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Ma B, Wang Y, Zhao K, Stirling E, Lv X, Yu Y, Hu L, Tang C, Wu C, Dong B, Xue R, Dahlgren RA, Tan X, Dai H, Zhu YG, Chu H, Xu J. Biogeographic patterns and drivers of soil viromes. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:717-728. [PMID: 38383853 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Viruses are crucial in shaping soil microbial functions and ecosystems. However, studies on soil viromes have been limited in both spatial scale and biome coverage. Here we present a comprehensive synthesis of soil virome biogeographic patterns using the Global Soil Virome dataset (GSV) wherein we analysed 1,824 soil metagenomes worldwide, uncovering 80,750 partial genomes of DNA viruses, 96.7% of which are taxonomically unassigned. The biogeography of soil viral diversity and community structure varies across different biomes. Interestingly, the diversity of viruses does not align with microbial diversity and contrasts with it by showing low diversity in forest and shrubland soils. Soil texture and moisture conditions are further corroborated as key factors affecting diversity by our predicted soil viral diversity atlas, revealing higher diversity in humid and subhumid regions. In addition, the binomial degree distribution pattern suggests a random co-occurrence pattern of soil viruses. These findings are essential for elucidating soil viral ecology and for the comprehensive incorporation of viruses into soil ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kankan Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erinne Stirling
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Acid Sulfate Soils Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Arable Soil Quality and Fertilizer Administration Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuyi Wu
- School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiyu Dong
- Institute of Applied Remote Sensing and Information Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Xue
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Randy A Dahlgren
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Tan
- Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hengyi Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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2
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Talluto L, del Campo R, Estévez E, Altermatt F, Datry T, Singer G. Towards (better) fluvial meta-ecosystem ecology: a research perspective. NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2024; 3:3. [PMID: 39050515 PMCID: PMC11263126 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-023-00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rivers are an important component of the global carbon cycle and contribute to atmospheric carbon exchange disproportionately to their total surface area. Largely, this is because rivers efficiently mobilize, transport and metabolize terrigenous organic matter (OM). Notably, our knowledge about the magnitude of globally relevant carbon fluxes strongly contrasts with our lack of understanding of the underlying processes that transform OM. Ultimately, OM processing en route to the oceans results from a diverse assemblage of consumers interacting with an equally diverse pool of resources in a spatially complex network of heterogeneous riverine habitats. To understand this interaction between consumers and OM, we must therefore account for spatial configuration, connectivity, and landscape context at scales ranging from local ecosystems to entire networks. Building such a spatially explicit framework of fluvial OM processing across scales may also help us to better predict poorly understood anthropogenic impacts on fluvial carbon cycling, for instance human-induced fragmentation and changes to flow regimes, including intermittence. Moreover, this framework must also account for the current unprecedented human-driven loss of biodiversity. This loss is at least partly due to mechanisms operating across spatial scales, such as interference with migration and habitat homogenization, and comes with largely unknown functional consequences. We advocate here for a comprehensive framework for fluvial networks connecting two spatially aware but disparate lines of research on (i) riverine metacommunities and biodiversity, and (ii) the biogeochemistry of rivers and their contribution to the global carbon cycle. We argue for a research agenda focusing on the regional scale-that is, of the entire river network-to enable a deeper mechanistic understanding of naturally arising biodiversity-ecosystem functioning coupling as a major driver of biogeochemically relevant riverine carbon fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Talluto
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rubén del Campo
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Edurne Estévez
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Datry
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gabriel Singer
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Ma Z, Gong J, Hu C, Lei J. An integrated approach to assess spatial and temporal changes in the contribution of the ecosystem to sustainable development goals over 20 years in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166237. [PMID: 37574068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are an important basis for promoting sustainable development goals (SDGs) through the provision of stable ecosystem services (ESs). In the past 20 years, China has implemented a series of forestry ecological development projects, resulting in the improvement of the ecological environment. In this context, changes in ESs in China may affect the contribution of ecosystems to the SDGs, but there is a lack of research in this area. Studies have shown that ESs can support multiple SDGs, and quantifying the contribution of ecosystems to SDGs is currently a research focus. However, few studies have quantified the extent of the contribution of different ESs to the SDGs, although these differences are generally assumed. To narrow this knowledge gap, we construct an assessment approach that integrates the extent of the contribution of different ESs to the SDGs and assesses the temporal and spatial dynamics of the contribution of ESs to the SDGs in China from 2000 to 2020. Our analysis results indicate that during the study period, fractional vegetation cover improved in China. In general, water provision, soil conservation, and food provision services improved, while carbon storage and biodiversity maintenance services declined. The contribution capacity of provincial ecosystems to the SDGs increased, except in Tibet, between 2000 and 2020. Overall, the contributions to the SDGs had obvious spatial differences. The research results can support policy formulation and research on ES management and SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jinyu Gong
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jingpin Lei
- Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Silviculture of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China.
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4
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Shan X, Liu C, Song L, Huan H, Chen H. Risk characteristics of resistome coalescence in irrigated soils and effect of natural storage of irrigation materials on risk mitigation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122575. [PMID: 37742860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation and fertilization are the routinely agricultural practices but also cause resistome coalescence, by which the entire microbiomes from irrigation materials invade soil microbial community, to transfer antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the coalesced soils. Although studies have reported the effect of irrigation or fertilization on the prevalence and spread of ARGs in soils, risk characteristics of resistome coalescence in irrigation system remain to be demonstrated and few has shown whether natural storage of irrigation materials will reduce resistance risks. To fill the gaps, two microscopic experiments were conducted for deeply exploring resistance risks in the soils irrigated with wastewater and manure fertilizer from a perspective of community coalescence by metagenomic analysis, and to reveal the effect of natural storage of irrigation materials on the reduction of resistance risks in the coalesced soils. Results showed irrigation and coalescence significantly increased the abundance and diversity of ARGs in the soils, and introduced some emerging resistance genes into the coalesced community, including mcr-type, tetX, qacB, and an array of genes conferring resistance to carbapenem. Procrustes analysis demonstrated microbial community was significantly correlated with the ARGs in coalesced soils, and variance partitioning analysis quantified its dominant role on shaping resistome profile in the environment. Besides ARGs, abundant and diverse mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were also identified in the coalesced soils and co-existed on the ARG-carrying contigs, implying potential transfer risk of ARGs in the irrigation system. Further, the analysis of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) confirmed the risk by recovering 358 ARGs-carrying MAGs and identifying the resistant bacteria that co-carried multiple ARGs and MGEs. As expected, the natural storage of irrigation water and manure fertilizer reduced about 27%-54% of ARGs, MGEs and virulence factors in the coalesced soils, thus caused the soils to move towards lower resistance risks to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shan
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Liuting Song
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huan Huan
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agricultural and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, No 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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5
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Lumpi T, Guo X, Lindström ES. Nutrient availability and grazing influence the strength of priority effects during freshwater bacterial community coalescence. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:2289-2302. [PMID: 37381117 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
