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Wang X, Wang X. The regulation of hypoxia-related lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:144. [PMID: 38713276 PMCID: PMC11076439 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a public health disease with its high prevalence and morbidity. Short of early diagnosis biomarkers and effective therapy, the treatment of HCC patients hasn't achieved ideal effect. Hypoxia is a hallmark of HCC, which is mainly induced by imbalance of tumor cell proliferation and insufficient supply of oxygen. Recently, amounting evidence suggested lncRNAs, especially hypoxia-related lncRNAs play a pivotal role in regulating HCC. Hypoxia-related lncRNAs are involved in altering glucose metabolism, maintaining of cancer stem cell-like properties (CSCs), cell apotosis, proliferation and immune escape, which all contribute to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. The novel identified hypoxia-related lncRNAs could be the potential target or biomarkers of HCC, which are beneficial to the clinical treatment. Herein, we summarized currently reported hypoxia-related lncRNAs and their related mechanisms, providing potential application and future perspective of hypoxia-related lncRNAs as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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2
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Wang H, Tsung A, Mishra L, Huang H. Regulatory T cell: a double-edged sword from metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105031. [PMID: 38401419 PMCID: PMC10904199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is becoming a leading cause of end-stage liver disease globally. Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) represents a progressive inflammatory manifestation of MASLD. MASH underlies a versatile and dynamic inflammatory microenvironment, accompanied by aberrant metabolism and ongoing liver regeneration, establishing itself as a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The mechanisms underlying the escape and survival of malignant cells within the extensive inflammatory microenvironment of MASH remain elusive. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses in the liver. Paradoxically, Tregs have been implicated in inhibiting tumour-promoting inflammation and facilitating the evasion of cancer cells. Recent studies have unveiled distinct behaviours of Tregs at different stages of MASLD, suggesting a dual role in the pathogenesis. In this review, we explore the fate of Tregs from MASLD to HCC, offering recent insights into potential targets for clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lopa Mishra
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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3
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Colombo E, Di Dario M, Menon R, Valente MM, Bassani C, Sarno N, Mazza D, Montini F, Moiola L, Comi G, Martinelli V, Farina C. HNF4α, SP1 and c-myc are master regulators of CNS autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2023; 138:103053. [PMID: 37236124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α), a transcription factor (TF) essential for embryonic development, has been recently shown to regulate the expression of inflammatory genes. To characterize HNF4a function in immunity, we measured the effect of HNF4α antagonists on immune cell responses in vitro and in vivo. HNF4α blockade reduced immune activation in vitro and disease severity in the experimental model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Network biology studies of human immune transcriptomes unraveled HNF4α together with SP1 and c-myc as master TF regulating differential expression at all MS stages. TF expression was boosted by immune cell activation, regulated by environmental MS risk factors and higher in MS immune cells compared to controls. Administration of compounds targeting TF expression or function demonstrated non-synergic, interdependent transcriptional control of CNS autoimmunity in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we identified a coregulatory transcriptional network sustaining neuroinflammation and representing an attractive therapeutic target for MS and other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Colombo
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Di Dario
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Ramesh Menon
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Valente
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bassani
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicole Sarno
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Mazza
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Montini
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Moiola
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Comi
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Martinelli
