1
|
Liu Y, Luo J, Peng L, Zhang Q, Rong X, Luo Y, Li J. Flavonoids: Potential therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32563. [PMID: 38975137 PMCID: PMC11225753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are found in the roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of many plant taxa. They are related to plant growth and development, pigment formation, and protection against environmental stress. Flavonoids function as antioxidants and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the cardiovascular system by modulating classical inflammatory response pathways, such as the TLR4-NF-ĸB, PI3K-AKT, and Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathways. There is increasing evidence for the therapeutic effects of flavonoids on hypertension, atherosclerosis, and other diseases. The potential clinical value of flavonoids for diseases of the cardiovascular system has been widely explored. For example, studies have evaluated the roles of flavonoids in the regulation of blood pressure via endothelium-dependent and non-endothelium-dependent pathways and in the regulation of myocardial systolic and diastolic functions by influencing calcium homeostasis and smooth muscle-related protein expression. Flavonoids also have hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, anti-platelet, autophagy, and antibacterial effects. In this paper, the role and mechanism of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases were reviewed in order to provide reference for the clinical application of flavonoids in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxue Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lin Peng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Rong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiafu Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Sichuan Province, Southwest Medical University, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Wu Q, Long X, He Y, Huang J. lncRNA HOTAIRM1 Activated by HOXA4 Drives HUVEC Proliferation Through Direct Interaction with Protein Partner HSPA5. Inflammation 2024; 47:421-437. [PMID: 37898994 PMCID: PMC10798933 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial progress in deciphering the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS), cardiovascular mortality is still increasing. Therefore, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a sweeping epidemic that jeopardizes human health. Disentangling the molecular underpinnings of AS is imperative in the molecular cardiology field. Overwhelming evidence has indicated that the recognition of a fascinating class of players, known as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), provides causality for coordinating AS. However, the function and mechanism of HOTAIRM1 are still poorly understood in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and AS. Herein, we primarily underscored that lncRNA HOTAIRM1 is potentially responsible for AS; as such, it was dramatically up-regulated in HUVECs upon ox-LDL stimulation. Functionally, HOTAIRM1 knockdown attenuated HUVEC proliferation and potentiated apoptosis in the absence and presence of ox-LDL. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 was preferentially located in the nuclei of HUVECs. Mechanistically, HOXA4 is directly bound to the HOTAIRM1 promoter and activated its transcription. Of note, a positive feedback signaling between HOXA4 and HOTAIRM1 was determined. Intriguingly, the interplay between HOTAIRM1 and HSPA5 occurred in an RNA-binding protein pattern and a transcription-dependent regulatory manner. In addition, HSPA5 overexpression partially antagonized HUVEC proliferation inhibition of HOTAIRM1 depletion. Taken together, our findings delineate a pivotal functional interaction among HOXA4, HOTAIRM1, and HSPA5 as a novel regulatory circuit for modulating HUVEC proliferation. An in-depth investigation of the HOXA4-HOTAIRM1-HSPA5 axis promises to yield significant breakthroughs in identifying the molecular mechanisms governing AS and developing therapeutic avenues for AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiangshu Long
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Youfu He
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weng X, Luo X, Dai X, Lv Y, Zhang S, Bai X, Bao X, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zeng M, Hu S, Li J, Jia H, Yu B. Apigenin inhibits macrophage pyroptosis through regulation of oxidative stress and the NF-κB pathway and ameliorates atherosclerosis. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5300-5314. [PMID: 37526050 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays an important role in inflammatory diseases such as viral hepatitis and atherosclerosis. Apigenin exhibits various bioactivities, particularly anti-inflammation, but its effect on pyroptosis remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of apigenin on pyroptosis and explore its potential against inflammatory diseases. THP-1 macrophages treated by lipopolysaccharides/adenosine 5'-triphosphate were used as the in vitro pyroptosis model. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and key regulators. Immunofluorescence was used to observe ROS production and intracellular location of p65. The potential of apigenin against inflammatory diseases was evaluated using atherosclerotic mice. Plaque progression was observed by pathological staining. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in plaques. The results showed that apigenin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Apigenin reduced ROS overproduction and inhibited p65 nuclear translocation. Additionally, apigenin decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in the plaque. Plaque progression was inhibited by apigenin. In conclusion, apigenin exhibited a preventive effect on macrophage pyroptosis by reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Apigenin may alleviate atherosclerosis at least partially by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis. These findings suggest apigenin to be a promising therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sining Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Jia
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu C, Chen W, Cui H, Huang Z, Ding R, Li N, Wang Q, Wu F, Zhao Y, Cong X. TRIM64 promotes ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation, pyroptosis, and inflammation in THP-1-derived macrophages by activating a feedback loop with NF-κB via IκBα ubiquitination. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:607-620. [PMID: 36229750 PMCID: PMC10406714 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease and the main pathology behind most cardiovascular diseases and the overactivation of macrophages initiates the development of atherosclerosis. However, the specific functions of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in macrophages remain elusive. Macrophages derived from monocyte (THP-1) were treated with ox-LDL and were used to generate atherosclerosis in an in vitro model. NLRP3 inflammasome markers were examined using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Cytokines were measured using ELISA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was utilized to detect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and TRIM64 interactions. A fat-rich diet was applied to ApoE-/- mice for in vivo studies. ox-LDL promoted TRIM64 expression in a time-dependent manner. According to loss- and gain-of-function analyses, TRIM64 enhanced the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the expression of downstream molecules. TRIM64 directly interacted with IκBα and promoted IκBα ubiquitination at K67 to activate NF-κB signaling. We detected direct binding between NF-κB and the TRIM64 promoter, as well as enhanced TRIM64 expression. Our study revealed an interaction between TRIM64 and NF-κB in the