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Phanrungsuwan A, Chavez MB, Eltilib LA, Kolli TN, Mohamed FF, Tan MH, Salmon CR, Nociti FH, Foster BL. Disparate effects of sclerostin deletion on alveolar bone and cellular cementum in mice. J Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39012429 DOI: 10.1002/jper.24-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular cementum (CC) includes cementocytes, cells suspected to regulate CC formation or resorption as osteocytes do in bone. Sclerostin (SOST) is a secreted negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signaling expressed by osteocytes and cementocytes. Osteocyte SOST expression reduces bone formation. We investigated the functional importance of SOST in CC compared with alveolar bone (AB) using a Sost knockout (Sost-/-) mouse model to better understand the role of cementocytes in CC. METHODS Mandibles and femurs of Sost-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were analyzed at 42 and 120 days postnatal (dpn). Maxillary first molars were bilaterally extracted at 42 dpn and both AB healing (maxillary molar sockets) and CC apposition (mandibular first molars) were examined at 21 days post-procedure. Analyses included micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Femur cortical and trabecular bone and mandibular bone volumes were similarly increased in Sost-/- versus WT mice at 42 and/or 120 dpn. In contrast to previous reports, CC was not increased by Sost-/- at either age. We conducted challenge experiments on AB and CC to explore tissue-specific responses. Post-extraction AB healing was improved by Sost deletion. In contrast, experimentally-induced apposition in molars failed to stimulate increased CC formation in Sost-/- versus WT mice. Wnt pathway markers AXIN2 and DKK1, which were increased in Sost-/- versus WT AB osteocytes, were unchanged in cementocytes. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate CC is less responsive than AB to SOST deletion. Within the study limitations, these results do not support cementocytes as critical for directing increased CC formation. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY Sclerostin is a protein known to inhibit bone formation, and removing sclerostin leads to more bone formation. Cementum is the thin layer that covers the surface of the tooth's root. Previous studies suggest that inhibiting sclerostin can similarly increase the amount of cementum. We wanted to compare the response of cementum and bone when sclerostin is absent to understand similarities and differences between these two tissues. In this study, we removed the Sost gene (the gene which produces sclerostin) in mice. We found that mice without sclerostin have more bone in their legs and jaws. Moreover, mice without sclerostin also healed better after tooth removal compared with normal mice. Surprisingly, unlike previous studies, we found that the amount of cementum was not different in mice without sclerostin compared with normal mice. Additionally, we challenged the cementum by taking out the opposing tooth to cause the first mandibular molar to move up by building more cementum. Even with this challenge, we found no difference in the amount of cementum in mice lacking sclerostin compared with normal mice. Therefore, we conclude here that cementum is less sensitive to the absence of sclerostin compared with bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aonjittra Phanrungsuwan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Leena A Eltilib
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Tamara N Kolli
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Fatma F Mohamed
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Dentistry, N. Sra. do Patrocínio University Center, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Research, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Sawada K, Shimomura J, Takedachi M, Murata M, Morimoto C, Kawasaki K, Kawakami K, Iwayama T, Murakami S. Activation of periodontal ligament cell cytodifferentiation by juxtacrine signaling from cementoblasts. J Periodontol 2024; 95:256-267. [PMID: 37492992 DOI: 10.1002/jper.23-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND New cementum forms from existing cementum during periodontal tissue regeneration, indicating that cementoblasts may interact with progenitor cells in the periodontal ligament to enhance cementogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are currently unknown. This study aims to clarify the role of cell-cell interactions between cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in differentiation into cementoblasts. METHODS To analyze the role of human cementoblast-like cells (HCEMs) on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs), we mixed cell suspensions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged HPDLs and HCEMs, and then seeded and cultured them in single wells (direct co-cultures). We sorted co-cultured HPDLs and analyzed their characteristics, including the expression of cementum-related genes. In addition, we cultured HPDLs and HCEMs in a non-contact environment using a culture system composed of an upper insert and a lower well separated by a semi-permeable membrane (indirect co-cultures), and similar analysis was performed. Gene expression of integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) in cementoblasts was confirmed in mouse periodontal tissues. We also investigated the effect of Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling on the differentiation of HPDLs into cementoblasts. RESULTS Direct co-culture of HPDLs with HCEMs significantly upregulated the expression of cementoblast-related genes in HPDLs, whereas indirect co-culture exerted no effect. Wnt3A stimulation significantly upregulated IBSP expression in HPDLs, whereas inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling suppressed the effects of co-culture. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that direct cell interactions with cementoblasts promote periodontal ligament cell differentiation into cementoblasts. Juxtacrine signaling via the canonical Wnt pathway plays a role in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Sawada
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junpei Shimomura
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahide Takedachi
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Murata
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiaki Morimoto
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kawakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Iwayama
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Raju R, Piña JO, Roth DM, Chattaraj P, Kidwai FK, Faucz FR, Iben J, Fridell G, Dale RK, D’Souza RN. Profiles of Wnt pathway gene expression during tooth morphogenesis. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1316635. [PMID: 38274045 PMCID: PMC10809389 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1316635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse and human genetic studies indicate key roles of the Wnt10a ligand in odontogenesis. Previous studies have identified effectors and regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway actively expressed during key stages of tooth morphogenesis. However, limitations in multiplexing and spatial resolution hindered a more comprehensive analysis of these signaling molecules. Here, profiling of transcriptomes using fluorescent multiplex in situ hybridization and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide robust insight into the synchronized expression patterns of Wnt10a, Dkk1, and Sost simultaneously during tooth development. First, we identified Wnt10a transcripts restricted to the epithelium at the stage of tooth bud morphogenesis, contrasting that of Sost and Dkk1 localization to the dental mesenchyme. By embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5), a marked shift of Wnt10a expression from dental epithelium to mesenchyme was noted, while Sost and Dkk1 expression remained enriched in the mesenchyme. By postnatal day 0 (P0), co-localization patterns of Wnt10a, Dkk1, and Sost were observed in both terminally differentiating and secreting odontoblasts of molars and incisors. Interestingly, Wnt10a exhibited robust expression in fully differentiated ameloblasts at the developing cusp tip of both molars and incisors, an observation not previously noted in prior studies. At P7 and 14, after the mineralization of dentin and enamel, Wnt10a expression was limited to odontoblasts. Meanwhile, Wnt modulators showed reduced or absent signals in molars. In contrast, strong signals persisted in ameloblasts (for Wnt10a) and odontoblasts (for Wnt10a, Sost, and Dkk1) towards the proximal end of incisors, near the cervical loop. Our scRNA-seq analysis used CellChat to further contextualize Wnt pathway-mediated communication between cells by examining ligand-receptor interactions among different clusters. The co-localization pattern of Wnt10a, Dkk1, and Sost in both terminally differentiating and secreting odontoblasts of molars and incisors potentially signifies the crucial ligand-modulator interaction along the gradient of cytodifferentiation starting from each cusp tip towards the apical region. These data provide cell type-specific insight into the role of Wnt ligands and mediators during epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resmi Raju
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeremie Oliver Piña
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Daniela M. Roth
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Parna Chattaraj
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fahad K. Kidwai
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fabio R. Faucz
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - James Iben
- Molecular Genomics Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gus Fridell
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ryan K. Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rena N. D’Souza
- Section on Craniofacial Genetic Disorders, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Abdalla H, Storino R, Bandeira A, Teixeira L, Millás A, Lisboa-Filho P, Kantovitz K, Nociti Junior F. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibition enhances mineral nodule formation by cementoblasts in vitro. Braz Oral Res 2023; 37:e112. [PMID: 37970932 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2023.vol37.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether GSK-3 inhibition (CHIR99021) effectively promoted mineralization by cementoblasts (OCCM-30). OCCM-30 cells were used and treated with different concentrations of CHIR99021 (2.5, 5, and 10 mM). Experiments included proliferation and viability, cellular metabolic activity, gene expression, and mineral nodule formation by Xylene Orange at the experimental time points. In general, CHIR99021 did not significantly affect OCCM-30 viability and cell metabolism (MTT assay) (p > 0.05), but increased OCCM-30 proliferation at 2.5 mM on days 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). Data analysis further showed that inhibition of GSK-3 resulted in increased transcript levels of Axin2 in OCCM-30 cells starting as early as 4 h, and regulated the expression of key bone markers including alkaline phosphatase (Alp), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx-2), osteocalcin (Ocn), and osterix (Osx). In addition, CHIR99021 led to an enhanced mineral nodule formation in vitro under both osteogenic and non-osteogenic conditions as early as 5 days after treatment. Altogether, the results of the current study suggest that inhibition of GSK-3 has the potential to promote cementoblast differentiation leading to increased mineral deposition in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Abdalla
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Department of Research, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Storino
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Department of Research, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bandeira
- Universidade José do Rosário Vellano University, School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, Varginha, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Teixeira
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Department of Research, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Millás
- Empresa de Biotecnologia e Soluções 3D, 3D Biotechnology Solutions, Department of Innovation, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Lisboa-Filho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, School of Sciences, Department of Physics and Meteorology, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Kamila Kantovitz
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Department of Research, Campinas SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Nociti Junior
- Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Department of Research, Campinas SP, Brazil
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Tabatabaei SN, Hodjat M, Hakimiha N, Akhoundi MSA, Kharazifard MJ. In Vitro Effect of Photobiomodulation Therapy with 980 nm Diode Laser on Gene Expression of Key Regulators of Bone Remodeling by Human Periodontal Ligament Cells under Mild Orthodontic Forces. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:1448-1455. [PMID: 36718580 DOI: 10.1111/php.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) with 980 nm diode laser as monotherapy and in combination with compressive and tensile orthodontic forces on expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin (SOST) and periostin (POSTN), by human periodontal ligament cells. Isolated cells were cultured and subjected to either tensile (10% elongation) or compressive forces (25 g cm-2 ) for 24 and 48 h. Subsequently, the cells received PBM (100 mW power, 3 or 6 J cm-2 energy density) immediately after load cycle. RT-PCR was applied to assess the genes expression. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). We found that PBM in combination with orthodontic forces led to upregulation of bone resorption genes (RANKL and SOST) at the pressure side and their downregulation at the tension side. The expression of osteogenic genes (OPG and POSTN) increased at the tension side and decreased at the pressure side. PBM alone did not affect gene expression. In conclusion, these findings suggest that this PBM protocol may be effective in enhancement of the gene expression in favor of bone remodeling acceleration that should be confirmed in future animal and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Hakimiha
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Kharazifard
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Carpenter KA, Alkhatib DO, Dulion BA, Guirado E, Patel S, Chen Y, George A, Ross RD. Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:47. [PMID: 37813865 PMCID: PMC10562382 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00252-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads to hypophosphatemia and impaired mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence of dental abscesses and periodontal disease, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including the alveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases long bone mass, strength, and mineralization in the Hyp mouse model of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg·kg-1 of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of age and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineral density in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active (nonphosphorylated) β-catenin, dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) and osteopontin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effect on the mass and mineralization of dentin, enamel, acellular or cellular cementum. There was a nonsignificant trend toward increased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fiber structural parameters were not affected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in adult Hyp mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Carpenter
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Delia O Alkhatib
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bryan A Dulion
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Guirado
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Nakamura K, Koide M, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita T, Matsushita M, Yasuda H, Ishihara Y, Yoshinari N, Udagawa N. Sclerostin deficiency effectively promotes bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced ectopic bone formation. J Periodontal Res 2023. [PMID: 37154419 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Severe periodontitis causes alveolar bone resorption, resulting in tooth loss. Developments of tissue regeneration therapy that can restore alveolar bone mass are desired for periodontal disease. The application of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been attempted for bone fractures and severe alveolar bone loss. BMP-2 reportedly induces sclerostin expression, an inhibitor of Wnt signals, that attenuates bone acquisition. However, the effect of sclerostin-deficiency on BMP-2-induced bone regeneration has not been fully elucidated. We investigated BMP-2-induced ectopic bones in Sost-knockout (KO) mice. METHODS rhBMP-2 were implanted into the thighs of C57BL/6 (WT) and Sost-KO male mice at 8 weeks of age. The BMP-2-induced ectopic bones in these mice were examined on days 14 and 28 after implantation. RESULTS Immunohistochemical and quantitative RT-PCR analyses showed that BMP-2-induced ectopic bones expressed sclerostin in osteocytes on days 14 and 28 after implantation in Sost-Green reporter mice. Micro-computed tomography analysis revealed that BMP-2-induced ectopic bones in Sost-KO mice showed a significant increased relative bone volume and bone mineral density (WT = 468 mg/cm3 , Sost-KO = 602 mg/cm3 ) compared with those in WT mice on day 14 after implantation. BMP-2-induced ectopic bones in Sost-KO mice showed an increased horizontal cross-sectional bone area on day 28 after implantation. Immunohistochemical staining showed that BMP-2-induced ectopic bones in Sost-KO mice had an increased number of osteoblasts with osterix-positive nuclei compared with those in WT mice on days 14 and 28 after implantation. CONCLUSION Sclerostin deficiency increased bone mineral density in BMP-2-induced ectopic bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Teruhito Yamashita
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Mai Matsushita
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hisataka Yasuda
- Bioindustry Division, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuo Yoshinari
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontology and Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Udagawa
- Division of Hard Tissue Research, Institute for Oral Science, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
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8
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Ross R, Carpenter K, Alkhatib D, Dulion B, Guirado E, Patel S, Chen Y, George A. Sclerostin antibody improves alveolar bone quality in the Hyp mouse model of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia (XLH). RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2762671. [PMID: 37090634 PMCID: PMC10120757 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2762671/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare disease of elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) production that leads to hypophosphatemia and poor mineralization of bone and teeth. The clinical manifestations of XLH include a high prevalence of dental abscesses, likely driven by poorly formed structures of the dentoalveolar complex, including the alveolar bone, cementum, dentin, and periodontal ligament. Our previous studies have demonstrated that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab) treatment improves phosphate homeostasis, and increases bone mass, strength and mineralization in the Hyp mouse model of XLH. In the current study, we investigated whether Scl-Ab impacts the dentoalveolar structures of Hyp mice. Male and female wild-type and Hyp littermates were injected with 25 mg/kg of vehicle or Scl-Ab twice weekly beginning at 12 weeks of age and euthanized at 20 weeks of age. Scl-Ab increased alveolar bone mass in both male and female mice and alveolar tissue mineral density in the male mice. The positive effects of Scl-Ab were consistent with an increase in the fraction of active (non-phosphorylated) β-catenin stained alveolar osteocytes. Scl-Ab had no effect on mineralized tissues of the tooth - dentin, enamel, acellular and cellular cementum. There was a non-significant trend toward increased periodontal ligament (PDL) attachment fraction within the Hyp mice. Additional PDL fibral structural parameters were not affected by Scl-Ab. The current study demonstrates that Scl-Ab can improve alveolar bone in the Hyp mouse model of XLH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinghua Chen
- University of Illinois Chicago College of Dentistry
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Andras NL, Mohamed FF, Chu EY, Foster BL. Between a rock and a hard place: Regulation of mineralization in the periodontium. Genesis 2022; 60:e23474. [PMID: 35460154 PMCID: PMC9492628 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The periodontium supports and attaches teeth via mineralized and nonmineralized tissues. It consists of two, unique mineralized tissues, cementum and alveolar bone. In between these tissues, lies an unmineralized, fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL), which distributes occlusal forces, nourishes and invests teeth, and harbors progenitor cells for dentoalveolar repair. Many unanswered questions remain regarding periodontal biology. This review will focus on recent research providing insights into one enduring mystery: the precise regulation of the hard-soft tissue borders in the periodontium which define the interfaces of the cementum-PDL-alveolar bone structure. We will focus on advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms that maintain the unmineralized PDL "between a rock and a hard place" by regulating the mineralization of cementum and alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L. Andras
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Fatma F. Mohamed
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Emily Y. Chu
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, School of DentistryUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Brian L. Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of DentistryThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
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Chen J, Cuevas P, Dworan J, Dawid I, Turkkahraman H, Tran K, Delgado-Calle J, Bellido T, Gorski J, Liu B, Brunski J, Helms J. Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Controls Maxillofacial Hyperostosis. J Dent Res 2022; 101:793-801. [PMID: 35114849 PMCID: PMC10850863 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211067705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The roles of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating the morphology and microstructure of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bones was explored using mice carrying a constitutively active form of β-catenin in activating Dmp1-expressing cells (e.g., daβcatOt mice). By postnatal day 24, daβcatOt mice exhibited midfacial truncations coupled with maxillary and mandibular hyperostosis that progressively worsened with age. Mechanistic insights into the basis for the hyperostotic facial phenotype were gained through molecular and cellular analyses, which revealed that constitutively activated β-catenin in Dmp1-expressing cells resulted in an increase in osteoblast number and an increased rate of mineral apposition. An increase in osteoblasts was accompanied by an increase in osteocytes, but they failed to mature. The resulting CMF bone matrix also had an abundance of osteoid, and in locations where compact lamellar bone typically forms, it was replaced by porous, woven bone. The hyperostotic facial phenotype was progressive. These findings identify for the first time a ligand-independent positive feedback loop whereby unrestrained Wnt/β-catenin signaling results in a CMF phenotype of progressive hyperostosis combined with architecturally abnormal, poorly mineralized matrix that is reminiscent of craniotubular disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Chen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - P.L. Cuevas
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J.S. Dworan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Anatomy, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Vienna, Austria
| | - I. Dawid
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - H. Turkkahraman
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics & Oral Facial Genetics, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - K. Tran
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J. Delgado-Calle
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - T. Bellido
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J.P. Gorski
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, and Center of Excellence in Mineralized Tissue Research, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - B. Liu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J.B. Brunski
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J.A. Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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11
