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Ortega-Hernández E, Camero-Maldonado AV, Acevedo-Pacheco L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA, Antunes-Ricardo M. Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Effects of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Kale Sprouts after In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112149. [PMID: 37297394 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The health-related compounds present in kale are vulnerable to the digestive process or storage conditions. Encapsulation has become an alternative for their protection and takes advantage of their biological activity. In this study, 7-day-old Red Russian kale sprouts grown in the presence of selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) were spray-dried with maltodextrin to assess their capacity to protect kale sprout phytochemicals from degradation during the digestion process. Analyses were conducted on the encapsulation efficiency, particle morphology, and storage stability. Mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) and human intestinal cells (Caco-2) were used to assess the effect of the intestinal-digested fraction of the encapsulated kale sprout extracts on the cellular antioxidant capacity, the production of nitric oxide (NOx), and the concentrations of different cytokines as indicators of the immunological response. The highest encapsulation efficiency was observed in capsules with a 50:50 proportion of the hydroalcoholic extract of kale and maltodextrin. Gastrointestinal digestion affected compounds' content in encapsulated and non-encapsulated kale sprouts. Spray-dried encapsulation reduced the phytochemicals' degradation during storage, and the kale sprouts germinated with S and Se showed less degradation of lutein (35.6%, 28.2%), glucosinolates (15.4%, 18.9%), and phenolic compounds (20.3%, 25.7%), compared to non-encapsulated ones, respectively. S-encapsulates exerted the highest cellular antioxidant activity (94.2%) and immunomodulatory activity by stimulating IL-10 production (88.9%) and COX-2 (84.1%) and NOx (92.2%) inhibition. Thus, encapsulation is an effective method to improve kale sprout phytochemicals' stability and bioactivity during storage and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Ana Victoria Camero-Maldonado
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. Ignacio Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Mexico
| | - Laura Acevedo-Pacheco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. General Ramón Corona 2514, Zapopan 45201, Mexico
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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Amarakoon D, Lee WJ, Tamia G, Lee SH. Indole-3-Carbinol: Occurrence, Health-Beneficial Properties, and Cellular/Molecular Mechanisms. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2023; 14:347-366. [PMID: 36972159 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-060721-025531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a bioactive phytochemical abundant in cruciferous vegetables. One of its main in vivo metabolites is 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), formed by the condensation of two molecules of I3C. Both I3C and DIM alter multiple signaling pathways and related molecules controlling diverse cellular events, including oxidation, inflammation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunity. There is a growing body of evidence from both in vitro and in vivo models that these compounds possess strong potential to prevent several forms of chronic disease such as inflammation, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, and osteoporosis. This article reviews current knowledge of the occurrence of I3C in nature and foods, along with the beneficial effects of I3C and DIM concerning prevention and treatment of human chronic diseases, focusing on preclinical studies and their mechanisms of action at cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshika Amarakoon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Wu-Joo Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Gillian Tamia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
| | - Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA;
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High fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia and tissue steatosis in rabbits through modulating ileal microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:7187-7207. [PMID: 36173452 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) and overnutrition are important starting factors that may alter intestinal microbiota, lipid metabolism, and systemic inflammation. However, there were few studies on how intestinal microbiota contributes to tissue steatosis and hyperlipidemia. Here, we investigated the effect of lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation via toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways at the intestinal level in response to HFD. Twenty 80-day-old male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into the normal diet group (NDG) and the high-fat diet group (HDG) for 80 days. Growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, inflammation, degree of tissue steatosis, and intestinal microbial composition were measured. HFD increased the relative abundance of Christensenellaceae_R_7_group, Marvinbryantia, Akkermansia etc., with a reduced relative abundance of Enterorhabdus and Lactobacillus. Moreover, HFD caused steatosis in the liver and abdominal fat and abnormal expression of some genes related to lipid metabolism and tight junction proteins. The TLR-2, TLR-4, NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6 were confirmed by overexpression with downregulation of IL-10. Serum biochemical indices (TG, TCHO, LDL-C, and HDL-C) were also increased, indicating evidence for the development of the hyperlipidemia model. Correlation analysis showed that this microbial dysbiosis was correlated with lipid metabolism and inflammation, which were associated with the intestinal tract's barrier function and hyperlipidemia. These results provide an insight into the relationship between HFD, the intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier, tissue inflammation, lipid metabolism, and hyperlipidemia. KEY POINTS: • High-fat diet leads to ileal microbiota disorders • Ileal microbiota mediates local and systemic lipid metabolism disorders and inflammation • There is a specific link between ileal microbiota, histopathology, and hyperlipidemia.
