1
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Willis TW, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Wareham NJ, McKinney EF, Lyons PA, Smith KGC, Wallace C. Leveraging pleiotropy identifies common-variant associations with selective IgA deficiency. Clin Immunol 2024; 268:110356. [PMID: 39241920 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common inborn error of immunity (IEI). Unlike many IEIs, evidence of a role for highly penetrant rare variants in SIgAD is lacking. Previous SIgAD studies have had limited power to identify common variants due to their small sample size. We overcame this problem first through meta-analysis of two existing GWAS. This identified four novel common-variant associations and enrichment of SIgAD-associated variants in genes linked to Mendelian IEIs. SIgAD showed evidence of shared genetic architecture with serum IgA and a number of immune-mediated diseases. We leveraged this pleiotropy through the conditional false discovery rate procedure, conditioning our SIgAD meta-analysis on large GWAS of asthma and rheumatoid arthritis, and our own meta-analysis of serum IgA. This identified an additional 18 variants, increasing the number of known SIgAD-associated variants to 27 and strengthening the evidence for a polygenic, common-variant aetiology for SIgAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Willis
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eoin F McKinney
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Wallace
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Zhang K, Yu X, Zhang Y, Lu D, Yao X, Hong T, Ren Y, Chen L, Wang X. Identification of key genes in salivary gland in Sjögren's syndrome complicated with Hashimoto thyroiditis: Common pathogenesis and potential diagnostic markers. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35188. [PMID: 37773833 PMCID: PMC10545362 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) has been confirmed, but the common mechanism of its co-occurrence remains unknown. This study aims to further explore the underlying mechanism and biomarkers for the co-occurrence of SS and HT. The Gene Expression Omnibus databases were used to obtain gene expression profiles for SS (GSE127952 and GSE23117) and HT (GSE29315 and GSE138198). Following identifying SS and HT's shared differentially expressed genes, functional annotation, protein-protein interaction network creation, and module assembly were performed to discover hub genes. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to validate the expression of the hub genes in salivary glands. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was utilized to assess the discrimination of the hub genes as biomarkers in predicting SS, this study applied CIBERSORTx to analyze the immune infiltration in SS and HT in addition. A total of 48 common differentially expressed genes (48 upregulated genes and 0 downregulated genes) were chosen for further investigation. We analyzed the expression and function of PTPRC, CD69, IKZF1, and lymphocyte cytosolic protein 2 via H&E, immunohistochemistry, and ROC analysis. The 4 hub genes were mainly enriched in the T-cell receptor signaling pathway. We then evaluated and verified the diagnosis value of 4 hub genes in clinical minor labial gland biopsy of SS with HT, SS without HT, and non-SS. ROC analysis revealed that the 4 hub genes had a strong diagnostic value. Our study showed the common pathogenesis of SS and HT. These hub genes and diagnostic models may put forward some new insights for diagnosing and treating SS complicated with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Lu
- First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Yao
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Hong
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yating Ren
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liying Chen
- Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Carmona-Pérez L, Dagenais-Lussier X, Mai LT, Stögerer T, Swaminathan S, Isnard S, Rice MR, Barnes BJ, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J, Stäger S. The TLR7/IRF-5 axis sensitizes memory CD4+ T cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis during HIV-1 infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167329. [PMID: 37227774 PMCID: PMC10371351 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by inflammation and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) maintain residual levels of inflammation, a low degree of immune activation, and higher sensitivity to cell death in their memory CD4+ T cell compartment. To date, the mechanisms responsible for this high sensitivity remain elusive. We have identified the transcription factor IRF-5 to be involved in impairing the maintenance of murine CD4+ T cells during chronic infection. Here, we investigate whether IRF-5 also contributes to memory CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. We show that TLR7 and IRF-5 were upregulated in memory CD4+ T cells from PLWH, when compared with naturally protected elite controllers and HIVfree participants. TLR7 was upstream of IRF-5, promoting Caspase 8 expression in CD4+ T cells from ART HIV-1+ but not from HIVfree donors. Interestingly, the TLR7/IRF-5 axis acted synergistically with the Fas/FasL pathway, suggesting that TLR7 and IRF-5 expression in ART HIV-1+ memory CD4+ T cells represents an imprint that predisposes cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. This predisposition could be blocked using IRF-5 inhibitory peptides, suggesting IRF-5 blockade as a possible therapy to prevent memory CD4+ T cell loss in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liseth Carmona-Pérez
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Linh T. Mai
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tanja Stögerer
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sharada Swaminathan
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Hematology and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, and Infectiopôle-INRS, Laval, Quebec, Canada
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4
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Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:288-306. [PMID: 36914790 PMCID: PMC10010657 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00932-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
In primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), chronic inflammation of exocrine glands results in tissue destruction and sicca symptoms, primarily of the mouth and eyes. Fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia are also common symptoms, whereas extraglandular manifestations that involve the respiratory, nervous and vascular systems occur in a subset of patients. The disease predominantly affects women, with an estimated female to male ratio of 14 to 1. The aetiology of pSS, however, remains incompletely understood, and effective treatment is lacking. Large-scale genetic and epigenetic investigations have revealed associations between pSS and genes in both innate and adaptive immune pathways. The genetic variants mediate context-dependent effects, and both sex and environmental factors can influence the outcome. As such, genetic and epigenetic studies can provide insight into the dysregulated molecular mechanisms, which in turn might reveal new therapeutic possibilities. This Review discusses the genetic and epigenetic features that have been robustly connected with pSS, putting them into the context of cellular function, carrier sex and environmental challenges. In all, the observations point to several novel opportunities for early detection, treatment development and the pathway towards personalized medicine.