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Wei T, Shan Z, Wen X, Zhao N, Shen G. Dynamic alternations of RANKL/OPG ratio expressed by cementocytes in response to orthodontic‑induced external apical root resorption in a rat model. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:228. [PMID: 35593309 PMCID: PMC9178691 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the alterations in the formation of cementocytes in response to orthodontic forces and to evaluate the contribution of these cells in the biological changes of tooth movement and associated root resorption. A total of 90 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control, high force, and low force groups. Intrusion forces of 10 and 50 g were applied on the rat molar to induce tooth intrusion. The tooth movement was observed from 0 to 14 days by micro-computed tomography, bone histometric analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, as well as reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence staining assays. The results suggested that under low force conditions, osteoclasts were distributed at a higher frequency on the bone side than on the root side. Under high force conditions, both sides suffered osteoclast infiltration. In the low force group, the cementocytes exhibited downregulated sclerostin (SOST) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA levels and a lower receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/OPG ratio over a certain period of time. The expression levels of these genes were lower compared with those of the osteocytes at each time-point. In the high force group, both cementocytes and osteocytes upregulated the SOST and RANKL/OPG ratio on days 7 and 14, while the cementocytes expressed higher levels of SOST mRNA than those noted in the osteocytes. These data suggested that cementocytes responded to the orthodontic force via modulation of the RANKL/OPG ratio and SOST expression. The biological response of cementocytes contributed to the mechanotransduction and homoeostasis of the roots under compression. Excessive forces may act as a negative factor of this regulatory role. These results expand our knowledge on the function of cementocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wei
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Shan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Gang Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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12
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Liao C, Liang S, Wang Y, Zhong T, Liu X. Sclerostin is a promising therapeutic target for oral inflammation and regenerative dentistry. J Transl Med 2022; 20:221. [PMID: 35562828 PMCID: PMC9102262 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03417-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin is the protein product of the SOST gene and is known for its inhibitory effects on bone formation. The monoclonal antibody against sclerostin has been approved as a novel treatment method for osteoporosis. Oral health is one of the essential aspects of general human health. Hereditary bone dysplasia syndrome caused by sclerostin deficiency is often accompanied by some dental malformations, inspiring the therapeutic exploration of sclerostin in the oral and dental fields. Recent studies have found that sclerostin is expressed in several functional cell types in oral tissues, and the expression level of sclerostin is altered in pathological conditions. Sclerostin not only exerts similar negative outcomes on the formation of alveolar bone and bone-like tissues, including dentin and cementum, but also participates in the development of oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and peri-implantitis. This review aims to highlight related research progress of sclerostin in oral cavity, propose necessary further research in this field, and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for dental indications and regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chufang Liao
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yining Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangning Liu
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Clinical Research Platform for Interdiscipline of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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Nam YS, Yang DW, Moon JS, Kang JH, Cho JH, Kim OS, Kim MS, Koh JT, Kim YJ, Kim SH. Sclerostin in Periodontal Ligament: Homeostatic Regulator in Biophysical Force-Induced Tooth Movement. J Clin Periodontol 2022; 49:932-944. [PMID: 35373367 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study elucidates the role of sclerostin in periodontal ligament (PDL) as a homeostatic regulator in biophysical force-induced tooth movement (BFTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS BFTM was performed in rats, followed by microarray, immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, and real-time PCR for detection and identification of the molecules. The periodontal space was analyzed via micro-computed tomography. Effects on osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption were evaluated in mouse bone marrow-derived cells. In vitro human PDL cells were subjected to biophysical forces. RESULTS In the absence of BFTM, sclerostin was hardly detected in the periodontium except the PDL and alveolar bone in the furcation region and apex of the molar roots. However, sclerostin was upregulated in the PDL in vivo by adaptable force, which induced typical transfiguration without changes in periodontal space as well as in vitro PDL cells under compression and tension. In contrast, the sclerostin level was unaffected by heavy force, which caused severe degeneration of the PDL and narrowed periodontal space. Sclerostin inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, which corroborates the accelerated tooth movement by the heavy force. CONCLUSIONS Sclerostin in PDL may be a key homeostatic molecule in the periodontium and a biological target for the therapeutic modulation of BFTM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Sung Nam
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Yang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Moon
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Hae Kang
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Hyoung Cho
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ok-Su Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Jun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hun Kim
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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14
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Fraser D, Caton J, Benoit DSW. Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration: Insights for Engineering New Therapeutic Approaches. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.815810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a widespread inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the tooth supporting periodontal tissues. The few therapies available to regenerate periodontal tissues have high costs and inherent limitations, inspiring the development of new approaches. Studies have shown that periodontal tissues have an inherent capacity for regeneration, driven by multipotent cells residing in the periodontal ligament (PDL). The purpose of this review is to describe the current understanding of the mechanisms driving periodontal wound healing and regeneration that can inform the development of new treatment approaches. The biologic basis underlying established therapies such as guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and growth factor delivery are reviewed, along with examples of biomaterials that have been engineered to improve the effectiveness of these approaches. Emerging therapies such as those targeting Wnt signaling, periodontal cell delivery or recruitment, and tissue engineered scaffolds are described in the context of periodontal wound healing, using key in vivo studies to illustrate the impact these approaches can have on the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and PDL. Finally, design principles for engineering new therapies are suggested which build on current knowledge of periodontal wound healing and regeneration.
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15
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Kornsuthisopon C, Photichailert S, Nowwarote N, Tompkins KA, Osathanon T. Wnt signaling in dental pulp homeostasis and dentin regeneration. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 134:105322. [PMID: 34844087 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Wnt signaling is crucial in the physiological and pathological processes of dental pulp tissues. The present study described the effects of Wnt signaling in dental pulp homeostasis and regeneration. DESIGN Publications in Pubmed and Scopus database were searched, and a narrative review was performed. The roles of Wnt signaling in dental pulp tissue were reviewed and discussed. RESULT In vitro and in vivo evidence have confirmed the involvement of Wnt signaling in tooth development, dental pulp homeostasis, and physiological processes in dental pulp responses. Manipulating Wnt signaling components generates beneficial effects on pulp healing, dentin repair, and epigenetic regulation related to stemness maintenance, implying that Wnt signaling is a potential therapeutic target for future clinical dental applications. Additionally, an overview of the epigenetic control of dental pulp stem cells by Wnt signaling is provided. CONCLUSION This review provides basic knowledge on Wnt signaling and outlines its functions in dental pulp tissues, focusing on their potential as therapeutic treatments by targeting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatvadee Kornsuthisopon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suphalak Photichailert
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universite de Paris, Sorbonne Universite, INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology and Universite de Paris, Dental Faculty Garanciere, Oral Biology Department, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Kevin A Tompkins
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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16
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WNT-5a and SOST Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid Depend on the Inflammatory and Osteoclastogenic Activities of Periodontal Tissues. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57080788. [PMID: 34440994 PMCID: PMC8399934 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Wnt signaling leads to stimulation of osteoblasts and it reduces osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via the regulation of the osteprotegrin and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligan (RANKL). Wnt signaling pathways are regulated by their physiological antagonists such as sclerostin (SOST) as well as WNT-5a. The aim of this study was to determine the total amount of Sclerostin and WNT-5a in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in sites with a continuum from a healthy to diseased periodontium. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 20 patients with generalized periodontitis, 10 subjects with gingivitis as well as 14 individuals with a healthy periodontium were recruited upon clinical and radiographic periodontal examination. In patients diagnosed with periodontitis, GCF samples were collected from periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy sites, while gingivitis patients provided samples from gingivitis and healthy sites. In healthy patients, only healthy sites were sampled. Protein total amount of SOST and WNT-5a were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 108 GCF samples were collected from a total of 44 individuals. When all periodontitis (n = 51), gingivitis (n = 12) and healthy (n = 45) sites were analyzed regardless of the patient diagnosis, periodontitis sites demonstrated significantly elevated WNT-5a total amounts (p = 0.03) when compared to gingivitis sites. Gingivitis sites demonstrated a trend of more total SOST (p = 0.09) when compared to periodontitis and healthy sites. Within each patient diagnostic category, sites showed similar SOST and WNT-5a total amounts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: WNT-5a levels in GCF depend on the stage of periodontitis sites. SOST trended higher in the GCF of gingivitis sites but similar in chronic periodontitis and healthy sites. WNT-5a and SOST play a crucial role in periodontal tissue remodeling and depend on the inflammatory and osteoclastogenic activities.
