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Ji Q, Zheng Y, Zhou L, Chen F, Li W. Unveiling divergent treatment prognoses in IDHwt-GBM subtypes through multiomics clustering: a swift dual MRI-mRNA model for precise subtype prediction. J Transl Med 2024; 22:578. [PMID: 38890658 PMCID: PMC11186189 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IDH1-wildtype glioblastoma multiforme (IDHwt-GBM) is a highly heterogeneous and aggressive brain tumour characterised by a dismal prognosis and significant challenges in accurately predicting patient outcomes. To address these issues and personalise treatment approaches, we aimed to develop and validate robust multiomics molecular subtypes of IDHwt-GBM. Through this, we sought to uncover the distinct molecular signatures underlying these subtypes, paving the way for improved diagnosis and targeted therapy for this challenging disease. METHODS To identify stable molecular subtypes among 184 IDHwt-GBM patients from TCGA, we used the consensus clustering method to consolidate the results from ten advanced multiomics clustering approaches based on mRNA, lncRNA, and mutation data. We developed subtype prediction models using the PAM and machine learning algorithms based on mRNA and MRI data for enhanced clinical utility. These models were validated in five independent datasets, and an online interactive system was created. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the clinical impact, drug treatment response, and molecular associations of the IDHwt-GBM subtypes. RESULTS In the TCGA cohort, two molecular subtypes, class 1 and class 2, were identified through multiomics clustering of IDHwt-GBM patients. There was a significant difference in survival between Class 1 and Class 2 patients, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.68 [1.15-2.47]. This difference was validated in other datasets (CGGA: HR = 1.75[1.04, 2.94]; CPTAC: HR = 1.79[1.09-2.91]; GALSS: HR = 1.66[1.09-2.54]; UCSF: HR = 1.33[1.00-1.77]; UPENN HR = 1.29[1.04-1.58]). Additionally, class 2 was more sensitive to treatment with radiotherapy combined with temozolomide, and this sensitivity was validated in the GLASS cohort. Correspondingly, class 2 and class 1 exhibited significant differences in mutation patterns, enriched pathways, programmed cell death (PCD), and the tumour immune microenvironment. Class 2 had more mutation signatures associated with defective DNA mismatch repair (P = 0.0021). Enriched pathways of differentially expressed genes in class 1 and class 2 (P-adjust < 0.05) were mainly related to ferroptosis, the PD-1 checkpoint pathway, the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, and other programmed cell death and immune-related pathways. The different cell death modes and immune microenvironments were validated across multiple datasets. Finally, our developed survival prediction model, which integrates molecular subtypes, age, and sex, demonstrated clinical benefits based on the decision curve in the test set. We deployed the molecular subtyping prediction model and survival prediction model online, allowing interactive use and facilitating user convenience. CONCLUSIONS Molecular subtypes were identified and verified through multiomics clustering in IDHwt-GBM patients. These subtypes are linked to specific mutation patterns, the immune microenvironment, prognoses, and treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ji
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Cancer Center, China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhang W, Zhang L, Dong H, Peng H. TGIF2 is a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of glioma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356833. [PMID: 38629068 PMCID: PMC11020094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background TGFB-induced factor homeobox 2 (TGIF2), a member of the Three-Amino-acid-Loop-Extension (TALE) superfamily, has been implicated in various malignant tumors. However, its prognostic significance in glioma, impact on tumor immune infiltration, and underlying mechanisms in glioma development remain elusive. Methods The expression of TGIF2 in various human normal tissues, normal brain tissues, and gliomas was investigated using HPA, TCGA, GTEx, and GEO databases. The study employed several approaches, including Kaplan-Meier analysis, ROC analysis, logistic regression, Cox regression, GO analysis, KEGG analysis, and GSEA, to explore the relationship between TGIF2 expression and clinicopathologic features, prognostic value, and potential biological functions in glioma patients. The impact of TGIF2 on tumor immune infiltration was assessed through Estimate, ssGSEA, and Spearman analysis. Genes coexpressed with TGIF2 were identified, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of these coexpressed genes were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Hub genes were identified using CytoHubba plugin, and their clinical predictive value was explored. Furthermore, in vitro experiments were performed by knocking down and knocking out TGIF2 using siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and the role of TGIF2 in glioma cell invasion and migration was analyzed using transwell assay, scratch wound-healing assay, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. Results TGIF2 mRNA was found to be upregulated in 21 cancers, including glioma. High expression of TGIF2 was associated with malignant phenotypes and poor prognosis in glioma patients, indicating its potential as an independent prognostic factor. Furthermore, elevated TGIF2 expression positively correlated with cell cycle regulation, DNA synthesis and repair, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, immune response, and several signaling pathways that promote tumor progression. TGIF2 showed correlations with Th2 cells, macrophages, and various immunoregulatory genes. The hub genes coexpressed with TGIF2 demonstrated significant predictive value. Additionally, in vitro experiments revealed that knockdown and knockout of TGIF2 inhibited glioma cell invasion, migration and suppressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype. Conclusion TGIF2 emerges as a potential biomarker for glioma, possibly linked to tumor immune infiltration and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhang
- Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Bone and Joints Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hang Peng
- Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Chen X, Sun J, Li Y, Jiang W, Li Z, Mao J, Zhou L, Chen S, Tan G. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses illustrate the mechanisms of expression of the O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene in glioblastoma. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14415. [PMID: 37641495 PMCID: PMC10848106 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Glioblastoma (GBM) has been reported to be the most common high-grade primary malignant brain tumor in clinical practice and has a poor prognosis. O6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has been related to prolonged overall survival (OS) in GBM patients after temozolomide treatment. METHODS Proteomics and metabolomics were combined to explore the dysregulated metabolites and possible protein expression alterations in white matter (control group), MGMT promoter unmethylated GBM (GBM group) or MGMT promoter methylation positive GBM (MGMT group). RESULTS In total, 2745 upregulated and 969 downregulated proteins were identified in the GBM group compared to the control group, and 131 upregulated and 299 downregulated proteins were identified in the MGMT group compared to the GBM group. Furthermore, 131 upregulated and 299 downregulated metabolites were identified in the GBM group compared to the control group, and 187 upregulated and 147 downregulated metabolites were identified in the MGMT group compared to the GBM group. The results showed that 94 upregulated and 19 downregulated proteins and 20 upregulated and 16 downregulated metabolites in the MGMT group were associated with DNA repair. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis illustrated that the dysregulated proteins and metabolites were involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Moreover, integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis was performed, and six key proteins were identified in the MGMT group and GBM group. Three key pathways were recognized as potential biomarkers for recognizing MGMT promoter unmethylated GBM and MGMT promoter methylation positive GBM from GBM patient samples, with areas under the curve of 0.7895, 0.7326 and 0.7026, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides novel mechanisms to understand methylation in GBM and identifies some biomarkers for the prognosis of two different GBM types, MGMT promoter unmethylated or methylated GBM, by using metabolomics and proteomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jinli Sun