When bacterial communities mix, immigration history can fundamentally affect the community composition as a result of priority effects. Priority effects arise when an early immigrant exhausts resources and/or alters habitat conditions, thereby influencing the establishment success of the late arriver. The strength of priority effects is context-dependent and expected to be stronger if environmental conditions favour the growth of the first arriver. In this study, we conducted a two-factorial experiment testing the importance of nutrient availability and grazing on the strength of priority effects in complex aquatic bacterial communities. We did so by mixing two dissimilar communities, simultaneously, and with a 38 h time-delay. Priority effects were measured as the invasion resistance of the first community to the invading second community. We found stronger priority effects in treatments with high nutrient availability and absence of grazing, but in general, the arrival timing was less important than the selection by nutrients and grazing. At the population level, the results were complex, but priority effects may have been driven by bacteria belonging to for example, the genera Rhodoferax and Herbaspirillum. Our study highlights the importance of arrival timing in complex bacterial communities, especially if environmental conditions favour rapid community growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Lumpi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Eva S Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Chen X, Yu L, Cao Y, Xu Y, Zhao Z, Zhuang Y, Liu X, Du Z, Liu T, Yang B, He L, Wu H, Yang R, Gong P. Habitat quality dynamics in China's first group of national parks in recent four decades: Evidence from land use and land cover changes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 325:116505. [PMID: 36270131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the most biodiversity-rich part of the protected areas system, habitats within the pilot national parks have long been threatened by drastic human-induced land use and land cover changes. The growing concern about habitat loss has spurred China's national park project to shift from pilot to construction phase with the official establishment of China's first group of national parks (CFGNPs) in October 2021. But far too little attention has been paid to the synergistic work concerning the habitat quality (HQ) dynamics of all five national parks. Here, the InVEST model, combined with a satellite-derived land use and land cover product and a hot spot analysis (HSA) method, was used to investigate the HQ dynamics at the park- and pixel-scale within the CFGNPs. Our results demonstrate that the past ecological conservation practices within national parks have been unpromising, especially in Giant Panda National Park, Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park (NCTL), and Wuyi Mountain National Park (WYM), where HQ as a whole showed a significant decline. Furthermore, more than half of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park (87.2%), WYM (77.4%), and NCTL (52.9%) showed significant HQ degradation from 1980 to 2019. Besides, increasing trends in the area shares of HQ degraded pixels were observed in all five national parks from 1980-1999 to 2000-2019. The HSA implied that the hot spots of high HQ degradation rates tend to occur in areas closer to urban settlements or on the edge of national parks, where human activities are intensive. Despite these disappointing findings, we highlighted from the observed local successes and the HQ plateau that the construction of CFGNPs is expected to reverse the deteriorating HQ trends. Thus, we concluded our paper by proposing an HSA-based regulatory zoning scheme that includes five subzones to guide the future construction of China's national park system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yue Cao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yidi Xu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Universite Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91191, France
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Youbo Zhuang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenrong Du
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Beijing Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu He
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hui Wu
- School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Institute for National Parks, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Landscape Architecture, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Geography, Department of Earth Sciences, and Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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7
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Walters KE, Capocchi JK, Albright MBN, Hao Z, Brodie EL, Martiny JBH. Routes and rates of bacterial dispersal impact surface soil microbiome composition and functioning. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:2295-2304. [PMID: 35778440 PMCID: PMC9477824 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that, similar to larger organisms, dispersal is a key driver of microbiome assembly; however, our understanding of the rates and taxonomic composition of microbial dispersal in natural environments is limited. Here, we characterized the rate and composition of bacteria dispersing into surface soil via three dispersal routes (from the air above the vegetation, from nearby vegetation and leaf litter near the soil surface, and from the bulk soil and litter below the top layer). We then quantified the impact of those routes on microbial community composition and functioning in the topmost litter layer. The bacterial dispersal rate onto the surface layer was low (7900 cells/cm2/day) relative to the abundance of the resident community. While bacteria dispersed through all three routes at the same rate, only dispersal from above and near the soil surface impacted microbiome composition, suggesting that the composition, not rate, of dispersal influenced community assembly. Dispersal also impacted microbiome functioning. When exposed to dispersal, leaf litter decomposed faster than when dispersal was excluded, although neither decomposition rate nor litter chemistry differed by route. Overall, we conclude that the dispersal routes transport distinct bacterial communities that differentially influence the composition of the surface soil microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra E Walters
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Joia K Capocchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Zhao Hao
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eoin L Brodie
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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8
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Wang J, Peipoch M, Guo X, Kan J. Convergence of biofilm successional trajectories initiated during contrasting seasons. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:991816. [PMID: 36187986 PMCID: PMC9522907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.991816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm communities play a major role in explaining the temporal variation of biogeochemical conditions in freshwater ecosystems, and yet we know little about how these complex microbial communities change over time (aka succession), and from different initial conditions, in comparison to other stream communities. This has resulted in limited knowledge on how biofilm community structure and microbial colonization vary over relevant time scales to become mature biofilms capable of significant alteration of the freshwater environment in which they live. Here, we monitored successional trajectories of biofilm communities from summer and winter in a headwater stream and evaluated their structural state over time by DNA high-throughput sequencing. Significant differences in biofilm composition were observed when microbial colonization started in the summer vs. winter seasons, with higher percentage of algae (Bacillariophyta) and Bacteroidetes in winter-initiated samples but higher abundance of Proteobacteria (e.g., Rhizobiales, Rhodobacterales, Sphingomonadales, and Burkholderiales), Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi in summer-initiated samples. Interestingly, results showed that despite seasonal effects on early biofilm succession, biofilm community structures converged after 70 days, suggesting the existence of a stable, mature community in the stream that is independent of the environmental conditions during biofilm colonization. Overall, our results show that algae are important in the early development of biofilm communities during winter, while heterotrophic bacteria play a more critical role during summer colonization and development of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, United States
| | - Marc Peipoch
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinjun Kan
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jinjun Kan,
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9
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Vieira HH, Bagatini IL, de Moraes GP, Freitas RM, Sarmento H, Bertilsson S, Vieira AAH. Regional factors as major drivers for microbial community turnover in tropical cascading reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:831716. [PMID: 36060758 PMCID: PMC9434106 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.831716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The turnover of microbial communities across space is dictated by local and regional factors. Locally, selection shapes community assembly through biological interactions between organisms and the environment, while regional factors influence microbial dispersion patterns. Methods used to disentangle the effects of local and regional factors typically do not aim to identify ecological processes underlying the turnover. In this paper, we identified and quantified these processes for three operational microbial subcommunities (cyanobacteria, particle-attached, and free-living bacteria) from a tropical cascade of freshwater reservoirs with decreasing productivity, over two markedly different dry and rainy seasons. We hypothesized that during the dry season communities would mainly be controlled by selection shaped by the higher environmental heterogeneity that results from low hydrological flow and connectivity between reservoirs. We expected highly similar communities shaped by dispersal and a more homogenized environment during the rainy season, enhanced by increased flow rates. Even if metacommunities were largely controlled by regional events in both periods, the selection had more influence on free-living communities during the dry period, possibly related to elevated dissolved organic carbon concentration, while drift as a purely stochastic factor, had more influence on cyanobacterial communities. Each subcommunity had distinct patterns of turnover along the cascade related to diversity (Cyanobacteria), lifestyle and size (Free-living), and spatial dynamics (particle-attached).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Henriques Vieira
- Hydrobiologický ústav, Biologické cenrum AV ČR, v.v.i, .České Budějovice, Czechia
- Post-graduation Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN – CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inessa Lacativa Bagatini
- Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pavan de Moraes
- Post-graduation Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN – CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Phycology, Department of Botany, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta Mafra Freitas