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Bacil GP, Cogliati B, Cardoso DR, Barbisan LF, Romualdo GR. Are isothiocyanates and polyphenols from Brassicaceae vegetables emerging as preventive/therapeutic strategies for NAFLD? The landscape of recent preclinical findings. Food Funct 2022; 13:8348-8362. [PMID: 35899794 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a lipid impairment-related chronic metabolic disease that affects almost 25% of the worldwide population and has become the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United States of America (USA). NAFLD may progress from simple hepatic steatosis (HS) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which occurs simultaneously in an inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironment and affects approximately 5% of the global population. Recently, NASH has been suggested to be a relevant driver in progressive liver cirrhosis and a population-attributable factor in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Moreover, predictions show that NAFLD-related annual health costs in the USA have reached ∼$100 bi., but effective therapies are still scarce. Thus, new preventative strategies for this hepatic disease urgently need to be developed. The Brassicaceae vegetable family includes almost 350 genera and 3500 species and these are one of the main types of vegetables harvested and produced worldwide. These vegetables are well-known sources of glucobrassicin-derivative molecules, such as isothiocyanates and phenolic compounds, which have shown antioxidant and antilipogenic effects in preclinical NAFLD data. In this review, we gathered prominent evidence of the in vivo and in vitro effects of these vegetable-derived nutraceutical compounds on the gut-liver-adipose axis, which is a well-known regulator of NAFLD and may represent a new strategy for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel P Bacil
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- University of São Paulo (USP), School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Cardoso
- University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (IQSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Barbisan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme R Romualdo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, Department of Pathology, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. .,São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Structural and Functional Biology, SP, Brazil
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Tüfek NH, Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Protective effect of indole-3-carbinol on testis of a high fat diet induced obesity. Biotech Histochem 2022; 98:1-12. [PMID: 35703014 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of obesity caused by a high fat diet (HFD) on rat testes and evaluated the possible protective effects of indole-3-carbinol (IND). We used 24 8-10-week-old 200 g male rats randomly assigned to 4 groups: non-obese control (NC), obese control (OC), non-obese IND group (NI), obese + IND group (OI). Testis samples were examined using stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and histological methods. The number of spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, mean volume of testes and seminiferous tubules was significantly decreased in the OC group compared to the NC group, but these values were increased significantly in the OI group compared to the OC group. We found a significant increase in catalase and myeloperoxidase activities in the OC group compared to the NC group. In the OI group, catalase and myeloperoxidase levels were decreased compared to the OC group. TUNEL-positive cells also were increased in the OC group compared to the NC group (p < 0.05), but these were fewer in the OI group than the OC group. We found marked morphological changes in testicular tissues between the NC and OC groups, as well as between the OI and OC groups. We found that HFD induced obesity was detrimental to rat testes and that administration of IND ameliorated testicular changes caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hande Tüfek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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Gopal SS, Kasiappan R, Vallikannan B, Ponesakki G. Effective inhibition of adipogenesis-mediated inflammation by a macular carotenoid, lutein in vitro. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14211. [PMID: 35488719 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An absolute interlinks between inflammation and obesity with scarce investigations on the role of lutein in inflammation-induced obesity motivated us to explore the protective mechanism of lutein on adipogenesis-mediated inflammation in vitro by culturing RAW264.7 macrophages in adipocyte conditioned medium. The RAW264 macrophage cells were cultured with adipocyte-conditioned media, and the potency of lutein on the expression of adipocyte inflammation-associated protein markers (IL-1β, MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IKKα/β) were analyzed by western blotting. The data revealed that lutein effectively reduces the protein levels of major inflammatory markers such as NF-κB, IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α in differentiated adipocytes. Interestingly, lutein hampered inflammation in the RAW264 cells that were cultured in adipocyte-conditioned media by lowering the protein expression of IL-1β, MCP-1, and TNF-α. The blockage of inflammation by lutein in both differentiated adipocytes, and adipogenesis-induced macrophages is associated with suppression of IKK α/β phosphorylation. These data suggest that lutein potentially alters adipocyte differentiation-mediated inflammation by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, lutein could be utilized as a potent nutraceutical agent in the management of obesity and associated inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Lutein isolated from a dietary source exhibited an inhibitory effect in adipogenesis-induced inflammations. The findings of this study authenticate the diversified prospective of lutein in regulating obesity and other inflammation-related diseases. Thus, it is understood that continuous intake of lutein-rich food or dietary intervention of lutein may reduce the risk of developing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sowmya Shree Gopal