- Department of ReproductionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yukui Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Weichao Jiang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhangyu Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Jianyao Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Sifang Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Guowei Tan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Li A, Hancock JC, Quezado M, Ahn S, Briceno N, Celiku O, Ranjan S, Aboud O, Colwell N, Kim SA, Nduom E, Kuhn S, Park DM, Vera E, Aldape K, Armstrong TS, Gilbert MR. TGF-β and BMP signaling are associated with the transformation of glioblastoma to gliosarcoma and then osteosarcoma. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdad164. [PMID: 38292240 PMCID: PMC10825841 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gliosarcoma, an isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype (IDH-WT) variant of glioblastoma, is defined by clonal biphasic differentiation into gliomatous and sarcomatous components. While the transformation from a glioblastoma to gliosarcoma is uncommon, the subsequent transformation to osteosarcoma is rare but may provide additional insights into the biology of these typically distinct cancers. We observed a patient initially diagnosed with glioblastoma, that differentiated into gliosarcoma at recurrence, and further evolved to osteosarcoma at the second relapse. Our objective was to characterize the molecular mechanisms of tumor progression associated with this phenotypic transformation. Methods Tumor samples were collected at all 3 stages of disease and RNA sequencing was performed to capture their transcriptomic profiles. Sequential clonal evolution was confirmed by the maintenance of an identical PTEN mutation throughout the tumor differentiation using the TSO500 gene panel. Publicly available datasets and the Nanostring nCounter technology were used to validate the results. Results The glioblastoma tumor from this patient possessed mixed features of all 3 TCGA-defined transcriptomic subtypes of an IDH-WT glioblastoma and a proportion of osteosarcoma signatures were upregulated in the original tumor. Analysis showed that enhanced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein signaling was associated with tumor transformation. Regulatory network analysis revealed that TGF-β family signaling committed the lineage tumor to osteogenesis by stimulating the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone formation. Conclusions This unusual clinical case provided an opportunity to explore the modulators of longitudinal sarcomatous transformation, potentially uncovering markers indicating predisposition to this change and identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiguo Li
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John C Hancock
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susie Ahn
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicole Briceno
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Orieta Celiku
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Surabhi Ranjan
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Orwa Aboud
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nicole Colwell
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sun A Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edjah Nduom
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Skyler Kuhn
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vera
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ken Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terri S Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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La Torre D, Della Torre A, Lo Turco E, Longo P, Pugliese D, Lacroce P, Raudino G, Romano A, Lavano A, Tomasello F. Primary Intracranial Gliosarcoma: Is It Really a Variant of Glioblastoma? An Update of the Clinical, Radiological, and Biomolecular Characteristics. J Clin Med 2023; 13:83. [PMID: 38202090 PMCID: PMC10779593 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcomas (GS) are sporadic malignant tumors classified as a Glioblastoma (GBM) variant with IDH-wild type phenotype. It appears as a well-circumscribed lesion with a biphasic, glial, and metaplastic mesenchymal component. The current knowledge about GS comes from the limited literature. Furthermore, recent studies describe peculiar characteristics of GS, such as hypothesizing that it could be a clinical-pathological entity different from GBM. Here, we review radiological, biomolecular, and clinical data to describe the peculiar characteristics of PGS, treatment options, and outcomes in light of the most recent literature. A comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted for articles written in English focused on gliosarcoma until 2023. We include relevant data from a few case series and only a single meta-analysis. Recent evidence describes peculiar characteristics of PGS, suggesting that it might be a specific clinical-pathological entity different from GBM. This review facilitates our understanding of this rare malignant brain tumor. However, in the future we recommend multi-center studies and large-scale metanalyses to clarify the biomolecular pathways of PGS to develop new specific therapeutic protocols, different from conventional GBM therapy in light of the new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico La Torre
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Attilio Della Torre
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Erica Lo Turco
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Prospero Longo
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Dorotea Pugliese
- Humanitas, Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Catania, Italy; (D.P.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Paola Lacroce
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Raudino
- Humanitas, Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Catania, Italy; (D.P.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Alberto Romano
- Humanitas, Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Catania, Italy; (D.P.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Angelo Lavano
- Department of Medical and Surgery Sciences, School of Medicine, AOU “Renato Dulbecco”, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.D.T.); (P.L.); (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Francesco Tomasello
- Humanitas, Istituto Clinico Catanese, 95045 Catania, Italy; (D.P.); (G.R.); (A.R.); (F.T.)
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Chen J, He D, Guo G, Zhang K, Sheng W, Zhang Z. Pediatric gliosarcoma, a rare central nervous system tumor in children: Case report and literature review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21204. [PMID: 37954329 PMCID: PMC10637930 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant central nervous system tumor that accounts for 1%-8% of glioblastomas; it usually occurs in middle-aged and older adults between 40 and 60 years of age and is rare in children. We report an 11-year-old boy with right frontal lobe gliosarcoma who underwent aggressive gross total resection and postoperative radiotherapy, experienced recurrence and subsequently underwent a second operation. To better understand the disease and explore treatment options, we briefly report this case and review the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gengyin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenliang Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juxian People's Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Matute-González M, Mosteiro-Cadaval A, Vidal-Robau N, Páez-Carpio A, Valduvieco I, Pineda E, González JJ, Aldecoa I, Oleaga L. Clinicopathological and Neuroimaging Features of Primary Gliosarcoma: A Case Series and Review of Literature. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e480-e488. [PMID: 37516148 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliosarcoma (GS) is a rare primary high-grade brain neoplasm with a poor prognosis and challenging surgical resection. Although it is now considered a morphologic variant of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (World Health Organization Classification of Tumours 2021), GS may display peculiarities that hamper both surgical and oncological management. METHODS In this retrospective study, we searched our registry for histologically confirmed GS patients between 2006 and 2020. Cases were reviewed for clinical information, pathologic characteristics, imaging findings, management, and outcome. RESULTS 21 patients with histologically confirmed GS were identified with a median age of 62 years. Twelve were men and 9 women. The temporal lobe was the most common location (9 patients, 42.9%). Nineteen patients underwent surgical resection, and only 4 (19%) demonstrated gross total resection on postsurgical MRI, with an overall median survival of 7 months (range, 0.5-37). Diagnostic MRI demonstrated heterogenous lesions with necrotic-cystic areas and a ring-enhancement pattern. Only 1 case of extracranial extension was seen in our sample, and no patient showed distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS The rarity of primary GS and the absence of specific therapeutic guidelines represent a significant clinical challenge. Our study provides a comprehensive analysis of clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in a real-world patient cohort and compares our findings with the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Matute-González
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Nuria Vidal-Robau
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Páez-Carpio
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izaskun Valduvieco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Juan González
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iban Aldecoa
- Department of Pathology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank-IDIBAPS-FCRB, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Oleaga
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Teraiya M, Perreault H, Chen VC. An overview of glioblastoma multiforme and temozolomide resistance: can LC-MS-based proteomics reveal the fundamental mechanism of temozolomide resistance? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1166207. [PMID: 37182181 PMCID: PMC10169742 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1166207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary type of lethal brain tumor. Over the last two decades, temozolomide (TMZ) has remained the primary chemotherapy for GBM. However, TMZ resistance in GBM constitutes an underlying factor contributing to high rates of mortality. Despite intense efforts to understand the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance, there is currently a poor understanding of the molecular processes of drug resistance. For TMZ, several mechanisms linked to therapeutic resistance have been proposed. In the past decade, significant progress in the field of mass spectrometry-based proteomics has been made. This review article discusses the molecular drivers of GBM, within the context of TMZ resistance with a particular emphasis on the potential benefits and insights of using global proteomic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Teraiya
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Helene Perreault
