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Haji Noor Mohamed NM, S. M. N. Mydin RB, Che Halim H, Musa MY. A Systematic Review on Clinico-Aetiopathological Trends of Nasopharyngeal Cancer in Asia. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:4151-4157. [PMID: 37974670 PMCID: PMC10645848 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of malignancy that is highly prevalent in Asian countries. Therefore, an understanding between NPC epidemiological trend, the clinico-pathological and aetiological profiles are needed. This systematic review focuses on asian countries demographic and clinico-pathological presentation reported in 9982 NPC cases diagnosed from the year 2010 to 2021. METHODOLOGY Data were extracted from databases, such as PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, Google Scholar and general search engines, by using pre-determined keywords (e.g. clinico-pathological data, age, sex, tumour stage, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, naso-pharynx and cancer in Asia). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Findings from our systematic review shows that from 2010 to 2021, males in age range below 50 years old are at a higher risk of developing NPC in Asia. NPC is mostly diagnosed at advanced stage in Asia, which is likely due to the deep-seated location of the cancer. Type III NPC and EBV proteins (EBNA1 and LMP2A) are frequently associated with reported EBV-positive NPC cases in Asian countries. Meanwhile, NPC type I, II, and III are associated with EBV-negative NPC cases in Asia. Human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles (A2, B27, and B46) are frequently present in reported EBV-negative NPC cases in Asia. In Asia, males below 50 years old are more prone to NPC and often diagnosed at late stage. EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC in Asia have unique histological profiles. Systemic approach of this study may help to provide better knowledge on reported NPC cases especially on the risk factors and clinical presentation focusing in Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Mazidah Haji Noor Mohamed
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200 Malaysia
| | - Rabiatul Basria S. M. N. Mydin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200 Malaysia
- School of Distant Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, 11800 Malaysia
| | - Hanani Che Halim
- School of Distant Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, 11800 Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Universiti Malaya, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Yusri Musa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200 Malaysia
- Pusat Perubatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Bertam, 13200 Pulau Pinang Malaysia
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2
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Zhang Q, Xu M. EBV-induced T-cell responses in EBV-specific and nonspecific cancers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1250946. [PMID: 37841280 PMCID: PMC10576448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1250946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human tumor virus associated with various malignancies, including B-lymphoma, NK and T-lymphoma, and epithelial carcinoma. It infects B lymphocytes and epithelial cells within the oropharynx and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. With a balanced virus-host interaction, most individuals carry EBV asymptomatically because of the lifelong surveillance by T cell immunity against EBV. A stable anti-EBV T cell repertoire is maintained in memory at high frequency in the blood throughout persistent EBV infection. Patients with impaired T cell immunity are more likely to develop life-threatening lymphoproliferative disorders, highlighting the critical role of T cells in achieving the EBV-host balance. Recent studies reveal that the EBV protein, LMP1, triggers robust T-cell responses against multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in B cells. Additionally, EBV-specific T cells have been identified in EBV-unrelated cancers, raising questions about their role in antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize T-cell responses in EBV-related cancers, considering latency patterns, host immune status, and factors like human leukocyte antigen (HLA) susceptibility, which may affect immune outcomes. We discuss EBV-induced TAA-specific T cell responses and explore the potential roles of EBV-specific T cell subsets in tumor microenvironments. We also describe T-cell immunotherapy strategies that harness EBV antigens, ranging from EBV-specific T cells to T cell receptor-engineered T cells. Lastly, we discuss the involvement of γδ T-cells in EBV infection and associated diseases, aiming to elucidate the comprehensive interplay between EBV and T-cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC), Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Liao LJ, Hsu WL, Chen CJ, Chiu YL. Feature Reviews of the Molecular Mechanisms of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1528. [PMID: 37371623 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in most parts of the world but endemic in southern Asia. Here, we describe the molecular abnormalities in NPC and point out potential molecular mechanisms for future therapy. This article provides a brief up-to-date review focusing on the molecular pathways of NPC, which may improve our knowledge of this disease, and we also highlight some issues for further research. In brief, some heritable genes are related to NPC; therefore, people with a family history of NPC have an increased risk of this disease. Carcinogenic substances and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exposure both contribute to tumorigenesis through the accumulation of multiple genomic changes. In recent years, salted fish intake has decreased the impact on NPC, which implies that changing exposure to carcinogens can modify the risk of NPC. Eradication of cancer-associated viruses potentially eradicates cancer, and EBV vaccines might also prevent this disease in the future. Screening patients by using an EBV antibody is feasible in the high-risk group; plasma EBV DNA measurement could also be conducted for screening, prognosis, and monitoring of this disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPC can further provide novel information for health promotion, disease screening, and precision cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jen Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data Analysis in Biomedicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ju Chen
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chiu
- Department of Medical Research, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine and Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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4
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Trinh CTH, Tran DN, Nguyen LTT, Tran NT, Nguyen MTG, Nguyen VTP, Vu NTH, Dang KD, Van Vo K, Chau HC, Phan PTP, Truc Phuong MH. LMP1-EBV Gene Deletion Mutations and HLA Genotypes of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients in Vietnam. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:1-12. [PMID: 36649009 PMCID: PMC9844464 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer among head and neck cancers in Vietnam. We aimed to identify the rate of a 30 bp deletion mutation of the LMP1-EBV gene in nasopharyngeal biopsy tissue samples, the HLA genotypes of NPC patients, and the relationship between these two targets. Patients with NPC at Can Tho Oncology Hospital from September 2014 to December 2018 were selected. A length of 30 bp of the del-LMP1-EBV gene was analyzed using a PCR technique, and the HLA genotypes in patients' blood samples were analyzed with PCR-SSO technology. HLA-B*15 gene carriers had the highest risk of 30 bp LMP1-EBV gene deletion mutation, which was found in 51 out of 70 patients (72.9%). Carriers of the HLA-B*15 allele had a 4.6-fold increased risk of a 30 bp del-LMP1-EBV gene compared with non-carriers of this allele. The initial identification of NPC was related to the 30 bp del-LMP1-EBV gene and high frequencies of the -A*02, -B*15, -DRB1*12, -DQB1*03, and -DQA1*01 HLA alleles. Our study results suggest an association of the 30 bp del-LMP1-EBV gene and the HLA-B*15 allele with NPC susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cua Thi Hong Trinh
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Ngoc Tran
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Thi Thao Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Nghia Tin Tran
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Minh Trinh Gia Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Vy Tran Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Nhung Thi Hong Vu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Duy Dang
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Kha Van Vo
- Can Tho Oncology Hospital, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Chieu Chau
- Can Tho Ear Nose Throat Hospital, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
| | - Phi Thi Phi Phan
- Department of Physiopathology & Immunology, Ha Noi Medical University, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Huynh Truc Phuong
- Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam
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5
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Pollock NR, Harrison GF, Norman PJ. Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2022; 10:1763-1775. [PMID: 35561968 PMCID: PMC10038757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIR) with human leukocyte antigens (HLA) class I regulate effector functions of key cytotoxic cells of innate and adaptive immunity. The extreme diversity of this interaction is genetically determined, having evolved in the ever-changing environment of pathogen exposure. Diversity of KIR and HLA genes is further facilitated by their independent segregation on separate chromosomes. That fetal implantation relies on many of the same types of immune cells as infection control places certain constraints on the evolution of KIR interactions with HLA. Consequently, specific inherited combinations of receptors and ligands may predispose to specific immune-mediated diseases, including autoimmunity. Combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA class I can also differentiate success rates of immunotherapy directed to these diseases. Progress toward both etiopathology and predicting response to therapy is being achieved through detailed characterization of the extent and consequences of the combinatorial diversity of KIR and HLA. Achieving these goals is more tractable with the development of integrated analyses of molecular evolution, function, and pathology that will establish guidelines for understanding and managing risks. Here, we present what is known about the coevolution of KIR with HLA class I and the impact of their complexity on immune function and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Pollock
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Genelle F Harrison
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo
| | - Paul J Norman
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine and Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colo.