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17
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Lira Dos Santos EJ, Salmon CR, Chavez MB, de Almeida AB, Tan MH, Chu EY, Sallum EA, Casati MZ, Ruiz KGS, Kantovitz KR, Foster BL, Nociti Júnior FH. Cementocyte alterations associated with experimentally induced cellular cementum apposition in hyp mice. J Periodontol 2021; 92:116-127. [PMID: 34003518 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular cementum, a mineralized tissue covering apical tooth roots, grows by apposition to maintain the tooth in its occlusal position. We hypothesized that resident cementocytes would show morphological changes in response to cementum apposition, possibly implicating a role in cementum biology. METHODS Mandibular first molars were induced to super-erupt (EIA) by extraction of maxillary molars, promoting rapid new cementum formation. Tissue and cell responses were analyzed at 6 and/or 21 days post-procedure (dpp). RESULTS High-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed increased cellular cementum by 21 dpp. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that cementocytes under EIA were 50% larger than control cells, supported by larger pore sizes detected by micro-CT. Cementocytes under EIA displayed ultrastructural changes consistent with increased activity, including increased cytoplasm and nuclear size. We applied EIA to Hyp mutant mice, where cementocytes have perilacunar hypomineralization defects, to test cell and tissue responses in an altered mechanoresponsive milieu. Hyp and WT molars displayed similar super-eruption, with Hyp molars exhibiting 28% increased cellular cementum area versus 22% in WT mice at 21 dpp. Compared to control, Hyp cementocytes featured well-defined, disperse euchromatin and a thick layer of peripherally condensed heterochromatin in nuclei, indicating cellular activity. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for cementum markers revealed intense dentin matrix protein-1 expression and abnormal osteopontin deposition in Hyp mice. Both WT and Hyp cementocytes expressed gap junction protein, connexin 43. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the EIA model and cementocyte activity in association with new cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis J Lira Dos Santos
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Cristiane R Salmon
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Dentistry, N. Sra. do Patrocínio University Center, Itu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael B Chavez
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Amanda B de Almeida
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle H Tan
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Emily Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD
| | - Enilson A Sallum
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Z Casati
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina G S Ruiz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila R Kantovitz
- Department of Dental Materials, São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brian L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Francisco H Nociti Júnior
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- São Leopoldo Mandic Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Huang X, Xie M, Xie Y, Mei F, Lu X, Li X, Chen L. The roles of osteocytes in alveolar bone destruction in periodontitis. J Transl Med 2020; 18:479. [PMID: 33308247 PMCID: PMC7733264 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a bacterium-induced inflammatory disease that is characterized by alveolar bone loss, is highly prevalent worldwide. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms of alveolar bone loss in periodontitis is crucial for understanding its pathogenesis. Classically, bone cells, such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells, are thought to dominate the development of bone destruction in periodontitis. Recently, osteocytes, the cells embedded in the mineral matrix, have gained attention. This review demonstrates the key contributing role of osteocytes in periodontitis, especially in alveolar bone loss. Osteocytes not only initiate physiological bone remodeling but also assist in inflammation-related changes in bone remodeling. The latest evidence suggests that osteocytes are involved in regulating bone anabolism and catabolism in the progression of periodontitis. The altered secretion of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) by osteocytes affects the balance of bone resorption and formation and promotes bone loss. In addition, the accumulation of prematurely senescent and apoptotic osteocytes observed in alveolar bone may exacerbate local destruction. Based on their communication with the bloodstream, it is noteworthy that osteocytes may participate in the interaction between local periodontitis lesions and systemic diseases. Overall, further investigations of osteocytes may provide vital insights that improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanling Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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19
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Wnt signaling: An attractive target for periodontitis treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:110935. [PMID: 33227711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease, and a leading cause of tooth loss. Characterized by resorption of alveolar process and destruction of periodontal ligaments, periodontitis can impact not only periodontal tissues but also systemic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory infections. Currently, it is a hotspot to manage destruction and gain regeneration of periodontal tissues. Increasing evidence indicates that the Wnt signaling plays an important role in homeostasis of periodontal tissues, functions of periodontal derived cells, and progression of periodontitis. Its molecule expressions were abnormal in periodontitis. As such, modulators targeting the Wnt signaling may be an adjuvant therapy for periodontitis treatment. This review elucidates the role of Wnt signaling and its molecules, with a view to develop a potential application of drugs targeting the Wnt signaling for periodontitis treatment.
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20
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Möller B, Kollert F, Sculean A, Villiger PM. Infectious Triggers in Periodontitis and the Gut in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): A Complex Story About Association and Causality. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1108. [PMID: 32582191 PMCID: PMC7283532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic immune mediated inflammatory disease of unknown origin, which is predominantly affecting the joints. Antibodies against citrullinated peptides are a rather specific immunological hallmark of this heterogeneous entity. Furthermore, certain sequences of the third hypervariable region of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules, the so called "shared epitope" sequences, appear to promote autoantibody positive types of RA. However, MHC-II molecule and other genetic associations with RA could not be linked to immune responses against specific citrullinated peptides, nor do genetic factors fully explain the origin of RA. Consequently, non-genetic factors must play an important role in the complex interaction of endogenous and exogenous disease factors. Tobacco smoking was the first environmental factor that was associated with onset and severity of RA. Notably, smoking is also an established risk factor for oral diseases. Furthermore, smoking is associated with extra-articular RA manifestations such as interstitial lung disease in anatomical proximity to the airway mucosa, but also with subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules. In the mouth, Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontal pathogen with unique citrullinating capacity of foreign microbial antigens as well as candidate RA autoantigens. Although the original hypothesis that this single pathogen is causative for RA remained unproven, epidemiological as well as experimental evidence linking periodontitis (PD) with RA is rapidly accumulating. Other periopathogens such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Prevotella intermedia were also proposed to play a specific immunodominant role in context of RA. However, demonstration of T cell reactivity against citrullinated, MHC-II presented autoantigens from RA synovium coinciding with immunity against Prevotella copri (Pc.), a gut microbe attracted attention to another mucosal site, the intestine. Pc. was accumulated in the feces of clinically healthy subjects with citrulline directed immune responses and was correlated with RA onset. In conclusion, we retrieved more than one line of evidence for mucosal sites and different microbial taxa to be potentially involved in the development of RA. This review gives an overview of infectious agents and mucosal pathologies, and discusses the current evidence for causality between different exogenous or mucosal factors and systemic inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Möller
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kollert
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter M Villiger
- Department for Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, Inselspital-University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Schwarze UY, Dobsak T, Gruber R, Bookstein FL. Anatomical similarity between the Sost-knockout mouse and sclerosteosis in humans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:2295-2308. [PMID: 31729194 PMCID: PMC7496997 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosteosis, a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by a mutation of the Sost gene, manifests in the facial skeleton by gigantism, facial distortion, mandibular prognathism, cranial nerve palsy, and, in extreme cases, compression of the medulla oblongata. Mice lacking sclerostin reflect some symptoms of sclerosteosis, but this is the first report of the effect on the facial skeleton. We used geometric morphometrics (GMM) to analyze the deformations of the murine facial skeleton from the wild‐type to the Sost gene knockout. Landmark coordinates were obtained by surface reconstructions from micro‐computed tomography. Centroid size, principal component scores in shape space and form space, and asymmetry were computed by the standard GMM formulas, and dental and skeletal jaw lengths were examined as ratios. We show here that, compared to wild type controls, mice lacking Sost have larger centroid size (effect size, p‐value: 4.59, <.001), higher mean asymmetry (1.14, .065), dental and skeletal mandibular prognathism (1.36, .010 and 5.92, <.001), a smaller foramen magnum (−1.71, .015), and calvaria that are more highly curved (form space p = 4.09, .002; shape space p = 12.82, .002). These features of mice lacking sclerostin largely correspond to the changes of the facial skeleton observed in sclerosteosis. This alignment further supports claims that the Sost gene plays a fundamental role in bony facial development in rodents and humans alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Y Schwarze
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Toni Dobsak
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fred L Bookstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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22
