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Gerges SH, El-Kadi AOS. Changes in cardiovascular arachidonic acid metabolism in experimental models of menopause and implications on postmenopausal cardiac hypertrophy. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 173:106851. [PMID: 38740361 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Menopause is a normal stage in the human female aging process characterized by the cessation of menstruation and the ovarian production of estrogen and progesterone hormones. Menopause is associated with an increased risk of several different diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are generally less common in females than in age-matched males. However, this female advantage is lost after menopause. Cardiac hypertrophy is a disease characterized by increased cardiac size that develops as a response to chronic overload or stress. Similar to other cardiovascular diseases, the risk of cardiac hypertrophy significantly increases after menopause. However, the exact underlying mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated. Several studies have shown that surgical or chemical induction of menopause in experimental animals is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, or aggravates cardiac hypertrophy induced by other stressors. Arachidonic acid (AA) released from the myocardial phospholipids is metabolized by cardiac cytochrome P450 (CYP), cyclooxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes to produce several eicosanoids. AA-metabolizing enzymes and their respective metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. Menopause is associated with changes in the cardiovascular levels of CYP, COX, and LOX enzymes and the levels of their metabolites. It is possible that these changes might play a role in the increased risk of cardiac hypertrophy after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar H Gerges
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Zhou Y, Yin Z, Cui J, Wang C, Fu T, Adu-Amankwaah J, Fu L, Zhou X. 16α-OHE1 alleviates hypoxia-induced inflammation and myocardial damage via the activation of β2-Adrenergic receptor. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 587:112200. [PMID: 38518841 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Myocardial injuries resulting from hypoxia are a significant concern, and this study aimed to explore potential protective strategies against such damage. Specifically, we sought to investigate the cardioprotective effects of 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OHE1). METHODS Male Sprague‒Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to hypoxic conditions simulating high-altitude exposure at 6000 m in a low-pressure chamber for 7 days. Before and during hypoxic exposure, estradiol (E2) and various doses of 16α-OHE1 were administered for 14 days. Heart weight/body weight (HW/BW), myocardial structure, Myocardial injury indicators and inflammatory infiltration in rats were measured. H9C2 cells cultured under 5% O2 conditions received E2 and varying doses of 16α-OHE1; Cell viability, apoptosis, inflammatory infiltration, and Myocardial injury indicators were determined. Expression levels of β2AR were determined in rat hearts and H9C2 cells. The β2AR inhibitor, ICI 118,551, was employed to investigate β2AR's role in 16α-OHE1's cardioprotective effects. RESULTS Hypoxia led to substantial myocardial damage, evident in increased heart HW, CK-MB, cTnT, ANP, BNP, structural myocardial changes, inflammatory infiltration, and apoptosis. Pre-treatment with E2 and 16α-OHE1 significantly mitigated these adverse changes. Importantly, the protective effects of E2 and 16α-OHE1 were associated with the upregulation of β2AR expression in both rat hearts and H9C2 cells. However, inhibition of β2AR by ICI 118,551 in H9C2 cells nullified the protective effect of 16α-OHE1 on myocardium. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that 16α-OHE1 can effectively reduce hypoxia-induced myocardial injury in rats through β2ARs, indicating a promising avenue for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yequan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Zeyuan Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004; University of Manchester, CTF Building, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
| | - Junchao Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Tong Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | | | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China, 221004.
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Morin-Grandmont A, Walsh-Wilkinson É, Labbé EA, Thibodeau SÈ, Dupont É, Boudreau DK, Arsenault M, Bossé Y, Couet J. Biological sex, sex steroids and sex chromosomes contribute to mouse cardiac aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:7553-7577. [PMID: 38742935 PMCID: PMC11131996 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
After menopause, the incidence of cardiovascular disease rapidly rises in women. The disappearing protection provided by sex steroids is a consequence of the development of many risk factors. Preclinical studies are necessary to understand better the effects of ovarian hormones loss cardiac aging. To mimic menopause in mice and study its consequences, we delayed ovariectomy at 12 months and followed animals for 12 months. Using RNA sequencing, we investigated changes in the myocardial exome with aging. In addition, with four-core genotypes (FCG) transgenic mice, we studied sex chromosome effects on cardiac aging. Heart weight increased from 3 to 24 months (males + 35%, females + 29%). In males, 75% of this increase had occurred at 12 months; in females, only 30%. Gonadectomy of mice at 12 months blocked cardiac hypertrophy in both sexes during the second year of life. The dosage of the X chromosomes did not influence cardiac growth in young and older mice. We performed an RNA sequencing study in young and old mice. We identified new highly expressed genes modulated during aging (Bdh, Myot, Cpxm2, and Slc38a1). The myocardial exome in older animals displayed few differences related to the animal's sex or the presence or absence of sex steroids for a year. We show that the morphological evolution of the heart depends on the biological sex via gonadal sex hormone actions. The myocardial exome of old male and female mice is relatively similar. Our study emphasizes the need to consider sex steroid effects in studying cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Morin-Grandmont
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Élisabeth Walsh-Wilkinson
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Emylie-Ann Labbé
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Sara-Ève Thibodeau
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Élizabeth Dupont
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Dominique K. Boudreau
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Arsenault
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Couet
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Valvulopathies, Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Assayag E, Gurt I, Cohen-Kfir E, Stokar J, Zwas DR, Dresner-Pollak R. Cardiac Left Ventricular miRNA-26a Is Downregulated in Ovariectomized Mice, Upregulated upon 17-Beta Estradiol Replacement, and Inversely Correlated with Collagen Type 1 Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5153. [PMID: 38791190 PMCID: PMC11121197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is more prevalent in post- compared to pre-menopausal women. The underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Data in humans is confounded by age and co-morbidities. We investigated the effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on the left ventricular (LV) gene expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors involved in HFpEF and putative regulating miRNAs. Nine-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) or SHAM operation. OVX and SHAM groups were sacrificed 1-, 6-, and 12-weeks post-surgery (T1/SHAM; T1/OVX; T6/SHAM; T6/OVX, T12/SHAM). 17β-estradiol (E2) or vehicle (VEH) was then administered to the OVX groups for 6 weeks (T12/OVX/E2; T12/OVX/VEH). Another SHAM group was sacrificed 12-weeks post-surgery. RNA and miRNAs were extracted from the LV apex. An early 3-fold increase in the gene expression of IL-1α, IL-6, Mmp9, Mmp12, Col1α1, and Col3α1 was observed one-week post-surgery in T1/OVX vs. T1/SHAM, but not at later time points. miRNA-26a was lower in T1/OVX vs. T1/SHAM and was inversely correlated with Col1α1 and Col3α1 expression 1-week post-surgery (r = -0.79 p < 0.001; r = -0.6 p = 0.007). miRNAs-26a, 29b, and 133a were significantly higher, while Col1α1, Col3α1, IL-1α, IL-6, Tnfα, Mmp12, and FasL gene expression was significantly lower in E2- compared to vehicle-treated OVX mice. miRNA-26a was inversely correlated with Col3α1 in T12/OVX/ E2 (r = -0.56 p = 0.02). OVX triggered an early increase in the gene expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic factors, highlighting the importance of the early phase post-cessation of ovarian function. E2 replacement therapy, even if it was not immediately initiated after OVX, reversed these unfavorable changes and upregulated cardiac miRNA-26a, previously unknown to be affected by menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elishai Assayag
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.A.); (I.G.); (E.C.-K.)
| | - Irina Gurt
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.A.); (I.G.); (E.C.-K.)
| | - Einav Cohen-Kfir
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.A.); (I.G.); (E.C.-K.)
| | - Joshua Stokar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.A.); (I.G.); (E.C.-K.)
| | - Donna R. Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Division of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Rivka Dresner-Pollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Division of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (E.A.); (I.G.); (E.C.-K.)