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSpe), Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Byeon SJ, Chang MS, Cho HJ, Park JH, Kim KH, Park JH, Choi IS, Kim W, Han DS, Ahn HS, Heo SC. Prognostic roles of leptin-signaling proteins, PD-L1, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. J Surg Oncol 2023; 127:587-597. [PMID: 36367404 DOI: 10.1002/jso.27140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers are rare, with a poor patient prognosis. Leptin and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) influence CD8+ and forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ lymphocytes, and thus, cancer cell growth. We aimed to define the prognostic implications of these variables and the clinicopathological features of biliary tract cancers. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for leptin signaling-related proteins (leptin, leptin receptor, pSTAT3, extracellular-regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin), PD-L1, CD8, and FOXP3 and in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNAs were performed in 147 cases of surgically-resected biliary tract cancers. RESULTS Immune cell PD-L1-positivity, tumor size < 3 cm, adjuvant chemotherapy, no recurrence, and early-stage tumors were correlated with better 5-year survival in the tumoral PD-L1(-) and leptin(-) subgroups, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma through multivariate analysis (all p < 0.05). Immune cell PD-L1 and adjuvant chemotherapy lost its prognostic significance in the tumoral PD-L1+ and leptin+ subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The prognostic implication of the variables may depend upon tumoral protein expression and the anatomical site. Immune cell PD-L1-positivity and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy may indicate the favorable survival of patients with surgically-resected biliary tract cancers, specifically, in the tumoral PD-L1(-) or tumor leptin(-) subgroups and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. PD-L1- or leptin-targeted therapy combined with conventional chemotherapy may benefit the tumoral PD-L1+ or leptin+ subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Byeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Jin Cho
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Han
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seong Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Chen C, Wang Z, Ding Y, Qin Y. Tumor microenvironment-mediated immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133308. [PMID: 36845131 PMCID: PMC9950271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and is the third leading cause of tumor-related mortality worldwide. In recent years, the emergency of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has revolutionized the management of HCC. Especially, the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD1) and bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) has been approved by the FDA as the first-line treatment for advanced HCC. Despite great breakthrough in systemic therapy, HCC continues to portend a poor prognosis owing to drug resistance and frequent recurrence. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC is a complex and structured mixture characterized by abnormal angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, and dysregulated extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, collectively contributing to the immunosuppressive milieu that in turn prompts HCC proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. The tumor microenvironment coexists and interacts with various immune cells to maintain the development of HCC. It is widely accepted that a dysfunctional tumor-immune ecosystem can lead to the failure of immune surveillance. The immunosuppressive TME is an external cause for immune evasion in HCC consisting of 1) immunosuppressive cells; 2) co-inhibitory signals; 3) soluble cytokines and signaling cascades; 4) metabolically hostile tumor microenvironment; 5) the gut microbiota that affects the immune microenvironment. Importantly, the effectiveness of immunotherapy largely depends on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Also, the gut microbiota and metabolism profoundly affect the immune microenvironment. Understanding how TME affects HCC development and progression will contribute to better preventing HCC-specific immune evasion and overcoming resistance to already developed therapies. In this review, we mainly introduce immune evasion of HCC underlying the role of immune microenvironment, describe the dynamic interaction of immune microenvironment with dysfunctional metabolism and the gut microbiome, and propose therapeutic strategies to manipulate the TME in favor of more effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Degechisa ST, Dabi YT. Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6719-6728. [PMID: 36536644 PMCID: PMC9758981 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s389845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease caused by an intracellular bacillus bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae which lives and multiplies in the hosts' macrophages and Schwann cells. Depending on the degree of the host's cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response to the bacilli, the disease manifests itself in five clinical spectra ranging from polar tuberculoid (TT) to polar lepromatous leprosy (LL). A very high level of T helper 1 (Th1) driven bacilli-specific CMI is seen in the TT form, whereas this response is essentially nonexistent in the LL form. As a result, there is very low or absent bacillary load and localized nodular lesions in TT patients. On the contrary, LL patients presented with high bacillary load and generalized lesions due to low CMI response. The mechanism underlying this divergence of CMI response is not clearly elucidated yet. However, mounting evidence links it to an elevated number of Th1 and