cells, especially basophils and T cells, were discovered between PD and controls. In summary, our study identifies SV2C and DENR as potential biomarkers for diagnosing PD and provides a new perspective for exploring the molecular mechanisms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiecong Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.
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16
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Klemmensen MM, Borrowman SH, Pearce C, Pyles B, Chandra B. Mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00292. [PMID: 38241161 PMCID: PMC10903104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases have expanded the opportunities for neurotherapeutics targeting mitochondria to alleviate symptoms and slow disease progression. In this review, we offer a historical account of advances in mitochondrial biology and neurodegenerative disease. Additionally, we summarize current knowledge of the normal physiology of mitochondria and the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease, current therapeutics and recent therapeutic advances, as well as future directions for neurotherapeutics targeting mitochondrial function. A focus is placed on reactive oxygen species and their role in the disruption of telomeres and their effects on the epigenome. The effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiology and progression of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are discussed in depth. Current clinical trials for mitochondria-targeting neurotherapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn M Klemmensen
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Seth H Borrowman
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Colin Pearce
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin Pyles
- Aper Funis Research, Union River Innovation Center, Ellsworth, ME 04605, USA
| | - Bharatendu Chandra
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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17
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Zhou S, Nao J. Nesfatin-1: A Biomarker and Potential Therapeutic Target in Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:38-51. [PMID: 37740893 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a novel adipocytokine consisting of 82 amino acids with anorexic and anti-hyperglycemic properties. Further studies of nesfatin-1 have shown it to be closely associated with neurological disorders. Changes in nesfatin-1 levels are closely linked to the onset, progression and severity of neurological disorders. Nesfatin-1 may affect the development of neurological disorders and can indicate disease evolution and prognosis, thus informing the choice of treatment options. In addition, regulation of the expression or level of nesfatin-1 can improve the level of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, oxidative damage and other indicators. It is demonstrated that nesfatin-1 is involved in neuroprotection and may be a therapeutic target for neurological disorders. In this paper, we will also discuss the role of nesfatin-1 as a biomarker in neurological diseases and its potential mechanism of action in neurological diseases, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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18
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Liu Y, Duan R, Li P, Zhang B, Liu Y. 3-N-butylphthalide attenuates neuroinflammation in rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease models via the cGAS-STING pathway. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2024; 38:3946320241229041. [PMID: 38315064 PMCID: PMC10846052 DOI: 10.1177/03946320241229041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is crucial in the onset and progression of dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to determine whether 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP) can protect against PD by inhibiting the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and the inflammatory response of microglia. MitoSOX/MitoTracker/Hoechst staining was used to detect the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BV2 cells. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to measure the levels of free cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in BV2 cells and mouse brain tissues. Behavioral impairments were assessed using rotarod, T-maze, and balance beam tests. Dopaminergic neurons and microglia were observed using immunohistochemical staining. Expression levels of cGAS, STING, nuclear factor kappa-B (NfκB), phospho- NfκB (p-NfκB), inhibitor of NfκBα (IκBα), and phospho-IκBα (p-IκBα) proteins in the substantia nigra and striatum were detected using Western Blot. NBP decreased mitochondrial ROS levels in rotenone-treated BV2 cells. NBP alleviated behavioral impairments and protected against rotenone-induced microgliosis and damage to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and striatum of rotenone-induced PD mice. NBP decreased rotenone-induced mtDNA leakage and mitigated neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING pathway activation. NBP exhibited a protective effect in rotenone-induced PD models by significantly inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway. Moreover, NBP can alleviate neuroinflammation, and is a potential therapeutic drug for alleviating clinical symptoms and delaying the progression of PD. This study provided insights for the potential role of NBP in PD therapy, potentially mitigating neurodegeneration, and consequently improving the quality of life and lifespan of patients with PD. The limitations are that we have not confirmed the exact mechanism by which NBP decreases mtDNA leakage, and this study was unable to observe the actual clinical therapeutic effect, so further cohort studies are required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruonan Duan
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peizheng Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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19
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Bartošová T, Klempíř J, Hansíková H. Coenzyme Q10: A Biomarker in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinsonian Syndromes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2104. [PMID: 38136223 PMCID: PMC10740444 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is generally a sporadic neurodegenerative disease which ranks among atypical Parkinson's syndromes. The main clinical manifestation is a combination of autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonism and/or cerebellar disability. The disease may resemble other Parkinsonian syndromes, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), from which MSA could be hardly distinguishable during the first years of progression. Due to the lack of a reliable and easily accessible biomarker, the diagnosis is still based primarily on the clinical picture. Recently, reduced levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) were described in MSA in various tissues, including the central nervous system. The aim of our study was to verify whether the level of CoQ10 in plasma and lymphocytes could serve as an easily available diagnostic biomarker of MSA. The study reported significantly lower levels of CoQ10 in the lymphocytes of patients with MSA compared to patients with PD and controls. The reduction in CoQ10 levels in lymphocytes correlated with the increasing degree of clinical involvement of patients with MSA. CoQ10 levels in lymphocytes seem to be a potential biomarker of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Bartošová
- Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiří Klempíř
- Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Hana Hansíková
- Laboratory for Study of Mitochondrial Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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Schmidt S, Stautner C, Vu DT, Heinz A, Regensburger M, Karayel O, Trümbach D, Artati A, Kaltenhäuser S, Nassef MZ, Hembach S, Steinert L, Winner B, Jürgen W, Jastroch M, Luecken MD, Theis FJ, Westmeyer GG, Adamski J, Mann M, Hiller K, Giesert F, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Wurst W. A reversible state of hypometabolism in a human cellular model of sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7674. [PMID: 37996418 PMCID: PMC10667251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42862-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's Disease (sPD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one contributing factor, but its role at different stages of disease progression is not fully understood. Here, we showed that neural precursor cells and dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from sPD patients exhibited a hypometabolism. Further analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics identified the citric acid cycle, specifically the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC), as bottleneck in sPD metabolism. A follow-up study of the patients approximately 10 years after initial biopsy demonstrated a correlation between OGDHC activity in our cellular model and the disease progression. In addition, the alterations in cellular metabolism observed in our cellular model were restored by interfering with the enhanced SHH signal transduction in sPD. Thus, inhibiting overactive SHH signaling may have potential as neuroprotective therapy during early stages of sPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmidt
