1
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Lengrand J, Pastushenko I, Vanuytven S, Song Y, Venet D, Sarate RM, Bellina M, Moers V, Boinet A, Sifrim A, Rama N, Ducarouge B, Van Herck J, Dubois C, Scozzaro S, Lemaire S, Gieskes S, Bonni S, Collin A, Braissand N, Allard J, Zindy E, Decaestecker C, Sotiriou C, Salmon I, Mehlen P, Voet T, Bernet A, Blanpain C. Pharmacological targeting of netrin-1 inhibits EMT in cancer. Nature 2023; 620:402-408. [PMID: 37532929 PMCID: PMC7615210 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06372-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates tumour initiation, progression, metastasis and resistance to anti-cancer therapy1-7. Although great progress has been made in understanding the role of EMT and its regulatory mechanisms in cancer, no therapeutic strategy to pharmacologically target EMT has been identified. Here we found that netrin-1 is upregulated in a primary mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) exhibiting spontaneous EMT. Pharmacological inhibition of netrin-1 by administration of NP137, a netrin-1-blocking monoclonal antibody currently used in clinical trials in human cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02977195 ), decreased the proportion of EMT tumour cells in skin SCC, decreased the number of metastases and increased the sensitivity of tumour cells to chemotherapy. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed the presence of different EMT states, including epithelial, early and late hybrid EMT, and full EMT states, in control SCC. By contrast, administration of NP137 prevented the progression of cancer cells towards a late EMT state and sustained tumour epithelial states. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of netrin-1 and its receptor UNC5B in EPCAM+ tumour cells inhibited EMT in vitro in the absence of stromal cells and regulated a common gene signature that promotes tumour epithelial state and restricts EMT. To assess the relevance of these findings to human cancers, we treated mice transplanted with the A549 human cancer cell line-which undergoes EMT following TGFβ1 administration8,9-with NP137. Netrin-1 inhibition decreased EMT in these transplanted A549 cells. Together, our results identify a pharmacological strategy for targeting EMT in cancer, opening up novel therapeutic interventions for anti-cancer therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Mice
- A549 Cells
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule/metabolism
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy
- Netrin Receptors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Netrin Receptors/deficiency
- Netrin Receptors/genetics
- Netrin-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Netrin-1/deficiency
- Netrin-1/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA-Seq
- Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lengrand
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Vanuytven
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Multi-omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Venet
- Laboratory of Breast Cancer Translational Research J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rahul M Sarate
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Melanie Bellina
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alice Boinet
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Laboratory of Multi-omic Integrative Bioinformatics, Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Rama
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jens Van Herck
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gieskes
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Bonni
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amandine Collin
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Braissand
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Justine Allard
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Egor Zindy
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
| | - Christine Decaestecker
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
- Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Ecole Polytechnique-Université libre de Bruxelles (EPB-ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Laboratory of Breast Cancer Translational Research J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles (H.U.B), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Jumet, Belgium
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France.
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Institute for Single-cell Omics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agnès Bernet
- NETRIS Pharma, Lyon, France.
- Laboratory Apoptosis, Cancer and Development, Equipe labellisee 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Institute PLAsCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France.
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WEL (Wallon ExceLlence) Research Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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2
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Debaugnies M, Rodríguez-Acebes S, Blondeau J, Parent MA, Zocco M, Song Y, de Maertelaer V, Moers V, Latil M, Dubois C, Coulonval K, Impens F, Van Haver D, Dufour S, Uemura A, Sotiropoulou PA, Méndez J, Blanpain C. RHOJ controls EMT-associated resistance to chemotherapy. Nature 2023; 616:168-175. [PMID: 36949199 PMCID: PMC10076223 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The resistance of cancer cells to therapy is responsible for the death of most patients with cancer1. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with resistance to therapy in different cancer cells2,3. However, the mechanisms by which EMT mediates resistance to therapy remain poorly understood. Here, using a mouse model of skin squamous cell carcinoma undergoing spontaneous EMT during tumorigenesis, we found that EMT tumour cells are highly resistant to a wide range of anti-cancer therapies both in vivo and in vitro. Using gain and loss of function studies in vitro and in vivo, we found that RHOJ-a small GTPase that is preferentially expressed in EMT cancer cells-controls resistance to therapy. Using genome-wide transcriptomic and proteomic profiling, we found that RHOJ regulates EMT-associated resistance to chemotherapy by enhancing the response to replicative stress and activating the DNA-damage response, enabling tumour cells to rapidly repair DNA lesions induced by chemotherapy. RHOJ interacts with proteins that regulate nuclear actin, and inhibition of actin polymerization sensitizes EMT tumour cells to chemotherapy-induced cell death in a RHOJ-dependent manner. Together, our study uncovers the role and the mechanisms through which RHOJ acts as a key regulator of EMT-associated resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Debaugnies
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Acebes
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Blondeau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Astrid Parent
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manuel Zocco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane de Maertelaer
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Latil
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphi Van Haver
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB Proteomics Core, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Akiyoshi Uemura
- Department of Retinal Vascular Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Juan Méndez
- DNA Replication Group, Molecular Oncology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Nappi A, Miro C, Pezone A, Tramontano A, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Cicatiello AG, Murolo M, Torabinejad S, Abbotto E, Caiazzo G, Raia M, Stornaiuolo M, Antonini D, Fabbrocini G, Salvatore D, Avvedimento VE, Dentice M. Loss of p53 activates thyroid hormone via type 2 deiodinase and enhances DNA damage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1244. [PMID: 36871014 PMCID: PMC9985592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36755-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thyroid Hormone (TH) activating enzyme, type 2 Deiodinase (D2), is functionally required to elevate the TH concentration during cancer progression to advanced stages. However, the mechanisms regulating D2 expression in cancer still remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the cell stress sensor and tumor suppressor p53 silences D2 expression, thereby lowering the intracellular THs availability. Conversely, even partial loss of p53 elevates D2/TH resulting in stimulation and increased fitness of tumor cells by boosting a significant transcriptional program leading to modulation of genes involved in DNA damage and repair and redox signaling. In vivo genetic deletion of D2 significantly reduces cancer progression and suggests that targeting THs may represent a general tool reducing invasiveness in p53-mutated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Tramontano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sepehr Torabinejad
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Abbotto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Caiazzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", 80149, Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.,Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Enrico Avvedimento
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy. .,CEINGE, Biotecnologie Avanzate S.c.a.r.l., 80131, Naples, Italy.
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4
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Yuan S, Stewart KS, Yang Y, Abdusselamoglu MD, Parigi SM, Feinberg TY, Tumaneng K, Yang H, Levorse JM, Polak L, Ng D, Fuchs E. Ras drives malignancy through stem cell crosstalk with the microenvironment. Nature 2022; 612:555-563. [PMID: 36450983 PMCID: PMC9750880 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas are triggered by marked elevation of RAS-MAPK signalling and progression from benign papilloma to invasive malignancy1-4. At tumour-stromal interfaces, a subset of tumour-initiating progenitors, the cancer stem cells, obtain increased resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy along this pathway5,6. The distribution and changes in cancer stem cells during progression from a benign state to invasive squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. Here we show in mice that, after oncogenic RAS activation, cancer stem cells rewire their gene expression program and trigger self-propelling, aberrant signalling crosstalk with their tissue microenvironment that drives their malignant progression. The non-genetic, dynamic cascade of intercellular exchanges involves downstream pathways that are often mutated in advanced metastatic squamous cell carcinomas with high mutational burden7. Coupling our clonal skin HRASG12V mouse model with single-cell transcriptomics, chromatin landscaping, lentiviral reporters and lineage tracing, we show that aberrant crosstalk between cancer stem cells and their microenvironment triggers angiogenesis and TGFβ signalling, creating conditions that are conducive for hijacking leptin and leptin receptor signalling, which in turn launches downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT-mTOR signalling during the benign-to-malignant transition. By functionally examining each step in this pathway, we reveal how dynamic temporal crosstalk with the microenvironment orchestrated by the stem cells profoundly fuels this path to malignancy. These insights suggest broad implications for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopeng Yuan
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine S Stewart
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihao Yang
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Merve Deniz Abdusselamoglu
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Martina Parigi
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tamar Y Feinberg
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Volastra Therapeutics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Tumaneng
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanseul Yang
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - John M Levorse
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Polak
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Ng
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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5
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Mauri F, Schepkens C, Lapouge G, Drogat B, Song Y, Pastushenko I, Rorive S, Blondeau J, Golstein S, Bareche Y, Miglianico M, Nkusi E, Rozzi M, Moers V, Brisebarre A, Raphaël M, Dubois C, Allard J, Durdu B, Ribeiro F, Sotiriou C, Salmon I, Vakili J, Blanpain C. NR2F2 controls malignant squamous cell carcinoma state by promoting stemness and invasion and repressing differentiation. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:1152-1169. [PMID: 35122061 PMCID: PMC7615150 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The nongenetic mechanisms required to sustain malignant tumor state are poorly understood. During the transition from benign tumors to malignant carcinoma, tumor cells need to repress differentiation and acquire invasive features. Using transcriptional profiling of cancer stem cells from benign tumors and malignant skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we identified the nuclear receptor NR2F2 as uniquely expressed in malignant SCC. Using genetic gain of function and loss of function in vivo, we show that NR2F2 is essential for promoting the malignant tumor state by controlling tumor stemness and maintenance in mouse and human SCC. We demonstrate that NR2F2 promotes tumor cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasive features, while repressing tumor differentiation and immune cell infiltration by regulating a common transcriptional program in mouse and human SCCs. Altogether, we identify NR2F2 as a key regulator of malignant cancer stem cell functions that promotes tumor renewal and restricts differentiation to sustain a malignant tumor state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Mauri
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Corentin Schepkens
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Drogat
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yura Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Jumet, Belgium
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremy Blondeau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Golstein
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Erwin Nkusi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Milena Rozzi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maylis Raphaël
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Justine Allard
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benoit Durdu
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Floriane Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, J.-C. Heuson, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Centre Universitaire Inter Régional d'Expertise en Anatomie Pathologique Hospitalière (CurePath), Jumet, Belgium
- DIAPath, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jalal Vakili
- ChromaCure SA, Grandbonpré 11/5, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Bruxelles, Belgium.
