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Hagedorn C, Kreppel F. Capsid Engineering of Adenovirus Vectors: Overcoming Early Vector-Host Interactions for Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 28:820-832. [PMID: 28854810 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus-based vectors comprise the most frequently used vector type in clinical studies to date. Both intense lab research and insights from the clinical trials reveal the importance of a comprehensive understanding of vector-host interactions. Especially for systemic intravenous adenovirus vector delivery, it is paramount to develop safe and efficacious vectors. Very early vector-host interactions that take place in blood long before the first cell is being transduced are phenomena triggered by the surface, shape, and size of the adenovirus vector particles. Not surprisingly, a multitude of different technologies ranging from genetics to chemistry has been developed to alter the adenovirus vector surface. In this review, we discuss the most important technologies and evaluate them for their suitability to overcome hurdles imposed by early vector-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hagedorn
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University , Witten, Germany
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University , Witten, Germany
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2
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Baker AT, Aguirre-Hernández C, Halldén G, Parker AL. Designer Oncolytic Adenovirus: Coming of Age. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E201. [PMID: 29904022 PMCID: PMC6025169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The licensing of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) represented a landmark moment for oncolytic virotherapy, since it provided unequivocal evidence for the long-touted potential of genetically modified replicating viruses as anti-cancer agents. Whilst T-Vec is promising as a locally delivered virotherapy, especially in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the quest continues for a virus capable of specific tumour cell killing via systemic administration. One candidate is oncolytic adenovirus (Ad); it’s double stranded DNA genome is easily manipulated and a wide range of strategies and technologies have been employed to empower the vector with improved pharmacokinetics and tumour targeting ability. As well characterised clinical and experimental agents, we have detailed knowledge of adenoviruses’ mechanisms of pathogenicity, supported by detailed virological studies and in vivo interactions. In this review we highlight the strides made in the engineering of bespoke adenoviral vectors to specifically infect, replicate within, and destroy tumour cells. We discuss how mutations in genes regulating adenoviral replication after cell entry can be used to restrict replication to the tumour, and summarise how detailed knowledge of viral capsid interactions enable rational modification to eliminate native tropisms, and simultaneously promote active uptake by cancerous tissues. We argue that these designer-viruses, exploiting the viruses natural mechanisms and regulated at every level of replication, represent the ideal platforms for local overexpression of therapeutic transgenes such as immunomodulatory agents. Where T-Vec has paved the way, Ad-based vectors now follow. The era of designer oncolytic virotherapies looks decidedly as though it will soon become a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Baker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Carmen Aguirre-Hernández
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Gunnel Halldén
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Alan L Parker
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Sharma PK, Dmitriev IP, Kashentseva EA, Raes G, Li L, Kim SW, Lu ZH, Arbeit JM, Fleming TP, Kaliberov SA, Goedegebuure SP, Curiel DT, Gillanders WE. Development of an adenovirus vector vaccine platform for targeting dendritic cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:27-38. [PMID: 29242639 PMCID: PMC5972836 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-017-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vector vaccines represent one of the most promising modern vaccine platforms, and Ad vector vaccines are currently being investigated in human clinical trials for infectious disease and cancer. Our studies have shown that specific targeting of adenovirus to dendritic cells dramatically enhanced vaccine efficacy. However, this was achieved using a molecular adapter, thereby necessitating a two component vector approach. To address the mandates of clinical translation of our strategy, we here sought to accomplish the goal of DC targeting with a single-component adenovirus vector approach. To redirect the specificity of Ad vector vaccines, we replaced the Ad fiber knob with fiber-fibritin chimeras fused to DC1.8, a single-domain antibody (sdAb) specific for murine immature DC. We engineered a fiber-fibritin-sdAb chimeric molecule using the coding sequence for DC1.8, and then replaced the native Ad5 fiber knob sequence by homologous recombination. The resulting Ad5 virus, Ad5FF1.8, expresses the chimeric fiber-fibritin sdAb chimera. Infection with Ad5FF1.8 dramatically enhances transgene expression in DC2.4 dendritic cells compared with infection with native Ad5. Ad5FF1.8 infection of bone marrow-derived DC demonstrates that Ad5FF1.8 selectively infects immature DC consistent with the known specificity of DC1.8. Thus, sdAb can be used to selectively redirect the tropism of Ad5 vector vaccines, providing the opportunity to engineer Ad vector vaccines that are specifically targeted to DC, or specific DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Cancer Biology Division, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elena A Kashentseva