development of atherosclerosis. TRIM64 and NF-κB formed a positive feedback to activate NF-κB pathway. ox-LDL induces foam cell formation and TRIM64 expression TRIM64 regulates ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation, pyroptosis and inflammation via the NF-κB signaling TRIM64 activates NF-κB signaling by ubiquitination of IκBα NF-κB inhibition attenuates atherosclerosis in HFD-induced ApoE (-/-) mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haiming Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, 415 Fengyang Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao L, Wei L, Du Q, Su Y, Ye S, Liu K. Spleen Toxicity of Organophosphorus Flame Retardant TDCPP in Mice and the Related Mechanisms. TOXICS 2023; 11:231. [PMID: 36976996 PMCID: PMC10051780 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant that has been utilized in recent years as a primary replacement for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a wide variety of fire-sensitive applications. However, the impact of TDCPP on the immune system has not been fully determined. As the largest secondary immune organ in the body, the spleen is considered to be an important study endpoint for determining immune defects in the body. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of TDCPP toxicity on the spleen and its possible molecular mechanisms. In this study, for 28 consecutive days, TDCPP was administered intragastrically (i.g), and we assessed the general condition of mice by evaluating their 24 h water and food intake. Pathological changes in spleen tissues were also evaluated at the end of the 28-day exposure. To measure the TDCPP-induced inflammatory response in the spleen and its consequences, the expression of the critical players in the NF-κB pathway and mitochondrial apoptosis were detected. Lastly, RNA-seq was performed to identify the crucial signaling pathways of TDCPP-induced splenic injury. The results showed that TDCPP intragastric exposure triggered an inflammatory response in the spleen, likely through activating the NF-κB/IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-1β pathway. TDCPP also led to mitochondrial-related apoptosis in the spleen. Further RNA-seq analysis suggested that the TDCPP-mediated immunosuppressive effect is associated with the inhibition of chemokines and the expression of their receptor genes in the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, including four genes of the CC subfamily, four genes of the CXC subfamily, and one gene of the C subfamily. Taken together, the present study identifies the sub-chronic splenic toxicity of TDCPP and provides insights on the potential mechanisms of TDCPP-induced splenic injury and immune suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanqin Cao
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Lai Wei
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Qiaoyun Du
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ying Su
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Shuzi Ye
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Gheflati A, Barghchi H, Rahbarinejad P, Hachem K, Shalaby MN, Abdelbasset WK, Ranjbar G, Olegovich Bokov D, Rahimi P, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Pahlavani N. The role of Pycnogenol in the control of inflammation and oxidative stress in chronic diseases: Molecular aspects. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2352-2374. [PMID: 35583807 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic diseases has increased significantly with the rising trend of sedentary lifestyles, reduced physical activity, and dietary modifications in recent decades. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of several chronic diseases, such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hepatic conditions. Therefore, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of various chronic disorders. Since chronic diseases are not completely curable, various methods have been proposed for their control. Complementary therapies and the use of natural antioxidant and antiinflammatory compounds are among these novel approaches. Pycnogenol (PYC) is a natural compound that could control inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, some previous studies have shown that PYC could effectively reduce inflammation through signaling the downstream of insulin receptors, inhibiting the phosphorylation of the serine residues of insulin receptor substrate-1, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices through the stimulation of antioxidant pathways, increasing free radical scavenging activities, preventing lipid peroxidation, and protecting the erythrocytes in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient individuals, although these effects have not been fully proved. The present study aimed to comprehensively review the evidence concerning the positive physiological and pharmacological properties of PYC, with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of this natural component for enhancing human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Gheflati
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Barghchi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kadda Hachem
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Valorization of Plants (LBPVBP), Faculty of Sciences, University of Saida- Dr Moulay Tahar, Saida, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Nader Shalaby
- Biological Sciences and Sports Health Department, Faculty of Physical Education, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Walid Kamal Abdelbasset
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kasr Al-Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Pegah Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Naseh Pahlavani
- Health Sciences Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dutta T, Anand U, Mitra SS, Ghorai M, Jha NK, Shaikh NK, Shekhawat MS, Pandey DK, Proćków J, Dey A. Phytotherapy for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827411. [PMID: 35592415 PMCID: PMC9110892 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly a neurodevelopmental behavioural disorder in children and adolescents. Mainly characterized by symptoms like lack of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, it can impact the overall mental development of the one affected. Several factors, both genetic and non-genetic, can be responsible for this disorder. Although several traditional treatment methods involve medication and other counselling techniques, they also come with different side effects. Hence, the choice is now shifting to alternative treatment techniques. Herbal treatments are considered one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) administered. However, issues related to the safety and efficacy of herbal remedies for the treatment of ADHD need to be investigated further. This study aims to find out the recent advancement in evidence-based use of herbal remedies for ADHD by a comprehensive and systematic review that depicts the results of the published works on herbal therapy for the disorder. The electronic databases and the references retrieved from the included studies present related randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label studies. Seven RCTs involving children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD met the inclusion criteria. There is a fair indication of the efficacy and safety of Melissa officinalis L., Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Matricaria chamomilla L., and Valeriana officinalis L. from the studies evaluated in this systematic review for the treatment of various symptoms of ADHD. Limited evidence was found for Ginkgo biloba L. and pine bark extract. However, various other preparations from other plants did not show significant efficacy. There is inadequate proof to strongly support and recommend the administration of herbal medicines for ADHD, but more research is needed in the relevant field to popularize the alternative treatment approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tusheema Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- CytoGene Research & Development LLP, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Mimosa Ghorai