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5
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Conserva MR, Redavid I, Anelli L, Zagaria A, Tarantini F, Cumbo C, Tota G, Parciante E, Coccaro N, Minervini CF, Minervini A, Specchia G, Musto P, Albano F. IKAROS in Acute Leukemia: A Positive Influencer or a Mean Hater? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3282. [PMID: 36834692 PMCID: PMC9961161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
One key process that controls leukemogenesis is the regulation of oncogenic gene expression by transcription factors acting as tumor suppressors. Understanding this intricate mechanism is crucial to elucidating leukemia pathophysiology and discovering new targeted treatments. In this review, we make a brief overview of the physiological role of IKAROS and the molecular pathway that contributes to acute leukemia pathogenesis through IKZF1 gene lesions. IKAROS is a zinc finger transcription factor of the Krüppel family that acts as the main character during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis. It can activate or repress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, regulating the survival and proliferation of leukemic cells. More than 70% of Ph+ and Ph-like cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia exhibit IKZF1 gene variants, which are linked to worse treatment outcomes in both childhood and adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. In the last few years, much evidence supporting IKAROS involvement in myeloid differentiation has been reported, suggesting that loss of IKZF1 might also be a determinant of oncogenesis in acute myeloid leukemia. Considering the complicated "social" network that IKAROS manages in hematopoietic cells, we aim to focus on its involvement and the numerous alterations of molecular pathways it can support in acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosa Conserva
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Immacolata Redavid
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Anelli
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Zagaria
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Cumbo
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Tota
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Parciante
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Coccaro
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Crescenzio Francesco Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Minervini
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgina Specchia
- School of Medicine, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Albano
- Hematology Section, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, 70124 Bari, Italy
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6
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Liu C, Omilusik K, Toma C, Kurd NS, Chang JT, Goldrath AW, Wang W. Systems-level identification of key transcription factors in immune cell specification. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010116. [PMID: 36156073 PMCID: PMC9536753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial for regulating cell differentiation during the development of the immune system. However, the key TFs for orchestrating the specification of distinct immune cells are not fully understood. Here, we integrated the transcriptomic and epigenomic measurements in 73 mouse and 61 human primary cell types, respectively, that span the immune cell differentiation pathways. We constructed the cell-type-specific transcriptional regulatory network and assessed the global importance of TFs based on the Taiji framework, which is a method we have previously developed that can infer the global impact of TFs using integrated transcriptomic and epigenetic data. Integrative analysis across cell types revealed putative driver TFs in cell lineage-specific differentiation in both mouse and human systems. We have also identified TF combinations that play important roles in specific developmental stages. Furthermore, we validated the functions of predicted novel TFs in murine CD8+ T cell differentiation and showed the importance of Elf1 and Prdm9 in the effector versus memory T cell fate specification and Kdm2b and Tet3 in promoting differentiation of CD8+ tissue resident memory (Trm) cells, validating the approach. Thus, we have developed a bioinformatic approach that provides a global picture of the regulatory mechanisms that govern cellular differentiation in the immune system and aids the discovery of novel mechanisms in cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kyla Omilusik
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Clara Toma
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nadia S. Kurd
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - John T. Chang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ananda W. Goldrath
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Phalke S, Rivera-Correa J, Jenkins D, Flores Castro D, Giannopoulou E, Pernis AB. Molecular mechanisms controlling age-associated B cells in autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2022; 307:79-100. [PMID: 35102602 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) have emerged as critical components of immune responses. Their inappropriate expansion and differentiation have increasingly been linked to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, aging-associated diseases, and infections. ABCs exhibit a distinctive phenotype and, in addition to classical B cell markers, often express the transcription factor T-bet and myeloid markers like CD11c; hence, these cells are also commonly known as CD11c+ T-bet+ B cells. Formation of ABCs is promoted by distinctive combinations of innate and adaptive signals. In addition to producing antibodies, these cells display antigen-presenting and proinflammatory capabilities. It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the ABC compartment exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity, plasticity, and sex-specific regulation and that ABCs can differentiate into effector progeny via several routes particularly in autoimmune settings. In this review, we will discuss the initial insights that have been obtained on the molecular machinery that controls ABCs and we will highlight some of the unique aspects of this control system that may enable ABCs to fulfill their distinctive role in immune responses. Given the expanding array of autoimmune disorders and pathophysiological settings in which ABCs are being implicated, a deeper understanding of this machinery could have important and broad therapeutic implications for the successful, albeit daunting, task of targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Phalke
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Rivera-Correa
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Jenkins
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Danny Flores Castro
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Evgenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology & Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Immunogenetics of Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:213-257. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Xia R, Cheng Y, Han X, Wei Y, Wei X. Ikaros Proteins in Tumor: Current Perspectives and New Developments. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:788440. [PMID: 34950704 PMCID: PMC8689071 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.788440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ikaros is a zinc finger transcription factor (TF) of the Krüppel family member, which significantly regulates normal lymphopoiesis and tumorigenesis. Ikaros can directly initiate or suppress tumor suppressors or oncogenes, consequently regulating the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Over recent decades, a series of studies have been devoted to exploring and clarifying the relationship between Ikaros and associated tumors. Therapeutic strategies targeting Ikaros have shown promising therapeutic effects in both pre-clinical and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the increasingly prominent problem of drug resistance targeted to Ikaros and its analog is gradually appearing in our field of vision. This article reviews the role of Ikaros in tumorigenesis, the mechanism of drug resistance, the progress of targeting Ikaros in both pre-clinical and clinical trials, and the potential use of associated therapy in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruolan Xia