- Post-graduation Program in Ecology and Natural Resources (PPGERN – CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Biodiversity, Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Laboratory of Microbial Processes and Biodiversity, Department of Hydrobiology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Li S, Abdulkadir N, Schattenberg F, Nunes da Rocha U, Grimm V, Müller S, Liu Z. Stabilizing microbial communities by looped mass transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2117814119. [PMID: 35446625 PMCID: PMC9169928 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2117814119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Building and changing a microbiome at will and maintaining it over hundreds of generations has so far proven challenging. Despite best efforts, complex microbiomes appear to be susceptible to large stochastic fluctuations. Current capabilities to assemble and control stable complex microbiomes are limited. Here, we propose a looped mass transfer design that stabilizes microbiomes over long periods of time. Five local microbiomes were continuously grown in parallel for over 114 generations and connected by a loop to a regional pool. Mass transfer rates were altered and microbiome dynamics were monitored using quantitative high-throughput flow cytometry and taxonomic sequencing of whole communities and sorted subcommunities. Increased mass transfer rates reduced local and temporal variation in microbiome assembly, did not affect functions, and overcame stochasticity, with all microbiomes exhibiting high constancy and increasing resistance. Mass transfer synchronized the structures of the five local microbiomes and nestedness of certain cell types was eminent. Mass transfer increased cell number and thus decreased net growth rates μ′. Subsets of cells that did not show net growth μ′SCx were rescued by the regional pool R and thus remained part of the microbiome. The loop in mass transfer ensured the survival of cells that would otherwise go extinct, even if they did not grow in all local microbiomes or grew more slowly than the actual dilution rate D would allow. The rescue effect, known from metacommunity theory, was the main stabilizing mechanism leading to synchrony and survival of subcommunities, despite differences in cell physiological properties, including growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nafi'u Abdulkadir
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Schattenberg
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulisses Nunes da Rocha
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susann Müller
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zishu Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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11
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Environmental Factors Drive Periphytic Algal Community Assembly in the Largest Long-Distance Water Diversion Channel. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Periphytic algae exist widely in different waters. However, little is known about periphytic algae in long-distance water diversion channels across watersheds. We investigated the periphytic algae and the environmental factors at twenty sampling sites in the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (MRP). The dominant species were Desmodesmus intermedius (Hegewald), Calothrix thermalis (Bornet & Flahault), Calothrix parietina (Bornet & Flahault) and Leptolyngbya benthonica (Anagnostidis) (dominance > 0.02) as measured in a whole year. Habitat heterogeneity in the MRP led to lower spatial heterogeneity and higher temporal heterogeneity of the periphytic algal community. Stochastic processes are the major process in periphytic community assembly. In deterministic processes, homogeneous selection had the major role in structuring the periphytic community, whereas the role of heterogeneous selection was less significant. In stochastic processes, dispersal limitations had the major role in structuring the periphytic community, whereas the role of homogenizing dispersal and drift were less significant. The variation in total nitrogen and total phosphorus promoted more stochastic processes (−1.96 < βNTI < 1.96). The variations in water temperature and water velocity promoted more heterogeneous selection (βNTI > 1.96). In integrating all of this empirical evidence, we explore the role of environmental factors in the action of ecological processes shaping thecommunity assembly of the periphytic algal community.
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12
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Pineda A, Bortolini JC, Rodrigues LC. Effects of space and environment on phytoplankton distribution in subtropical reservoirs depend on functional features of the species. AQUATIC SCIENCES 2021; 84:5. [PMID: 34866861 PMCID: PMC8626749 DOI: 10.1007/s00027-021-00837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors and dispersal can influence the structure of biological communities. Their effects can depend on the functional features of the species in the community. Since species belonging to the same trophic level, such as phytoplankton, may show functional differences, we investigated whether the effects of environment and dispersal differ among phytoplankton species from different functional groups. We analyzed data from a rainy and a dry period in 30 reservoirs in a subtropical region. In both periods, the environment as well as high and limited dispersal influenced the metacommunity structure. The functional groups had a low correspondence in their response to both dispersal and environment. Our results showed that the influence of the processes underlying the structure of the metacommunities, such as species sorting (environment influence), mass effect (high dispersal), and neutral dynamics (limited dispersal), depended on the functional characteristics of the organisms and could vary even among species of the same trophic level. These findings suggested that species at the same trophic level could not be considered ecological equivalents. This paper includes a Portuguese and Spanish version of the abstract in the online resources. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00027-021-00837-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Pineda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Comparada-PGB, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Maringá, PR Brazil
| | - Jascieli Carla Bortolini
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, GO Brazil
| | - Luzia Cleide Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais-PEA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Maringá, PR Brazil
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia e Aquicultura-Nupélia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá-UEM, Maringá, PR Brazil
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13
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Zhang J, Chen Y, Huo Y, Guo J, Wan L, Lu Z, Wu QL, Jeppesen E, Han BP, Ren L. Eutrophication increases deterministic processes and heterogeneity of co-occurrence networks of bacterioplankton metacommunity assembly at a regional scale in tropical coastal reservoirs. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 202:117460. [PMID: 34343871 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding microbial metacommunity assembly and the underlying methanisms are fundamental objectives of aquatic ecology. However, little is known about how eutrophication, the primary water quality issue of aquatic ecosystems, regulates bacterioplankton metacommunity assembly at a regional scale in reservoirs. In this study, we applied a metacommunity framework to study bacterioplankton communities in 210 samples collected from 42 tropical coastal reservoirs in the wet summer season. We found that the spatial pattern of bacterioplankton community compositions (BCCs) at a regional scale was shaped mainly by species sorting. The reservoir trophic state index (TSI) was the key determinant of bacterioplankton metacommunity assembly. BCC turnover increased significantly with the TSI differences between sites (∆TSI) when ∆TSI was < 20, but remained at a level of about 80% when ∆TSI was > 20. Compared to oligo-mesotrophic and mesotrophic reservoirs, increased heterogeneity of co-occurrence bacterioplankton networks and bacterioplankton β-diversity were observed across eutrophic reservoirs. We propose that larger variation in phytoplankton community assembly may play directly or indirectly deterministic processes in controlling the bacterioplankton metacommunity assembly and became the potential mechanisms behind the observed higher BCC heterogeneity across the eutrophic reservoirs. Our research contributes to a broader understanding of the ecological effects of eutrophication on reservoir ecosystems and provides clues to the management of the tropical coastal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiexiang Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Linglin Wan
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhe Lu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qinglong L Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli-Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lijuan Ren
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Zheng X, Zhang K, Yang T, He Z, Shu L, Xiao F, Wu Y, Wang B, Yu H, Yan Q. Sediment resuspension drives protist metacommunity structure and assembly in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella) aquaculture ponds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142840. [PMID: 33757250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protists in aquaculture ponds are key components associated with primary productivity, nutrient cycling, and fish healthy. However, the protist metacommunity diversity, as well as the ecological and environmental factors that structure protist metacommunity in aquaculture ponds remain poorly understood. This study examined protist metacommunities in water and sediment of larval, small juvenile and large juvenile grass carp ponds. The results indicated sediment resuspension became stronger with the increased fish size, which led to high levels of total suspended solids and nitrogen but low levels of phosphate, chlorophyll a and transparency in water. Moreover, sediment resuspension subsequently increased the alpha diversity indexes (i.e., OTU number, Shannon index and Simpson index) of protist communities in water and sediment. Meanwhile, sediment resuspension increased the relative abundance of heterotrophic Ciliophora and Cercozoa, but decreased the relative abundance of autotrophic Chlorophyta, Stramenopiles X, and Ochrophyta. Besides, some mixotrophic and heterotrophic protists showed competitive advantages in the turbidity water, which led to the increase of negative interactions in the protist co-occurrence networks. Based on the null model, sediment resuspension strengthened homogeneous selection (deterministic process) and weakened dispersal limitation (stochastic process) processes of protist community assembly. Indeed, protist community dissimilarity within each local community and each habitat (water or sediment) both decreased while the community dissimilarity between habitats increased with the increase of fish size. Therefore, sediment resuspension did not enhance the dispersal path between water and sediment, but decreased the dispersal limitation within sediment and water coupled with the strengthening of environmental selection. These results indicated that grass carp could restructure the protist metacommunity in aquaculture ponds through bottom up way of sediment resuspension. This study advances our understanding of the relationship between fish and protist metacommunity assembly in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Zheng