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Nusratbanu K. Shaikh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Smt N. M. Padalia Pharmacy College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Lawspet, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou J, Que Y, Pan L, Li X, Zhu C, Jin L, Li S. Supervillin Contributes to LPS-induced Inflammatory Response in THP-1 Cell-derived Macrophages. Inflammation 2021; 45:356-371. [PMID: 34480249 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Supervillin (SVIL) is an actin-binding and membrane-associated protein, which belongs to villin/gelsolin family. It has been reported that SVIL was involved in the regulation of macrophages' movement and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased the SVIL mRNA expression in neutrophils, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. This work investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms of LPS regulating SVIL expression in macrophages and hence the possible role of SVIL in LPS-induced inflammation. We found that in THP-1-derived macrophages, LPS obviously increased SVIL mRNA and protein expression. Inhibition of TLR4 by Resatorvid (Res) remarkably reversed the LPS-induced SVIL expression. Additionally, inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling pathway (by U0126 or GDC-0994) and NF-κB (by BAY) significantly reduced the LPS-induced SVIL expression. Interestingly, down-regulation of SVIL by SVIL-specific shRNAs significantly attenuated the expression of IL-6, IL-1β & TNF-α induced by LPS at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we also observed that SVIL knockdown decreased the proportion of cells in G2/M phase and increased the proportion of cells in S & G0-1 phase of THP-1 derived macrophages, but did not influence the cell viability. Taken together, we demonstrated that LPS induced the expression of SVIL via activating TLR4/NF-κB and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways, and SVIL participated in the inflammatory response of LPS-induced IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α upregulation in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuhui Que
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Lai Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Longmian Dadao 101, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu M, Yang Z, Zhang C, Shi Y, Han W, Song S, Mu L, Du C, Shi Y. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome ameliorates podocyte damage by suppressing lipid accumulation in diabetic nephropathy. Metabolism 2021; 118:154748. [PMID: 33675822 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleotide leukin-rich polypeptide 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is documented as a potent target for treating metabolic diseases and inflammatory disorders. Our recent work demonstrated that inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation inhibits renal inflammation and fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. This study was to investigate the effect of NLRP3 inflammasome on podocyte injury and the underlying mechanism in diabetic nephropathy. METHODS In vivo, db/db mice were treated with MCC950, a NLRP3 inflammasome specific inhibitor. NLRP3 knockout (NKO) mice were induced to diabetes by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). We assessed renal function, albuminuria, podocyte injury and glomerular lipid accumulation in diabetic mice. In vitro, apoptosis, cytoskeleton change, lipid accumulation, NF-κB p65 activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated in podocytes interfered with NLRP3 siRNA or MCC950 under high glucose (HG) conditions. In addition, the effect and mechanism of IL-1β on lipid accumulation was explored in podocytes exposed to normal glucose (NG) or HG. RESULTS MCC950 treatment improved renal function, attenuated albuminuria, mesangial expansion, podocyte loss, as well as glomerular lipid accumulation in db/db mice. The diabetes-induced podocyte loss and glomerular lipid accumulation were reversed in NLRP3 knockout mice. The increased expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein1 (SREBP1) and SREBP2, and decreased expression of ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) in podocytes were reversed by MCC950 treatment or NLRP3 knockout in diabetic mice. In vitro, NLRP3 siRNA or MCC950 treatment markedly inhibited HG-induced apoptosis, cytoskeleton change, lipid accumulation, NF-κB p65 activation, and mitochondrial ROS production in cultured podocytes. In addition, BAY11-7082 or tempol treatment inhibited HG-induced lipid accumulation in podocytes. Moreover, exposure of IL-1β to podocytes induced lipid accumulation, NF-κB p65 activation and mitochondrial ROS generation. CONCLUSION Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome protects against podocyte damage through suppression of lipid accumulation in diabetic nephropathy. IL-1β/ROS/NF-κB p65 mediates diabetes-associated lipid accumulation in podocytes. The suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be an effective therapeutic approach to diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zhifen Yang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Weixia Han
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shan Song
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Lin Mu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Chunyang Du
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Center of Metabolic Diseases and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Health Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Baz FK, Elgohary R, Salama A. Amelioration of Hepatic Encephalopathy Using Dunaliella salina Microalgae in Rats: Modulation of Hyperammonemia/TLR4. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8843218. [PMID: 33855084 PMCID: PMC8021475 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8843218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disease that is developed as a complication of both acute and chronic liver failure affecting psychomotor dysfunction, memory, and concentration. This study is aimed at evaluating the therapeutic effects of Dunaliella salina (D. salina) microalgae in thioacetamide- (TAA-) induced HE in rats. HE was induced by TAA (200 mg/kg; i.p.) for three successive days. Forty male Wister albino rats were divided into 4 groups; the first group was served as a normal, and the second group was injected with TAA and served as TAA control. The third and fourth groups were administered D. salina (100 and 200 mg/kg; p.o.), respectively, after TAA injection for 7 days. The behavioral and biochemical markers as well as histological aspects of HE were estimated. This study revealed that TAA caused behavioral changes, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, nuclear pyknosis, and neurons degeneration. D. salina improved liver function and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator as TLR4 protein expression. Also, D. salina elevated HSP-25 and IGF-1 as well as improved brain histopathological alterations. In conclusion, D. salina exerted a therapeutic potential against HE via its antioxidant, antiinflammatory and cytoprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farouk K. El-Baz
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rania Elgohary