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6
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Miro C, Nappi A, Cicatiello AG, Di Cicco E, Sagliocchi S, Murolo M, Belli V, Troiani T, Albanese S, Amiranda S, Zavacki AM, Stornaiuolo M, Mancini M, Salvatore D, Dentice M. Thyroid Hormone Enhances Angiogenesis and the Warburg Effect in Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112743. [PMID: 34205977 PMCID: PMC8199095 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells rewire their metabolism to promote growth, survival, proliferation, and long-term maintenance. Aerobic glycolysis is a prominent trait of many cancers; contextually, glutamine addiction, enhanced glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis sustain the metabolic needs of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Thyroid hormone (TH) is a positive regulator of tumor progression and metastatic conversion of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Accordingly, overexpression of the TH activating enzyme, D2, is associated with metastatic SCC. The aim of our study was to assess the ability of TH and its activating enzyme in promoting key tracts of cancer progression such as angiogenesis, response to hypoxia and metabolic adaptation. By performing in vivo and in vitro studies, we demonstrate that TH induces VEGF-A in cancer cells and fosters aerobic glycolysis inducing pro-glycolytic mediators, thus implying that TH signal attenuation represents a therapeutic tool to contrast tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. Abstract Cancer angiogenesis is required to support energetic demand and metabolic stress, particularly during conditions of hypoxia. Coupled to neo-vasculogenesis, cancer cells rewire metabolic programs to sustain growth, survival and long-term maintenance. Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling regulates growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types and tissues, thus modulating hyper proliferative processes such as cancer. Herein, we report that TH coordinates a global program of metabolic reprogramming and induces angiogenesis through up-regulation of the VEGF-A gene, which results in the enhanced proliferation of tumor endothelial cells. In vivo conditional depletion of the TH activating enzyme in a mouse model of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) reduces the concentration of TH in the tumoral cells and results in impaired VEGF-A production and attenuated angiogenesis. In addition, we found that TH induces the expression of the glycolytic genes and fosters lactate production, which are key traits of the Warburg effect. Taken together, our results reveal a TH–VEGF-A–HIF1α regulatory axis leading to enhanced angiogenesis and glycolytic flux, which may represent a target for SCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Valentina Belli
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Laboratorio di Oncologia Molecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy; (V.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Sandra Albanese
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sara Amiranda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Ann Marie Zavacki
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 01451, USA;
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging of the National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.M.); (A.N.); (A.G.C.); (E.D.C.); (S.S.); (M.M.)
- CEINGE–Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Assabban A, Dubois-Vedrenne I, Van Maele L, Salcedo R, Snyder BL, Zhou L, Azouz A, de Toeuf B, Lapouge G, La C, Melchior M, Nguyen M, Thomas S, Wu SF, Hu W, Kruys V, Blanpain C, Trinchieri G, Gueydan C, Blackshear PJ, Goriely S. Tristetraprolin expression by keratinocytes protects against skin carcinogenesis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140669. [PMID: 33497366 PMCID: PMC8021119 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is caused primarily by genomic alterations resulting in deregulation of gene regulatory circuits in key growth, apoptosis, or DNA repair pathways. Multiple genes associated with the initiation and development of tumors are also regulated at the level of mRNA decay, through the recruitment of RNA-binding proteins to AU-rich elements (AREs) located in their 3'-untranslated regions. One of these ARE-binding proteins, tristetraprolin (TTP; encoded by Zfp36), is consistently dysregulated in many human malignancies. Herein, using regulated overexpression or conditional ablation in the context of cutaneous chemical carcinogenesis, we show that TTP represents a critical regulator of skin tumorigenesis. We provide evidence that TTP controlled both tumor-associated inflammation and key oncogenic pathways in neoplastic epidermal cells. We identify Areg as a direct target of TTP in keratinocytes and show that EGFR signaling potentially contributed to exacerbated tumor formation. Finally, single-cell RNA-Seq analysis indicated that ZFP36 was downregulated in human malignant keratinocytes. We conclude that TTP expression by epidermal cells played a major role in the control of skin tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assiya Assabban
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Dubois-Vedrenne
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Laurye Van Maele
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Rosalba Salcedo
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lecong Zhou
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Abdulkader Azouz
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Bérengère de Toeuf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, WELBIO, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline La
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Maxime Melchior
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Muriel Nguyen
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Séverine Thomas
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Si Fan Wu
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Wenqian Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, WELBIO, and ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giorgio Trinchieri
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory and
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stanislas Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology, ULB Center for Research in Immunology, and ULB Center for Cancer Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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8
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Choi JE, Sebastian C, Ferrer CM, Lewis CA, Sade-Feldman M, LaSalle T, Gonye A, Lopez BGC, Abdelmoula WM, Regan MS, Cetinbas M, Pascual G, Wojtkiewicz GR, Silveira GG, Boon R, Ross KN, Tirosh I, Saladi SV, Ellisen LW, Sadreyev RI, Benitah SA, Agar NYR, Hacohen N, Mostoslavsky R. A unique subset of glycolytic tumour-propagating cells drives squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Metab 2021; 3:182-195. [PMID: 33619381 PMCID: PMC7954080 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains among the most aggressive human cancers. Tumour progression and aggressiveness in SCC are largely driven by tumour-propagating cells (TPCs). Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, is a characteristic of many cancers; however, whether this adaptation is functionally important in SCC, and at which stage, remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 6 is a robust tumour suppressor in SCC, acting as a modulator of glycolysis in these tumours. Remarkably, rather than a late adaptation, we find enhanced glycolysis specifically in TPCs. More importantly, using single-cell RNA sequencing of TPCs, we identify a subset of TPCs with higher glycolysis and enhanced pentose phosphate pathway and glutathione metabolism, characteristics that are strongly associated with a better antioxidant response. Together, our studies uncover enhanced glycolysis as a main driver in SCC, and, more importantly, identify a subset of TPCs as the cell of origin for the Warburg effect, defining metabolism as a key feature of intra-tumour heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Eun Choi
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carlos Sebastian
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO, IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Christina M Ferrer
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline A Lewis
- The Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moshe Sade-Feldman
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas LaSalle
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna Gonye
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Begona G C Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walid M Abdelmoula
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Pascual
- Institute for Research and Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregory R Wojtkiewicz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgia G Silveira
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruben Boon
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth N Ross
- The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itay Tirosh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Srinivas V Saladi
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leif W Ellisen
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research and Biomedicine (IRB) Barcelona, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Hacohen
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The MGH Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Richard V, Kumar TRS, Pillai RM. Transitional dynamics of cancer stem cells in invasion and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100909. [PMID: 33049522 PMCID: PMC7557893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At the onset, few cancer cells amidst the tumor bulk, identified as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or early disseminated cancer cells (eDCCs) are capable of survival post conventional therapy and persist as minimal residual disease (MRD). Metastatic subclones emerge both early and late in the life of primary tumor ensuing an ongoing regional clonal evolution of progenitor cells in metastatic and primary tumors. In the last decade, multiple studies proposed various identities of stem-like cells that undergo transitions to adapt to the changing microenvironment as the disease progresses. This review advocates with substantial evidence the dynamic model of tumor propagation by exploring the specific cell types, reversible phenotypic plasticity between the tumorigenic leader seeds and the supporting follower cancer cells both in circulation and in solid tissue to accurately decipher tumor promoting clones and its role in metastatic dissemination and tumor re-growth. (142 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Richard
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India
| | - Radhakrishna M Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India.