- Cancer Biology Division, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Geert Raes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lijin Li
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Samuel W Kim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhi-Hong Lu
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Arbeit
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy P Fleming
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sergey A Kaliberov
- Cancer Biology Division, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - William E Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- The Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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4
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De A, Kuppusamy G, Karri VVSR. Affibody molecules for molecular imaging and targeted drug delivery in the management of breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 107:906-919. [PMID: 28935537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading reasons for the morbidity and mortality of cancer related death globally. The modern therapies are basically the combination of the breast-preserving surgeries or ablation with or without node biopsy or destroying the carcinoma cells adjuvant with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal or biological therapies depending upon the nature of the receptor of the cancerous cells, nature of the lymph node, as well as the tendency of the recurrence. For decade's carcinoma management suffered by the limitation of imagining, targeting and penetrability problem associated with management and cure of this deadly disease leads to unwanted chemo-toxicity and side effects. Alike other antibody mimetics, affibodies are designed with the combinatorial protein engineering approaches which are small and robust protein scaffolds retaining the favorable folding and stability. Affibody is one of the significantly important tools for imaging and diagnosis of the affinity specific over expressed proteins in the breast cancer management. The review summarizes the various affibody strategies uses in the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita De
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Guenther CM, Kuypers BE, Lam MT, Robinson TM, Zhao J, Suh J. Synthetic virology: engineering viruses for gene delivery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:548-58. [PMID: 25195922 PMCID: PMC4227300 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The success of gene therapy relies heavily on the performance of vectors that can effectively deliver transgenes to desired cell populations. As viruses have evolved to deliver genetic material into cells, a prolific area of research has emerged over the last several decades to leverage the innate properties of viruses as well as to engineer new features into them. Specifically, the field of synthetic virology aims to capitalize on knowledge accrued from fundamental virology research in order to design functionally enhanced gene delivery vectors. The enhanced viral vectors, or 'bionic' viruses, feature engineered components, or 'parts', that are natural (intrinsic to viruses or from other organisms) and synthetic (such as man-made polymers or inorganic nanoparticles). Various design strategies--rational, combinatorial, and pseudo-rational--have been pursued to create the hybrid viruses. The gene delivery vectors of the future will likely criss-cross the boundaries between natural and synthetic domains to harness the unique strengths afforded by the various functional parts that can be grafted onto virus capsids. Such research endeavors will further expand and enable enhanced control over the functional capacity of these nanoscale devices for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brianna E. Kuypers
- Systems, Synthetic, and Physical Biology Program, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
| | - Michael T. Lam
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
| | | | - Julia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005
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6
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Peptide-based technologies to alter adenoviral vector tropism: ways and means for systemic treatment of cancer. Viruses 2014; 6:1540-63. [PMID: 24699364 PMCID: PMC4014709 DOI: 10.3390/v6041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fundamental progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and the arrival of the post-genomic era, increasing numbers of therapeutic genes and cellular targets are available for gene therapy. Meanwhile, the most important challenge is to develop gene delivery vectors with high efficiency through target cell selectivity, in particular under in situ conditions. The most widely used vector system to transduce cells is based on adenovirus (Ad). Recent endeavors in the development of selective Ad vectors that target cells or tissues of interest and spare the alteration of all others have focused on the modification of the virus broad natural tropism. A popular way of Ad targeting is achieved by directing the vector towards distinct cellular receptors. Redirecting can be accomplished by linking custom-made peptides with specific affinity to cellular surface proteins via genetic integration, chemical coupling or bridging with dual-specific adapter molecules. Ideally, targeted vectors are incapable of entering cells via their native receptors. Such altered vectors offer new opportunities to delineate functional genomics in a natural environment and may enable efficient systemic therapeutic approaches. This review provides a summary of current state-of-the-art techniques to specifically target adenovirus-based gene delivery vectors.