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6
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Campion NJ, Ally M, Jank BJ, Ahmed J, Alusi G. The molecular march of primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1757-1774. [PMID: 33479496 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) results from the aberrant and uncontrolled growth of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. It is highly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, especially in regions where it is endemic. In the last decade, significant advances in genetic sequencing techniques have allowed the discovery of many new abnormal molecular processes that undoubtedly contribute to the establishment, growth and spread of this deadly disease. In this review, we consider NPC as EBV induced. We summarise the recent discoveries and how they add to our understanding of the pathophysiology of NPC in the context of genomics first in primary and then in recurrent disease. Overall, we find key early events lead to p16 inactivation and cyclin D1 expression, allowing latent viral infection. Host and viral factors work together to affect a variety of molecular pathways, the most fundamental being activation of NF-κB. Nonetheless, much still yearns to be discovered, especially in recurrent NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Munira Ally
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jahangir Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
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7
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Ning L, Ko JMY, Yu VZ, Ng HY, Chan CKC, Tao L, Lam SY, Leong MML, Ngan RKC, Kwong DLW, Lee AWM, Ng WT, Cheng A, Tung S, Lee VHF, Lam KO, Kwan CK, Li WS, Yau S, Bei JX, Lung ML. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma MHC region deep sequencing identifies HLA and novel non-HLA TRIM31 and TRIM39 loci. Commun Biol 2020; 3:759. [PMID: 33311639 PMCID: PMC7733486 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pronounced associations of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) regions with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), causal variants underlying NPC pathogenesis remain elusive. Our large-scale comprehensive MHC region deep sequencing study of 5689 Hong Kong Chinese identifies eight independent NPC-associated signals and provides mechanistic insight for disrupted transcription factor binding, altering target gene transcription. Two novel protective variants, rs2517664 (Trs2517664 = 4.6%, P = 6.38 × 10−21) and rs117495548 (Grs117495548 = 3.0%, P = 4.53 × 10−13), map near TRIM31 and TRIM39/TRIM39-RPP21; multiple independent protective signals map near HLA-B including a previously unreported variant, rs2523589 (P = 1.77 × 10−36). The rare HLA-B*07:05 allele (OR < 0.015, P = 5.83 × 10−21) is absent in NPC, but present in controls. The most prevalent haplotype lacks seven independent protective alleles (OR = 1.56) and the one with additional Asian-specific susceptibility rs9391681 allele (OR = 2.66) significantly increased NPC risk. Importantly, this study provides new evidence implicating two non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRIM31 and TRIM39, impacting innate immune responses, with NPC risk reduction, independent of classical HLA class I/II alleles. Here the authors report a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) association analysis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Chinese individuals from Hong Kong, finding 8 independent associated loci associated with lower risk for developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Two non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are E3 ubiquitin ligases, TRIM31 and TRIM39, having a role in the innate immune response and implicating the importance of host Epstein-Barr virus interactions in this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvwen Ning
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Josephine Mun-Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.
| | - Valen Zhuoyou Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Hoi Yan Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Candy King-Chi Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Tao
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Shiu-Yeung Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Merrin Man-Long Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Wing-Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ashley Cheng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Victor Ho-Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Ka-On Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Kong Kwan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Wing-Sum Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Yau
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xin Bei
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 510060, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China. .,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region), People's Republic of China.
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8
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Analysis of latent T-cell epitopes in Epstein-Barr virus isolated from extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma in Taiwanese population. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 118:104577. [PMID: 33242451 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extranodal nasal-type natural killer (NK)/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is an aggressive lymphoma that is prevalent among East Asian and South American populations. Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is commonly detected in NKTCL, there are limited studies that have analyzed the EBV genomic variations in NKTCL. In this study, 8 EBV latent genes were analyzed using targeted gene sequencing in 23 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues derived from 18 patients with NKTCL. Five cases with paired samples were comparatively analyzed. The consistency of EBV sequencing data between tissue samples was high (96.3%-98.7%), whereas that of variant calling among the tissue samples and plasma samples (74.3%-79.2%) was low. The highest densities of non-synonymous variants were detected in the EBNA3B gene. Among the 74 known T-cell epitopes, 363 non-synonymous variants were identified in 32 (43.2%) epitopes. Additionally, the AVFDRKSDAK (A1S/P and V2F/M/L) and YHLIVDTDSL (I4L and L10R/V/G/H) epitopes were associated with 5 patterns of amino acid changes in EBNA3B and EBNA-2, respectively. The frequency of variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted epitopes with corresponding HLA types common among Taiwanese population was significantly low (P = 0.011), whereas that in anchor residues was significantly high (P = 0.012). In conclusion, this study demonstrated the genomic diversity of EBV in NKTCL and its correlation with the HLA-restricted epitope variations in Taiwanese population. The findings of this study provide useful insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for NKTCL.