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10
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Ke H, Yang Y, Lin Y, Liu L, Sun J, Massoumi R. High expression of CD34 and α6-integrin contributes to the cancer-initiating cell behaviour in ultraviolet-induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:6760-6767. [PMID: 33123267 PMCID: PMC7592010 DOI: 10.7150/jca.45819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma caused by ultraviolet light exposure represents over 40% of all malignant diseases. It is one of the most commonly found human tumours. Tumour mass within squamous cell carcinoma consists of various cell types, including cancer-initiating cells that are responsible for tumour progression, metastasis and chemoresistance and implicated in clinical relapse. In the present study, we aimed to characterise whether the cell population with high CD34 and α6-integrin expression behave as cancer-initiating cells within ultraviolet-induced squamous cell carcinoma in mouse skin. CD34highα6-integrinhigh compared to CD34lowα6-integrinhigh cells isolated from ultraviolet-induced squamous cell carcinoma could propagate effectively by displaying greater tumour initiating and self-renewal abilities. Our study suggests that CD34highα6-integrinhigh cells act as initiators upon ultraviolet-induced skin squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengning Ke
- Hubei AIDS Clinical Training Center, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - YvYing Yang
- Hubei AIDS Clinical Training Center, Department of Infectious Disease, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, P.R. China
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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11
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Revenco T, Nicodème A, Pastushenko I, Sznurkowska MK, Latil M, Sotiropoulou PA, Dubois C, Moers V, Lemaire S, de Maertelaer V, Blanpain C. Context Dependency of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for Metastasis. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1458-1468.e3. [PMID: 31693888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed to be important for metastatic dissemination. However, recent studies have challenged the requirement of EMT for metastasis. Here, we assessed in different models of primary skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) whether EMT is associated with metastasis. The incidence of metastasis was much higher in SCCs presenting EMT compared to SCCs without EMT, supporting the notion that a certain degree of EMT is required to initiate the metastatic cascade in primary skin SCCs. Most circulating tumor cells presented EMT, whereas most lung metastasis did not present EMT, showing that mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is important for metastatic colonization. In contrast, immunodeficient mice transplanted with SCCs, whether displaying EMT or not, presented metastasis. Altogether, our data demonstrate that the association of EMT and metastasis is model dependent, and metastasis of primary skin SCCs is associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Revenco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Adeline Nicodème
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Mathilde Latil
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1070, Belgium.
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12
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Lowry WE. Its written all over your face: The molecular and physiological consequences of aging skin. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111315. [PMID: 32681843 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Perhaps the most recognizable consequences of tissue aging are manifested in the skin. Hair graying and loss, telltale wrinkles, and age spots are indicative of physiological aging symptoms, many of which are analogous to processes in other tissues as well with less visible outcomes. While the study of skin aging has been conducted for decades, more recent work has illuminated many of the fundamental molecular and physiological causes of aging in the skin. Recent technological advances have allowed for the detection and quantification of a variety of physiological triggers that lead to aging in the skin and molecular methods have begun to determine the etiology of these phenotypic features. This review will attempt to summarize recent work in this area and provide some speculation about the next wave of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Lowry
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, 621 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States.
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13
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Mancino G, Sibilio A, Luongo C, Di Cicco E, Miro C, Cicatiello AG, Nappi A, Sagliocchi S, Ambrosio R, De Stefano MA, Di Girolamo D, Porcelli T, Murolo M, Saracino F, Perruolo G, Formisano P, Stornaiuolo M, Dentice M. The Thyroid Hormone Inactivator Enzyme, Type 3 Deiodinase, Is Essential for Coordination of Keratinocyte Growth and Differentiation. Thyroid 2020; 30:1066-1078. [PMID: 32111151 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2019.0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of development, tissue differentiation, and maintenance of metabolic balance in virtually every cell of the body. Accordingly, severe alteration of TH action during fetal life leads to permanent deficits in humans. The skin is among the few adult tissues expressing the oncofetal protein type 3 deiodinase (D3), the TH inactivating enzyme. Here, we demonstrate that D3 is dynamically regulated during epidermal ontogenesis. Methods: To investigate the function of D3 in a postdevelopmental context, we used a mouse model of conditional epidermal-specific D3 depletion. Loss of D3 resulted in tissue hypoplasia and enhanced epidermal differentiation in a cell-autonomous manner. Results: Accordingly, wound healing repair and hair follicle cycle were altered in the D3-depleted epidermis. Further, in vitro ablation of D3 in primary culture of keratinocytes indicated that various markers of stratified epithelial layers were upregulated, thereby confirming the pro-differentiative action of D3 depletion and the consequent increased intracellular triiodothyronine levels. Notably, loss of D3 reduced the clearance of systemic TH in vivo, thereby demonstrating the critical requirement for epidermal D3 in the maintenance of TH homeostasis. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results show that the D3 enzyme is a key TH-signaling component in the skin, thereby providing a striking example of a physiological context for deiodinase-mediated TH metabolism, as well as a rationale for therapeutic manipulation of deiodinases in pathophysiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Sibilio
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Miro
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Gaetana Cicatiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Public Health, and Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Porcelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Melania Murolo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Saracino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perruolo
- Department of Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Department of Translational Medicine, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy; Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Research Unit (URT) Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Council of Research (CNR); University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
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14
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Ramovs V, Krotenberg Garcia A, Song JY, de Rink I, Kreft M, Goldschmeding R, Sonnenberg A. Integrin α3β1 in hair bulge stem cells modulates CCN2 expression and promotes skin tumorigenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/7/e202000645. [PMID: 32423907 PMCID: PMC7240742 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hair bulge stem cells are not the cancer cells-of-origin, they contribute to two-stage DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis in an α3β1-dependent manner. Epidermal-specific deletion of integrin α3β1 almost completely prevents the formation of papillomas during 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA) two-stage skin carcinogenesis. This dramatic decrease in tumorigenesis was thought to be due to an egress and premature differentiation of α3β1-depleted hair bulge (HB) stem cells (SCs), previously considered to be the cancer cells-of-origin in the DMBA/TPA model. Using a reporter mouse line with inducible deletion of α3β1 in HBs, we show that HB SCs remain confined to their niche regardless of the presence of α3β1 and are largely absent from skin tumors. However, tumor formation was significantly decreased in mice deficient for α3β1 in HB SCs. RNA sequencing of HB SCs isolated from short-term DMBA/TPA–treated skin showed α3β1-dependent expression of the matricellular protein connective tissue growth factor (CCN2), which was confirmed in vitro, where CCN2 promoted colony formation and 3D growth of transformed keratinocytes. Together, these findings show that HBs contribute to skin tumorigenesis in an α3β1-dependent manner and suggest a role of HB SCs in creating a permissive environment for tumor growth through the modulation of CCN2 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ramovs
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Genomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Kreft
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Tumor propagating cells: drivers of tumor plasticity, heterogeneity, and recurrence. Oncogene 2019; 39:2055-2068. [PMID: 31801972 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is associated with the development of a highly variable pattern of cellular diversity, consequence of genetic and epigenetic diversification, followed by clonal selection and expansion. This process is shaped by the microenvironment and leads to intratumoral heterogeneity, which is characterized by differences between cancer cells in terms of gene expression, phenotypic markers, growth dynamics, and resistance to treatment. Another relevant aspect in intratumor heterogeneity is cell plasticity-the ability of a cell to switch to new identities. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that regulate cancer cell plasticity within a tumor, and explore the concept of tumor propagating cells, or TPCs, a cancer cell able to propagate/phenocopy the parental tumor and recapitulate tumor heterogeneity. We discuss the influence of the microenvironment and driver mutations on TPCs formation and function, the existence of phenotypically distinct TPC clones within a tumor, the evolution of TPCs with disease progression, and their implications for therapy.
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16
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Miro C, Di Cicco E, Ambrosio R, Mancino G, Di Girolamo D, Cicatiello AG, Sagliocchi S, Nappi A, De Stefano MA, Luongo C, Antonini D, Visconte F, Varricchio S, Ilardi G, Del Vecchio L, Staibano S, Boelen A, Blanpain C, Missero C, Salvatore D, Dentice M. Thyroid hormone induces progression and invasiveness of squamous cell carcinomas by promoting a ZEB-1/E-cadherin switch. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5410. [PMID: 31776338 PMCID: PMC6881453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial tumor progression often involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We report that increased intracellular levels of thyroid hormone (TH) promote the EMT and malignant evolution of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells. TH induces the EMT by transcriptionally up-regulating ZEB-1, mesenchymal genes and metalloproteases and suppresses E-cadherin expression. Accordingly, in human SCC, elevated D2 (the T3-producing enzyme) correlates with tumor grade and is associated with an increased risk of postsurgical relapse and shorter disease-free survival. These data provide the first in vivo demonstration that TH and its activating enzyme, D2, play an effective role not only in the EMT but also in the entire neoplastic cascade starting from tumor formation up to metastatic transformation, and supports the concept that TH is an EMT promoter. Our studies indicate that tumor progression relies on precise T3 availability, suggesting that pharmacological inactivation of D2 and TH signaling may suppress the metastatic proclivity of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Miro
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Mancino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Girolamo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Serena Sagliocchi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annarita Nappi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Angela De Stefano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Luongo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Dario Antonini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Varricchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cedric Blanpain
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caterina Missero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Dentice
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.