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Baskaran Vallikannan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India
| | - Ganesan Ponesakki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), Chennai, India
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Kamal RM, Abdull Razis AF, Mohd Sukri NS, Perimal EK, Ahmad H, Patrick R, Djedaini-Pilard F, Mazzon E, Rigaud S. Beneficial Health Effects of Glucosinolates-Derived Isothiocyanates on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030624. [PMID: 35163897 PMCID: PMC8838317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are illnesses that affect the nervous system and heart, all of which are vital to the human body. To maintain health of the human body, vegetable diets serve as a preventive approach and particularly Brassica vegetables have been associated with lower risks of chronic diseases, especially NDDs and CVDs. Interestingly, glucosinolates (GLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) are phytochemicals that are mostly found in the Cruciferae family and they have been largely documented as antioxidants contributing to both cardio- and neuroprotective effects. The hydrolytic breakdown of GLs into ITCs such as sulforaphane (SFN), phenylethyl ITC (PEITC), moringin (MG), erucin (ER), and allyl ITC (AITC) has been recognized to exert significant effects with regards to cardio- and neuroprotection. From past in vivo and/or in vitro studies, those phytochemicals have displayed the ability to mitigate the adverse effects of reactive oxidation species (ROS), inflammation, and apoptosis, which are the primary causes of CVDs and NDDs. This review focuses on the protective effects of those GL-derived ITCs, featuring their beneficial effects and the mechanisms behind those effects in CVDs and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Muhammad Kamal
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720101, Jigawa State, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Nurul Syafuhah Mohd Sukri
- Faculty of Applied Science and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Enoch Kumar Perimal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Hafandi Ahmad
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Rollin Patrick
- Université d’Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 02, F-45067 Orléans, France;
| | - Florence Djedaini-Pilard
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Laboratorio di Neurologia Sperimentale, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo", 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sébastien Rigaud
- LG2A UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu—UFR des Sciences, F-80000 Amiens, France; (F.D.-P.); (S.R.)
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Ortega-Hernández E, Antunes-Ricardo M, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. Improving the Health-Benefits of Kales ( Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) through the Application of Controlled Abiotic Stresses: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2629. [PMID: 34961097 PMCID: PMC8706317 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC) is a popular cruciferous vegetable originating from Central Asia, and is well known for its abundant bioactive compounds. This review discusses the main kale phytochemicals and emphasizes molecules of nutraceutical interest, including phenolics, carotenoids, and glucosinolates. The preventive and therapeutic properties of kale against chronic and degenerative diseases are highlighted according to the most recent in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported. Likewise, it is well known that the application of controlled abiotic stresses can be used as an effective tool to increase the content of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties. In this context, the effect of different abiotic stresses (saline, exogenous phytohormones, drought, temperature, and radiation) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites in kale is also presented. The information reviewed in this article can be used as a starting point to further validate through bioassays the effects of abiotically stressed kale on the prevention and treatment of chronic and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ortega-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Nuevo León C.P. 64849, Mexico;
| | - Daniel A. Jacobo-Velázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan, Jalisco C.P. 45138, Mexico
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Akkiraju S, Kanala SR, Khatri S, Kutagulla VK, Mallela V, Peraman R. Cardioprotective potential of indol-3-carbinol against high salt induced myocardial stress and hypertrophy in Sprague dawley rats besides molecular docking on muscarinic receptor-2. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2610-2614. [PMID: 33858276 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1912042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vegetative chemical constituent, indol-3-carbinol (I-3-C) studied for its cardioprotective potential in male Sprague dawley rats. The I-3-C at 20 mg/Kg b.w, p.o significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the high salt induced hypertrophy and produced antihypertensive effect (p < 0.001) as similar to losartan. Further, it significantly reduced the levels of C-reactive protein (p < 0.05), creatinine kinases isoenzyme (p < 0.01), serum lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.05), myeloperoxidase (p < 0.01) and hydroxyproline (p < 0.01), subsequently increased the nitric oxide level (p < 0.05). The carotid ligation for vascular reactivity against vasopressors revealed a lesser magnitude of change (p < 0.05) in invasive blood pressure for I-3-C, compared to high salt treated animals (p < 0.001). In histology of heart tissue also supported the cardioprotective effect of I-3-C. In silico molecular docking of I-3-C on muscarinic receptor-2 showed the amino acid interaction as similar to acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer Akkiraju