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9
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Haas OA. Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer Predisposition Revisited: Embedding Two Closely Related Concepts Into an Integrative Conceptual Framework. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3136. [PMID: 30809233 PMCID: PMC6379258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Common understanding suggests that the normal function of a "healthy" immune system safe-guards and protects against the development of malignancies, whereas a genetically impaired one might increase the likelihood of their manifestation. This view is primarily based on and apparently supported by an increased incidence of such diseases in patients with specific forms of immunodeficiencies that are caused by high penetrant gene defects. As I will review and discuss herein, such constellations merely represent the tip of an iceberg. The overall situation is by far more varied and complex, especially if one takes into account the growing difficulties to define what actually constitutes an immunodeficiency and what defines a cancer predisposition. The enormous advances in genome sequencing, in bioinformatic analyses and in the functional in vitro and in vivo assessment of novel findings together with the availability of large databases provide us with a wealth of information that steadily increases the number of sequence variants that concur with clinically more or less recognizable immunological problems and their consequences. Since many of the newly identified hard-core defects are exceedingly rare, their tumor predisposing effect is difficult to ascertain. The analyses of large data sets, on the other hand, continuously supply us with low penetrant variants that, at least in statistical terms, are clearly tumor predisposing, although their specific relevance for the respective carriers still needs to be carefully assessed on an individual basis. Finally, defects and variants that affect the same gene families and pathways in both a constitutional and somatic setting underscore the fact that immunodeficiencies and cancer predisposition can be viewed as two closely related errors of development. Depending on the particular genetic and/or environmental context as well as the respective stage of development, the same changes can have either a neutral, predisposing and, in some instances, even a protective effect. To understand the interaction between the immune system, be it "normal" or "deficient" and tumor predisposition and development on a systemic level, one therefore needs to focus on the structure and dynamic functional organization of the entire immune system rather than on its isolated individual components alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar A. Haas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Lee HM, Okuda KS, González FE, Patel V. Current Perspectives on Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1164:11-34. [PMID: 31576537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-22254-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Of the ~129,079 new cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 72,987 associated deaths estimated for 2018, the majority will be geographically localized to South East Asia, and likely to show an upward trend annually. It is thought that disparities in dietary habits, lifestyle, and exposures to harmful environmental factors are likely the root cause of NPC incidence rates to differ geographically. Genetic differences due to ethnicity and the Epstein Barr virus (EBV) are likely contributing factors. Pertinently, NPC is associated with poor prognosis which is largely attributed to lack of awareness of the salient symptoms of NPC. These include nose hemorrhage and headaches and coupled with detection and the limited therapeutic options. Treatment options include radiotherapy or chemotherapy or combination of both. Surgical excision is generally the last option considered for advanced and metastatic disease, given the close proximity of nasopharynx to brain stem cell area, major blood vessels, and nerves. To improve outcome of NPC patients, novel cellular and in vivo systems are needed to allow an understanding of the underling molecular events causal for NPC pathogenesis and for identifying novel therapeutic targets and effective therapies. While challenges and gaps in current NPC research are noted, some advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies targeting EBV NPCs are discussed in this chapter, which may offer improvements in outcome of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Mei Lee
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazuhida Shaun Okuda
- Division of Genomics of Development and Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fermín E González
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Cancer, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vyomesh Patel
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Paul P, Deka H, Malakar AK, Halder B, Chakraborty S. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: understanding its molecular biology at a fine scale. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:33-41. [PMID: 27748661 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among all cancers, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is quite high in the endemic regions. NPC is a head and neck cancer with poor survival rate, and is rare throughout most of the world but common in certain geographic areas, like southern Asia and some regions of North East India (Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram). A clear understanding of its etiology is still lacking, but NPC is widely suspected to be the result of both genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Diagnosis in the early stages needs a high index of clinical acumen, and, although most cross-sectional imaging investigations show the tumor with precision, confirmation is dependent on histology. This article reviews all related research reports on NPC histopathological classifications worldwide that have been published within the past 20 years. Genome-wide association studies suggested that there might be common disease mechanisms between that disease and NPC. Personalized management rules, quality assessment of life in patients, and an understanding of the essential mechanisms of recurrence could be directed toward research into recurrent NPC. Hence, this literature would offer otolaryngologists a deeper insight into the etiological and management aspects of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosenjit Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Vukovic V, Stojanovic J, Vecchioni A, Pastorino R, Boccia S. Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of SNPs from Genome-Wide Association Studies of Head and Neck Cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 159:615-624. [PMID: 30126334 DOI: 10.1177/0194599818792262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective Various genome-wide association studies (GWASs) identified new head and neck cancer (HNC) susceptibility loci, although the evidence has not been systematically summarized. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of the GWASs to identify the most commonly reported genetic loci associated with a risk of HNC. Data Sources We searched the PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, and GWAS databases to retrieve eligible studies, in English or Italian, published until June 1, 2017. Review Methods Only GWASs reporting data on the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and HNC were included. The quality of included studies was evaluated using the Q-Genie tool. Random-effect meta-analyses were performed considering only SNPs with at least 1 significant result from the included articles, and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results Seven studies of case-control design were included in the review. Five studies on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) in Chinese, reporting on 27 different SNPs, were included in meta-analyses. Results show that 6 SNPs ( rs2076483, rs2975042, rs9258122, rs29232, and rs9510787) had an increased pooled estimates for A risk alleles (OR [95% CI]: 1.55 [1.36-1.77], 1.90 [1.69-2.14], 1.47 [1.31-1.65], 1.52 [1.32-1.76], and 1.22 [1.13-1.31], respectively) while G risk allele of rs3129055 reported an OR of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.33-1.67). Conclusion Our systematic review identified 5 SNPs located on chromosome 6 ( rs2076483, rs2975042, rs3129055, rs9258122, and rs29232) and 1 ( rs9510787) on chromosome 13 as significantly associated with an increased risk of NPC in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vukovic
- 1 Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Jovana Stojanovic
- 1 Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Vecchioni
- 1 Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Pastorino
- 1 Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- 1 Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,2 Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Malov SV, Antonik A, Tang M, Berred A, Zeng Y, O'Brien SJ. Signal localization: a new approach in signal discovery. Biom J 2017; 59:126-144. [DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201500222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Malov
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bionformatics; St.-Petersburg State University; 199034 Sredniy avenue 41A St.-Petersburg Russia
- Department of Mathematics; St.-Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”; 197376 Prof. Popova str. 5 St.-Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexey Antonik
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bionformatics; St.-Petersburg State University; 199034 Sredniy avenue 41A St.-Petersburg Russia
| | - Minzhong Tang
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital; Wuzhou Guangxi P. R. China
| | - Alexandre Berred
- Université du Havre; UFR Sciences et Techniques; BP 540 76058 Le Havre Cedex France
| | - Yi Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Diseases Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Theodosius Dobzhansky Center for Genome Bionformatics; St.-Petersburg State University; 199034 Sredniy avenue 41A St.-Petersburg Russia
- Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center; Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography; Nova Southeastern University; 8000 North Ocean Drive FL USA
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HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype: an adverse prognostic factor in Han patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:700-704. [PMID: 27752910 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1647-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allelic polymorphisms are closely correlated to susceptibility to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and in a previous study, we showed that HLA-B*46 and HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotypes were strongly associated with NPC susceptibility. In this retrospective study, we investigated the phenotype of the HLA-A and HLA-B alleles and haplotypes and correlated these data to the clinical and pathological parameters of NPC to understand the role of HLA alleles and haplotypes in NPC prognosis. The cohort comprised 117 NPC patients from a Han population in Xinjiang. The local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis- free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The 5-year DMFS of the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype carriers and non-carriers was 66.4% and 90.3%, respectively. In addition, age was found to be a prognostic factor for LRFS, DFS, and OS (P=0.032, 0.040, and 0.013, respectively). We found that the HLA-A*02-B*46 haplotype might be a prognostic marker in addition to the traditional TNM staging in patients with NPC.