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Janjić K, Samiei M, Moritz A, Agis H. The Influence of Pro-Inflammatory Factors on Sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 Production in Human Dental Pulp Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:430. [PMID: 31921831 PMCID: PMC6927906 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerostin (Sost) and dickkopf (Dkk)-1 are inhibitors of the Wnt signaling pathway that plays a role in regenerative processes. Hypoxia-based strategies are used for regenerative approaches, but the influence of hypoxia on Sost and Dkk-1 production in a pro-inflammatory environment is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess if pro-inflammatory molecules have an influence on Sost and Dkk-1 production in dental pulp cells (DPC) under normoxia and hypoxia. Human DPC were treated with interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α or transforming growth factor (TGF)β, with L-mimosine (L-MIM) or hypoxia or a combination. Sost and Dkk-1 mRNA and protein levels were measured with qPCR and western blot, respectively. TNFα, TGFβ, L-MIM, or combined treatment did not modulate Sost and Dkk-1. IL-1β downregulated Sost at the mRNA level. Hypoxia alone and together with inflammatory markers downregulated Dkk-1 at the mRNA level. Sost and Dkk-1 protein production was below the detection limit. In conclusion, there is a differential effect of hypoxia and IL-1β on the mRNA production of Sost and Dkk-1. Pro-inflammatory molecules do not further modulate the effects of L-MIM or hypoxia on Sost and Dkk-1 production in DPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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23
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Korah L, Amri N, Bugueno IM, Hotton D, Tenenbaum H, Huck O, Berdal A, Davideau JL. Experimental periodontitis in Msx2 mutant mice induces alveolar bone necrosis. J Periodontol 2019; 91:693-704. [PMID: 31566253 DOI: 10.1002/jper.16-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Msx2 homeoprotein is a key transcription factor of dental and periodontal tissue formation and is involved in many molecular pathways controlling mineralized tissue homeostasis such as Wnt/sclerostin pathway. This study evaluated the effect of Msx2-null mutation during experimental periodontitis in mice. METHODS Experimental periodontitis was induced for 30 days in wild-type and Msx2 knock-in Swiss mice using Porphyromonas gingivalis infected ligatures. In knock-in mice, Msx2 gene was replaced by n-LacZ gene encoding β-galactosidase. Periodontal tissue response was assessed by histomorphometry, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histoenzymology, β-galactosidase, sclerostin immunochemistry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nickend labeling assay. Expression of Msx2 gene expression was also evaluated in human gingival biopsies using RT-qPCR. RESULTS During experimental periodontitis, osteonecrosis area and osteoclast number were significantly elevated in knock-in mice compared with wild-type mice. Epithelial downgrowth and bone loss was similar. Sclerostin expression in osteocytes appeared to be reduced during periodontitis in knock-in mice. Msx2 expression was detected in healthy and inflamed human gingival tissues. CONCLUSION These data indicated that Msx2 pathway influenced periodontal tissue response to experimental periodontitis and appeared to be a protective factor against alveolar bone osteonecrosis. As shown in other inflammatory processes such as atherothrombosis, genes initially characterized in early development could also play an important role in human periodontal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Korah
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Nawel Amri
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Isaac Maximiliano Bugueno
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France
| | - Dominique Hotton
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Henri Tenenbaum
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Huck
- INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research), UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative Nanomedicine laboratory, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS (Federation of Translational Medicine Strasbourg), Strasbourg, France.,Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM UMR 1138, Laboratory of Oral Molecular Physiopathology, Institut des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davideau
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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24
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de Vries TJ, Huesa C. The Osteocyte as a Novel Key Player in Understanding Periodontitis Through its Expression of RANKL and Sclerostin: a Review. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:116-121. [PMID: 30924022 PMCID: PMC6491659 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Periodontitis is the inflammation-associated bone loss disease of the alveolar bone that surrounds teeth. Classically, the emphasis on the etiology of periodontitis has been on the products of periodontal pathogens that lead to an inflammatory response of the soft tissues of the periodontium, eventually leading to activation of osteoclasts that degrade the alveolar bone. Until recently, the response of osteocytes that populate the alveolar bone, and that are known for their regulatory role in bone anabolism and catabolism, has not been addressed. RECENT FINDINGS This review demonstrates that osteocytes play a key contributing role in periodontitis progression in various experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models. Osteocytes are the key expressing cells of both osteoclast differentiation factor RANKL as well as osteoblast activity regulator sclerostin. Targeted deletion of RANKL in osteocytes prevents osteoclast formation, thereby impairing periodontitis, despite the pressure of periodontitis-associated bacteria. Antibodies against the osteocyte-derived protein sclerostin inhibit and partially revert periodontitis by stimulating bone formation. Experimental mouse and rat periodontitis models strongly indicate a key role for the bone-encapsulated osteocyte in understanding periodontitis etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teun J de Vries
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Carmen Huesa
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen Margaret Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Little France Crescent, EH16 4TJ, UK
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25
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Samiei M, Janjić K, Cvikl B, Moritz A, Agis H. The role of sclerostin and dickkopf-1 in oral tissues - A review from the perspective of the dental disciplines. F1000Res 2019; 8:128. [PMID: 31031968 PMCID: PMC6468704 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.17801.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is of high relevance in the development, homeostasis, and regeneration of oral tissues. Therefore, Wnt signaling is considered to be a potential target for therapeutic strategies. The action of Wnt is tightly controlled by the inhibitors sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf (DKK)-1. Given the impact of SOST and DKK-1 in hard tissue formation, related diseases and healing, it is of high relevance to understand their role in oral tissues. The clinical relevance of this knowledge is further underlined by systemic and local approaches which are currently in development for treating a variety of diseases such as osteoporosis and inflammatory hard tissue resorption. In this narrative review, we summarize the current knowledge and understanding on the Wnt signaling inhibitors SOST and DKK-1, and their role in physiology, pathology, and regeneration in oral tissues. We present this role from the perspective of the different specialties in dentistry, including endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and oral surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samiei
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Klara Janjić
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Barbara Cvikl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
| | - Hermann Agis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, 1200, Austria
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26
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Wang C, Liao H, Sun H, Zhang Y, Cao Z. MicroRNA-3064-3p regulates the differentiation of cementoblasts through targeting DKK1. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:705-713. [PMID: 29704238 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - H. Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - H. Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Periodontology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Y. Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Oral Implantology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - Z. Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME); School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Department of Periodontology; School & Hospital of Stomatology; Wuhan University; Wuhan China
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27
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Liu M, Kurimoto P, Zhang J, Niu QT, Stolina M, Dechow PC, Feng JQ, Hesterman J, Silva MD, Ominsky MS, Richards WG, Ke H, Kostenuik PJ. Sclerostin and DKK1 Inhibition Preserves and Augments Alveolar Bone Volume and Architecture in Rats with Alveolar Bone Loss. J Dent Res 2018; 97:1031-1038. [PMID: 29617179 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518766874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone is a mechanosensitive tissue that provides structural support for teeth. Alveolar bone loss is common with aging, menopause, tooth loss, and periodontitis and can lead to additional tooth loss, reduced denture fixation, and challenges in placing dental implants. The current studies suggest that sclerostin and DKK1, which are established osteocyte-derived inhibitors of bone formation, contribute to alveolar bone loss associated with estrogen ablation and edentulism in rats. Estrogen-deficient ovariectomized rats showed significant mandibular bone loss that was reversed by systemic administration of sclerostin antibody (SAB) alone and in combination with DKK1 antibody (DAB). Osteocytes in the dentate and edentulous rat maxilla expressed Sost (sclerostin) and Dkk1 (DKK1) mRNA, and molar extraction appeared to acutely increase DKK1 expression. In a chronic rat maxillary molar extraction model, systemic SAB administration augmented the volume and height of atrophic alveolar ridges, effects that were enhanced by coadministering DAB. SAB and SAB+DAB also fully reversed bone loss that developed in the opposing mandible as a result of hypo-occlusion. In both treatment studies, alveolar bone augmentation with SAB or SAB+DAB was accompanied by increased bone mass in the postcranial skeleton. Jaw bone biomechanics showed that intact sclerostin-deficient mice exhibited stronger and denser mandibles as compared with wild-type controls. These studies show that sclerostin inhibition, with and without DKK1 coinhibition, augmented alveolar bone volume and architecture in rats with alveolar bone loss. These noninvasive approaches may have utility for the conservative augmentation of alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - P Kurimoto
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,Merck Research Labs, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Q T Niu
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - M Stolina
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - P C Dechow
- 2 Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Q Feng
- 2 Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | | | - M S Ominsky
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,Radius Health Inc., Waltham, MA, USA
| | - W G Richards
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - H Ke
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,4 UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
| | - P J Kostenuik
- 1 Department of Cardiometabolic and Bone Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.,Phylon Pharma Services, Newbury Park, CA, USA, and School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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28
