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Flores-Hermenegildo JM, Hernández-Cázares FDJ, Pérez-Pérez D, Romero-Ramírez H, Rodríguez-Alba JC, Licona-Limon P, Kilimann MW, Santos-Argumedo L, López-Herrera G. Lrba participates in the differentiation of IgA+ B lymphocytes through TGFβR signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386260. [PMID: 38975349 PMCID: PMC11224471 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lrba is a cytoplasmic protein involved in vesicular trafficking. Lrba-deficient (Lrba-/-) mice exhibit substantially higher levels of IgA in both serum and feces than wild-type (WT) mice. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and its receptors (TGFβR I and II) is essential for differentiating IgA+ B cells. Furthermore, increased IgA production suggests a potential connection between Lrba and the TGFβR signaling pathway in IgA production. However, the specific function of Lrba in B cell biology remains unknown. Aim Given the increased IgA levels in Lrba-/- mice, the goal in this work was to explore the lymph organs where the switch to IgA occurs, and if TGFβR function is affected. Methods Non-immunized Lrba-/- mice were compared with Lrba+/+ mice. IgA levels in the serum and feces, as well as during peripheral B cell development, were determined. IgA+ B cells and plasma cells were assessed in the small intestine and secondary lymphoid organs, such as the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. The TGFβR signaling pathway was evaluated by determining the expression of TGFβR on B cells. Additionally, SMAD2 phosphorylation was measured under basal conditions and in response to recombinant TGFβ. Finally, confocal microscopy was performed to investigate a possible interaction between Lrba and TGFβR in B cells. Results Lrba-/- mice exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating IgA, IgA+ B, and plasma cells than in peripheral lymphoid organs those in WT mice. TGFβR expression on the membrane of B cells was similar in both Lrba-/- and Lrba+/+ mice. However, intracellular TGFβR expression was reduced in Lrba-/- mice. SMAD2 phosphorylation showed increased levels under basal conditions; stimulation with recombinant TGFβ elicited a poorer response than in that in Lrba+/+ B cells. Finally, we found that Lrba colocalizes with TGFβR in B cells. Conclusion Lrba is essential in controlling TGFβR signaling, subsequently regulating SMAD2 phosphorylation on B cells. This mechanism may explain the increased differentiation of IgA+ B cells and production of IgA-producing plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mizael Flores-Hermenegildo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe de Jesús Hernández-Cázares
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniela Pérez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Héctor Romero-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Alba
- Unidad de Neuroinmunología y Neurooncología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugia (NINN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina y Cirugía, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca (UABJO), Ciudad de Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Paula Licona-Limon
- Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Manfred W. Kilimann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gabriela López-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría (INP), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Iamsawat S, Yu R, Kim S, Dvorina N, Qiu K, Choi J, Baldwin WM, Min B. Single-Cell Analysis Uncovers Striking Cellular Heterogeneity of Lung-Infiltrating Regulatory T Cells during Eosinophilic versus Neutrophilic Allergic Airway Inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1867-1876. [PMID: 38647384 PMCID: PMC11147735 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation results from uncontrolled immune responses to environmental Ags. Although it is well established that allergic immune responses exhibit a high degree of diversity, driven by primary effector cell types such as eosinophils, neutrophils, or CD4 T cells with distinct effector signatures, the mechanisms responsible for such pathogenesis remain elusive. Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential immune regulators during chronic inflammation, including allergic airway inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that Tregs infiltrating inflamed tissues exhibit distinct phenotypes dependent on the specific tissue sites and can display heterogeneity and tissue residency. Whether diverse allergic airway inflammatory responses influence infiltrating Treg heterogeneity or Treg lung residency has not been explored. We employed an unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing approach to investigate lung-infiltrating Tregs in models of eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation. We found that lung-infiltrating Tregs are highly heterogeneous, and that Tregs displaying lung-resident phenotypes are significantly different depending on the types of inflammation. Treg expression of ST2, a receptor for alarmin IL-33, was predominantly associated with eosinophilic inflammation and tissue residency. Nevertheless, Treg-specific ST2 deficiency did not affect the development of eosinophilic allergic inflammation or the generation of lung-resident Tregs. These results uncover a stark heterogeneity among Tregs infiltrating the lungs during allergic airway inflammation. The results indicate that varying types of inflammation may give rise to phenotypically distinct lung-resident Tregs, underscoring a (to our knowledge) novel mechanism by which inflammatory cues may shape the composition of infiltrating Tregs, allowing them to regulate inflammatory responses through tissue-adapted mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supinya Iamsawat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rongzhen Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Sohee Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Kevin Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - William M Baldwin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH
| | - Booki Min
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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3
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Perez-Perez D, Santos-Argumedo L, Rodriguez-Alba JC, Lopez-Herrera G. Analysis of LRBA pathogenic variants and the association with functional protein domains and clinical presentation. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2024; 35:e14179. [PMID: 38923448 DOI: 10.1111/pai.14179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
LRBA is a cytoplasmic protein that is ubiquitously distributed. Almost all LRBA domains have a scaffolding function. In 2012, it was reported that homozygous variants in LRBA are associated with early-onset hypogammaglobulinemia. Since its discovery, more than 100 pathogenic variants have been reported. This review focuses on the variants reported in LRBA and their possible associations with clinical phenotypes. In this work LRBA deficiency cases reported more than 11 years ago have been revised. A database was constructed to analyze the type of variants, age at onset, clinical diagnosis, infections, autoimmune diseases, and cellular and immunoglobulin levels. The review of cases from 2012 to 2023 showed that LRBA deficiency was commonly diagnosed in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency, followed by enteropathy, neonatal diabetes mellitus, ALPS, and X-linked-like syndrome. Most cases show early onset of presentation at <6 years of age. Most cases lack protein expression, whereas hypogammaglobulinemia is observed in half of the cases, and IgG and IgA levels are isotypes reported at low levels. Patients with elevated IgG levels exhibited more than one autoimmune manifestation. Patients carrying pathogenic variants leading to a premature stop codon show a severe phenotype as they have an earlier onset of disease presentation, severe autoimmune manifestations, premature death, and low B cells and regulatory T cell levels. Missense variants were more common in patients with low IgG levels and cytopenia. This work lead to the conclusion that the type of variant in LRBA has association with disease severity, which leads to a premature stop codon being the ones that correlates with severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Perez-Perez