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Geng XT, Hu YH, Dong T, Wang RZ. Associations of Human Leukocyte Antigen-DRB1 Alleles with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Clinical Significance in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 129:1347-54. [PMID: 27231174 PMCID: PMC4894047 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.182833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Genetic susceptibility is one of the major etiological factors for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Among the genetic predisposing factors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been reported to be associated with NPC. This study aimed to investigate the associations of HLA-DRB1 alleles with NPC and the clinical significance of HLA-DRB1 alleles in NPC. Methods: From January 2009 to December 2013, 140 NPC patients (118 Han patients and 22 Uyghur patients) and 158 healthy controls (81 Han individuals and 77 Uyghur individuals) from Xinjiang Province were genotyped for HLA-DRB1 using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer technique. Chi-square analysis was used when comparing allele frequencies between groups. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. Results: Compared with healthy controls, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*0701 was increased in the Uyghur patients (P = 0.008) but not in the Han patients (P = 0.869). HLA-DRB1*0101 allele was presented with higher frequency in clinical Stage I + II group compared with clinical Stage III + IV group in the Han patients (P = 0.015) but not in the Uyghur patients (P = 1.000). Higher frequency of HLA-DRB1*1501 allele was observed in patients aged <45 years compared with those in patients aged ≥45 years (P = 0.002). Neither HLA-DRB1*0701 nor HLA-DRB1*0101 had a statistically significant association with 3-year survival. Conclusions: This study found HLA-DRB1*0701 in Uyghur population was associated with an increased risk of developing NPC. In Han population, we found HLA-DRB1*0101 was associated with protection from disease progression, and HLA-DRB1*1501 was associated with early age of onset. HLA-DRB1 could not be identified as a prognostic indicator for NPC in either Han or Uyghur patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Yun-Hui Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ruo-Zheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oncology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
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Zheng Y, Parsonage G, Zhuang X, Machado LR, James CH, Salman A, Searle PF, Hui EP, Chan ATC, Lee SP. Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) A*1101-Restricted Epstein-Barr Virus-Specific T-cell Receptor Gene Transfer to Target Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:1138-47. [PMID: 25711537 PMCID: PMC4456157 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0203-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Infusing virus-specific T cells is effective treatment for rare Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated posttransplant lymphomas, and more limited success has been reported using this approach to treat a far more common EBV-associated malignancy, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, current approaches using EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines to reactivate EBV-specific T cells for infusion take 2 to 3 months of in vitro culture and favor outgrowth of T cells targeting viral antigens expressed within EBV(+) lymphomas, but not in NPC. Here, we explore T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer to rapidly and reliably generate T cells specific for the NPC-associated viral protein LMP2. We cloned a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A*1101-restricted TCR, which would be widely applicable because 40% of NPC patients carry this HLA allele. Studying both the wild-type and modified forms, we have optimized expression of the TCR and demonstrated high-avidity antigen-specific function (proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine release) in both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. The engineered T cells also inhibited LMP2(+) epithelial tumor growth in a mouse model. Furthermore, transduced T cells from patients with advanced NPC lysed LMP2-expressing NPC cell lines. Using this approach, within a few days large numbers of high-avidity LMP2-specific T cells can be generated reliably to treat NPC, thus providing an ideal clinical setting to test TCR gene transfer without the risk of autoimmunity through targeting self-antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zheng
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Parsonage
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R Machado
- School of Health, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christine H James
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Asmaa Salman
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Searle
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin P Hui
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Anthony T C Chan
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Steven P Lee
- School of Cancer Sciences, Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy Centre (CIIC), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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18
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Su WH, Chiu CC, Yao Shugart Y. Heterogeneity revealed through meta-analysis might link geographical differences with nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence in Han Chinese populations. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:598. [PMID: 26307051 PMCID: PMC4549009 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy highly prevalent in southern China, and incidence rates among Han Chinese people vary according to geographic region. Recently, three independent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) confirmed that HLA-A is the main risk gene for NPC. However, the results of studies conducted in regions with dissimilar incidence rates contradicted the claims that HLA-A is the sole risk gene and that the association of rs29232 is independent of the HLA-A effect in the chromosome 6p21.3 region. Methods We performed a meta-analysis, selecting five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in chromosome 6p21.3 mapped in three published GWASs and four case–control studies. The studies involved 8994 patients with NPC and 11,157 healthy controls, all of whom were Han Chinese. Results The rs2517713 SNP located downstream of HLA-A was significantly associated with NPC (P = 1.08 × 10−91, odds ratio [OR] = 0.58, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 0.55–0.61). The rs29232 SNP exhibited a moderate level of heterogeneity (I2 = 47 %) that disappeared (I2 = 0 %) after stratification by moderate- and high-incidence NPC regions. Conclusions Our results suggested that the HLA-A gene is strongly associated with NPC risk. In addition, the heterogeneity revealed by the meta-analysis of rs29232 might be associated with regional differences in NPC incidence among Han Chinese people. The higher OR of rs29232 and the fact that rs29232 was independent of the HLA-A effect in the moderate-incidence population suggested that rs29232 might have greater relevance to NPC incidence in a moderate-incidence population than in a high-incidence population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1607-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Su