- Chemistry Department, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vincent C. Chen
- Chemistry Department, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, Canada
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Fito-Lopez B, Salvadores M, Alvarez MM, Supek F. Prevalence, causes and impact of TP53-loss phenocopying events in human tumors. BMC Biol 2023; 21:92. [PMID: 37095494 PMCID: PMC10127307 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TP53 is a master tumor suppressor gene, mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. Given the many regulatory roles of the corresponding p53 protein, it is possible to infer loss of p53 activity - which may occur due to alterations in trans - from gene expression patterns. Several such alterations that phenocopy p53 loss are known, however additional ones may exist, but their identity and prevalence among human tumors are not well characterized. RESULTS We perform a large-scale statistical analysis on transcriptomes of ~ 7,000 tumors and ~ 1,000 cell lines, estimating that 12% and 8% of tumors and cancer cell lines, respectively, phenocopy TP53 loss: they are likely deficient in the activity of the p53 pathway, while not bearing obvious TP53 inactivating mutations. While some of these cases are explained by amplifications in the known phenocopying genes MDM2, MDM4 and PPM1D, many are not. An association analysis of cancer genomic scores jointly with CRISPR/RNAi genetic screening data identified an additional common TP53-loss phenocopying gene, USP28. Deletions in USP28 are associated with a TP53 functional impairment in 2.9-7.6% of breast, bladder, lung, liver and stomach tumors, and have comparable effect size to MDM4 amplifications. Additionally, in the known copy number alteration (CNA) segment harboring MDM2, we identify an additional co-amplified gene (CNOT2) that may cooperatively boost the TP53 functional inactivation effect of MDM2. An analysis of cancer cell line drug screens using phenocopy scores suggests that TP53 (in)activity commonly modulates associations between anticancer drug effects and various genetic markers, such as PIK3CA and PTEN mutations, and should thus be considered as a drug activity modifying factor in precision medicine. As a resource, we provide the drug-genetic marker associations that differ depending on TP53 functional status. CONCLUSIONS Human tumors that do not bear obvious TP53 genetic alterations but that phenocopy p53 activity loss are common, and the USP28 gene deletions are one likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fito-Lopez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Salvadores
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Martin Alvarez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fran Supek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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Luo M, Yang J, Sun J, Wang F, Chai X. Primary gliosarcoma with widespread extracranial metastases—spatiotemporal morphological variation. Chin Neurosurg J 2022; 8:20. [PMID: 35932030 PMCID: PMC9354287 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-022-00285-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We summarize 5 cases of primary gliosarcoma with widespread extracranial metastases including our case. The glial components are eliminated due to the needs of the living environment in the process of parasitism and survival of brain glioma-sarcoma cells in lung metastasis.
Methods
A PubMed search using the keywords “gliosarcoma” and “extracranial metastases” was performed followed by a review of cited literature. Our case was a 50-year-old female presented with headache and dizziness. MRI examination showed that there was a cystic solid tumor in the right temporal lobe. The tumor was removed totally. Seven months after the operation, the patient suffered recurrent intermittent headache. The resection for the recurrent tumor was performed. Postoperative pathology confirmed the recurrent gliosarcoma. A needle biopsy was performed for the nodular on the right lung. The lung tumor pathology suggested a sarcoma structure.
Results
There was a female patient in five cases. The age range is 47 to 69 years old. The tumor recurred within a year. A combination of treatment modalities may extend survival; however, the prognosis remains poor.
Conclusion
Primary gliosarcoma with extracranial metastases is extremely rare. Some findings uncovered an unexpected spatiotemporal morphological variation in the different foci of the same malignancy.
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11
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Gliosarcoma: The Distinct Genomic Alterations Identified by Comprehensive Analysis of Copy Number Variations. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2022; 2022:2376288. [PMID: 35757013 PMCID: PMC9226978 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2376288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma (GSM), a histologic variant of glioblastoma (GBM), carries a poor prognosis with less than one year of median survival. Though GSM is similar with GBM in most clinical and pathological symptoms, GBM has unique molecular and histological features. However, as the rarity of GSM samples, the genetic information of this tumor is still lacking. Here, we take a comprehensive analysis of DNA copy number variations (CNV) in GBM and GSM. Whole genome sequencing was performed on 21 cases of GBM and 15 cases of GSM. CNVKIT is used for CNV calling. Our data showed that chromosomes 7, 8, 9, and 10 were the regions where CNV frequently happened in both GBM and GSM. There was a distinct CNV signal in chromosome 2 especially in GSM. The pathway enrichment of genes with CNV was suggested that the GBM and GSM shared the similar mechanism of tumor development. However, the CNV of some screened genes displayed a disparate form between GBM and GSM, such as AMP, BEND2, HDAC6, FOXP3, ZBTB33, TFE3, and VEGFD. It meant that GSM was a distinct subgroup possessing typical biomarkers. The pathways and copy number alterations detected in this study may represent key drivers in gliosarcoma oncogenesis and may provide a starting point toward targeted oncologic analysis with therapeutic potential.
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12
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Chen L, Sun T, Li J, Zhao Y. Identification of hub genes and biological pathways in glioma via integrated bioinformatics analysis. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221103976. [PMID: 35676807 PMCID: PMC9189557 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma is the most common intracranial primary malignancy, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. METHODS We integrated four eligible glioma microarray datasets from the gene expression omnibus database using the robust rank aggregation method to identify a group of significantly differently expressed genes (DEGs) between glioma and normal samples. We used these DEGs to explore key genes closely associated with glioma survival through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. We then constructed validations of prognosis and survival analyses for the key genes via multiple databases. We also explored their potential biological functions using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). RESULTS We selected DLGAP5, CDCA8, NCAPH, and CCNB2, as four genes that were abnormally up-regulated in glioma samples, for verification. They showed high levels of isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutation and tumor grades, as well as good prognostic and diagnostic value for glioma. Their methylation levels were generally lower in glioma samples. GSEA and GSVA analyses suggested the genes were closely involved with glioma proliferation. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of glioma. The hub genes have the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yongxuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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13
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Butera G, Manfredi M, Fiore A, Brandi J, Pacchiana R, De Giorgis V, Barberis E, Vanella V, Galasso M, Scupoli MT, Marengo E, Cecconi D, Donadelli M. Tumor Suppressor Role of Wild-Type P53-Dependent Secretome and Its Proteomic Identification in PDAC. Biomolecules 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35204804 PMCID: PMC8869417 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the cancer secretome is gaining even more importance in cancers such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose lack of recognizable symptoms and early detection assays make this type of cancer highly lethal. The wild-type p53 protein, frequently mutated in PDAC, prevents tumorigenesis by regulating a plethora of signaling pathways. The importance of the p53 tumor suppressive activity is not only primarily involved within cells to limit tumor cell proliferation but also in the extracellular space. Thus, loss of p53 has a profound impact on the secretome composition of cancer cells and marks the transition to invasiveness. Here, we demonstrate the tumor suppressive role of wild-type p53 on cancer cell secretome, showing the anti-proliferative, apoptotic and chemosensitivity effects of wild-type p53 driven conditioned medium. By using high-resolution SWATH-MS technology, we characterized the secretomes of p53-deficient and p53-expressing PDAC cells. We found a great number of secreted proteins that have known roles in cancer-related processes, 30 of which showed enhanced and 17 reduced secretion in response to p53 silencing. These results are important to advance our understanding on the link between wt-p53 and cancer microenvironment. In conclusion, this approach may detect a secreted signature specifically driven by wild-type p53 in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fiore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Veronica De Giorgis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Elettra Barberis
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Virginia Vanella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.G.); (E.B.); (V.V.)