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5
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Abubakar M, Saleem A, Hajjaj M, Faiz H, Pragya A, Jamil R, Salim SS, Lateef IK, Singla D, Ramar R, Damara I, Shahid L. Sex-specific differences in risk factors, comorbidities, diagnostic challenges, optimal management, and prognostic outcomes of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A comprehensive literature review. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:235-256. [PMID: 37996694 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-023-10369-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to hormonal variations, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains prevalent in women and affects almost half of the heart failure (HF) patients. Given the yearly death rate of 10-30% and the unavailability of medications targeting HFpEF, the need arises for a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of this syndrome. This comprehensive review explores sex-specific differences in traditional risk factors; female-specific factors that may impact HFpEF development and response to therapy, including variations in hormone levels that may occur pre- and post-menopausal or during pregnancy; and disparities in comorbidities, clinical presentation, and diagnostic challenges. Lastly, the review addresses prognostic outcomes, noting that women with HFpEF have a poor quality of life but a higher survival rate. It also discusses novel biomarkers and precision medicine, emphasizing their potential to improve early detection and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, 6 Birdwood Road, Jinnah Town, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Hajjaj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Faiz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aastha Pragya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rosheen Jamil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Siffat Saima Salim
- Department of Surgery, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Deepak Singla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rajasekar Ramar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ivan Damara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laraib Shahid
- Department of Dermatology, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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6
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Carrick-Ranson G, Howden EJ, Brazile TL, Levine BD, Reading SA. Effects of aging and endurance exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiac structure and function in healthy midlife and older women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1215-1235. [PMID: 37855034 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women in developed societies. Unfavorable structural and functional adaptations within the heart and central blood vessels with sedentary aging in women can act as the substrate for the development of debilitating CVD conditions such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The large decline in cardiorespiratory fitness, as indicated by maximal or peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2max and V̇o2peak, respectively), that occurs in women as they age significantly affects their health and chronic disease status, as well as the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Midlife and older women who have performed structured endurance exercise training for several years or decades of their adult lives exhibit a V̇o2max and cardiac and vascular structure and function that are on par or even superior to much younger sedentary women. Therefore, regular endurance exercise training appears to be an effective preventative strategy for mitigating the adverse physiological cardiovascular adaptations associated with sedentary aging in women. Herein, we narratively describe the aging and short- and long-term endurance exercise training adaptations in V̇o2max, cardiac structure, and left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in midlife and older women. The role of circulating estrogens on cardiac structure and function is described for consideration in the timing of exercise interventions to maximize beneficial adaptations. Current research gaps and potential areas for future investigation to advance our understanding in this critical knowledge area are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Carrick-Ranson
- Department of Surgery, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Erin J Howden
- Human Integrative Physiology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tiffany L Brazile
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Benjamin D Levine
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Stacey A Reading
- Department of Exercise Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ahmed SA, Zhang B, Abdel-Rahman AA. Estrogen-mediated mitigation of cardiac oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats is associated with upregulated cardiac circadian clock Per2 and heart-specific miRNAs. Life Sci 2023; 331:122038. [PMID: 37619835 PMCID: PMC10528738 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM Estrogen (E2) confers cardioprotection in premenopausal women and in models of menopause and its effects, mostly studied in female reproductive organs, vary on a circadian rhythm basis in relation to the circadian clock genes. However, it remains unknown if a similar circadian pattern exists in the female heart in a manner that explains, at least partly, the cardioprotective effect of E2. The aim of the present investigation was to determine if upregulation of the circadian clock Per2 and its regulated heart-specific miRNAs, and redox enzymes contribute to the E2-mediated cardioprotection in ovariectomized rats. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX) 2-weeks prior to a 2-week E2 treatment. On the last treatment day, hearts were collected every 4 h. for ex-vivo biochemical measurements. In parallel studies, telemetric mean arterial pressure (MAP) was obtained at the tissue collection times. KEY FINDINGS OVX + E2 rats exhibited lower body weight during daytime and MAP during day and night times, and their hearts exhibited: (1) higher Per2 protein abundance, cardioprotective miRNAs (miRNA1, miRNA133a, miRNA208a, miRNA499), mALDH2, and catalase; (2) lower reactive oxygen species, cardio-detrimental miRNA652, carbonyl, MDA and HO-1 levels. The reciprocal Per2/HO-1 relationship was more evident during the daytime and correlated with the upregulated cardioprotective miRNAs in OVX + E2 rats. Finally, cardiac Per2, heart-specific miRNAs and reactive oxygen species levels and redox enzymes activities were similar in normal female and OVX + E2 rats. SIGNIFICANCE Enhancement of cardiac Per2, redox enzymes and heart-specific miRNAs likely contribute to E2-mediated mitigation of cardiac oxidative stress in OVX rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Anees Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States of America
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America.
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Ndzie Noah ML, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Adekunle AO, Koda S, Adu-Amankwaah J, Xu Y, Kanwore K, Wowui PI, Sun H. Estrogen downregulates CD73/adenosine axis hyperactivity via adaptive modulation PI3K/Akt signaling to prevent myocarditis and arrhythmias during chronic catecholamines stress. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:41. [PMID: 36823590 PMCID: PMC9948346 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During myocardial damage, the sex hormone estrogen and CD73, the main enzyme that converts AMP into adenosine, are cardioprotective molecules. However, it is unclear how these two molecules work together to provide cardioprotection. The current study aimed to elucidate the interaction between estrogen and CD73 under chronic stress. METHODS Ovariectomy and SHAM operations were done on FVB wild-type (WT) female mice. Two weeks after the operation, the mice were treated with daily isoproterenol (10 mg/kg/day) injections for 14 days. The effect of E2 on relevant cardiac injury biomarkers (BNP, ANP), myocardial morphology (cardiomyocyte surface area), electrocardiography, CD73 protein expression and activity, and macrophage (CD86 + and CD206 +) infiltrations were assessed. In vitro, H9C2 cells were treated with 1 nM of estrogen and 10 mM APCP (CD73 inhibitor α, β-methylene adenosine-5'-diphosphate), 10 µM isoproterenol and 20 µm LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) for 24 h and western blot was done to elucidate the mechanism behind the effect of estrogen on the CD73/adenosine axis. RESULTS Estrogen deficiency during chronic catecholamine stress caused myocardial injury, thereby triggering the hyperactivity of the CD73/adenosine axis, which aggravated myocarditis, adverse remodeling, and arrhythmias. However, estrogen normalizes CD73/Adenosine axis via the upregulation of PI3K/Akt pathways to prevent adverse outcomes during stress. In vivo results showed that the inhibition of PI3K significantly decreased PI3K/Akt pathways while upregulating the CD73/adenosine axis and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Estrogen's pleiotropy cardioprotection mechanism during stress includes its normalization of the CD73/Adenosine axis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Louise Ndzie Noah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Gabriel Komla Adzika
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | | | - Stephane Koda
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Kouminin Kanwore
- Public Experimental Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Prosperl Ivette Wowui
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, XuzhouJiangsu, 221004, China.
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Szadkowska I, Guligowska A, Jegier A, Pawlikowski M, Pisarek H, Winczyk K, Kostka T. Serum testosterone level correlates with left ventricular hypertrophy in older women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1079043. [PMID: 36686418 PMCID: PMC9853043 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sex hormones may play an important role in age-related cardiac remodeling. However, their impact on cardiac structure and function in females of advanced age still remains unclear. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between sex hormones level and echocardiographic parameters in older women with concomitant cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods The study group included 52 community-dwelling women with mean age 79.5 ± 2.8 years, consecutive patients of an outpatient geriatric clinic. In all the subjects, a transthoracic echocardiogram was performed and serum testosterone, estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, and cortisol levels were determined. Results Testosterone level correlated positively with interventricular septum diastolic dimension (IVSd) (rS=0.293, p<0.05), left ventricular mass index (rS=0.285, p<0.05), E/E' ratio (rS=0.301, p<0.05), and negatively with E' (rS=-0.301, p<0.05). Estradiol level showed a positive correlation with the posterior wall dimension (rS=0.28, p<0.05). Besides, no significant correlations between clinical or echocardiographic parameters and other hormones were observed. Female subjects with diagnosed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (n=34) were characterized by a significantly higher rate of hypertension (p=0.011), higher waist-to-height ratio (p=0.009), higher testosterone level (0.82 vs. 0.48 nmol/L, p=0.024), higher testosterone/estradiol ratio (16.4 vs. 9.9, p=0.021), and received more anti-hypertensive drugs (p=0.030). In a multiple stepwise logistic regression, the best determinants of LVH were the presence of hypertension (OR=6.51; 95% CI 1.62-26.1), and testosterone level (OR= 6.6; 95% CI 1.19-36.6). Conclusions Higher serum testosterone levels may contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling, especially in hypertensive women. Estradiol, gonadotropins, DHEAS, and cortisol were not related to echocardiographic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szadkowska
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Jegier
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek Pawlikowski
- Department of Immunoendocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Pisarek
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chair of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Winczyk
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Chair of Laboratory and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Shuaishuai D, Jingyi L, Zhiqiang Z, Guanwei F. Sex differences and related estrogenic effects in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Heart Fail Rev 2022:10.1007/s10741-022-10274-2. [PMID: 36190606 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an essential subtype of heart failure accounting for 40% of the total. However, the related pathological mechanism and drug therapy research have been stagnant for a long time. The direct cause of this dilemma is the heterogeneity of HFpEF. And some researchers believe that there is no common pathway to reach the origin of HFpEF; others argue that there is an unidentified unified pathophysiological process hidden beneath the ice surface. Aside from the debate, a series of clinical studies have shown that hypertension and obesity play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of HFpEF. These results imply that there may be two parallel pathological processes interweaved in one disease, manifested as multiple coexistent pathological phenomena, like a shadow. Meanwhile, the prevalence of HFpEF in women is higher than in men in any given age group, especially prominent in elderly patients. These pathological processes and epidemiological data reflect gender differences, reminding us to shift our attention to estrogen. This article will review the parallel pathogenesis of HFpEF, and also introduce sex differences and the potential effect of estrogen in this condition below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Shuaishuai
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Jingyi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Zhiqiang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Guanwei
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China.
