1
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Cannea FB, Diana D, Rossino R, Padiglia A. ECPUB5 Polyubiquitin Gene in Euphorbia characias: Molecular Characterization and Seasonal Expression Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:957. [PMID: 39062736 PMCID: PMC11275293 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The spurge Euphorbia characias is known for its latex, which is rich in antioxidant enzymes and anti-phytopathogen molecules. In this study, we identified a novel polyubiquitin protein in the latex and leaves, leading to the first molecular characterization of its coding gene and expressed protein in E. characias. Using consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers (CODEHOP) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (5'/3'-RACE), we reconstructed the entire open reading frame (ORF) and noncoding regions. Our analysis revealed that the polyubiquitin gene encodes five tandemly repeated sequences, each coding for a ubiquitin monomer with amino acid variations in four of the five repeats. In silico studies have suggested functional differences among monomers. Gene expression peaked during the summer, correlating with high temperatures and suggesting a role in heat stress response. Western blotting confirmed the presence of polyubiquitin in the latex and leaf tissues, indicating active ubiquitination processes. These findings enhance our understanding of polyubiquitin's regulatory mechanisms and functions in E. characias, highlighting its unique structural and functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustina Barbara Cannea
- Biomedical Section, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Daniela Diana
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health (DSMSP), AOU Presidio Microcitemico, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (D.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Rossano Rossino
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health (DSMSP), AOU Presidio Microcitemico, University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy; (D.D.); (R.R.)
| | - Alessandra Padiglia
- Biomedical Section, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
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2
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Goncharov T, Kőműves LG, Kist M, Castellanos ER, Witt A, Fedorova AV, Izrael-Tomasevic A, Yu K, Keir M, Matsumoto ML, Vucic D. Simultaneous substrate and ubiquitin modification recognition by bispecific antibodies enables detection of ubiquitinated RIP1 and RIP2. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eabn1101. [PMID: 38227684 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn1101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that is crucial for the dynamic regulation of diverse signaling pathways. To enhance our understanding of ubiquitination-mediated signaling, we generated a new class of bispecific antibodies that combine recognition of ubiquitination substrates and specific polyubiquitin linkages. RIP1-K63 and RIP1-linear (Lin) linkage polyubiquitin bispecific antibodies detected linkage-specific ubiquitination of the proinflammatory kinase RIP1 in cells and in tissues and revealed RIP1 ubiquitination by immunofluorescence. Similarly, ubiquitination of the RIP1-related kinase RIP2 with K63 or linear linkages was specifically detected with the RIP2-K63 and RIP2-Lin bispecific antibodies, respectively. Furthermore, using the RIP2-K63 and RIP2-Lin bispecific antibodies, we found prominent K63-linked and linear RIP2 ubiquitination in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. We also developed a bispecific antibody (K63-Lin) that simultaneously recognizes K63-linked and linear ubiquitination of components of various signaling pathways. Together, these bispecific antibodies represent a new class of reagents with the potential to be developed for the detection of inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Goncharov
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - László G Kőműves
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Matthias Kist
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Erick R Castellanos
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Axel Witt
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anna V Fedorova
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anita Izrael-Tomasevic
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kebing Yu
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Mary Keir
- Department of Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Marissa L Matsumoto
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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3
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Kudriaeva AA, Yakubova LA, Saratov GA, Vladimirov VI, Lipkin VM, Belogurov AA. Topology of Ubiquitin Chains in the Chromatosomal Environment of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase RNF168. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:2063-2072. [PMID: 38462450 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792312009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome stability is critical for normal functioning of cells, it depends on accuracy of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and DNA repair. Cellular defense mechanisms against DNA damage are important for preventing cancer development and aging. The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 of the RING superfamily is an essential component of the complex responsible for ubiquitination of the H2A/H2A.X histones near DNA double-strand breaks, which is a key step in attracting repair factors to the damage site. In this study, we unequivocally showed that RNF168 does not have the ability to directly distinguish architecture of polyubiquitin chains, except for the tropism of its two ubiquitin-binding domains UDM1/2 to K63 ubiquitin chains. Analysis of intracellular chromatosomal environment of the full-length RNF168 and its domains using the ligand-induced bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) revealed that the C-terminal part of UDM1 is associated with the K63 ubiquitin chains; RING and the N-terminal part of UDM2 are sterically close to the K63- and K48-ubiquitin chains, while the C-terminal part of UDM1 is co-localized with all possible ubiquitin variants. Our observations together with the available structural data suggest that the C-terminal part of UDM1 binds the K63 polyubiquitin chains on the linker histone H1; RING and the N-terminal part of UDM2 are located in the central part of nucleosome and sterically close to H1 and K48-ubiquitinated alternative substrates of RNF168, such as JMJD2A/B demethylases, while the C-terminal part of UDM1 is in the region of activated ubiquitin residue associated with E2 ubiquitin ligase, engaged by RNF168.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
| | - Lyudmila A Yakubova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - George A Saratov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Valeriy M Lipkin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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4
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Hughes DC, Goodman CA, Baehr LM, Gregorevic P, Bodine SC. A critical discussion on the relationship between E3 ubiquitin ligases, protein degradation, and skeletal muscle wasting: it's not that simple. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1567-C1582. [PMID: 37955121 PMCID: PMC10861180 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00457.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification (PTM) for protein substrates, whereby ubiquitin is added to proteins through the coordinated activity of activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2), and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes. The E3s provide key functions in the recognition of specific protein substrates to be ubiquitinated and aid in determining their proteolytic or nonproteolytic fates, which has led to their study as indicators of altered cellular processes. MuRF1 and MAFbx/Atrogin-1 were two of the first E3 ubiquitin ligases identified as being upregulated in a range of different skeletal muscle atrophy models. Since their discovery, the expression of these E3 ubiquitin ligases has often been studied as a surrogate measure of changes to bulk protein degradation rates. However, emerging evidence has highlighted the dynamic and complex regulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in skeletal muscle and demonstrated that protein ubiquitination is not necessarily equivalent to protein degradation. These observations highlight the potential challenges of quantifying E3 ubiquitin ligases as markers of protein degradation rates or ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) activation. This perspective examines the usefulness of monitoring E3 ubiquitin ligases for determining specific or bulk protein degradation rates in the settings of skeletal muscle atrophy. Specific questions that remain unanswered within the skeletal muscle atrophy field are also identified, to encourage the pursuit of new research that will be critical in moving forward our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern protein function and degradation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Hughes
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leslie M Baehr
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research (CMR), Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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5
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Sakamoto Y, Sasaki K, Omatsu M, Hamada K, Nakanishi Y, Itatani Y, Kawada K, Obama K, Seno H, Iwai K. Differential involvement of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages during intestinal inflammation. J Pathol 2023; 259:304-317. [PMID: 36454102 DOI: 10.1002/path.6042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier and dysregulation of macrophages are major factors contributing to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Activation of NF-κB and cell death are involved in maintaining intestinal homeostasis in a cell type-dependent manner. Although both are regulated by linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC)-mediated linear ubiquitination, the physiological relevance of linear ubiquitination to intestinal inflammation remains unexplored. Here, we used two experimental mouse models of IBD (intraperitoneal LPS and oral dextran sodium sulfate [DSS] administration) to examine the role of linear ubiquitination in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages during intestinal inflammation. We did this by deleting the linear ubiquitination activity of LUBAC specifically from IECs or macrophages. Upon LPS administration, loss of ligase activity in IECs induced mucosal inflammation and augmented IEC death. LPS-mediated death of LUBAC-defective IECs was triggered by TNF. IEC death was rescued by an anti-TNF antibody, and TNF (but not LPS) induced apoptosis of organoids derived from LUBAC-defective IECs. However, augmented TNF-mediated IEC death did not overtly affect the severity of colitis after DSS administration. By contrast, defective LUBAC ligase activity in macrophages ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by attenuating both infiltration of macrophages and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Decreased production of macrophage chemoattractant MCP-1/CCL2, as well as pro-inflammatory IL-6 and TNF, occurred through impaired activation of NF-κB and ERK via loss of ligase activity in macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that both intraperitoneal LPS and oral DSS administrations are beneficial for evaluating epithelial integrity under inflammatory conditions, as well as macrophage functions in the event of an epithelial barrier breach. The data clarify the cell-specific roles of linear ubiquitination as a critical regulator of TNF-mediated epithelial integrity and macrophage pro-inflammatory responses during intestinal inflammation. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Sasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuki Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Itatani
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Gupta S, Agrawal A. Dendritic cells in inborn errors of immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080129. [PMID: 36756122 PMCID: PMC9899832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial cells for initiating and maintaining immune response. They play critical role in homeostasis, inflammation, and autoimmunity. A number of molecules regulate their functions including synapse formation, migration, immunity, and induction of tolerance. A number of IEI are characterized by mutations in genes encoding several of these molecules resulting in immunodeficiency, inflammation, and autoimmunity in IEI. Currently, there are 465 Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) that have been grouped in 10 different categories. However, comprehensive studies of DCs have been reported in only few IEI. Here we have reviewed biology of DCs in IEI classified according to recently published IUIS classification. We have reviewed DCs in selected IEI in each group category and discussed in depth changes in DCs where significant data are available regarding role of DCs in clinical and immunological manifestations. These include severe immunodeficiency diseases, antibody deficiencies, combined immunodeficiency with associated and syndromic features, especially disorders of synapse formation, and disorders of immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Gupta
- Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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7
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Bychkova VE, Dolgikh DA, Balobanov VA, Finkelstein AV. The Molten Globule State of a Globular Protein in a Cell Is More or Less Frequent Case Rather than an Exception. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144361. [PMID: 35889244 PMCID: PMC9319461 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Quite a long time ago, Oleg B. Ptitsyn put forward a hypothesis about the possible functional significance of the molten globule (MG) state for the functioning of proteins. MG is an intermediate between the unfolded and the native state of a protein. Its experimental detection and investigation in a cell are extremely difficult. In the last decades, intensive studies have demonstrated that the MG-like state of some globular proteins arises from either their modifications or interactions with protein partners or other cell components. This review summarizes such reports. In many cases, MG was evidenced to be functionally important. Thus, the MG state is quite common for functional cellular proteins. This supports Ptitsyn’s hypothesis that some globular proteins may switch between two active states, rigid (N) and soft (MG), to work in solution or interact with partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E. Bychkova
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (V.E.B.); (A.V.F.)