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Matsui H, Sakurai F, Katayama K, Abe Y, Machitani M, Kurachi S, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. A targeted adenovirus vector displaying a human fibronectin type III domain-based monobody in a fiber protein. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4191-4201. [PMID: 23473963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major drawback of adenovirus (Ad) vectors is their nonspecific transduction into various types of cells or tissue after in vivo application, which might lead to unexpected toxicity and tissue damage. To overcome this problem, we developed a fiber-mutant Ad vector displaying a monobody specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in the C-terminus of the knobless fiber protein derived from T4 phage fibritin. A monobody, which is a single domain antibody mimic based on the tenth human fibronectin type III domain scaffold with a structure similar to the variable domains of antibodies, would be suitable as a targeting molecule for display on the Ad capsid proteins because of its highly stable structure even under reducing conditions and low molecular weight (approximately 10 kDa). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that the monobody-displaying Ad vector specifically bound to the targeted molecules, leading to significant increases in cellular binding and transduction efficiencies in the targeted cells. Transduction with the monobody-displaying Ad vectors was significantly inhibited in the presence of the Fc-chimera protein of EGFR and VEGFR2. This monobody-displaying Ad vector would be a crucial resource for targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Matsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kurachi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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8
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Abstract
Cancer gene therapy approaches have benefited greatly from the utilization of molecular-based therapeutics. Of these, adenovirus-based interventions hold much promise as a platform for targeted therapeutic delivery to tumors. However, a barrier to this progression is the lack of native adenovirus receptor expression on a variety of cancer types. As such, any adenovirus-based cancer therapy must take into consideration retargeting the vector to nonnative cellular surface receptors. Predicated upon the knowledge gained in native adenovirus biology, several strategies to transductionally retarget adenovirus have emerged. Herein, we describe the biological hurdles as well as strategies utilized in adenovirus transductional targeting, covering the progress of both adapter-based and genetic manipulation-based targeting. Additionally, we discuss recent translation of these targeting strategies into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Beatty
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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9
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Reetz J, Herchenröder O, Schmidt A, Pützer BM. Vector Technology and Cell Targeting: Peptide-Tagged Adenoviral Vectors as a Powerful Tool for Cell Specific Targeting. Regen Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Mascini M, Palchetti I, Tombelli S. Nucleic acid and peptide aptamers: fundamentals and bioanalytical aspects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 51:1316-32. [PMID: 22213382 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201006630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years new nucleic acid and protein-based combinatorial molecules have attracted the attention of researchers working in various areas of science, ranging from medicine to analytical chemistry. These molecules, called aptamers, have been proposed as alternatives to antibodies in many different applications. The aim of this Review is to illustrate the peculiarities of these combinatorial molecules which have initially been explored for their importance in molecular medicine, but have enormous potential in other biotechnological fields historically dominated by antibodies, such as bioassays. A description of these molecules is given, and the methods for their selection and production are also summarized. Moreover, critical aspects related to these molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mascini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Mascini M, Palchetti I, Tombelli S. Nucleinsäure- und Peptidaptamere: Grundlagen und bioanalytische Aspekte. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201006630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Magnusson MK, Kraaij R, Leadley RM, De Ridder CMA, van Weerden WM, Van Schie KAJ, Van der Kroeg M, Hoeben RC, Maitland NJ, Lindholm L. A transductionally retargeted adenoviral vector for virotherapy of Her2/neu-expressing prostate cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 23:70-82. [PMID: 21875358 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-based gene therapy of solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, is limited. One of the many problems is that the virus infects many different cell types in the body, resulting in high toxicity, whereas the target cancer cells are often less prone to wild-type Ad infection. Our aim was to develop genetically de- and retargeted Ad vectors to reduce off-target effects and increase target infection for prostate cancer. We have previously reported an Ad5 vector specific for the cancer-associated receptor Her2/neu, created by inserting Her2/neu-reactive Affibody(®) molecules (ZH) into the HI loop of a coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor binding-ablated fiber (Ad[ZH/1]). In addition to virus retargeting to Her2/neu, this virus was further modified from wild-type Ad by changing the RGD motif in the penton base to EGD and by substitution of the KKTK motif in the third shaft repeat to RKSK, resulting in the vector Ad[ZH/3]. The ZH-containing vectors could be produced to high titers and were specific for their target, resulting in efficient infection and killing of Her2/neu-positive androgen-dependent PC346C prostate cancer cells in vitro. Here we show that the oncolytic Ad[ZH/3] vector significantly prolonged survival time and reduced serum prostate-specific antigen levels in an orthotopic prostate tumor model in nude mice to the same extent as wild-type Ad5. Our results show that Her2/neu targeting using Ad-based vectors for prostate cancer is feasible and may serve as a basis for the development of gene therapy of human prostate cancer as well as other Her2/neu-expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg , 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Löfblom J, Frejd FY, Ståhl S. Non-immunoglobulin based protein scaffolds. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:843-8. [PMID: 21726995 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-immunoglobulin based protein scaffolds have been reported as promising alternatives to traditional monoclonal antibodies for over a decade and are often mentioned as part of the next-generation immunotherapeutics. Today, this class of biologics is beginning to demonstrate its potential for therapeutic applications and several are currently in preclinical or clinical development. A common denominator for most of these new scaffolds is the attractive properties that differentiate them from monoclonal antibodies including small size, cysteine-free sequence, flexible pharmacokinetic properties, and ease of generating multispecific molecules. In addition to therapeutic applications, substantial evidence point to superior performance of several of these scaffolds in molecular imaging compared to full-length antibodies. Here we review the most recent progress using alternative protein scaffolds for therapy and medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Löfblom
- Division of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Stadler LKJ, Hoffmann T, Tomlinson DC, Song Q, Lee T, Busby M, Nyathi Y, Gendra E, Tiede C, Flanagan K, Cockell SJ, Wipat A, Harwood C, Wagner SD, Knowles MA, Davis JJ, Keegan N, Ferrigno PK. Structure-function studies of an engineered scaffold protein derived from Stefin A. II: Development and applications of the SQT variant. Protein Eng Des Sel 2011; 24:751-63. [PMID: 21616931 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzr019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Constrained binding peptides (peptide aptamers) may serve as tools to explore protein conformations and disrupt protein-protein interactions. The quality of the protein scaffold, by which the binding peptide is constrained and presented, is of crucial importance. SQT (Stefin A Quadruple Mutant-Tracy) is our most recent development in the Stefin A-derived scaffold series. Stefin A naturally uses three surfaces to interact with its targets. SQT tolerates peptide insertions at all three positions. Peptide aptamers in the SQT scaffold can be expressed in bacterial, yeast and human cells, and displayed as a fusion to truncated pIII on phage. Peptides that bind to CDK2 can show improved binding in protein microarrays when presented by the SQT scaffold. Yeast two-hybrid libraries have been screened for binders to the POZ domain of BCL-6 and to a peptide derived from PBP2', specific to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Presentation of the Noxa BH3 helix by SQT allows specific interaction with Mcl-1 in human cells. Together, our results show that Stefin A-derived scaffolds, including SQT, can be used for a variety of applications in cellular and molecular biology. We will henceforth refer to Stefin A-derived engineered proteins as Scannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kurt Josef Stadler