Th17 suppressing CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Treg cells) which are abundantly found in LL than in TT patients. The predominance of these cells in LL patients is partly attributed to a deficiency of leptin, the cytokine-like peptide hormone, in these patients. Becausea normal level of leptin promotes the proliferation and preferential differentiation of effector T cells (Th1 and Th17) while inhibiting the growth and functional responsiveness of the Treg cells. In contrast, leptin deficiency or neutralization was reported to exert the opposite effect on Treg cells and effector T cells. Other smaller subsets of lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells and B regulatory cells are also modulated by leptin level in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Leptin may therefore regulate the divergence of CMI between TT and LL patients by regulating the homeostasis of effector T cells and Treg cells, and this review will examine the underlying mechanism for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Chavez-Tapia NC, Murúa-Beltrán Gall S, Ordoñez-Vázquez AL, Nuño-Lambarri N, Vidal-Cevallos P, Uribe M. Understanding the Role of Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:583-593. [PMID: 35818404 PMCID: PMC9270896 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s283840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have a rising prevalence worldwide. The relationship between these two entities has long been studied and understanding it has become a public health and clinical priority. This association follows, in most patients, the path through non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and finally HCC. Nonetheless, increasing evidence has been found, that shows MetS as an independent risk factor for the development of HCC. This review brings together the clinical evidence of the relationship between these highly prevalent diseases, with a particular interest in the impact of each component of MetS on HCC; It aims to summarize the complex physiopathological pathways that explain this relationship, and to shed light on the different clinical scenarios of this association, the impact of treating the different components of MetS on the risk of HCC and what is known about screening for HCC in patients with MetS. By doing so, it hopes to improve awareness on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto C Chavez-Tapia
- Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Transational Research Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
- Correspondence: Norberto C Chavez-Tapia, Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150. Col. Toriello Guerra, Tlalpan, Mexico City, CP 14050, Mexico, Email
| | | | | | - Natalia Nuño-Lambarri
- Transational Research Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology Department, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Zakaria S, Allam S, El-Sisi AE. Perindopril sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma to chemotherapy: A possible role of leptin / Wnt/ β-catenin axis with subsequent inhibition of liver cancer stem cells. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:1170-1180. [PMID: 36164573 PMCID: PMC9508642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. The major challenge in managing HCC is the resistance to chemotherapy. Leptin hormone is associated with different oncogenic pathways implicated in drug resistance. Angiotensin II was found to decrease the production and secretion of leptin. Objective This study investigated the potential role of an ACEI perindopril as a chemosensitizer agent to sorafenib. Method HCC was induced in mice using a single dose of diethylnitrosamine DENA (200 mg/kg) followed by phenobarbital 0.05% in drinking water for 16 weeks. Mice were then treated with perindopril (1 mg/kg/day), Sorafenib (30 mg/kg/day), or both of them for another four weeks. Leptin, VEGF, MMP-9, Cyclin D1, EpCAM, and β-catenin were measured using immunoassay while Wnt and ALDH1 were assayed using western blotting assay. Results Perindopril whether alone or in combination with sorafenib decrease liver enzymes and preserve the liver architecture. Our study revealed that perindopril significantly increased the antineoplastic, antiangiogenic as well as anti-metastatic effects of sorafenib. This effect was correlated with the downregulation of the leptin / Wnt / β-catenin pathway and overexpression of ALDH1 while downregulation of EpCAM Conclusion This study presents perindopril as a potential chemosensitizer agent that works through decreased expression of the leptin / Wnt / β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaferelsheikh University, 33516, Kaferelsheikh, Egypt
- Corresponding author.at: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kaferelsheikh University, Kafer elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Alaa E. El-Sisi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, 31512, Tanta, Egypt