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17
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Wang X. Stem cells in tissues, organoids, and cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4043-4070. [PMID: 31317205 PMCID: PMC6785598 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells give rise to all cells and build the tissue structures in our body, and heterogeneity and plasticity are the hallmarks of stem cells. Epigenetic modification, which is associated with niche signals, determines stem cell differentiation and somatic cell reprogramming. Stem cells play a critical role in the development of tumors and are capable of generating 3D organoids. Understanding the properties of stem cells will improve our capacity to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dissecting epigenetic regulation could be helpful for achieving efficient cell reprograming and for developing new drugs for cancer treatment. Stem cell-derived organoids open up new avenues for modeling human diseases and for regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, in addition to the achievements in stem cell research, many challenges still need to be overcome for stem cells to have versatile application in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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18
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Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells with self-renewal capacity, that fuel tumor growth and contribute to the heterogeneous nature of tumors. First identified in hematological malignancies, CSC populations have to date been proposed in solid tumors in various organs. In vitro and in vivo assays, mouse genetic models, and more recently single-cell sequencing technologies and other '-omics' methodologies have not only facilitated the identification of novel CSC populations but also revealed and clarified novel properties of CSCs. Increasingly, both cell-autonomous and CSC niche factors are recognized as important contributors of CSC properties. The deepened understanding of CSC properties and characteristics would enable and facilitate the rational design of CSC-specific therapeutics that would, ideally, have high selectivity for cancer cells, eliminate tumor bulk, and prevent tumor recurrence. Addressing these issues would form some of the key challenges of the CSC research field in the coming years.
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19
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Miao Y, Yang H, Levorse J, Yuan S, Polak L, Sribour M, Singh B, Rosenblum M, Fuchs E. Adaptive Immune Resistance Emerges from Tumor-Initiating Stem Cells. Cell 2019; 177:1172-1186.e14. [PMID: 31031009 PMCID: PMC6525024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Our bodies are equipped with powerful immune surveillance to clear cancerous cells as they emerge. How tumor-initiating stem cells (tSCs) that form and propagate cancers equip themselves to overcome this barrier remains poorly understood. To tackle this problem, we designed a skin cancer model for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that can be effectively challenged by adoptive cytotoxic T cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapy. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and lineage tracing, we found that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-responding tSCs are superior at resisting ACT and form the root of tumor relapse. Probing mechanism, we discovered that during malignancy, tSCs selectively acquire CD80, a surface ligand previously identified on immune cells. Moreover, upon engaging cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), CD80-expressing tSCs directly dampen cytotoxic T cell activity. Conversely, upon CTLA4- or TGF-β-blocking immunotherapies or Cd80 ablation, tSCs become vulnerable, diminishing tumor relapse after ACT treatment. Our findings place tSCs at the crux of how immune checkpoint pathways are activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Miao
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Hanseul Yang
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - John Levorse
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Shaopeng Yuan
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Lisa Polak
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Megan Sribour
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Epithelial Cancer Biology and Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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20
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PDGFR-induced autocrine SDF-1 signaling in cancer cells promotes metastasis in advanced skin carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:5021-5037. [PMID: 30874597 PMCID: PMC6756210 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced and undifferentiated skin squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) exhibit aggressive growth and enhanced metastasis capability, which is associated in mice with an expansion of the cancer stem-like cell (CSC) population and with changes in the regulatory mechanisms that control the proliferation and invasion of these cells. Indeed, autocrine activation of PDGFRα induces CSC invasion and promotes distant metastasis in advanced SCCs. However, the mechanisms involved in this process were unclear. Here, we show that CSCs of mouse advanced SCCs (L-CSCs) express CXCR4 and CXCR7, both receptors of SDF-1. PDGFRα signaling induces SDF-1 expression and secretion, and the autocrine activation of this pathway in L-CSCs. Autocrine SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling induces L-CSC proliferation and survival, and mediates PDGFRα-induced invasion, promoting in vivo lung metastasis. Validation of these findings in patient samples of skin SCCs shows a strong correlation between the expression of SDF1, PDGFRA, and PDGFRB, which is upregulated, along CXCR4 in tumor cells of advanced SCCs. Furthermore, PDGFR regulates SDF-1 expression and inhibition of SDF-1/CXCR4 and PDGFR pathways blocks distant metastasis of human PD/S-SCCs. Our results indicate that functional crosstalk between PDGFR/SDF-1 signaling regulates tumor cell invasion and metastasis in human and mouse advanced SCCs, and suggest that CXCR4 and/or PDGFR inhibitors could be used to block metastasis of these aggressive tumors.
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21
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Sastre-Perona A, Hoang-Phou S, Leitner MC, Okuniewska M, Meehan S, Schober M. De Novo PITX1 Expression Controls Bi-Stable Transcriptional Circuits to Govern Self-Renewal and Differentiation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:390-404.e8. [PMID: 30713093 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal tumor propagating cells (TPCs) control squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) growth by self-renewing and differentiating into supra-basal SCC cells, which lack proliferative potential. While transcription factors such as SOX2 and KLF4 can drive these behaviors, their molecular roles and regulatory interactions with each other have remained elusive. Here, we show that PITX1 is specifically expressed in TPCs, where it co-localizes with SOX2 and TRP63 and determines cell fate in mouse and human SCC. Combining gene targeting with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and transcriptomic analyses reveals that PITX1 cooperates with SOX2 and TRP63 to sustain an SCC-specific transcriptional feed-forward circuit that maintains TPC-renewal, while inhibiting KLF4 expression and preventing KLF4-dependent differentiation. Conversely, KLF4 represses PITX1, SOX2, and TRP63 expression to prevent TPC expansion. This bi-stable, multi-input network reveals a molecular framework that explains self-renewal, aberrant differentiation, and SCC growth in mice and humans, providing clues for developing differentiation-inducing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sastre-Perona
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven Hoang-Phou
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie-Christin Leitner
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shane Meehan
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Schober
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Different cancer stem cell (CSC) populations can be found in many types of cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SSC). Diverse reports showed that CSC play a crucial role in the relapse of different types of cancer. CSC sustains tumor growth due to their capacity to self-renew and their potential to initiate secondary tumors with metastatic cancer features. Therefore, the development of methods for the isolation of CSC is a key step to explore the mechanisms underlying CSC maintenance. In this chapter, we provide a method for isolating CSC from cutaneous SSC using immunofluorescence labeling to allow the specific purification of CSC by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This method is based on the use of CSC membrane markers, allowing as well the isolation CSC from different mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fontenete
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Mirna Perez-Moreno
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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23
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Lee YS, Lee CH, Bae JT, Nam KT, Moon DB, Hwang OK, Choi JS, Kim TH, Jun HO, Jung YS, Hwang DY, Han SB, Yoon DY, Hong JT. Inhibition of skin carcinogenesis by suppression of NF-κB dependent ITGAV and TIMP-1 expression in IL-32γ overexpressed condition. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:293. [PMID: 30486830 PMCID: PMC6263970 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has been associated with various diseases. Previous studies have shown that IL-32 inhibited the development of several tumors. However, the role of IL-32γ, an isotype of IL-32, in skin carcinogenesis remains unknown. METHODS We compared 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (DMBA/TPA)-induced skin carcinogenesis in wild type (WT) and IL-32γ-overexpressing mice to evaluate the role of IL-32γ. We also analyzed cancer stemness and NF-κB signaling in skin cancer cell lines with or without IL-32γ expression by western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS Carcinogen-induced tumor incidence in IL-32γ mice was significantly reduced in comparison to that in WT mice. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were decreased in the skin tumor tissues of IL-32γ mice compared with WT mice. Using a genome-wide association study analysis, we found that IL-32 was associated with integrin αV (ITGAV) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), which are critical factor for skin carcinogenesis. Reduced expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1 were identified in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice compared to that in WT mice. NF-κB activity was also reduced in DMBA/TPA-induced skin tissues of IL-32γ mice. IL-32γ decreased cancer cell sphere formation and expression of stem cell markers, and increased chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death. IL-32γ also downregulated expression of ITGAV and TIMP-1, accompanied with the inhibition of NF-κB activity. In addition, IL-32γ expression with NF-κB inhibitor treatment further reduced skin inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and cancer cell sphere formation and downregulated expression levels of ITGAV and TIMP-1. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that IL-32γ suppressed skin carcinogenesis through the inhibition of both stemness and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment by the downregulation of TIMP-1 and ITGAV via inactivation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
- Hanbul Co, Ltd. R&D center, 634 Eon Ju-Ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Tae Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Tak Nam
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bong Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Kyung Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Soon Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Ok Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomaterial Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Kyungnam 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160 Republic of Korea