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Faia C, Plaisance-Bonstaff K, Vittori C, Wyczechowska D, Lassak A, Meyaski-Schluter M, Reiss K, Peruzzi F. Attenuated Negative Feedback in Monocyte-Derived Macrophages From Persons Living With HIV: A Role for IKAROS. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785905. [PMID: 34917094 PMCID: PMC8668949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persons living with HIV (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing secondary illnesses than their uninfected counterparts, suggestive of a dysfunctional immune system in these individuals. Upon exposure to pathogens, monocytes undergo epigenetic remodeling that results in either a trained or a tolerant phenotype, characterized by hyper-responsiveness or hypo-responsiveness to secondary stimuli, respectively. We utilized CD14+ monocytes from virally suppressed PLWH and healthy controls for in vitro analysis following polarization of these cells toward a pro-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) phenotype. We found that in PLWH-derived MDMs, pro-inflammatory signals (TNFA, IL6, IL1B, miR-155-5p, and IDO1) dominate over negative feedback signals (NCOR2, GSN, MSC, BIN1, and miR-146a-5p), favoring an abnormally trained phenotype. The mechanism of this reduction in negative feedback involves the attenuated expression of IKZF1, a transcription factor required for de novo synthesis of RELA during LPS-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, restoring IKZF1 expression in PLWH-MDMs partially reinstated expression of negative regulators of inflammation and lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Overall, this mechanism may provide a link between dysfunctional immune responses and susceptibility to co-morbidities in PLWH with low or undetectable viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Faia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Karlie Plaisance-Bonstaff
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Cecilia Vittori
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Dorota Wyczechowska
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Adam Lassak
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mary Meyaski-Schluter
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Krzysztof Reiss
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Francesca Peruzzi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine and Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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11
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Ban T, Kikuchi M, Sato GR, Manabe A, Tagata N, Harita K, Nishiyama A, Nishimura K, Yoshimi R, Kirino Y, Yanai H, Matsumoto Y, Suzuki S, Hihara H, Ito M, Tsukahara K, Yoshimatsu K, Yamamoto T, Taniguchi T, Nakajima H, Ito S, Tamura T. Genetic and chemical inhibition of IRF5 suppresses pre-existing mouse lupus-like disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4379. [PMID: 34282144 PMCID: PMC8290003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor IRF5 has been implicated as a therapeutic target for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, IRF5 activation status during the disease course and the effects of IRF5 inhibition after disease onset are unclear. Here, we show that SLE patients in both the active and remission phase have aberrant activation of IRF5 and interferon-stimulated genes. Partial inhibition of IRF5 is superior to full inhibition of type I interferon signaling in suppressing disease in a mouse model of SLE, possibly due to the function of IRF5 in oxidative phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that inhibition of IRF5 via conditional Irf5 deletion and a newly developed small-molecule inhibitor of IRF5 after disease onset suppresses disease progression and is effective for maintenance of remission in mice. These results suggest that IRF5 inhibition might overcome the limitations of current SLE therapies, thus promoting drug discovery research on IRF5 inhibitors. IRF5 is a potential target for therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here the authors show using mouse SLE-like models that genetic or chemical inhibition of IRF5 after SLE onset could be more effective than, or an add on for, currently utilised type I interferon inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuma Ban
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Masako Kikuchi
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Go R Sato
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Manabe
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noriko Tagata
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayo Harita
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yoshimi
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Kirino
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Inflammology, Social Cooperation Program, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroe Hihara
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Ito
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Yoshimatsu
- Tsukuba Research Laboratories, Eisai Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan.,RIN Institute Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Inflammology, Social Cooperation Program, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Stem Cell and Immune Regulation, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
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12
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Yan J, Pandey SP, Barnes BJ, Turner JR, Abraham C. T Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Regulates T Cell Signaling, Migration, and Differentiation and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107820. [PMID: 32610123 PMCID: PMC7409536 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF5 polymorphisms are associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, including ulcerative colitis. IRF5 contributions are attributed to its role in myeloid lineages. How T cell-intrinsic IRF5 contributes to inflammatory outcomes is not well understood. We identify a previously undefined key role for T cell-intrinsic IRF5. In mice, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells promotes Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines and decreases Th2-associated cytokines. IRF5 is required for the optimal assembly of the TCR-initiated signaling complex and downstream signaling at early times, and at later times binds to promoters of Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors and cytokines. IRF5 also regulates chemokine receptor-initiated signaling and, in turn, T cell migration. In vivo, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells enhances the severity of experimental colitis. Importantly, human CD4+ T cells from high IRF5-expressing disease-risk genetic carriers demonstrate increased chemokine-induced migration and Th1/Th17 cytokines and reduced Th2-associated and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data demonstrate key roles for T cell-intrinsic IRF5 in inflammatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surya P Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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13
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Furukawa K, Igarashi M, Jia H, Nogawa S, Kawafune K, Hachiya T, Takahashi S, Saito K, Kato H. A Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies the Association between the 12q24 Locus and Black Tea Consumption in Japanese Populations. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103182. [PMID: 33080986 PMCID: PMC7603176 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have reported the association between genetic variants and the habitual consumption of foods and drinks; however, no association data are available regarding the consumption of black tea. The present study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with black tea consumption in 12,258 Japanese participants. Data on black tea consumption were collected by a self-administered questionnaire, and genotype data were obtained from a single nucleotide polymorphism array. In the discovery GWAS, two loci met suggestive significance (p < 1.0 × 10-6). Three genetic variants (rs2074356, rs144504271, and rs12231737) at 12q24 locus were also significantly associated with black tea consumption in the replication stage (p < 0.05) and during the meta-analysis (p < 5.0 × 10-8). The association of rs2074356 with black tea consumption was slightly attenuated by the additional adjustment for alcohol drinking frequency. In conclusion, genetic variants at the 12q24 locus were associated with black tea consumption in Japanese populations, and the association is at least partly mediated by alcohol drinking frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Furukawa
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (M.I.); (K.S.)
| | - Maki Igarashi
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (M.I.); (K.S.)
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (M.I.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.K.); Tel./Fax: +81-3-5841-5116 (H.J.); +81-3-5841-1607 (H.K.)
| | - Shun Nogawa
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Kaoru Kawafune
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Hachiya
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
- Department of Genomic Data Analysis Service, Genome Analytics Japan Inc., 15-1-3205 Toyoshima-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0067, Japan
| | - Shoko Takahashi
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Kenji Saito
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (M.I.); (K.S.)
- Research and Development Department, Genequest Inc., 5-29-11 Siba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0014, Japan; (S.N.); (K.K.); (T.H.); (S.T.)
| | - Hisanori Kato
- Health Nutrition, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (K.F.); (M.I.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (H.K.); Tel./Fax: +81-3-5841-5116 (H.J.); +81-3-5841-1607 (H.K.)