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Tang P, Qu W, Wang T, Liu M, Wu D, Tan L, Zhou H. Identifying a Hypoxia-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs Signature to Improve the Prediction of Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Genet 2021; 12:785185. [PMID: 34917132 PMCID: PMC8669612 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.785185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Background: Both hypoxia and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We sought to establish a hypoxia-related lncRNA signature and explore its correlation with immunotherapy response in HCC. Materials and Methods: Hypoxia-related differentially expressed lncRNAs (HRDELs) were identified by conducting the differential gene expression analyses in GSE155505 and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)- liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) datasets. The HRDELs landscape in patients with HCC in TCGA-LIHC was dissected by an unsupervised clustering method. Patients in the TCGA-LIHC cohort were stochastically split into the training and testing dataset. The prognostic signature was developed using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) penalty Cox and multivariable Cox analyses. The tumor immune microenvironment was delineated by the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. The Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was applied to evaluate the predictive value of the constructed signature in immunotherapeutic responsiveness. Results: A total of 55 HRDELs were identified through integrated bioinformatical analyses in GSE155505 and TCGA-LIHC. Patients in the TCGA-LIHC cohort were categorized into three HRDELs-specific clusters associated with different clinical outcomes. The prognostic signature involving five hypoxia-related lncRNAs (LINC00869, CAHM, RHPN1-AS1, MKLN1-AS, and DUXAP8) was constructed in the training dataset and then validated in the testing dataset and entire TCGA-LIHC cohort. The 5-years AUC of the constructed signature for prognostic prediction reaches 0.705 and is superior to that of age, AJCC stage, and histopathological grade. Patients with high-risk scores consistently had poorer overall survival outcomes than those with low-risk scores irrespective of other clinical parameters status. The low-risk group had more abundance in activated CD8+ T cell and activated B cell and were predicted to be more responsive to immunotherapy and targeted therapy than the high-risk group. Conclusion: We established a reliable hypoxia-related lncRNAs signature that could accurately predict the clinical outcomes of HCC patients and correlate with immunotherapy response and targeted drug sensitivity, providing new insights for immunotherapy and targeted therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingfei Tang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Qu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Taoli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Minji Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Dajun Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Hongbing Zhou
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbing Zhou,
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by tumor-like hyperplasia and inflammation of the synovium, which causes synovial cell invasion into the bone and cartilage. In RA pathogenesis, various molecules in effector cells (i.e., immune cells and mesenchymal cells) are dysregulated by genetic and environmental factors. Consistent with the early stages of RA, these pathogenic cells cooperate and activate each other directly by cell-to-cell contact or indirectly via humoral factors. Recently, growing evidence has revealed essential role of adipokines, which are multifunctional signal transduction molecules, in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cross-talk between leptin, one of the most well-known and best-characterized adipokines, and osteoimmunology. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of leptin to the pathogenesis of RA and its potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Kim H, Lee DS, An TH, Park HJ, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Metabolic Spectrum of Liver Failure in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity: From NAFLD to NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094495. [PMID: 33925827 PMCID: PMC8123490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is the spectrum of liver damage ranging from simple steatosis called as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinically, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes coexist. Type 2 diabetes contributes to biological processes driving the severity of NAFLD, the primary cause for development of chronic liver diseases. In the last 20 years, the rate of non-viral NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC has been increasing rapidly. As there are currently no suitable drugs for treatment of NAFLD and NASH, a class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is sometimes used to improve liver failure despite the risk of side effects. Therefore, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of the development and progression of NAFLD and NASH are important issues. In this review, we will discuss the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and NAFLD/NASH-derived HCC and the current promising pharmacological therapies of NAFLD/NASH. Further, we will provide insights into "adipose-derived adipokines" and "liver-derived hepatokines" as diagnostic and therapeutic targets from NAFLD to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Da Som Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (H.K.); (D.S.L.); (T.H.A.); (H.-J.P.); (W.K.K.)
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.B.); (K.-J.O.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4268 (K.-H.B.); +82-42-879-8265 (K.-J.O.)