- Section of Experimental Therapeutics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Viru L, Heller G, Lehto T, Pärn K, El Andaloussi S, Langel Ü, Merits A. Novel viral vectors utilizing intron splice-switching to activate genome rescue, expression and replication in targeted cells. Virol J 2011; 8:243. [PMID: 21595942 PMCID: PMC3113310 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outcome of virus infection depends from the precise coordination of viral gene expression and genome replication. The ability to control and regulate these processes is therefore important for analysis of infection process. Viruses are also useful tools in bio- and gene technology; they can efficiently kill cancer cells and trigger immune responses to tumors. However, the methods for constructing tissue- or cell-type specific viruses typically suffer from low target-cell specificity and a high risk of reversion. Therefore novel and universal methods of regulation of viral infection are also important for therapeutic application of virus-based systems. METHODS Aberrantly spliced introns were introduced into crucial gene-expression units of adenovirus vector and alphavirus DNA/RNA layered vectors and their effects on the viral gene expression, replication and/or the release of infectious genomes were studied in cell culture. Transfection of the cells with splice-switching oligonucleotides was used to correct the introduced functional defect(s). RESULTS It was demonstrated that viral gene expression, replication and/or the release of infectious genomes can be blocked by the introduction of aberrantly spliced introns. The insertion of such an intron into an adenovirus vector reduced the expression of the targeted gene more than fifty-fold. A similar insertion into an alphavirus DNA/RNA layered vector had a less dramatic effect; here, only the release of the infectious transcript was suppressed but not the subsequent replication and spread of the virus. However the insertion of two aberrantly spliced introns resulted in an over one hundred-fold reduction in the infectivity of the DNA/RNA layered vector. Furthermore, in both systems the observed effects could be reverted by the delivery of splice-switching oligonucleotide(s), which corrected the splicing defects. CONCLUSIONS Splice-switch technology, originally developed for genetic disease therapy, can also be used to control gene expression of viral vectors. This approach represents a novel, universal and powerful method for controlling gene expression, replication, viral spread and, by extension, virus-induced cytotoxic effects and can be used both for basic studies of virus infection and in virus-based gene- and anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane Viru
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Enhanced transduction efficiency of fiber-substituted adenovirus vectors by the incorporation of RGD peptides in two distinct regions of the adenovirus serotype 35 fiber knob. Virus Res 2011; 155:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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de Vrij J, Willemsen RA, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC, Bangma CH, Barber C, Behr JP, Briggs S, Carlisle R, Cheng WS, Dautzenberg IJC, de Ridder C, Dzojic H, Erbacher P, Essand M, Fisher K, Frazier A, Georgopoulos LJ, Jennings I, Kochanek S, Koppers-Lalic D, Kraaij R, Kreppel F, Magnusson M, Maitland N, Neuberg P, Nugent R, Ogris M, Remy JS, Scaife M, Schenk-Braat E, Schooten E, Seymour L, Slade M, Szyjanowicz P, Totterman T, Uil TG, Ulbrich K, van der Weel L, van Weerden W, Wagner E, Zuber G. Adenovirus-derived vectors for prostate cancer gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:795-805. [PMID: 19947826 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death among men in Western countries. Whereas the survival rate approaches 100% for patients with localized cancer, the results of treatment in patients with metastasized prostate cancer at diagnosis are much less successful. The patients are usually presented with a variety of treatment options, but therapeutic interventions in prostate cancer are associated with frequent adverse side effects. Gene therapy and oncolytic virus therapy may constitute new strategies. Already a wide variety of preclinical studies has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of such approaches, with oncolytic prostate-specific adenoviruses as the most prominent vector. The state of the art and future prospects of gene therapy in prostate cancer are reviewed, with a focus on adenoviral vectors. We summarize advances in adenovirus technology for prostate cancer treatment and highlight areas where further developments are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen de Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Tropism-modification strategies for targeted gene delivery using adenoviral