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Constantin Stautner
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Duc Tung Vu
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Alexander Heinz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dietrich Trümbach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaltenhäuser
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mohamed Zakaria Nassef
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina Hembach
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Letyfee Steinert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Winkler Jürgen
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte D Luecken
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department for Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- NNF Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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21
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Vallese A, Cordone V, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G. Ox-inflammasome involvement in neuroinflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:161-177. [PMID: 37442280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the onset and the progression of several neuropathologies, from neurodegenerative disorders to migraine, from Rett syndrome to post-COVID 19 neurological manifestations. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes of the innate immune system that fuel inflammation. They have been under study for the last twenty years and more recently their involvement in neuro-related conditions has been of great interest as possible therapeutic target. The role of oxidative stress in inflammasome activation has been described, however the exact way of action of specific endogenous and exogenous oxidants needs to be better clarified. In this review, we provide the current knowledge on the involvement of inflammasome in the main neuropathologies, emphasizing the importance to further clarify the role of oxidative stress in its activation including the role of mitochondria in inflammasome-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vallese
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Cordone
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, 28081, Kannapolis, USA; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Torii S, Arakawa S, Sato S, Ishikawa K, Taniguchi D, Sakurai HT, Honda S, Hiraoka Y, Ono M, Akamatsu W, Hattori N, Shimizu S. Involvement of casein kinase 1 epsilon/delta (Csnk1e/d) in the pathogenesis of familial Parkinson's disease caused by CHCHD2. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17451. [PMID: 37578019 PMCID: PMC10493588 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Mutations in coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 2 (CHCHD2) gene cause a familial form of PD with α-Synuclein aggregation, and we here identified the pathogenesis of the T61I mutation, the most common disease-causing mutation of CHCHD2. In Neuro2a cells, CHCHD2 is in mitochondria, whereas the T61I mutant (CHCHD2T61I ) is mislocalized in the cytosol. CHCHD2T61l then recruits casein kinase 1 epsilon/delta (Csnk1e/d), which phosphorylates neurofilament and α-Synuclein, forming cytosolic aggresomes. In vivo, both Chchd2T61I knock-in and transgenic mice display neurodegenerative phenotypes and aggresomes containing Chchd2T61I , Csnk1e/d, phospho-α-Synuclein, and phospho-neurofilament in their dopaminergic neurons. Similar aggresomes were observed in a postmortem PD patient brain and dopaminergic neurons generated from patient-derived iPS cells. Importantly, a Csnk1e/d inhibitor substantially suppressed the phosphorylation of neurofilament and α-Synuclein. The Csnk1e/d inhibitor also suppressed the cellular damage in CHCHD2T61I -expressing Neuro2a cells and dopaminergic neurons generated from patient-derived iPS cells and improved the neurodegenerative phenotypes of Chchd2T61I mutant mice. These results indicate that Csnk1e/d is involved in the pathogenesis of PD caused by the CHCHD2T61I mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Torii
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Satoko Arakawa
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Shigeto Sato
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kei‐ichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Daisuke Taniguchi
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hajime Tajima Sakurai
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Shinya Honda
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuuichi Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Genome Editing for Biomedical Research, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Masaya Ono
- Department of Clinical ProteomicsNational Cancer Center Research InstituteTokyoJapan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineJuntendo UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Shigeomi Shimizu
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research InstituteTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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23
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Doulias PT, Yang H, Andreyev AY, Dolatabadi N, Scott H, K Raspur C, Patel PR, Nakamura T, Tannenbaum SR, Ischiropoulos H, Lipton SA. S-Nitrosylation-mediated dysfunction of TCA cycle enzymes in synucleinopathy studied in postmortem human brains and hiPSC-derived neurons. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:965-975.e6. [PMID: 37478858 PMCID: PMC10530441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
A causal relationship between mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration has been implicated in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD), but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons with mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), we report the presence of aberrantly S-nitrosylated proteins, including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes, resulting in activity inhibition assessed by carbon-labeled metabolic flux experiments. This inhibition principally affects α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase/succinyl coenzyme-A synthetase, metabolizing α-ketoglutarate to succinate. Notably, human LBD brain manifests a similar pattern of aberrantly S-nitrosylated TCA enzymes, indicating the pathophysiological relevance of these results. Inhibition of mitochondrial energy metabolism in neurons is known to compromise dendritic length and synaptic integrity, eventually leading to neuronal cell death. Our evidence indicates that aberrant S-nitrosylation of TCA cycle enzymes contributes to this bioenergetic failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis-Thomas Doulias
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Chemistry and University Research Center of Ioannina, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Alexander Y Andreyev
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nima Dolatabadi
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Henry Scott
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Charlene K Raspur
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Parth R Patel
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nakamura
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Steven R Tannenbaum
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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24