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Somasekhar Reddy Kanala
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sardip Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Kutagulla
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayajyothi Mallela
- Department of Pharmacology, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) - Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- RERDS-Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) Campus, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Wang Y, Xia F, Wan H, Chen C, Chen Y, Zhang W, Wang N, Lu Y. Metabolites in the association between early-life famine exposure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood over a 5-year follow-up period. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001935. [PMID: 33888542 PMCID: PMC8070877 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to malnutrition in early life has been found to significantly elevate type 2 diabetes risk in adulthood. However, the changes in metabolites resulting from malnutrition in early life have not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify metabolites with levels associated with type 2 diabetes resulting from exposure to China's Great Famine (1959-1962). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were from SPECT-China 2014 and SPECT-China2 2019, two cross-sectional studies performed at the same site. In total, 2171 subjects participated in SPECT-China and SPECT-China2 simultaneously. The sample size of fetal-exposed (1959-1962) versus non-exposed (1963-1974) individuals was 82 vs 79 in 2014 and 97 vs 94 in 2019. Metabolomic profiling was performed between famine-exposed and non-exposed groups. RESULTS Among the different famine exposure groups, the fetal-exposed group (1959-1962) had the greatest incidence rate (12.5%), with an OR of 2.11 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.44), compared with the non-exposed group (1963-1974). Moreover, compared with those in the non-exposed group (1963-1974), four metabolites (indole-3-carbinol (I3C), phosphatidylcholine (PC) (22:6(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)/16:1(9Z)), pyrimidine, and PC(16:1(9Z)/22:5(4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z))) showed significantly lower relative intensities in the famine and diabetes groups both in 2014 and 2019. Pyrimidine significantly mediated the association of famine exposure with diabetes, and I3C marginally mediated this association. CONCLUSIONS Famine exposure in the fetal period could increase type 2 diabetes risk in adults, even those in their 60s. I3C and pyrimidine are potential mediators of the effects of famine exposure on diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Esteve M. Mechanisms Underlying Biological Effects of Cruciferous Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates/Indoles: A Focus on Metabolic Syndrome. Front Nutr 2020; 7:111. [PMID: 32984393 PMCID: PMC7492599 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An inverse correlation between vegetable consumption and the incidence of cancer has long been described. This protective effect is stronger when cruciferous vegetables are specifically consumed. The beneficial properties of vegetables are attributed to their bioactive components like fiber, antioxidants vitamins, antioxidants, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Cruciferous vegetables contain all these molecules; however, what makes them different are their sulfurous components, called glucosinolates, responsible for their special smell and taste. Glucosinolates are inactive biologically in the organism but are hydrolyzed by the enzyme myrosinase released as a result of chewing, leading to the formation of active derivatives such as isothiocyanates and indoles. A considerable number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that isothiocyanates and indoles elicit chemopreventive potency through multiple mechanisms that include modulation of phases I and II detoxification pathway enzymes, regulation of cell cycle arrest, and control of cell growth, induction of apoptosis, antioxidant activity, anti-angiogenic effects, and epigenetic regulation. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) are key and central regulators in all these processes with a main role in oxidative stress and inflammation control. It has been described that isothiocyanates and indoles regulate their activity directly and indirectly. Today, the metabolic syndrome (central obesity, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension) is responsible for a majority of deaths worldwide. All components of metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic inflammation with deregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/EKR/JNK, Nrf2, and NF-κB signaling pathways. The effects of GLSs derivatives controlling these pathways have been widely described in relation to cancer. Changes in food consumption patterns observed in the last decades to higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, with elevation in simple sugar and saturated fat contents and lower consumption of vegetables and fruits have been directly correlated with metabolic syndrome prevalence. In this review, it is summarized the knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which cruciferous glucosinolate derivatives (isothiocyanates and indoles) directly and indirectly regulate these pathways. However, the review places a special focus on the knowledge of the effects of glucosinolates derivatives in metabolic syndrome, since this has not been reviewed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Esteve