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tony Yang
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK, Canada
| | - Zhili He
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Longfei Shu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fanshu Xiao
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongjie Wu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binhao Wang
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huang Yu
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Vass M, Székely AJ, Lindström ES, Osman OA, Langenheder S. Warming mediates the resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion during community coalescence. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1345-1356. [PMID: 33448073 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The immigration history of communities can profoundly affect community composition. For instance, early-arriving species can have a lasting effect on community structure by reducing the invasion success of late-arriving ones through priority effects. This can be particularly important when early-arriving communities coalesce with another community during dispersal (mixing) events. However, the outcome of such community coalescence is unknown as we lack knowledge on how different factors influence the persistence of early-arriving communities and the invasion success of late-arriving taxa. Therefore, we implemented a full-factorial experiment with aquatic bacteria where temperature and dispersal rate of a better adapted community were manipulated to test their joint effects on the resistance of early-arriving communities to invasion, both at community and population level. Our 16S rRNA gene sequencing-based results showed that invasion success of better adapted late-arriving bacteria equaled or even exceeded what we expected based on the dispersal ratios of the recipient and invading communities suggesting limited priority effects on the community level. Patterns detected at the population level, however, showed that resistance of aquatic bacteria to invasion might be strengthened by warming as higher temperatures (a) increased the sum of relative abundances of persistent bacteria in the recipient communities, and (b) restricted the total relative abundance of successfully established late-arriving bacteria. Warming-enhanced resistance, however, was not always found and its strengths differed between recipient communities and dispersal rates. Nevertheless, our findings highlight the potential role of warming in mitigating the effects of invasion at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Vass
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna J Székely
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva S Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Omneya A Osman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Fillinger L, Hug K, Griebler C. Aquifer recharge viewed through the lens of microbial community ecology: Initial disturbance response, and impacts of species sorting versus mass effects on microbial community assembly in groundwater during riverbank filtration. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116631. [PMID: 33217664 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration has gained increasing importance for balancing rising groundwater demands and securing drinking water supplies. While microbial communities are the pillar of vital ecosystem functions in groundwater, the impact of riverbank filtration on these communities has been understudied so far. Here, we followed changes in microbial community composition based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) in an initially pristine shallow porous aquifer in response to surface water intrusion during the early stages of induced riverbank filtration over a course of seven weeks. We further analyzed sediment cores for imprints of river-derived ASVs after seven weeks of riverbank filtration. The onset of the surface water intrusion caused loss of taxa and significant changes in community composition, revealing low disturbance resistance of the initial aquifer microbial communities. SourceTracker analysis revealed that proportions of river-derived ASVs in the groundwater were generally <25%, but locally could reach up to 62% during a period of intense precipitation. However, variation partitioning showed that the impact of dispersal of river-derived ASVs on changes in aquifer microbial community composition was overall outweighed by species sorting due to changes in environmental conditions caused by the infiltrating river water. Proportions of river-derived ASVs on aquifer sediments were <0.5%, showing that taxa transported from the river into the aquifer over the course of the study mainly resided as planktonic microorganisms in the groundwater. Our study demonstrates that groundwater microbial communities react sensitively to changes in environmental conditions caused by surface water intrusion, whereas mass effects resulting from the influx of river-derived taxa play a comparatively minor role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fillinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Hug
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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17
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Huber P, Metz S, Unrein F, Mayora G, Sarmento H, Devercelli M. Environmental heterogeneity determines the ecological processes that govern bacterial metacommunity assembly in a floodplain river system. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2951-2966. [PMID: 32719401 PMCID: PMC7784992 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
How diversity is structured has been a central goal of microbial ecology. In freshwater ecosystems, selection has been found to be the main driver shaping bacterial communities. However, its relative importance compared with other processes (dispersal, drift, diversification) may depend on spatial heterogeneity and the dispersal rates within a metacommunity. Still, a decrease in the role of selection is expected with increasing dispersal homogenization. Here, we investigate the main ecological processes modulating bacterial assembly in contrasting scenarios of environmental heterogeneity. We carried out a spatiotemporal survey in the floodplain system of the Paraná River. The bacterioplankton metacommunity was studied using both statistical inferences based on phylogenetic and taxa turnover as well as co-occurrence networks. We found that selection was the main process determining community assembly even at both extremes of environmental heterogeneity and homogeneity, challenging the general view that the strength of selection is weakened due to dispersal homogenization. The ecological processes acting on the community also determined the connectedness of bacterial networks associations. Heterogeneous selection promoted more interconnected networks increasing β-diversity. Finally, spatiotemporal heterogeneity was an important factor determining the number and identity of the most highly connected taxa in the system. Integrating all these empirical evidences, we propose a new conceptual model that elucidates how the environmental heterogeneity determines the action of the ecological processes shaping the bacterial metacommunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Huber
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, C. P. 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Sebastian Metz
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CP 7130, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Unrein
- Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (INTECH), UNSAM-CONICET, Intendente Marino Km 8.2, CP 7130, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, C. P. 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Departamento de Hydrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luiz, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Melina Devercelli
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas - Universidad Nacional del Litoral, (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, C. P. 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Schulhof MA, Allen AE, Allen EE, Mladenov N, McCrow JP, Jones NT, Blanton J, Cavalheri HB, Kaul D, Symons CC, Shurin JB. Sierra Nevada mountain lake microbial communities are structured by temperature, resources and geographic location. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2080-2093. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marika A. Schulhof
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla CA USA
| | - Eric E. Allen
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Natalie Mladenov
- Department of Civil, Construction, & Environmental Engineering San Diego State University San Diego CA USA
| | - John P. McCrow
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla CA USA
| | - Natalie T. Jones
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Jessica Blanton
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Hamanda B. Cavalheri
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
| | - Drishti Kaul
- Department of Microbial and Environmental Genomics J. Craig Venter Institute La Jolla CA USA
| | - Celia C. Symons
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA
| | - Jonathan B. Shurin
- Division of Biological Sciences University of California San Diego La Jolla CA USA
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19
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Ecological and Evolutionary Processes Shaping Viral Genetic Diversity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030220. [PMID: 30841497 PMCID: PMC6466605 DOI: 10.3390/v11030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The contemporary genomic diversity of viruses is a result of the continuous and dynamic interaction of past ecological and evolutionary processes. Thus, genome sequences of viruses can be a valuable source of information about these processes. In this review, we first describe the relevant processes shaping viral genomic variation, with a focus on the role of host–virus coevolution and its potential to give rise to eco-evolutionary feedback loops. We further give a brief overview of available methodology designed to extract information about these processes from genomic data. Short generation times and small genomes make viruses ideal model systems to study the joint effect of complex coevolutionary and eco-evolutionary interactions on genetic evolution. This complexity, together with the diverse array of lifetime and reproductive strategies in viruses ask for extensions of existing inference methods, for example by integrating multiple information sources. Such integration can broaden the applicability of genetic inference methods and thus further improve our understanding of the role viruses play in biological communities.