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11
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Dela Justina V, Miguez JSG, Priviero F, Sullivan JC, Giachini FR, Webb RC. Sex Differences in Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 2:725884. [PMID: 35822017 PMCID: PMC9261391 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.725884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of illness and death in the Western world. Cardiovascular aging is a progressive modification occurring in cardiac and vascular morphology and physiology where increased endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness are observed, generally accompanied by increased systolic blood pressure and augmented pulse pressure. The effects of biological sex on cardiovascular pathophysiology have long been known. The incidence of hypertension is higher in men, and it increases in postmenopausal women. Premenopausal women are protected from CVD compared with age-matched men and this protective effect is lost with menopause, suggesting that sex-hormones influence blood pressure regulation. In parallel, the heart progressively remodels over the course of life and the pattern of cardiac remodeling also differs between the sexes. Lower autonomic tone, reduced baroreceptor response, and greater vascular function are observed in premenopausal women than men of similar age. However, postmenopausal women have stiffer arteries than their male counterparts. The biological mechanisms responsible for sex-related differences observed in cardiovascular aging are being unraveled over the last several decades. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms underlying the sex-differences of CVD in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer C Sullivan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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12
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Cheng L, Maboh RN, Wang H, Mao GW, Wu XY, Chen H. Naoxintong Capsule Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway and Suppresses the p38α Signaling Pathway Via Estrogen Receptors to Ameliorate Heart Remodeling in Female Mice With Postmenopausal Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:158-170. [PMID: 35500215 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Limited treatments are available for alleviating heart remodeling in postmenopausal hypertension. The cardioprotective effect of naoxintong (NXT) has been widely accepted. This study aimed to explore the effects of NXT on pathological heart remodeling in a postmenopausal hypertension mouse model in vivo and H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. In vivo, ovariectomy combined with chronic angiotensin II infusion was used to establish the postmenopausal hypertension animal model. NXT significantly ameliorated cardiac remodeling as indicated by a reduced ratio of heart weight/body weight and left ventricle weight/body weight, left ventricular wall thickness, diameter of cardiomyocytes, and collagen deposition in the heart. NXT also significantly increased the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and downregulated the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (Nox2). In vitro, NXT treatment greatly suppressed angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and excessive oxidative stress as proven by reducing the diameter of H9c2 cardiomyocytes, expression of hypertrophy and fibrosis markers, intracellular reactive oxygen species, and oxidative enzymes. Mechanistically, NXT significantly upregulated the expression of ERs, which activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibited the phosphorylation of the p38α pathway. Collectively, the results indicated that NXT administration might attenuate cardiac remodeling through upregulating the expression of ERs, which activated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, inhibited the phosphorylation of the p38α signaling pathway, and reduced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Cheng
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Rene Nfornah Maboh
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Huan Wang
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gao-Wei Mao
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and
| | - Xiao-Ying Wu
- Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China ; and.,Hypertension Laboratory, Fujian Provincial Cardiovascular Disease Institute, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Tasić T, Tadić M, Lozić M. Hypertension in Women. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905504. [PMID: 35722103 PMCID: PMC9203893 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Nevertheless, the intricate network of pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to the development of hypertension in women still awaits to be fully understood. From young age to maturity and senescence, the female body transits through different stages, each of them characterized with specific physiological features and disposition to particular pathological conditions, and that is exactly what makes the understanding of the genesis and adequate treatment of hypertension in women so challenging. Clinical and experimental findings emphasize the role of sex hormones, autonomic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and arterial stiffness in the development of chronically elevated blood pressure in females. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize the knowledge of the mechanisms and treatment of hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Tasić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marijana Tadić
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Cardiology Department, University Clinic of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Marijana Tadić
| | - Maja Lozić
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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14
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Costa BM, Mengal V, Brasil GA, Peluso AA, Treebak JT, Endlich PW, de Almeida SA, de Abreu GR. Ellagic Acid Prevents Myocardial Infarction-induced Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Ovariectomized Rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 105:108990. [PMID: 35331902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is associated with increased oxidative stress, which can contribute to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). We hypothesized that oral treatment with ellagic acid (EA), a potent and natural antioxidant compound, can improve MI-induced LVDD in ovariectomized rats, by reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ovariectomized rats MI-induced LVDD followed by treatment with vehicle (DD) or EA (DD+EA) for 4 weeks. Non-LVDD-induced rats treated with vehicle (S) or EA (S+EA) were used as controls. Left ventricular systolic pressure: LVSP; left ventricular end-diastolic pressure: LVEDP; maximum rate of pressure rise: +dP/dt and fall: -dP/dt) were evaluated in all animals after treatment. Left ventricle superoxide anion formation was quantified in situ by fluorescence. Phospho-CAMKII, SOD2, catalase and gp91-phox abundances were evaluated by Western blot analyses. SOD and catalase activities were measured by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the LVEDP was significantly increased in both DD and DD+EA groups compared to S and S+EA. However, LVEDP in the DD+EA group was significantly decreased compared to DD, indicating an EA-mediated effect. In the DD group, superoxide production and gp91-phox protein abundance were increased while SOD2 abundance was decreased when compared to the S and S+EA groups. An increase in SOD activity was also observed in the DD+EA group. EA treatment reduced CaMKII phosphorylation in the DD+EA group compared to the DD. We concluded that EA treatment attenuated diastolic dysfunction in our experimental model, via reduction of ROS and CaMKII activity, indicating EA as a promising natural therapeutic option for cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Maia Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Mengal
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio Augusto Peluso
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Wander Endlich
- Faculdade de Medicina do Mucuri, Multicentric Post-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Alves de Almeida
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gláucia Rodrigues de Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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15
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Adekunle AO, Adzika GK, Mprah R, Ndzie Noah ML, Adu-Amankwaah J, Rizvi R, Akhter N, Sun H. Predominance of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal Women: Intra- and Extra-Cardiomyocyte Maladaptive Alterations Scaffolded by Estrogen Deficiency. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:685996. [PMID: 34660569 PMCID: PMC8511782 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.685996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a public health concern as it is associated with high morbidity and death rates. In particular, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents the dominant (>50%) form of HF and mostly occurring among postmenopausal women. Hence, the initiation and progression of the left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions (LVDD) (a typically clinical manifestation of HFpEF) in postmenopausal women have been attributed to estrogen deficiency and the loss of its residue cardioprotective effects. In this review, from a pathophysiological and immunological standpoint, we discuss the probable multiple pathomechanisms resulting in HFpEF, which are facilitated by estrogen deficiency. The initial discussions recap estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) signaling under physiological/pathological states to facilitate cardiac function/dysfunction, respectively. By reconciling these prior discussions, attempts were made to explain how the loss of estrogen facilitates the disruptions both ERs and βARs-mediated signaling responsible for; the modulation of intra-cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis, maintenance of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix, the adaptive regulation of coronary microvascular endothelial functions and myocardial inflammatory responses. By scaffolding the disruption of these crucial intra- and extra-cardiomyocyte physiological functions, estrogen deficiency has been demonstrated to cause LVDD and increase the incidence of HFpEF in postmenopausal women. Finally, updates on the advancements in treatment interventions for the prevention of HFpEF were highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Richard Mprah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | | | | | - Nazma Akhter
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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16