- Narcotics, Ergogenics and Poisons Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gu Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Huang Z, Jiang J, Chen Y, Chen J, Jia Y, Zhang L, Zhou F. Ferulic Acid Ameliorates Atherosclerotic Injury by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:621339. [PMID: 33841148 PMCID: PMC8026864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.621339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have emphasized the significance of gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the development of atherosclerosis. Herein, the effects and molecular mechanisms involving ferulic acid (FA) was examined in atherosclerosis using the ApoE-knockout (ApoE-∕-, c57BL/6 background) mouse model. Eighteen male ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then randomly divided into three groups: the model group, the FA (40 mg/kg/day) group and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) group. As results, FA could significantly alleviate atherosclerosis and regulate lipid levels in mice. Liver injury and hepatocyte steatosis induced by HFD were also mitigated by FA. FA improved lipid metabolism involving up-regulation of AMPKα phosphorylation and down-regulation of SREBP1 and ACC1 expression. Furthermore, FA induced marked structural changes in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites and specifically reduced the relative abundance of Fimicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae and Ileibacterium, which were positively correlated with serum lipid levels in atherosclerosis mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that FA could significantly ameliorate atherosclerotic injury, which may be partly by modulating gut microbiota and lipid metabolism via the AMPKα/SREBP1/ACC1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Gu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junqi Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ko M, Oh GT, Park J, Kwon HJ. Extract of high hydrostatic pressure-treated danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) ameliorates atherosclerosis via autophagy induction. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33172543 PMCID: PMC7781913 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a traditional medicinal plant widely used in Asian countries for its pharmacological activities (e.g., amelioration of cardiovascular diseases). In this study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerotic activity of raw danshen root extract prepared using high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) at 550 MPa for 5 min and hot water extraction. This method was useful for elimination of bacteria from cultured danshen plants and for better extraction yield of active principles. The HHP-treated danshen extract (HDE) inhibited proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and induced autophagy that was assessed by LC3 conversion and p62 degradation. HDE suppressed foam cell formation in oxLDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophages; lysosomal activity simultaneously increased, measured by acridine orange staining. HDE also reduced atherosclerotic plaque development in vivo in apolipoprotein E knock-out (ApoE−/−) mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Taken together, these results indicated that HDE exhibited anti-atherosclerotic activity via autophagy induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ko
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03762, Korea
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-2123-5883; Fax: +82-2-362-7265; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun J, Xu X, Huang X, Ji S, Bian C, Ji H. Nuclear factor-κB subunit p65 is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced lipid accumulation via regulating DGAT1b in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:71-77. [PMID: 32585360 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can promote the accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in CIK (Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney) cells, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In this study, two genes involved TG synthesis, DGAT1a and DGAT1b, were isolated and characterized from grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, which encode peptides of 498 and 501 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses indicated that DGAT1a and DGAT1b could have originated from the teleost-specific genome duplication event. Analysis of the exon-intron structures clarified that genomic structures of all DGAT1 proteins are conserved in vertebrates. DGAT1a mRNA was highly expressed in gut, adipose tissue and heart, while DGAT1b mRNA was highly expressed in liver and kidney. After LPS treatment, only expression of DGAT1b was up-regulated and knockdown of DGAT1b reduced the content of TG, suggesting that DGAT1b is involved in LPS-induced lipid accumulation. To explore the mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of DGAT1b in response to LPS, we cloned DGAT1b promoter sequence. Its promoter sequence consists of IRF7, RelA (p65) and RelB binding elements. Dual luciferase assay and q-PCR suggested that the promoter of DGAT1b can be activated by the overexpression of p65, but cannot be triggered by IRF7 and RelB. Mutational analysis shows that the potential p65 binding sites may locate in the region -111/-100 bp of the DGAT1b promoter. These results indicated that DGAT1b is the target gene of NF-κB p65. Finally, inhibiting p65 effectively decreased LPS-induced lipid accumulation. Taken together, we demonstrate that NF-κB p65 takes part in the lipid accumulation by regulating DGAT1b-induced TG synthesis in LPS signalling in CIK cells. The finding that NF-κB p65 links LPS signalling and TG synthesis adds to our growing appreciation of the interplay between immunity and lipid metabolism in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaocheng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curcumin: an inflammasome silencer. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
15
|
Ishida N, Ishida T, Morisawa S, Iizuka M, Yagi Y, Jobu K, Morita Y, Oishi M, Moriyama H, Shimamura T, Ukeda H, Miyamura M. Inhibitory Effects of Goishi Tea on Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.26.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanao Ishida
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Shumpei Morisawa
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | | | - Yusuke Yagi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Kohei Jobu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | - Yasuyo Morita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Mitsuhiko Miyamura
- Kochi Medical Graduate School
- Department of Pharmacy, Kochi Medical School Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hou LS, Cui ZY, Sun P, Piao HQ, Han X, Song J, Wang G, Zheng S, Dong XX, Gao L, Zhu Y, Lian LH, Nan JX, Wu YL. Rutin mitigates hepatic fibrogenesis and inflammation through targeting TLR4 and P2X7 receptor signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
|
17
|
Research Progress of Mechanisms and Drug Therapy For Atherosclerosis on Toll-Like Receptor Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 74:379-388. [PMID: 31730559 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have established atherosclerosis (AS) as a major factor in the pathogenetic process of cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic stroke and coronary heart disease. Although the possible pathogenesis of AS remains to be elucidated, a large number of investigations strongly suggest that the inhibition of toll-like receptors (TLRs) alleviates the severity of AS to some extent by suppressing vascular inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. As pattern recognition receptors, TLRs occupy a vital position in innate immunity, mediating various signaling pathways in infective and sterile inflammation. This review summarizes the available data on the research progress of AS and the latest antiatherosclerotic drugs associated with TLR pathway.