vectors. Viruses 2010; 2:2290-2355. [PMID: 21994621 PMCID: PMC3185574 DOI: 10.3390/v2102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high efficiency, targeted gene delivery with adenoviral vectors is a long-standing goal in the field of clinical gene therapy. To achieve this, platform vectors must combine efficient retargeting strategies with detargeting modifications to ablate native receptor binding (i.e. CAR/integrins/heparan sulfate proteoglycans) and “bridging” interactions. “Bridging” interactions refer to coagulation factor binding, namely coagulation factor X (FX), which bridges hepatocyte transduction in vivo through engagement with surface expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). These interactions can contribute to the off-target sequestration of Ad5 in the liver and its characteristic dose-limiting hepatotoxicity, thereby significantly limiting the in vivo targeting efficiency and clinical potential of Ad5-based therapeutics. To date, various approaches to retargeting adenoviruses (Ad) have been described. These include genetic modification strategies to incorporate peptide ligands (within fiber knob domain, fiber shaft, penton base, pIX or hexon), pseudotyping of capsid proteins to include whole fiber substitutions or fiber knob chimeras, pseudotyping with non-human Ad species or with capsid proteins derived from other viral families, hexon hypervariable region (HVR) substitutions and adapter-based conjugation/crosslinking of scFv, growth factors or monoclonal antibodies directed against surface-expressed target antigens. In order to maximize retargeting, strategies which permit detargeting from undesirable interactions between the Ad capsid and components of the circulatory system (e.g. coagulation factors, erythrocytes, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies), can be employed simultaneously. Detargeting can be achieved by genetic ablation of native receptor-binding determinants, ablation of “bridging interactions” such as those which occur between the hexon of Ad5 and coagulation factor X (FX), or alternatively, through the use of polymer-coated “stealth” vectors which avoid these interactions. Simultaneous retargeting and detargeting can be achieved by combining multiple genetic and/or chemical modifications.
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Löfblom J, Feldwisch J, Tolmachev V, Carlsson J, Ståhl S, Frejd F. Affibody molecules: Engineered proteins for therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological applications. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2670-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Fang L, Pu YY, Hu XC, Sun LJ, Luo HM, Pan SK, Gu JZ, Cao XR, Su CQ. Antiangiogenesis gene armed tumor-targeting adenovirus yields multiple antitumor activities in human HCC xenografts in nude mice. Hepatol Res 2010; 40:216-28. [PMID: 19788685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1872-034x.2009.00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Gene therapy represents a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve the ratio of killing efficacy on tumor cells to side-effect on normal cells, we constructed an oncolytic adenovirus vector, AdSu-hE, expressing the human endostatin (hE) gene, in which the chimeric promoter of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 enhancer and human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was used to control the adenoviral E1a gene. METHODS Tumor-selective replication of adenovirus AdSu-hE and its concomitant expression of endostatin were measured by 50% tissue culture infective dose method, fluorescent protein expression, Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in cancer and normal cell lines. The antitumor efficacy was observed in nude mice bearing human HCCs. RESULTS The oncolytic adenovirus AdSu-hE replicated restrictedly in telomerase-positive cancer cells and resulted in oncolysis, but did not replicate in normal cell lines. Along with virus replication, AdSu-hE mediated 5-fold increased expression of endostatin in tumor cells compared with that in normal cells. Moreover, AdSu-hE expressed more endostatin in cancer cells than the non-replicative adenovirus vector Ad-hE. In vivo administration of the oncolytic adenovirus AdSu-hE into HCC-bearing nude mice produced a significant tumor reduction by synergistic effects of virus oncolysis and endostatin antiangiogenesis. CONCLUSION The oncolytic virus with antiangiogenesis gene driven by the chimeric promoter has an improved killing efficacy on tumor cells, and may be useful for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Grönwall C, Ståhl S. Engineered affinity proteins—Generation and applications. J Biotechnol 2009; 140:254-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Revised: 12/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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