- Doctorate Program in Biological Sciences, Autonomous National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Immunodeficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Santos-Argumedo
- Biomedicine Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J C Rodriguez-Alba
- Neuroimmunology and Neurooncology Unit, The National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (NINN), Mexico City, Mexico
- Medicine and Surgery Faculty, Autonomous University Benito Juarez from Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - G Lopez-Herrera
- Immunodeficiencies Laboratory, National Institute of Pediatrics (INP), Mexico City, Mexico
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Roussa E, Juda P, Laue M, Mai-Kolerus O, Meyerhof W, Sjöblom M, Nikolovska K, Seidler U, Kilimann MW. LRBA, a BEACH protein mutated in human immune deficiency, is widely expressed in epithelia, exocrine and endocrine glands, and neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10678. [PMID: 38724551 PMCID: PMC11082223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LRBA, a BEACH domain protein, cause severe immune deficiency in humans. LRBA is expressed in many tissues and organs according to biochemical analysis, but little is known about its cellular and subcellular localization, and its deficiency phenotype outside the immune system. By LacZ histochemistry of Lrba gene-trap mice, we performed a comprehensive survey of LRBA expression in numerous tissues, detecting it in many if not all epithelia, in exocrine and endocrine cells, and in subpopulations of neurons. Immunofluorescence microscopy of the exocrine and endocrine pancreas, salivary glands, and intestinal segments, confirmed these patterns of cellular expression and provided information on the subcellular localizations of the LRBA protein. Immuno-electron microscopy demonstrated that in neurons and endocrine cells, which co-express LRBA and its closest relative, neurobeachin, both proteins display partial association with endomembranes in complementary, rather than overlapping, subcellular distributions. Prominent manifestations of human LRBA deficiency, such as inflammatory bowel disease or endocrinopathies, are believed to be primarily due to immune dysregulation. However, as essentially all affected tissues also express LRBA, it is possible that LRBA deficiency enhances their vulnerability and contributes to the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Roussa
- Department Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pavel Juda
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Leukocyte Motility Lab, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University of Prague, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Mai-Kolerus
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute for Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute for Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Germany
- Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Sjöblom
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katerina Nikolovska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Endocrinology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ursula Seidler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology and Endocrinology, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred W Kilimann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Liu Z, Lu C, Qing P, Cheng R, Li Y, Guo X, Chen Y, Ying Z, Yu H, Liu Y. Genetic characteristics of common variable immunodeficiency patients with autoimmunity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1209988. [PMID: 38028622 PMCID: PMC10679925 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1209988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) is complex, especially when combined with autoimmunity. Genetic factors may be potential explanations for this complex situation, and whole genome sequencing (WGS) provide the basis for this potential. Methods: Genetic information of patients with CVID with autoimmunity, together with their first-degree relatives, was collected through WGS. The association between genetic factors and clinical phenotypes was studied using genetic analysis strategies such as sporadic and pedigree. Results: We collected 42 blood samples for WGS (16 CVID patients and 26 first-degree relatives of healthy controls). Through pedigree, sporadic screening strategies and low-frequency deleterious screening of rare diseases, we obtained 9,148 mutation sites, including 8,171 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and 977 Insertion-deletions (InDels). Finally, we obtained a total of 28 candidate genes (32 loci), of which the most common mutant was LRBA. The most common autoimmunity in the 16 patients was systematic lupus erythematosis. Through KEGG pathway enrichment, we identified the top ten signaling pathways, including "primary immunodeficiency", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", and "T-cell receptor signaling pathway". We used PyMOL to predict and analyse the three-dimensional protein structures of the NFKB1, RAG1, TIRAP, NCF2, and MYB genes. In addition, we constructed a PPI network by combining candidate mutants with genes associated with CVID in the OMIM database via the STRING database. Conclusion: The genetic background of CVID includes not only monogenic origins but also oligogenic effects. Our study showed that immunodeficiency and autoimmunity may overlap in genetic backgrounds. Clinical Trial Registration: identifier ChiCTR2100044035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pingying Qing
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruijuan Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Novogene Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Novogene Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) directly phosphorylates aquaporin-2 (AQP2) water channels in renal collecting ducts to reabsorb water from urine for the maintenance of systemic water homeostasis. More than 50 functionally distinct PKA-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) respectively create compartmentalized PKA signaling to determine the substrate specificity of PKA. Identification of an AKAP responsible for AQP2 phosphorylation is an essential step toward elucidating the molecular mechanisms of urinary concentration. PKA activation by several compounds is a novel screening strategy to uncover PKA substrates whose phosphorylation levels were nearly perfectly correlated with that of AQP2. The leading candidate in this assay proved to be an AKAP termed lipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor protein (LRBA). We found that LRBA colocalized with AQP2 in vivo, and Lrba knockout mice displayed a polyuric phenotype with severely impaired AQP2 phosphorylation. Most of the PKA substrates other than AQP2 were adequately phosphorylated by PKA in the absence of LRBA, demonstrating that LRBA-anchored PKA preferentially phosphorylated AQP2 in renal collecting ducts. Furthermore, the LRBA-PKA interaction, rather than other AKAP-PKA interactions, was robustly dissociated by PKA activation. AKAP-PKA interaction inhibitors have attracted attention for their ability to directly phosphorylate AQP2. Therefore, the LRBA-PKA interaction is a promising drug target for the development of anti-aquaretics.