| | - Dmitry A. Dolgikh
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117871 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vitalii A. Balobanov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (V.E.B.); (A.V.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexei V. Finkelstein
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia; (V.E.B.); (A.V.F.)
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8
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Yu B, Wang F, Wang Y. Advances in the Structural and Physiological Functions of SHARPIN. Front Immunol 2022; 13:858505. [PMID: 35547743 PMCID: PMC9084887 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SHARPIN was initially found as a SHANK-associated protein. SHARPIN can be used as an important component to form the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) with HOIL-1L, HOIP to produce a linear ubiquitin chain connected N-terminal Met1, playing a critical role in various cellular processes including NF-κB signaling, inflammation, embryogenesis and apoptosis. SHARPIN alone can also participate in many critical physiological activities and cause various disorders such as chronic dermatitis, tumor, and Alzheimer’s disease. Mice with spontaneous autosomal recessive mutations in the SHARPIN protein mainly exhibit chronic dermatitis and immunodeficiency with elevated IgM. Additionally, SHARPIN alone also plays a key role in various cellular events, such as B cells activation and platelet aggregation. Structural studies of the SHARPIN or LUBAC have been reported continuously, advancing our understanding of it at the molecular level. However, the full-length structure of the SHARPIN or LUBAC was lagging, and the molecular mechanism underlying these physiological processes is also unclear. Herein, we summarized the currently resolved structure of SHARPIN as well as the emerging physiological role of SHARPIN alone or in LUBAC. Further structural and functional study of SHARPIN will provide insight into the role and underlying mechanism of SHARPIN in disease, as well as its potential application in therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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9
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Gong L, Ou X, Hu L, Zhong J, Li J, Deng S, Li B, Pan L, Wang L, Hong X, Luo W, Zeng Q, Zan J, Peng T, Cai M, Li M. The Molecular Mechanism of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL31 in Antagonizing the Activity of IFN-β. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0188321. [PMID: 35196784 PMCID: PMC8865407 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01883-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection triggers intricate signal cascade reactions to activate the host innate immunity, which leads to the production of type I interferon (IFN-I). Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a human-restricted pathogen, is capable of encoding over 80 viral proteins, and several of them are involved in immune evasion to resist the host antiviral response through the IFN-I signaling pathway. Here, we determined that HSV-1 UL31, which is associated with nuclear matrix and is essential for the formation of viral nuclear egress complex, could inhibit retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor pathway-mediated interferon beta (IFN-β)-luciferase (Luc) and (PRDIII-I)4-Luc (an expression plasmid of IFN-β positive regulatory elements III and I) promoter activation, as well as the mRNA transcription of IFN-β and downstream interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), such as ISG15, ISG54, ISG56, etc., to promote viral infection. UL31 was shown to restrain IFN-β activation at the interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)/IRF7 level. Mechanically, UL31 was demonstrated to interact with TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inducible IκB kinase (IKKi), and IRF3 to impede the formation of the IKKi-IRF3 complex but not the formation of the IRF7-related complex. UL31 could constrain the dimerization and nuclear translocation of IRF3. Although UL31 was associated with the CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 coactivators, it could not efficiently hamper the formation of the CBP/p300-IRF3 complex. In addition, UL31 could facilitate the degradation of IKKi and IRF3 by mediating their K48-linked polyubiquitination. Taken together, these results illustrated that UL31 was able to suppress IFN-β activity by inhibiting the activation of IKKi and IRF3, which may contribute to the knowledge of a new immune evasion mechanism during HSV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against the invasion of pathogens. Among its mechanisms, IFN-I is an essential cytokine in the antiviral response, which can help the host eliminate a virus. HSV-1 is a double-stranded DNA virus that can cause herpes and establish a lifelong latent infection, due to its possession of multiple mechanisms to escape host innate immunity. In this study, we illustrate for the first time that the HSV-1-encoded UL31 protein has a negative regulatory effect on IFN-β production by blocking the dimerization and nuclear translocation of IRF3, as well as promoting the K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of both IKKi and IRF3. This study may be helpful for fully understanding the pathogenesis of HSV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaowen Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Jinming Yu Academician Workstation of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shenyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lingxia Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuejun Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiyuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Mirzalieva O, Juncker M, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. ISG15 and ISGylation in Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030538. [PMID: 35159348 PMCID: PMC8834048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of >500 genes, which are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). One of the earliest ISGs induced by IFNs is ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15). Free ISG15 protein synthesized from the ISG15 gene is post-translationally conjugated to cellular proteins and is also secreted by cells into the extracellular milieu. ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin-like domains (UBL1 and UBL2), each of which bears a striking similarity to ubiquitin, accounting for its earlier name ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP). Like ubiquitin, ISG15 harbors a characteristic β-grasp fold in both UBL domains. UBL2 domain has a conserved C-terminal Gly-Gly motif through which cellular proteins are appended via an enzymatic cascade similar to ubiquitylation called ISGylation. ISG15 protein is minimally expressed under physiological conditions. However, its IFN-dependent expression is aberrantly elevated or compromised in various human diseases, including multiple types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), inflammatory diseases (Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD), bacteriopathy and viropathy), and in the lumbar spinal cords of veterans exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ISG15 and ISGylation have both inhibitory and/or stimulatory roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diseases. Thus, ISG15 is considered a “double-edged sword” for human diseases in which its expression is elevated. Because of the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, conferring anti-cancer drug sensitivity to tumor cells, and its elevated expression in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and veterans exposed to TBI, both ISG15 and ISGylation are now considered diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these ailments. In the current review, we shall cover the exciting journey of ISG15, spanning three decades from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shyamal Desai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-4388; Fax: +1-504-568-2093
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11
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Shen XL, Yuan JF, Qin XH, Song GP, Hu HB, Tu HQ, Song ZQ, Li PY, Xu YL, Li S, Jian XX, Li JN, He CY, Yu XP, Liang LY, Wu M, Han QY, Wang K, Li AL, Zhou T, Zhang YC, Wang N, Li HY. LUBAC regulates ciliogenesis by promoting CP110 removal from the mother centriole. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:212875. [PMID: 34813648 PMCID: PMC8614155 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia transduce diverse signals in embryonic development and adult tissues. Defective ciliogenesis results in a series of human disorders collectively known as ciliopathies. The CP110–CEP97 complex removal from the mother centriole is an early critical step for ciliogenesis, but the underlying mechanism for this step remains largely obscure. Here, we reveal that the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) plays an essential role in ciliogenesis by targeting the CP110–CEP97 complex. LUBAC specifically generates linear ubiquitin chains on CP110, which is required for CP110 removal from the mother centriole in ciliogenesis. We further identify that a pre-mRNA splicing factor, PRPF8, at the distal end of the mother centriole acts as the receptor of the linear ubiquitin chains to facilitate CP110 removal at the initial stage of ciliogenesis. Thus, our study reveals a direct mechanism of regulating CP110 removal in ciliogenesis and implicates the E3 ligase LUBAC as a potential therapy target of cilia-associated diseases, including ciliopathies and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Shen
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yuan
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan-He Qin
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ping Song
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Huai-Bin Hu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qing Tu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Song
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Yao Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Xu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Jian
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Ning Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yu He
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Ping Yu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Yun Liang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Han
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- Nanhu Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Biochemical and functional characterization of the N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain of human SHARPIN. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 192:106042. [PMID: 34965468 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SHARPIN, an accessory subunit of the E3 ligase complex LUBAC, participates in the formation of LUBAC through the ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain located in the central region of SHARPIN and interacts with the ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) of the catalytic subunit HOIP. However, the role of the N-terminal UBL domain of SHARPIN in stable LUBAC formation has not been clarified. In this study, the 1-127 domain, 128-309 domain, and UBL domain of SHARPIN expression vectors were constructed using the molecular biology method. Then the co-expression of SUMO fusion protein combined with SUMO protease (ULP enzyme) in Escherichia coli was successfully applied to improve the soluble expression of target protein. The results of circular dichroism proved that they all belong to the α+β class of proteins. The results of size exclusion chromatography showed that 128-309 domain could combine with HOIP and HOIL-1L to participate in the stability of LUBAC. Both thermal-induced and urea-induced unfolding experiment results demonstrated that the existence of the N-terminal UBL domain could make the overall structure more stable than the alone UBL domain. Biosensor experiments indicated that the existence of the N-terminal UBL domain strengthened the binding ability of the UBL domain and the UBA domain. These results were conducive to further study the structure and function of SHARPIN.