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Lamberty BG, Estrella LD, Mattingly JE, Emanuel K, Trease A, Totusek S, Sheldon L, George JW, Almikhlafi MA, Farmer T, Stauch KL. Parkinson's disease relevant pathological features are manifested in male Pink1/Parkin deficient rats. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 31:100656. [PMID: 37484197 PMCID: PMC10362548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal disease models are important for neuroscience experimentation and in the study of neurodegenerative disorders. The major neurodegenerative disorder leading to motor impairments is Parkinson's disease (PD). The identification of hereditary forms of PD uncovered gene mutations and variants, such as loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Parkin, two proteins involved in mitochondrial quality control, that could be harnessed to create animal models. However, to date, such models have not reproducibly recapitulated major aspects of the disease. Here, we describe the generation and phenotypic characterization of a combined Pink1/Parkin double knockout (dKO) rat, which reproducibly exhibits PD-relevant abnormalities, particularly in male animals. Motor dysfunction in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats was characterized by gait abnormalities and decreased rearing frequency, the latter of which was responsive to levodopa treatment. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited elevated plasma levels of neurofilament light chain and significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Glial cell activation was also observed in the SNpc. Pink1/Parkin dKO rats showed elevated plasma and reduced cerebrospinal levels of alpha-synuclein as well as the presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the striatum. Further, the profile of circulating lymphocytes was altered, as elevated CD3+CD4+ T cells and reduced CD3+CD8+ T cells in Pink1/Parkin dKO rats were found. This coincided with mitochondrial dysfunction and infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the striatum. Altogether, the Pink1/Parkin dKO rats exhibited phenotypes similar to what is seen with PD patients, thus highlighting the suitability of this model for mechanistic studies of the role of Pink1 and Parkin in PD pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kelly L. Stauch
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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25
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Kim MS, Ra EA, Kweon SH, Seo BA, Ko HS, Oh Y, Lee G. Advanced human iPSC-based preclinical model for Parkinson's disease with optogenetic alpha-synuclein aggregation. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:973-986.e11. [PMID: 37339636 PMCID: PMC10829432 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer advantages for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, recreating innate cellular pathologies, particularly in late-onset neurodegenerative diseases with accumulated protein aggregates including Parkinson's disease (PD), has been challenging. To overcome this barrier, we developed an optogenetics-assisted α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation induction system (OASIS) that rapidly induces α-syn aggregates and toxicity in PD hiPSC-midbrain dopaminergic neurons and midbrain organoids. Our OASIS-based primary compound screening with SH-SY5Y cells identified 5 candidates that were secondarily validated with OASIS PD hiPSC-midbrain dopaminergic neurons and midbrain organoids, leading us to finally select BAG956. Furthermore, BAG956 significantly reverses characteristic PD phenotypes in α-syn preformed fibril models in vitro and in vivo by promoting autophagic clearance of pathological α-syn aggregates. Following the FDA Modernization Act 2.0's emphasis on alternative non-animal testing methods, our OASIS can serve as an animal-free preclinical test model (newly termed "nonclinical test") for the synucleinopathy drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eun A Ra
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sin Ho Kweon
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bo Am Seo
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Global Medical Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea; Mitohormesis Research Center, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Yohan Oh
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Gabsang Lee
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Fernández de la Torre M, Fiuza-Luces C, Laine-Menéndez S, Delmiro A, Arenas J, Martín MÁ, Lucia A, Morán M. Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Degeneration in Mitochondrial Disorders: Insights from the Harlequin Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10973. [PMID: 37446148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
By means of a proteomic approach, we assessed the pathways involved in cerebellar neurodegeneration in a mouse model (Harlequin, Hq) of mitochondrial disorder. A differential proteomic profile study (iTRAQ) was performed in cerebellum homogenates of male Hq and wild-type (WT) mice 8 weeks after the onset of clear symptoms of ataxia in the Hq mice (aged 5.2 ± 0.2 and 5.3 ± 0.1 months for WT and Hq, respectively), followed by a biochemical validation of the most relevant changes. Additional groups of 2-, 3- and 6-month-old WT and Hq mice were analyzed to assess the disease progression on the proteins altered in the proteomic study. The proteomic analysis showed that beyond the expected deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, the cerebellum of Hq mice showed a marked astroglial activation together with alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis and neurotransmission, with an up- and downregulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively, and the downregulation of cerebellar "long-term depression", a synaptic plasticity phenomenon that is a major player in the error-driven learning that occurs in the cerebellar cortex. Our study provides novel insights into the mechanisms associated with cerebellar degeneration in the Hq mouse model, including a complex deregulation of neuroinflammation, oxidative phosphorylation and glutamate, GABA and amino acids' metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández de la Torre
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Fiuza-Luces
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Laine-Menéndez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitor Delmiro
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Fragility and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Morán
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('imas12'), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), U723, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Choppa VSR, Kim WK. A Review on Pathophysiology, and Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis in Commercial Broilers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1032. [PMID: 37509068 PMCID: PMC10377700 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern day broilers have a great genetic potential to gain heavy bodyweights with a huge metabolic demand prior to their fully mature ages. Moreover, this made the broilers prone to opportunistic pathogens which may enter the locomotory organs under stress causing bacterial chondronecrosis and osteomyelitis (BCO). Such pathogenic colonization is further accelerated by microfractures and clefts that are formed in the bones due to rapid growth rate of the broilers along with ischemia of blood vessels. Furthermore, there are several pathways which alter bone homeostasis like acute phase response, and intrinsic and extrinsic cell death pathways. In contrast, all the affected birds may not exhibit clinical lameness even with the presence of lameness associated factors causing infection. Although Staphylococcus, E. coli, and Enterococcus are considered as common bacterial pathogens involved in BCO, but there exist several other non-culturable bacteria. Any deviation from maintaining a homeostatic environment in the gut might lead to bacterial translocation through blood followed by proliferation of pathogenic bacteria in respective organs including bones. It is important to alleviate dysbiosis of the blood which is analogous to dysbiosis in the gut. This can be achieved by supplementing pro, pre, and synbiotics which helps in providing a eubiotic environment abating the bacterial translocation that was studied to the incidence of BCO. This review focused on potential and novel biomarkers, pathophysiological mechanism, the economic significance of BCO, immune mechanisms, and miscellaneous factors causing BCO. In addition, the role of gut microbiomes along with their diversity and cell culture models from compact bones of chicken in better understanding of BCO were explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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28
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Kamienieva I, Charzyńska A, Duszyński J, Malińska D, Szczepanowska J. In search for mitochondrial biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: Findings in parkin-mutant human fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166787. [PMID: 37302428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) are idiopathic, with unknown aetiology and genetic background. However, approximately 10 % of cases are caused by defined genetic mutations, among which mutations in the parkin gene are the most common. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of both idiopathic and genetic PD. However, the data on mitochondrial changes reported by different studies are inconsistent, which can reflect the variability in genetic background of the disease. Mitochondria, as a plastic and dynamic organelles, are the first place in the cell to respond to external and internal stress. In this work, we characterized mitochondrial function and dynamics (network morphology and turnover regulation) in primary fibroblasts from PD patients with parkin mutations. We performed clustering analysis of the obtained data to compare the profiles of mitochondrial parameters in PD patients and healthy donors. This allowed to extract the features characteristic for PD patients fibroblasts, which were a smaller and less complex mitochondrial network and decreased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis regulators and mitophagy mediators. The approach we used allowed a comprehensive characteristics of elements common for mitochondrial dynamics remodelling accompanying pathogenic mutation. This may be helpful in the deciphering key pathomechanisms of the PD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kamienieva