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14
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Brune Z, Rice MR, Barnes BJ. Potential T Cell-Intrinsic Regulatory Roles for IRF5 via Cytokine Modulation in T Helper Subset Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32582209 PMCID: PMC7283537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is one of nine members of the IRF family of transcription factors. Although initially discovered as a key regulator of the type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine arm of the innate immune response, IRF5 has now been found to also mediate pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis and tumor suppression. Hyperactivation of IRF5 has been implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases, chief among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which patients often share similar characteristics in terms of autoantibody production and strong genetic risk factors, yet also possess unique disease signatures. IRF5 pathogenic alleles contribute one of the strongest risk factors for SLE disease development. Multiple models of murine lupus have shown that loss of Irf5 is protective against disease development. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory role(s) of IRF5 in driving SLE pathogenesis, labs have begun to examine the function of IRF5 in several immune cell types, including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A somewhat untouched area of research on IRF5 is in T cells, even though Irf5 knockout mice were reported to have skewing of T cell subsets from T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) toward T helper 2 (Th2), indicating a potential role for IRF5 in T cell regulation. However, most studies attributed this T cell phenotype in Irf5 knockout mice to dysregulation of antigen presenting cell function rather than an intrinsic role for IRF5 in T cells. In this review, we offer a different interpretation of the literature. The role of IRF5 in T cells, specifically its control of T cell effector polarization and the resultant T cell-mediated cytokine production, has yet to be elucidated. A strong understanding of the regulatory role(s) of this key transcription factor in T cells is necessary for us to grasp the full picture of the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Brune
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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15
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Chow KT, Wilkins C, Narita M, Green R, Knoll M, Loo YM, Gale M. Differential and Overlapping Immune Programs Regulated by IRF3 and IRF5 in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3036-3050. [PMID: 30297339 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the signaling pathways and cell type-specific responses of IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 5, an immune-regulatory transcription factor. We show that the protein kinases IKKα, IKKβ, IKKε, and TANK-binding kinase 1 each confer IRF5 phosphorylation/dimerization, thus extending the family of IRF5 activator kinases. Among primary human immune cell subsets, we found that IRF5 is most abundant in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Flow cytometric cell imaging revealed that IRF5 is specifically activated by endosomal TLR signaling. Comparative analyses revealed that IRF3 is activated in pDCs uniquely through RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling. Transcriptomic analyses of pDCs show that the partitioning of TLR7/IRF5 and RLR/IRF3 pathways confers differential gene expression and immune cytokine production in pDCs, linking IRF5 with immune regulatory and proinflammatory gene expression. Thus, TLR7/IRF5 and RLR-IRF3 partitioning serves to polarize pDC response outcome. Strategies to differentially engage IRF signaling pathways should be considered in the design of immunotherapeutic approaches to modulate or polarize the immune response for specific outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan T Chow
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and
| | - Courtney Wilkins
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Miwako Narita
- Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Niigata Prefecture 950-2181, Japan
| | - Richard Green
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Megan Knoll
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Yueh-Ming Loo
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109;
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16
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Kaur A, Lee LH, Chow SC, Fang CM. IRF5-mediated immune responses and its implications in immunological disorders. Int Rev Immunol 2018; 37:229-248. [PMID: 29985675 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2018.1469629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors are gene regulators that activate or repress target genes. One family of the transcription factors that have been extensively studied for their crucial role in regulating gene network in the immune system is the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). IRFs possess a novel turn-helix turn motif that recognizes a specific DNA consensus found in the promoters of many genes that are involved in immune responses. IRF5, a member of IRFs has recently gained much attention for its role in regulating inflammatory responses and autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the role of IRF5 in regulating immune cells functions and how the dysregulation of IRF5 contributes to the pathogenesis of immune disorders. We also review the latest findings of potential IRF5 inhibitors that modulate IRF5 activity in the effort of developing therapeutic approaches for treating inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwinder Kaur
- a School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Selangor Darul , Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- c School of Pharmacy , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor Darul , Ehsan , Malaysia.,e Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor Darul , Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Sek-Chuen Chow
- d School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor Darul , Ehsan , Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- b Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science , The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus , Selangor Darul , Ehsan , Malaysia
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17
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Regulation of age-associated B cells by IRF5 in systemic autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:407-419. [PMID: 29483597 PMCID: PMC6095139 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age-associated B cells (ABCs) are a T-bet–dependent B cell subset,
which accumulates prematurely in autoimmune settings. The pathways regulating
ABCs in autoimmunity are largely unknown. SWAP-70 and
DEF6 (also known as IBP or SLAT) are the only two
members of the SWEF family, a unique family of Rho GTPase-regulatory proteins
that controls both cytoskeletal dynamics and IRF4 activity. Notably,
DEF6 is a newly identified human SLE-risk variant. Here we
show that the lupus syndrome that developed in SWEF-deficient mice is
accompanied by the accumulation of ABCs, which produce autoantibodies upon
stimulation. ABCs from SWEF-deficient mice exhibited a distinctive transcriptome
and a unique chromatin landscape characterized by enrichment in motifs bound by
transcription factors of the IRF family, AP-1/BATF, and T-bet. Enhanced ABC
formation in SWEF-deficient mice was controlled by interleukin 21 (IL-21) and
IRF5, whose variants are strongly associated with lupus. The lack of SWEF
proteins led to dysregulated IRF5 activity in response to IL-21 stimulation.
These studies thus uncover a new genetic pathway controlling ABCs in
autoimmunity.
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18
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Sy BT, Hoan NX, Tong HV, Meyer CG, Toan NL, Song LH, Bock CT, Velavan TP. Genetic variants of interferon regulatory factor 5 associated with chronic hepatitis B infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:248-256. [PMID: 29375210 PMCID: PMC5768943 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate possible effects of IRF5 polymorphisms in the 3’ UTR region of the IFR5 locus on susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and progression of liver diseases among clinically classified Vietnamese patients.
METHODS Four IFR5 SNPs (rs13242262A/T, rs77416878C/T, rs10488630A/G, and rs2280714T/C) were genotyped in clinically classified HBV patients [chronic hepatitis B (CHB). n = 99; liver cirrhosis (LC), n = 131; hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), n = 149] and in 242 healthy controls by direct sequencing and TaqMan real-time PCR assays.
RESULTS Comparing patients and controls, no significant association was observed for the four IFR5 variants. However, the alleles rs13242262T and rs10488630G contributed to an increased risk of liver cirrhosis (LC vs CHB: OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.1-2.3, adjusted P = 0.04; LC vs CHB: OR = 1.7, 95%CI: 1.1-2.6, adjusted P = 0.019). Haplotype IRF5*TCGT constructed from 4 SNPs was observed frequently in LC compared to CHB patients (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.2-3.3, adjusted P = 0.008). Haplotype IRF5*TCAT occurred rather among CHB patients than in the other HBV patient groups (LC vs CHB: OR = 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.8, adjusted P = 0.03; HCC vs CHB: OR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.15-0.7, adjusted P = 0.003). The IRF5*TCAT haplotype was also associated with increased levels of ALT, AST and bilirubin.