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7
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Sudan R, Fernandes S, Srivastava N, Pedicone C, Meyer ST, Chisholm JD, Engelman RW, Kerr WG. LRBA Deficiency Can Lead to Lethal Colitis That Is Diminished by SHIP1 Agonism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:830961. [PMID: 35603158 PMCID: PMC9116273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans homozygous for inactivating LRBA (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive beige-like anchor) mutations or with compound heterozygous mutations exhibit a spectrum of immune-related pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The cause of this pathology remains undefined. Here we show that disruption of the colon epithelial barrier in LRBA-deficient mice by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) consumption leads to severe and uniformly lethal colitis. Analysis of bone marrow (BM) chimeras showed that susceptibility to lethal colitis is primarily due to LRBA deficiency in the immune compartment and not the gut epithelium. Further dissection of the immune defect in LRBA-deficient hosts showed that LRBA is essential for the expression of CTLA4 by Treg cells and IL22 and IL17 expression by ILC3 cells in the large intestine when the gut epithelium is compromised by DSS. We further show that SHIP1 agonism partially abrogates the severity and lethality of DSS-mediated colitis. Our findings indicate that enteropathy induced by LRBA deficiency has multiple causes and that SHIP1 agonism can partially abrogate the inflammatory milieu in the gut of LRBA-deficient hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raki Sudan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Neetu Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Chiara Pedicone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Shea T Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Robert W Engelman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States.,H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
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Hao Y, Cook MC. Inborn Errors of Immunity and Their Phenocopies: CTLA4 and PD-1. Front Immunol 2022; 12:806043. [PMID: 35154081 PMCID: PMC8832511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.806043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating links between genotype and phenotype in patients with rare inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) provides insights into mechanisms of immune regulation. In many autosomal dominant IEIs, however, variation in expressivity and penetrance result in complex genotype-phenotype relations, while some autosomal recessive IEIs are so rare that it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Phenocopies arise when an environmental or non-genetic factor replicates a phenotype conferred by a specific genotype. Phenocopies can result from therapeutic antibodies or autoantibodies that target a protein to replicate aspects of the phenotype conferred by mutations in the gene encoding the same protein. Here, we consider IEIs arising from rare genetic variants in CTLA4 and PDCD1 and compare clinical and laboratory manifestations arising as drug-induced phenocopies (immune related adverse events, IRAEs) in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and identify outstanding questions regarding mechanism of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Hao
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Department of Immunity and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew C Cook
- Centre for Personalised Immunology and Department of Immunity and Infectious Diseases, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Canberra Hospital, Woden, ACT, Australia
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9
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Yao J, Gu H, Mou W, Chen Z, Ma J, Ma H, Li N, Zhang R, Wang T, Jiang J, Wu R. Various phenotypes of LRBA gene with compound heterozygous variation: A case series report of pediatric cytopenia patients. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221125591. [PMID: 36074705 PMCID: PMC9465590 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221125591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is one of the most common
monogenic disorders causing common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and
CVID-like disorders. However, the clinical spectrum of compound heterozygous
(CHZ) LRBA variation should be extended. In this study, we presented five
cases of compound heterozygous LRBA with various refractory cytopenias. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical manifestations, management, and
outcomes of five cases (from five pedigrees) with LRBA gene
CHZ variants which initially manifested as single/multilineage immune
cytopenias was performed. Results: 1. Gene variations: All five patients inherited the compound heterozygous
LRBA variations from their parents which were thought to be pathogenic.