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13
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Dai X, Zhang T, Hua D. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation: protein homeostasis control over cancer. Epigenomics 2021; 14:43-58. [PMID: 34875856 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are two essential components of the ubiquitination proteasome system playing fundamental roles in protein homeostasis maintenance and signal transduction, perturbation of which is associated with tumorigenesis. By comparing the mechanisms of ubiquitination and SUMOylation, assessing their crosstalk, reviewing their differential associations with cancer and identifying unaddressed yet important questions that may lead the field trend, this review sheds light on the similarities and differences of ubiquitination and SUMOylation toward the improved harnessing of both post-translational modification machineries, as well as forecasts novel onco-therapeutic opportunities through cell homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China
| | - Tongxin Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China
| | - Dong Hua
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122,China.,Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214023, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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14
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Ma W, Lu Y, Zuo Y, Wang C, Liu J. Effects of removing a highly conserved disulfide bond in ubiquitin-associated domain of human HOIP on biochemical characteristics. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 190:106005. [PMID: 34695570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disulfide bond formed between the cysteine pairs plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the protein structure and function. The ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of human HOIP contains three cysteine residues, Cys504, Cys551, and Cys572. Disulfide bonds formed by Cys504 and Cys551 residues are highly conserved, but the effect of disulfide bonds on the biochemical characteristics of UBA has not been elucidated. In addition, due to the presence of isolated Cys572, inactive inclusion bodies may be formed during protein expression or trigger protein aggregation during protein purification. In this study, the co-expression of SUMO fusion protein combined with SUMO protease (ULP enzyme) in Escherichia coli was successfully applied to improve the soluble expression of UBA domain. Introduced three mutants (UBAC551A, UBAC572A and UBAC551,572A) determined the effects of disulfide bonds on the biochemical characteristics of UBA. Circular dichroism and analytical size exclusion chromatography results showed that the target proteins obtained by co-expression could be folded correctly and had biological activity. Both thermal-induced and urea-induced results demonstrated that the elimination of disulfide bonds would significantly reduce the stability of UBA. Fluorescence spectroscopy result showed that the elimination of disulfide bonds slightly increases the binding affinity of UBA to ligands. In summary, soluble, stable and active UBA domain and its mutants were prepared by co-expression system, which will further contribute to the structural and functional research of UBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yongmei Zuo
- Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Health Inspection, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiafu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Harbin Medical University-Daqing, No 39, Xin Yang Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang, 163319, China.
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15
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Masumoto J, Zhou W, Morikawa S, Hosokawa S, Taguchi H, Yamamoto T, Kurata M, Kaneko N. Molecular biology of autoinflammatory diseases. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:33. [PMID: 34635190 PMCID: PMC8507398 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The long battle between humans and various physical, chemical, and biological insults that cause cell injury (e.g., products of tissue damage, metabolites, and/or infections) have led to the evolution of various adaptive responses. These responses are triggered by recognition of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and/or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), usually by cells of the innate immune system. DAMPs and PAMPs are recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by innate immune cells; this recognition triggers inflammation. Autoinflammatory diseases are strongly associated with dysregulation of PRR interactomes, which include inflammasomes, NF-κB-activating signalosomes, type I interferon-inducing signalosomes, and immuno-proteasome; disruptions of regulation of these interactomes leads to inflammasomopathies, relopathies, interferonopathies, and proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes, respectively. In this review, we discuss the currently accepted molecular mechanisms underlying several autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Masumoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Sho Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Haruka Taguchi
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Mie Kurata
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoe Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine and Proteo-Science Center, Shitsukawa 454, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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16
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Fuseya Y, Iwai K. Biochemistry, Pathophysiology, and Regulation of Linear Ubiquitination: Intricate Regulation by Coordinated Functions of the Associated Ligase and Deubiquitinase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102706. [PMID: 34685685 PMCID: PMC8534859 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin system modulates protein functions by decorating target proteins with ubiquitin chains in most cases. Several types of ubiquitin chains exist, and chain type determines the mode of regulation of conjugated proteins. LUBAC is a ubiquitin ligase complex that specifically generates N-terminally Met1-linked linear ubiquitin chains. Although linear ubiquitin chains are much less abundant than other types of ubiquitin chains, they play pivotal roles in cell survival, proliferation, the immune response, and elimination of bacteria by selective autophagy. Because linear ubiquitin chains regulate inflammatory responses by controlling the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB and programmed cell death (including apoptosis and necroptosis), abnormal generation of linear chains can result in pathogenesis. LUBAC consists of HOIP, HOIL-1L, and SHARPIN; HOIP is the catalytic center for linear ubiquitination. LUBAC is unique in that it contains two different ubiquitin ligases, HOIP and HOIL-1L, in the same ligase complex. Furthermore, LUBAC constitutively interacts with the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) OTULIN and CYLD, which cleave linear ubiquitin chains generated by LUBAC. In this review, we summarize the current status of linear ubiquitination research, and we discuss the intricate regulation of LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitination by coordinate function of the HOIP and HOIL-1L ligases and OTULIN. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutic approaches to targeting LUBAC-mediated linear ubiquitin chains.