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20
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Hu A, Li S, Zhang L, Wang H, Yang J, Luo Z, Rashid A, Chen S, Huang W, Yu CP. Prokaryotic footprints in urban water ecosystems: A case study of urban landscape ponds in a coastal city, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1729-1739. [PMID: 30064876 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The urban water ecosystems, such as the landscape ponds are commonly considered under the influence of anthropogenic disturbances, which can lead to the deterioration of the water quality. The prokaryotic communities are considered as one of the best indicators of the water quality. However, there are significant gaps in understanding the ecological processes that shape the composition and function of prokaryotic communities in the urban water ecosystems. Here, we investigated the biogeographic distribution of prokaryotic assemblages in water environments including landscape ponds, drinking water reservoirs, influents (IFs) and effluents (EFs) of wastewater treatment plants of a coastal city (Xiamen), China, by using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing. Our results indicated that the ponds had higher α-diversity of prokaryotic communities than those in the reservoirs, while there were significant variations in the community compositions among ponds, reservoirs, IFs and EFs. Moreover, ponds harbored a significantly higher proportion of sewage- and fecal-indicator taxa than those in the reservoirs, suggesting the occurrence of exogenous pollution in the urban ponds. Null model analysis revealed that dispersal limitation was the main ecological processes resulting in the divergence of prokaryotic community compositions between ponds and other environments, while dispersal limitation and variable selection played an essential role in the formation of unique prokaryotic assemblages in the reservoirs. Function predication analysis demonstrated that the ponds shared more similar functional profiles with IFs or EFs (e.g., chemoheterotrophy, fermentation, chlorate reducers, nitrate reduction and respiration) than the reservoirs, whereas dominance of photoautotrophy was observed in the reservoirs. Overall, this study provides a profound insight of the ecological mechanisms underlying the responses of prokaryotic communities in the urban landscape ponds to the anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhuanxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shaoqing Chen
- Village Planning and Construction Management Station of Jimei District, Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Xinglin Construction and Development Co. LTD., Xiamen 361022, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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21
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Shen D, Langenheder S, Jürgens K. Dispersal Modifies the Diversity and Composition of Active Bacterial Communities in Response to a Salinity Disturbance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2188. [PMID: 30294307 PMCID: PMC6159742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal can influence the response of bacterial communities to environmental changes and disturbances. However, the extent to which dispersal contributes to the community response in dependence of the character and strength of the disturbance remains unclear. Here, we conducted a transplant experiment using dialysis bags in which bacterioplankton originating from brackish and marine regions of the Saint Lawrence Estuary were reciprocally incubated in the two environments for 5 days. Dispersal treatments were set-up by subjecting half of the microcosms in each environment to an exchange of cells between the marine and brackish assemblages at a daily exchange rate of 6% (v/v), and the other half of microcosms were kept as the non-dispersal treatments. Bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing was then used to examine the diversity and composition of the active communities. Alpha diversity of the marine communities that were exposed to the brackish environment was elevated greatly by dispersal, but declined in the absence of dispersal. This indicates that dispersal compensated the loss of diversity in the marine communities after a disturbance by introducing bacterial taxa that were able to thrive and coexist with the remaining community members under brackish conditions. On the contrary, alpha diversity of the brackish communities was not affected by dispersal in either environment. Furthermore, dispersal led to an increase in similarity between marine and brackish communities in both of the environments, with a greater similarity when the communities were incubated in the brackish environment. These results suggest that the higher initial diversity in the brackish than in the marine starting community made the resident community less susceptible to dispersing bacteria. Altogether, this study shows that dispersal modifies the diversity and composition of the active communities in response to a salinity disturbance, and enables the local adjustment of specific bacteria under brackish environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Shen
- Section of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetic/Limnology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Section of Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Warnemünde, Germany
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22
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Antiqueira PAP, Petchey OL, Dos Santos VP, de Oliveira VM, Romero GQ. Environmental change and predator diversity drive alpha and beta diversity in freshwater macro and microorganisms. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3715-3728. [PMID: 29772087 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global biodiversity is eroding due to anthropogenic causes, such as climate change, habitat loss, and trophic simplification of biological communities. Most studies address only isolated causes within a single group of organisms; however, biological groups of different trophic levels may respond in particular ways to different environmental impacts. Our study used natural microcosms to investigate the predicted individual and interactive effects of warming, changes in top predator diversity, and habitat size on the alpha and beta diversity of macrofauna, microfauna, and bacteria. Alpha diversity (i.e., richness within each bromeliad) generally explained a larger proportion of the gamma diversity (partitioned in alpha and beta diversity). Overall, dissimilarity between communities occurred due to species turnover and not species loss (nestedness). Nevertheless, the three biological groups responded differently to each environmental stressor. Microfauna were the most sensitive group, with alpha and beta diversity being affected by environmental changes (warming and habitat size) and trophic structure (diversity of top predators). Macrofauna alpha and beta diversity was sensitive to changes in predator diversity and habitat size, but not warming. In contrast, the bacterial community was not influenced by the treatments. The community of each biological group was not mutually concordant with the environmental and trophic changes. Our results demonstrate that distinct anthropogenic impacts differentially affect the components of macro and microorganism diversity through direct and indirect effects (i.e., bottom-up and top-down effects). Therefore, a multitrophic and multispecies approach is necessary to assess the effects of different anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Augusto P Antiqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Owen L Petchey
- Department for Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Piccin Dos Santos
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Maia de Oliveira
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas, Paulínia, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Quevedo Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia (IB), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change (Rede Clima), São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Benito X, Fritz SC, Steinitz‐Kannan M, Vélez MI, McGlue MM. Lake regionalization and diatom metacommunity structuring in tropical South America. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:7865-7878. [PMID: 30250669 PMCID: PMC6145031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lakes and their topological distribution across Earth's surface impose ecological and evolutionary constraints on aquatic metacommunities. In this study, we group similar lake ecosystems as metacommunity units influencing diatom community structure. We assembled a database of 195 lakes from the tropical Andes and adjacent lowlands (8°N-30°S and 58-79°W) with associated environmental predictors to examine diatom metacommunity patterns at two different levels: taxon and functional (deconstructed species matrix by ecological guilds). We also derived spatial variables that inherently assessed the relative role of dispersal. Using complementary multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, nonmetric multidimensional scaling, Procrustes, variance partitioning), we examined diatom-environment relationships among different lake habitats (sediment surface, periphyton, and plankton) and partitioned community variation to evaluate the influence of niche- and dispersal-based assembly processes in diatom metacommunity structure across lake clusters. The results showed a significant association between geographic clusters of lakes based on gradients of climate and landscape configuration and diatom assemblages. Six lake clusters distributed along a latitudinal gradient were identified as functional metacommunity units for diatom communities. Variance partitioning revealed that dispersal mechanisms were a major contributor to diatom metacommunity structure, but in a highly context-dependent fashion across lake clusters. In the Andean Altiplano and adjacent lowlands of Bolivia, diatom metacommunities are niche assembled but constrained by either dispersal limitation or mass effects, resulting from area, environmental heterogeneity, and ecological guild relationships. Topographic heterogeneity played an important role in structuring planktic diatom metacommunities. We emphasize the value of a guild-based metacommunity model linked to dispersal for elucidating mechanisms underlying latitudinal gradients in distribution. Our findings reveal the importance of shifts in ecological drivers across climatic and physiographically distinct lake clusters, providing a basis for comparison of broad-scale community gradients in lake-rich regions elsewhere. This may help guide future research to explore evolutionary constraints on the rich Neotropical benthic diatom species pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Benito