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Charzyńska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszyński
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dominika Malińska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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29
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Khan E, Hasan I, Haque ME. Parkinson's Disease: Exploring Different Animal Model Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109088. [PMID: 37240432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease modeling in non-human subjects is an essential part of any clinical research. To gain proper understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of any disease, experimental models are required to replicate the disease process. Due to the huge diversity in pathophysiology and prognosis in different diseases, animal modeling is customized and specific accordingly. As in other neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder coupled with varying forms of physical and mental disabilities. The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease are associated with the accumulation of misfolded protein called α-synuclein as Lewy body, and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) area affecting the patient's motor activity. Extensive research has already been conducted regarding animal modeling of Parkinson's diseases. These include animal systems with induction of Parkinson's, either pharmacologically or via genetic manipulation. In this review, we will be summarizing and discussing some of the commonly employed Parkinson's disease animal model systems and their applications and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engila Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ikramul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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30
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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31
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Gupta R, Kumari S, Tripathi R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Unwinding the modalities of necrosome activation and necroptosis machinery in neurological diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101855. [PMID: 36681250 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis, a regulated form of cell death, is involved in the genesis and development of various life-threatening diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiac myopathy, and diabetes. Necroptosis initiates with the formation and activation of a necrosome complex, which consists of RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, and MLKL. Emerging studies has demonstrated the regulation of the necroptosis cell death pathway through the implication of numerous post-translational modifications, namely ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, SUMOylation, hydroxylation, and others. In addition, the negative regulation of the necroptosis pathway has been shown to interfere with brain homeostasis through the regulation of axonal degeneration, mitochondrial dynamics, lysosomal defects, and inflammatory response. Necroptosis is controlled by the activity and expression of signaling molecules, namely VEGF/VEGFR, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), ERK/MAPK, and Wnt/β-catenin. Herein, we briefly discussed the implication and potential of necrosome activation in the pathogenesis and progression of neurological manifestations, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and others. Further, we present a detailed picture of natural compounds, micro-RNAs, and chemical compounds as therapeutic agents for treating neurological manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), India.
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Microarrays, Enzymatic Assays, and MALDI-MS for Determining Specific Alterations to Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Activity, ROS Formation, and Lipid Composition in a Monkey Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065470. [PMID: 36982541 PMCID: PMC10049643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple evidences suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease via the selective cell death of dopaminergic neurons, such as that which occurs after prolonged exposure to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I inhibitor, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrine (MPTP). However, the effects of chronic MPTP on the ETC complexes and on enzymes of lipid metabolism have not yet been thoroughly determined. To face these questions, the enzymatic activities of ETC complexes and the lipidomic profile of MPTP-treated non-human primate samples were determined using cell membrane microarrays from different brain areas and tissues. MPTP treatment induced an increase in complex II activity in the olfactory bulb, putamen, caudate, and substantia nigra, where a decrease in complex IV activity was observed. The lipidomic profile was also altered in these areas, with a reduction in the phosphatidylserine (38:1) content being especially relevant. Thus, MPTP treatment not only modulates ETC enzymes, but also seems to alter other mitochondrial enzymes that regulate the lipid metabolism. Moreover, these results show that a combination of cell membrane microarrays, enzymatic assays, and MALDI-MS provides a powerful tool for identifying and validating new therapeutic targets that might accelerate the drug discovery process.
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Connelly EM, Frankel KS, Shaw GS. Parkin and mitochondrial signalling. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110631. [PMID: 36803775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging, toxic chemicals and changes to the cellular environment are sources of oxidative damage to mitochondria which contribute to neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's disease. To counteract this, cells have developed signalling mechanisms to identify and remove select proteins and unhealthy mitochondria to maintain homeostasis. Two important proteins that work in concert to control mitochondrial damage are the protein kinase PINK1 and the E3 ligase parkin. In response to oxidative stress, PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin present on proteins at the mitochondrial surface. This signals the translocation of parkin, accelerates further phosphorylation, and stimulates ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins such as Miro1/2 and Mfn1/2. The ubiquitination of these proteins is the key step needed to target them for degradation via the 26S proteasomal machinery or eliminate the entire organelle through mitophagy. This review highlights the signalling mechanisms used by PINK1 and parkin and presents several outstanding questions yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Karling S Frankel
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Kartik S, Pal R, Chaudhary MJ, Tiwari PC, Nath R, Kumar M. Anti-oxidative and anti-neuroinflammatory role of Necrostatin-1s and docosahexaenoic acid in RIP-1-mediated neurotoxicity in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease model. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 36807936 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neuromuscular ailment that affects people in their later years and causes both motor and non-motor deficits. Receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP-1) is a critical participant in necroptotic cell death, possibly through an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and cytokine cascade activation in PD pathogenesis. The present study examined the role of RIP-1-mediated necroptosis and neuroinflammation in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model, as well as their protection by Necrostatin-1s (an RIP signalling inhibitor), antioxidant DHA and their functional interaction. BALB/c mice were given acute MPTP therapy (4 injections of 15 mg/kg i.p. at 2-h intervals) on day 1. After MPTP intoxication, Necrostatin-1s (Nec-1s; 8 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and DHA (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.) treatments were given once daily for 7 days. The Nec-1s treatment prevented MPTP-induced behavioural, biochemical and neurochemical alterations, and the addition of DHA increases Nec-1s' neuroprotective impact. In addition, Nec-1s and DHA significantly improve the survival of TH-positive dopaminergic neurons and lower expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and TNF-α. Furthermore, Nec-1s dramatically reduced RIP-1 expression, whereas DHA had little effect. Our research raises the possibility that neuroinflammatory signalling and acute MPTP-induced necroptosis are both mediated by TNFR1-driven RIP-1 activity. In this study, RIP-1 ablation through Nec-1s and the addition of DHA showed a reduction in the levels of pro-inflammatory and oxidative markers, as well as protection from MPTP-driven dopaminergic degeneration and neurobehavioural changes, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. For a better understanding, additional research about the mechanism(s) behind Nec-1s and DHA is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipra Kartik