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17
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NLRP3 Ubiquitination-A New Approach to Target NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168780. [PMID: 34445484 PMCID: PMC8395773 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to diverse pathogenic and danger signals, the cytosolic activation of the NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing (3)) inflammasome complex is a critical event in the maturation and release of some inflammatory cytokines in the state of an inflammatory response. After activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a series of cellular events occurs, including caspase 1-mediated proteolytic cleavage and maturation of the IL-1β and IL-18, followed by pyroptotic cell death. Therefore, the NLRP3 inflammasome has become a prime target for the resolution of many inflammatory disorders. Since NLRP3 inflammasome activation can be triggered by a wide range of stimuli and the activation process occurs in a complex, it is difficult to target the NLRP3 inflammasome. During the activation process, various post-translational modifications (PTM) of the NLRP3 protein are required to form a complex with other components. The regulation of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss the ubiquitination and deubiquitination system for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the inhibitors that can be used as potential therapeutic agents to modulate the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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18
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Zhou L, Ge Y, Fu Y, Wu B, Zhang Y, Li L, Cui CP, Wang S, Zhang L. Global Screening of LUBAC and OTULIN Interacting Proteins by Human Proteome Microarray. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:686395. [PMID: 34262903 PMCID: PMC8274477 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.686395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Linear ubiquitination is a reversible posttranslational modification, which plays key roles in multiple biological processes. Linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) catalyzes linear ubiquitination, while the deubiquitinase OTULIN (OTU deubiquitinase with linear linkage specificity, FAM105B) exclusively cleaves the linear ubiquitin chains. However, our understanding of linear ubiquitination is restricted to a few substrates and pathways. Here we used a human proteome microarray to detect the interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN by systematically screening up to 20,000 proteins. We identified many potential interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN, which may function as regulators or substrates of linear ubiquitination. Interestingly, our results also hint that linear ubiquitination may have broad functions in diverse pathways. In addition, we recognized lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3, CD223), a transmembrane receptor that negatively regulates lymphocyte functions as a novel substrate of linear ubiquitination in the adaptive immunity pathway. In conclusion, our results provide searchable, accessible data for the interacting proteins of LUBAC and OTULIN, which broaden our understanding of linear ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Zhou
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yingwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yesheng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Ping Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Physiopathology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
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19
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Rodriguez Carvajal A, Grishkovskaya I, Gomez Diaz C, Vogel A, Sonn-Segev A, Kushwah MS, Schodl K, Deszcz L, Orban-Nemeth Z, Sakamoto S, Mechtler K, Kukura P, Clausen T, Haselbach D, Ikeda F. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) generates heterotypic ubiquitin chains. eLife 2021; 10:e60660. [PMID: 34142657 PMCID: PMC8245127 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is the only known ubiquitin ligase for linear/Met1-linked ubiquitin chain formation. One of the LUBAC components, heme-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1 (HOIL-1L), was recently shown to catalyse oxyester bond formation between ubiquitin and some substrates. However, oxyester bond formation in the context of LUBAC has not been directly observed. Here, we present the first 3D reconstruction of human LUBAC obtained by electron microscopy and report its generation of heterotypic ubiquitin chains containing linear linkages with oxyester-linked branches. We found that this event depends on HOIL-1L catalytic activity. By cross-linking mass spectrometry showing proximity between the catalytic RING-in-between-RING (RBR) domains, a coordinated ubiquitin relay mechanism between the HOIL-1-interacting protein (HOIP) and HOIL-1L ligases is suggested. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, these heterotypic chains were induced by TNF, which is reduced in cells expressing an HOIL-1L catalytic inactive mutant. In conclusion, we demonstrate that LUBAC assembles heterotypic ubiquitin chains by the concerted action of HOIP and HOIL-1L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rodriguez Carvajal
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Irina Grishkovskaya
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Carlos Gomez Diaz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Antonia Vogel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Adar Sonn-Segev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Manish S Kushwah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Katrin Schodl
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Luiza Deszcz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | | | | | - Karl Mechtler
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research LaboratoryOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Tim Clausen
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - David Haselbach
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation (MIB), Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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20
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Ma X, Zhang C, Kim DY, Huang Y, Chatt E, He P, Vierstra RD, Shan L. Ubiquitylome analysis reveals a central role for the ubiquitin-proteasome system in plant innate immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:1943-1965. [PMID: 33793954 PMCID: PMC8133637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation profoundly expands proteome functionality and diversifies cellular signaling processes, with recent studies providing ample evidence for its importance to plant immunity. To gain a proteome-wide appreciation of ubiquitylome dynamics during immune recognition, we employed a two-step affinity enrichment protocol based on a 6His-tagged ubiquitin (Ub) variant coupled with high sensitivity mass spectrometry to identify Arabidopsis proteins rapidly ubiquitylated upon plant perception of the microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) peptide flg22. The catalog from 2-week-old seedlings treated for 30 min with flg22 contained 690 conjugates, 64 Ub footprints, and all seven types of Ub linkages, and included previously uncharacterized conjugates of immune components. In vivo ubiquitylation assays confirmed modification of several candidates upon immune elicitation, and revealed distinct modification patterns and dynamics for key immune components, including poly- and monoubiquitylation, as well as induced or reduced levels of ubiquitylation. Gene ontology and network analyses of the collection also uncovered rapid modification of the Ub-proteasome system itself, suggesting a critical auto-regulatory loop necessary for an effective MAMP-triggered immune response and subsequent disease resistance. Included targets were UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME 13 (UBC13) and proteasome component REGULATORY PARTICLE NON-ATPASE SUBUNIT 8b (RPN8b), whose subsequent biochemical and genetic analyses implied negative roles in immune elicitation. Collectively, our proteomic analyses further strengthened the connection between ubiquitylation and flg22-based immune signaling, identified components and pathways regulating plant immunity, and increased the database of ubiquitylated substrates in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyu Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Do Young Kim
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Advanced Bio Convergence Center, Pohang Technopark, Gyeong-Buk 37668, South Korea
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Elizabeth Chatt
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 425-G Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
- Author for communication:
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21
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Porras-Yakushi TR, Reitsma JM, Sweredoski MJ, Deshaies RJ, Hess S. In-depth proteomic analysis of proteasome inhibitors bortezomib, carfilzomib and MG132 reveals that mortality factor 4-like 1 (MORF4L1) protein ubiquitylation is negatively impacted. J Proteomics 2021; 241:104197. [PMID: 33848640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are an important class of chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we performed a large-scale ubiquitylome analysis of the three proteasome inhibitors MG132, bortezomib and carfilzomib. Although carfilzomib is currently being used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, it has not yet been subjected to a global ubiquitylome analysis. In this study, we identified more than 14,000 unique sites of ubiquitylation in more than 4400 protein groups. We introduced stringent criteria to determine the correct ubiquitylation site ratios and used five biological replicates to achieve increased statistical power. With the vast amount of data acquired, we made proteome-wide comparisons between the proteasome inhibitors and indicate candidate proteins that will benefit from further study. We find that in addition to the expected increase in ubiquitylation in the majority of proteins, unexpectedly a select few are specifically and significantly decreased in ubiquitylation at specific sites after treatment with proteasome inhibitors. We chose to follow-up on Mortality factor 4-like 1 (MORF4L1), which was significantly decreased in ubiquitylation at lysine 187 and lysine 104 upon proteasome inhibition, but increased in protein abundance by approximately two-fold. We demonstrate that the endogenous protein level of MORF4L1 is highly regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a highly curated dataset of more than 14,000 unique sites of ubiquitylation in more than 4400 protein groups. For the proper quantification of ubiquitylation sites, we introduced a higher standard by quantifying only those ubiquitylation sites that are not flanked by neighboring ubiquitylation, thereby avoiding the report of incorrect ratios. The sites identified will serve to identify important targets of the ubiquitin proteasome system and aid to better understand the repertoire of proteins that are affected by inhibiting the proteasome with MG132, bortezomib, and carfilzomib. In addition, we investigated the unusual observation that ubiquitylation of the tumor suppressor Mortality factor 4-like (MORF4L1) protein decreases rather than increases upon proteasome inhibition, which may contribute to an additional anti-tumor effect of bortezomib and carfilzomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R Porras-Yakushi
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Justin M Reitsma
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Raymond J Deshaies
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, USA
| | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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22
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Yu HC, Huang KY, Lu MC, Huang Tseng HY, Liu SQ, Lai NS, Huang HB. Down-Regulation of LOC645166 in T Cells of Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients Promotes the NF-κB Signaling via Decreasingly Blocking Recruitment of the IKK Complex to K63-Linked Polyubiquitin Chains. Front Immunol 2021; 12:591706. [PMID: 33717069 PMCID: PMC7946993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.591706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the spine. AS is highly associated with the expression of HLA-B27. Up to 95% AS patients are HLA-B27-positive. However, only 1%-2% of the HLA-B27-positive carriers suffer from AS, implying that other factors may also govern the development of AS. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can regulate the immune response via their binding proteins. In the present study, we have identified that the levels of lncRNA, LOC645166, in T cells of AS patients were reduced. Overexpression of LOC645166 in Jurkat cells down-regulated the IL-23p19 expression and suppressed the JAK2/STAT3 signaling in response to stimulation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Suppression of STAT3 activation by LOC645166 was also observed when Jurkat cells or T cells of AS patient were treated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. In order to explore the role of LOC645166 in the pathogenesis of AS, RNA pull-down assay plus proteomic approach and western blotting were performed and identified that LOC645166 prefers binding the K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. LOC645166 can suppress recruitment of the IKK complex to K63-linked polyubiquitin chains and diminish IKK2 activation, leading to down-regulation of NF-κB activation. Down-regulation of LOC645166 expression in T cells of AS patients up-regulates NF-kB activation via decreasingly impeding recruitment of the IKK complex to K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, allowing AS patients to exhibit more sensitivity to stimulation by the proinflammatory cytokines or by TLR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Yu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chi Lu
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yu Huang Tseng
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Su-Qin Liu
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ning-Sheng Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Bin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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23
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Laforêt P, Oldfors A, Malfatti E, Vissing J. 251st ENMC international workshop: Polyglucosan storage myopathies 13-15 December 2019, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:466-477. [PMID: 33602551 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laforêt
- Neurology Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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The Role of Ubiquitination in NF-κB Signaling during Virus Infection. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020145. [PMID: 33498196 PMCID: PMC7908985 DOI: 10.3390/v13020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) family are the master transcription factors that control cell proliferation, apoptosis, the expression of interferons and proinflammatory factors, and viral infection. During viral infection, host innate immune system senses viral products, such as viral nucleic acids, to activate innate defense pathways, including the NF-κB signaling axis, thereby inhibiting viral infection. In these NF-κB signaling pathways, diverse types of ubiquitination have been shown to participate in different steps of the signal cascades. Recent advances find that viruses also modulate the ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling pathways to activate viral gene expression or inhibit host NF-κB activation and inflammation, thereby facilitating viral infection. Understanding the role of ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling during viral infection will advance our knowledge of regulatory mechanisms of NF-κB signaling and pave the avenue for potential antiviral therapeutics. Thus, here we systematically review the ubiquitination in NF-κB signaling, delineate how viruses modulate the NF-κB signaling via ubiquitination and discuss the potential future directions.