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Cking Chiu
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Yin Yao Shugart
- Division of Intramural Research Programs, Unit on Statistical Genomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Tian W, Zhu FM, Wang WY, Cai JH, Zhang W, Li LX, Liu KL, Jin HK, Wang F. Sequence-based typing of HLA-A gene in 930 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Hunan province, southern China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 86:15-20. [PMID: 25940993 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we typed 930 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 1134 normal controls recruited from Hunan province, southern China for human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A) locus by sequencing exons 2-4. Very significant associations between HLA-A*02:07, HLA-A*11:01 and NPC were established [25.7% vs 16.18%; odds ratio, OR (95% confidence interval, CI) = 1.79 (1.54-2.09), P < 0.0001 and 21.1% vs 30.42%, OR (95% CI) = 0.61 (0.53-0.70), P<0.0001, respectively]. Further analysis of the molecular basis underlying these associations suggests that cysteine (C) at codon 99 of α2-helix of HLA-A protein is probably deleterious and confers risk to NPC. Convincing evidence was uncovered for negative association of a rare allele in southern Chinese populations, HLA-A*31:01, with NPC [0.22% vs 2.12%, OR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.04-0.28), P < 0.0001]. rs1059449-A, which encodes arginine (R) at codon 56 of α1-helix of HLA-A protein, was postulated to be crucial for such a pattern of negative association with NPC. A subset of NPC cases (N = 632) and normal controls (N=712) were tested for anti-virus capsid antigen (anti-VCA) immunoglobulin A (IgA), very significant difference in seropositivity for anti-VCA IgA was observed between the two groups [67.56% vs 6.46%, OR (95% CI) = 30.16 (21.42-42.46), P < 0.0001]. However, seropositivity for anti-VCA IgA did not correlate with HLA-A allelic typing in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Tian
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - F-M Zhu
- HLA Typing Laboratory, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - W-Y Wang
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J-H Cai
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - W Zhang
- HLA Typing Laboratory, Blood Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Blood Safety Research, Ministry of Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - L-X Li
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - K-L Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - H-K Jin
- Department of Radiotherapy, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of XiangYa School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - F Wang
- Immunogenetics Research Group, Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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da Costa VG, Marques-Silva AC, Moreli ML. The Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP1) 30-bp deletion and XhoI-polymorphism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Syst Rev 2015; 4:46. [PMID: 25927427 PMCID: PMC4404015 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-015-0037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered to be closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), in which EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was found to have an oncogenic role. However, the results published on the LMP1 polymorphism are inconsistent. In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the frequency of the associations and a more precise association between NPC and EBV LMP1 gene variants (30-bp deletion (del)/XhoI-loss). METHODS Eligible articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were identified in the following electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SciELO. Consequently, the data of interest were extracted and plotted in a table to calculate the frequency and odds ratio (OR) of the outcomes of interest (30-bp del-LMP1/XhoI-loss) in patients with NPC. Study quality (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS)), publication bias, and heterogeneity were assessed. RESULTS Thirty-one observational studies were included with a total of 2,846 individuals (NPC, n = 1,855; control, n = 991). The risk of bias in relation to study quality evaluated by NOS was considered low. The pooled estimate of the frequency of 30-bp del-LMP1 and XhoI-loss in patients with NPC was 77% (95% confidence interval (CI): 72 to 82) and 82% (95% CI: 71 to 92), respectively. There was an association between 30-bp del-LMP1 and NPC susceptibility (OR = 2.86, 95% CI: 1.35 to 6.07, P = 0.00). Similarly, there was an association between XhoI-loss and NPC (OR = 8.5, 95% CI: 1.7 to 41, P = 0.00). However, when we analyze the co-existence of the 30-bp del-LMP1 and XhoI-loss in patients with NPC, there was no association (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 0.06 to 18.79, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest an association between the 30-bp del-LMP1 and XhoI-loss with NPC susceptibility. However, our data should be interpreted with caution because the sample size was small, and there was heterogeneity between the studies. Thus, future studies are needed with adjusted estimates to simultaneously evaluate multiple factors involved in the development of NPC. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42014013496 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo G da Costa
- Post-Graduation Program in Applied Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, BR 364, Km 192, Industrial Park, Jataí, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, BR 364, Km 192, Industrial Park, Jataí, Brazil.
| | - Ariany C Marques-Silva
- Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, BR 364, Km 192, Industrial Park, Jataí, Brazil.
| | - Marcos L Moreli
- Post-Graduation Program in Applied Health Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, BR 364, Km 192, Industrial Park, Jataí, Brazil.
- Virology Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, BR 364, Km 192, Industrial Park, Jataí, Brazil.