Collapse
|
18
|
McGrail L, Garelnabi M. Polyphenolic Compounds and Gut Microbiome in Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 21:578-586. [PMID: 31713494 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666191111150239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The onset of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is known to be associated with multiple risk factors related to exogenous exposures on predisposed genetic makeup. Diet and lifestyle have a cascade effect on microbiota biodiversity, thus impacting inflammation and heart health. Atherosclerosis is a type of CVD where chronic inflammation contributes to plaque buildup in the arteries resulting in narrowed blood vessels, which obstruct blood flow. Polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids, most commonly consumed in the form of plants, have been identified to have various mechanisms of action to reduce the inflammatory response in the body. Flavonoids provide a variety of nutraceutical functions including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antitumor, and improved pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the medicinal use of polyphenolic compounds as an intervention for the inflammatory response, especially relating to the gut microbiome, may significantly reduce the risk of atherosclerotic plaque development and disease onset. This review addresses the role of polyphenolic compounds and gut microbiome in cardiovascular disease. Research studies conducted in cells and animals were reviewed. These studies clearly illustrate that dietary polyphenolic compounds influence resident gut microbiota thus they are associated with the prevention of atherosclerosis progression. Further research in this field is warranted to identify potential gut microbiome mediated therapeutic approaches for CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay McGrail
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, United States
| | - Mahdi Garelnabi
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, 01854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lou X, Yu Z, Yang X, Chen J. Protective effect of rivaroxaban on arteriosclerosis obliterans in rats through modulation of the toll-like receptor 4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1619-1626. [PMID: 31410117 PMCID: PMC6676094 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmacological role of rivaroxaban in rats with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and the potential mechanism of its action. A total of 60 adult male Sprague Dawley (weighing 210–250 g) were randomly assigned into either the sham group, model group or Riv group. Rats in the sham group were fed a normal diet, whereas those in model group and Riv group were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. After establishment of the ASO model, rats in the Riv group were intragastrically administered 10 mg/kg rivaroxaban, whereas those in the sham group and the model group were administrated with the same volume of 0.9% saline for 4 weeks. At the end of animal procedures, a blood sample and the femoral artery of the rats were harvested. The results of the present study revealed that rats in the model group presented with an irregularly narrowed femoral artery lumen, disordered endothelial cells, internal elastic plates and smooth muscle cells. By comparison, the arterial wall structure and stenosis of the femoral artery of rats in Riv group recovered and all the pathological changes were alleviated after rivaroxaban treatment. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins decreased, whereas the level of high-density lipoproteins increased in the Riv group compared with the model group. Rivaroxaban treatment significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and increased the serum level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Rats in the Riv group had reduced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB and MCP-1, and increased expression of TGF-β in femoral artery tissues compared with the model group. Therefore rivaroxaban may have exerted its anti-atherosclerotic effects by regulating the expression of genes in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of the downstream molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjiang Lou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Verlaet A, van der Bolt N, Meijer B, Breynaert A, Naessens T, Konstanti P, Smidt H, Hermans N, Savelkoul HFJ, Teodorowicz M. Toll-Like Receptor-Dependent Immunomodulatory Activity of Pycnogenol ®. Nutrients 2019; 11:E214. [PMID: 30678156 PMCID: PMC6412808 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pycnogenol® (PYC), an extract of French maritime pine bark, is widely used as a dietary supplement. PYC has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions via inhibiting the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. However, the role of the other receptors from the TLR family in the immunomodulatory activity of PYC has not been described so far. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate whether PYC might exert its immunomodulatory properties through cell membrane TLRs (TLR1/2, TLR5, and TLR2/6) other than TLR4. Moreover, the effect of gastrointestinal metabolism on the immunomodulatory effects of PYC was investigated. FINDINGS We showed that intact non-metabolized PYC dose-dependently acts as an agonist of TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 and as a partial agonist of TLR5. PYC on its own does not agonize or antagonize TLR4. However, after the formation of complexes with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), it is a potent activator of TLR4 signaling. Gastrointestinal metabolism of PYC revealed the immunosuppressive potential of the retentate fraction against TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 when compared to the control fraction containing microbiota and enzymes only. The dialyzed fraction containing PYC metabolites revealed the capacity to induce anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion. Finally, microbially metabolized PYC affected the colonic microbiota composition during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that gastrointestinal metabolism of PYC reveals its biological activity as a potential inhibitor of TLRs signaling. The results suggest that metabolized PYC acts as a partial agonist of TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 in the presence of the microbiota-derived TLR agonists (retentate fraction) and that it possesses anti-inflammatory potential reflected by the induction of IL-10 from THP-1 macrophages (dialysate fraction).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Verlaet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Nieke van der Bolt
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben Meijer
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelies Breynaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tania Naessens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Prokopis Konstanti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University& Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University& Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food Science, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Malgorzata Teodorowicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rohdewald P. Pleiotropic Effects of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract to Promote Healthy Aging. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:210-217. [PMID: 30215292 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extension of the healthy life span is of primary importance for the aging society. Among exercise, healthy nutrition, and mental training, food supplements are widely used as preventive measures to postpone the diverse symptoms of aging. The extract from the bark of the French maritime pine, Pycnogenol, rich on flavonoids, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidative property, proven in in vivo studies. The extract reduces oxidative stress and improves endothelial health. Its antithrombotic properties are based on inhibition of platelet aggregation. In double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, Pycnogenol shows diverse positive effects. With respect to cardiovascular symptoms, the extract has an antihypertensive effect, slows down the progression of atherosclerosis, and prevents venous thrombosis. As reported in studies in China and the United States, type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy is improved with Pycnogenol. The extract restores mobility of seniors in case of patients suffering from osteoarthritis, Pycnogenol reduces pain and stiffness and use of analgesics. Furthermore, cognitive functions of elderly people, especially spatial memory, are significantly ameliorated. Climacteric symptoms are significantly alleviated by the pine bark extract. Urinary symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are reduced by Pycnogenol. In combination with L-arginine, Pycnogenol restores erectile function in men with erectile dysfunction. The sum of these positive effects on relevant symptoms of aging suggests using Pycnogenol for a more extended period of healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rohdewald