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25
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Chen L, Wang N, Hu W, Yu X, Yang R, Han Y, Yan Y, Nian N, Sha C. Polyglucosan body myopathy 1 may cause cognitive impairment: a case report from China. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:35. [PMID: 33413275 PMCID: PMC7789478 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polyglucosan body myopathy 1 (PGBM1) is a type of glycogen storage disease that can cause skeletal muscle myopathy and cardiomyopathy with or without immunodeficiency due to a pathogenic mutation in the RBCK1 gene. PGBM1 has been reported in only 14 European and American families, and no cognitive impairment phenotype was reported. Its prevalence in Asia is unknown. Case presentation: We report a Chinese boy with teenage onset of skeletal muscle myopathy and mild cognitive impairment. Whole-exome sequencing analysis identified a homozygous missense mutation in RBCK1 (c.1411G > A:p.Glu471Lys). A muscle biopsy indicated the accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff-positive material, which could be ubiquitinated by immunohistochemistry with an anti-ubiquitin antibody. In skeletal muscle tissue, HOIL-1 and HOIP protein levels were lower than those in the control, confirming the phenotype of an RBCK1 mutation. MRI revealed abnormal cerebral white matter signals. Immune system and cardiac examination found no abnormalities. The patient was diagnosed with PGBM1 with no effective treatment. Conclusions This case from China with a novel homozygous missense mutation in RBCK1 extends the phenotypic spectrum and geographical distribution of PGBM 1, which may cause cerebral white matter changes and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Wenbin Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China.
| | - Xuen Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Renming Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Na Nian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Congbo Sha
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of the Neurology Institute of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 357 Changjiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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26
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Zhu L, Cheng H, Peng G, Wang S, Zhang Z, Ni E, Fu X, Zhuang C, Liu Z, Zhou H. Ubiquitinome Profiling Reveals the Landscape of Ubiquitination Regulation in Rice Young Panicles. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:305-320. [PMID: 33147495 PMCID: PMC7801245 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, an essential post-transcriptional modification (PTM), plays a vital role in nearly every biological process, including development and growth. Despite its functions in plant reproductive development, its targets in rice panicles remain unclear. In this study, we used proteome-wide profiling of lysine ubiquitination in rice (O. sativa ssp. indica) young panicles. We created the largest ubiquitinome dataset in rice to date, identifying 1638 lysine ubiquitination sites on 916 unique proteins. We detected three conserved ubiquitination motifs, noting that acidic glutamic acid (E) and aspartic acid (D) were most frequently present around ubiquitinated lysine. Enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these ubiquitinated proteins revealed that ubiquitination plays an important role in fundamental cellular processes in rice young panicles. Interestingly, enrichment analysis of protein domains indicated that ubiquitination was enriched on a variety of receptor-like kinases and cytoplasmic tyrosine and serine-threonine kinases. Furthermore, we analyzed the crosstalk between ubiquitination, acetylation, and succinylation, and constructed a potential protein interaction network within our rice ubiquitinome. Moreover, we identified ubiquitinated proteins related to pollen and grain development, indicating that ubiquitination may play a critical role in the physiological functions in young panicles. Taken together, we reported the most comprehensive lysine ubiquitinome in rice so far, and used it to reveal the functional role of lysine ubiquitination in rice young panicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guoqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuansuo Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Erdong Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Instrumental Analysis and Research Center, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Institutions College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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27
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Maekawa M, Higashiyama S. The Roles of SPOP in DNA Damage Response and DNA Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197293. [PMID: 33023230 PMCID: PMC7582541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Speckle-type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP) is a substrate recognition receptor of the cullin-3 (CUL3)/RING type ubiquitin E3 complex. To date, approximately 30 proteins have been identified as ubiquitinated substrates of the CUL3/SPOP complex. Pathologically, missense mutations in the substrate-binding domain of SPOP have been found in prostate and endometrial cancers. Prostate and endometrial cancer-associated SPOP mutations lose and increase substrate-binding ability, respectively. Expression of these SPOP mutants, thus, causes aberrant turnovers of the substrate proteins, leading to tumor formation. Although the molecular properties of SPOP and its cancer-associated mutants have been intensively elucidated, their cellular functions remain unclear. Recently, a number of studies have uncovered the critical role of SPOP and its mutants in DNA damage response and DNA replication. In this review article, we summarize the physiological functions of SPOP as a “gatekeeper” of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-960-5254
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Toon 791-0295, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon 791-0295, Japan
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28
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Jussupow A, Messias AC, Stehle R, Geerlof A, Solbak SMØ, Paissoni C, Bach A, Sattler M, Camilloni C. The dynamics of linear polyubiquitin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/42/eabc3786. [PMID: 33055165 PMCID: PMC7556843 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyubiquitin chains are flexible multidomain proteins, whose conformational dynamics enable them to regulate multiple biological pathways. Their dynamic is determined by the linkage between ubiquitins and by the number of ubiquitin units. Characterizing polyubiquitin behavior as a function of their length is hampered because of increasing system size and conformational variability. Here, we introduce a new approach to efficiently integrating small-angle x-ray scattering with simulations allowing us to accurately characterize the dynamics of linear di-, tri-, and tetraubiquitin in the free state as well as of diubiquitin in complex with NEMO, a central regulator in the NF-κB pathway. Our results show that the behavior of the diubiquitin subunits is independent of the presence of additional ubiquitin modules and that the dynamics of polyubiquitins with different lengths follow a simple model. Together with experimental data from multiple biophysical techniques, we then rationalize the 2:1 NEMO:polyubiquitin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jussupow
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Ana C Messias
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Ralf Stehle
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Sara M Ø Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Paissoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Anders Bach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Carlo Camilloni
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85747, Germany.
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
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29
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Kudriaeva AA, Lipkin VM, Belogurov AA. Topological Features of Histone H2A Monoubiquitination. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 493:193-197. [PMID: 32894463 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672920040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular response to DNA damage protects the essential information stored in the genome. This mechanism is crucial in terms of the cancer prevention and aging progression. The DNA damage response (DDR) consists of a complex network controlling the cell cycle and multiple mechanisms of the DNA repair. The DDR disruption is a cornerstone feature of the tumor cells, which allows them to enhance beneficial mutations that prevent successful disease treatment. The important checkpoints of the DDR are currently poorly understood due to the complexity and diversity of the DNA repair machinery. Histone ubiquitination is intensively involved in the repair of the double-stranded DNA breaks. This post-translational modification is known to be a key factor in the recruitment of the repair factors to the DNA damage sites. Here, the crucial role of the ubiquitin lysine residue K27 in the process of histone H2A monoubiquitination mediated by the ubiquitin ligase RNF168 has been showed. The presented data suggest forced and intensive diffusion of ubiquitin from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which is characterized by the dynamic equilibrium less than 10 min. The comparison of the turnover rate of the wild-type ubiquitin and its variant with a single functional lysine residue K27 suggests an important role of the ubiquitin deposition as a covalent conjugate with histone H2A in terms of the stability of the entire ubiquitinome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V M Lipkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Emerging connectivity of programmed cell death pathways and its physiological implications. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:678-695. [PMID: 32873928 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The removal of functionally dispensable, infected or potentially neoplastic cells is driven by programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, highlighting their important roles in homeostasis, host defence against pathogens, cancer and a range of other pathologies. Several types of PCD pathways have been described, including apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis; they employ distinct molecular and cellular processes and differ in their outcomes, such as the capacity to trigger inflammatory responses. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have revealed remarkable flexibility in the use of these PCD pathways and indicate a considerable degree of plasticity in their molecular regulation; for example, despite having a primary role in inducing pyroptosis, inflammatory caspases can also induce apoptosis, and conversely, apoptotic stimuli can trigger pyroptosis. Intriguingly, this flexibility is most pronounced in cellular responses to infection, while apoptosis is the dominant cell death process through which organisms prevent the development of cancer. In this Review, we summarize the mechanisms of the different types of PCD and describe the physiological and pathological processes that engage crosstalk between these pathways, focusing on infections and cancer. We discuss the intriguing notion that the different types of PCD could be seen as a single, coordinated cell death system, in which the individual pathways are highly interconnected and can flexibly compensate for one another.