BEACH, DUF4704, and LamG were the main affected domains of LRBA gene in this
case series. 2. Immune dysregulation of clinic: (1) Hypogammaglobulinemia
were recorded in four patients, and the proportion of Treg was decreased in
two patients. Only one patient had been with increased TCRαβ+CD4/CD8
double-negative T cells (DNT). (2) Lymphoproliferative manifestations were
seen in three patients. (3) All five patients were complained with
cytopenia, although they showed different clinical manifestations. None of
the parents was asymptomatic. (4) Other immune disorders: P5 also had
relapsed infections and autoimmune endocrinopathy. 3. Management and
outcomes: P1 and P5 responded well to immunomodulatory therapy and P3 was
effectively treated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) first-line
regimen chemotherapy. P4 showed no responses to steroids and IVIG. However,
TPO-R agonist was effective. Conclusion: Unlike homozygous mutations, compound heterozygous LRBA variation should
always be kept in mind for the various phenotypes and different treatment
responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Yao
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, National Center for Children's Health, 117984Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Mou
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, National Center for Children's Health, 117984Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenping Chen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, National Center for Children's Health, 117984Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Honghao Ma
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Li
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, National Center for Children's Health, 117984Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, National Center for Children's Health, 117984Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Runhui Wu
- Hematology Center, National Center for Children`s Health, 117984Beijing Children`s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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10
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Janman D, Hinze C, Kennedy A, Halliday N, Waters E, Williams C, Rowshanravan B, Hou TZ, Minogue S, Qureshi OS, Sansom DM. Regulation of CTLA-4 recycling by LRBA and Rab11. Immunology 2021; 164:106-119. [PMID: 33960403 PMCID: PMC8358724 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 is an essential regulator of T-cell immune responses whose intracellular trafficking is a hallmark of its expression. Defects in CTLA-4 trafficking due to LRBA deficiency cause profound autoimmunity in humans. CTLA-4 rapidly internalizes via a clathrin-dependent pathway followed by poorly characterized recycling and degradation fates. Here, we explore the impact of manipulating Rab GTPases and LRBA on CTLA-4 expression to determine how these proteins affect CTLA-4 trafficking. We observe that CTLA-4 is distributed across several compartments marked by Rab5, Rab7 and Rab11 in both HeLa and Jurkat cells. Dominant negative (DN) inhibition of Rab5 resulted in increased surface CTLA-4 expression and reduced internalization and degradation. We also observed that constitutively active (CA) Rab11 increased, whereas DN Rab11 decreased CTLA-4 surface expression via an impact on CTLA-4 recycling, indicating CTLA-4 shares similarities with other recycling receptors such as EGFR. Additionally, we studied the impact of manipulating both LRBA and Rab11 on CTLA-4 trafficking. In Jurkat cells, LRBA deficiency was associated with markedly impaired CTLA-4 recycling and increased degradation that could not be corrected by expressing CA Rab11. Moreover LRBA deficiency reduced CTLA-4 colocalization with Rab11, suggesting that LRBA is upstream of Rab11. These results show that LRBA is required for effective CTLA-4 recycling by delivering CTLA-4 to Rab11 recycling compartments, and in its absence, CTLA-4 fails to recycle and undergoes degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Janman
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Claudia Hinze
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Alan Kennedy
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Neil Halliday
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Erin Waters
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Cayman Williams
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Tie Zheng Hou
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Shane Minogue
- Institute of Liver and Digestive HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David M. Sansom
- Institute of Immunity and TransplantationUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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11
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Gámez-Díaz L, Grimbacher B. Immune checkpoint deficiencies and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndromes. Biomed J 2021; 44:400-411. [PMID: 34384744 PMCID: PMC8514790 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) is an inherited non-malignant and non-infectious lymphoproliferative syndrome caused by mutations in genes affecting the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (FAS, FASL, CASP10). The resulting FAS-mediated apoptosis defect accounts for the expansion and accumulation of autoreactive (double-negative) T cells leading to cytopenias, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, autoimmune disorders, and risk of lymphoma. However, there are other monogenetic disorders known as ALPS-like syndromes that can be clinically similar to ALPS but are genetically and biologically different, such as observed in patients with immune checkpoint deficiencies, particularly cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) insufficiency and lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor protein LRBA deficiency. CTLA-4 insufficiency is caused by heterozygous mutations in CTLA-4, an essential negative immune regulator that is constitutively expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells. Mutations in CTLA-4 affect CTLA-4 binding to CD80-CD86 costimulatory molecules, CTLA-4 homodimerization, or CTLA-4 intracellular vesicle trafficking upon cell activation. Abnormal CTLA-4 trafficking is also observed in patients with LRBA deficiency, a syndrome caused by biallelic mutations in LRBA that abolishes the LRBA protein expression. Both immune checkpoint deficiencies are biologically characterized by low levels of CTLA-4 protein on the cell surface of Tregs, accounting for the autoimmune manifestations observed in CTLA4-insufficient and LRBA-deficient patients. In addition, both immune checkpoint deficiencies present with an overlapping but heterogeneous clinical picture despite the difference in inheritance and penetrance. In this review, we describe the most prominent clinical features of ALPS, CTLA-4 insufficiency and LRBA deficiency, emphasizing their corresponding biological mechanisms. We also provide some clinical and laboratory approaches to diagnose these three rare immune disorders, together with therapeutic strategies that have worked best at improving prognosis and quality life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gámez-Díaz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany; DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany; RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany.