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Yang L, Chen X, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Bu D, Zhu P. Donors with HLA-B*58:01/TNFα −308A haplotype are unfavorable to haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cai YL, Li J, Lu AY, Zheng YM, Zhong WM, Wang W, Gao JQ, Zeng H, Cheng JR, Tang MZ. Diagnostic significance of combined detection of Epstein-Barr virus antibodies, VCA/IgA, EA/IgA, Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:2001-6. [PMID: 24716925 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.5.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the diagnostic significance of EBV antibody combined detection for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in a high incidence region of southern China. Two hundred and eleven untreated NPC patients, 203 non-NPC ENT patients, and 210 healthy controls were recruited for the study. The titers of VCA/IgA and EA/IgA were assessed by immunoenzyme assay, and the levels of Rta/IgG and EBNA1/IgA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The levels of VCA/IgA, EA/IgA, Rta/IgG and EBNA1/ IgA demonstrated no association with gender or age (p>0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The sensitivity of VCA/IgA (98.1%) and the specificity of EA/IgA (98.5%) were the highest. When a logistic regression model was used to combine the results from multiple antibodies to increase the accuracy, the combination of VCA/IgA+Rta/IgG, whose area under the curve was 0.99, had the highest diagnostic efficiency, and its sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were 94.8%, 98.0% and 0.93 respectively. The data suggest that the combination of VCA/IgA+Rta/IgG may be most suitable for NPC serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lin Cai
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou, Guangxi Province, China E-mail :
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Cai Y, Li J, Lu A, Zhong W, Gao J, Zheng Y, Zeng H, Wang W, Tang M. Increased serum levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-3α and cystatin a predict a poor prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2014; 93:e123. [PMID: 25396333 PMCID: PMC4616319 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the roles of serum macrophage inflammatory protein-3α (MIP-3α) and cystatin A in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) prognosis.The serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A in 140 primary NPC patients without distant metastasis were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay before and after treatment. The results were compared with those in 100 healthy controls. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves of the 2 groups. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors used Cox proportional hazards regression model.Serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A in pretreatment patients with NPC were higher than those in healthy controls. Concentrations of these 2 factors in the majority of patients after the therapy decreased to control level. Patients with high serum level of MIP-3α and cystatin A before treatment had poorer overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival than the ones with low level. In addition, serum pretreatment MIP-3α and cystatin A levels were independent prognostic factors for OS and distant metastasis-free survival of NPC patients; serum posttreatment MIP-3α and cystatin A levels were independent prognostic factors of local recurrence-free survival.Our results revealed that serum MIP-3α and cystatin A may be promising candidate prognostic factors for NPC, and higher serum levels of MIP-3α and cystatin A correlate with shorter probability of OS, local recurrence, and distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Cai
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism (YC, JL, AL, YZ, HZ, MT); Clinical Laboratory (YC, JL, AL); Department of Radiation Oncology (WZ, JG), Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi; Second People's Hospital of Zhuhai (WW), Zhuhai, Guangdong; and College of Life Science and Bioengineering (MT), Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
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Evaluation and integration of genetic signature for prediction risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Southern China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:434072. [PMID: 25180181 PMCID: PMC4142549 DOI: 10.1155/2014/434072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors, as well as environmental factors, play a role in development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reported to be associated with NPC. To confirm these genetic associations with NPC, two independent case-control studies from Southern China comprising 1166 NPC cases and 2340 controls were conducted. Seven SNPs in ITGA9 at 3p21.3 and 9 SNPs within the 6p21.3 HLA region were genotyped. To explore the potential clinical application of these genetic markers in NPC, we further evaluate the predictive/diagnostic role of significant SNPs by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). Results. The reported associations between ITGA9 variants and NPC were not replicated. Multiple loci of GABBR1, HLA-F, HLA-A, and HCG9 were statistically significant in both cohorts (Pcombined range from 5.96 × 10−17 to 0.02). We show for the first time that these factors influence NPC development independent of environmental risk factors. This study also indicated that the SNP alone cannot serve as a predictive/diagnostic marker for NPC. Integrating the most significant SNP with IgA antibodies status to EBV, which is presently used as screening/diagnostic marker for NPC in Chinese populations, did not improve the AUC estimate for diagnosis of NPC.
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Chin YM, Mushiroda T, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Krishnan G, Yap LF, Teo SH, Lim PVH, Yap YY, Pua KC, Kamatani N, Nakamura Y, Sam CK, Khoo ASB, Ng CC. HLA-A SNPs and amino acid variants are associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysian Chinese. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:678-87. [PMID: 24947555 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx and is constantly associated with Epstein-Barr virus type 1 (EBV-1) infection. We carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 575,247 autosomal SNPs in 184 NPC patients and 236 healthy controls of Malaysian Chinese ethnicity. Potential association signals were replicated in a separate cohort of 260 NPC patients and 245 healthy controls. We confirmed the association of HLA-A to NPC with the strongest signal detected in rs3869062 (p = 1.73 × 10(-9)). HLA-A fine mapping revealed associations in the amino acid variants as well as its corresponding SNPs in the antigen peptide binding groove (p(HLA-A-aa-site-99) = 3.79 × 10(-8), p(rs1136697) = 3.79 × 10(-8)) and T-cell receptor binding site (p(HLA-A-aa-site-145) = 1.41 × 10(-4), p(rs1059520) = 1.41 × 10(-4)) of the HLA-A. We also detected strong association signals in the 5'-UTR region with predicted active promoter states (p(rs41545520) = 7.91 × 10(-8)). SNP rs41545520 is a potential binding site for repressor ATF3, with increased binding affinity for rs41545520-G correlated with reduced HLA-A expression. Multivariate logistic regression diminished the effects of HLA-A amino acid variants and SNPs, indicating a correlation with the effects of HLA-A*11:01, and to a lesser extent HLA-A*02:07. We report the strong genetic influence of HLA-A on NPC susceptibility in the Malaysian Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ming Chin