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31
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Phadke R, Hedberg-Oldfors C, Scalco RS, Lowe DM, Ashworth M, Novelli M, Vara R, Merwick A, Amer H, Sofat R, Sugarman M, Jovanovic A, Roberts M, Nakou V, King A, Bodi I, Jungbluth H, Oldfors A, Murphy E. RBCK1-related disease: A rare multisystem disorder with polyglucosan storage, auto-inflammation, recurrent infections, skeletal, and cardiac myopathy-Four additional patients and a review of the current literature. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1002-1013. [PMID: 32187699 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we report four new patients, from three kindreds, with pathogenic variants in RBCK1 and a multisystem disorder characterised by widespread polyglucosan storage. We describe the clinical presentation of progressive skeletal and cardiac myopathy, combined immunodeficiencies and auto-inflammation, illustrate in detail the histopathological findings in multiple tissue types, and report muscle MRI findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Phadke
- Dubowitz Neuromuscular Centre, UCL Institute of Child Health, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
- Division of Neuropathology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Carola Hedberg-Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renata S Scalco
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London, Queen Square, London, UK
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia DF, Brazil
| | - David M Lowe
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK and Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK
| | - Michael Ashworth
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marco Novelli
- Department of Histopathology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Roshni Vara
- Department of Paediatric Inherited Metabolic Disease, Evelina London Children's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Aine Merwick
- Department of Neurology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Halima Amer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Reecha Sofat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Max Sugarman
- Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Ana Jovanovic
- Mark Holland Metabolic Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Mark Roberts
- Great Manchester Neurosciences Unit, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Vasiliki Nakou
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew King
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Istvan Bodi
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Randall Division for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signaling Section, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elaine Murphy
- Charles Dent Metabolic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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32
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Maculins T, Garcia-Pardo J, Skenderovic A, Gebel J, Putyrski M, Vorobyov A, Busse P, Varga G, Kuzikov M, Zaliani A, Rahighi S, Schaeffer V, Parnham MJ, Sidhu SS, Ernst A, Dötsch V, Akutsu M, Dikic I. Discovery of Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors by Integrating Protein Engineering and Chemical Screening Platforms. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1441-1451.e7. [PMID: 32726587 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) govern intracellular life, and identification of PPI inhibitors is challenging. Roadblocks in assay development stemming from weak binding affinities of natural PPIs impede progress in this field. We postulated that enhancing binding affinity of natural PPIs via protein engineering will aid assay development and hit discovery. This proof-of-principle study targets PPI between linear ubiquitin chains and NEMO UBAN domain, which activates NF-κB signaling. Using phage display, we generated ubiquitin variants that bind to the functional UBAN epitope with high affinity, act as competitive inhibitors, and structurally maintain the existing PPI interface. When utilized in assay development, variants enable generation of robust cell-based assays for chemical screening. Top compounds identified using this approach directly bind to UBAN and dampen NF-κB signaling. This study illustrates advantages of integrating protein engineering and chemical screening in hit identification, a development that we anticipate will have wide application in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timurs Maculins
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Javier Garcia-Pardo
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Jakob Gebel
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mateusz Putyrski
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrew Vorobyov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philipp Busse
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gabor Varga
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaliani
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simin Rahighi
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy (CUSP), Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | | - Michael J Parnham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry & Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Masato Akutsu
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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33
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Zeng C, Xiong D, Zhang K, Yao J. Shank-associated RH domain interactor signaling in tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2579-2586. [PMID: 32782575 PMCID: PMC7400965 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Shank-associated RH domain interactor (SHARPIN) is a component of the linear ubiquitin chain activation complex, which is essential for p53 signaling and inflammation. Previous studies have demonstrated that SHARPIN functions in tumor cell survival, growth, invasion and tumorigenesis. These functions include the regulation of p53 proteins via poly-ubiquitination, interaction with a type II protein arginine methyltransferase 5 in melanoma cells, modulating ras-associated protein-1 through p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinases/c-Jun signaling, and mediating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT signaling via phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10. Hence, SHARPIN not only participates in the inflammatory response but also serves a critical role in tumor cells. The present review summarizes the biological functions of the absence or presence of SHARPIN with regard to activating the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway and the effects on p53 and other signaling pathways for the modulation of tumorigenesis. Therefore, this review provides insight into the underlying role and mechanisms of SHARPIN in tumorigenesis, as well as its potential application in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zeng
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Ketao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yao
- Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
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34
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Maekawa M, Higashiyama S. KCTD10 Biology: An Adaptor for the Ubiquitin E3 Complex Meets Multiple Substrates: Emerging Divergent Roles of the cullin-3/KCTD10 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Complex in Various Cell Lines. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900256. [PMID: 32484264 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination constitutes a post-translational modification mediated by ubiquitin ligases whereby ubiquitinated substrates are degraded through the proteasomal or lysosomal pathways, or acquire novel molecular functions according to their "ubiquitin codes." Dysfunction of the ubiquitination process in cells causes various diseases such as cancers along with neurodegenerative, auto-immune/inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. KCTD10 functions as a substrate recognition receptor for cullin-3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein in RING-type ubiquitin ligase complexes. Recently, studies by ourselves and others have identified new substrates that are ubiquitinated by the CUL3/KCTD10 ubiquitin ligase complex. Moreover, the type of polyubiquitination (e.g., K27-, K48-, or K63-chain) of various substrates (e.g., RhoB, CEP97, EIF3D, and TRIF) mediated by KCTD10 underlies its divergent roles in endothelial barrier formation, primary cilium formation, plasma membrane dynamics, cell proliferation, and immune response. Here, the physiological functions of KCTD10 are summarized and potential mechanisms are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Maekawa
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shigeki Higashiyama
- Division of Cell Growth and Tumor Regulation, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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35
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Priem D, van Loo G, Bertrand MJM. A20 and Cell Death-driven Inflammation. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:421-435. [PMID: 32241683 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory molecule, and mutations in TNFAIP3, the gene encoding A20, are associated with a wide panel of inflammatory pathologies, both in human and mouse. The anti-inflammatory properties of A20 are commonly attributed to its ability to suppress inflammatory NF-κB signaling by functioning as a ubiquitin-editing enzyme. However, A20 also protects cells from death, independently of NF-κB regulation, and recent work has demonstrated that cell death may drive some of the inflammatory conditions caused by A20 deficiency. Adding to the fact that the protective role of A20 does not primarily rely on its catalytic activities, these findings shed new light on A20 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Priem
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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36
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Liu W, Tang X, Qi X, Fu X, Ghimire S, Ma R, Li S, Zhang N, Si H. The Ubiquitin Conjugating Enzyme: An Important Ubiquitin Transfer Platform in Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2894. [PMID: 32326224 PMCID: PMC7215765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a sessile lifestyle in nature, plants are routinely faced with diverse hostile environments such as various abiotic and biotic stresses, which lead to accumulation of free radicals in cells, cell damage, protein denaturation, etc., causing adverse effects to cells. During the evolution process, plants formed defense systems composed of numerous complex gene regulatory networks and signal transduction pathways to regulate and maintain the cell homeostasis. Among them, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) is the most versatile cellular signal system as well as a powerful mechanism for regulating many aspects of the cell physiology because it removes most of the abnormal and short-lived peptides and proteins. In this system, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) plays a critical role in transporting ubiquitin from the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) to the ubiquitin-ligase enzyme (E3) and substrate. Nevertheless, the comprehensive study regarding the role of E2 enzymes in plants remains unexplored. In this review, the ubiquitination process and the regulatory role that E2 enzymes play in plants are primarily discussed, with the focus particularly put on E2's regulation of biological functions of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
| | - Xun Tang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xuehong Qi
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Xue Fu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Shantwana Ghimire
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Shigui Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Huaijun Si
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (W.L.); (S.G.); (R.M.); (S.L.)
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.T.); (X.Q.); (X.F.)