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Marilisa Galasso
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
- Research Center LURM, Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (A.F.); (R.P.); (M.G.); (M.T.S.)
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14
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p53 Signaling on Microenvironment and Its Contribution to Tissue Chemoresistance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020202. [PMID: 35207121 PMCID: PMC8877489 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance persists as a significant, unresolved clinical challenge in many cancer types. The tumor microenvironment, in which cancer cells reside and interact with non-cancer cells and tissue structures, has a known role in promoting every aspect of tumor progression, including chemoresistance. However, the molecular determinants of microenvironment-driven chemoresistance are mainly unknown. In this review, we propose that the TP53 tumor suppressor, found mutant in over half of human cancers, is a crucial regulator of cancer cell-microenvironment crosstalk and a prime candidate for the investigation of microenvironment-specific modulators of chemoresistance. Wild-type p53 controls the secretion of factors that inhibit the tumor microenvironment, whereas altered secretion or mutant p53 interfere with p53 function to promote chemoresistance. We highlight resistance mechanisms promoted by mutant p53 and enforced by the microenvironment, such as extracellular matrix remodeling and adaptation to hypoxia. Alterations of wild-type p53 extracellular function may create a cascade of spatial amplification loops in the tumor tissue that can influence cellular behavior far from the initial oncogenic mutation. We discuss the concept of chemoresistance as a multicellular/tissue-level process rather than intrinsically cellular. Targeting p53-dependent crosstalk mechanisms between cancer cells and components of the tumor environment might disrupt the waves of chemoresistance that spread across the tumor tissue, increasing the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents.
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15
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Benoit A, Bou-Petit E, Chou H, Lu M, Guilbert C, Luo VM, Assouline S, Morin RD, Dmitrienko S, Estrada-Tejedor R, Johnson NA, Mann KK. Mutated RAS-associating proteins and ERK activation in relapse/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:779. [PMID: 35039569 PMCID: PMC8764096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is successfully treated with combination immuno-chemotherapy, but relapse with resistant disease occurs in ~ 40% of patients. However, little is known regarding relapsed/refractory DLBCL (rrDLBCL) genetics and alternative therapies. Based on findings from other tumors, we hypothesized that RAS-MEK-ERK signaling would be upregulated in resistant tumors, potentially correlating with mutations in RAS, RAF, or associated proteins. We analyzed mutations and phospho-ERK levels in tumor samples from rrDLBCL patients. Unlike other tumor types, rrDLBCL is not mutated in any Ras or Raf family members, despite having increased expression of p-ERK. In paired biopsies comparing diagnostic and relapsed specimens, 33% of tumors gained p-ERK expression, suggesting a role in promoting survival. We did find mutations in several Ras-associating proteins, including GEFs, GAPs, and downstream effectors that could account for increased ERK activation. We further investigated mutations in one such protein, RASGRP4. In silico modeling indicated an increased interaction between H-Ras and mutant RASGRP4. In cell lines, mutant RASGRP4 increased basal p-ERK expression and lead to a growth advantage in colony forming assays when challenged with doxorubicin. Relapsed/refractory DLBCL is often associated with increased survival signals downstream of ERK, potentially corresponding with mutations in protein controlling RAS/MEK/ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benoit
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Bou-Petit
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hsiang Chou
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Melissa Lu
- Université de Montréal-Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cynthia Guilbert
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Vincent Mingyi Luo
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ryan D Morin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Svetlana Dmitrienko
- Division of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Roger Estrada-Tejedor
- Grup de Química Farmacèutica, IQS School of Engineering, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Koren K Mann
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada. .,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Gandhi P, Khare R, Garg N, Mishra J. Can a signature molecular-profile define disparate survival in BRAF-positive Gliosarcoma and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention? J Cancer Res Ther 2022; 18:224-230. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1900_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Reed MR, Lyle AG, De Loose A, Maddukuri L, Learned K, Beale HC, Kephart ET, Cheney A, van den Bout A, Lee MP, Hundley KN, Smith AM, DesRochers TM, Vibat CRT, Gokden M, Salama S, Wardell CP, Eoff RL, Vaske OM, Rodriguez A. A Functional Precision Medicine Pipeline Combines Comparative Transcriptomics and Tumor Organoid Modeling to Identify Bespoke Treatment Strategies for Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123400. [PMID: 34943910 PMCID: PMC8699481 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Li Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome caused by germline mutations in TP53. TP53 is the most common mutated gene in human cancer, occurring in 30-50% of glioblastomas (GBM). Here, we highlight a precision medicine platform to identify potential targets for a GBM patient with LFS. We used a comparative transcriptomics approach to identify genes that are uniquely overexpressed in the LFS GBM patient relative to a cancer compendium of 12,747 tumor RNA sequencing data sets, including 200 GBMs. STAT1 and STAT2 were identified as being significantly overexpressed in the LFS patient, indicating ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase 1 and 2 inhibitors, as a potential therapy. The LFS patient had the highest level of STAT1 and STAT2 expression in an institutional high-grade glioma cohort of 45 patients, further supporting the cancer compendium results. To empirically validate the comparative transcriptomics pipeline, we used a combination of adherent and organoid cell culture techniques, including ex vivo patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from four patient-derived cell lines, including the LFS patient. STAT1 and STAT2 expression levels in the four patient-derived cells correlated with levels identified in the respective parent tumors. In both adherent and organoid cultures, cells from the LFS patient were among the most sensitive to ruxolitinib compared to patient-derived cells with lower STAT1 and STAT2 expression levels. A spheroid-based drug screening assay (3D-PREDICT) was performed and used to identify further therapeutic targets. Two targeted therapies were selected for the patient of interest and resulted in radiographic disease stability. This manuscript supports the use of comparative transcriptomics to identify personalized therapeutic targets in a functional precision medicine platform for malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R. Reed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.R.R.); (L.M.); (R.L.E.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.); (K.N.H.)
| | - A. Geoffrey Lyle
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Annick De Loose
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Leena Maddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.R.R.); (L.M.); (R.L.E.)
| | - Katrina Learned
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Holly C. Beale
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Ellen T. Kephart
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Allison Cheney
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Anouk van den Bout
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
- UC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (K.L.); (E.T.K.)
| | - Madison P. Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Kelsey N. Hundley
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.); (K.N.H.)
| | - Ashley M. Smith
- KIYATEC Inc., Greenville, SC 29605, USA; (A.M.S.); (T.M.D.); (C.R.T.V.)
| | | | | | - Murat Gokden
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Sofie Salama
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christopher P. Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Robert L. Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.R.R.); (L.M.); (R.L.E.)
| | - Olena M. Vaske
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; (A.G.L.); (H.C.B.); (A.C.); (A.v.d.B.); (S.S.); (O.M.V.)