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24
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da Silva-Diz V, Lorenzo-Sanz L, Bernat-Peguera A, Lopez-Cerda M, Muñoz P. Cancer cell plasticity: Impact on tumor progression and therapy response. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:48-58. [PMID: 30130663 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Most tumors exhibit intra-tumor heterogeneity, which is associated with disease progression and an impaired response to therapy. Cancer cell plasticity has been proposed as being an important mechanism that, along with genetic and epigenetic alterations, promotes cancer cell diversity and contributes to intra-tumor heterogeneity. Plasticity endows cancer cells with the capacity to shift dynamically between a differentiated state, with limited tumorigenic potential, and an undifferentiated or cancer stem-like cell (CSC) state, which is responsible for long-term tumor growth. In addition, it confers the ability to transit into distinct CSC states with different competence to invade, disseminate and seed metastasis. Cancer cell plasticity has been linked to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program and relies not only on cell-autonomous mechanisms, but also on signals provided by the tumor microenvironment and/or induced in response to therapy. We provide an overview of the dynamic transition for cancer cell states, the mechanisms governing cell plasticity and their impact on tumor progression, metastasis and therapy response. Understanding the mechanisms involved in cancer cell plasticity will provide insights for establishing new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Lorenzo-Sanz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrià Bernat-Peguera
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Lopez-Cerda
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Purificación Muñoz
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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TGF-β-Induced Quiescence Mediates Chemoresistance of Tumor-Propagating Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 21:650-664.e8. [PMID: 29100014 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are heterogeneous tumors sustained by tumor-propagating cancer cells (TPCs). SCCs frequently resist chemotherapy through still unknown mechanisms. Here, we combine H2B-GFP-based pulse-chasing with cell-surface markers to distinguish quiescent from proliferative TPCs within SCCs. We find that quiescent TPCs resist DNA damage and exhibit increased tumorigenic potential in response to chemotherapy, whereas proliferative TPCs undergo apoptosis. Quiescence is regulated by TGF-β/SMAD signaling, which directly regulates cell-cycle gene transcription to control a reversible G1 cell-cycle arrest, independent of p21CIP function. Indeed, genetic or pharmacological TGF-β inhibition increases the susceptibility of TPCs to chemotherapy because it prevents entry into a quiescent state. These findings provide direct evidence that TPCs can reversibly enter a quiescent, chemoresistant state and thereby underscore the need for combinatorial approaches to improve treatment of chemotherapy-resistant SCCs.
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26
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Debaugnies M, Sánchez-Danés A, Rorive S, Raphaël M, Liagre M, Parent MA, Brisebarre A, Salmon I, Blanpain C. YAP and TAZ are essential for basal and squamous cell carcinoma initiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845809. [PMID: 29875149 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP and TAZ are key downstream regulators of the Hippo pathway, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. YAP and TAZ activation has been reported in different cancer types. However, it remains unclear whether they are required for the initiation of major skin malignancies like basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Here, we analyze the expression of YAP and TAZ in these skin cancers and evaluate cancer initiation in knockout mouse models. We show that YAP and TAZ are nuclear and highly expressed in different BCC types in both human and mice. Further, we find that cells with nuclear YAP and TAZ localize to the invasive front in well-differentiated SCC, whereas nuclear YAP is homogeneously expressed in spindle cell carcinoma undergoing EMT We also show that mouse BCC and SCC are enriched for YAP gene signatures. Finally, we find that the conditional deletion of YAP and TAZ in mouse models of BCC and SCC prevents tumor formation. Thus, YAP and TAZ are key determinants of skin cancer initiation, suggesting that targeting the YAP and TAZ signaling pathway might be beneficial for the treatment of skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Debaugnies
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adriana Sánchez-Danés
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, University Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maylis Raphaël
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Liagre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Astrid Parent
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, University Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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27
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Biondani G, Zeeberg K, Greco MR, Cannone S, Dando I, Dalla Pozza E, Mastrodonato M, Forciniti S, Casavola V, Palmieri M, Reshkin SJ, Cardone RA. Extracellular matrix composition modulates PDAC parenchymal and stem cell plasticity and behavior through the secretome. FEBS J 2018; 285:2104-2124. [PMID: 29660229 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers. Its aggressiveness is driven by an intense fibrotic desmoplastic reaction in which the increasingly collagen I-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) and several cell types, including cancer stem cells (CSCs), create a tumor-supportive environment. However, how ECM composition regulates CSC dynamics and their relationship with the principle parenchymal tumor population to promote early invasive growth is not yet characterized. For this, we utilized a platform of 3D organotypic cultures composed of laminin-rich Matrigel, representative of an early tumor, plus increasing concentrations of collagen I to simulate malignant stroma progression. As ECM collagen I increases, CSCs progress from a rapidly growing, vascular phenotype to a slower growing, avascular phase, while maintaining their endothelial-like gene signatures. This transition is supported autocrinically by the CSCs and paracrinically by the parenchymal cells via their ECM-dependent secretomes. Indeed, when growing on an early tumor ECM, the CSCs are dedicated toward the preparation of a vascular niche by (a) activating their growth program, (b) secreting high levels of proangiogenic factors which stimulate both angiogenesis and vasculogenic mimicry, and (c) overexpressing VEGFR-2, which is activated by VEGF secreted by both the CSC and parenchymal cells. On Matrigel, the more differentiated parenchymal tumor cell population had reduced growth but a high invasive capacity. This concerted high local invasion of parenchymal cells into the CSC-derived vascular network suggests that a symbiotic relationship between the parenchymal cells and the CSCs underlies the initiation and maintenance of early PDAC infiltration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biondani
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Forciniti
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Italy
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28
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Pastushenko I, Brisebarre A, Sifrim A, Fioramonti M, Revenco T, Boumahdi S, Van Keymeulen A, Brown D, Moers V, Lemaire S, De Clercq S, Minguijón E, Balsat C, Sokolow Y, Dubois C, De Cock F, Scozzaro S, Sopena F, Lanas A, D'Haene N, Salmon I, Marine JC, Voet T, Sotiropoulou PA, Blanpain C. Identification of the tumour transition states occurring during EMT. Nature 2018; 556:463-468. [PMID: 29670281 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 903] [Impact Index Per Article: 150.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumour stemness, metastasis and resistance to therapy. It has recently been proposed that, rather than being a binary process, EMT occurs through distinct intermediate states. However, there is no direct in vivo evidence for this idea. Here we screen a large panel of cell surface markers in skin and mammary primary tumours, and identify the existence of multiple tumour subpopulations associated with different EMT stages: from epithelial to completely mesenchymal states, passing through intermediate hybrid states. Although all EMT subpopulations presented similar tumour-propagating cell capacity, they displayed differences in cellular plasticity, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Their transcriptional and epigenetic landscapes identify the underlying gene regulatory networks, transcription factors and signalling pathways that control these different EMT transition states. Finally, these tumour subpopulations are localized in different niches that differentially regulate EMT transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ievgenia Pastushenko
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Marco Fioramonti
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Revenco
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soufiane Boumahdi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Virginie Moers
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Lemaire
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah De Clercq
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Esmeralda Minguijón
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cédric Balsat
- DIAPath, The Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Youri Sokolow
- Thoracic Surgery, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florian De Cock
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Federico Sopena
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario "Lozano Blesa", IIS Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Angel Lanas
- CIBERehd, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Nicky D'Haene
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thierry Voet
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Sanger Institute-EBI Single-Cell Genomics Centre, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Cédric Blanpain
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Buxelles, Brussels, Belgium. .,WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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29
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WNT ligands control initiation and progression of human papillomavirus-driven squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2018; 37:3753-3762. [PMID: 29662191 PMCID: PMC6033839 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-driven cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common cancer in immunosuppressed patients. Despite indications suggesting that HPV promotes genomic instability during cSCC development, the molecular pathways underpinning HPV-driven cSCC development remain unknown. We compared the transcriptome of HPV-driven mouse cSCC with normal skin and observed higher amounts of transcripts for Porcupine and WNT ligands in cSCC, suggesting a role for WNT signaling in cSCC progression. We confirmed increased Porcupine expression in human cSCC samples. Blocking the secretion of WNT ligands by the Porcupine inhibitor LGK974 significantly diminished initiation and progression of HPV-driven cSCC. Administration of LGK974 to mice with established cSCC resulted in differentiation of cancer cells and significant reduction of the cancer stem cell compartment. Thus, WNT/β-catenin signaling is essential for HPV-driven cSCC initiation and progression as well as for maintaining the cancer stem cell niche. Interference with WNT secretion may thus represent a promising approach for therapeutic intervention.