CONCLUSION Our study shows that IFR5 variants may contribute as a host factor in determining the pathogenesis in chronic HBV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui Tien Sy
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Hoang Van Tong
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Military Central Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Claus-Thomas Bock
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13302, Germany
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Vietnamese-German Center of Excellence in Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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19
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Qu S, Du Y, Chang S, Guo L, Fang K, Li Y, Zhang F, Zhang K, Wang J. Common variants near IKZF1 are associated with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Han Chinese. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177320. [PMID: 28552951 PMCID: PMC5446195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systematic autoimmune disease with evidence of genetic predisposition. The IKZF1 (IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (Ikaros)) gene is located at 7p12.2, encodes a transcription factor related to chromatin remodeling, regulates lymphocyte differentiation, and has been reported to be associated with some autoimmune diseases. However, there have been no reports of an association between IKZF1 and pSS. To investigate the possibility of an association between the IKZF1 locus and pSS, we selected two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IKZF1 locus, rs4917129 and rs4917014, based on a detailed analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and performed genotyping in 665 Han Chinese pSS patients and 863 healthy controls. The results of an association test showed significant association signals (rs4917129: P-value = 5.5e-4, OR (odds ratio) = 0.72, 95% CI (confidence interval) = 0.60-0.87; rs4917014: P-value = 1.2e-3, OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.64-0.89). A meta-analysis that combined the above results with data from previous GWAS, further confirmed these associations (rs4917129: Pmeta = 4.24e-8, ORmeta = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.61-0.79; rs4917014: Pmeta = 6.0e-8, ORmeta = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.64-0.81). A bioinformatics analysis indicated that both SNPs were located in a putative enhancer area in immune-related cell lines and tissues. A protein-protein interaction analysis found that IKZF1, together with GTF2I (an SS susceptibility gene newly identified through GWAS), could interact with histone deacetylase family proteins. In summary, this is the first study to report an association between IKZF1 and SS in Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Qu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kechi Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengchun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (J. Wang); (K. Zhang)
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (J. Wang); (K. Zhang)
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20
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A critical role for IRF5 in regulating allergic airway inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:716-726. [PMID: 27759022 PMCID: PMC5266556 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a key transcription factor involved in the control of the expression of proinflammatory cytokine and responses to infection, but its role in regulating pulmonary immune responses to allergen is unknown. We used genetic ablation, adenoviral vector-driven overexpression, and adoptive transfer approaches to interrogate the role of IRF5 in pulmonary immunity and during challenge with the aeroallergen, house dust mite. Global IRF5 deficiency resulted in impaired lung function and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. IRF5 was also essential for effective responses to inhaled allergen, controlling airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus secretion, and eosinophilic inflammation. Adoptive transfer of IRF5-deficient alveolar macrophages into the wild-type pulmonary milieu was sufficient to drive airway hyperreactivity, at baseline or following antigen challenge. These data identify IRF5-expressing macrophages as a key component of the immune defense of the airways. Manipulation of IRF5 activity in the lung could therefore be a viable strategy for the redirection of pulmonary immune responses and, thus, the treatment of lung disorders.
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21
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Fan Y, Lu D. The Ikaros family of zinc-finger proteins. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:513-521. [PMID: 27818917 PMCID: PMC5071621 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ikaros represents a zinc-finger protein family important for lymphocyte development and certain other physiological processes. The number of family members is large, with alternative splicing producing various additional isoforms from each of the five homologous genes in the family. The functional forms of Ikaros proteins could be even more diverse due to protein–protein interactions readily established between family members. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting Ikaros proteins is feasible and effective in therapeutic applications, although the exact roles of Ikaros proteins remain elusive within the intricate regulatory networks in which they are involved. In this review we collect existing knowledge as to the functions, regulatory pathways, and molecular mechanisms of this family of proteins in an attempt to gain a better understanding through the comparison of activities and interactions among family members.
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Lyn Kinase Suppresses the Transcriptional Activity of IRF5 in the TLR-MyD88 Pathway to Restrain the Development of Autoimmunity. Immunity 2016; 45:319-32. [PMID: 27521268 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), a transcription factor critical for the induction of innate immune responses, contributes to the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans and mice. Lyn, a Src family kinase, is also implicated in human SLE, and Lyn-deficient mice develop an SLE-like disease. Here, we found that Lyn physically interacted with IRF5 to inhibit ubiquitination and phosphorylation of IRF5 in the TLR-MyD88 pathway, thereby suppressing the transcriptional activity of IRF5 in a manner independent of Lyn's kinase activity. Conversely, Lyn did not inhibit NF-κB signaling, another major branch downstream of MyD88. Monoallelic deletion of Irf5 alleviated the hyperproduction of cytokines in TLR-stimulated Lyn(-/-) dendritic cells and the development of SLE-like symptoms in Lyn(-/-) mice. Our results reveal a role for Lyn as a specific suppressor of the TLR-MyD88-IRF5 pathway and illustrate the importance of fine-tuning IRF5 activity for the maintenance of immune homeostasis.
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Liu QB, Wu L, Zhao GX, Cai PP, Li ZX, Wu ZY. Variants of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 are Associated with Neither Neuromyelitis Optica Nor Multiple Sclerosis in the Southeastern Han Chinese Population. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1743-7. [PMID: 26112714 PMCID: PMC4733726 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.159347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a common susceptibility gene to different autoimmune disorders. However, the association of IRF5 variants with NMO and MS patients has not been well studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate whether IRF5 variants were associated with NMO and MS in the Southeastern Han Chinese population. METHODS Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected and genotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry in 111 NMO patients, 145 MS patients and 300 controls from Southeastern China. RESULTS None of these 4 SNPs was associated with NMO or MS patients. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study indicates that genetic variants in IRF5 may affect neither NMO nor MS in the Southeastern Han Chinese population. Further studies with a large sample size and diverse ancestry populations are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350005; Department of Neurology, Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009; Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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24
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Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has been demonstrated as a key transcription factor of the immune system, playing important roles in modulating inflammatory immune responses in numerous cell types including dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. As well as driving the expression of type I interferon in antiviral responses, IRF5 is also crucial for driving macrophages toward a proinflammatory phenotype by regulating cytokine and chemokine expression and modulating B-cell maturity and antibody production. This review highlights the functional importance of IRF5 in a disease setting, by discussing polymorphic mutations at the human Irf5 locus that lead to susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In concordance with this, we also discuss lessons in IRF5 functionality learned from murine in vivo models of autoimmune disease and inflammation and hypothesize that modulation of IRF5 activity and expression could provide potential therapeutic benefits in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley L Eames
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Alastair L Corbin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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25
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Zhang XJ, Zhang P, Li H. Interferon regulatory factor signalings in cardiometabolic diseases. Hypertension 2015; 66:222-47. [PMID: 26077571 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.)
| | - Hongliang Li
- From the Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.) and Cardiovascular Research Institute (X.-J.Z., P.Z., H.L.), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, PR China (X.-J.Z.).