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Induction of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mediated gene expression and inhibition of induced nitric oxide production by Maerua subcordata (Gilg) DeWolf. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:80. [PMID: 32164648 PMCID: PMC7076844 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of botanicals is linked to their phytochemicals that often exert pleiotropic effects via targeting multiple molecular signaling pathways such as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and the nuclear factor kappaB (NFκB). The PPARs are transcription factors that control metabolic homeostasis and inflammation while the NF-κB is a master regulator of inflammatory genes such as the inducible nitric-oxide synthase that result in nitric oxide (NO) overproduction. METHODS Extracts of Maerua subcordata (MS) and selected candidate constituents thereof, identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy, were tested for their ability to induce PPARγ mediated gene expression in U2OS-PPARγ cells using luciferase reporter gene assay and also for their ability to inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. While measuring the effect of test samples on PPARγ mediated gene expression, a counter assay that used U2OS-Cytotox cells was performed to monitor cytotoxicity or any non-specific changes in luciferase activity. RESULTS The results revealed that the fruit, root, and seed extracts were non-cytotoxic up to a concentration of 30 g dry weight per litre (gDW/L) and induced PPARγ mediated gene expression but the leaf extract showed some cytotoxicity and exhibited minimal induction. Instead, all extracts showed concentration (1-15 gDW/L) dependent inhibition of LPS induced NO production. The root extract showed weaker inhibition. Among the candidate constituents, agmatine, stachydrine, trigonelline, indole-3-carboxyaldehyde, plus ethyl-, isobutyl-, isopropyl, and methyl-isothiocyanates showed similar inhibition, and most showed increased inhibition with increasing concentration (1-100 μM) although to a lesser potency than the positive control, aminoguanidine. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated for the first time the induction of PPARγ mediated gene expression by MS fruit, root, and seed extracts and the inhibition of LPS induced NO production by MS fruit, leaf, root, and seed extracts and some candidate constituents thereof.
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Discovery of a promising agent IQZ23 for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 192:112172. [PMID: 32163815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel anti-obesity agents is a challenging and promising research area. Based on our previous works, we synthesized 40 novel β-indoloquinazoline analogues by altering the skeleton and introducing preferential side chains, evaluated their lipid-lowering activity and summarized the structure-activity relationships. In combination with an evaluation of the lipid-lowering efficacies, AMP-dependent activated protein kinase (AMPK) activating ability and liver microsomal stability, compound 23 (named as IQZ23) was selected for further studies. IQZ23 exerted a high efficacy in decreasing the triglyceride level (EC50 = 0.033 μM) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistic studies revealed the lipid-lowering activity of IQZ23 was dependent on the AMPK pathway by modulating ATP synthase activity. This activation was accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidation capacity increased, and insulin sensitivity enhanced in pertinent cell models by various interventions. Correspondingly, IQZ23 (20 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment significantly reversed high fat and cholesterol diet (HFC)- induced body weight increases and accompanying clinical symptoms of obesity in mice but without indicative toxicity. These results indicate that IQZ23 could be a useful candidate for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Hasan H, Ismail H, El-Orfali Y, Khawaja G. Therapeutic benefits of Indole-3-Carbinol in adjuvant-induced arthritis and its protective effect against methotrexate induced-hepatic toxicity. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:337. [PMID: 30567538 PMCID: PMC6299996 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) being an incapacitating disease requires early effective intervention. Considering Methotrexate (MTX)- the first line of treatment for RA- intoxicates the liver; therefore, alternative therapies with similar efficacy yet lower cytotoxicity are desired. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) which is found in cruciferous vegetables was examined for its possible therapeutic potentials in comparison with MTX by investigating its anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, anti-oxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rat model. METHODS Arthritis was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Arthritic rats were treated with I3C and/or MTX. To examine the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effect, the following parameters were assessed: body weight, macroscopic scoring of the hind paw, the level of the pivotal cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) heavily involved in the pathogenesis, spleen index, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. At a histological level, the tibiotarsal joint was stained with several specific stains. To assess the hepatoprotective and anti-oxidant effects, several oxidative stress parameters were monitored, and the liver histology was examined. RESULTS Both I3C and MTX attenuated the inflammation that was aggravated by arthritis by downregulating the inflammatory markers and mediators and alleviating the histopathological changes affecting the tibiotarsal joint. I3C attenuated the liver impairment that was initiated by arthritis and MTX treatment. It did so by downregulating the pro-oxidants and up-regulating the anti-oxidant defenses and by reducing the pathological changes affecting the liver. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that I3C is as potent as MTX as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent. In addition, I3C does so while protecting the liver from damage as opposed to MTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hasan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Hanan Ismail
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Lopez-Vazquez A, Garcia-Banuelos JJ, Gonzalez-Garibay AS, Urzua-Lozano PE, Del Toro-Arreola S, Bueno-Topete MR, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Munoz-Valle JF, Jave-Suarez LF, Armendariz-Borunda J, Bastidas-Ramirez BE. IRS-1 pY612 and Akt-1/PKB pT308 Phosphorylation and Antiinflammatory Effect of Diindolylmethane in Adipocytes Cocultured with Macrophages. Med Chem 2017; 13:727-733. [PMID: 28934926 PMCID: PMC5744426 DOI: 10.2174/1573406413666170922095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lopez-Vazquez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jesus J Garcia-Banuelos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 3er. piso, Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
| | - Angelica S Gonzalez-Garibay
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Pedro E Urzua-Lozano
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Miriam R Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jose F Munoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Blanca E Bastidas-Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 2do. piso., Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
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Vanamala JKP, Massey AR, Pinnamaneni SR, Reddivari L, Reardon KF. Grain and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) serves as a novel source of bioactive compounds for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:2867-2881. [PMID: 28662339 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1344186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Grain sorghum is an important staple food crop grown globally while sweet sorghum is increasingly considered as a promising biofuel feedstock. Biofuels are the major economic products from the processing of large quantities of biomass, which is currently being utilized to make value-added products in the biorefinery approach. To date, these value-added products are typically commodity chemicals and waste materials used in agriculture. However, there are opportunities to generate high-value bioactive compounds from sorghum grain and biomass. Chronic diseases, such as cancers, are the top causes for morbidity and mortality in developed nations and are promoted by inflammation and oxidative stress. Globally, colorectal cancer results in approximately one-half million deaths annually. It is estimated that as much as 80% of colorectal cancer cases can be attributed to environmental and dietary factors. The sorghum grain and ligno-cellulosic biomass generated for biofuel production has been reported to be high in bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the bioactive compounds of grain and sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-colon cancer, and immune modulator functions. The review summarizes previous efforts to identify and quantify bioactive compounds in sorghum and documents their anti-cancer biological activities. Finally, this review discusses bioactive compound extraction methodologies and technologies as well as considerations for incorporating these technologies into current biorefining practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairam K P Vanamala
- a Food Science , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Aaron R Massey
- b Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
| | | | - Lavanya Reddivari
- d Life Sciences , Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Kenneth F Reardon
- e Chemical and Biological Engineering , Colorado State University , Fort Collins , Colorado , USA
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The promising effect of linagliptin and/or indole-3-carbinol on experimentally-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:190-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Licznerska B, Baer-Dubowska W. Indole-3-Carbinol and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 928:131-154. [PMID: 27671815 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a common phytochemical in cruciferous vegetables, and its condensation product, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) exert several biological activities on cellular and molecular levels, which contribute to their well-recognized chemoprevention potential. Initially, these compounds were classified as blocking agents that increase drug-metabolizing enzyme activity. Now it is widely accepted that I3C and DIM affect multiple signaling pathways and target molecules controlling cell division, apoptosis, or angiogenesis deregulated in cancer cells. Although most of the current data support the role of I3C and DIM in prevention of hormone-dependent cancers, it seems that their application in prevention of the other cancer as well as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes reduction is also possible. This chapter summarizes the current experimental data on the I3C and DIM activity and the results of clinical studies indicating their role in prevention of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Licznerska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wanda Baer-Dubowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Anti-cancer and cardioprotective effects of indol-3-carbinol in doxorubicin-treated mice. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Attenuation of hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress by indole-3-carbinol and its metabolite 3, 3′- diindolylmethane in C57BL/6J mice. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:525-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Busbee PB, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Natural indoles, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolymethane, inhibit T cell activation by staphylococcal enterotoxin B through epigenetic regulation involving HDAC expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:7-16. [PMID: 24200994 PMCID: PMC3874587 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is a potent exotoxin produced by the Staphylococcus aureus. This toxin is classified as a superantigen because of its ability to directly bind with MHC-II class molecules followed by activation of a large proportion of T cells bearing specific Vβ-T cell receptors. Commonly associated with classic food poisoning, SEB has also been shown to induce toxic shock syndrome, and is also considered to be a potential biological warfare agent because it is easily aerosolized. In the present study, we assessed the ability of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and one of its byproducts, 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM), found in cruciferous vegetables, to counteract the effects of SEB-induced activation of T cells in mice. Both I3C and DIM were found to decrease the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production by SEB-activated Vβ8(+) T cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, inhibitors of histone deacetylase class I (HDAC-I), but not class II (HDAC-II), showed significant decrease in SEB-induced T cell activation and cytokine production, thereby suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a critical role in the regulation of SEB-induced inflammation. In addition, I3C and DIM caused a decrease in HDAC-I but not HDAC-II in SEB-activated T cells, thereby suggesting that I3C and DIM may inhibit SEB-mediated T cell activation by acting as HDAC-I inhibitors. These studies not only suggest for the first time that plant-derived indoles are potent suppressors of SEB-induced T cell activation and cytokine storm but also that they may mediate these effects by acting as HDAC inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Prakash S Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Chang CM, Chia VM, Gunter MJ, Zanetti KA, Ryan BM, Goodman JE, Harris CC, Weissfeld J, Huang WY, Chanock S, Yeager M, Hayes RB, Berndt SI. Innate immunity gene polymorphisms and the risk of colorectal neoplasia. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2512-20. [PMID: 23803696 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited variation in genes that regulate innate immunity and inflammation may contribute to colorectal neoplasia risk. To evaluate this association, we conducted a nested case-control study of 451 colorectal cancer cases, 694 colorectal advanced adenoma cases and 696 controls of European descent within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A total of 935 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 98 genes were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association with colorectal neoplasia. Sixteen SNPs were associated with colorectal neoplasia risk at P < 0.01, but after adjustment for multiple testing, only rs2838732 (ITGB2) remained suggestively associated with colorectal neoplasia (OR(per T allele) = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.57-0.83, P = 7.7 × 10(-5), adjusted P = 0.07). ITGB2 codes for the CD18 protein in the integrin beta chain family. The ITGB2 association was stronger for colorectal cancer (OR(per T allele) = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30-0.55, P = 2.4 × 10(-) (9)) than for adenoma (OR(per T allele) = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.69-1.03, P = 0.08), but it did not replicate in the validation study. The ITGB2 rs2838732 association was significantly modified by smoking status (P value for interaction = 0.003). Among never and former smokers, it was inversely associated with colorectal neoplasia (OR(per T allele) = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.37-0.69 and OR(per T allele) = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54-0.95, respectively), but no association was seen among current smokers. Other notable findings were observed for SNPs in BPI/LBP and MYD88. Although the results need to be replicated, our findings suggest that genetic variation in inflammation-related genes may be related to the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M Chang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA