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30
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Zhang Y, Hao J, Zeng J, Li Q, Rao E, Sun Y, Liu L, Mandal A, Landers VD, Morris RJ, Cleary MP, Suttles J, Li B. Epidermal FABP Prevents Chemical-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis by Regulation of TPA-Induced IFN/p53/SOX2 Pathway in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1925-1934. [PMID: 29559340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin lipids (e.g., fatty acids) are essential for normal skin functions. Epidermal FABP (E-FABP) is the predominant FABP expressed in skin epidermis. However, the role of E-FABP in skin homeostasis and pathology remains largely unknown. Herein, we utilized the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate-induced skin tumorigenesis model to assess the role of E-FABP in chemical-induced skin tumorigenesis. Compared to their wild-type littermates, mice deficient in E-FABP, but not adipose FABP, developed more skin tumors with higher incidence. 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate functioning as a tumor promoter induced E-FABP expression and initiated extensive flaring inflammation in skin. Interestingly, 12-O-tetradecanolyphorbol-13-acetate -induced production of IFN-β and IFN-λ in the skin tissue was dependent on E-FABP expression. Further protein and gene expression arrays demonstrated that E-FABP was critical in enhancing IFN-induced p53 responses and in suppressing SOX2 expression in keratinocytes. Thus, E-FABP expression in skin suppresses chemical-induced skin tumorigenesis through regulation of IFN/p53/SOX2 pathway. Collectively, our data suggest an unknown function of E-FABP in prevention of skin tumor development, and offer E-FABP as a therapeutic target for improving skin innate immunity in chemical-induced skin tumor prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jiaqing Hao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Enyu Rao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanwen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lianliang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Anita Mandal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - V Douglas Landers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rebecca J Morris
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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31
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Huang PY, Kandyba E, Jabouille A, Sjolund J, Kumar A, Halliwill K, McCreery M, DelRosario R, Kang HC, Wong CE, Seibler J, Beuger V, Pellegrino M, Sciambi A, Eastburn DJ, Balmain A. Lgr6 is a stem cell marker in mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1624-1632. [PMID: 28945253 PMCID: PMC5662105 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptors Lgr4/5/6 are Wnt signalling mediators, but their functions in squamous carcinomas (SCCs) are unclear. Using lineage tracing in Lgr5-EGFP-CreERT2- and Lgr6-EGFP-CreERT2- Rosa26/Tomato reporter mice, we demonstrate that Lgr6, but not Lgr5, acts as an epithelial stem cell marker in vivo in SCCs. We identify, by single molecule in situ hybridisation and cell sorting, rare Lgr6-positive cells in immortalised keratinocytes, and show that their frequency increases in advanced SCCs. Lgr6 expression is enriched in cells with stem cell characteristics, and Lgr6 downregulation in vivo causes increased epidermal proliferation, with expanded lineage tracing from Lgr6+ epidermal stem cells. Surprisingly, Lgr6 germline knockout mice are predisposed to SCC development, by a mechanism that includes compensatory upregulation of Lgr5. These data provide a model for human patients with germline loss of function mutations in WNT pathway genes RSPO1 or LGR4, who show increased susceptibility to squamous tumour development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillips Y Huang
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eve Kandyba
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Arnaud Jabouille
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonas Sjolund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Atul Kumar
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle Halliwill
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Melissa McCreery
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Reyno DelRosario
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Sciambi
- Mission Bio, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Allan Balmain
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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32
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Semba T, Arima Y. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is predetermined by the epigenetic state of the skin tumor cell of origin. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:37. [PMID: 28607911 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.04.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Semba
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Arima
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Page A, Bravo A, Suarez-Cabrera C, Alameda JP, Casanova ML, Lorz C, Segrelles C, Segovia JC, Paramio JM, Navarro M, Ramirez A. IKKβ-Mediated Resistance to Skin Cancer Development Is Ink4a/Arf-Dependent. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:1255-1264. [PMID: 28584022 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IKKβ (encoded by IKBKB) is a protein kinase that regulates the activity of numerous proteins important in several signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB pathway. IKKβ exerts a protumorigenic role in several animal models of lung, hepatic, intestinal, and oral cancer. In addition, genomic and proteomic studies of human tumors also indicate that IKBKB gene is amplified or overexpressed in multiple tumor types. Here, the relevance of IKKβ in skin cancer was determined by performing carcinogenesis studies in animal models overexpressing IKKβ in the basal skin layer. IKKβ overexpression resulted in a striking resistance to skin cancer development and an increased expression of several tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53, p16, and p19. Mechanistically, this skin tumor-protective role of IKKβ is independent of p53, but dependent on the activity of the Ink4a/Arf locus. Interestingly, in the absence of p16 and p19, IKKβ-increased expression favors the appearance of cutaneous spindle cell-like squamous cell carcinomas, which are highly aggressive tumors. These results reveal that IKKβ activity prevents skin tumor development, and shed light on the complex nature of IKKβ effects on cancer progression, as IKKβ can both promote and prevent carcinogenesis depending on the cell type or molecular context.Implications: The ability of IKKβ to promote or prevent carcinogenesis suggests the need for further evaluation when targeting this protein. Mol Cancer Res; 15(9); 1255-64. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angustias Page
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristian Suarez-Cabrera
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Josefa P Alameda
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - M Llanos Casanova
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Corina Lorz
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Carmen Segrelles
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - José C Segovia
- Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Division. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Advanced Therapies Mixed Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús M Paramio
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Manuel Navarro
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Angel Ramirez
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain.
- Cell and Molecular Oncology Group, Institute of Biomedical Research, Universitary Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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35
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Ritschka B, Storer M, Mas A, Heinzmann F, Ortells MC, Morton JP, Sansom OJ, Zender L, Keyes WM. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype induces cellular plasticity and tissue regeneration. Genes Dev 2017; 31:172-183. [PMID: 28143833 PMCID: PMC5322731 DOI: 10.1101/gad.290635.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a form of cell cycle arrest induced by stress such as DNA damage and oncogenes. However, while arrested, senescent cells secrete a variety of proteins collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can reinforce the arrest and induce senescence in a paracrine manner. However, the SASP has also been shown to favor embryonic development, wound healing, and even tumor growth, suggesting more complex physiological roles than currently understood. Here we uncover timely new functions of the SASP in promoting a proregenerative response through the induction of cell plasticity and stemness. We show that primary mouse keratinocytes transiently exposed to the SASP exhibit increased expression of stem cell markers and regenerative capacity in vivo. However, prolonged exposure to the SASP causes a subsequent cell-intrinsic senescence arrest to counter the continued regenerative stimuli. Finally, by inducing senescence in single cells in vivo in the liver, we demonstrate that this activates tissue-specific expression of stem cell markers. Together, this work uncovers a primary and beneficial role for the SASP in promoting cell plasticity and tissue regeneration and introduces the concept that transient therapeutic delivery of senescent cells could be harnessed to drive tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Ritschka
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mekayla Storer
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Alba Mas
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Florian Heinzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mari Carmen Ortells
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - William M Keyes
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7104, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, U964, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
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Jian Z, Strait A, Jimeno A, Wang XJ. Cancer Stem Cells in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 137:31-37. [PMID: 27638386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are found in many cancer types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). CSCs initiate cancer formation and are linked to metastasis and resistance to therapies. Studies have revealed that several distinct CSC populations coexist in SCC and that tumor initiation and metastatic potential of these populations can be uncoupled. Therefore, it is critical to understand CSC biology to develop novel CSC-targeted therapies for patients with SCC with poor prognoses. This review compares the properties of CSCs in SCC with normal stem cells in the skin, summarizes current advances and characteristics of CSCs, and considers the challenges for CSC-targeted treatment of SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jian
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alexander Strait
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Antonio Jimeno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Latil M, Nassar D, Beck B, Boumahdi S, Wang L, Brisebarre A, Dubois C, Nkusi E, Lenglez S, Checinska A, Vercauteren Drubbel A, Devos M, Declercq W, Yi R, Blanpain C. Cell-Type-Specific Chromatin States Differentially Prime Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor-Initiating Cells for Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 20:191-204.e5. [PMID: 27889319 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells has been associated with metastasis, stemness, and resistance to therapy. Some tumors undergo EMT while others do not, which may reflect intrinsic properties of their cell of origin. However, this possibility is largely unexplored. By targeting the same oncogenic mutations to discrete skin compartments, we show that cell-type-specific chromatin and transcriptional states differentially prime tumors to EMT. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) derived from interfollicular epidermis (IFE) are generally well differentiated, while hair follicle (HF) stem cell-derived SCCs frequently exhibit EMT, efficiently form secondary tumors, and possess increased metastatic potential. Transcriptional and epigenomic profiling revealed that IFE and HF tumor-initiating cells possess distinct chromatin landscapes and gene regulatory networks associated with tumorigenesis and EMT that correlate with accessibility of key epithelial and EMT transcription factor binding sites. These findings highlight the importance of chromatin states and transcriptional priming in dictating tumor phenotypes and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Latil
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dany Nassar
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Beck
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Soufiane Boumahdi
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Audrey Brisebarre
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Erwin Nkusi
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Lenglez
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Agnieszka Checinska
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alizée Vercauteren Drubbel
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Devos
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rui Yi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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38
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Defining the clonal dynamics leading to mouse skin tumour initiation. Nature 2016; 536:298-303. [PMID: 27459053 PMCID: PMC5068560 DOI: 10.1038/nature19069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The changes that occur in cell dynamics following oncogenic mutation that lead to the development of tumours are currently unknown. Here, using skin epidermis as a model, we assessed the impact of oncogenic hedgehog signalling in distinct cell populations and their capacity to induce basal cell carcinoma, the most frequent cancer in humans. We found that only stem cells, and not progenitors, were competent to initiate tumour formation upon oncogenic hedgehog signalling. Interestingly, this difference was due to the hierarchical organization of tumour growth in oncogene-targeted stem cells, characterized by an increase of symmetric self-renewing divisions and a higher p53-dependent resistance to apoptosis, leading to rapid clonal expansion and progression into invasive tumours. Our work reveals that the capacity of oncogene-targeted cells to induce tumour formation is not only dependent on their long-term survival and expansion, but also on the specific clonal dynamics of the cancer cell of origin.