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12
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Totsune E, Nakano T, Moriya K, Sato D, Suzuki D, Miura A, Katayama S, Niizuma H, Kanno J, van Zelm MC, Imai K, Kanegane H, Sasahara Y, Kure S. Case Report: Infantile-Onset Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Caused by Novel Compound Heterozygous LRBA Variants. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677572. [PMID: 33912197 PMCID: PMC8072023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is a subtype of common variable immune deficiency (CVID). Numerous case reports and cohort studies have described a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and variable disease phenotypes, including immune dysregulation, enteropathy, and recurrent infections. Although LRBA deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency resulting in a phenotype similar to CVID, it is a monogenic disease and separate from CVID. Recently, in a report of monogenic primary immunodeficiency disorder associated with CVID and autoimmunity, the most common mutated gene was LRBA. We report the case of a girl who presented with fulminant type 1 diabetes at age 7 months. She later experienced recurrent bacterial infections with neutropenia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Clinical genome sequencing revealed compound heterozygosity of the LRBA gene, which bore two novel mutations. A genetic basis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for very young patients with fulminant autoimmunity, and the diagnostic work-up should include evaluation of markers of immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Totsune
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Moriya
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daichi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dai Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akinobu Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Saori Katayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Niizuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junko Kanno
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Jeffrey Modell Diagnostic and Research Centre for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Nandi D, Pathak S, Verma T, Singh M, Chattopadhyay A, Thakur S, Raghavan A, Gokhroo A, Vijayamahantesh. T cell costimulation, checkpoint inhibitors and anti-tumor therapy. J Biosci 2021. [PMID: 32345776 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-0020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of the adaptive immune response are specificity and memory. The cellular response is mediated by T cells which express cell surface T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize peptide antigens in complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, binding of cognate TCRs with MHC-peptide complexes alone (signal 1) does not trigger optimal T cell activation. In addition to signal 1, the binding of positive and negative costimulatory receptors to their ligands modulates T cell activation. This complex signaling network prevents aberrant activation of T cells. CD28 is the main positive costimulatory receptor on naı¨ve T cells; upon activation, CTLA4 is induced but reduces T cell activation. Further studies led to the identification of additional negative costimulatory receptors known as checkpoints, e.g. PD1. This review chronicles the basic studies in T cell costimulation that led to the discovery of checkpoint inhibitors, i.e. antibodies to negative costimulatory receptors (e.g. CTLA4 and PD1) which reduce tumor growth. This discovery has been recognized with the award of the 2018 Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine. This review highlights the structural and functional roles of costimulatory receptors, the mechanisms by which checkpoint inhibitors work, the challenges encountered and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, India
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14
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Vardi I, Chermesh I, Werner L, Barel O, Freund T, McCourt C, Fisher Y, Pinsker M, Javasky E, Weiss B, Rechavi G, Hagin D, Snapper SB, Somech R, Konnikova L, Shouval DS. Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease: It's Never Too Late to Make a Diagnosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1775. [PMID: 33013830 PMCID: PMC7509434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More than 50 different monogenic disorders have been identified as directly causing inflammatory bowel diseases, typically manifesting in the first years of life. We present the clinical course and immunological work-up of an adult patient who presented in adolescent years with an atypical gastrointestinal phenotype and was diagnosed more than two decades later with a monogenic disorder with important therapeutic implications. Methods: Whole exome sequencing was performed in a 37-years-old patient with a history of diarrhea since adolescence. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the suspected variant. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) and flow cytometry were conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells for deep immunophenotyping. Next-generation sequencing of the TCRB and IgH was performed for global immune repertoire analysis of circulating lymphocytes. Results: We identified a novel deleterious c.1455C>A (p.Y485X) mutation in LRBA. CyTOF studies demonstrated significant changes in immune landscape in the LRBA-deficient patient, including an increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells and double-negative T cells, decreased B cells, low ratio of naïve:memory T cells, and reduced capacity of T cells to secrete various cytokines following stimulation, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). In addition, this patient exhibited low frequency of regulatory T cells, with a reduction in their CTLA4 expression and interleukin (IL)-10 secretion. Finally, we show marked oligoclonal expansion of specific B- and T-cell clones in the peripheral blood of the LRBA-deficient patient. Conclusions: LRBA deficiency is characterized by marked immunological changes in innate and adaptive immune cells. This case highlights the importance of advanced genetic studies in patients with a unique phenotype, regardless of their age at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iddo Vardi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Irit Chermesh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated With Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Freund
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Collin McCourt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yael Fisher
- Institute of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Affiliated With Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marina Pinsker
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Elisheva Javasky
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Batia Weiss
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Rechavi
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sheba Medical Center, Wohl Institute of Translational Medicine, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - David Hagin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Raz Somech
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Pediatric Department Ward A, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Jeffrey Modell Foundation Center, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Conformational diversity facilitates antibody mutation trajectories and discrimination between foreign and self-antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22341-22350. [PMID: 32855302 PMCID: PMC7486785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005102117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Conformational diversity and self-cross-reactivity of antigens have been correlated with evasion from neutralizing antibody responses. We utilized single cell B cell sequencing, biolayer interferometry and X-ray crystallography to trace mutation selection pathways where the antibody response must resolve cross-reactivity between foreign and self-proteins bearing near-identical contact surfaces, but differing in conformational flexibility. Recurring antibody mutation trajectories mediate long-range rearrangements of framework (FW) and complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that increase binding site conformational diversity. These antibody mutations decrease affinity for self-antigen 19-fold and increase foreign affinity 67-fold, to yield a more than 1,250-fold increase in binding discrimination. These results demonstrate how conformational diversity in antigen and antibody does not act as a barrier, as previously suggested, but rather facilitates high affinity and high discrimination between foreign and self.