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (A.D.L.); (M.P.L.); (K.N.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-501-686-8078; Fax: +1-501-686-8767
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18
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Zhang X, Katsakhyan L, LiVolsi VA, Roth JJ, Rassekh CH, Bagley SJ, Nasrallah MP. TP53 Mutation and Extraneural Metastasis of Glioblastoma: Insights From an Institutional Experience and Comprehensive Literature Review. Am J Surg Pathol 2021; 45:1516-1526. [PMID: 34366423 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extraneural metastases of glioblastoma (GBM), although rare, are becoming an increasingly recognized occurrence. Currently, the biological mechanism underlying this rare occurrence is not understood. To explore the potential genomic drivers of extraneural metastasis in GBM, we present the molecular features of 4 extraneural metastatic GBMs, along with a comprehensive review and analysis of previously reported cases that had available molecular characterization. In addition to our 4 cases, 42 patients from 35 publications are reviewed. To compare the molecular profiles between GBM cases with extraneural metastasis and the general GBM population, genomic data from GBM samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were also analyzed. We found that 64.5% (20/31) of the cases with extraneural metastasis that were tested for TP53 changes had at least 1 TP53 pathogenic variant detected in either 1 or both primary and metastatic tumors. In contrast, TP53 mutation was significantly less frequent in the unselected GBM from TCGA (22.6%, 56/248) (P=0.000). In addition, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation was more common in unselected TCGA GBM cases (48.6%, 170/350) than in cases with extraneural metastasis (31.8%, 7/22), although not statistically significant. Although isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation is a rare occurrence in high-grade astrocytomas, IDH-mutant grade 4 astrocytomas are at least as likely to metastasize as IDH wild-type GBMs; 3 metastatic cases definitively harbored an IDH1 (p.R132H) mutation in our analysis. Our findings not only provide potential biomarkers for earlier screening of extraneural metastasis, but could also suggest clues to understanding biological mechanisms underlying GBM metastasis, and for the development of therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J Bagley
- Hematology Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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19
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Zhu G, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Liu F. Targeting Tumor-Associated Antigen: A Promising CAR-T Therapeutic Strategy for Glioblastoma Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661606. [PMID: 34248623 PMCID: PMC8264285 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy is a prospective therapeutic strategy for blood cancers tumor, especially leukemia, but it is not effective for solid tumors. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly immunosuppressive and deadly malignant tumor with poor responses to immunotherapies. Although CAR-T therapeutic strategies were used for glioma in preclinical trials, the current proliferation activity of CAR-T is not sufficient, and malignant glioma usually recruit immunosuppressive cells to form a tumor microenvironment that hinders CAR-T infiltration, depletes CAR-T, and impairs their efficacy. Moreover, specific environments such as hypoxia and nutritional deficiency can hinder the killing effect of CAR-T, limiting their therapeutic effect. The normal brain lack lymphocytes, but CAR-T usually can recognize specific antigens and regulate the tumor immune microenvironment to increase and decrease pro- and anti-inflammatory factors, respectively. This increases the number of T cells and ultimately enhances anti-tumor effects. CAR-T therapy has become an indispensable modality for glioma due to the specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). This review describes the characteristics of CAR-T specific antigen recognition and changing tumor immune microenvironment, as well as ongoing research into CAR-T therapy targeting TAAs in GBM and their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guidong Zhu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China.,Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
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Dardis C, Donner D, Sanai N, Xiu J, Mittal S, Michelhaugh SK, Pandey M, Kesari S, Heimberger AB, Gatalica Z, Korn MW, Sumrall AL, Phuphanich S. Gliosarcoma vs. glioblastoma: a retrospective case series using molecular profiling. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:231. [PMID: 34162346 PMCID: PMC8220715 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliosarcoma (GS) refers to the presence of mesenchymal differentiation (as seen using light microscopy) in the setting of glioblastoma (GB, an astrocytoma, WHO Grade 4). Although the same approach to treatment is typically adopted for GS and GB, there remains some debate as to whether GS should be considered a discrete pathological entity. Differences between these tumors have not been clearly established at the molecular level. Methods Patients with GS (n=48) or GB (n=1229) underwent molecular profiling (MP) with a pan-cancer panel of tests as part of their clinical care. The methods employed included next-generation sequencing (NGS) of DNA and RNA, copy number variation (CNV) of DNA and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The MP comprised 1153 tests in total, although results for each test were not available for every tumor profiled. We analyzed this data retrospectively in order to determine if our results were in keeping with what is known about the pathogenesis of GS by contrast with GB. We also sought novel associations between the MP and GS vs. GB which might improve our understanding of pathogenesis of GS. Results Potentially meaningful associations (p<0.1, Fisher’s exact test (FET)) were found for 14 of these tests in GS vs. GB. A novel finding was higher levels of proteins mediating immuno-evasion (PD-1, PD-L1) in GS. All of the differences we observed have been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in other tumor types. Many of the changes we saw in GS are novel in the setting of glial tumors, including copy number amplification in LYL1 and mutations in PTPN11. Conclusions GS shows certain characteristics of EMT, by contrast with GB. Treatments targeting immuno-evasion may be of greater therapeutic value in GS relative to GB. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1186/s12883-021-02233-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dardis
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - David Donner
- School of Medicine, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joanne Xiu
- Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sandeep Mittal
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Sharon K Michelhaugh
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Manjari Pandey
- Department of Medical Oncology, West Cancer Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Department of Translational Neurosciences and Neurotherapeutics, John Wayne Cancer Institute, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Simpson Querry Biomedical Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zoran Gatalica
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael W Korn
- Precision Oncology Alliance, Caris Life Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ashley L Sumrall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Surasak Phuphanich
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Xu L, Xie X, Shi X, Zhang P, Liu A, Wang J, Zhang B. Potential application of genomic profiling for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with sarcoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:353. [PMID: 33747210 PMCID: PMC7967939 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal malignancies arising at various locations in the soft tissue and bone. Though a rare disease, sarcoma affects ~200,000 patients worldwide every year. The prognosis of patients with sarcoma is poor, and targeted therapy options are limited; therefore, accurate diagnosis and classification are essential for effective treatment. Sarcoma samples were acquired from 199 patients, in which TP53 (39.70%, 79/199), CDKN2A (19.10%, 38/199), CDKN2B (15.08%, 30/199), KIT (14.07%, 28/199), ATRX (10.05%, 20/199) and RB1 (10.05%, 20/199) were identified as the most commonly mutated genes (>10% incidence). Among 64 soft-tissue sarcomas that were unclassified by immunohistochemistry, 15 (23.44%, 15/64) were subsequently classified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). For the most part, the sarcoma subtypes were evenly distributed between male and female patients, while a significant association with sex was detected in leiomyosarcomas. Statistical analysis showed that osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and liposarcoma were all significantly associated with the patient age, and that angiosarcoma was significantly associated with high tumor mutational burden. Furthermore, serially mutated genes associated with myxofibrosarcoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, osteosarcoma, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma were identified, as well as neurotrophic tropomyosin-related kinase (NTRK) fusions of IRF2BP2-NTRK1, MEF2A-NTRK3 and ITFG1-NTRK3. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that NGS-targeting provides potential new biomarkers for sarcoma diagnosis, and may guide more precise therapeutic strategies for patients with bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xianbiao Xie
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | | | - Peng Zhang
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Angen Liu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201114, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a variant of glioblastoma with equally poor prognosis and characterized by mixed glial and mesenchymal pathology. Metastasis is not uncommon but the involvement of the spinal cord is rare, and comprehensive genetic characterization of spinal gliosarcoma is lacking. We describe a patient initially diagnosed with a low-grade brain glioma via biopsy, followed by adjuvant radiation and temozolomide treatment. Nearly 2 years after diagnosis, she developed neurological deficits from an intradural, extramedullary tumor anterior to the spinal cord at T4, which was resected and diagnosed as gliosarcoma. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) of this tumor revealed a hypermutated phenotype, characterized by somatic mutations in key DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway genes, an abundance of C>T transitions within the identified somatic single nucleotide variations, and microsatellite stability, together consistent with temozolomide-mediated hypermutagenesis. This is the first report of a hypermutator phenotype in gliosarcoma, which may represent a novel genomic mechanism of progression from lower grade glioma.