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Collignon AM, Amri N, Lesieur J, Sadoine J, Ribes S, Menashi S, Simon S, Berdal A, Rochefort GY, Chaussain C, Gaucher C. Sclerostin Deficiency Promotes Reparative Dentinogenesis. J Dent Res 2017; 96:815-821. [PMID: 28571484 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517698104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, the SOST gene encodes sclerostin, an inhibitor of bone growth and remodeling, which also negatively regulates the bone repair process. Sclerostin has also been implicated in tooth formation, but its potential role in pulp healing remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the role of sclerostin in reparative dentinogenesis using Sost knockout mice ( Sost-/-). The pulps of the first maxillary molars were mechanically exposed in 3-mo-old Sost-/- and wild-type (WT) mice ( n = 14 mice per group), capped with mineral trioxide aggregate cement, and the cavities were filled with a bonded composite resin. Reparative dentinogenesis was dynamically followed up by micro-computed tomography and characterized by histological analyses. Presurgical analysis revealed a significantly lower pulp volume in Sost-/- mice compared with WT. At 30 and 49 d postsurgery, a large-forming reparative mineralized bridge, associated with osteopontin-positive mineralization foci, was observed in the Sost-/- pulps, whereas a much smaller bridge was detected in WT. At the longer time points, the bridge, which was associated with dentin sialoprotein-positive cells, had expanded in both groups but remained significantly larger in Sost-/- pulps. Sclerostin expression in the healing WT pulps was detected in the cells neighboring the forming dentin bridge. In vitro, mineralization induced by Sost-/- dental pulp cells (DPCs) was also dramatically enhanced when compared with WT DPCs. These observations were associated with an increased Sost expression in WT cells. Taken together, our data show that sclerostin deficiency hastened reparative dentinogenesis after pulp injury, suggesting that the inhibition of sclerostin may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for improving the healing of damaged pulps.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Collignon
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National rare disease center metabolism phosphorus and calcium" (HUPNVS), Rothschild "National rare diseases center MAFACE" (HUEP), Pitié Salpêtrière (HUPSCF) and Albert Chennevier (HUHM), Paris, France
| | - N Amri
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,3 INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Team, Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes University USPC, Paris, France
| | - J Lesieur
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - J Sadoine
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - S Ribes
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - S Menashi
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - S Simon
- 2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National rare disease center metabolism phosphorus and calcium" (HUPNVS), Rothschild "National rare diseases center MAFACE" (HUEP), Pitié Salpêtrière (HUPSCF) and Albert Chennevier (HUHM), Paris, France.,3 INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Team, Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes University USPC, Paris, France
| | - A Berdal
- 2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National rare disease center metabolism phosphorus and calcium" (HUPNVS), Rothschild "National rare diseases center MAFACE" (HUEP), Pitié Salpêtrière (HUPSCF) and Albert Chennevier (HUHM), Paris, France.,3 INSERM UMRS 1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology Team, Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes University USPC, Paris, France
| | - G Y Rochefort
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France
| | - C Chaussain
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National rare disease center metabolism phosphorus and calcium" (HUPNVS), Rothschild "National rare diseases center MAFACE" (HUEP), Pitié Salpêtrière (HUPSCF) and Albert Chennevier (HUHM), Paris, France
| | - C Gaucher
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imagery and Biotherapies, Dental School and Life imaging Platform (PIV), University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, Montrouge, France.,2 AP-HP, Departments of Odontology, University Hospitals Louis Mourier and Bretonneau "National rare disease center metabolism phosphorus and calcium" (HUPNVS), Rothschild "National rare diseases center MAFACE" (HUEP), Pitié Salpêtrière (HUPSCF) and Albert Chennevier (HUHM), Paris, France
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29
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Notch Signaling Participates in TGF-β-Induced SOST Expression Under Intermittent Compressive Stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2221-2230. [PMID: 27966788 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is regulated by mechanical stimuli in various cell types. It has previously been reported that intermittent compressive stimuli enhanced sclerostin (SOST) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs) by regulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of Notch signaling in the TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. Cells were treated with intermittent compressive stress in a computer-controlled apparatus for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression of the cells were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. In some experiments, the target signaling pathway was impeded by the addition of a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) or a γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). The results demonstrated that hPDLs under intermittent compressive stress exhibited significantly higher NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA expression compared with control, indicating that mechanical stress induced Notch signaling. DAPT pretreatment markedly reduced the intermittent stress-induced SOST expression. The expression of NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA under compressive stress was significantly reduced after pretreatment with SB431542, coinciding with a reduction in SOST expression. Recombinant human TGF-β1 enhanced SOST, Notch receptor, and target gene expression in hPDLs. Further, DAPT treatment attenuated rhTGF-β1-induced SOST expression. In summary, intermittent compressive stress regulates Notch receptor and target gene expression via the TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, Notch signaling participates in TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2221-2230, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Xu H, He Y, Feng JQ, Shu R, Liu Z, Li J, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zeng H, Xu X, Xiang Z, Xue C, Bai D, Han X. Wnt3α and transforming growth factor-β induce myofibroblast differentiation from periodontal ligament cells via different pathways. Exp Cell Res 2017; 353:55-62. [PMID: 28223136 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are specialized cells that play a key role in connective tissue remodeling and reconstruction. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin and tenascin-C are myofibroblast phenotype, while α-SMA is the phenotypic marker. The observation that human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) differentiate into myofibroblasts under orthodontic force has provided a new perspective for understanding of the biological and biomechanical mechanisms involved in orthodontic tooth movement. However, the cell-specific molecular mechanisms leading to myofibroblast differentiation in the periodontal ligament (PDL) remain unclear. In this study, we found that expression of Wnt3α, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), α-SMA and tenascin-C increased in both tension and compression regions of the PDL under orthodontic load compared with unloaded control, suggesting that upregulated Wnt3α and TGF-β1 signaling might have roles in myofibroblast differentiation in response to orthodontic force. We reveal in vitro that both Wnt3α and TGF-β1 promote myofibroblast differentiation from hPDLCs. Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) impairs Wnt3α-induced myofibroblast differentiation in a β-catenin-dependent manner. TGF-β1 stimulates myofibroblast differentiation via a JNK-dependent mechanism. DKK1 has no significant effect on TGF-β1-induced myofibroblastic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, TX A&M University, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX 75246, USA.
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Jingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yating Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Huan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Zichao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Chaoran Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14#, 3rd section of Renmin South Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Harris SE, Rediske M, Neitzke R, Rakian A. Periodontal Biology: Stem Cells, Bmp2 Gene, Transcriptional Enhancers, and Use of Sclerostin Antibody and Pth for Treatment of Periodontal Disease and Bone Loss. CELL, STEM CELLS AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 3:10.16966/2472-6990.113. [PMID: 29457146 PMCID: PMC5813290 DOI: 10.16966/2472-6990.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The periodontium is a complex tissue with epithelial components and a complex set of mesodermal derived alveolar bone, cellular and a cellular cementum, and tendon like ligaments (PDL). The current evidence demonstrates that the major pool of periodontal stem cells is derived from a population of micro vascular associated aSMA-positive stem/progenitor (PSC) cells that by lineage tracing form all three major mesodermal derived components of the periodontium. With in vitro aSMA+ stem cells, transcriptome and chip- seq experiments, the gene network and enhancer maps were determined at several differentiation states of the PSC. Current work on the role of the Bmp2 gene in the periodontal stem cell differentiation demonstrated that this Wnt regulated gene, Bmp2, is necessary for differentiation to all three major mesodermal derived component of the periodontium. The mechanism and use of Sclerostin antibody as an activator of Wnt signaling and Bmp2 gene as a potential route to treat craniofacial bone loss is discussed. As well, the mechanism and use of Pth in the treatment of periodontal bone loss or other craniofacial bone loss is presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Harris
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Michael Rediske
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Rebecca Neitzke
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Audrey Rakian
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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Li Z, Chen G, Yang Y, Guo W, Tian W. Bcl11b regulates enamel matrix protein expression and dental epithelial cell differentiation during rat tooth development. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:297-304. [PMID: 27959403 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.6030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenesis, beginning with thickened epithelial aggregation and ending with highly mineralized enamel formation, is a process mediated by a complex signaling network that involves several molecules, including growth and transcription factors. During early tooth development, the transcription factor B‑cell CLL/lymphoma 11B (Bcl11b) participates in dental epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. However, whether it affects the postnatal regulation of enamel matrix protein expression and ameloblast differentiation remains unclear. To clarify the role of Bcl11b in enamel development, the present study initially detected the protein expression levels of Bcl11b during tooth development using immunohistochemistry, from the embryonic lamina stage to the postnatal period, and demonstrated that Bcl11b is predominantly restricted to cervical loop epithelial cells at the cap and bell stages, whereas expression is reduced in ameloblasts. Notably, the expression pattern of Bcl11b during tooth development differed between rats and mice. Knockdown of Bcl11b by specific small interfering RNA attenuated the expression of enamel‑associated genes, including amelogenin, X‑linked (Amelx), ameloblastin (Ambn), enamelin (Enam), kallikrein related peptidase 4 (Klk4), matrix metallopeptidase 20 and Msh homeobox 2 (Msx2). Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay verified that Msx2 was a transcriptional target of Bcl11b. However, overexpression of Msx2 resulted in downregulation of enamel‑associated genes, including Ambn, Amelx, Enam and Klk4. The present study suggested that Bcl11b serves a potentially important role in the regulation of ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix protein expression. In addition, a complex feedback regulatory network may exist between Bcl11b and Msx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yaling Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Shu R, Ai D, Bai D, Song J, Zhao M, Han X. The effects of SOST on implant osseointegration in ovariectomy osteoporotic mice. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 74:82-91. [PMID: 27918899 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a risk factor for implant fixation failure. The inhibition of sclerostin effectively improves bone formation and bone remodeling. Therefore, this study investigated whether SOST deficiency enhances the osseointegration of implants in a mouse model of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy (OVX). DESIGN Osteoporosis was induced in female C57BL/6 and SOST deficient mice by OVX. Titanium implants were placed in the bilateral distal aspects of the femurs. Implants underwent sandblasting and acid-etching after which the structure, surface roughness and chemical components were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analyses. Undecalcified slices, μ-CT, histology analyses and mechanical tests were used to evaluate the osseointegration of implants. The results were compared using one-way ANOVA between four groups. RESULTS Sandblasting and acid-etching increased the roughness of the implants. OVX surgery reduced bone formation around the implants in both WT and SOST-/- mice. However, implant osseointegration was significantly improved in the SOST-/- OVX mice compared to the WT OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of the SOST gene improved implant fixation in the OVX osteoporotic mice, which suggests a strategy for enhancing implant osseointegration in clinical patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shu
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Dongqing Ai
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ding Bai
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Jinlin Song
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xianglong Han
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, 3rd Sec, Renminnan Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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Distorted Patterns of Dentinogenesis and Eruption in Msx2 Null Mutants. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2577-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Herencia C, Diaz-Tocados JM, Jurado L, Montes de Oca A, Rodríguez-Ortiz ME, Martín-Alonso C, Martínez-Moreno JM, Vergara N, Rodríguez M, Almadén Y, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Procaine Inhibits Osteo/Odontogenesis through Wnt/β-Catenin Inactivation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156788. [PMID: 27257912 PMCID: PMC4892678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a complex pathology characterized by the loss of alveolar bone. The causes and the mechanisms that promote this bone resorption still remain unknown. The knowledge of the critical regulators involved in the alteration of alveolar bone homeostasis is of great importance for developing molecular therapies. Procaine is an anesthetic drug with demethylant properties, mainly used by dentists in oral surgeries. The inhibitor role of Wnt signaling of procaine was described in vitro in colon cancer cells. Methods In this work we evaluated the role of procaine (1 uM) in osteo/odontogenesis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Similarly, the mechanisms whereby procaine achieves these effects were also studied. Results Procaine administration led to a drastic decrease of calcium content, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining and an increase in the expression of Matrix Gla Protein. With respect to osteo/odontogenic markers, procaine decreased early and mature osteo/odontogenic markers. In parallel, procaine inhibited canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, observing a loss of nuclear β-catenin, a decrease in Lrp5 and Frizzled 3, a significant increase of sclerostin and Gsk3β and an increase of phosphorylated β-catenin. The combination of osteo/odontogenic stimuli and Lithium Chloride decreased mRNA expression of Gsk3β, recovered by Procaine. Furthermore it was proved that Procaine alone dose dependently increases the expression of Gsk3β and β-catenin phosphorylation. These effects of procaine were also observed on mature osteoblast. Interestingly, at this concentration of procaine no demethylant effects were observed. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that procaine administration drastically reduced the mineralization and osteo/odontogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway through the increase of Gsk3β expression and β-catenin phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Diaz-Tocados
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Lidia Jurado
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Addy Montes de Oca
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Martín-Alonso
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Julio M. Martínez-Moreno
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Noemi Vergara
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mariano Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Yolanda Almadén
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, (CIBEROBN), Hosp Univ Reina Sofia, IMIBIC, REDinREN, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Instituto Maimónides para la Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba, Serv Nefrologia, Córdoba, Spain
- * E-mail:
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MacNabb C, Patton D, Hayes JS. Sclerostin Antibody Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoporosis: Clinical Prospects and Challenges. J Osteoporos 2016; 2016:6217286. [PMID: 27313945 PMCID: PMC4899597 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6217286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that over 200 million adults worldwide have osteoporosis, a disease that has increasing socioeconomic impact reflected by unsustainable costs associated with disability, fracture management, hospital stays, and treatment. Existing therapeutic treatments for osteoporosis are associated with a variety of issues relating to use, clinical predictability, and health risks. Consequently, additional novel therapeutic targets are increasingly sought. A promising therapeutic candidate is sclerostin, a Wnt pathway antagonist and, as such, a negative regulator of bone formation. Sclerostin antibody treatment has demonstrated efficacy and superiority compared to other anabolic treatments for increasing bone formation in both preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, it has been suggested that sclerostin antibody treatment is set to achieve market approval by 2017 and aggressively compete as the gold standard for osteoporotic treatment by 2021. In anticipation of phase III trial results which may potentially signify a significant step in achieving market approval here, we review the preclinical and clinical emergence of sclerostin antibody therapies for both osteoporosis and alternative applications. Potential clinical challenges are also explored as well as ongoing developments that may impact on the eventual clinical application of sclerostin antibodies as an effective treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire MacNabb
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, NUI Galway, Biosciences Research Building, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - D. Patton
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, NUI Galway, Biosciences Research Building, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
| | - J. S. Hayes
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, NUI Galway, Biosciences Research Building, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, Ireland
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Tamura M, Nemoto E. Role of the Wnt signaling molecules in the tooth. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2016; 52:75-83. [PMID: 28408959 PMCID: PMC5390339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a central role in many processes during embryonic development and adult homeostasis. At least 19 types of Wnt ligands, receptors, transducers, transcription factors, and antagonists have been identified in mammals. Two distinct Wnt signaling pathways, the canonical signaling pathway and the noncanonical signaling pathway, have been described. Some Wnt signaling pathway components are expressed in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth development in humans and mice. Functional studies and experimental analysis of relevant animal models confirm the effects of Wnt signaling pathway on the regulation of developing tooth formation and adult tooth homeostasis. Mutations in some Wnt signaling pathway components have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic tooth agenesis. This review provides an overview of progress in elucidating the role of Wnt signaling pathway components in the tooth and the resulting possibilities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Tamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, N13, W7, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiji Nemoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba, Sendai, Japan
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Abstract
Cementum is a mineralized tissue covering the tooth root that functions in tooth attachment and posteruptive adjustment of tooth position. During formation of the apically located cellular cementum, some cementoblasts become embedded in the cementoid matrix and become cementocytes. As apparently terminally differentiated cells embedded in a mineralized extracellular matrix, cementocytes are part of a select group of specialized cells, also including osteocytes, hypertrophic chondrocytes, and odontoblasts. The differentiation and potential function(s) of cementocytes are virtually unknown, and the question may be posed whether the cementocyte is a dynamic actor in cementum in comparable fashion with the osteocyte in the skeleton, responding to changing tooth functions and endocrine signals and actively directing local cementum metabolism. This review summarizes the literature with regard to cementocytes, comparing them to their closest "cousins," the osteocytes, where insights gained from osteocyte studies serve to inform the critical examination of cementocytes. The review identifies important unanswered questions about these cells regarding their origins, differentiation, morphology and lacuno-canalicular system, selective markers, and potential functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zhao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai No. 9 Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - B L Foster
- Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Diekwisch TGH. Our periodontal tissue: a masterpiece of evolution. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:320-2. [PMID: 26878344 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G H Diekwisch
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
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40
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Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4864195. [PMID: 27119080 PMCID: PMC4828521 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4864195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Some degree of external root resorption is a frequent, unpredictable, and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement mediated by odontoclasts/cementoclasts originating from circulating precursor cells in the periodontal ligament. Its pathogenesis involves mechanical forces initiating complex interactions between signalling pathways activated by various biological agents. Resorption of cementum is regulated by mechanisms similar to those controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Following root resorption there is repair by cellular cementum, but factors mediating the transition from resorption to repair are not clear. In this paper we review some of the biological events associated with orthodontically induced external root resorption.