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Benson JM, Beamer CA, Seaver BP, Shepherd DM. INDOLE-3-CARBINOL EXERTS SEX-SPECIFIC EFFECTS IN MURINE COLITIS. EUR J INFLAMM 2012; 10:335-346. [PMID: 33024444 DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1201000309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the severe adverse effects that can accompany conventional therapies for Crohn's disease, the search for natural complementary therapies has increased dramatically in recent years. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, possesses anti-inflammatory properties; however, its effects on intestinal inflammation have yet to be evaluated. To test the hypothesis that I3C dampens intestinal inflammation, C57Bl/6 mice were treated with I3C and exposed to 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) to induce colitis. Several parameters of disease severity and inflammation were subsequently evaluated. I3C dampened the disease severity, as indicated by decreased body weight loss and decreased severity of clinical signs. Interestingly, this effect was observed in female but not male mice, which displayed a trend towards exacerbated colitis. Differential effects were observed in the profiles of cytokine production, as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was increased in males. The sex-specific effect of I3C in TNBS-induced colitis is a novel finding and warrants further investigation since this is a common dietary compound and is also available commercially.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Benson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - C A Beamer
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - B P Seaver
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - D M Shepherd
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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Benson JM, Shepherd DM. Dietary ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor induce anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects on murine dendritic cells. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:327-38. [PMID: 21948866 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in immune cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), can lead to suppressed immune responses. Although AhR activation is most recognized for mediating the effects of its prototypical ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), many compounds existing in dietary sources can also bind the AhR. Because the immunomodulatory effects of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and indirubin-3'-oxime (IO) have yet to be investigated in DCs, we evaluated the potential immunomodulatory effects of these compounds on murine DCs. We hypothesized that I3C and IO suppress immune and inflammatory responses in DCs. We found that both I3C and IO decreased the expression of CD11c, CD40, and CD54 while they increased expression of MHC2 and CD80. Following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activation, I3C and IO suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide but increased IL-10 levels. These effects of I3C and IO were partially mediated by the AhR. Additionally, immunoregulatory genes, such as ALDH1A, IDO and TGFB, were upregulated following treatment with I3C or IO. Both I3C and IO decreased basal levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65, but only I3C suppressed the LPS-induced activity of RelB. Finally, when cultured with naïve T cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells treated with the dietary AhR ligands increased the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in an antigen-specific manner. Taken together, these results indicate that I3C and IO exhibit immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects on DCs. Because I3C and IO are significantly less toxic than TCDD, these natural products may ultimately become useful therapeutics for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M Benson
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
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Keuper M, Dzyakanchuk A, Amrein KE, Wabitsch M, Fischer-Posovszky P. THP-1 Macrophages and SGBS Adipocytes - A New Human in vitro Model System of Inflamed Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:89. [PMID: 22645513 PMCID: PMC3355855 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue. This inflammation of adipose tissue is a key event in the pathogenesis of several obesity-related disorders, particularly insulin resistance. Here, we summarized existing model systems that mimic the situation of inflamed adipose tissue in vitro, most of them being murine. Importantly, we introduce our newly established human model system which combines the THP-1 monocytic cell line and the preadipocyte cell strain Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS). THP-1 cells, which originate from an acute monocytic leukemia, differentiate easily into macrophages in vitro. The human preadipocyte cell strain SGBS was recently introduced as a unique tool to study human fat cell functions. SGBS cells are characterized by a high capacity for adipogenic differentiation. SGBS adipocytes are capable of fat cell-specific metabolic functions such as insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, insulin-stimulated de novo lipogenesis and β-adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis and they secrete typical adipokines including leptin, adiponectin, and RBP4. Applying either macrophage-conditioned medium or a direct co-culture of macrophages and fat cells, our model system can be used to distinguish between paracrine and cell-contact dependent effects. In conclusion, we propose this model as a useful tool to study adipose inflammation in vitro. It represents an inexpensive, highly reproducible human system. The methods described here can be easily extended for usage of primary human macrophages and fat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Keuper
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
| | - Anna Dzyakanchuk
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kurt E. Amrein
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Martin Wabitsch, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University, Eythstr 24, 89075 Ulm, Germany. e-mail:
| | - Pamela Fischer-Posovszky
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm UniversityUlm, Germany
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