- Laboratory for International Alliance, RIKEN Center for Genomic Medicine, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Wang R, Hu Y, Yindom LM, Huang L, Wu R, Wang D, Chang C, Rostron T, Dong T, Wang X. Association analysis between HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DQB1 with nasopharyngeal carcinoma among a Han population in Northwestern China. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:197-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gurtsevitch VE, Yakovleva LS, Shcherbak LN, Goncharova EV, Smirnova KV, Diduk SV, Kondratova VN, Maksimovich DM, Lichtenstein AV, Senyuta NB. Sequence variants of LMP1 oncogene in patients with oral cavity tumors associated and not associated with Epstein-Barr virus. Mol Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331305004x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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TANG MZ, CAI YL, ZHENG YM, ZENG Y. Association between human leukocyte antigenand nasopharyngeal-carcinoma. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2012; 34:1505-12. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2012.01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tang M, Lautenberger JA, Gao X, Sezgin E, Hendrickson SL, Troyer JL, David VA, Guan L, Mcintosh CE, Guo X, Zheng Y, Liao J, Deng H, Malasky M, Kessing B, Winkler CA, Carrington M, dé The G, Zeng Y, O'Brien SJ. The principal genetic determinants for nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China involve the HLA class I antigen recognition groove. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003103. [PMID: 23209447 PMCID: PMC3510037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy facilitated by Epstein-Barr Virus infection. Here we resolve the major genetic influences for NPC incidence using a genome-wide association study (GWAS), independent cohort replication, and high-resolution molecular HLA class I gene typing including 4,055 study participants from the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong province of southern China. We detect and replicate strong association signals involving SNPs, HLA alleles, and amino acid (aa) variants across the major histocompatibility complex-HLA-A, HLA -B, and HLA -C class I genes (P(HLA-A-aa-site-62) = 7.4 × 10(-29); P (HLA-B-aa-site-116) = 6.5 × 10(-19); P (HLA-C-aa-site-156) = 6.8 × 10(-8) respectively). Over 250 NPC-HLA associated variants within HLA were analyzed in concert to resolve separate and largely independent HLA-A, -B, and -C gene influences. Multivariate logistical regression analysis collapsed significant associations in adjacent genes spanning 500 kb (OR2H1, GABBR1, HLA-F, and HCG9) as proxies for peptide binding motifs carried by HLA- A*11:01. A similar analysis resolved an independent association signal driven by HLA-B*13:01, B*38:02, and B*55:02 alleles together. NPC resistance alleles carrying the strongly associated amino acid variants implicate specific class I peptide recognition motifs in HLA-A and -B peptide binding groove as conferring strong genetic influence on the development of NPC in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhong Tang
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - James A. Lautenberger
- BSP-CCR Genetics Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaojiang Gao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland United States of America
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sher L. Hendrickson
- Department of Biology, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Troyer
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Victor A. David
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Li Guan
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carl E. Mcintosh
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiuchan Guo
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zheng
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, Cangwu Institute for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Control and Prevention, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Wuzhou Health System Key Laboratory for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Etiology and Molecular Mechanism, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael Malasky
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bailey Kessing
- BSP-CCR Genetics Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC–Frederick, NCI–Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Frederick National Lab, Frederick, Maryland United States of America
| | - Guy dé The
- Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yi Zeng
- College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Stephen J. O'Brien
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Simons MJ. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a paradigm of cancer genetics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012; 30:79-84. [PMID: 21272439 PMCID: PMC4013336 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.010.10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The unusual incidence patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China, Northeast India, Arctic Inuit, Peninsular and island Southeast Asia, Polynesian Islanders, and North Africans indicate a role for NPC risk genes in Chinese, Chinese-related, and not-obviously Chinese-related populations. Renewed interest in NPC genetic risk has been stimulated by a hypothesis that NPC population patterns originated in Bai-Yue / pre-Austronesian–speaking aborigines and were dispersed during the last glacial maximum by Sundaland submersion. Five articles in this issue of the Chinese Journal of Cancer, first presented at a meeting on genetic aspects of NPC [National Cancer Center of Singapore (NCCS), February 20–21, 2010], are directed towards incidence patterns, to early detection of affected individuals within risk populations, and to the application of genetic technology advances to understanding the nature of high risk. Turnbull presents a general framework for understanding population migrations that underlie NPC and similar complex diseases, including other viral cancers. Trejaut et al. apply genetic markers to detail migration from East Asia through Taiwan to the populating of Island Polynesia. Migration dispersal in a westward direction took mongoloid peoples to modern day Northeast India adjacent to Western China (Xinjiang). NPC incidence in mongoloid Nagas ranks amongst the highest in the world, whereas elsewhere in India NPC is uncommon. Cao et al. detail incidence patterns in Southeast China that have occurred over recent decades. Finally, Ji et al. describe the utility of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus in early NPC detection. While genetic risk factors still remain largely unknown, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes have been a focus of attention since the discovery of an HLA association with NPC in 1973 and, two years later, that NPC susceptibility in highest-risk Cantonese involved the co-occurrence of multi-HLA locus combinations of HLA genes as chromosome combinations, or haplotypes (e.g. HLA-A2–B46), whereas in relatively lower-risk non-Cantonese Chinese (Hokkiens, Teochews) they appeared to act independently, a strength of association reflecting the 30–50-fold difference in incidence between highest risk Cantonese and lowest-risk Indians. The prototypic haplotype HLA-A2–B46 extends over megabases. An upstream DNA segment (near HLA-DPA1), has close similarity to Gorilla, with no obvious homology to Chimpanzee in current databases, suggesting that a reticulate model of primate evolution may be more appropriate than simple phylogeny. The DNA variation level in this segment is high enough for it to be a hominin remnant. HLA-B46 arose in mongoloids and remains largely limited to Chinese so the question arises as to whether the hominin candidate segment indicates an eastward trek of Homo neanderthalensis or the survival of much earlier Homo erectus? In 2011 sequencing technologies have finally caught up with the requirement to separate parental haplotypes. Recently achieved chromosome separation for whole genome di-haploid genetic and epigenetic analysis of parental inheritance in single individuals will reveal interacting patterns of multi-locus haplotypes as humans move in and through successive environments, thus providing definitive information on the genetic affinities between extant populations, and of the migrations that have led to the global distribution of modern Homo. The challenge can now be met of seeking HLA-associated locations both within and outside the HLA complex on each of the pair of chromosomes. More broadly, for every disease, genetic risk detection will require resolution of the diploid genome as a di-haplome. In the context of NPC, HLA genetic risk complete autosomal di-haplomic sequencing will enable testing of the Wee unitary origin hypothesis of NPC risk even among populations with no apparent mongoloid affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm J Simons
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guandong 510060, PR China.