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
David IMB, de Souza Fernandes F, Dos Santos Silva Ferreira JB, Lüdtke DD, Martins DF, Bobinski F, da Silva TBGC, Buffon LD, Kopper MBR, da Silva GS, Zeferino RC, Pedrosa RC, Kviecinski MR. Dietary supplementation with procyanidin-rich Pinus pinaster extract is associated with attenuated Ehrlich tumor development in mice. Nutr Res 2018; 62:41-50. [PMID: 30803506 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are related to cancer initiation and progression. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation with a procyanidin-rich Pinus pinaster extract (Pyc) with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects could induce systemic protection, thereby attenuating tumor development. To test our hypothesis, mice were subjected to long-term supplementation (20 days, every 24 h) with saline, 25 mg/kg resveratrol or 100 mg/kg Pyc. Pyc was administered at a maximum tolerated oral dose, previously determined using toxicity indicators. Ten days after Ehrlich ascites tumor induction, weight gain and abdominal circumference increase were calculated. Ascitic fluid from six mice/group was evaluated by determining total volume; tumor packed cell volume; cell viability; tumor cell death type; inflammatory infiltrate; and levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), carbonyl proteins, lipid peroxidation, cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) expression and Akt phosphorylation (p-Akt). Ten mice/group were monitored to evaluate survival. Pyc and resveratrol were associated with reduced weight gain (>30%), abdominal circumference and ascitic volume. Tumor packed cell volume was reduced in Pyc-supplemented mice (26%), which had the largest tumor cell count reduction (>35%), increased ascitic fluid apoptosis rates (20%) and the longest survival (>2-fold). Pyc and resveratrol treatment both reduced inflammatory infiltrate and levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, carbonyl proteins, lipid peroxidation (~ 30%) and p-Akt (up to 4-fold). Only Pyc significantly inhibited COX-2. Pyc attenuated oxidative and inflammation mediators and impaired tumor development, supporting our hypothesis and suggesting Pyc as a candidate for future studies in multitargeted dietary-based cancer prevention approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Machado Barbosa David
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Flávia de Souza Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Daniela Dero Lüdtke
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Fernandes Martins
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Franciane Bobinski
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | | | - Luiza Daux Buffon
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Maria Biatriz Rodrigues Kopper
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Silveira da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Costa Zeferino
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, - SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Biochemistry Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n - Trindade, Florianópolis, - SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Maicon Roberto Kviecinski
- Post-Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Av. Pedra Branca, 25. Palhoça SC, 88137-270, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wang D, Cong H, Wang X, Cao Y, Ikuyama S, Fan B, Gu J. Pycnogenol protects against diet-induced hepatic steatosis in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E218-E228. [PMID: 29462565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00009.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PycnogenolR (PYC), a combination of active flavonoids derived from French maritime pine bark, is a natural antioxidant that has various pharmacological activities. Here, we investigated the beneficial effect of PYC on diet-induced hepatic steatosis. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient male mice were administered PYC at oral doses of 30 or 100 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 2 wk in advance and were then fed a high-cholesterol and -fat diet (HCD) for 8 wk. Biochemical, immunohistochemical, and gene expression analyses were conducted to explore the effect of PYC on lipid metabolism in ApoE-deficient mice on a HCD. Short-term treatment with HCD in ApoE-deficient mice induced hepatic injuries, such as lipid metabolism disorder and hepatic histopathological changes. We found that PYC reduced body weight and the increase of serum lipids that had been caused by HCD. Supplementation of PYC significantly reduced lipid deposition in the liver, as shown by the lowered hepatic lipid content and histopathological lesions. We subsequently detected genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines. The study showed that PYC markedly suppressed the expression of genes related to hepatic lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, and lipid storage while increasing the lipolytic gene, which thus reduced hepatic lipid content. Furthermore, PYC mainly reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and the infiltration of inflammatory cells, which were resistant to the development of hepatic steatosis. These results demonstrate that PYC protects against the occurrence and development of hepatic steatosis and may provide a new prophylactic approach for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Difei Wang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Huiying Cong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yanli Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Department of Diabetes, Endocrine and Rheumatic Diseases Oita San-ai Medical Center, Ichi, Oita , Japan
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Endocrine Institute and The Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Q, Zhao W, Zeng X, Hao Z. Ursolic Acid Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- Mice: Role of LOX-1 Mediated by ROS/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2018; 23:E1101. [PMID: 29735887 PMCID: PMC6100321 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease, is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases. Ursolic acid (UA) is a phytonutrient with widely biological effects including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and so on. At present, the effect of UA on atherosclerosis and the mechanism of action are still obscure. This study focused on investigating the effects of UA on atherosclerosis both in vivo and in vitro. We first selected LOX-1 as our target, which was reckoned as a new promising receptor for treating atherosclerosis. The evaluation in vitro suggested that UA significantly decreased endothelial LOX-1 expression induced by LPS both in mRNA and protein levels. Pre-treatment of UA also inhibited TLR4/MyD88 signaling activated by LPS. Moreover, UA reduced ROS production and suppressed the activation of NF-κB stimulated by LPS. Particularly, the evaluation in vivo further verified the conclusion obtained in vitro. In ApoE−/− mice fed with an atherogenic diet, both UA (100 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation and shrunk necrotic core areas. The enhanced expression of LOX-1 in atherosclerotic aorta was also dramatically decreased by administration of UA. Taken together, these results suggested that UA, with anti-atherosclerotic activity through inhibition of LOX-1 mediated by ROS/NF-κB signaling pathways, may become a valuable vascular protective candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of basic Medicine, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Zhihui Hao
- Agricultural Bio-Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cong L, Zhang Y, Huang H, Cao J, Fu X. DFMG reverses proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by co-culture with injured vascular endothelial cells via suppression of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5692-5699. [PMID: 29484442 PMCID: PMC5866011 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