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26
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Kunz M, König IR, Schillert A, Kruppa J, Ziegler A, Grallert H, Müller-Nurasyid M, Lieb W, Franke A, Ranki A, Panelius J, Koskenmies S, Hasan T, Kere J, Rönn AC, Simon JC, Schmidt E, Wenzel J, Tüting T, Landsberg J, Zeller T, Blankenberg S, Gläser R, Patsinakidis N, Kuhn A, Ibrahim SM. Genome-wide association study identifies new susceptibility loci for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:510-5. [PMID: 25827949 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the skin with typical clinical manifestations. Here, we genotyped 906 600 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 183 CLE cases and 1288 controls of Central European ancestry. Replication was performed for 13 SNPs in 219 case subjects and 262 controls from Finland. Association was particularly pronounced at 4 loci, all with genomewide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8) ): rs2187668 (PGWAS = 1.4 × 10(-12) ), rs9267531 (PGWAS = 4.7 × 10(-10) ), rs4410767 (PGWAS = 1.0 × 10(-9) ) and rs3094084 (PGWAS = 1.1 × 10(-9) ). All mentioned SNPs are located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region of chromosome 6 and near genes of known immune functions or associations with other autoimmune diseases such as HLA-DQ alpha chain 1 (HLA-DQA1), MICA, MICB, MSH5, TRIM39 and RPP21. For example, TRIM39/RPP21 read through transcript is a known mediator of the interferon response, a central pathway involved in the pathogenesis of CLE and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Taken together, this genomewide analysis of disease association of CLE identified candidate genes and genomic regions that may contribute to pathogenic mechanisms in CLE via dysregulated antigen presentation (HLA-DQA1), apoptosis regulation, RNA processing and interferon response (MICA, MICB, MSH5, TRIM39 and RPP21).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inke R König
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Schillert
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jochen Kruppa
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, und Zentrum für Klinische Studien, Universität zu Lübeck, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Medicine I, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute for Epidemiology and Biobank popgen, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Panelius
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Koskenmies
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Hasan
- Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Central Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Medical Genetics, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ann-Charlotte Rönn
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Joerg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Regine Gläser
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Patsinakidis
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Annegret Kuhn
- Division of Immunogenetics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
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Xu S, Ou X, Huo J, Lim K, Huang Y, Chee S, Lam KP. Mir-17–92 regulates bone marrow homing of plasma cells and production of immunoglobulin G2c. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6764. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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28
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Ueta M, Sawai H, Sotozono C, Hitomi Y, Kaniwa N, Kim MK, Seo KY, Yoon KC, Joo CK, Kannabiran C, Wakamatsu TH, Sangwan V, Rathi V, Basu S, Ozeki T, Mushiroda T, Sugiyama E, Maekawa K, Nakamura R, Aihara M, Matsunaga K, Sekine A, Gomes JÁP, Hamuro J, Saito Y, Kubo M, Kinoshita S, Tokunaga K. IKZF1, a new susceptibility gene for cold medicine-related Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with severe mucosal involvement. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:1538-45.e17. [PMID: 25672763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and its severe form, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), are acute inflammatory vesiculobullous reactions of the skin and mucous membranes, including the ocular surface, oral cavity, and genitals. These reactions are very rare but are often associated with inciting drugs, infectious agents, or both. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify susceptibility loci for cold medicine-related SJS/TEN (CM-SJS/TEN) with severe mucosal involvement (SMI). METHODS A genome-wide association study was performed in 808 Japanese subjects (117 patients with CM-SJS/TEN with SMI and 691 healthy control subjects), and subsequent replication studies were performed in 204 other Japanese subjects (16 cases and 188 control subjects), 117 Korean subjects (27 cases and 90 control subjects), 76 Indian subjects (20 cases and 56 control subjects), and 174 Brazilian subjects (39 cases and 135 control subjects). RESULTS In addition to the most significant susceptibility region, HLA-A, we identified IKZF1, which encodes Ikaros, as a novel susceptibility gene (meta-analysis, rs4917014 [G vs. T]; odds ratio, 0.5; P = 8.5 × 10(-11)). Furthermore, quantitative ratios of the IKZF1 alternative splicing isoforms Ik1 and Ik2 were significantly associated with rs4917014 genotypes. CONCLUSION We identified IKZF1 as a susceptibility gene for CM-SJS/TEN with SMI not only in Japanese subjects but also in Korean and Indian subjects and showed that the Ik2/Ik1 ratio might be influenced by IKZF1 single nucleotide polymorphisms, which were significantly associated with susceptibility to CM-SJS/TEN with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Ueta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Center for Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sawai
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Hitomi
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nahoko Kaniwa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Yul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Choun-Ki Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chitra Kannabiran
- Prof Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Virender Sangwan
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Varsha Rathi
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayan Basu
- Cornea and Anterior Segment Services, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Takeshi Ozeki
- Research Group for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Research Group for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Emiko Sugiyama
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Maekawa
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Aihara
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsunaga
- Department of Dermatology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sekine
- EBM Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Research Group for Pharmacogenomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsushi Tokunaga
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Interferon regulatory factors: critical mediators of human lupus. Transl Res 2015; 165:283-95. [PMID: 25445206 PMCID: PMC4306637 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is multifactorial, and the interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play an important role. Autoantibodies formed in SLE target nuclear antigens, and immune complexes formed by these antibodies contain nucleic acid. These immune complexes can activate antiviral pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), resulting in the downstream activation of IRFs, which can induce type I interferon (IFN-I) and other inflammatory mediators. Genetic variations in IRFs have been associated with susceptibility to SLE, and current evidence supports the idea that these polymorphisms are gain of function in humans. Recent studies suggest that these genetic variations contribute to the break in humoral tolerance that allows for nucleic acid binding autoantibodies, and that the same polymorphisms also augment IFN-I production in the presence of these autoantibody immune complexes, forming a feed-forward loop. In this review, we will outline major features of the PRR/IRF systems and describe the role of the IRFs in human SLE pathogenesis.