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16
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Moreno-Corona NC, Lopez-Ortega O, Flores Hermenegildo JM, Berron-Ruiz L, Rodriguez-Alba JC, Santos-Argumedo L, Lopez-Herrera G. Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor acts as a cAMP-dependent protein kinase anchoring protein in B cells. Scand J Immunol 2020; 92:e12922. [PMID: 32592188 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) protein was initially described as a monogenetic cause for common variable immune deficiency, a syndrome characterized by low levels of B cells, defects in memory B cell differentiation and hypogammaglobulinaemia. LRBA was identified as an LPS up-regulated gene in B cells, macrophages and T cells. LRBA weighs 320 kDa and has 2863 amino acids. Its sequence contains multiple domains, suggesting that LRBA can act as a scaffolding protein. It contains two putative binding sites for cAMP-dependent kinase (PKA) regulatory subunits, suggesting this protein can act as A-kinase anchor protein (AKAP); however, physical interactions involving LRBA and PKA have not been demonstrated to date, and functional roles for such interactions are unexplored. In this work, we investigated physical interactions involving LRBA with regulatory subunits of PKA in human B cell lines and primary human B cells. PKA is a holoenzyme composed of two regulatory subunits, which can be RIα, RIβ, RIIα or RIIβ, and two catalytic subunits, Cα or Cβ. We co-immunoprecipitated LRBA using Ramos B cell lymphoma cells and observed that LRBA interacts with RIIβ. Interestingly, St-Ht31, an inhibitory peptide that disrupts AKAP interactions with regulatory subunits, reduced the amount of interacting protein. Furthermore, in primary human B cells, LRBA was induced after CD40L and IL-4 stimulation, and under such activation, we found that LRBA interacts with RIIα and RIIβ, suggesting that LRBA acts as an AKAP and binds RII subunits. Interestingly, we also identified that LRBA interacts with activation-induced cytidine deaminase in primary B cells, suggesting that it is involved in B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidia Carolina Moreno-Corona
- Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigacion en Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Orestes Lopez-Ortega
- Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Mizael Flores Hermenegildo
- Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigacion en Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Berron-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigacion en Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Alba
- Unidad de Citometria de Flujo, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Lopez-Herrera
- Unidad de Investigacion en Inmunodeficiencias, Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Mexico City, Mexico
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17
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Meshaal S, El Hawary R, Adel R, Abd Elaziz D, Erfan A, Lotfy S, Hafez M, Hassan M, Johnson M, Rojas-Restrepo J, Gamez-Diaz L, Grimbacher B, Shoman W, Abdelmeguid Y, Boutros J, Galal N, El-Guindy N, Elmarsafy A. Clinical Phenotypes and Immunological Characteristics of 18 Egyptian LRBA Deficiency Patients. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:820-832. [PMID: 32506362 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder, OMIM (#614700). LRBA deficiency patients suffer from variable manifestations including recurrent infections, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, cytopenias, and enteropathy. This study describes different clinical phenotypes and immunological characteristics of 18 LRBA deficiency patients diagnosed from Egypt. T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, LRBA, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) expression were evaluated in resting and stimulated T cells using flow cytometry. Next-generation sequencing was used to identify mutations in the LRBA gene. LRBA deficiency patients had significantly lower B cells and increased percentage of memory T cells. CTLA4 levels were lower in LRBA-deficient T regulatory cells in comparison to healthy donors at resting conditions and significantly increased upon stimulation of T cells. We identified 11 novel mutations in LRBA gene ranging from large deletions to point mutations. Finally, we were able to differentiate LRBA-deficient patients from healthy control and common variable immunodeficiency patients using a simple flow cytometry test performed on whole blood and without need to prior stimulation. LRBA deficiency has heterogeneous phenotypes with poor phenotype-genotype correlation since the same mutation may manifest differently even within the same family. Low LRBA expression, low numbers of B cells, increased numbers of memory T cells, and defective CTLA4 expression (which increase to normal level upon T cell stimulation) are useful laboratory tests to establish the diagnosis of LRBA deficiency. Screening of the siblings of affected patients is very important as patients may be asymptomatic at the beginning of the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Meshaal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Rabab El Hawary
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11562, Egypt
| | - Rana Adel
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11562, Egypt
| | - Dalia Abd Elaziz
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aya Erfan
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sohilla Lotfy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Hafez
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Hassan
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Matthew Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jessica Rojas-Restrepo
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CC), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura Gamez-Diaz
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CC), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CC), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwig-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,DZIF - German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany.,CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,RESIST - Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hanover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Walaa Shoman
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Abdelmeguid
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jeannette Boutros
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Galal
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nancy El-Guindy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 11562, Egypt
| | - Aisha Elmarsafy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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18