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India
| | - Rishi Pal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India
| | - Manju J Chaudhary
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Tirwa Road, Kannauj, India
| | - Prafulla Chandra Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajendra Nath
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India
| | - Madhu Kumar
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India
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Singh R, Zahra W, Singh SS, Birla H, Rathore AS, Keshri PK, Dilnashin H, Singh S, Singh SP. Oleuropein confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced model of Parkinson's disease via BDNF/CREB/Akt pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2452. [PMID: 36774383 PMCID: PMC9922328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29287-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Major pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) include increase in oxidative stress leading to the aggregation of α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, downregulation of the expression of neurotrophic factors like-Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is also involved in PD progression. There has been a lot of interest in trophic factor-based neuroprotective medicines over the past few decades to treat PD symptoms. Rotenone, an insecticide, inhibits the mitochondrial complex I causing overproduction of ROS, oxidative stress, and aggregation of α-synuclein. It has been shown that BDNF and Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) interaction initiates the regulation of neuronal cell development and differentiation by the serine/threonine protein kinases like Akt and GSK-3β. Additionally, Transcription factor CREB (cAMP Response Element-binding protein) also determines the gene expression of BDNF. The homeostasis of these signalling cascades is compromised with the progression of PD. Therefore, maintaining the equilibrium of these signalling cascades will delay the onset of PD. Oleuropein (OLE), a polyphenolic compound present in olive leaves has been documented to cross blood brain barrier and shows potent antioxidative property. In the present study, the dose of 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg body weight (bwt) OLE was taken for dose standardisation. The optimised doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg bwt was found to be neuroprotective in Rotenone induced PD mouse model. OLE improves motor impairment and upregulate CREB regulation along with phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β in PD mouse. In addition, OLE also reduces the mitochondrial dysfunction by activation of enzyme complexes and downregulates the proapoptotic markers in Rotenone intoxicated mouse model. Overall, our study suggests that OLE may be used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of PD by regulating BDNF/CREB/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Walia Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Saumitra Sen Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Aaina Singh Rathore
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Kumari Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Shekhar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Surya Pratap Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India.
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Sohrabi T, Mirzaei-Behbahani B, Zadali R, Pirhaghi M, Morozova-Roche LA, Meratan AA. Common Mechanisms Underlying α-Synuclein-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023:167992. [PMID: 36736886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.167992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurological movement disorder characterized by the selective and irreversible loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta resulting in dopamine deficiency in the striatum. While most cases are sporadic or environmental, about 10% of patients have a positive family history with a genetic cause. The misfolding and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) as a casual factor in the pathogenesis of PD has been supported by a great deal of literature. Extensive studies of mechanisms underpinning degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons induced by α-syn dysfunction suggest a complex process that involves multiple pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress, impaired calcium homeostasis through membrane permeabilization, synaptic dysfunction, impairment of quality control systems, disruption of microtubule dynamics and axonal transport, endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi dysfunction, nucleus malfunction, and microglia activation leading to neuroinflammation. Among them mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered as the most primary target of α-syn-induced toxicity, leading to neuronal cell death in both sporadic and familial forms of PD. Despite reviewing many aspects of PD pathogenesis related to mitochondrial dysfunction, a systemic study on how α-syn malfunction/aggregation damages mitochondrial functionality and leads to neurodegeneration is missing in the literature. In this review, we give a detailed molecular overview of the proposed mechanisms by which α-syn, directly or indirectly, contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. This may provide valuable insights for development of new therapeutic approaches in relation to PD. Antioxidant-based therapy as a potential strategy to protect mitochondria against oxidative damage, its challenges, and recent developments in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sohrabi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Behnaz Mirzaei-Behbahani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Ramin Zadali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mitra Pirhaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Meratan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. Is Disrupted Mitophagy a Central Player to Parkinson's Disease Pathology? Cureus 2023; 15:e35458. [PMID: 36860818 PMCID: PMC9969326 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the pathophysiology at a cellular level has been defined, the cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood. This neurodegenerative disorder is associated with impaired dopamine transmission in the substantia nigra, and protein accumulations known as Lewy bodies are visible in affected neurons. Cell culture models of PD have indicated impaired mitochondrial function, so the focus of this paper is on the quality control processes involved in and around mitochondria. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) is the process through which defective mitochondria are removed from the cell by internalisation into autophagosomes which fuse with a lysosome. This process involves many proteins, notably including PINK1 and parkin, both of which are known to be coded on genes associated with PD. Normally in healthy individuals, PINK1 associates with the outer mitochondrial membrane, which then recruits parkin, activating it to attach ubiquitin proteins to the mitochondrial membrane. PINK1, parkin, and ubiquitin cooperate to form a positive feedback system which accelerates the deposition of ubiquitin on dysfunctional mitochondria, resulting in mitophagy. However, in hereditary PD, the genes encoding PINK1 and parkin are mutated, resulting in proteins that are less efficient at removing poorly performing mitochondria, leaving cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress and ubiquitinated inclusion bodies, such as Lewy bodies. Current research that looks into the connection between mitophagy and PD is promising, already yielding potentially therapeutic compounds; until now, pharmacological support for the mitophagy process has not been part of the therapeutic arsenal. Continued research in this area is warranted.