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31
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Hsu WL, Tse KP, Liang S, Chien YC, Su WH, Yu KJ, Cheng YJ, Tsang NM, Hsu MM, Chang KP, Chen IH, Chen TI, Yang CS, Goldstein AM, Chen CJ, Chang YS, Hildesheim A. Evaluation of human leukocyte antigen-A (HLA-A), other non-HLA markers on chromosome 6p21 and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42767. [PMID: 22880099 PMCID: PMC3413673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes (located in the Major Histocompatibility Complex [MHC] region of chromosome 6p21) and NPC has been known for some time. Recently, two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in Taiwan and China confirmed that the strongest evidence for NPC association was mapped to the MHC region. It is still unclear, however, whether these findings reflect direct associations with Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) genes and/or to other genes in this gene-rich region. METHODS To better understand genetic associations for NPC within the MHC region of chromosome 6, we conducted an evaluation that pooled two previously conducted NPC case-control studies in Taiwan (N = 591 cases and N = 521 controls). PCR-based genotyping was performed for 12 significant SNPs identified within 6p21 in the Taiwan NPC GWAS and for the HLA-A gene (exons 2 and 3). FINDINGS After confirming homogeneity between the two studies, pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by logistic regression. We found that HLA-A (p-trend = 0.0006) and rs29232 (within the GABBR1 gene; p-trend = 0.005) were independent risk factors for NPC after adjustment for age, gender, study and each other. NPC risk was highest among individuals who were homozygous for the HLA-A*0207 risk allele and carriers of the rs29232 risk allele (A). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that most of the SNPs significantly associated with NPC from GWAS reflect previously identified HLA-A associations. An independent effect of rs29232 (GABBR1), however, remained, suggesting that additional genes within this region might be associated with NPC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lun Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Po Tse
- Genome Medicine Core, Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,Taiwan
| | - Sharon Liang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yin-Chu Chien
- Molecular and Genomic Epidemiology Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hui Su
- Molecular Epidemiology Core, Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kelly J. Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yu-Juen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mow-Ming Hsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-How Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-I Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Czau-Siung Yang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Genome Medicine Core, Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan,Taiwan
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
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Zhao M, Cai H, Li X, Zheng H, Yang X, Fang W, Zhang L, Wei G, Li M, Yao K, Li X. Further evidence for the existence of major susceptibility of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the region near HLA-A locus in Southern Chinese. J Transl Med 2012; 10:57. [PMID: 22440091 PMCID: PMC3383544 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multi-factorial malignancy closely associated with environmental factors, genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus infection. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, specially the region near HLA-A locus, was regarded as a major candidate region bearing NPC genetic susceptibility loci in many previous studies including two recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies. To provide further evidence for the NPC susceptibility in the region near HLA-A locus based on other previous studies, we carried out a two-stage hospital-based case control association study including 535 sporadic NPC patients and 525 cancer-free control subjects from Guangdong, a high prevalence area of NPC in China. Methods 38 tag SNPs were initially selected by Heploview from the segment around HLA-A locus (from D6S211 to D6S510) and genotyped on GenomeLab SNPstream platform in 206 cases and 180 controls in the stage 1. Subsequently, the stage 1 significant SNPs and 17 additional SNPs were examined on another platform (Sequenom iPlex Assay) in another independent set of study population including 329 cases and 345 controls. Results Totally eight SNPs from the segment from D6S211 to D6S510 within HLA complex were found to be significantly associated with NPC. Two of the most significant SNPs (rs9260734 and rs2517716) located near to HLA-A and HCG9 respectively were in strong LD with some other SNPs of this region reported by two previous GWA studies. Meanwhile, Meanwhile, novel independent susceptibility loci (rs9404952, Pcombined = 6.6 × 10-5, OR combined = 1.45) was found to be close to HLA-G. Conclusion Therefore, our present study supports that the segment from D6S211 to D6S510 in HLA complex region might contain NPC susceptibility loci which indeed needs to be fully investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manli Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Abstract
Current knowledge is insufficient to explain why only a proportion of individuals exposed to environmental carcinogens or carrying a genetic predisposition to cancer develop disease. Clearly, other factors must be important, and one such element that has recently received attention is the human microbiome, the residential microbes including Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes, and viruses that colonize humans. Here, we review principles and paradigms of microbiome-related malignancy, as illustrated by three specific microbial-host interactions. We review the effects of the microbiota on local and adjacent neoplasia, present the estrobolome model of distant effects, and discuss the complex interactions with a latent virus leading to malignancy. These are separate facets of a complex biology interfacing all the microbial species we harbor from birth onward toward early reproductive success and eventual senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia S Plottel
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Hildesheim A, Wang CP. Genetic predisposition factors and nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk: a review of epidemiological association studies, 2000-2011: Rosetta Stone for NPC: genetics, viral infection, and other environmental factors. Semin Cancer Biol 2012; 22:107-16. [PMID: 22300735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
While infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is known to be an essential risk factor for the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), other co-factors including genetic factors are thought to play an important role. In this review, we summarize association studies conducted over the past decade to evaluate the role of genetic polymorphisms in NPC development. A review of the literature identified close to 100 studies, including 3 genome-wide association studies (GWAS), since 2000 that evaluated genetic polymorphisms and NPC risk in at least 100 NPC cases and 100 controls. Consistent evidence for associations were reported for a handful of genes, including immune-related HLA Class I genes, DNA repair gene RAD51L1, cell cycle control genes MDM2 and TP53, and cell adhesion/migration gene MMP2. However, for most of the genes evaluated, there was no effort to replicate findings and studies were largely modest in size, typically consisting of no more than a few hundred cases and controls. The small size of most studies, and the lack of attempts at replication have limited progress in understanding the genetics of NPC. Moving forward, if we are to advance our understanding of genetic factors involved in the development of NPC, and of the impact of gene-gene and gene-environment interations in the development of this disease, consortial efforts that pool across multiple, well-designed and coordinated efforts will most likely be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Hassen E, Ghedira R, Ghandri N, Farhat K, Gabbouj S, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Nouri A, Chouchane L. Lack of association between human leukocyte antigen-E alleles and nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Tunisians. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:603-9. [PMID: 21332388 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2010.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a cancer with a remarkable geographical and worldwide ethnic distribution, has been strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes. The presence of additional HLA risk factors has been suggested by several reports. In the present study, we analyzed the implication of HLA-E gene polymorphisms in NPC susceptibility in Tunisians, a population characterized by an intermediate incidence of NPC with specific clinical features. Peripheral blood DNA was obtained from 185 patients with NPC and 177 matched controls. Genotyping for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms, codon 83Gly/Arg, codon 157Arg/Gly, and codon 107Arg/Gly, was performed using the polymerase chain reaction method. The HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-E*01:03 were the only alleles found among Tunisians. The HLA-E*01:03 allele had a slight increase in patients with NPC (43%) compared with controls (37%), but the difference did not reach a statistical significance. Our results show the lack of association between HLA-E alleles and NPC in the Tunisian population. This is not in agreement with the previous studies, suggesting a potential implication of HLA-E gene polymorphisms in the susceptibility to NPC among populations with high-risk incidence. Our study further supports the dissimilarity of NPC between populations with different NPC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hassen
- Molecular Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.
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Tian W, Cai J, Liu X. MICA genetic polymorphism and HLA-A,C,B,MICA and DRB1 haplotypic variation in a southern Chinese Han population: Identification of two new MICA alleles, MICA*060 and MICA*062. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:510-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Ghandri N, Gabbouj S, Farhat K, Bouaouina N, Abdelaziz H, Nouri A, Chouchane L, Hassen E. Association of HLA-G polymorphisms with nasopharyngeal carcinoma risk and clinical outcome. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:150-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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