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Hou H, Adzika GK, Wu Q, Ma T, Ma Y, Geng J, Shi M, Fu L, Rizvi R, Gong Z, Sun H. Estrogen Attenuates Chronic Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy by Adaptively Regulating Macrophage Polarizations via β 2-Adrenergic Receptor Modulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:737003. [PMID: 34650984 PMCID: PMC8506112 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.737003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical demographics have demonstrated that postmenopausal women are predisposed to chronic stress-induced cardiomyopathy (CSC) and this has been associated with the decrease of estrogen. Meanwhile, recent studies have implicated unsolved myocardial proinflammatory responses, which are characterized by enormous CD86+ macrophage infiltrations as an underlying disease mechanism expediting the pathological remodeling of the heart during chronic stress. However, we had previously demonstrated that estrogen confers cardioprotection via the modulation of cardiomyocytes β2-adrenoceptors (β2AR)-Gs/Gi pathways during stress to lessen the incidence of stress-induced cardiovascular diseases in premenopausal women. Intriguingly, macrophages express β2AR profoundly as well; as such, we sought to elucidate the possibilities of estrogen modulating β2AR-Gs/Gi pathway to confer cardioprotection during stress via immunomodulation. To do this, ovariectomy (OVX) and sham operations (Sham) were performed on female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Two weeks after OVX, the rats were injected with 40 μg/kg/day of estradiol (E2). Next, on day 36 after OVX, chronic stress was induced by a daily subcutaneous injection of 5 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol (ISO). The effect of E2 on relevant clinical cardiac function indexes (LVSP, LVEDP, + dp/dt and −dp/dt), myocardial architecture (cardiomyocyte diameter and fibrosis), β2AR alterations, and macrophage (CD86+ and CD206+) infiltrations were assessed. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages (PMΦ) were isolated from wild-type and β2AR-knockout female mice. The PMΦ were treated with ISO, E2, and β2AR blocker ICI 118,551 for 24 h, and flow cytometric evaluations were done to assess their phenotypic expression. E2 deficiency permitted the induction of CSC, which was characterized by cardiac dysfunctions, maladaptive myocardial hypertrophy, unresolved proinflammatory responses, and fibrosis. Nonetheless, E2 presence/supplementation during stress averted all the aforementioned adverse effects of chronic stress while preventing excessive depletion of β2AR. Also, we demonstrated that E2 facilitates timely resolution of myocardial proinflammation to permit reparative functions by enhancing the polarization of CD86+ to CD206+ macrophages. However, this adaptive immunomodulation is hampered when β2AR is inhibited. Taken together, the outcomes of this study show that E2 confers cardioprotection to prevent CSC via adaptive immunomodulation of macrophage phenotypes, and β2AR-mediated signaling is crucial for the polarizations of CD86+ to CD206+ macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian Hou
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,The College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | | | - Qi Wu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tongtong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Juan Geng
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Shi
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lu Fu
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | | | - Zheng Gong
- The School of Public Affairs and Governance, Silliman University, Dumaguete, Philippines
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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17
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Rungseevijitprapa W, Yingngam B, Chaiyasut C. Improvement of Biophysical Skin Parameters of Topically Applied Fermented Soybean Extract-Loaded Niosomes with No Systemic Toxicity in Ovariectomized Rats. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071068. [PMID: 34371759 PMCID: PMC8309116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the known beneficial impacts of estrogen used as hormone replacement therapy to ameliorate signs of skin aging in postmenopausal women, its compliance rates are low. A significant amount of estrogen may be absorbed into the blood circulation and can lead to systemic actions. Soy isoflavone exhibits biological activities similar to synthetic estrogen because it is a heterocyclic phenolic compound. The disadvantage of most topical ingredients based on isoflavone is that they contain biologically inactive glycoside forms, which must be converted to a readily absorbed aglycone for the topical application. The purposes of this study were to develop niosomes-loaded Aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean extract (FSE) to enhance skin absorption with proven systemic side effect compared to estrogen application. Skin hydration and viscoelasticity of 75 days post-ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats following 84-day topical treatment with various tested gel formulations containing fermented soybean extract (FSE) were evaluated. The tested formulations were gel + FSE nanoniosomes, gel + FSE microniosomes, gel + FSE (200 µg FSE/9 cm2/rat), gel + blank nanoniosomes (a negative control), and gel + 17β-estradiol (E2) nanoniosomes (a positive control, 20 µg E2/9 cm2/rat). Changes in vaginal cornifications and weights of uteri, livers, and kidneys in the OVX rats and signs of primary skin irritation in the rabbits were evaluated for their toxicities. Results showed that FSE-loaded nanoniosomes improved the skin hydration and viscoelasticity better than gel + FSE microniosomes and gel + FSE, respectively, but lower than those of gel + E2 nanoniosomes (p < 0.05). Unlike all gel + E2 nanoniosomes, the FSE formulations showed no changes in vaginal cells and weights of uteri, livers, and kidneys and no signs of skin irritation. In conclusion, The FSE niosome-based gels should be promising candidates for delivering phytoestrogens against signs of skin aging with no systemic toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandee Rungseevijitprapa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (W.R.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-45-353630 (W.R.); Fax: +66-45-353-626 (W.R.)
| | - Bancha Yingngam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand;
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (W.R.); (C.C.); Tel.: +66-45-353630 (W.R.); Fax: +66-45-353-626 (W.R.)
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18
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Teixeira VP, Miranda K, Scalzo S, Rocha-Resende C, Silva MM, Tezini GCSV, Melo MB, Souza-Neto FP, Silva KSC, Jesus ICG, Santos AK, de Oliveira M, Szawka RE, Salgado HC, Prado MAM, Poletini MO, Guatimosim S. Increased cholinergic activity under conditions of low estrogen leads to adverse cardiac remodeling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C602-C612. [PMID: 33296286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00142.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitors are used in postmenopausal women for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite their widespread use in the clinical practice, little is known about the impact of augmented cholinergic signaling on cardiac function under reduced estrogen conditions. To address this gap, we subjected a genetically engineered murine model of systemic vesicular acetylcholine transporter overexpression (Chat-ChR2) to ovariectomy and evaluated cardiac parameters. Left-ventricular function was similar between Chat-ChR2 and wild-type (WT) mice. Following ovariectomy, WT mice showed signs of cardiac hypertrophy. Conversely, ovariectomized (OVX) Chat-ChR2 mice evolved to cardiac dilation and failure. Transcript levels for cardiac stress markers atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) were similarly upregulated in WT/OVX and Chat-ChR2/OVX mice. 17β-Estradiol (E2) treatment normalized cardiac parameters in Chat-ChR2/OVX to the Chat-ChR2/SHAM levels, providing a link between E2 status and the aggravated cardiac response in this model. To investigate the cellular basis underlying the cardiac alterations, ventricular myocytes were isolated and their cellular area and contractility were assessed. Myocytes from WT/OVX mice were wider than WT/SHAM, an indicative of concentric hypertrophy, but their fractional shortening was similar. Conversely, Chat-ChR2/OVX myocytes were elongated and presented contractile dysfunction. E2 treatment again prevented the structural and functional changes in Chat-ChR2/OVX myocytes. We conclude that hypercholinergic mice under reduced estrogen conditions do not develop concentric hypertrophy, a critical compensatory adaptation, evolving toward cardiac dilation and failure. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the consequences of cholinesterase inhibition, used clinically to treat dementia, for cardiac function in postmenopausal women.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylcholine/metabolism
- Animals
- Cholinergic Fibers/metabolism
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Estrogen Replacement Therapy
- Estrogens/deficiency
- Female
- Heart/innervation
- Heart Rate
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/metabolism
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/physiopathology
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/prevention & control
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myocardial Contraction
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Ovariectomy
- Signal Transduction
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/prevention & control
- Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins/genetics
- Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa P Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kiany Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio Scalzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cibele Rocha-Resende
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Morais Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Geisa C S V Tezini
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Melo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Pedro Souza-Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kaoma S C Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Itamar C G Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro de Oliveira
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Riberão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Máximo Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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19
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Garate-Carrillo A, Gonzalez J, Ceballos G, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Villarreal F. Sex related differences in the pathogenesis of organ fibrosis. Transl Res 2020; 222:41-55. [PMID: 32289256 PMCID: PMC7721117 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of organ fibrosis has garnered rising attention as multiple diseases of increasing and/or high prevalence appear to progress to the chronic stage. Such is the case for heart, kidney, liver, and lung where diseases such as diabetes, idiopathic/autoimmune disorders, and nonalcoholic liver disease appear to notably drive the development of fibrosis. Noteworthy is that the severity of these pathologies is characteristically compounded by aging. For these reasons, research groups and drug companies have identified fibrosis as a therapeutic target for which currently, there are essentially no effective options. Although a limited body of published studies are available, most literature indicates that in multiple organs, premenopausal women are protected from developing severe forms of fibrosis suggesting an important role for sex hormones in mitigating this process. Investigators have implemented relevant animal models of organ disease linked to fibrosis supporting in general, these observations. In vitro studies and transgenic animals models have also been used in an attempt to understand the role that sex hormones and related receptors play in the development of fibrosis. However, in the setting of chronic disease in some organs such as the heart older (postmenopausal) women within a few years can quickly approach men in disease severity and develop significant degrees of fibrosis. This review summarizes the current body of relevant literature and highlights the imperative need for a major focus to be placed on understanding the manner in which sex and the presence or absence of related hormones modulates cell phenotypes so as to allow for fibrosis to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Julisa Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico city, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California; VA San Diego Health Care, San Diego, California.