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraska
| | - Sherilyn C. Fritz
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska–LincolnLincolnNebraska
| | | | | | - Michael M. McGlue
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentucky
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24
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McLeish MJ, Fraile A, García-Arenal F. Ecological Complexity in Plant Virus Host Range Evolution. Adv Virus Res 2018; 101:293-339. [PMID: 29908592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The host range of a plant virus is the number of species in which it can reproduce. Most studies of plant virus host range evolution have focused on the genetics of host-pathogen interactions. However, the distribution and abundance of plant viruses and their hosts do not always overlap, and these spatial and temporal discontinuities in plant virus-host interactions can result in various ecological processes that shape host range evolution. Recent work shows that the distributions of pathogenic and resistant genotypes, vectors, and other resources supporting transmission vary widely in the environment, producing both expected and unanticipated patterns. The distributions of all of these factors are influenced further by competitive effects, natural enemies, anthropogenic disturbance, the abiotic environment, and herbivory to mention some. We suggest the need for further development of approaches that (i) explicitly consider resource use and the abiotic and biotic factors that affect the strategies by which viruses exploit resources; and (ii) are sensitive across scales. Host range and habitat specificity will largely determine which phyla are most likely to be new hosts, but predicting which host and when it is likely to be infected is enormously challenging because it is unclear how environmental heterogeneity affects the interactions of viruses and hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McLeish
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrícola, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurora Fraile
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrícola, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Arenal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, and E.T.S.I. Agrícola, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Harvey E, Gounand I, Ganesanandamoorthy P, Altermatt F. Spatially cascading effect of perturbations in experimental meta-ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.1496. [PMID: 27629038 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems are linked to neighbouring ecosystems not only by dispersal, but also by the movement of subsidy. Such subsidy couplings between ecosystems have important landscape-scale implications because perturbations in one ecosystem may affect community structure and functioning in neighbouring ecosystems via increased/decreased subsidies. Here, we combine a general theoretical approach based on harvesting theory and a two-patch protist meta-ecosystem experiment to test the effect of regional perturbations on local community dynamics. We first characterized the relationship between the perturbation regime and local population demography on detritus production using a mathematical model. We then experimentally simulated a perturbation gradient affecting connected ecosystems simultaneously, thus altering cross-ecosystem subsidy exchanges. We demonstrate that the perturbation regime can interact with local population dynamics to trigger unexpected temporal variations in subsidy pulses from one ecosystem to another. High perturbation intensity initially led to the highest level of subsidy flows; however, the level of perturbation interacted with population dynamics to generate a crash in subsidy exchange over time. Both theoretical and experimental results show that a perturbation regime interacting with local community dynamics can induce a collapse in population levels for recipient ecosystems. These results call for integrative management of human-altered landscapes that takes into account regional dynamics of both species and resource flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Harvey
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Gounand
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pravin Ganesanandamoorthy
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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26
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Storesund JE, Sandaa RA, Thingstad TF, Asplin L, Albretsen J, Erga SR. Linking bacterial community structure to advection and environmental impact along a coast-fjord gradient of the Sognefjord, western Norway. PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY 2017; 159:13-30. [PMID: 29225381 PMCID: PMC5713631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Here we present novel data on bacterial assemblages along a coast-fjord gradient in the Sognefjord, the deepest (1308 m) and longest (205 km) ice-free fjord in the world. Data were collected on two cruises, one in November 2012, and one in May 2013. Special focus was on the impact of advective processes and how these are reflected in the autochthonous and allochthonous fractions of the bacterial communities. Both in November and May bacterial community composition, determined by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analyses (ARISA), in the surface and intermediate water appeared to be highly related to bacterial communities originating from freshwater runoff and coastal water, whereas the sources in the basin water were mostly unknown. Additionally, the inner part of the Sognefjord was more influenced by side-fjords than the outer part, and changes in bacterial community structure along the coast-fjord gradient generally showed higher correlation with environmental variables than with geographic distances. High resolution model simulations indicated a surprisingly high degree of temporal and spatial variation in both current speed and direction. This led to a more episodic/discontinuous horizontal current pattern, with several vortices (10-20 km wide) being formed from time to time along the fjord. We conclude that during periods of strong wind forcing, advection led to allochthonous species being introduced to the surface and intermediate layers of the fjord, and also appeared to homogenize community composition in the basin water. We also expect vortices to be active mixing zones where inflowing bacterial populations on the southern side of the fjord are mixed with the outflowing populations on the northern side. On average, retention time of the fjord water was sufficient for bacterial communities to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth-Anne Sandaa
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Lars Asplin
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jon Albretsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Research Station, NO-4817 His, Norway
| | - Svein Rune Erga
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway
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27
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Interhost dispersal alters microbiome assembly and can overwhelm host innate immunity in an experimental zebrafish model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:11181-11186. [PMID: 28973938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702511114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse collections of microorganisms associated with humans and other animals, collectively referred to as their "microbiome," are critical for host health, but the mechanisms that govern their assembly are poorly understood. This has made it difficult to identify consistent host factors that explain variation in microbiomes across hosts, despite large-scale sampling efforts. While ecological theory predicts that the movement, or dispersal, of individuals can have profound and predictable consequences on community assembly, its role in the assembly of animal-associated microbiomes remains underexplored. Here, we show that dispersal of microorganisms among hosts can contribute substantially to microbiome variation, and is able to overwhelm the effects of individual host factors, in an experimental test of ecological theory. We manipulated dispersal among wild-type and immune-deficient myd88 knockout zebrafish and observed that interhost dispersal had a large effect on the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiomes. Interhost dispersal was strong enough to overwhelm the effects of host factors, largely eliminating differences between wild-type and immune-deficient hosts, regardless of whether dispersal occurred within or between genotypes, suggesting dispersal can independently alter the ecology of microbiomes. Our observations are consistent with a predictive model that assumes metacommunity dynamics and are likely mediated by dispersal-related microbial traits. These results illustrate the importance of microbial dispersal to animal microbiomes and motivate its integration into the study of host-microbe systems.