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12
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Gameiro A, Nascimento C, Urbano AC, Correia J, Ferreira F. Serum and Tissue Expression Levels of Leptin and Leptin Receptor Are Putative Markers of Specific Feline Mammary Carcinoma Subtypes. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:625147. [PMID: 33644151 PMCID: PMC7902695 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.625147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for breast cancer in post-menopausal women, being associated with elevated serum levels of leptin. Although overweight is a common condition in cat, the role of leptin and its receptor in feline mammary carcinoma remains unsettled. In this study, serum leptin and leptin receptor (ObR) levels were investigated in 58 cats with mammary carcinoma and compared with those of healthy animals, as were the expression levels of leptin and ObR in tumor tissues. The results showed that the Free Leptin Index is significantly decreased in cats with mammary carcinoma (p = 0.0006), particularly in those with luminal B and HER2-positive tumors, and that these animals also present significantly lower serum leptin levels (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005, respectively). Interestingly, ulcerating tumors (p = 0.0005) and shorter disease-free survival (p = 0.0217) were associated to serum leptin levels above 4.17 pg/mL. In contrast, elevated serum ObR levels were found in all cats with mammary carcinoma (p < 0.0001), with levels above 16.89 ng/mL being associated with smaller tumors (p = 0.0118), estrogen receptor negative status (p = 0.0291) and increased serum levels of CTLA-4 (p = 0.0056), TNF-α (p = 0.0025), PD-1 (p = 0.0023), and PD-L1 (p = 0.0002). In tumor samples, leptin is overexpressed in luminal B and triple-negative carcinomas (p = 0.0046), whereas ObR is found to be overexpressed in luminal B tumors (p = 0.0425). Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that serum levels of leptin and ObR can be used as biomarkers of specific feline mammary carcinoma subtypes, and suggests the use of leptin antagonists as a therapeutic tool, reinforcing the utility of the cat as a cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gameiro
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nascimento
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Urbano
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Unraveling the Role of Leptin in Liver Function and Its Relationship with Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249368. [PMID: 33316927 PMCID: PMC7764544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery twenty-five years ago, the fat-derived hormone leptin has provided a revolutionary framework for studying the physiological role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Leptin exerts pleiotropic effects on many metabolic pathways and is tightly connected with the liver, the major player in systemic metabolism. As a consequence, understanding the metabolic and hormonal interplay between the liver and adipose tissue could provide us with new therapeutic targets for some chronic liver diseases, an increasing problem worldwide. In this review, we assess relevant literature regarding the main metabolic effects of leptin on the liver, by direct regulation or through the central nervous system (CNS). We draw special attention to the contribution of leptin to the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis and its progression to more advanced stages of the disease as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Likewise, we describe the contribution of leptin to the liver regeneration process after partial hepatectomy, the mainstay of treatment for certain hepatic malignant tumors.
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14
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Osei-Bordom D, Bozward AG, Oo YH. The hepatic microenvironment and regulatory T cells. Cell Immunol 2020; 357:104195. [PMID: 32861844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human liver is regarded as a lymphoid organ that contributes to both local and systemic immune response. Intrahepatic immune cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) reside in the hepatic microenvironment which is enriched with proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines and metabolites. In addition, the hepatic microenvironment has the unique ability to establish and maintain immune tolerance despite the continuous influx of the gut derived microbial products via the portal vein. Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining the hepatic tolerogenic state; however, the phenotypic stability, function and survival of Tregs in the inflamed liver microenvironment is still poorly understood. Despite this, Tregs immunotherapy remains as an appealing therapeutic option in autoimmune and immune mediated liver diseases. In order to advance cell therapy, it is important for us to further our understanding of the hepatic microenvironment, with the aim of developing ways to modify the hostile, inflamed environment to one which is more favourable. By doing so, T cell stability and function would be enhanced, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Osei-Bordom
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Amber G Bozward
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR BRC, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; European Reference Network Centre: Rare Liver, United Kingdom; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital of Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
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16
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Leptin: an unappreciated key player in SLE. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 39:305-317. [PMID: 31707542 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04831-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is the forerunner of the adipokine superfamily and plays a key role in regulating energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Researches into leptin put emphasize not only on the metabolic role but also its immunoregulatory effect on immune response through immunocyte activation and cytokine secretion. Leptin acts on receptors that are widespread throughout the body and that are expressed across many tissue types. As a consequence, the abnormal expression of leptin has been found to correlate with a number of diseases, including cancers, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. The significance of leptin in the development of autoimmune diseases is becoming increasingly prominent. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe atypical autoimmune disease that causes damage to multiple organ systems. It is characterised by the following: impaired clearance of apoptotic cells, loss of tolerance to self-antigens, aberrant activation of T cells and B cells, and chronic inflammation. The heightened immunocyte response in SLE means that these physiological systems are particularly vulnerable to regulation by leptin in addition to being of great significance to the research field. Our current review provides insight into the regulatory roles that leptin plays on immune effector cells in SLE.