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
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37
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The proteasome 19S cap and its ubiquitin receptors provide a versatile recognition platform for substrates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:477. [PMID: 31980598 PMCID: PMC6981147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13906-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins are targeted to the proteasome by the attachment of ubiquitin chains, which are markedly varied in structure. Three proteasome subunits–Rpn10, Rpn13, and Rpn1–can recognize ubiquitin chains. Here we report that proteins with single chains of K48-linked ubiquitin are targeted for degradation almost exclusively through binding to Rpn10. Rpn1 can act as a co-receptor with Rpn10 for K63 chains and for certain other chain types. Differences in targeting do not correlate with chain affinity to receptors. Surprisingly, in steady-state assays Rpn13 retarded degradation of various single-chain substrates. Substrates with multiple short ubiquitin chains can be presented for degradation by any of the known receptors, whereas those targeted to the proteasome through a ubiquitin-like domain are degraded most efficiently when bound by Rpn13 or Rpn1. Thus, the proteasome provides an unexpectedly versatile binding platform that can recognize substrates targeted for degradation by ubiquitin chains differing greatly in length and topology. Ubiquitylated proteins are degraded by the proteasome and the three proteasome subunits Rpn10, Rpn13 and Rpn1 recognize ubiquitin chains. Here the authors employ biochemical and kinetic assays and characterise the ubiquitin chain type specificities of these three ubiquitin receptors.
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38
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Martens A, van Loo G. A20 at the Crossroads of Cell Death, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a036418. [PMID: 31427375 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A20 is a potent anti-inflammatory protein, acting by inhibiting nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and inflammatory gene expression and/or by preventing cell death. Mutations in the A20/TNFAIP3 gene have been associated with a plethora of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies in humans and in mice. Although the anti-inflammatory role of A20 is well accepted, fundamental mechanistic questions regarding its mode of action remain unclear. Here, we review new findings that further clarify the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which A20 controls inflammatory signaling and cell death, and discuss new evidence for its involvement in inflammatory and autoimmune disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Martens
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Banach-Orłowska M, Wyszyńska R, Pyrzyńska B, Maksymowicz M, Gołąb J, Miączyńska M. Cholesterol restricts lymphotoxin β receptor-triggered NF-κB signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:171. [PMID: 31878945 PMCID: PMC6933913 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) plays important roles in the development of the immune system and immune response. At the cellular level, ligand-bound LTβR activates the pro-inflammatory NF-κB pathway but the detailed mechanisms regulating its signaling remain unknown. Understanding them is of high importance since LTβR and its ligands are promising therapeutic targets. Here, we studied the consequences of perturbed cellular cholesterol content on LTβR-induced NF-κB signaling. METHODS To modulate cholesterol availability and/or level in lung carcinoma A549 and H2228, and endothelial HUVEC cells different treatment regimens with filipin, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and simvastatin were applied. LTβR localization was studied by confocal microscopy. The activity of LTβR-induced NF-κB pathway was assessed by measuring the levels of NF-κB pathway inhibitor IκBα and phosphorylation of RelA transcription factor by Western blotting. The NF-κB transcriptional response, production of chemokines and adhesion molecules were examined by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting, respectively. Adherence of different types of primary immune cells to epithelial A549 cells and endothelial HUVECs was measured fluorometrically. Interactions of LTβR with its protein partners were investigated by immunoprecipitation. RESULTS We showed that filipin-mediated sequestration of cholesterol or its depletion from the plasma membrane with methyl-β-cyclodextrin impaired LTβR internalization and potentiated LTβR-dependent activation of the canonical branch of the NF-κB pathway. The latter was manifested by enhanced degradation of IκBα inhibitor, elevated RelA phosphorylation, substantial increase in the expression of NF-κB target genes encoding, among others, cytokines and adhesion molecules known to play important roles in immune response. It was followed by robust secretion of CXCL8 and upregulation of ICAM1, that favored the adhesion of immune cells (NK and T cells, neutrophils) to A549 cells and HUVECs. Mechanistically, we showed that cholesterol depletion stabilized interactions of ligand-stimulated LTβR with modified forms of TRAF2 and NEMO proteins. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that the reduction of the plasma membrane content of cholesterol or its sequestration strongly potentiated signaling outcome initiated by LTβR. Thus, drugs modulating cholesterol levels could potentially improve efficacy of LTβR-based therapies. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Banach-Orłowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Renata Wyszyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzyńska
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maksymowicz
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Miączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109, Warsaw, Poland
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40
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Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of immune tolerance: roles of the NF-κB family members. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:315-323. [PMID: 30872809 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune tolerance is a highly regulated state and involves diverse mechanisms. Central to the induction of tolerance is the targeted modulation of T-cell activities (both effector and regulatory), in which transcription factors play a significant role. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) family is a family of transcription factors that not only are critically involved in diverse T-cell responses but also are regulated by many mechanisms to maintain tolerance and T-cell homeostasis. NF-κB, as a transcription factor, has been extensively studied in recent decades, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate NF-κB activities have been well documented. However, recent studies have revealed exciting new roles for NF-κB; in addition to its transcriptional activity, NF-κB can also activate diverse epigenetic mechanisms that mediate extensive chromatin remodeling of target genes to regulate T-cell activities. In this review article, we highlight recent discoveries and emerging opportunities in targeting NF-κB family members as well as their associated chromatin modifiers in the induction of immune tolerance and in the clinical treatment of immune diseases.
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41
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Wu M, Chang Y, Hu H, Mu R, Zhang Y, Qin X, Duan X, Li W, Tu H, Zhang W, Wang G, Han Q, Li A, Zhou T, Iwai K, Zhang X, Li H. LUBAC controls chromosome alignment by targeting CENP-E to attached kinetochores. Nat Commun 2019; 10:273. [PMID: 30655516 PMCID: PMC6336796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation requires proper chromosome congression at prometaphase and dynamic maintenance of the aligned chromosomes at metaphase. Chromosome missegregation can result in aneuploidy, birth defects and cancer. The kinetochore-bound KMN network and the kinesin motor CENP-E are critical for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and chromosome stability. The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) attaches linear ubiquitin chains to substrates, with well-established roles in immune response. Here, we identify LUBAC as a key player of chromosome alignment during mitosis. LUBAC catalyzes linear ubiquitination of the kinetochore motor CENP-E, which is specifically required for the localization of CENP-E at attached kinetochores, but not unattached ones. KNL1 acts as a receptor of linear ubiquitin chains to anchor CENP-E at attached kinetochores in prometaphase and metaphase. Thus, linear ubiquitination promotes chromosome congression and dynamic chromosome alignment by coupling the dynamic kinetochore microtubule receptor CENP-E to the static one, the KMN network. During cell division, faithful chromosome segregation requires proper chromosome congression and dynamic maintenance of the aligned chromosomes. Here, the authors find that LUBAC promotes dynamic chromosome congression and alignment by targeting kinetochore motor CENP-E to the KMN network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Huaibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Mu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanhe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Ailing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China.
| | - Huiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, 100850, Beijing, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Ke T, Gonçalves FM, Gonçalves CL, Dos Santos AA, Rocha JBT, Farina M, Skalny A, Tsatsakis A, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Post-translational modifications in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:2068-2081. [PMID: 30385410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) exposure remains a major public health concern due to its widespread distribution in the environment. Organic mercurials, such as MeHg, have been extensively investigated especially because of their congenital effects. In this context, studies on the molecular mechanism of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity are pivotal to the understanding of its toxic effects and the development of preventive measures. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation are essential for the proper function of proteins and play important roles in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The rapid and transient nature of many PTMs allows efficient signal transduction in response to stress. This review summarizes the current knowledge of PTMs in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity, including the most commonly PTMs, as well as PTMs induced by oxidative stress and PTMs of antioxidant proteins. Though PTMs represent an important molecular mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are involved in the neurotoxic effects of MeHg, we are far from understanding the complete picture on their role, and further research is warranted to increase our knowledge of PTMs in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Cinara Ludvig Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | | | - João B T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow 105064, Russia; Orenburg State University, Pobedy Ave., 13, Orenburg 460352, Russia
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Center of Toxicology Science & Research, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
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43
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Tang Y, Joo D, Liu G, Tu H, You J, Jin J, Zhao X, Hung MC, Lin X. Linear ubiquitination of cFLIP induced by LUBAC contributes to TNFα-induced apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20062-20072. [PMID: 30361438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) regulates NF-κB activation by modifying proteins with linear (M1-linked) ubiquitination chains. Although LUBAC also regulates the apoptosis pathway, the precise mechanism by which LUBAC regulates apoptosis remains not fully defined. Here, we report that LUBAC-mediated M1-linked ubiquitination of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP), an anti-apoptotic molecule, contributes to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-induced apoptosis. We found that deficiency of RNF31, the catalytic subunit of the LUBAC complex, promoted cFLIP degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner. Moreover, we observed RNF31 directly interact with cFLIP, and LUBAC further conjugated M1-linked ubiquitination chains at Lys-351 and Lys-353 of cFLIP to stabilize cFLIP, thereby protecting cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis. Together, our study identifies a new substrate of LUBAC and reveals a new molecular mechanism through which LUBAC regulates TNFα-induced apoptosis via M1-linked ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Donghyun Joo
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Guangna Liu
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hailin Tu
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jeffrey You
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Jianping Jin
- the Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueqiang Zhao
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xin Lin
- From the Institute for Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, China,.