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Milanese JS, Tibiche C, Zaman N, Zou J, Han P, Meng Z, Nantel A, Droit A, Wang E. ETumorMetastasis: A Network-based Algorithm Predicts Clinical Outcomes Using Whole-exome Sequencing Data of Cancer Patients. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:973-985. [PMID: 33581336 PMCID: PMC9402585 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Continual reduction in sequencing cost is expanding the accessibility of genome sequencing data for routine clinical applications. However, the lack of methods to construct machine learning-based predictive models using these datasets has become a crucial bottleneck for the application of sequencing technology in clinics. Here, we develop a new algorithm, eTumorMetastasis, which transforms tumor functional mutations into network-based profiles and identifies network operational gene (NOG) signatures. NOG signatures model the tipping point at which a tumor cell shifts from a state that doesn’t favor recurrence to one that does. We show that NOG signatures derived from genomic mutations of tumor founding clones (i.e., the ‘most recent common ancestor’ of the cells within a tumor) significantly distinguish the recurred and non-recurred breast tumors as well as outperform the most popular genomic test (i.e., Oncotype DX). These results imply that mutations of the tumor founding clones are associated with tumor recurrence and can be used to predict clinical outcomes. As such, predictive tools could be used in clinics to guide treatment routes. Finally, the concepts underlying the eTumorMetastasis pave the way for the application of genome sequencing in predictions for other complex genetic diseases. eTumorMetastasis pseudocode and related data used in this study are available at https://github.com/WangEdwinLab/eTumorMetastasis.
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24
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Yoon SJ, Son HY, Shim JK, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Teo WY, Kim SH, Park SW, Huh YM, Kang SG. Co-expression of cancer driver genes: IDH-wildtype glioblastoma-derived tumorspheres. J Transl Med 2020; 18:482. [PMID: 33317554 PMCID: PMC7734785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driver genes of GBM may be crucial for the onset of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype (WT) glioblastoma (GBM). However, it is still unknown whether the genes are expressed in the identical cluster of cells. Here, we have examined the gene expression patterns of GBM tissues and patient-derived tumorspheres (TSs) and aimed to find a progression-related gene. METHODS We retrospectively collected primary IDH-WT GBM tissue samples (n = 58) and tumor-free cortical tissue samples (control, n = 20). TSs are isolated from the IDH-WT GBM tissue with B27 neurobasal medium. Associations among the driver genes were explored in the bulk tissue, bulk cell, and a single cell RNAsequencing techniques (scRNAseq) considering the alteration status of TP53, PTEN, EGFR, and TERT promoter as well as MGMT promoter methylation. Transcriptomic perturbation by temozolomide (TMZ) was examined in the two TSs. RESULTS We comprehensively compared the gene expression of the known driver genes as well as MGMT, PTPRZ1, or IDH1. Bulk RNAseq databases of the primary GBM tissue revealed a significant association between TERT and TP53 (p < 0.001, R = 0.28) and its association increased in the recurrent tumor (p < 0.001, R = 0.86). TSs reflected the tissue-level patterns of association between the two genes (p < 0.01, R = 0.59, n = 20). A scRNAseq data of a TS revealed the TERT and TP53 expressing cells are in a same single cell cluster. The driver-enriched cluster dominantly expressed the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs. Most of the driver-associated genes were downregulated after TMZ except IGFBP5. CONCLUSIONS GBM tissue level expression patterns of EGFR, TERT, PTEN, IDH1, PTPRZ1, and MGMT are observed in the GBM TSs. The driver gene-associated cluster of the GBM single cells were enriched with the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
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de Macedo Filho LJM, Barreto EG, Martins PLB, Filho ENS, Gerson G, de Albuquerque LAF. IDH1-mutant primary intraventricular gliosarcoma: Case report and systematic review of a rare location and molecular profile. Surg Neurol Int 2020; 11:372. [PMID: 33408906 PMCID: PMC7771479 DOI: 10.25259/sni_586_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Gliosarcoma (GS) is classified as an IDH-wild-type variant of glioblastoma (GBM). While GS is already an unusual presentation of GBM, IDH1-mutant cases are especially rare. We present an IDH1-mutant primary intraventricular GS case report and a systematic review of the molecular profile in GS correlating to the prognostic and pathogenesis of IDH1/2 mutations. Case Description: A 44-years-old man presented with ongoing fatigue symptoms and a new-onset intense occipital headache. The patient complained of memory loss, dyscalculia, and concentration difficulties. An MRI revealed a bihemispheric intraventricular mass crossing the midline through the corpus callosum and infiltrating the trigone of the lateral ventricles, hypointense, and hyperintense on the T1- and T2-weighted image. We performed a microsurgical resection with a transparietal transsulcal approach; however, the contralateral mass was attached to vascular structures and we decided to reoperate the patient in another moment. The histopathological study showed a Grade IV tumor and the immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of GS. The patient presented progressive neurologic decline and died 45 days after the surgical approach. Conclusion: We did two systematic reviews studies from PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases, and included molecular and intraventricular studies of GS. We performed further meta-analysis using OpenMetaAnalyst™ software. We conducted a forest plot with the molecular profile of GS. When correlated IDH1 mutation versus tp53 mutation, we found an odds ratio (OR) of 0.018 (0.005–0.064) and P < 0.001. Moreover, we compared IDH1 mutation versus MGMT methylation (P = 0.006; OR = 0.138 [0.034–0.562]). The studies evaluating the molecular profile in GS prognostics are often extended from all GBMs despite specifics GBM variants (i.e., GS). We found a correlation between IDH1 mutation expression with tp53 and MGMT expression in GS, and future studies exploring this molecular profile in GS are strongly encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gunter Gerson
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil
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26
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Butera G, Brandi J, Cavallini C, Scarpa A, Lawlor RT, Scupoli MT, Marengo E, Cecconi D, Manfredi M, Donadelli M. The Mutant p53-Driven Secretome Has Oncogenic Functions in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060884. [PMID: 32526853 PMCID: PMC7356389 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cancer secretome is a rich repository of useful information for both cancer biology and clinical oncology. A better understanding of cancer secretome is particularly relevant for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose extremely high mortality rate is mainly due to early metastasis, resistance to conventional treatments, lack of recognizable symptoms, and assays for early detection. TP53 gene is a master transcriptional regulator controlling several key cellular pathways and it is mutated in ~75% of PDACs. We report the functional effect of the hot-spot p53 mutant isoforms R175H and R273H on cancer cell secretome, showing their influence on proliferation, chemoresistance, apoptosis, and autophagy, as well as cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We compared the secretome of p53-null AsPC-1 PDAC cells after ectopic over-expression of R175H-mutp53 or R273H-mutp53 to identify the differentially secreted proteins by mutant p53. By using high-resolution SWATH-MS technology, we found a great number of differentially secreted proteins by the two p53 mutants, 15 of which are common to both mutants. Most of these secreted proteins are reported to promote cancer progression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and might constitute a biomarker secreted signature that is driven by the hot-spot p53 mutants in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (M.T.S.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Chiara Cavallini
- Research Center LURM (Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Rita T. Lawlor
- ARC-Net Centre for Applied Research on Cancer, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (M.T.S.)