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Nassar D, Blanpain C. Cancer Stem Cells: Basic Concepts and Therapeutic Implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2016; 11:47-76. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-012615-044438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dany Nassar
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium;
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- IRIBHM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium;
- WELBIO, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels B-1070, Belgium
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40
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da Silva-Diz V, Simón-Extremera P, Bernat-Peguera A, de Sostoa J, Urpí M, Penín RM, Sidelnikova DP, Bermejo O, Viñals JM, Rodolosse A, González-Suárez E, Moruno AG, Pujana MÁ, Esteller M, Villanueva A, Viñals F, Muñoz P. Cancer Stem-like Cells Act via Distinct Signaling Pathways in Promoting Late Stages of Malignant Progression. Cancer Res 2015; 76:1245-59. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Strand-specific in vivo screen of cancer-associated miRNAs unveils a role for miR-21(∗) in SCC progression. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 18:111-21. [PMID: 26619149 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play diverse roles in both normal and malignant stem cells. Focusing on miRs and/or miR(∗)s abundant in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stem cells, we engineer an efficient, strand-specific expression library, and apply functional genomics screening in mice to identify which of 169 cancer-associated miRs are key drivers in malignant progression. Not previously linked functionally to cancer, miR-21(∗) was the second top hit, surfacing in >12% of tumours. miR-21(∗) also correlates with poor prognosis in human SCCs and enhances tumour progression in xenografts. On deleting the miR-21 gene and rescuing each strand separately, we document the dual, but independent, oncogenicity of miR-21 and miR-21(∗). A cohort of predicted miR-21(∗) targets inversely correlate with miR-21(∗) in SCCs. Of particular interest is Phactr4, which we show is a miR-21(∗) target in SCCs, acting through the Rb/E2F cell cycle axis. Through in vivo physiological miR screens, our findings add an interesting twist to an increasingly important oncomiR locus.
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Yang H, Schramek D, Adam RC, Keyes BE, Wang P, Zheng D, Fuchs E. ETS family transcriptional regulators drive chromatin dynamics and malignancy in squamous cell carcinomas. eLife 2015; 4:e10870. [PMID: 26590320 PMCID: PMC4739765 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating stem cells (SCs) exhibit distinct patterns of transcription factors and gene expression compared to healthy counterparts. Here, we show that dramatic shifts in large open-chromatin domain (super-enhancer) landscapes underlie these differences and reflect tumor microenvironment. By in vivo super-enhancer and transcriptional profiling, we uncover a dynamic cancer-specific epigenetic network selectively enriched for binding motifs of a transcription factor cohort expressed in squamous cell carcinoma SCs (SCC-SCs). Many of their genes, including Ets2 and Elk3, are themselves regulated by SCC-SC super-enhancers suggesting a cooperative feed-forward loop. Malignant progression requires these genes, whose knockdown severely impairs tumor growth and prohibits progression from benign papillomas to SCCs. ETS2-deficiency disrupts the SCC-SC super-enhancer landscape and downstream cancer genes while ETS2-overactivation in epidermal-SCs induces hyperproliferation and SCC super-enhancer-associated genes Fos, Junb and Klf5. Together, our findings unearth an essential regulatory network required for the SCC-SC chromatin landscape and unveil its importance in malignant progression. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10870.001 Many cancers contain a mixture of different types of cells. Of these, cells known as cancer stem cells can form new tumours and drive the growth and spread of the cancer around the body. A central question is how cancer stem cells differ from healthy adult stem cells. Recent evidence suggests that, in addition to having genetic mutations, cancer stem cells live in a very different environment to other cells within the tumour. This 'microenvironment'also has a major impact on how these cells behave compared to normal stem cells. Together, the genetic and environmental differences profoundly change the way genes are expressed in the cancer cells. In 2013, a group of researchers identified regions of DNA called super-enhancers. These regions are long stretches of DNA that proteins called transcription factors can interact with to coordinate the expression of nearby genes to alter the production of certain proteins. Super-enhancers contain several transcription factor-binding sites that are close to each other with the different sites being associated with transcription factors that are only active in specific types of cells. Furthermore, super-enhancers are often self-regulatory, meaning that the binding of transcription factors to a super-enhancer can lead to an increase in the expression of the genes that encode the same transcription factors. Yang, Schramek et al. have now identified the super-enhancers in a skin cancer called squamous cell carcinoma and showed that they differ dramatically from the super-enhancers of normal skin stem cells. Their experiments show that the active super-enhancers in cancer stem cells are associated with a very different set of genes that are highly and often specifically expressed in cancer stem cells. In the cancer stem cells, a transcription factor called ETS2 binds to the super-enhancers and reprograms the expression of genes to promote the development of cancer. Yang, Schramek et al. also show that over-active ETS2 is a major driver of squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, ETS2 also increases the expression of genes that cause inflammation and promote the growth of cancers. Yang, Schramek et al.’s findings reveal a new regulatory network that governs the expression of genes involved in cancer. Furthermore, the experiments show that high levels of ETS2 are linked with poor outcomes for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which is one of the most life-threatening cancers world-wide. In the future, these findings might lead to the development of new therapies to treat these cancers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10870.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Rene C Adam
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Brice E Keyes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States.,Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
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Beck B, Lapouge G, Rorive S, Drogat B, Desaedelaere K, Delafaille S, Dubois C, Salmon I, Willekens K, Marine JC, Blanpain C. Different levels of Twist1 regulate skin tumor initiation, stemness, and progression. Cell Stem Cell 2015; 16:67-79. [PMID: 25575080 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Twist1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. However, it remains unclear whether Twist1 is also required for tumor initiation and whether Twist1-induced cancer stemness and EMT are functionally linked. Using a conditional deletion of Twist1 at different stages of skin carcinogenesis, we show that Twist1 is required for skin tumor initiation and progression in a gene-dosage-dependent manner. Moreover, conditional ablation of Twist1 in benign tumors leads to increased apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, and defective tumor maintenance and propagation independently of its EMT-inducing abilities. Concomitant deletion of Twist1 and p53 rescues the apoptotic response, but not the cell proliferation and propagation defects. These results reveal that Twist1 is required for tumor initiation and maintenance in a p53-dependent and -independent manner. Importantly, our findings also indicate that tumor stemness and EMT can be regulated by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Beck
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Lapouge
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Rorive
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; DIAPATH - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Drogat
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kylie Desaedelaere
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Delafaille
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Dubois
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Salmon
- Department of Pathology, Erasme Hospital, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; DIAPATH - Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Karen Willekens
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Biology, Center of Human Genetics, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- Université Libre de Buxelles (ULB), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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44
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Nassar D, Latil M, Boeckx B, Lambrechts D, Blanpain C. Genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced and genetically induced mouse skin squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Med 2015; 21:946-54. [PMID: 26168291 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of cancers are routinely used to study cancer biology. However, it remains unclear whether carcinogenesis in mice is driven by the same spectrum of genomic alterations found in humans. Here we conducted a comprehensive genomic analysis of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer, the most commonly used skin cancer model, which appears as benign papillomas that progress into squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). We also studied genetically induced SCCs that expressed G12D mutant Kras (Kras G12D) but were deficient for p53. Using whole-exome sequencing, we uncovered a characteristic mutational signature of DMBA-induced SCCs. We found that the vast majority of DMBA-induced SCCs presented recurrent mutations in Hras, Kras or Rras2 and mutations in several additional putative oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Similar genes were recurrently mutated in mouse and human SCCs that were from different organs or had been exposed to different carcinogens. Invasive SCCs, but not papillomas, presented substantial chromosomal aberrations, especially in DMBA-induced and genetically induced Trp53-mutated SCCs. Metastasis occurred through sequential spreading, with relatively few additional genetic events. This study provides a framework for future functional cancer genomic studies in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Nassar
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Latil
- Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Boeckx
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 1] Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie VIB, Leuven, Belgium. [2] Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cédric Blanpain
- 1] Institut de recherche interdisciplinaire en biologie humaine et moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université libre de Buxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium. [2] WELBIO, Brussels, Belgium
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45
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Sharma A, Gadkari RA, Ramakanth SV, Padmanabhan K, Madhumathi DS, Devi L, Appaji L, Aster JC, Rangarajan A, Dighe RR. A novel Monoclonal Antibody against Notch1 Targets Leukemia-associated Mutant Notch1 and Depletes Therapy Resistant Cancer Stem Cells in Solid Tumors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11012. [PMID: 26046801 PMCID: PMC4457015 DOI: 10.1038/srep11012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher Notch signaling is known to be associated with hematological and solid cancers. We developed a potential immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for the Negative Regulatory Region of Notch1 (NRR). The MAb604.107 exhibited higher affinity for the "Gain-of-function" mutants of Notch1 NRR associated with T Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL). Modeling of the mutant NRR with 12 amino-acid insertion demonstrated "opening" resulting in exposure of the S2-cleavage site leading to activated Notch1 signaling. The MAb, at low concentrations (1-2 μg/ml), inhibited elevated ligand-independent Notch1 signaling of NRR mutants, augmented effect of Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of mutant Notch1, but had no effect on the wild-type Notch1. The antibody decreased proliferation of the primary T-ALL cells and depleted leukemia initiating CD34/CD44 high population. At relatively high concentrations, (10-20 μg/ml), the MAb affected Notch1 signaling in the breast and colon cancer cell lines. The Notch-high cells sorted from solid-tumor cell lines exhibited characteristics of cancer stem cells, which were inhibited by the MAb. The antibody also increased the sensitivity to Doxorubucinirubicin. Further, the MAb impeded the growth of xenografts from breast and colon cancer cells potentiated regression of the tumors along with Doxorubucin. Thus, this antibody is potential immunotherapeutic tool for different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Sharma
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rupali A Gadkari
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Satthenapalli V Ramakanth
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Davanam S Madhumathi
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Lingappa Appaji
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham &Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Annapoorni Rangarajan
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajan R Dighe
- Department of Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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46
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TGF-β promotes heterogeneity and drug resistance in squamous cell carcinoma. Cell 2015; 160:963-976. [PMID: 25723170 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Subsets of long-lived, tumor-initiating stem cells often escape cancer therapies. However, sources and mechanisms that generate tumor heterogeneity and drug-resistant cell population are still unfolding. Here, we devise a functional reporter system to lineage trace and/or genetic ablate signaling in TGF-β-activated squamous cell carcinoma stem cells (SCC-SCs). Dissecting TGF-β's impact on malignant progression, we demonstrate that TGF-β concentrating near tumor-vasculature generates heterogeneity in TGF-β signaling at tumor-stroma interface and bestows slower-cycling properties to neighboring SCC-SCs. While non-responding progenies proliferate faster and accelerate tumor growth, TGF-β-responding progenies invade, aberrantly differentiate, and affect gene expression. Intriguingly, TGF-β-responding SCC-SCs show increased protection against anti-cancer drugs, but slower-cycling alone does not confer survival. Rather, TGF-β transcriptionally activates p21, which stabilizes NRF2, thereby markedly enhancing glutathione metabolism and diminishing effectiveness of anti-cancer therapeutics. Together, these findings establish a surprising non-genetic paradigm for TGF-β signaling in fueling heterogeneity in SCC-SCs, tumor characteristics, and drug resistance.
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47
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Hettmer S, Bronson RT, Wagers AJ. Distinct malignant behaviors of mouse myogenic tumors induced by different oncogenetic lesions. Front Oncol 2015; 5:50. [PMID: 25759794 PMCID: PMC4338657 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are heterogeneous cancers with myogenic differentiation features. The cytogenetic and mutational aberrations in RMS are diverse. This study examined differences in the malignant behavior of two genetically distinct and disease-relevant mouse myogenic tumor models. Kras; p1619(null) myogenic tumors, initiated by expression of oncogenic Kras in p16p19(null) mouse satellite cells, were metastatic to the lungs of the majority of tumor-bearing animals and repopulated tumors in seven of nine secondary recipients. In contrast, SmoM2 tumors, initiated by ubiquitous expression of a mutant Smoothened allele, did not metastasize and repopulated tumors in 2 of 18 recipients only. In summary, genetically distinct myogenic tumors in mice exhibit marked differences in malignant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hettmer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany ; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University , Boston, MA , USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Chevy Chase, MD , USA ; Joslin Diabetes Center , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Veterinary School , North Grafton, MA , USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University , Boston, MA , USA ; Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Chevy Chase, MD , USA ; Joslin Diabetes Center , Boston, MA , USA
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48
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Islam F, Qiao B, Smith RA, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Cancer stem cell: fundamental experimental pathological concepts and updates. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:184-91. [PMID: 25659759 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subset of cancer cells which play a key role in predicting the biological aggressiveness of cancer due to its ability of self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation (stemness). The CSC model is a dynamic one with a functional subpopulation of cancer cells rather than a stable cell population responsible for tumour regeneration. Hypotheses regarding the origins of CSCs include (1) malignant transformation of normal stem cells; (2) mature cancer cell de-differentiation with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and (3) induced pluripotent cancer cells. Surprisingly, the cancer stem cell hypothesis originated in the late nineteenth century and the existence of haematopoietic stem cells was demonstrated a century later, demonstrating that the concept was possible. In the last decade, CSCs have been identified and isolated in different cancers. The hallmark traits of CSCs include their heterogeneity, interaction with microenvironments and plasticity. Understanding these basic concepts of CSCs is important for translational applications using CSCs in the management of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhadul Islam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bin Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Robert A Smith
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alfred K-Y Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pathology, Gold Coast University Hospital, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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Zhang L, Ge Y, Fuchs E. miR-125b can enhance skin tumor initiation and promote malignant progression by repressing differentiation and prolonging cell survival. Genes Dev 2015; 28:2532-46. [PMID: 25403182 PMCID: PMC4233245 DOI: 10.1101/gad.248377.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zhang et al. show that miR-125b is abundantly expressed, particularly at early stages of malignant progression to squamous cell carcinoma. When elevated in normal murine epidermis, miR-125b promotes tumor initiation and contributes to malignant progression. mir-125b directly represses stress-responsive MAPK genes and indirectly prolongs activated EGFR signaling by repressing Vps4B, encoding a protein implicated in negatively regulating the endosomal sorting complexes that are necessary for the recycling of active EGFR. Previously, we identified miR-125b as a key regulator of the undifferentiated state of hair follicle stem cells. Here, we show that in both mice and humans, miR-125b is abundantly expressed, particularly at early stages of malignant progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the second most prevalent cancer worldwide. Moreover, when elevated in normal murine epidermis, miR-125b promotes tumor initiation and contributes to malignant progression. We further show that miR-125b can confer “oncomiR addiction” in early stage malignant progenitors by delaying their differentiation and favoring an SCC cancer stem cell (CSC)-like transcriptional program. To understand how, we systematically identified and validated miR125b targets that are specifically associated with tumors that are dependent on miR-125b. Through molecular and genetic analysis of these targets, we uncovered new insights underlying miR-125b’s oncogenic function. Specifically, we show that, on the one hand, mir-125b directly represses stress-responsive MAP kinase genes and associated signaling. On the other hand, it indirectly prolongs activated (phosphorylated) EGFR signaling by repressing Vps4b (vacuolar protein-sorting 4 homolog B), encoding a protein implicated in negatively regulating the endosomal sorting complexes that are necessary for the recycling of active EGFR. Together, these findings illuminate miR-125b as an important microRNA regulator that is shared between normal skin progenitors and their early malignant counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elaine Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Ding X, Lucas T, Marcuzzi GP, Pfister H, Eming SA. Distinct Functions of Epidermal and Myeloid-Derived VEGF-A in Skin Tumorigenesis Mediated by HPV8. Cancer Res 2014; 75:330-43. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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