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Sammi SR, Syeda T, Conrow KD, Leung MCK, Cannon JR. Complementary biological and computational approaches identify distinct mechanisms of chlorpyrifos versus chlorpyrifos-oxon-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2023; 191:163-178. [PMID: 36269219 PMCID: PMC9887671 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are widely used in agriculture. While acute cholinergic toxicity has been extensively studied, chronic effects on other neurons are less understood. Here, we demonstrated that the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) and its oxon metabolite are dopaminergic neurotoxicants in Caenorhabditis elegans. CPF treatment led to inhibition of mitochondrial complex II, II + III, and V in rat liver mitochondria, while CPF-oxon did not (complex II + III and IV inhibition observed only at high doses). While the effect on C. elegans cholinergic behavior was mostly reversible with toxicant washout, dopamine-associated deficits persisted, suggesting dopaminergic neurotoxicity was irreversible. CPF reduced the mitochondrial content in a dose-dependent manner and the fat modulatory genes cyp-35A2 and cyp-35A3 were found to have a key role in CPF neurotoxicity. These findings were consistent with in vitro effects of CPF and CPF-oxon on nuclear receptor signaling and fatty acid/steroid metabolism observed in ToxCast assays. Two-way hierarchical analysis revealed in vitro effects on estrogen receptor, pregnane X receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma pathways as well as neurotoxicity of CPF, malathion, and diazinon, whereas these effects were not detected in malaoxon and diazoxon. Taken together, our study suggests that mitochondrial toxicity and metabolic effects of CPF, but not CPF-oxon, have a key role of CPF neurotoxicity in the low-dose, chronic exposure. Further mechanistic studies are needed to examine mitochondria as a common target for all OP pesticide parent compounds, because this has important implications on cumulative pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Raj Sammi
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Tauqeerunnisa Syeda
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kendra D Conrow
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Maxwell C K Leung
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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Ashraf H, Cossu D, Ruberto S, Noli M, Jasemi S, Simula ER, Sechi LA. Latent Potential of Multifunctional Selenium Nanoparticles in Neurological Diseases and Altered Gut Microbiota. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:699. [PMID: 36676436 PMCID: PMC9862321 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases remain a major concern due to the high world mortality rate and the absence of appropriate therapies to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, the major focus is on the development of such strategies that not only enhance the efficacy of drugs but also increase their permeability in the BBB. Currently, nano-scale materials seem to be an appropriate approach to treating neurological diseases based on their drug-loading capacity, reduced toxicity, targeted delivery, and enhanced therapeutic effect. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient and has been of remarkable interest owing to its essential role in the physiological activity of the nervous system, i.e., signal transmission, memory, coordination, and locomotor activity. A deficiency of Se leads to various neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, owing to the neuroprotective role of Se (selenium) nanoparticles (SeNPs) are of particular interest to treat neurological diseases. To date, many studies investigate the role of altered microbiota with neurological diseases; thus, the current review focused not only on the recent advancement in the field of nanotechnology, considering SeNPs to cure neurological diseases, but also on investigating the potential role of SeNPs in altered microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Ashraf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Davide Cossu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruberto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Marta Noli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Seyedesomaye Jasemi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Rita Simula
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo A. Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Complex Structure of Microbiology and Virology, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Chu C, Liu S, Ding J, Xu P, Wang J, Hu L, Mao Z, Li K, Yu Y, Yu Y, Qian W, Chen F. Swietenine Alleviates Vascular Remodelling by Enhancing Mitophagy of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:646-659. [PMID: 36641049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular remodelling during pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by the phenotypic transformation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Swietenine (Swi), extracted from the seeds of traditional medicine Swietenia mahagoni, has been used to treat cardiac remodelling, but the effect of Swi on PH is unknown. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Swi on hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of PASMCs in experimental PH. METHODS In our research, C57BL/6 mice were treated with SU5416 and exposed to hypoxia for 4 weeks to establish HySu-PH model. Mice in the Swi treatment group were subjected to HySu with daily administration of Swi. Hemodynamic parameters, echocardiography, and degree of vascular muscularization were measured to evaluate the PH model. Proliferation of PASMC was assessed by Ki67 and EdU assay. Cell migration was detected by wound-healing assay. Mitophagy levels were evaluated by mito-tracker and lyso-tracker, autophagic flux, and protein expression of Pink1 and Lc3Ⅱ. The molecular docking was used to validate the interaction of Swi with Nrf2. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the subcellular localization of Nrf2. RESULTS The results showed that Swi attenuated hypoxia-induced increase of right ventricle systolic pressure, Fulton index, and vascular remodelling and decreased PASMC proliferation, migration, and enhanced mitophagy. Furthermore, the interaction of Swi with Nrf2 promoted the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus, resulting in the induction of Pink1. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that Swi prevents vascular remodelling in experimental PH through inhibition of phenotypic transformation and hyperproliferation of PASMCs caused by reversing hypoxia-induced inhibition of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Chu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoubai Liu
- Department of Key Laboratory of Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Forest Trees and Omamental Plants, Hainan University, Hainan, China
| | - Jingjing Ding
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhensheng Mao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfang Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youjia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weichun Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Santos AL, Sinha S. Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:341-435. [PMID: 37120475 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing. This, in turn, may help identify therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and age-related metabolic disorders. Because oxidative stress plays a critical role in these pathological processes, antioxidant dietary interventions could be of therapeutic value for the prevention and/or treatment of age-related diseases and obesity and their complications. In this chapter, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which obesity predisposes individuals to accelerated ageing. Additionally, we critically review the potential of antioxidant dietary interventions to counteract obesity and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Santos
- IdISBA - Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain.