- Research Center LURM (Interdepartmental Laboratory of Medical Research), University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Emílio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy, ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (J.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy, ISALIT, Spin-off at the University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy, CAAD, corso Trieste 15/A, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-032-1660810 (M.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.); Fax: +39-045-8027170 (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.B.); (M.T.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (M.D.); Tel.: +39-032-1660810 (M.M.); +39-045-8027281 (M.D.); Fax: +39-045-8027170 (M.D.)
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27
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Zhou X, Niu X, Mao Q, Liu Y. Clinical Significance of Various Classification Standards of Age Groups in Predicting Survival of Patients with Glioblastoma. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920627. [PMID: 32471970 PMCID: PMC7282532 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study aimed to assess the association of various age groups with survival in patients with glioblastoma. Material/Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to extracted data on new diagnoses of glioblastoma between 2005 and 2015. Four age models were constructed according to the age at diagnosis. Results A total of 28 734 patients with glioblastoma (16 823 men and 11 911 women) were enrolled in the study. In multivariate analysis, variables including sex, race, tumor, and clinical information were identified as confounding factors to adjust 4 age models. In model 1, ages 39–58, 59–78, and 79+ years were risk factors of survival compared with age 0–18 years. In model 2, ages 18–65, 66–79, and 80+ years were prognostic factors of shorter survival compared with ages 0–17 years. In model 3, ages 45–59, 60–74, and 75+ years were associated with poor prognosis, while ages 18–44 years was associated with favorable clinical outcomes compared with ages 0–17 years. In model 4, ages 18–53, 54–64, and 65+ years were associated with poor prognosis. Conclusions The differences in prognoses in different age groups of glioblastoma patients suggest that clinicians should incorporate age into routine clinical assessments and develop appropriate treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaodong Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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Zhang Y, Ma JP, Weng JC, Wang L, Wu Z, Li D, Zhang JT. The clinical, radiological, and immunohistochemical characteristics and outcomes of primary intracranial gliosarcoma: a retrospective single-centre study. Neurosurg Rev 2020; 44:1003-1015. [PMID: 32189095 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-020-01285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Primary intracranial gliosarcoma is a rare malignant brain tumour, and the most effective treatment for gliosarcoma remains unclear. This study aimed to identify risk factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in these cases. This retrospective single-centre study evaluated 103 patients (median age, 51 years; 67 men [65%]) with primary intracranial gliosarcoma between 2006 and 2017. Treatments included surgery (GTR, 63 patients; STR, 39 patients; biopsy, 1 patient), radiotherapy (adjuvant, 76 patients; exclusive treatment, 1 patient), and chemotherapy (adjuvant temozolomide, 52 patients; adjuvant nimustine/teniposide, 19 patients; adjuvant bevacizumab, 1 patient; exclusive nimustine/teniposide treatment, 1 patient). The median OS was 13.3 months, and the median PFS was 9.1 months. In the multivariate analyses, the poor prognostic factors were ependymal lining enhancement of the lateral ventricle (PFS, HR 2.406, p = 0.005; OS, HR 2.946, p = 0.009) and enhancement in the motor functional cortex (PFS, HR 2.892, p = 0.002; OS, HR 2.639, p = 0.009). Good OS was predicted by adjuvant radiotherapy alone (HR 0.071, p < 0.001), adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy alone (HR 0.063, p = 0.005), adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy (HR 0.056, p < 0.001), and salvage surgery at recurrence (HR 0.449, p = 0.031). The present study revealed that, in patients with primary intracranial gliosarcoma, enhancement in the functional motor cortex and ependymal lining enhancement of the lateral ventricle were both poor prognostic factors. Survival was optimized in cases treated using maximal safe resection followed by adjuvant temozolomide-based chemotherapy with concurrent radiotherapy. Furthermore, salvage surgery provided meaningful therapeutic benefits for recurrent gliosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jun-Peng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jian-Cong Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
| | - Jun-Ting Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Centre for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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Yoo SK, Song YS, Park YJ, Seo JS. Recent Improvements in Genomic and Transcriptomic Understanding of Anaplastic and Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Cancers. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:44-54. [PMID: 32207263 PMCID: PMC7090308 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.35.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a lethal human cancer with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Recently, its genomic and transcriptomic characteristics have been extensively elucidated over 5 years owing to advance in high throughput sequencing. These efforts have extended molecular understandings into the progression mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerabilities of aggressive thyroid cancers. In this review, we provide an overview of genomic and transcriptomic alterations in ATC and poorly-differentiated thyroid cancer, which are distinguished from differentiated thyroid cancers. Clinically relevant genomic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways will be able to shed light on more effective prevention and stratified therapeutic interventions for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Keun Yoo
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Young Shin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jeong Sun Seo
- Precision Medicine Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Gong-Wu Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Korea.
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Hu B, Li X, Chen L, Liu Z. High Expression of CARM1 Inhibits Lung Cancer Progression by Targeting TP53 by Regulating CTNNB1. Lung 2020; 198:415-422. [PMID: 32034480 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-020-00324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of CARM1 in lung cancer (LC) and its relationship with TP53 and CTNNB1. METHODS Lung cells H1299 and PC14 were randomly divided into six groups: ov-H1299, si-H1299, ov-PC14, si-PC14, Con-H1299, and Con-PC14. Transwell assay, plate clone formation assay, and flow cytometry were used to determine the migration, clone formation capacity, and apoptosis situation of LC cells in the six groups, respectively. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expression of CARM1, TP53, and CTNNB1 in the six groups. CHIP assay was applied to analyze the combined characteristics of JUN and TP53 promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to analyze the interaction between TP53 and CARM1/CTNNB1. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the relevance between the expression of CARM1 and clinicopathological information of the patient. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to determine the relevance between CARM1 and patient survival. RESULTS High expression of CARM1 inhibits the migration and proliferation of LC cells and promoted the apoptosis of LC cell. Overexpression of CARM1 promotes the expression of CARM1 and TP53, while decreases CTNNB1 expression. CARM1 supplementation of H1299 cells induced JUN aggregation on the TP53 promoter. TP53 and CARM1 protein/TP53 and CTNNB1 protein in H1299 cells were immunoprecipitated together. High expression of CARM1was negatively correlated with the degree of tumor metastasis. The survival period of patients with high expression CARM1 was greater than that of low expression. CONCLUSION Overexpression of CARM1 may inhibit the progression of LC by targeting TP53 via regulation CTNNB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Minhang TCM Hospital (Shanghai Minhang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 3071 HeChuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 725 Wanping South Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhoushan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), No. 355 Xinqiao Road, Dinghai District, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang, China.