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30
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Ryzhakov G, Eames HL, Udalova IA. Activation and Function of Interferon Regulatory Factor 5. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 35:71-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2014.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grigory Ryzhakov
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley L. Eames
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Irina A. Udalova
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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31
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Zanotti KJ, Maul RW, Castiblanco DP, Yang W, Choi YJ, Fox JT, Myung K, Saribasak H, Gearhart PJ. ATAD5 deficiency decreases B cell division and Igh recombination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:35-42. [PMID: 25404367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 5 (ATAD5) and its yeast homolog enhanced level of genomic instability 1 are responsible for unloading proliferating cell nuclear antigen from newly synthesized DNA. Prior work in HeLa and yeast cells showed that a decrease in ATAD5 protein levels resulted in accumulation of chromatin-bound proliferating cell nuclear antigen, slowed cell division, and increased genomic instability. In this study, B cells from heterozygous (Atad5(+/m)) mice were used to examine the effects of decreased cell proliferation on Ab diversity. ATAD5 haploinsufficiency did not change the frequency or spectrum of somatic hypermutation in Ab genes, indicating that DNA repair and error-prone DNA polymerase η usage were unaffected. However, immunized Atad5(+/m) mice had decreased serum IgG1 Abs, demonstrating a functional effect on class switch recombination. The mechanism of this altered immune response was then examined following ex vivo stimulation of splenic B cells, where Atad5(+/m) cells accumulated in the S phase of the cell cycle and had reduced proliferation compared with wild-type cells. These haploinsufficient cells underwent a significant decline in activation-induced deaminase expression, resulting in decreased switch region DNA double-strand breaks and interchromosomal translocations in the Igh locus. Class switch recombination to several isotypes was also reduced in Atad5(+/m) cells, although the types of end-joining pathways were not affected. These results describe a defect in DNA replication that affects Igh recombination via reduced cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Zanotti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Robert W Maul
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Diana P Castiblanco
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - William Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jennifer T Fox
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kyungjae Myung
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Huseyin Saribasak
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
| | - Patricia J Gearhart
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224; and
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Interferon regulatory factor 5-dependent immune responses in the draining lymph node protect against West Nile virus infection. J Virol 2014; 88:11007-21. [PMID: 25031348 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01545-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Upon activation of Toll-like and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways, the transcription factor IRF5 translocates to the nucleus and induces antiviral immune programs. The recent discovery of a homozygous mutation in the immunoregulatory gene guanine exchange factor dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (Dock2mu/mu) in several Irf5-/- mouse colonies has complicated interpretation of immune functions previously ascribed to IRF5. To define the antiviral functions of IRF5 in vivo, we infected backcrossed Irf5-/-×Dock2wt/wt mice (here called Irf5-/- mice) and independently generated CMV-Cre Irf5fl/fl mice with West Nile virus (WNV), a pathogenic neurotropic flavivirus. Compared to congenic wild-type animals, Irf5-/- and CMV-Cre Irf5fl/fl mice were more vulnerable to WNV infection, and this phenotype was associated with increased infection in peripheral organs, which resulted in higher virus titers in the central nervous system. The loss of IRF5, however, was associated with only small differences in the type I interferon response systemically and in the draining lymph node during WNV infection. Instead, lower levels of several other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as fewer and less activated immune cells, were detected in the draining lymph node 2 days after WNV infection. WNV-specific antibody responses in Irf5-/- mice also were blunted in the context of live or inactivated virus infection and this was associated with fewer antigen-specific memory B cells and long-lived plasma cells. Our results with Irf5-/- mice establish a key role for IRF5 in shaping the early innate immune response in the draining lymph node, which impacts the spread of virus infection, optimal B cell immunity, and disease pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Although the roles of IRF3 and IRF7 in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity after viral infection are established, the function of the related transcription factor IRF5 remains less certain. Prior studies in Irf5-/- mice reported conflicting results as to the contribution of IRF5 in regulating type I interferon and adaptive immune responses. The lack of clarity may stem from a recently discovered homozygous loss-of-function mutation of the immunoregulatory gene Dock2 in several colonies of Irf5-/- mice. Here, using a mouse model with a deficiency in IRF5 and wild-type Dock2 alleles, we investigated how IRF5 modulates West Nile virus (WNV) pathogenesis and host immune responses. Our in vivo studies indicate that IRF5 has a key role in shaping the early proinflammatory cytokine response in the draining lymph node, which impacts immunity and control of WNV infection.