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Chopade P, Chopade N, Zhao Z, Mitragotri S, Liao R, Chandran Suja V. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease therapies in the clinic. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10367. [PMID: 36684083 PMCID: PMC9842041 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, affecting millions and costing billions each year in the United States alone. Despite tremendous progress in developing therapeutics that manage the symptoms of these two diseases, the scientific community has yet to develop a treatment that effectively slows down, inhibits, or cures neurodegeneration. To gain a better understanding of the current therapeutic frontier for the treatment of AD and PD, we provide a review on past and present therapeutic strategies for these two major neurodegenerative disorders in the clinical trial process. We briefly recap currently US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies, and then explore trends in clinical trials across the variables of therapy mechanism of disease intervention, administration route, use of delivery vehicle, and outcome measures, across the clinical phases over time for "Drug" and "Biologic" therapeutics. We then present the success rate of past clinical trials and analyze the intersections in therapeutic approaches for AD and PD, revealing the shift in clinical trials away from therapies targeting neurotransmitter systems that provide symptomatic relief, and towards anti-aggregation, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and regeneration strategies that aim to inhibit the root causes of disease progression. We also highlight the evolving distribution of the types of "Biologic" therapies investigated, and the slowly increasing yet still severe under-utilization of delivery vehicles for AD and PD therapeutics. We then briefly discuss novel preclinical strategies for treating AD and PD. Overall, this review aims to provide a succinct overview of the clinical landscape of AD and PD therapies to better understand the field's therapeutic strategy in the past and the field's evolution in approach to the present, to better inform how to effectively treat AD and PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zongmin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of PharmacyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Rick Liao
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vineeth Chandran Suja
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Khan MM, Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. The Therapeutic Potential of Mitochondria Transplantation Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Neurovascular Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1100-1116. [PMID: 36089791 PMCID: PMC10286589 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x05666220908100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders affect millions of people worldwide and account for a large and increasing health burden on the general population. Thus, there is a critical need to identify potential disease-modifying treatments that can prevent or slow the disease progression. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and play an important role in energy metabolism and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction threatens cell homeostasis, perturbs energy production, and ultimately leads to cell death and diseases. Impaired mitochondrial function has been linked to the pathogenesis of several human neurological disorders. Given the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurological disorders, there has been considerable interest in developing therapies that can attenuate mitochondrial abnormalities and proffer neuroprotective effects. Unfortunately, therapies that target specific components of mitochondria or oxidative stress pathways have exhibited limited translatability. To this end, mitochondrial transplantation therapy (MTT) presents a new paradigm of therapeutic intervention, which involves the supplementation of healthy mitochondria to replace the damaged mitochondria for the treatment of neurological disorders. Prior studies demonstrated that the supplementation of healthy donor mitochondria to damaged neurons promotes neuronal viability, activity, and neurite growth and has been shown to provide benefits for neural and extra-neural diseases. In this review, we discuss the significance of mitochondria and summarize an overview of the recent advances and development of MTT in neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and stroke. The significance of MTT is emerging as they meet a critical need to develop a diseasemodifying intervention for neurodegenerative and neurovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moshahid Khan
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hector G. Paez
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences and Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 910 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Nadeev AD, Kritskaya KA, Fedotova EI, Berezhnov AV. «One Small Step for Mouse»: High CO 2 Inhalation as a New Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2832. [PMID: 36359351 PMCID: PMC9687253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a ubiquitous neurodegenerative disorder for which no effective treatment strategies are available. Existing pharmacotherapy is aimed only at correcting symptoms and slowing the progression of the disease, mainly by replenishing dopamine deficiency. It is assumed that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in the pathogenesis of PD. It has been suggested that activation of specific degradation of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) may prevent cell death. An almost exclusive way to initiate mitophagy is acidification of intracellular pH. We attempted to implement transient brain acidification using two experimental therapy strategies: forced moderate physical activity and high CO2 inhalation. The beneficial effects of CO2 supplementation on behavioral aspects were demonstrated in a rotenone-induced PD model. Mice treated with CO2 restored their exploratory behavior and total locomotor activity lost after rotenone administration. Additionally, this treatment enabled the removal of impaired coordination. We have illustrated this therapeutic strategy using histological studies of brain sections to confirm the survival of nigrostriatal areas. These findings suggest that high CO2 inhalation presumably initiates mitophagy via transient brain acidification, and can treat PD-like symptoms in a rodent rotenone model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D. Nadeev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Yanagaki M, Shirai Y, Shimada Y, Hamura R, Taniai T, Horiuchi T, Takada N, Haruki K, Furukawa K, Uwagawa T, Kobayashi H, Ikegami T. Inhibition of lysosomal acid β-glucosidase induces cell apoptosis via impairing mitochondrial clearance in pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:826-837. [PMID: 35781559 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid metabolism plays an important role in the formation of cellular membranes and is associated with malignant potential and chemosensitivity of cancer cells. Sphingolipid degradation depends on multiple lysosomal glucosidases. We focused on acid β-glucosidase (GBA), a lysosomal enzyme the deficiency of which is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. We analyzed the function of GBA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Human PDAC cell lines (PANC-1, BxPC-3 and AsPC-1) were examined under conditions of GBA knockdown via the short interfering RNA (siRNA) method. We assessed the morphological changes, GBA enzyme activity, GBA protein expression, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitophagy flux of PDAC cells. The GBA protein level and enzyme activity differed among cell lines. GBA knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis, especially in PANC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, with low GBA enzyme activity. GBA knockdown also decreased the MMP and impaired mitochondrial clearance. This impaired mitochondrial clearance further induced dysfunctional mitochondria accumulation and ROS generation in PDAC cells, inducing apoptosis. The antiproliferative effects of the combination of GBA suppression and gemcitabine were higher than those of gemcitabine alone. These results showed that GBA suppression exerts a significant antitumor effect and may have therapeutic potential in the clinical treatment of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Yanagaki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoga Hamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Taniai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Takada