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The Coexistence of Gliosarcoma and Arteriovenous Malformation with the BRAF V600E Mutation. World Neurosurg 2020; 134:594-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity in malignant glioma effectively predicts neoplastic recurrence. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6108-6116. [PMID: 31788085 PMCID: PMC6865645 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is one of the most important causes of therapy resistance, which eventually leads to the poor outcomes observed in patients with glioma. Mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH) values are based on whole-exon sequencing and precisely reflect genetic ITH. However, the significance of MATH values in predicting glioma recurrence remains unclear. Information of patients with glioma was obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. The present study calculated the MATH value for each patient, analyzed the distributions of MATH values in different subtypes and investigated the rates of clinical recurrence in patients with different MATH values. Gene enrichment and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine which factors influenced recurrence. A nomogram table was established to predict 1-, 2- and 5-year recurrence probabilities. MATH values were increased in patients with glioma with the wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (IDH)1/2 (IDH-wt) gene (P=0.001) and glioblastoma (GBM; P=0.001). MATH values were negatively associated with the 2- and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates in patients with glioma, particularly in the IDH1/2-wt and GBM cohorts (P=0.001 and P=0.017, respectively). Furthermore, glioma cases with different MATH levels had distinct patterns of gene mutation frequencies and gene expression enrichment. Finally, a nomogram table that contained MATH values could be used to accurately predict the probabilities of the 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS of patients with glioma. In conclusion, the MATH value of a patient may be an independent predictor that influences glioma recurrence. The nomogram model presented in the current study was an appropriate method to predict 1-, 2- and 5-year RFS probabilities in patients with glioma.
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Wojtas B, Gielniewski B, Wojnicki K, Maleszewska M, Mondal SS, Nauman P, Grajkowska W, Glass R, Schüller U, Herold-Mende C, Kaminska B. Gliosarcoma Is Driven by Alterations in PI3K/Akt, RAS/MAPK Pathways and Characterized by Collagen Gene Expression Signature. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030284. [PMID: 30818875 PMCID: PMC6468745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliosarcoma is a very rare brain tumor reported to be a variant of glioblastoma (GBM), IDH-wildtype. While differences in molecular and histological features between gliosarcoma and GBM were reported, detailed information on the genetic background of this tumor is lacking. We intend to fill in this knowledge gap by the complex analysis of somatic mutations, indels, copy number variations, translocations and gene expression patterns in gliosarcomas. Using next generation sequencing, we determined somatic mutations, copy number variations (CNVs) and translocations in 10 gliosarcomas. Six tumors have been further subjected to RNA sequencing analysis and gene expression patterns have been compared to those of GBMs. We demonstrate that gliosarcoma bears somatic alterations in gene coding for PI3K/Akt (PTEN, PI3K) and RAS/MAPK (NF1, BRAF) signaling pathways that are crucial for tumor growth. Interestingly, the frequency of PTEN alterations in gliosarcomas was much higher than in GBMs. Aberrations of PTEN were the most frequent and occurred in 70% of samples. We identified genes differentially expressed in gliosarcoma compared to GBM (including collagen signature) and confirmed a difference in the protein level by immunohistochemistry. We found several novel translocations (including translocations in the RABGEF1 gene) creating potentially unfavorable combinations. Collected results on genetic alterations and transcriptomic profiles offer new insights into gliosarcoma pathobiology, highlight differences in gliosarcoma and GBM genetic backgrounds and point out to distinct molecular cues for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Wojtas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Bartlomiej Gielniewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Wojnicki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Shamba S Mondal
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw 02-093, Poland.
| | - Pawel Nauman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw 02-957, Poland.
| | - Wieslawa Grajkowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland.
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, University Clinics, LMU Munich 80539, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf 20251, Germany.
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Depression and glioblastoma, complicated concomitant diseases: a systemic review of published literature. Neurosurg Rev 2018; 43:497-511. [PMID: 30094499 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-018-1017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain cancer. Depression is a common co-morbidity of this condition. Despite this common interaction, relatively little research has been performed on the development of GBM-associated depression. We performed a literary search of the PubMed database for articles published relating to GBM and depression. A total of 85 articles were identified with 46 meeting inclusion criteria. Depression significantly impacts care, decreasing medication compliance, and patient survival. Diagnostically, because depression and GBM share intricate neuro-connectivity in a way that effect functionality, these diseases can be mistaken for alternative psychological or pathological disorders, complicating care. Therapeutically, anti-depressants have anti-tumor properties; yet, some have been shown to interfere with GBM treatment. One reason for this is that the pathophysiological development of depression and GBM share several pathways including altered regulation of the 5-HT receptor, norepinephrine, and 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate. Over time, depression can persist after GBM treatment, affecting patient quality of life. Together, depression and GBM are complicated concomitant diseases. Clinicians must be aware of their co-existence. Because of overlapping molecular pathways involved in both diseases, careful medication selection is imperative to avoid potential adverse interactions. Since GBMs are the most common primary brain cancer, physicians dealing with this disease should be prepared for the development of depression as a potential sequela of this condition, given the related pathophysiology and the known poor outcomes.
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Gliosarcoma Protein - Protein Interaction Network Analysis and Gene Ontology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.65701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Pain M, Wang H, Lee E, Strahl M, Hamou W, Sebra R, Zhu J, Yong RL. Treatment-associated TP53 DNA-binding domain missense mutations in the pathogenesis of secondary gliosarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 9:2603-2621. [PMID: 29416795 PMCID: PMC5788663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gliosarcoma is a rare variant of glioblastoma (GBM) that exhibits frequent mutations in TP53 and can develop in a secondary fashion after chemoradiation of a primary GBM. Whether temozolomide (TMZ)-induced mutagenesis of the TP53 DNA-binding domain (DBD) can drive the pathogenesis of gliosarcoma is unclear. Methods We identified a case of a primary GBM that rapidly progressed into secondary gliosarcoma shortly after chemoradiation was initiated. Bulk tumor was collected and gliomasphere cultures derived from both the pre- and post-treatment tumors. We performed targeted DNA sequencing and transcriptome analyses of the specimens to understand their phylogenetic relationship and identify differentially expressed gene pathways. Gliomaspheres from the primary GBM were treated with TMZ and then analyzed to compare patterns of mutagenesis in vivo and ex vivo. Results The pre- and post-treatment tumors shared EGFR, CDKN2A, and PTEN mutations, but only the secondary gliosarcoma exhibited TP53 DBD missense mutations. Two mutations, R110C, and R175H, were identified, each in distinct clones. Both were base transitions characteristic of TMZ mutagenesis. Gene expression analysis identified increased JAK-STAT signaling in the gliosarcoma, together with reduced expression of microRNAs known to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Ex vivo treatment of the GBM spheres with TMZ generated numerous variants in cancer driver genes, including TP53 and CDH1, which were mutated in the post-treatment tumor. Conclusions TMZ-induced TP53 gain-of-function mutations can have a driving role in secondary gliosarcoma pathogenesis. Analysis of variants identified in ex vivo TMZ-treated gliomaspheres may have utility in predicting GBM evolutionary trajectories in vivo during standard chemoradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Pain
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huaien Wang
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Strahl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wissam Hamou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Sebra
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymund L Yong
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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