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20
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Abstract
Hypertension represents one of the most important and most frequent cardiovascular risk factors responsible for heart failure (HF) development. Both sexes are equally affected by arterial hypertension. The difference is lying in the fact that prevalence of hypertension as well as hypertension-induced target organ damage varies during lifetime due to substantial variation of sex hormones in women. Left ventricular (LV) structural, functional, and mechanical changes induced by hypertension are well-known complications that occur in both sexes and they are responsible for HF development. However, their prevalence is significantly different between women and men, which could potentially explain the variation in HF occurrence and prognosis between the sexes. Studies have shown that the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy is higher in men. The data are not consistent regarding LV diastolic dysfunction and a similar report has been given for LV mechanical changes. Most investigations agree that LV longitudinal strain is lower among hypertensive men. However, even in the healthy population, men have lower LV longitudinal strain and the cutoff values are still missing. Therefore, it would be difficult to draw the conclusion that LV mechanical dysfunction is more prevalent among men. The main mechanisms responsible for sex-related LV remodeling are sex hormones and their influence on biohumoral systems. This review provides an updated overview of the available data about sex-related LV remodeling, as well as potential mechanisms for these changes, in the patients with arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Tadic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cesare Cuspidi
- Clinical Research Unit, University of Milan-Bicocca and Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Viale della Resistenza 23, 20036, Meda, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinica Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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21
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Loredo-Mendoza ML, Ramirez-Sanchez I, Bustamante-Pozo MM, Ayala M, Navarrete V, Garate-Carrillo A, Ito BR, Ceballos G, Omens J, Villarreal F. The role of inflammation in driving left ventricular remodeling in a pre-HFpEF model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:748-757. [PMID: 32183553 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220912699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The incidence of HFpEF continues to increase and ∼2/3 of the patient population are post-menopausal women. Unfortunately, most studies focus on the use of male animal models of remodeling. In this study, however, using female rats to set a model of pre-HFpEF, we provide insights to possible mechanisms that contribute to HFpEF development in humans that will lead us to a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Loredo-Mendoza
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
- Department of Histopathology, School of Medicine, Universidad Panamericana, Ciudad de Mexico 03920, Mexico
| | - Israel Ramirez-Sanchez
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Moises Muratt Bustamante-Pozo
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Marcos Ayala
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Viridiana Navarrete
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Garate-Carrillo
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Bruce R Ito
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Seccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico 07738, Mexico
| | - Jeffrey Omens
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0021, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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22
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Lin YY, Hong Y, Zhou MC, Huang HL, Shyu WC, Chen JS, Ting H, Cheng YJ, Yang AL, Lee SD. Exercise training attenuates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis in hypertensive ovariectomized rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1033-1043. [PMID: 32163326 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00844.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exercise training on cardiac inflammatory and cardiac fibrotic pathways in female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which were divided into a sham-operated sedentary hypertensive group (SHR-S), a sedentary hypertensive ovariectomized group (SHR-O), or a hypertensive ovariectomized group with treadmill exercise training (SHR-OT; 60 min/day, 5 days/wk) for 8 wk. Normotensive female Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) served as controls. SOD and catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased in the SHR-OT group, when compared with the SHR-S or SHR-O groups. The protein levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β became decreased in the SHR-O group, when compared with the WKY or SHR-S groups, but were not changed in the SHR-OT group. The protein level of the angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) was increased in the SHR-S group but did not further change in the SHR-O group, whereas it was decreased in the SHR-OT group. The inflammatory-related protein levels of TNF-α, p-NF-κB, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and IL-6, as well as the fibrotic-related protein levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), p-Smad2/3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and collagen I were increased in the SHR-S group and increased further in the SHR-O group, whereas they were decreased in the SHR-OT group. The coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy additively increased cardiac inflammatory and fibrotic pathways partially through hypertension-enhanced AT1R and ovariectomy-depressed estrogen receptors. Exercise training appeared to suppress hypertensive ovariectomized heart-induced inflammatory and fibrotic pathways possibly through decreasing AT1R but not through estrogen receptors.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The coexistence of hypertension and ovariectomy appeared to increase cardiac inflammatory and fibrotic pathways likely through hypertension-enhanced angiotensin II type I receptor and ovariectomy-depressed estrogen receptors. Exercise training on a treadmill could prevent hypertensive ovariectomized heart-induced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis via an inflammatory pathway [TNF-α, p-IKK-α/β, p-NF-κB, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), iNOS, and IL-6] and fibrotic pathway [transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), p-Smad2/3, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and collagen I] possibly through decreasing angiotensin II type I receptor but not through estrogen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yuan Lin
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Cheng Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Liang Huang
- College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jwo-Sheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hua Ting
- Center of Sleep Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jung Cheng
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Rehabilitation, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China.,Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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23
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Menopause-Related Estrogen Decrease and the Pathogenesis of HFpEF. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 75:1074-1082. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Di Zazzo A, Micera A, De Piano M, Coassin M, Sharma S, Bonini S, Fernandes M. Adult Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis: Clinical and biochemical profile of a rare disease. Ocul Surf 2019; 17:737-742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Ni X, Zhang L, Ma X, Shan LY, Li L, Si JQ, Li XZ, Zhang YY, Ma KT. β‑estradiol alleviates hypertension‑ and concanavalin A‑mediated inflammatory responses via modulation of connexins in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3743-3755. [PMID: 30896818 PMCID: PMC6471871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) formed by connexins (Cxs) in T lymphocytes have been reported to have important roles in the T lymphocyte-driven inflammatory response and hypertension-mediated inflammation. Estrogen has a protective effect on cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and it attenuates excessive inflammatory responses in certain autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating the pro-inflammatory response are complex and poorly understood. The current study investigated whether β-estradiol suppresses hypertension and pro-inflammatory stimuli-mediated inflammatory responses by regulating Cxs and Cx-mediated GJs in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Male, 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: WKY rats, vehicle (saline)-treated SHRs, and β-estradiol (20 µg/kg/day)-treated SHRs. β-estradiol was administered subcutaneously for 5 weeks. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate target organ injury. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to measure the populations of T lymphocyte subtypes in the peripheral blood, and expression of Cx40/Cx43 in T cell subtypes, and pro-inflammation cytokines levels, respectively. ELISA, a dye transfer technique, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting were used to analyze the effect of β-estradiol on pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, Cx-mediated GJs and the expression of Cxs in concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from WKY rat. β-estradiol significantly decreased blood pressure and inhibited hypertension-induced target organ injury in SHRs. Additionally, β-estradiol treatment significantly improved the immune homeostasis of SHRs, as demonstrated by the decreased percentage of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+/CD8+ T-cell subset ratio, reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells. β-estradiol also markedly reduced the expression of Cx40/Cx43 in T lymphocytes from SHRs. In vitro, β-estradiol significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced communication via Cx-mediated gap junctions and decreased the expression of Cx40/Cx43 in Con A-stimulated lymphocytes. These results indicate that β-estradiol attenuates inflammation and end organ damage in hypertension, which may be partially mediated via downregulated expression of Cxs and reduced function of Cx-mediated GJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ya Shan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Qiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Zhi Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
| | - You-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Tao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832002, P.R. China
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26
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Farré N, Jorba I, Torres M, Falcones B, Martí-Almor J, Farré R, Almendros I, Navajas D. Passive Stiffness of Left Ventricular Myocardial Tissue Is Reduced by Ovariectomy in a Post-menopause Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1545. [PMID: 30455648 PMCID: PMC6230582 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) – a very prevalent disease with high morbidity and mortality – usually presents with diastolic dysfunction. Although post-menopause women are at increased risk of HF and diastolic dysfunction, poor attention has been paid to clinically and experimentally investigate this group of patients. Specifically, whether myocardial stiffness is affected by menopause is unknown. Aim: To investigate whether loss of female sexual hormones modifies the Young’s modulus (E) of left ventricular (LV) myocardial tissue in a mouse model of menopause induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Methods: After 6 months of bilateral OVX, eight mice were sacrificed, fresh LV myocardial strips were prepared (∼8 × 1 × 1 mm), and their passive stress–stretch relationship was measured. E was computed by exponential fitting of the stress–stretch relationship. Subsequently, to assess the relative role of cellular and extracellular matrix components in determining OVX-induced changes in E, the tissues strips were decellularized and subjected to the same stretching protocol to measure E. A control group of eight sham-OVX mice was simultaneously studied. Results: E (kPa; m ± SE) in OVX mice was ∼twofold lower than in controls (11.7 ± 1.8 and 22.1 ± 4.4, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant difference between groups was found in E of the decellularized tissue (31.4 ± 12.05 and 40.9 ± 11.5, respectively; p = 0.58). Conclusion: Loss of female sexual hormones in an OVX model induces a reduction in the passive stiffness of myocardial tissue, suggesting that active relaxation should play a counterbalancing role in diastolic dysfunction in post-menopausal women with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Farré
