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Nogales M, Guerrero-Campos M, Boulesteix T, Taquet N, Beierkuhnlein C, Campion R, Fajardo S, Zurita N, Arechavaleta M, García R, Weiser F, Medina FM. The fate of terrestrial biodiversity during an oceanic island volcanic eruption. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19344. [PMID: 36369519 PMCID: PMC9652411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Volcanic activity provides a unique opportunity to study the ecological responses of organisms to catastrophic environmental destruction as an essential driver of biodiversity change on islands. However, despite this great scientific interest, no study of the biodiversity at an erupting volcano has yet been undertaken. On La Palma (Canary archipelago), we quantified the main species affected and their fate during the 85-day eruption (September-December 2021). Our main objective consisted of monitoring the biodiversity subjected to critical stress during this volcanic eruption. We found that all biodiversity within a 2.5 km radius was severely affected after the first two weeks. It is challenging to assess whether volcanism can drive evolutionary traits of insular organisms. Examples are the adaptation of an endemic conifer to high temperatures, selection of functional plant types-secondary woodiness-, effects of the disappearance of invertebrates and their influence in trophic nets and vertebrate trophic plasticity. However, our data suggest that such previous evolutionary changes might continue to favour their resilience during this eruption. Lastly, it is a very good opportunity to assess the extent to which these periodic volcanic catastrophes may constitute temporary windows of repeated opportunities for the evolution and speciation of oceanic island biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nogales
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Francisco Sánchez No. 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - María Guerrero-Campos
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Francisco Sánchez No. 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain ,Área de Medio Ambiente, Gestión y Planeamiento Territorial y Ambiental (Gesplan S.A.), Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain ,grid.10215.370000 0001 2298 7828Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Thomas Boulesteix
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Francisco Sánchez No. 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Noémie Taquet
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Francisco Sánchez No. 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Bayreuth, Germany ,grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany ,Geographical Institute Bayreuth (GIB), Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Robin Campion
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Departamento de Vulcanología, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Fajardo
- Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Nieves Zurita
- Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Manuel Arechavaleta
- Servicio de Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Canarias, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rafael García
- grid.4711.30000 0001 2183 4846Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. Francisco Sánchez No. 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands Spain ,C/ San Miguel No. 9, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Frank Weiser
- grid.7384.80000 0004 0467 6972Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Félix M. Medina
- Unidad de Biodiversidad, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Cabildo de La Palma, Santa Cruz de La Palma, Canary Islands Spain
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Miranda JC, Lehmann MM, Saurer M, Altman J, Treydte K. Insight into Canary Island pine physiology provided by stable isotope patterns of water and plant tissues along an altitudinal gradient. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:1611-1626. [PMID: 33824979 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Canary Islands, an archipelago east of Morocco's Atlantic coast, present steep altitudinal gradients covering various climatic zones from hot deserts to subalpine Mediterranean, passing through fog-influenced cloud forests. Unlike the majority of the Canarian flora, Pinus canariensis C. Sm. ex DC. in Buch grow along most of these gradients, allowing the study of plant functioning in contrasting ecosystems. Here we assess the water sources (precipitation, fog) of P. canariensis and its physiological behavior in its different natural environments. We analyzed carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of water and organics from atmosphere, soil and different plant organs and tissues (including 10-year annual time series of tree-ring cellulose) of six sites from 480 to 1990 m above sea level on the Canary Island La Palma. We found a decreasing δ18O trend in source water that was overridden by an increasing δ18O trend in needle water, leaf assimilates and tree-ring cellulose with increasing altitude, suggesting site-specific tree physiological responses to relative humidity. Fog-influenced and fog-free sites showed similar δ13C values, suggesting photosynthetic activity to be limited by stomatal closure and irradiance at certain periods. In addition, we observed an 18O-depletion (fog-free and timberline sites) and 13C-depletion (fog-influenced and fog-free sites) in latewood compared with earlywood caused by seasonal differences in: (i) water uptake (i.e., deeper ground water during summer drought, fog water frequency and interception) and (ii) meteorological conditions (stem radial growth and latewood δ18O correlated with winter precipitation). In addition, we found evidence for foliar water uptake and strong isotopic gradients along the pine needle axis in water and assimilates. These gradients are likely the reason for an unexpected underestimation of pine needle water δ18O when applying standard leaf water δ18O models. Our results indicate that soil water availability and air humidity conditions are the main drivers of the physiological behavior of pine along the Canary Island's altitudinal gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Miranda
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Jan Altman
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, 25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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Weigel R, Irl SDH, Treydte K, Beierkuhnlein C, Berels J, Field R, Miranda JC, Steinbauer A, Steinbauer MJ, Jentsch A. A novel dendroecological method finds a non-linear relationship between elevation and seasonal growth continuity on an island with trade wind-influenced water availability. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply070. [PMID: 30619543 PMCID: PMC6306105 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Climatic seasonality drives ecosystem processes (e.g. productivity) and influences plant species distribution. However, it is poorly understood how different aspects of seasonality (especially regarding temperature and precipitation) affect growth continuity of trees in climates with low seasonality because seasonality is often only crudely measured. On islands, exceptionally wide elevational species distribution ranges allow the use of tree rings to identify how growth continuity and climate-growth relationships change with elevation. Here, we present a novel dendroecological method to measure stem growth continuity based on annual density fluctuations (ADFs) in tree rings of Pinus canariensis to indicate low climatic seasonality. The species ranges from 300 to >2000 m a.s.l. on the trade wind-influenced island of La Palma (Canary Islands), where we measured three decades of tree-ring data of 100 individuals distributed over 10 sites along the entire elevational range. The successfully implemented ADF approach revealed a major shift of stem growth continuity across the elevational gradient. In a remarkably clear pattern, stem growth continuity (percentage of ADFs) showed a hump-shaped relationship with elevation reaching a maximum at around 1000 m a.s.l. Low- to mid-elevation tree growth was positively correlated with the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI; indicating aridity) and sea surface temperature (indicating trade wind-influenced moderation of water supply), while high-elevation tree growth was positively correlated with winter temperature (indicating a cold-induced dormancy period). We conclude that ADFs are a useful method to measure stem growth continuity in low-seasonality climates. Growth of P. canariensis on the Canary Islands is more frequently interrupted by winter cold at high elevations and by summer drought at low elevations than in the trade wind-influenced mid elevations, where growth sometimes continues throughout the year. Climate change-associated alterations in trade wind cloud formation might cause non-analogue growth limitations for many unique island species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weigel