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17
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Lu C, Rong D, Zhang B, Zheng W, Wang X, Chen Z, Tang W. Current perspectives on the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma: challenges and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:130. [PMID: 31464625 PMCID: PMC6714090 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is on the rise due to the prevalence of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. Although there are surgical and chemotherapy treatment avenues the mortality rate of HCC remains high. Immunotherapy is currently the new frontier of cancer treatment and the immunobiology of HCC is emerging as an area for further exploration. The tumor microenvironment coexists and interacts with various immune cells to sustain the growth of HCC. Thus, immunosuppressive cells play an important role in the anti-tumor immune response. This review will discuss the current concepts of immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages, marrow-derived suppressor cells, tumor-associated neutrophils, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and regulatory T cell interactions to actively promote tumorigenesis. It further elaborates on current treatment modalities and future areas of exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Rong
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Betty Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wubin Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Hepatobiliary/Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. .,Key Laboratory of Living Donor Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Rodríguez-Rabassa M, López P, Rodríguez-Santiago RE, Cases A, Felici M, Sánchez R, Yamamura Y, Rivera-Amill V. Cigarette Smoking Modulation of Saliva Microbial Composition and Cytokine Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2479. [PMID: 30405010 PMCID: PMC6266915 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use has been implicated as an immunomodulator in the oral cavity and contributes to the development of oral cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoking on bacterial diversity and host responses compared to healthy nonsmoking controls. Saliva samples were collected from eighteen smokers and sixteen nonsmoking individuals by passive drool. The 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the salivary microbiome by using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Cytokine and chemokine expression analyses were performed to evaluate the host response. Significant differences in cytokine and chemokine expression levels of MDC, IL-10, IL-5, IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), insulin, and leptin were observed between smokers and nonsmokers. Taxonomic analyses revealed differences between the two groups, and some bacterial genera associated with the smokers group had correlations with hormones and cytokines identified as statistically different between smokers and nonsmokers. These factors have been associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis in the oral cavity. The data obtained may aid in the identification of the interactions between the salivary microbiome, host inflammatory responses, and metabolism in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Rodríguez-Rabassa
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
- Clinical Psychology Program, School of Behavioral & Brain Science, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Pablo López
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Ronald E Rodríguez-Santiago
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Antonio Cases
- Tobacco Control and Oral Health Division, Department of Health, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Marcos Felici
- Tobacco Control and Oral Health Division, Department of Health, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Raphael Sánchez
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Yasuhiro Yamamura
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
| | - Vanessa Rivera-Amill
- AIDS Research Infrastructure Program, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, 395 Dr. Luis F. Sala Street, Ponce, PR 00716-2348, USA.
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19
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Adipokines and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Multiple Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081649. [PMID: 28758929 PMCID: PMC5578039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence links obesity with low-grade inflammation which may originate from adipose tissue that secretes a plethora of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines termed adipokines. Adiponectin and leptin have evolved as crucial signals in many obesity-related pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whereas adiponectin deficiency might be critically involved in the pro-inflammatory state associated with obesity and related disorders, overproduction of leptin, a rather pro-inflammatory mediator, is considered of equal relevance. An imbalanced adipokine profile in obesity consecutively contributes to metabolic inflammation in NAFLD, which is associated with a substantial risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) also in the non-cirrhotic stage of disease. Both adiponectin and leptin have been related to liver tumorigenesis especially in preclinical models. This review covers recent advances in our understanding of some adipokines in NAFLD and associated HCC.
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