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Heart Diseases Biomedical Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Jorba
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Pneumology, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bryan Falcones
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Martí-Almor
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Farré
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Almendros
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Navajas
- Unitat Biofísica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia - The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Odening KE, Deiß S, Dilling-Boer D, Didenko M, Eriksson U, Nedios S, Ng FS, Roca Luque I, Sanchez Borque P, Vernooy K, Wijnmaalen AP, Yorgun H. Mechanisms of sex differences in atrial fibrillation: role of hormones and differences in electrophysiology, structure, function, and remodelling. Europace 2018; 21:366-376. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katja E Odening
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Deiß
- Asklepios Medical Center Altona, Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Maxim Didenko
- Department of Surgical and Interventional Arrhythmology, Kuprianov's Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic, Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Rhythmology Division, Department of Medicine, GZO Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
- Cardioimmunology, Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sotirios Nedios
- Heart Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ivo Roca Luque
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus P Wijnmaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Unit, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Wang X, Tan Y, Xu B, Lu L, Zhao M, Ma J, Liang H, Liu J, Yu S. GPR30 Attenuates Myocardial Fibrosis in Diabetic Ovariectomized Female Rats: Role of iNOS Signaling. DNA Cell Biol 2018; 37:821-830. [PMID: 30227089 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Premenopausal women have a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease. Estrogen deficiency augments cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress and, thereby, aggravates myocardial fibrosis (MF) and diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive female rats. However, estrogen replacement therapy has no effect on myocardial infarction and cardiac fibrosis in postmenopausal women. Further clinical studies showed that high blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes is an important cause of MF, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. To experimentally address this issue, diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by injecting streptozotocin and administering a high-fat diet in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. High degrees of fibrosis and apoptosis were detected in the cardiac tissue of these rats, together with increased expression of iNOS. Further treatment with the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 decreased iNOS expression and the apoptosis rate in cardiac tissue significantly and inhibited cardiac fibroblast (CF) proliferation. Similar trends were observed in cultured CFs treated with high concentrations of fat and glucose. In addition, treatment with the iNOS-specific inhibitor W1400 attenuated iNOS and vimentin expression, which is associated with a marked reduction in MF. These results suggest that GPR30 activation inhibits MF in diabetic OVX female rats by suppressing cardiac iNOS activity and consequently NO levels. Thus, GPR30 activation may provide novel cardioprotection strategies for postmenopausal women, especially those with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowu Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanzhen Tan
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linhe Lu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minggao Zhao
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jipeng Ma
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Liang
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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29
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Li S, Gupte AA. The Role of Estrogen in Cardiac Metabolism and Diastolic Function. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2017; 13:4-8. [PMID: 28413575 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-13-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has similar prevalence and prognosis as HF with reduced EF, but there is no approved treatment for HFpEF. HFpEF is common in postmenopausal women, which suggests that the absence of estrogen (E2) plays a role in its pathophysiology. With the country's growing elderly population, the prevalence of HFpEF is rapidly increasing. This has triggered a renewed urgency in finding novel approaches to preventing and slowing the progression of HFpEF. In this review, we address the role of E2 in left ventricular diastolic function and how it impacts women with HFpEF as well as animal models. We also discuss the primary potential mechanisms that represent critical nodes in the mechanistic pathways of HFpEF and how new treatments could be developed to target those mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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30
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Hirose K, Daimon M, Miyazaki S, Chiang SJ, Morimoto-Ichikawa R, Maruyama M, Kawata T, Ohmura H, Daida H. Estrogen variation during the menstrual cycle does not influence left ventricular diastolic function and untwisting rate in premenopausal women. J Cardiol 2017; 69:389-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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31
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Kim HL, Kim MA, Oh S, Kim M, Park SM, Yoon HJ, Shin MS, Hong KS, Shin GJ, Shim WJ. Sex Difference in the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:507-512. [DOI: 10.1089/met.2016.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hack-Lyoung Kim
- Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Hyun Ju Yoon
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mi Seung Shin
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Hong
- Hanllym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Gil Ja Shin
- Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Xu JJ, Sun LL, Li SZ. The protective role of liquiritin in high fructose-induced myocardial fibrosis via inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1337-1349. [PMID: 27810791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been known as an important complication of diabetes and characterized by persistent diastolic dysfunction, resulting in myocardial fibrosis, which is associated inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Liquiritin is a major constituent of Glycyrrhiza Radix, possessing various pharmacological activities and exhibiting various positive biological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory properties and protective effects of lquiritin in high fructose-induced mice and cardiomyocytes to clarify the potential mechanism. The mice were divided into the control mice, 30% high fructose-induced mice, 10mg/kg liquiritin-treaed mice after fructose feeding and 20mg/kg liquiritin-treaed mice after fructose feeding. Liquiritin effectively reduced the lipid accumulation and insulin resistance induced by fructose feeding. In comparison to high fructose-feeding control mice, liquiritin-treated mice developed less myocardial fibrosis with lower expression of Collagen type I, Collagen type II and alpha smooth muscle-actin (α-SMA). In addition, liquiritin significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB phosphorylation through IKKα/IκBα signaling pathway suppression. Further, Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, was up-regulated for fructose stimulation, which was inactivated by liquiritin treatment in vivo and in vitro studies. Our data indicates that liquiritin has a protective effect against high fructose-induced myocardial fibrosis via suppression of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways, and liquiritin may be a promising candidate for diabetes-related myocardial fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth people's Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jin-Jin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Shuang-Zhan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
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Wu H, Chen L, Xie J, Li R, Li GN, Chen QH, Zhang XL, Kang LN, Xu B. Periostin expression induced by oxidative stress contributes to myocardial fibrosis in a rat model of high salt-induced hypertension. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:776-82. [PMID: 27220372 PMCID: PMC4918522 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein involved in fibrosis. The present study investigated the importance of periostin in hypertension-induced myocardial fibrosis. Rats were randomly divided into either the normal group (0.4% NaCl diet; n=8) or hypertension group (8% NaCl diet; n=8). For 36 weeks, the blood pressure and heart rate of the rats were monitored. At week 36, the hearts were extracted for further analysis. Masson's staining and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of periostin protein expression, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In addition, fibroblasts were isolated from adult rats and cultured in vitro, and following treatment with angiotensin II (Ang II) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), western blotting, immunofluorescence and 2′,7′ dichlorodihydrofluorescin staining were performed to examine reactive oxygen species production, and periostin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression levels. The results demonstrated that periostin expression and oxidative stress were increased in hypertensive hearts compared with normal hearts. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ang II upregulated the expression levels of periostin and α-SMA compared with the control, whereas, pretreatment with NAC inhibited oxidative stress, periostin and α-SMA expression in fibroblasts. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggested that oxidative stress-induced periostin is involved in myocardial fibrosis and hypertension. The present study demonstrated that periostin inhibition may be a promising approach for the inhibition of hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Guan-Nan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Lin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Li-Na Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Methanolic Extract of Ceplukan Leaf (Physalis minima L.) Attenuates Ventricular Fibrosis through Inhibition of TNF-α in Ovariectomized Rats. Adv Pharmacol Sci 2016; 2016:2428052. [PMID: 26941790 PMCID: PMC4752972 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2428052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase of heart failure prevalence on menopausal women was correlated with the decrease of estrogen level. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf (Physalis minima L.), which contains phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides, on ventricular TNF-α level and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (control (-); OVX 5: 5-week ovariectomy (OVX); OVX 9: 9-week ovariectomy; treatments I, II, and III: 9-weeks OVX + 4-week ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract doses 500, 1500, and 2500 mg/kgBW, resp.). TNF-α levels were measured with ELISA. Fibrosis was counted as blue colored tissues percentage using Masson's Trichrome staining. This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increases ventricular fibrosis (p < 0.05). Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decrease of ventricular fibrosis and TNF-α level in dose dependent manner compared to without treatment group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TNF-α level was normalized in 2500 mg/kgBW Physalis minima L. (p < 0.05) treatment. The reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-α level (p < 0.05, r = 0.873). Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decreases ventricular fibrosis through the inhibition of ventricular TNF-α level in ovariectomized rats.