- Experimental Plant Ecology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Severin D H Irl
- Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Biogeography and Biodiversity Lab, Institute of Physical Geography, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carl Beierkuhnlein
- Biogeography, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johanna Berels
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Richard Field
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - José Carlos Miranda
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alana Steinbauer
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Manuel J Steinbauer
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Department of Geography and Geosciences, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Disturbance Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Steane DA, Mclean EH, Potts BM, Prober SM, Stock WD, Stylianou VM, Vaillancourt RE, Byrne M. Evidence for adaptation and acclimation in a widespread eucalypt of semi-arid Australia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blw051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy A. Steane
- School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, 4556, Australia
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley 6913, Western Australia
| | - Elizabeth H. Mclean
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley 6913, Western Australia
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia
| | - Brad M. Potts
- School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Suzanne M. Prober
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 5, Wembley 6913, Western Australia
| | - William D. Stock
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Stylianou
- Centre for Ecosystem Management, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, 6027, Western Australia
| | - René E. Vaillancourt
- School of Biological Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Margaret Byrne
- Science and Conservation Division, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Locked Bag 104, Bentley Delivery Centre, WA 6983, Australia
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López R, Cano FJ, Choat B, Cochard H, Gil L. Plasticity in Vulnerability to Cavitation of Pinus canariensis Occurs Only at the Driest End of an Aridity Gradient. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:769. [PMID: 27375637 PMCID: PMC4891331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability has been considered one of the crucial drivers of species distribution. However, the increasing of temperatures and more frequent water shortages could overcome the ability of long-lived species to cope with rapidly changing conditions. Growth and survival of natural populations adapted to a given site, transferred and tested in other environments as part of provenance trials, can be interpreted as a simulation of ambient changes at the original location. We compare the intraspecific variation and the relative contribution of plasticity to adaptation of key functional traits related to drought resistance: vulnerability to cavitation, efficiency of the xylem to conduct water and biomass allocation. We use six populations of Canary Island pine growing in three provenance trials (wet, dry, and xeric). We found that the variability for hydraulic traits was largely due to phenotypic plasticity, whereas, genetic variation was limited and almost restricted to hydraulic safety traits and survival. Trees responded to an increase in climate dryness by lowering growth, and increasing leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity by means of increasing the Huber value. Vulnerability to cavitation only showed a plastic response in the driest provenance trial located in the ecological limit of the species. This trait was more tightly correlated with annual precipitation, drought length, and temperature oscillation at the origin of the populations than hydraulic efficiency or the Huber value. Vulnerability to cavitation was directly related to survival in the dry and the xeric provenance trials, illustrating its importance in determining drought resistance. In a new climatic scenario where more frequent and intense droughts are predicted, the magnitude of extreme events together with the fact that plasticity of cavitation resistance is only shown in the very dry limit of the species could hamper the capacity to adapt and buffer against environmental changes of some populations growing in dry locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana López
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cano
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western SydneyRichmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
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Chano V, López R, Pita P, Collada C, Soto Á. Proliferation of axial parenchymatic xylem cells is a key step in wound closure of girdled stems in Pinus canariensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:64. [PMID: 25853802 PMCID: PMC4351838 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wounds caused by fire, herbivorism, rock impacts, etc. cause the direct loss of photosynthetic, storage and/or vascular tissue. In addition, they may entail other damages, such as desiccation of the exposed internal parts, or become a gateway to infection by fungi and other pathogens. To successfully overcome such injuries, plants must reorganize their meristems or even differentiate new ones, producing new traumatic tissues to cover the wound and restore the vascular connection. RESULTS In this work we analyse the anatomical growth response in conifers after debarking and injuring the vascular cambium, using Pinus canariensis as model species, due to its high wound recovery ability. Conversely to angiosperm woody species, this process is initiated and largely driven by the damaged vascular cambium and not by proliferation in the wound surface. We have detected alterations and switches in the divisions of cambial cells, associated to their position relative to the surface and edges of the wound, resulting in disordered traumatic xylem. We also describe the formation of column-like structures, after girdling, which are in part formed by the proliferation of xylem parenchymatous cells, associated to axial resin ducts. CONCLUSIONS Abundant resinosis on the wound surface, typical of conifers, is an efficient barrier against opportunistic fungi, insects, etc. but it also hinders the healing process directly from the surface. Thus, wound closure must be largely carried out from the wound margins, being a much slower process, which very often remains unconcluded for long years. This work also describes for the first time the proliferation of inner parenchymatous cells to form column-like structures, which accelerates wound closure in girdled P. canariensis. Irregularities in the surface of the healing edge or column-like structures result in the production of disordered vascular tissues, compromising their future functionality, and which must be overcome through the fast restoration of the proper polarity in vascular cambium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Chano
- />GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal. ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosana López
- />GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal. ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pita
- />GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal. ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Collada
- />GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal. ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- />Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología Forestal, INIA/UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Soto
- />GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal. ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- />Unidad Mixta de Genómica y Ecofisiología Forestal, INIA/UPM, Madrid, Spain
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