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Phan TG, Gray PE, Wong M, Macintosh R, Burnett L, Tangye SG. The Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA): a Distributed Network Model for Genomic Healthcare Delivery. J Clin Immunol 2020; 40:763-766. [PMID: 32483663 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Clinical Immunogenomics Research Consortium Australasia (CIRCA) crowdsources expertise in medicine, genomics, data science, and fundamental biology to diagnose and treat patients with rare inborn errors of immunity. This distributed network model operates free of geographic borders and allows rapid progression through the full research/translation/clinical management pipeline, from initial gene variant discovery, through functional validation, and on to precision mechanism-based treatment of patients throughout Australia and New Zealand. The model is scalable and applicable to other rare diseases where clinical experience and scientific know-how are limited, and enables efficient delivery of genomics for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri Giang Phan
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia. .,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Paul E Gray
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Wong
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Macintosh
- School of Women's and Children Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Clinical Genetics, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leslie Burnett
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Human DEF6 deficiency underlies an immunodeficiency syndrome with systemic autoimmunity and aberrant CTLA-4 homeostasis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3106. [PMID: 31308374 PMCID: PMC6629652 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses need to be controlled tightly to prevent autoimmune diseases, yet underlying molecular mechanisms remain partially understood. Here, we identify biallelic mutations in three patients from two unrelated families in differentially expressed in FDCP6 homolog (DEF6) as the molecular cause of an inborn error of immunity with systemic autoimmunity. Patient T cells exhibit impaired regulation of CTLA-4 surface trafficking associated with reduced functional CTLA-4 availability, which is replicated in DEF6-knockout Jurkat cells. Mechanistically, we identify the small GTPase RAB11 as an interactor of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor DEF6, and find disrupted binding of mutant DEF6 to RAB11 as well as reduced RAB11+CTLA-4+ vesicles in DEF6-mutated cells. One of the patients has been treated with CTLA-4-Ig and achieved sustained remission. Collectively, we uncover DEF6 as player in immune homeostasis ensuring availability of the checkpoint protein CTLA-4 at T-cell surface, identifying a potential target for autoimmune and/or cancer therapy. CTLA-4 is critical for balancing protective immunity with self-tolerance. Here the authors identify homozygous DEF6 mutations in patients with severe autoimmunity, one of which received and responds to CTLA-4-Ig, and show that DEF6 is crucial for CTLA-4 cell surface trafficking and immune regulatory function.
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20
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Garcia-Perez JE, Baxter RM, Kong DS, Tobin R, McCarter M, Routes JM, Verbsky J, Jordan MB, Dutmer CM, Hsieh EWY. CTLA4 Message Reflects Pathway Disruption in Monogenic Disorders and Under Therapeutic Blockade. Front Immunol 2019; 10:998. [PMID: 31156616 PMCID: PMC6532297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CTLA-4 is essential for immune tolerance. Heterozygous CTLA4 mutations cause immune dysregulation evident in defective regulatory T cells with low levels of CTLA-4 expression. Biallelic mutations in LRBA also result in immune dysregulation with low levels of CTLA-4 and clinical presentation indistinguishable from CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency. CTLA-4 has become an immunotherapy target whereby its blockade with a monoclonal antibody has resulted in improved survival in advanced melanoma patients, amongst other malignancies. However, this therapeutic manipulation can result in autoimmune/inflammatory complications reminiscent of those seen in genetic defects affecting the CTLA-4 pathway. Despite efforts made to understand and establish disease genotype/phenotype correlations in CTLA-4-haploinsufficiency and LRBA-deficiency, such relationships remain elusive. There is currently no specific immunological marker to assess the degree of CTLA-4 pathway disruption or its relationship with clinical manifestations. Here we compare three different patient groups with disturbances in the CTLA-4 pathway—CTLA-4-haploinsufficiency, LRBA-deficiency, and ipilimumab-treated melanoma patients. Assessment of CTLA4 mRNA expression in these patient groups demonstrated an inverse correlation between the CTLA4 message and degree of CTLA-4 pathway disruption. CTLA4 mRNA levels from melanoma patients under therapeutic CTLA-4 blockade (ipilimumab) were increased compared to patients with either CTLA4 or LRBA mutations that were clinically stable with abatacept treatment. In summary, we show that increased CTLA4 mRNA levels correlate with the degree of CTLA-4 pathway disruption, suggesting that CTLA4 mRNA levels may be a quantifiable surrogate for altered CTLA-4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselyn E Garcia-Perez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ryan M Baxter
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel S Kong
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard Tobin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Martin McCarter
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John M Routes
- Division of Asthma, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - James Verbsky
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael B Jordan
- Divisions of Immunobiology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Cullen M Dutmer
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Elena W Y Hsieh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
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21
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The classification, genetic diagnosis and modelling of monogenic autoinflammatory disorders. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1901-1924. [PMID: 30185613 PMCID: PMC6123071 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monogenic autoinflammatory disorders are an increasingly heterogeneous group of conditions characterised by innate immune dysregulation. Improved genetic sequencing in recent years has led not only to the discovery of a plethora of conditions considered to be 'autoinflammatory', but also the broadening of the clinical and immunological phenotypic spectra seen in these disorders. This review outlines the classification strategies that have been employed for monogenic autoinflammatory disorders to date, including the primary innate immune pathway or the dominant cytokine implicated in disease pathogenesis, and highlights some of the advantages of these models. Furthermore, the use of the term 'autoinflammatory' is discussed in relation to disorders that cross the innate and adaptive immune divide. The utilisation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in this population is examined, as are potential in vivo and in vitro methods of modelling to determine pathogenicity of novel genetic findings. Finally, areas where our understanding can be improved are highlighted, such as phenotypic variability and genotype-phenotype correlations, with the aim of identifying areas of future research.