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28
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Segovia BT, Dias JD, Cabral AF, Meira BR, Lansac-Tôha FM, Lansac-Tôha FA, Bini LM, Velho LFM. Common and Rare Taxa of Planktonic Ciliates: Influence of Flood Events and Biogeographic Patterns in Neotropical Floodplains. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2017; 74:522-533. [PMID: 28386768 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-017-0974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
After much discussion about the cosmopolitan nature of microbes, the great issue nowadays is to identify at which spatial extent microorganisms may display biogeographic patterns and if temporal variation is important in altering those patterns. Here, planktonic ciliates were sampled from shallow lakes of four Neotropical floodplains, distributed over a spatial extent of ca. 3000 km, during high and low water periods, along with several abiotic and biotic variables potentially affecting the ciliate community. We found that common ciliate species were more associated with environmental gradients and rare species were more related to spatial variables; however, this pattern seemed to change depending on the temporal and spatial scales considered. Environmental gradients were more important in the high waters for both common and rare species. In low waters, common species continued to be mainly driven by environmental conditions, but rare species were more associated with the spatial component, suggesting dispersal limitation likely due to differences in dispersal ability and ecological tolerance of species. We also found that common and rare species were related to different environmental variables, suggesting different ecological niches. At the largest spatial extents, rare species showed clear biogeographic patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Trevizan Segovia
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Déo Dias
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Adalgisa Fernanda Cabral
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Bianca Ramos Meira
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernando Miranda Lansac-Tôha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabio Amodêo Lansac-Tôha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luis Mauricio Bini
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felipe Machado Velho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUPELIA), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Tecnologias Limpas, Centro Universitário Cesumar - UniCesumar/Instituto Cesumar de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (ICETI), Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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29
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Pernthaler J. Competition and niche separation of pelagic bacteria in freshwater habitats. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:2133-2150. [PMID: 28370850 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater bacterioplankton assemblages are composed of sympatric populations that can be delineated, for example, by ribosomal RNA gene relatedness and that differ in key ecophysiological properties. They may be free-living or attached, specialized for particular concentrations or subsets of substrates, or invest a variable amount of their resources in defence traits against protistan predators and viruses. Some may be motile and tactic whereas others are not, with far-reaching implications for their respective life styles and niche partitioning. The co-occurrence of competitors with overlapping growth requirements has profound consequences for the stability of community functions; it can to some extent be explained by habitat factors such as the microscale complexity and spatiotemporal variability of the lacustrine environments. On the other hand, the composition and diversity of freshwater microbial assemblages also reflects non-equilibrium states, dispersal and the stochasticity of community assembly processes. This review synoptically discusses the competition and niche separation of heterotrophic bacterial populations (defined at various levels of phylogenetic resolution) in the pelagic zone of inland surface waters from a variety of angles, focusing on habitat heterogeneity and the resulting biogeographic distribution patterns, the ecophysiological adaptations to the substrate field and the interactions of prokaryotes with predators and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Pernthaler
- Limnological Station Kilchberg, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Leibold MA, Chase JM, Ernest SKM. Community assembly and the functioning of ecosystems: how metacommunity processes alter ecosystems attributes. Ecology 2017; 98:909-919. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathew A. Leibold
- Department of Integrative Biology 2415 Speedway #C0930, University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 USA
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany
- Department of Computer Science Martin Luther University Halle Germany
| | - S. K. Morgan Ernest
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation 110 Newins‐Ziegler Hall PO Box 110430, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 84322 USA
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31
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Limberger R, Birtel J, Farias DDS, Matthews B. Ecosystem flux and biotic modification as drivers of metaecosystem dynamics. Ecology 2017; 98:1082-1092. [PMID: 28112404 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The fluxes of energy, matter, and organisms are important structuring forces of metaecosystems. Such ecosystem fluxes likely interact with environmental heterogeneity and differentially affect the diversity of multiple communities. In an aquatic mesocosm experiment, we tested how ecosystem flux and patch heterogeneity affected the diversity of bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton metacommunities, and the structure and functioning of metaecosystems. We built metaecosystems consisting of three mesocosms that were either connected by flux of living organisms, organic material, and nutrients (alive ecosystem flux) or only by flux of organic material and nutrients (dead ecosystem flux). The three patches of each metaecosystem were either homogeneous or heterogeneous in nutrient loading. We found that the three groups of organisms responded differently to our treatments: flux of living organisms increased bacterial diversity irrespective of nutrient heterogeneity, while flux effects on phytoplankton diversity depended on nutrient heterogeneity, potentially indicating source-sink effects. Although zooplankton diversity was largely unaffected by our manipulations, subtle changes of community composition in response to ecosystem flux had strong effects on lower trophic levels, highlighting the importance of indirect flux effects via alterations in trophic interactions. Furthermore, differential effects of communities on the mean and spatial variability of local abiotic environments influenced the development of metaecosystem heterogeneity through time. Despite identical nutrient loading at the scale of the metaecosystem, abiotic conditions diverged between homogeneous and heterogeneous metaecosystems. For example, concentrations in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were higher in homogeneous than heterogeneous metaecosystems, possibly because of differential responses of the algal community to local environmental conditions. Similarly, we found that flux effects on organisms translated into effects on DOC concentrations at the patch level, suggesting that flux-mediated changes in abundances of species can alter abiotic conditions. Our study shows that the dynamics of biotic and abiotic compartments of spatially structured ecosystems are intricately linked, highlighting the importance of integrating metacommunity and metaecosystem perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Limberger
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, 6047 Switzerland
| | - Julia Birtel
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, 6047 Switzerland
| | - Daniel D S Farias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Universidade Federal do Estado Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-240 Brazil
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, 6047 Switzerland
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32
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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33
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Gianuca AT, Declerck SAJ, Lemmens P, De Meester L. Effects of dispersal and environmental heterogeneity on the replacement and nestedness components of β-diversity. Ecology 2017; 98:525-533. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andros T. Gianuca
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; KU Leuven; Charles Deberiostraat 32 B 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Steven A. J. Declerck
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW); P.O. Box 50 6700AB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Lemmens
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; KU Leuven; Charles Deberiostraat 32 B 3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation; KU Leuven; Charles Deberiostraat 32 B 3000 Leuven Belgium
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34
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Comte J, Langenheder S, Berga M, Lindström ES. Contribution of different dispersal sources to the metabolic response of lake bacterioplankton following a salinity change. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:251-260. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Comte
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/LimnologyEvolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D, 75236Uppsala Sweden
- Environment and Climate Change Canada ‐ Canada Centre for Inland WatersWatershed Hydrology and Ecology Research Division‐Water Science and TechnologyBurlingtonON L7S 1A1Canada
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/LimnologyEvolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D, 75236Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/LimnologyEvolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D, 75236Uppsala Sweden
- Biological Oceanography, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research18119 Rostock Warnemünde (IOW), Seestraße 15 Germany
| | - Eva S. Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/LimnologyEvolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala UniversityNorbyvägen 18 D, 75236Uppsala Sweden
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35
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Birtel J, Matthews B. Grazers structure the bacterial and algal diversity of aquatic metacommunities. Ecology 2016; 97:3472-3484. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Birtel
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag; Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum Luzern Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences (D-USYS); Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH); Zürich Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Aquatic Ecology; Eawag; Seestrasse 79, 6047 Kastanienbaum Luzern Switzerland
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36
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Effects of dispersal and selection on stochastic assembly in microbial communities. ISME JOURNAL 2016; 11:176-185. [PMID: 27494293 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stochastic processes can play an important role in microbial community assembly. Dispersal limitation is one process that can increase stochasticity and obscure relationships between environmental variables and microbial community composition, but the relationship between dispersal, selection and stochasticity has not been described in a comprehensive way. We examine how dispersal and its interactions with drift and selection alter the consistency with which microbial communities assemble using a realistic, individual-based model of microbial decomposers. Communities were assembled under different environmental conditions and dispersal rates in repeated simulations, and we examined the compositional difference among replicate communities colonizing the same type of leaf litter ('within-group distance'), as well as between-group deterministic selection. Dispersal rates below 25% turnover per year resulted in high within-group distance among communities and no significant environmental effects. As dispersal limitation was alleviated, both within- and between-group distance decreased, but despite this homogenization, deterministic environmental effects remained significant. In addition to direct effects of dispersal rate, stochasticity of community composition was influenced by an interaction between dispersal and selection strength. Specifically, communities experiencing stronger selection (less favorable litter chemistries) were more stochastic, possibly because lower biomass and richness intensified drift or priority effects. Overall, we show that dispersal rate can significantly alter patterns of community composition. Partitioning the effects of dispersal, selection and drift based on static patterns of microbial composition will be difficult, if not impossible. Experiments will be required to tease apart these complex interactions between assembly processes shaping microbial communities.