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Hirokawa M, Daimon M, Lee SL, Nakao T, Kawata T, Kimura K, Kato TS, Mizuno Y, Watanabe M, Yatomi Y, Yamazaki T, Komuro I. Early menopause does not influence left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: A clinical observational study in healthy subjects. J Cardiol 2016; 68:548-553. [PMID: 26778586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women after their 50s and may contribute to the high prevalence of diastolic heart failure in elderly women. A decrease in estrogen levels after menopause is postulated to be one of the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon. However, there is a paucity of data on the relationship between the timing of menopause and the progression of LVDD in the clinical setting; thus, we investigated this relationship in healthy postmenopausal women. METHODS We enrolled 115 women and divided them into two groups according to median menopause age: 61 who experienced menopause at ≤50 years (early menopause group), and 54 who experienced menopause at >50 years (late menopause group). We compared the echocardiographic and clinical characteristics between the two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences in LV diastolic parameters (mitral E/A, p=0.561; e', p=0.052; E/e', p=0.081; DCT, p=0.082; prevalence of LVDD class, p=0.801), as well as other echocardiographic parameters and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the independent determinants of LVDD were age and body mass index, but not the timing of menopause. CONCLUSIONS Early menopause did not influence the progression of LVDD in postmenopausal women. The sharp progression of LVDD in elderly women is complex and probably influenced by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hirokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Daimon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Seitetsu L Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kawata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko S Kato
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yamazaki
- Clinical Research Support Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Issei Komuro
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Kai H, Kudo H, Takayama N, Yasuoka S, Aoki Y, Imaizumi T. Molecular mechanism of aggravation of hypertensive organ damages by short-term blood pressure variability. Curr Hypertens Rev 2015; 10:125-33. [PMID: 25544288 PMCID: PMC4428492 DOI: 10.2174/1573402111666141217112655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that not only the elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) but also the increase in BP variability (or fluctuation) are associated with hypertensive organ damages and the morbidity and mortality of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. However, the molecular mechanism whereby the increase in BP variability aggravates hypertensive organ damages remains unknown. Thus, we created a rat chronic model of a combination of hypertension and large BP variability by performing bilateral sino-aortic denervation in spontaneously hypertensive rat. A series of our studies using this model revealed that large BP variability induces chronic myocardial inflammation by activating local angiotensin II and mineralocorticoid receptor systems and thereby aggravates cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis, leading to systolic dysfunction, in hypertensive hearts. In addition, large BP variability induces the aggravation of arteriolosclerotic changes and ischemic cortical fibrosis in hypertensive kidney via local angiotensin II system.
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Chen Y, Zhang Z, Hu F, Yang W, Yuan J, Cui J, Hao S, Hu J, Zhou Y, Qiao S. 17β-estradiol prevents cardiac diastolic dysfunction by stimulating mitochondrial function: a preclinical study in a mouse model of a human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 147:92-102. [PMID: 25541436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of ovariectomy (OVX) and 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement on both mitochondrial and myocardial function in cTnT-Q92 transgenic mice generated by cardiac-restricted expression of a human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) mutation. METHODS The cTnT-Q92 mice were ovariectomized at twenty weeks of age and were treated with either placebo (OVX group) or E2 (OVX+E2 group) for twelve weeks before being sacrificed. Wild-type and cTnT-Q92 female mice receiving sham operation were used as controls. Indices of diastolic function such as mitral early (E) and late (A) inflow as well as isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) were measured by echocardiography. A Clark-type electrode was used to detect respiratory control, and ATP levels were determined at the mitochondrial level using HPLC. Key components related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1), were also analyzed using Western blot and RT-PCR. The levels of oxidative stress markers were determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid assay. RESULTS The cTnT-Q92 mice had impaired diastolic function compared with wild-type mice (E/A ratio, 1.39 ± 0.04 vs. 1.21 ± 0.01, p<0.001; IVRT, 19.17 ± 0.85 vs. 22.15 ± 1.43 ms, p=0.028). In response to ovariectomy, cardiac function further decreased compared with that observed in cTnT-Q92 mice that received the sham operation (E/A ratio, 1.15 ± 0.04 vs. 1.21 ± 0.01, p<0.001; IVRT, 28.31 ± 0.39 vs. 22.15 ± 1.43 ms, p=0.002). Myocardial energy metabolism, as determined by ATP levels (3.49 ± 0.31 vs. 5.07 ± 0.47 μmol/g, p<0.001), and the mitochondrial respiratory ratio (2.04 ± 0.10 vs. 2.63 ± 0.11, p=0.01) also decreased significantly. By contrast, myocardial concentrations of MDA increased significantly in the OVX group, and PGC-1α, PPARα and NRF-1decreased significantly. E2 supplementation significantly elevated myocardial ATP levels (4.55 ± 0.21 vs. 3.49 ± 0.31 μmol/g, p=0.003) and mitochondrial respiratory function (3.93 ± 0.05 vs. 2.63 ± 0.11, p=0.001); however, it reduced the MDA level (0.21 ± 0.02 vs. 0.36 ± 0.03 nmol/g, p<0.001), which subsequently improved diastolic function (E/A ratio, 1.35 ± 0.06 vs. 1.15 ± 0.04, p<0.001; IVRT, 18.22 ± 1.16 vs. 28.31 ± 0.39 ms, p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that 17β-estradiol improved myocardial diastolic function, prevented myocardial energy dysregulation, and reduced myocardial oxidative stress in cTnT-Q92 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhou Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 737 N Michigan Ave., 16th Floor, Chicago, USA
| | - Fenghuan Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Weixian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jiansong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shujing Hao
- Clinical Laboratory of Zhongke, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Clinical Laboratory of Zhongke, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shubin Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang H, Jessup JA, Lindsey SH, Chappell MC, Groban L. Role of estrogen in diastolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H628-40. [PMID: 24414072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women after menopause and may lead to heart failure. While evidence suggests that estrogens protect the premenopausal heart from hypertension and ventricular remodeling, the specific mechanisms involved remain elusive. Moreover, whether there is a protective role of estrogens against cardiovascular disease, and specifically LVDD, continues to be controversial. Clinical and basic science have implicated activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), linked to the loss of ovarian estrogens, in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal diastolic dysfunction. As a consequence of increased tissue ANG II and low estrogen, a maladaptive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system produces ROS that contribute to female sex-specific hypertensive heart disease. Recent insights from rodent models that mimic the cardiac phenotype of an estrogen-insufficient or -deficient woman (e.g., premature ovarian failure or postmenopausal), including the ovariectomized congenic mRen2.Lewis female rat, provide evidence showing that estrogen modulates the tissue RAAS and NOS system and related intracellular signaling pathways, in part via the membrane G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30; also called G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1). Complementing the cardiovascular research in this field, the echocardiographic correlates of LVDD as well as inherent limitations to its use in preclinical rodent studies will be briefly presented. Understanding the roles of estrogen and GPR30, their interactions with the local RAAS and NOS system, and the relationship of each of these to LVDD is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets and alternative treatments for diastolic heart failure that achieve the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement without its side effects and contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Aoki Y, Kai H, Kajimoto H, Kudo H, Takayama N, Yasuoka S, Anegawa T, Iwamoto Y, Uchiwa H, Fukuda K, Kage M, Kato S, Fukumoto Y, Imaizumi T. Large Blood Pressure Variability Aggravates Arteriolosclerosis and Cortical Sclerotic Changes in the Kidney in Hypertensive Rats. Circ J 2014; 78:2284-91. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-14-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Aoki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hisashi Kai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroshi Kudo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Narimasa Takayama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Suguru Yasuoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Anegawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiko Iwamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroki Uchiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kenji Fukuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Masayoshi Kage
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital
| | - Seiya Kato
- Division of Pathology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Tsutomu Imaizumi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardio-Vascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
- International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka Sannno Hospital