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Tang YL, Liu X, Gao SY, Feng H, Jiang YP, Wang SS, Yang J, Jiang J, Ma XR, Tang YJ, Chen Y, Liang XH. WIP1 stimulates migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma by inducing MMP-9 and VEGF-C. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9031-44. [PMID: 25797250 PMCID: PMC4496200 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1) is an oncogene overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. Here, we demonstrated that WIP1 silencing reduced MMP-9 and VEGF-C expression as well as migration and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) cells. Overexpression of MMP-9 or VEGF-C restored migration and invasion in WIP1 knockdown cells, indicating that MMP-9 and VEGF-C are downstream targets of WIP1 signaling. Levels of cyclin D1 and c-Myc, targets of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, were significantly decreased by WIP1 silencing. In addition, WIP1 expression was positively associated with metastasis and prognosis of ACC patients as well as with MMP-9 or VEGF-C in ACC tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ling Tang
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-ping Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-sha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-jie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Oral Pathology, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-hua Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Zhao N, Nociti FH, Duan P, Prideaux M, Zhao H, Foster BL, Somerman MJ, Bonewald LF. Isolation and Functional Analysis of an Immortalized Murine Cementocyte Cell Line, IDG-CM6. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:430-442. [PMID: 26274352 PMCID: PMC4827449 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The dental cementum covering the tooth root is similar to bone in several respects but remains poorly understood in terms of development and differentiation of cementoblasts, as well as the potential function(s) of cementocytes residing in the cellular cementum. It is not known if the cementocyte is a dynamic actor in cementum metabolism, comparable to the osteocyte in the bone. Cementocytes exhibit irregular spacing and lacunar shape, with fewer canalicular connections compared with osteocytes. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that the in vivo expression profile of cementocytes paralleled that of osteocytes, including expression of dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1/DMP1), Sost/sclerostin, E11/gp38/podoplanin, Tnfrsf11b (osteoprotegerin [OPG]), and Tnfsf11 (receptor activator of NF-κB ligand [RANKL]). We used the Immortomouse(+/-); Dmp1-GFP(+/-) mice to isolate cementocytes as Dmp1-expressing cells followed by immortalization using the interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible promoter driving expression of a thermolabile large T antigen to create the first immortalized line of cementocytes, IDG-CM6. This cell line reproduced the expression profile of cementocytes observed in vivo, including alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. IDG-CM6 cells expressed higher levels of Tnfrsf11b and lower levels of Tnfsf11 compared with IDG-SW3 osteocytes, and under fluid flow shear stress, IDG-CM6 cells significantly increased OPG while decreasing RANKL, leading to a significantly increased OPG/RANKL ratio, which would inhibit osteoclast activation. These studies indicate similarities yet potentially important differences in the function of cementocytes compared with osteocytes and support cementocytes as mechanically responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai No. 9 Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry at Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peipei Duan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Matthew Prideaux
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Bone Cell Biology Group, Centre for Orthopaedic & Trauma Research, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Brian L Foster
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,Division of Biosciences, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Martha J Somerman
- Laboratory of Oral Connective Tissue Biology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Yang X, Han X, Shu R, Jiang F, Xu L, Xue C, Chen T, Bai D. Effect of sclerostin removal in vivo on experimental periodontitis in mice. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:271-6. [PMID: 27349550 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Xianglong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Rui Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Fulin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Chaoran Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Tian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University
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44
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Rangiani A, Jing Y, Ren Y, Yadav S, Taylor R, Feng JQ. Critical roles of periostin in the process of orthodontic tooth movement. Eur J Orthod 2015; 38:373-8. [PMID: 26446403 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjv071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM The process of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) involves multiple mechanisms of action including bone and extracellular matrix remodelling, although the role of periodontal ligament (PDL) in this process is largely unknown. Periostin, which is highly expressed in the PDL, is known to be responsible for mechanical stimulation in maintaining the integrity of periodontal tissues. We hypothesize that this protein plays an important role during OTM. MATERIAL AND METHODS By using spring in 4-week-old wild-type (WT) and periostin null mice, the rate of tooth movement and mineralization were evaluated. For the evaluation, double labelling, expression of sclerostin (SOST), number of TRAP-positive cells, and quality of collagen fibrils by Sirius red were analysed and compared between these two groups. RESULTS Our findings showed that the distance of the tooth movement and mineral deposition rates were significantly reduced in periostin null mice (P < 0.05), with a lack of expression changes in SOST as observed in the WT group. The arrangement, digestion, and integrity of collagen fibrils were impaired in periostin null mice. The number of osteoclasts reflected by expressions of TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) in the null mice was also significantly lower than the WT control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Periostin plays a stimulatory role in both SOST and TRAP responses to OTM in the compassion site, although it is not clear if this role is direct or indirect during orthodontic loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Rangiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA, Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, and
| | - Yan Jing
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yinshi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA, and
| | - Reginald Taylor
- Department of Orthodontics, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA,
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45
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Manokawinchoke J, Limjeerajarus N, Limjeerajarus C, Sastravaha P, Everts V, Pavasant P. Mechanical Force-induced TGFB1 Increases Expression of SOST/POSTN by hPDL Cells. J Dent Res 2015; 94:983-9. [PMID: 25870205 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515581372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the response of human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts to an intermittent compressive force and its effect on the expression of SOST, POSTN, and TGFB1. A computerized cell compressive force loading apparatus was introduced, and hPDL cells were subjected to intermittent compressive force. The changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression were monitored by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. An increased expression of SOST, POSTN, and TGFB1 was observed in a time-dependent fashion. Addition of cycloheximide, a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β inhibitor (SB431542), or a neutralizing antibody against TGF-β1 attenuated the force-induced expression of SOST and POSTN as well as sclerostin and periostin, indicating a role of TGF-β1 in the pressure-induced expression of these proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis revealed an increased level of TGF-β1 in the cell extracts but not in the medium, suggesting that intermittent compressive force promoted the accumulation of TGF-β1 in the cells or their surrounding matrix. In conclusion, an intermittent compressive force regulates SOST/POSTN expression by hPDL cells via the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. Since these proteins play important roles in the homeostasis of the periodontal tissue, our results indicate the importance of masticatory forces in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Manokawinchoke
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Limjeerajarus
- Graduate School, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - C Limjeerajarus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Sastravaha
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - V Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, MOVE Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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46
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Ren Y, Han X, Ho SP, Harris SE, Cao Z, Economides AN, Qin C, Ke H, Liu M, Feng JQ. Removal of SOST or blocking its product sclerostin rescues defects in the periodontitis mouse model. FASEB J 2015; 29:2702-11. [PMID: 25757567 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-265496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding periodontal ligament (PDL) biology and developing an effective treatment for bone and PDL damage due to periodontitis have been long-standing aims in dental medicine. Here, we first demonstrated by cell lineage tracing and mineral double-labeling approaches that murine PDL progenitor cells display a 2- and 3-fold higher mineral deposition rate than the periosteum and endosteum at the age of 4 weeks, respectively. We next proved that the pathologic changes in osteocytes (Ocys; changes from a spindle shape to round shape with a >50% reduction in the dendrite number/length, and an increase in SOST) are the key pathologic factors responsible for bone and PDL damage in periostin-null mice (a periodontitis animal model) using a newly developed 3-dimensional FITC-Imaris technique. Importantly, we proved that deleting the Sost gene (a potent inhibitor of WNT signaling) or blocking sclerostin function by using the mAb in this periodontitis model significantly restores bone and PDL defects (n = 4-5; P < 0.05). Together, identification of the key contribution of the PDL in normal alveolar bone formation, the pathologic changes of the Ocys in periodontitis bone loss, and the novel link between sclerostin and Wnt signaling in the PDL will aid future drug development in the treatment of patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshi Ren
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Xianglong Han
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Stephen E Harris
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Aris N Economides
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Chunlin Qin
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Huazhu Ke
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Min Liu
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- *Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA; The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, USA; and Department of Metabolic Disorders, Amgen Incorporated, Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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Cao Z, Liu R, Zhang H, Liao H, Zhang Y, Hinton RJ, Feng JQ. Osterix controls cementoblast differentiation through downregulation of Wnt-signaling via enhancing DKK1 expression. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:335-44. [PMID: 25678852 PMCID: PMC4323373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Osterix (Osx), a transcriptional factor essential for osteogenesis, is also critical for in vivo cellular cementum formation. However, the molecular mechanism by which Osx regulates cementoblasts is largely unknown. In this study, we initially demonstrated that overexpression of Osx in a cementoblast cell line upregulated the expression of markers vital to cementogenesis such as osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone sialoprotein (BSP) at both mRNA and protein levels, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Unexpectedly, we demonstrated a sharp increase in the expression of DKK1 (a potent canonical Wnt antagonist), and a great reduction in protein levels of β-catenin and its nuclear translocation by overexpression of Osx. Further, transient transfection of Osx reduced protein levels of TCF1 (a target transcription factor of β-catenin), which were partially reversed by an addition of DKK1. We also demonstrated that activation of canonical Wnt signaling by LiCl or Wnt3a significantly enhanced levels of TCF1 and suppressed the expression of OPN, OCN, and BSP, as well as ALP activity and formation of extracellular mineralized nodules. Importantly, we confirmed that there were a sharp reduction in DKK1 and a concurrent increase in β-catenin in Osx cKO mice (crossing between the Osx loxP and 2.3 Col 1-Cre lines), in agreement with the in vitro data. Thus, we conclude that the key role of Osx in control of cementoblast proliferation and differentiation is to maintain a low level of Wnt-β-catenin via direct up-regulation of DKK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguo Cao
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China ; 2. Department of Periodontology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rubing Liu
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Haiqing Liao
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST KLOS) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education(KLOBME), School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Robert J Hinton
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- 3. Texas A&M University, Baylor College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX, USA
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48
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Effects of TGF-β1 on OPG/RANKL expression of cementoblasts and osteoblasts are similar without stress but different with mechanical compressive stress. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:718180. [PMID: 25685846 PMCID: PMC4312653 DOI: 10.1155/2015/718180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. This study aimed to explore the effects of TGF-β1 on regulating activities of cementoblasts and osteoblasts with or without stress. Material and Methods. Human recombinant TGF-β1 was added with different doses. Immunohistochemical test of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and Alizarin Red-S staining were conducted. Mechanical compressive stress was obtained by increasing the pressure of gaseous phase. OPG/RANKL expression was detected in both cells through quantitative real-time PCR. Results. Similar significant differences (P < 0.05) existed in OPG/RANKL change with increasing concentration of TGF-β1 without mechanical stress for cementoblasts and osteoblasts. However, under 3 h stress, OPG increased and RANKL decreased significantly (P < 0.01) but with similar OPG/RANKL change. Moreover, under 24 h stress, OPG change exhibited no difference (P > 0.05), but RANKL decreased significantly (P < 0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL TGF-β1 in cementoblasts. In osteoblasts, OPG increased significantly (P < 0.01) at 10 and 100 ng/mL, whereas RANKL decreased with statistical difference (P < 0.05) at 1 and 10 ng/mL. Conclusions. The effects of TGF-β1 on OPG/RANKL expression of cementoblasts and osteoblasts are similar even without mechanical stress. However, these effects are different under mechanical compressive stress.
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