7-Difluoromethoxy-5,4′-dimethoxy-genistein (DFMG) is a novel chemical compound synthesized using genistein. Previous studies have indicated that DFMG can reverse the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells (VECs) by regulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the activity and molecular mechanism underlying DFMG-mediated protection of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) using a non-contact co-culture model established by using Transwell insert. Secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA. Proliferation and migration of VSMCs were assessed using a Cell Counting kit-8 and wound healing assays, respectively. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein levels were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses, respectively. In the present study, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) significantly increased the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in VECs. VECs treated with LPC markedly increased proliferation and migration of VSMCs, which were inhibited by DFMG. Transfection of either TLR4 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or TLR4 cDNA in VECs inhibited and increased proliferation and migration of VSMCs, respectively. Furthermore, transfection of VECs with TLR4 shRNA suppressed the proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by co-culture with injured VECs, which was further enhanced by treatment with DFMG. By contrast, transfection of VECs with TLR4 cDNA enhanced proliferation and migration of VSMCs and this effect was inhibited by treatment with DFMG. Taken together, the results of the present study demonstrated that DFMG can reverse proliferation and migration of VSMCs induced by co-culture with injured VECs via suppression of the TLR4-mediated signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Cong
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pathology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cong H, Zhong W, Wang Y, Ikuyama S, Fan B, Gu J. Pycnogenol® Induces Browning of White Adipose Tissue through the PKA Signaling Pathway in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9713259. [PMID: 29577045 PMCID: PMC5822826 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9713259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) have received considerable recognition because of their potential protective effect against obesity. Pycnogenol (PYC), extracted from French maritime pine bark, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and can improve lipid profiles. However, the effect of PYC on obesity has never been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of PYC on obesity and WAT browning in apolipoprotein E- (ApoE-) deficient mice. The results showed that PYC treatment clearly reversed body weight and the mass of eWAT gain resulting from a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet (HCD), but no difference in food intake. The morphology results showed that the size of the adipocytes in the PYC-treated mice was obviously smaller than that in the HCD-fed mice. Next, we found that PYC upregulated the expression of genes related to lipolysis (ATGL and HSL), while it decreased the mRNA level of PLIN1. PYC significantly increased the expression of UCP1 and other genes related to beige adipogenesis. Additionally, PYC increased the expression of proteins related to the protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. The findings suggested that PYC decreased obesity by promoting lipolysis and WAT browning. Thus, PYC may be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Cong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenxia Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shoichiro Ikuyama
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Department of Diabetes, Endocrine and Rheumatic Diseases, Oita San-ai Medical Center, 1213 Ichi, Oita 870-1151, Japan
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Shenyang 110022, China
| | - Jianqiu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
- The Endocrine Institute and the Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pycnogenol Reduces Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway-Mediated Atherosclerosis Formation in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 68:292-303. [PMID: 27322603 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Pycnogenol (PYC) is an extract from French maritime pine bark. Its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects have been shown to be beneficial for atherosclerosis. Here, we tested whether PYC could suppress high cholesterol and fat diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerosis formation in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice. In our study, PYC suppressed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced lipid accumulation in peritoneal macrophages. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were orally administered PYC or a control solvent for ten weeks, and these mice were fed a standard diet or high cholesterol and fat diet during the latter eight weeks. Pycnogenol markedly decreased the size of atherosclerotic lesions induced by high cholesterol and fat diet compared with the nontreated controls. In addition, TLR4 expression in aortic sinus was stimulated by high cholesterol and fat diet feeding and was significantly reduced by PYC. A mechanistic analysis indicated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased expression of fatty acid binding protein (aP2) and macrophage scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), which were blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Furthermore, PYC inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced upregulation of aP2 and scavenger receptor class A via the JNK pathway. In conclusion, PYC administration effectively attenuates atherosclerosis through the TLR4-JNK pathway. Our results suggest that PYC could be a potential prophylaxis or treatment for atherosclerosis in humans.
Collapse
|
28
|
The alternation of autophagy/apoptosis in CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs on the developmental stages of atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1053-1060. [PMID: 29136784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in the regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses in atherosclerosis. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying Tregs upon long-term development of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, atherosclerotic model was induced in ApoE-/- mice by feeding fat-diet for 10 weeks. Quantification of atherosclerotic lesions was done by calculating the lesion size in the aortic sinus every 2 weeks. The lipid levels and inflammatory mediators were detected in serum sample. The populations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were compared between ApoE-/- mice (ApoE-/-) and wild type C57BL/6 littermates (WT). The expression levels of autophagy and apoptosis signaling related regulators were determined by flow cytomery, RT-qPCR, and western blot assays in the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs isolated from ApoE-/- and WT. We found that the sizes of plaque lesions in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice were larger than those in WT group during 10 weeks' detection (all P<0.05); Whereas, flow cytometry assay showed that the populations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were significantly reduced in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice compared with those in corresponding WT group from the 4th weeks' detection (all P<0.05). The lipid accumulation and increased pro-inflammatory mediators were correlated with the developmental progression of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, compared to WT group, the functional properties of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs from ApoE-/- mice showed a gradually decreased autophagic activity with aberrant expressions of LC3, Beclin1, ATG5, ATG7, p62 (all P<0.05), and a gradually increased apoptotic activity with abnormal expressions of cleaved caspase 3, Bim, Bcl-2 (all P<0.05) during the 10 weeks' detection period. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs was reversely correlated with plaque forming in atherosclerotic ApoE-/- mice during atherosclerosis development. And the autophagy/apoptosis-dependent Tregs might play a crucial role for the maintenance of CD4 9+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs survival during atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Anti-inflammatory effects and corresponding mechanisms of cirsimaritin extracted from Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Maxim. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3076-3080. [PMID: 28554870 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of cirsimaritin isolated from an ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii Maxim. using RAW264.7 cells. The extract and its flavonoid cirsimaritin inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW264.7 cells. Cirsimaritin inhibited interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. From a western blot study, pretreatment with cirsimaritin inhibited phosphorylation/degradation of IκBα and phosphorylation of Akt in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, cirsimaritin suppressed activation of LPS-induced transcription factors, such as c-fos and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in RAW264.7 cells. Collectively, these results show that cirsimaritin possesses anti-inflammatory activity, which is regulated by inhibition of c-fos and STAT3 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells.