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Science, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hurben AK, Tretyakova NY. Role of Protein Damage Inflicted by Dopamine Metabolites in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence, Tools, and Outlook. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1789-1804. [PMID: 35994383 PMCID: PMC10225972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that plays a critical role in motivational salience and motor coordination. However, dysregulated dopamine metabolism can result in the formation of reactive electrophilic metabolites which generate covalent adducts with proteins. Such protein damage can impair native protein function and lead to neurotoxicity, ultimately contributing to Parkinson's disease etiology. In this Review, the role of dopamine-induced protein damage in Parkinson's disease is discussed, highlighting the novel chemical tools utilized to drive this effort forward. Continued innovation of methodologies which enable detection, quantification, and functional response elucidation of dopamine-derived protein adducts is critical for advancing this field. Work in this area improves foundational knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to dopamine-mediated Parkinson's disease progression, potentially assisting with future development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K. Hurben
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Natalia Y. Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Khairnar RC, Parihar N, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Emerging targets signaling for inflammation in Parkinson's disease drug discovery. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2143-2161. [PMID: 35536461 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) patients not only show motor features such as bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity but also non-motor features such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, memory loss, attention deficits, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, gastrointestinal issues, and pain. Many pharmacological treatments are available for PD patients; however, these treatments are partially or transiently effective since they only decrease the symptoms. As these therapies are unable to restore dopaminergic neurons and stop the development of Parkinson's disease, therefore, the need for an effective therapeutic approach is required. The current review summarizes novel targets for PD, that can be utilized to identify disease-modifying treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhema Chandan Khairnar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Niraj Parihar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Khot M, Sood A, Tryphena KP, Khan S, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. NLRP3 inflammasomes: A potential target to improve mitochondrial biogenesis in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175300. [PMID: 36167151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative condition for which no approved treatment exists to prevent collective neuronal death. There is ample evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and associated caspase activity underlie the pathology observed. Neurons rely on mitochondrial activity since they have such high energy consumption. Therefore, it is not surprising that mitochondrial alterations favour neuronal degeneration. In particular, mitochondrial dysregulation contributes to PD, based on the observation that mitochondrial toxins can cause parkinsonism in humans and animal models. Also, it is known that inflammatory cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation is the key pathogenic mechanism in neuronal loss. In recent years, the research has focussed on mitochondria being the platform for nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Mitochondrial dysfunction and NLRP3 activation are emerging as critical players in inducing and sustaining neuroinflammation. Moreover, mitochondrial-derived ROS and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could serve as the priming signal for forming inflammasome complexes responsible for the activation, maturation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1(IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The current review takes a more comprehensive approach to elucidating the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant NLRP3 activation in PD. In addition, we focus on some inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammatory pathways to alleviate the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Sabiya Khan
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India.
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49
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Resveratrol Protects against Zearalenone-Induced Mitochondrial Defects during Porcine Oocyte Maturation via PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090641. [PMID: 36136579 PMCID: PMC9503427 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria hold redox homeostasis and energy metabolism as a crucial factor during oocyte maturation, while the exposure of estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone causes developmental incapacity in porcine oocyte. This study aimed to reveal a potential resistance of phytoalexin resveratrol against zearalenone during porcine oocyte maturation and whether its mechanism was related with PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Porcine oocytes were exposed to 20 μM zearalenone with or without 2 μM resveratrol during in vitro maturation. As for the results, zearalenone impaired ultrastructure of mitochondria, causing mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress, apoptosis and embryonic developmental incapacity, in which mitophagy was induced in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. Phytoalexin resveratrol enhanced mitophagy through PINK1/Parkin in zearalenone-exposed oocytes, manifesting as enhanced mitophagy flux, upregulated PINK1, Parkin, microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 beta-II (LC3B-II) and downregulated substrates mitofusin 2 (MFN2), voltage-dependent anion channels 1 (VDAC1) and p62 expressions. Resveratrol redressed zearalenone-induced mitochondrial depolarization, oxidative stress and apoptosis, and accelerated mitochondrial DNA copy during maturation, which improved embryonic development. This study offered an antitoxin solution during porcine oocyte maturation and revealed the involvement of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, in which resveratrol mitigated zearalenone-induced embryonic developmental incapacity.
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50
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Kwon K, Cho H, Lee S, Cho EJ, Yu W, Kok CYL, Je HS, Kim J, Cho HJ, Kwon T. Adaptive cellular response of the substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons upon age-dependent iron accumulation. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13694. [PMID: 35984750 PMCID: PMC9470899 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive iron accumulation in the substantia nigra in the aged human brain is a major risk factor for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Heavy metals, such as iron, produce reactive oxygen species and consequently oxidative stress in cells. It is unclear, however, how neurons in the substantia nigra are protected against the age-related, excessive accumulation of iron. In this study, we examined the cellular response of the substantia nigra against age-related iron accumulation in rats of different ages. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed the presence of iron in 6-month-old rats; in 15-month-old rats, iron accumulation significantly increased, particularly in the midbrain. Transcriptome analysis of the region, in which iron deposition was observed, revealed an increase in stress response genes in older animals. To identify the genes related to the cellular response to iron, independent of neurodevelopment, we exposed the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y to a similar quantity of iron and then analyzed their transcriptomic responses. Among various stress response pathways altered by iron overloading in the rat brain and SH-SY5Y cells, the genes associated with topologically incorrect protein responses were significantly upregulated. Knockdown of HERPUD1 and CLU in this pathway increased susceptibility to iron-induced cellular stress, thus demonstrating their roles in preventing iron overload-induced toxicity. The current study details the neuronal response to excessive iron accumulation, which is associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kujin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Hwapyeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Soyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Eun Jeong Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Weonjin Yu
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical SchoolSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Catherine Yen Li Kok
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical SchoolSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Hyunsoo Shawn Je
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical SchoolSingapore CitySingapore,Advanced Bioimaging Center, AcademiaSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Jae‐Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Hyung Joon Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and BiotechnologyUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)UlsanKorea,Center for Genome IntegrityInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)UlsanKorea
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