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44
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Magnani ND, Dada LA, Sznajder JI. Ubiquitin-proteasome signaling in lung injury. Transl Res 2018; 198:29-39. [PMID: 29752900 PMCID: PMC6986356 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell homeostasis requires precise coordination of cellular proteins function. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that modulates protein half-life and function and is tightly regulated by ubiquitin E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes. Lung injury can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome that is characterized by an inflammatory response and disruption of the alveolocapillary barrier resulting in alveolar edema accumulation and hypoxemia. Ubiquitination plays an important role in the pathobiology of acute lung injury as it regulates the proteins modulating the alveolocapillary barrier and the inflammatory response. Better understanding of the signaling pathways regulated by ubiquitination may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting specific elements of the ubiquitination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D Magnani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laura A Dada
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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45
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Romero-Barrios N, Vert G. Proteasome-independent functions of lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:995-1011. [PMID: 29194634 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 995 I. Introduction 995 II. The plant Ub machinery 996 III. From Ub to Ub linkage types in plants 997 IV. Increasing analytical resolution for K63 polyUb in plants 998 V. How to build K63 polyUb chains? 998 VI. Cellular roles of K63 polyUb in plants 999 VII. Physiological roles of K63 polyUb in plants 1004 VIII. Future perspectives: towards the next level of the Ub code 1006 Acknowledgements 1006 References 1007 SUMMARY: Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification essential for the regulation of eukaryotic proteins, having an impact on protein fate, function, localization or activity. What originally appeared to be a simple system to regulate protein turnover by the 26S proteasome is now known to be the most intricate regulatory process cells have evolved. Ubiquitin can be arranged in countless chain assemblies, triggering various cellular outcomes. Polyubiquitin chains using lysine-63 from ubiquitin represent the second most abundant type of ubiquitin modification. Recent studies have exposed their common function in proteasome-independent functions in non-plant model organisms. The existence of lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plants is, however, only just emerging. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the characterization of ubiquitin chains and the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of lysine-63-linked ubiquitin modifications. We provide an overview of the roles associated with lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plant cells in the light of what is known in non-plant models. Finally, we review the crucial roles of lysine-63 polyubiquitin-dependent processes in plant growth, development and responses to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Romero-Barrios
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
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46
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Miraghazadeh B, Cook MC. Nuclear Factor-kappaB in Autoimmunity: Man and Mouse. Front Immunol 2018; 9:613. [PMID: 29686669 PMCID: PMC5900062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB (nuclear factor-kappa B) is a transcription complex crucial for host defense mediated by innate and adaptive immunity, where canonical NF-κB signaling, mediated by nuclear translocation of RelA, c-Rel, and p50, is important for immune cell activation, differentiation, and survival. Non-canonical signaling mediated by nuclear translocation of p52 and RelB contributes to lymphocyte maturation and survival and is also crucial for lymphoid organogenesis. We outline NF-κB signaling and regulation, then summarize important molecular contributions of NF-κB to mechanisms of self-tolerance. We relate these mechanisms to autoimmune phenotypes described in what is now a substantial catalog of immune defects conferred by mutations in NF-κB pathways in mouse models. Finally, we describe Mendelian autoimmune syndromes arising from human NF-κB mutations, and speculate on implications for understanding sporadic autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Miraghazadeh
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C. Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Translational Research Unit, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Canberra Hospital, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Matthew C. Cook,
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47
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Aguilar-Alonso F, Whiting AL, Kim YJ, Bernal F. Biophysical and biological evaluation of optimized stapled peptide inhibitors of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1179-1188. [PMID: 29246782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Linear ubiquitylation, in which ubiquitin units are covalently linked through N- and C-terminal amino acids, is a unique cellular signaling mechanism. This process is controlled by a single E3 ubiquitin ligase, the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), which is composed of three proteins - HOIL-1L, HOIP and SHARPIN. LUBAC is involved in the activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway and has been linked to NF-κB dependent malignancies. In this work, we present HOIP-based stapled alpha-helical peptides designed to inhibit LUBAC through the disruption of the HOIL-1L-HOIP interaction and loss of the functional complex. We find our HOIP peptides to be active LUBAC ubiquitylation inhibitors in vitro, though through interaction with HOIP rather than HOIL. Active peptides were shown to have inhibitory effects on cell viability, reduced NF-κB activity and decreased production of NF-κB related gene products. This work further demonstrates the potential of LUBAC as a therapeutic target and of the use of stapled peptides as inhibitors of protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Aguilar-Alonso
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Amanda L Whiting
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Ye Joon Kim
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Federico Bernal
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
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48
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Ebner P, Versteeg GA, Ikeda F. Ubiquitin enzymes in the regulation of immune responses. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 52:425-460. [PMID: 28524749 PMCID: PMC5490640 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1325829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of various biological functions including immune responses. Ubiquitination is induced by a cascade of enzymatic reactions by E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme, E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, and E3 ubiquitin ligase, and reversed by deubiquitinases. Depending on the enzymes, specific linkage types of ubiquitin chains are generated or hydrolyzed. Because different linkage types of ubiquitin chains control the fate of the substrate, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of ubiquitin enzymes is central. In this review, we highlight the most recent knowledge of ubiquitination in the immune signaling cascades including the T cell and B cell signaling cascades as well as the TNF signaling cascade regulated by various ubiquitin enzymes. Furthermore, we highlight the TRIM ubiquitin ligase family as one of the examples of critical E3 ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of immune responses.
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49
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Sap KA, Bezstarosti K, Dekkers DHW, Voets O, Demmers JAA. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Extensive Changes in the Ubiquitinome after Perturbation of the Proteasome by Targeted dsRNA-Mediated Subunit Knockdown in Drosophila. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2848-2862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen A. Sap
- Proteomics
Center, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Center, and §Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel Bezstarosti
- Proteomics
Center, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Center, and §Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H. W. Dekkers
- Proteomics
Center, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Center, and §Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Voets
- Proteomics
Center, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Center, and §Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A. A. Demmers
- Proteomics
Center, ‡Netherlands Proteomics Center, and §Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Baker PJ, De Nardo D, Moghaddas F, Tran LS, Bachem A, Nguyen T, Hayman T, Tye H, Vince JE, Bedoui S, Ferrero RL, Masters SL. Posttranslational Modification as a Critical Determinant of Cytoplasmic Innate Immune Recognition. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1165-1209. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface innate immune receptors can directly detect a variety of extracellular pathogens to which cytoplasmic innate immune sensors are rarely exposed. Instead, within the cytoplasm, the environment is rife with cellular machinery and signaling pathways that are indirectly perturbed by pathogenic microbes to activate intracellular sensors, such as pyrin, NLRP1, NLRP3, or NLRC4. Therefore, subtle changes in key intracellular processes such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and other pathways leading to posttranslational protein modification are key determinants of innate immune recognition in the cytoplasm. This concept is critical to establish the “guard hypothesis” whereby otherwise homeostatic pathways that keep innate immune sensors at bay are released in response to alterations in their posttranslational modification status. Originally identified in plants, evidence that a similar guardlike mechanism exists in humans has recently been identified, whereby a mutation that prevents phosphorylation of the innate immune sensor pyrin triggers a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory disease. It is also noteworthy that even when a cytoplasmic innate immune sensor has a direct ligand, such as bacterial peptidoglycan (NOD1 or NOD2), RNA (RIG-I or MDA5), or DNA (cGAS or IFI16), it can still be influenced by posttranslational modification to dramatically alter its response. Therefore, due to their existence in the cytoplasmic milieu, posttranslational modification is a key determinant of intracellular innate immune receptor functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Baker
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fiona Moghaddas
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annabell Bachem
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tan Nguyen
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thomas Hayman
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Hazel Tye
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - James E. Vince
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sammy Bedoui
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Richard L. Ferrero
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seth L. Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Departments of Medical Biology and of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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