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Zhang J, Knapton A, Lipshultz SE, Cochran TR, Hiraragi H, Herman EH. Sex-related differences in mast cell activity and doxorubicin toxicity: a study in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:361-75. [PMID: 23531790 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313482778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, girls appear to be more sensitive than boys to the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin, whereas the opposite may be true for adults. To identify and characterize potential sex-related differences, adult male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; some ovariectomized [OVX]) received 1 mg/kg of doxorubicin or saline iv weekly for 9, 10, or 12 weeks. Weight gain was slower in treated males. Serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides increased and those of albumin decreased in both sexes, but changes were more pronounced in treated males. Treated males had significantly more severe cardiomyopathy scores and higher serum levels of cTnT than females. The increased cardiotoxicity was accompanied by higher numbers of cardiac mast cells (MCs) and percentage of cardiac MCs undergoing degranulation. Doxorubicin-treated OVX animals had significantly increased numbers of cardiac MCs, more severe myocardial lesions, and elevated serum concentrations of cTnT compared to doxorubicin-treated normal female SHR. The severity of cardiac lesions in the OVX female was similar to that observed in doxorubicin-treated males. This study demonstrated the presence of sex-related differences in the cardiotoxic effects elicited by doxorubicin and identified variations in the level of cardiac MC activity as a factor which could possibly contribute to the male-female dissimilarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- 1Division of Drug Safety Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Neumann JT, Tzikas S, Funke-Kaiser A, Wilde S, Appelbaum S, Keller T, Ojeda-Echevarria F, Zeller T, Zwiener I, Sinning CR, Jagodzinski A, Schnabel RB, Lackner KJ, Münzel T, Blankenberg S, Wild PS, Sydow K. Association of MR-proadrenomedullin with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:451-9. [PMID: 23562132 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) is a protein, which exerts various effects on the cardiovascular system. Recent studies underscored its prognostic implications in patients with acute dyspnea and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of MR-proADM in the general population and to reveal potential associations of MR-proADM with cardiovascular risk factors and measures of subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS MR-proADM plasma concentrations were determined in individuals of the population-based cohort of the Gutenberg Health Study (N = 5000) using a commercially available fluoroimmunoassay. Individuals were enrolled between April 2007 and October 2008. Subclinical cardiovascular disease was assessed using echocardiographic and functional measures of myocardial and vascular function. The mean age of the study population was 55.5 ± 10.9 years. In the overall population we determined a median MR-proADM plasma concentration of 0.44 nmol/L in men and women. MR-proADM concentrations were elevated in individuals with hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, known cardiovascular disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and history of myocardial infarction and stroke. In men, we observed a positive association of MR-proADM with reduced ejection fraction, intraventricular septal diameter, wall thickness, and echocardiographic measures of diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present age-dependent reference values for MR-proADM in a representative population sample. Elevated MR-proADM plasma concentrations were strongly associated with classical cardiovascular risk factors and manifest cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, we revealed a gender-specific association with echocardiographic measures of hypertension. MR-proADM seems to be a promising prognostic biomarker for subclinical and manifest cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tobias Neumann
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, Hamburg University Heart Center, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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Estrogen is involved in improvement of impaired cardiac glucose uptake in cancer patients. J Cardiol Cases 2012; 7:e24-e26. [PMID: 30533112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jccase.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that inflammatory stress impaired cardiac glucose uptake, using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) by showing that a proportion of patients with subtle FDG signals was remarkably increased compared with that of normal subjects. The current study assessed the inhibitory effects of cancer-associated stress on cardiac glucose uptake in female cancer patients, and compared the results with those obtained for healthy female subjects. Cardiac glucose uptake was decreased in female cancer, as indicated by the significantly higher number of patients with poor FDG uptake and the lower number of patients with high FDG uptake, compared with the number of healthy subjects with poor and high FDG uptake, respectively. These results suggest that cancer-associated stress inhibited cardiac glucose utilization. From the 78 female cancer patients, 13 oophorectomized patients, who underwent repeated postoperative follow-up examinations by FDG-PET/CT before and after receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogen derivatives, were analyzed to determine the effects of estrogen on cardiac glucose uptake. HRT increased a proportion of patients with high FDG signals to comparable in healthy subjects with high FDG uptake, whereas that of patients with poor FDG uptake decreased. These results suggest that estrogen can improve cardiac glucose uptake in cancer-resected and oophorectomized patients. <Learning objective: This study presents us a new point of view, which should be taken into account on the pathophysiology in some cardiovascular diseases, the sex-differences of energy substrates for the heart, i.e., estrogen or its derivatives accelerates the preference of glucose by the heart. Unfortunately, a very few studies have studied on this issue, e.g., effects of sex-steroid on cardiac uptake of energy substrate, and therefore, this suggests that cardiologists do not focus on this issue.>.
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Yorgun H, Tokgözoğlu L, Canpolat U, Gürses KM, Bozdağ G, Yapıcı Z, Sahiner L, Kaya EB, Kabakçı G, Oto A, Tuncer M, Aytemir K. The cardiovascular effects of premature ovarian failure. Int J Cardiol 2012; 168:506-10. [PMID: 23073277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.09.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that cardiovascular risk is increased in premature ovarian failure (POF). To determine the effects of POF on different parameters of cardiovascular health, we investigated the relationship between POF and circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), endothelial function, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and left ventricular diastolic function. METHODS We compared 23 female POF patients (mean age; 37.8 ± 10.8 years) with 20 gender and age-matched healthy controls. Circulating CD133(+)/34(+) and CD34(+)/KDR(+) EPCs were determined by using flow-cytometry. Ultrasound assessment of endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and CIMT was made. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic function was assessed by standard 2D and M-mode echocardiography and tissue Doppler velocities. RESULTS Brachial artery FMD was significantly impaired in patients with POF compared with CG (6.3 ± 1.9% vs 10.4 ± 3.7%, p<0.05). Furthermore, circulating EPCs were lower among patients with POF compared to controls for CD133(+)/34(+) and CD34(+)/KDR(+) cells (p<0.05). There was a significant correlation between serum estradiol levels and EPC number (CD 133+/34+) (r=0.329, p<0.05). POF patients had increased CIMT compared to controls (0.67 ± 0.17 vs 0.43 ± 0.10, p<0.05). When diastolic functions were assessed, patients with POF had lower Epeak, Apeak and mitral CP and higher DT and IVRT (p<0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that endothelial function as well as circulating EPCs, CIMT and diastolic function are significantly affected in young women with POF which may have an adverse long-term effect on cardiovascular prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Yorgun
- Department of Cardiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Selective gene expression analysis of muscular and vascular components in hearts using laser microdissection method. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:863410. [PMID: 22778964 PMCID: PMC3384972 DOI: 10.1155/2012/863410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The heart consists of various kinds of cell components. However, it has not been feasible to separately analyze the gene expression of individual components. The laser microdissection (LMD) method, a new technology to collect target cells from the microscopic regions, has been used for malignancies. We sought to establish a method to selectively collect the muscular and vascular regions from the heart sections and to compare the marker gene expressions with this method. Methods and Results. Frozen left ventricle sections were obtained from Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) at 24 weeks of age. Using the LMD method, the muscular and vascular regions were selectively collected under microscopic guidance. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of cardiac myocytes, was expressed in the muscular samples, but not in the vascular samples, whereas α-smooth muscle actin, a marker of smooth muscle cells, was detected only in the vascular samples. Moreover, SHR-SP had significantly greater BNP upregulation than WKY (P < 0.05) in the muscular samples. Conclusions. The LMD method enabled us to separately collect the muscular and vascular samples from myocardial sections and to selectively evaluate mRNA expressions of the individual tissue component.
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Kalogeropoulos AP, Georgiopoulou VV, Butler J. From Risk Factors to Structural Heart Disease: The Role of Inflammation. Heart Fail Clin 2012; 8:113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2011.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Wu C, Ye P, Li S. Circulating immune complexes correlate with collagen carboxypropeptide in patients with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2011; 21:19-23. [DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2011.617048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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