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22
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Azizi G, Yazdani R, Rae W, Abolhassani H, Rojas M, Aghamohammadi A, Anaya JM. Monogenic polyautoimmunity in primary immunodeficiency diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:1028-1039. [PMID: 30107266 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) consist of a large group of genetic disorders that affect distinct components of the immune system. PID patients are susceptible to infection and non-infectious complications, particularly autoimmunity. A specific group of monogenic PIDs are due to mutations in genes that are critical for the regulation of immunological tolerance and immune responses. This group of monogenic PIDs is at high risk of developing polyautoimmunity (i.e., the presence of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient) because of their impaired immunity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of autoimmunity in PIDs and the characteristics of polyautoimmunity in the following PIDs: IPEX; monogenic IPEX-like syndrome; LRBA deficiency; CTLA4 deficiency; APECED; ALPS; and PKCδ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Network (PIDNet), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Wiliam Rae
- Department of Immunology, MP8, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Rojas
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Juan-Manuel Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogota, Colombia.
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23
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Respiratory manifestations in LPS-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) protein-deficient patients. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177:1163-1172. [PMID: 29777306 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-018-3171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) protein deficiency is a rare syndrome of primary immune deficiency and immune dysregulation. In this study, we sought to summarize our experience with respiratory manifestations in LRBA-deficient patients. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of LRBA-deficient patients treated at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. Data retrieved included pulmonary workup, disease course, treatment, and outcome. Ten patients were included. Mean age at presentation of LRBA deficiency-related symptoms was 4.65 years (range 3 months-14 years). Respiratory symptoms were noted in six patients and consisted of chronic cough. Computed tomography revealed consolidation in five patients, atelectasis and bronchiectasis in two patients each, and diffuse interstitial lung disease in two additional patients. Respiratory tract cultures yielded a bacterial pathogen in five patients. Seven patients required active therapy: intravenous immunoglobulins (six patients), immunosuppressive drugs (five patients), and one was successfully treated with abatacept. Two patients underwent successful bone marrow transplantation. Mean follow-up period was 4.5 (range 0.4-14.4) years. On their latest examination, seven patients had no respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION Pulmonary manifestations are common in LRBA deficiency. Respiratory characteristics in LRBA-deficient patients should be investigated, monitored, and treated from the time of diagnosis. What is Known: • Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor (LRBA) deficiency is a syndrome of primary immune deficiency and immune dysregulation. • Studies concerning the pulmonary characteristics of LRBA-deficient patients are lacking. What is New: • Respiratory manifestations include infections, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung disease, thoracic lymphadenopathy, and clubbing. • Awareness to pulmonary morbidity in LRBA-deficient patients and involvement of a pulmonologist in the workup and clinical decision-making is important. • Respiratory characteristics in LRBA-deficient patients should be investigated, monitored, and treated from a young age.
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La Flamme AC. Immunology & Cell Biology Publication of the Year Awards 2017. Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:679-680. [PMID: 29992615 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne C La Flamme
- Victoria University of Wellington, School of Biological Sciences, Wellington, New Zealand
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25
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Freitas CMT, Johnson DK, Weber KS. T Cell Calcium Signaling Regulation by the Co-Receptor CD5. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1295. [PMID: 29701673 PMCID: PMC5983667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx is critical for T cell effector function and fate. T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. Co-receptors stabilize interactions between the TCR and its ligand, the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC), and enhance Ca2+ signaling and T cell activation. Conversely, some co-receptors can dampen Ca2+ signaling and inhibit T cell activation. Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), to increase T cell Ca2+ signaling and promote T cell survival. Similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, the co-receptor CD5 has been known to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and to alter Ca2+ signaling and T cell function. Though much is known about the role of CD5 in B cells, recent research has expanded our understanding of CD5 function in T cells. Here we review these recent findings and discuss how our improved understanding of CD5 Ca2+ signaling regulation could be useful for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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26
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Lo B, Abdel-Motal UM. Lessons from CTLA-4 deficiency and checkpoint inhibition. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 49:14-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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