Collapse
|
30
|
Protective effect of ginsenoside Rh3 against anticancer drug-induced apoptosis in LLC-PK1 kidney cells. J Ginseng Res 2017; 41:227-231. [PMID: 28413329 PMCID: PMC5386128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides are active components of Panax ginseng that exert various health benefits including kidney protection effect. The medicinal activity of ginsenosides can be enhanced by modulating their stereospecificity by heat processing. Ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 represent positional isomers of the double bond at C-20(21) or C-20(22). Methods The present study investigated the kidney-protective effects of ginsenosides Rk2 and Rh3 against cisplatin, a platinum based anticancer drug, induced apoptotic damage in renal proximal LLC-PK1 cells. Results As a result, ginsenoside Rh3 shows a stronger protective effect than that shown by Rk2. Cisplatin-induced elevated protein levels of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and cleaved caspase-3 decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rh3. The increase in the percentage of apoptotic LLC-PK1 cells induced by cisplatin treatment also significantly reduced after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rh3. Conclusion These results demonstrate that inhibition of the JNK and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascade plays a critical role in mediating the renoprotective effect of ginsenoside Rh3.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yang X, Yu Y, Wang D, Qin S. Overexpressed PLTP in macrophage may promote cholesterol accumulation by prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress. Med Hypotheses 2017; 98:45-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
32
|
Zhao W, Li C, Gao H, Wu Q, Shi J, Chen X. Dihydrotanshinone I Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mice: Role of NOX4/NF-κB Mediated Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor-1 (LOX-1) of the Endothelium. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:418. [PMID: 27891092 PMCID: PMC5105322 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) is a natural compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge which has been widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of DHT on atherosclerosis were investigated using apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and endothelial cells. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), DHT (10 nM) decreased lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, NF-κB nuclear translocation, ox-LDL endocytosis and monocytes adhesion. Silence NOX4 inhibited LPS-induced LOX-1 expression, NF-κB nuclear translocation, ox-LDL endocytosis and monocytes adhesion. In ApoE-/- mice fed with an atherogenic diet, DHT (10 and 25 mg kg-1) significantly attenuated atherosclerotic plaque formation, altered serum lipid profile, decreased oxidative stress and shrunk necrotic core areas. The enhanced expression of LOX-1, NOX4, and NF-κB in aorta was also dramatically inhibited by DHT. In conclusion, these results suggested that DHT showed anti-atherosclerotic activity through inhibition of LOX-1 mediated by NOX4/NF-κB signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo. This finding suggested that DHT might be used as a potential vascular protective candidate for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macao, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College Zunyi, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macao, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Lab for Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College Zunyi, China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kong F, Ye B, Cao J, Cai X, Lin L, Huang S, Huang W, Huang Z. Curcumin Represses NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and P2X7R Signaling in PMA-Induced Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:369. [PMID: 27777559 PMCID: PMC5056188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In the NOD-like receptor (NLR) family, the pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is closely related to the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to assess the effects of curcumin on NLRP3 inflammasome in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced macrophages and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods: Human monocytic THP-1 cells were pretreated with curcumin for 1 h and subsequently induced with PMA for 48 h. Total protein was collected for Western blot analysis. Cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β release and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 translocation were detected by ELISA assay and cellular NF-κB translocation kit, respectively. Results: Curcumin significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 and cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β secretion in PMA-induced macrophages. Moreover, Bay (a NF-κB inhibitor) treatment considerably suppressed the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in PMA-induced THP-1 cells. Curcumin also markedly inhibited the upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), phosphorylation level of IκB-α, and activation of NF-κB in PMA-induced macrophages. In addition, purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R) siRNA was administered, and it significantly decreased NLRP3 inflammasome expression in PMA-induced macrophages. Furthermore, curcumin reversed PMA-stimulated P2X7R activation, which further reduced the expression of NLRP3 and cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1β secretion. Silencing of P2X7R using siRNA also suppressed the activation of NF-κB pathway in PMA-induced macrophages, but P2X7R-silenced cells did not significantly decrease the expression of TLR4 and MyD88. Conclusion: Curcumin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome through suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and P2X7R pathways in PMA-induced macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanqi Kong
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Bozhi Ye
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Division of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Cai
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanjun Huang
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Weijian Huang
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhouqing Huang
- The Key Lab of Cardiovascular Disease of Wenzhou, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhao Y, Yan L, Luo XM, Peng L, Guo H, Jing Z, Yang LC, Hu R, Wang X, Huang XF, Wang YQ, Jin X. A novel PPARα agonist propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide inhibits inflammation in THP-1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
35
|
Shirasuna K, Seno K, Ohtsu A, Shiratsuki S, Ohkuchi A, Suzuki H, Matsubara S, Nagayama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T. AGEs and HMGB1 Increase Inflammatory Cytokine Production from Human Placental Cells, Resulting in an Enhancement of Monocyte Migration. Am J Reprod Immunol 2016; 75:557-68. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohtsu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Shogo Shiratsuki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Hirotada Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Shiho Nagayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Tochigi Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction; Department of Agriculture; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Atsugi Kanagawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|