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Lazzari E, Jefferies CA. IRF5-mediated signaling and implications for SLE. Clin Immunol 2014; 153:343-52. [PMID: 24928322 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Transcription of the type I IFN genes is regulated by members of the Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) family of transcription factors, composed in humans of 9 distinct proteins. In addition to IRF3 and IRF7, the transcription factor IRF5 has been shown to be involved in type I IFN production and interestingly, polymorphisms of the IRF5 gene in humans can result in risk or protective haplotypes with regard to SLE susceptibility. In addition to regulation of type I IFN expression, IRF5 is involved in other signaling pathways, including IgG switching in B cells, macrophage polarization and apoptosis, and its role in SLE pathogenesis may therefore not be limited to dysregulated control of IFN expression. In this review we will comprehensively discuss the role of IRF5 in immune-mediated responses and its potential multifaceted role in conferring SLE susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lazzari
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline A Jefferies
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Research Institute, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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34
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B cell transcription factors: Potential new therapeutic targets for SLE. Clin Immunol 2014; 152:140-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Dang J, Shan S, Li J, Zhao H, Xin Q, Liu Y, Bian X, Liu Q. Gene-gene interactions of IRF5, STAT4, IKZF1 and ETS1 in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 83:401-8. [PMID: 24697319 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) activation signaling and T helper 17 (Th17)-cell/B-cell regulation play a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several studies have provided convincing evidence that polymorphisms in IRF5, STAT4, IKZF1 and ETS1 from these pathways may be involved in SLE by affecting gene expression or epistasis. We analyzed the genetic interaction in known SLE susceptibility loci from the four genes in northern Han Chinese. A total of 946 northern Han Chinese participated in this study (370 unrelated SLE patients and 576 healthy controls). Subjects underwent genotyping for the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2004640 in IRF5, rs7574865 in STAT4, rs4917014 in IKZF1 and rs1128334 in ETS1 by use of a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay and direct sequencing. Gene-gene interaction analysis involved direct counting, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) and linear regression analysis. SLE patients and controls differed in allele frequencies of rs7574865, rs1128334 (P < 0.001) and rs4917014 (P < 0.01). Direct counting revealed that the frequency of risk homozygote combinations was higher for SLE patients than controls (P < 0.01). Furthermore, 2-, 3- and 4-way gene-gene epistasis in SLE was confirmed by parametric methods and MDR analysis. Gene expression analysis partially supported the findings. Our study confirmed the association of the IFN pathway or Th17/B-cells and the pathogenesis of SLE, and gene-gene interaction in this pathway may increase the risk of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Liang KC, Suzuki Y, Kumagai Y, Nakai K. Analysis of changes in transcription start site distribution by a classification approach. Gene 2014; 537:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Rogatsky I, Chandrasekaran U, Manni M, Yi W, Pernis AB. Epigenetics and the IRFs: A complex interplay in the control of immunity and autoimmunity. Autoimmunity 2013; 47:242-55. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.853050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multi-system autoimmune disease, whereas interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 belongs to the family of transcription factors that modulate immune system activities. Recently, many lines of investigations suggested that IRF5 gene polymorphisms are closely associated with the disease onset of SLE. Indeed, expressed in B cells, dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes and macrophages, IRF5 could significantly affect these immune cells participating in the pathogenesis of SLE, and numerous studies implied that this transcription factor is mechanistically linked to the disease progression. Here, we comprehensively review the updated evidence indicating the roles of IRF5 in autoimmune lupus. Hopefully, the information obtained will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis and development of novel therapeutic strategies for the systemic autoimmune disease.
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Yasuda K, Nündel K, Watkins AA, Dhawan T, Bonegio RG, Ubellacker JM, Marshak-Rothstein A, Rifkin IR. Phenotype and function of B cells and dendritic cells from interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient mice with and without a mutation in DOCK2. Int Immunol 2013; 25:295-306. [PMID: 23291967 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5-deficient (IRF5 (-/-) ) mice have been used for many studies of IRF5 biology. A recent report identifies a mutation in dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) as being responsible for the abnormal B-cell development phenotype observed in the IRF5 (-/-) line. Both dedicator of cytokinesis 2 (DOCK2) and IRF5 play important roles in immune cell function, raising the issue of whether immune effects previously associated with IRF5 are due to IRF5 or DOCK2. Here, we defined the insertion end-point of the DOCK2 mutation and designed a novel PCR to detect the mutation in genomic DNA. We confirmed the association of the DOCK2 mutation and the abnormal B-cell phenotype in our IRF5 (-/-) line and also established another IRF5 (-/-) line without the DOCK2 mutation. These two lines were used to compare the role of IRF5 in dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells in the presence or absence of the DOCK2 mutation. IRF5 deficiency reduces IFN-α, IFN-β and IL-6 production by Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)- and TLR7-stimulated DCs and reduces TLR7- and TLR9-induced IL-6 production by B cells to a similar extent in the two lines. Importantly however, IRF5 (-/-) mice with the DOCK2 mutation have higher serum levels of IgG1 and lower levels of IgG2b, IgG2a/c and IgG3 than IRF5 (-/-) mice without the DOCK2 mutation, suggesting that the DOCK2 mutation confers additional Th2-type effects. Overall, these studies help clarify the function of IRF5 in B cells and DCs in the absence of the DOCK2 mutation. In addition, the PCR described will be useful for other investigators using the IRF5 (-/-) mouse line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yasuda
- Department of Medicine, Renal Section, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Gene-gene and gene-sex epistatic interactions of MiR146a, IRF5, IKZF1, ETS1 and IL21 in systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51090. [PMID: 23236436 PMCID: PMC3517573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several confirmed genetic susceptibility loci involved in the interferon signaling and Th17/B cell response for SLE in Chinese Han populations have been described. Available data also indicate that sex-specific genetic differences contribute to SLE susceptibility. The aim of this study was to test for gene–gene/gene-sex epistasis (interactions) in these known lupus susceptibility loci. Six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MiR146a, IRF5, IKZF1, ETS1 and IL21 were genotyped by Sequenom MassArray system. A total of 1,825 subjects (858 SLE patients and 967 controls) were included in the final analysis. Epistasis was tested by additive model, multiplicative model and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. Additive interaction analysis revealed interactions between IRF5 and IKZF1 (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.48–3.44 [P = 1.21×104]). A similar tendency was also observed between IL21 and ETS1 by parametric methods. In addition, multiple high dimensional gene-gene or gene-sex interactions (three-and four-way) were identified by MDR analysis. Our study identified novel gene–gene/gene-sex interactions in lupus. Furthermore, these findings highlight sex, interferon pathway, and Th17/B cells as important contributors to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Hu SJ, Wen LL, Hu X, Yin XY, Cui Y, Yang S, Zhang XJ. IKZF1: a critical role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus? Mod Rheumatol 2012; 23:205-9. [PMID: 22782532 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ikaros family zinc finger 1, encoded by IKZF1, are lymphoid-restricted zinc finger transcription factors that share common N-terminal Kruppel-like zinc finger DNA-binding domain. IKZF1 play multiple important roles on regulators of lymphocyte differentiation and hematological tumor suppressor. Our genome-wide association (GWA) studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) independently identified genetic variants in IKZF1 associated with SLE, which are supported by other studies. Previous studies found that lower expression of IKZF1 may play critical roles in activating some signal pathways involved in SLE, such as signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)4 and interferon pathways. In addition, IKZF1 has been implicated in roles involved in some hematologic traits or abnormalities, such as erythrocyte measures, myelofibrosis, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which may be common clinical manifestations or co-occurrence hematological diseases of patients with SLE. All these findings suggest that IKZF1 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE. In this article, we discuss the existing understanding of the role of IKZF1 on the physiological and pathological functions associated with SLE, providing insights that may assist in the development of new therapeutic strategies based on IKZF1 for patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-juan Hu
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
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