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37
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Horváth Z, Vad CF, Ptacnik R. Wind dispersal results in a gradient of dispersal limitation and environmental match among discrete aquatic habitats. ECOGRAPHY 2016; 39:726-732. [PMID: 28529408 PMCID: PMC5438046 DOI: 10.1111/ecog.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Directional dispersal by wind and other dispersal agents may generate spatial patterns in passively dispersing metacommunities which cannot be detected by classical eigenvector methods based on Euclidean distances. We analysed zooplankton communities (Rotifera, Cladocera, Copepoda) in a cluster of soda pans distributed over a short spatial scale of 18 km and tested explicitly for directional signals in their spatial configuration. The study area is exposed to a prevailing northwestern wind direction. By applying asymmetric eigenvector maps (AEM), we were able to identify corresponding directionality in the spatial structure of communities. Furthermore, the match between community composition and environmental conditions exhibited a spatial pattern consistent with the prevailing wind corridor, with best match found downwind the dominant wind direction. We also found that classical eigenvector methods based on Euclidean distances underestimated the role of spatial processes in our data. Our study furthermore shows that dispersal limitation may constrain community assembly in highly mobile organisms even at spatial scales below 5 km.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Horváth
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Csaba F Vad
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Robert Ptacnik
- WasserCluster Lunz, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, AT-3293, Lunz am See, Austria
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38
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Zha Y, Berga M, Comte J, Langenheder S. Effects of Dispersal and Initial Diversity on the Composition and Functional Performance of Bacterial Communities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155239. [PMID: 27182596 PMCID: PMC4868275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural communities are open systems and consequently dispersal can play an important role for the diversity, composition and functioning of communities at the local scale. It is, however, still unclear how effects of dispersal differ depending on the initial diversity of local communities. Here we implemented an experiment where we manipulated the initial diversity of natural freshwater bacterioplankton communities using a dilution-to-extinction approach as well as dispersal from a regional species pool. The aim was further to test whether dispersal effects on bacterial abundance and functional parameters (average community growth rates, respiration rates, substrate utilisation ability) differ in dependence of the initial diversity of the communities. First of all, we found that both initial diversity and dispersal rates had an effect on the recruitment of taxa from a regional source, which was higher in communities with low initial diversity and at higher rates of dispersal. Higher initial diversity and dispersal also promoted higher levels of richness and evenness in local communities and affected, both, separately or interactively, the functional performance of communities. Our study therefore suggests that dispersal can influence the diversity, composition and functioning of bacterial communities and that this effect may be enhanced if the initial diversity of communities is depleted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Zha
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Comte
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Oloo F, Valverde A, Quiroga MV, Vikram S, Cowan D, Mataloni G. Habitat heterogeneity and connectivity shape microbial communities in South American peatlands. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25712. [PMID: 27162086 PMCID: PMC4861955 DOI: 10.1038/srep25712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria play critical roles in peatland ecosystems. However, very little is known of how habitat heterogeneity affects the structure of the bacterial communities in these ecosystems. Here, we used amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA and nifH genes to investigate phylogenetic diversity and bacterial community composition in three different sub-Antarctic peat bog aquatic habitats: Sphagnum magellanicum interstitial water, and water from vegetated and non-vegetated pools. Total and putative nitrogen-fixing bacterial communities from Sphagnum interstitial water differed significantly from vegetated and non-vegetated pool communities (which were colonized by the same bacterial populations), probably as a result of differences in water chemistry and biotic interactions. Total bacterial communities from pools contained typically aquatic taxa, and were more dissimilar in composition and less species rich than those from Sphagnum interstitial waters (which were enriched in taxa typically from soils), probably reflecting the reduced connectivity between the former habitats. These results show that bacterial communities in peatland water habitats are highly diverse and structured by multiple concurrent factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Oloo
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Angel Valverde
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - María Victoria Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas-Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (IIB-INTECH), Universidad Nacional de San Martín - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - Surendra Vikram
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Don Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gabriela Mataloni
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Grainger TN, Gilbert B. Dispersal and diversity in experimental metacommunities: linking theory and practice. OIKOS 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Nahanni Grainger
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Univ. of Toronto; 25 Willcocks Street Toronto ON, M5S 3B2 Canada
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41
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Ferrari BC, Bissett A, Snape I, van Dorst J, Palmer AS, Ji M, Siciliano SD, Stark JS, Winsley T, Brown MV. Geological connectivity drives microbial community structure and connectivity in polar, terrestrial ecosystems. Environ Microbiol 2015; 18:1834-49. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belinda C. Ferrari
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; UNSW Australia; Randwick NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Andrew Bissett
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship; PO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Ian Snape
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability; Environment, Water, Population and Communities; 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia
| | - Josie van Dorst
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; UNSW Australia; Randwick NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Anne S. Palmer
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability; Environment, Water, Population and Communities; 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia
| | - Mukan Ji
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; UNSW Australia; Randwick NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Steven D. Siciliano
- Department of Soil Science; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Jonathon S. Stark
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability; Environment, Water, Population and Communities; 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia
| | - Tristrom Winsley
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; UNSW Australia; Randwick NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Antarctic Division, Department of Sustainability; Environment, Water, Population and Communities; 203 Channel Highway Kingston Tasmania 7050 Australia
- Department of Soil Science; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Mark V. Brown
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences; UNSW Australia; Randwick NSW 2052 Australia
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42
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Birtel J, Walser JC, Pichon S, Bürgmann H, Matthews B. Estimating bacterial diversity for ecological studies: methods, metrics, and assumptions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125356. [PMID: 25915756 PMCID: PMC4411174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods to estimate microbial diversity have developed rapidly in an effort to understand the distribution and diversity of microorganisms in natural environments. For bacterial communities, the 16S rRNA gene is the phylogenetic marker gene of choice, but most studies select only a specific region of the 16S rRNA to estimate bacterial diversity. Whereas biases derived from from DNA extraction, primer choice and PCR amplification are well documented, we here address how the choice of variable region can influence a wide range of standard ecological metrics, such as species richness, phylogenetic diversity, β-diversity and rank-abundance distributions. We have used Illumina paired-end sequencing to estimate the bacterial diversity of 20 natural lakes across Switzerland derived from three trimmed variable 16S rRNA regions (V3, V4, V5). Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, community composition, β-diversity, and rank-abundance distributions differed significantly between 16S rRNA regions. Overall, patterns of diversity quantified by the V3 and V5 regions were more similar to one another than those assessed by the V4 region. Similar results were obtained when analyzing the datasets with different sequence similarity thresholds used during sequences clustering and when the same analysis was used on a reference dataset of sequences from the Greengenes database. In addition we also measured species richness from the same lake samples using ARISA Fingerprinting, but did not find a strong relationship between species richness estimated by Illumina and ARISA. We conclude that the selection of 16S rRNA region significantly influences the estimation of bacterial diversity and species distributions and that caution is warranted when comparing data from different variable regions as well as when using different sequencing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Birtel
- Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Sciences (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Insitute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Walser
- Genetic Diversity Centre (GDC), Department of Environmental System Sciences (D-USYS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Pichon
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoology and Evolution, Universität Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Eawag, Department of Surface Waters, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
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43
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Petermann JS, Kratina P, Marino NAC, MacDonald AAM, Srivastava DS. Resources alter the structure and increase stochasticity in bromeliad microfauna communities. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118952. [PMID: 25775464 PMCID: PMC4361661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stochastic and deterministic processes have been found to jointly shape structure of natural communities, the relative importance of both forces may vary across different environmental conditions and across levels of biological organization. We tested the effects of abiotic environmental conditions, altered trophic interactions and dispersal limitation on the structure of aquatic microfauna communities in Costa Rican tank bromeliads. Our approach combined natural gradients in environmental conditions with experimental manipulations of bottom-up interactions (resources), top-down interactions (predators) and dispersal at two spatial scales in the field. We found that resource addition strongly increased the abundance and reduced the richness of microfauna communities. Community composition shifted in a predictable way towards assemblages dominated by flagellates and ciliates but with lower abundance and richness of algae and amoebae. While all functional groups responded strongly and predictably to resource addition, similarity among communities at the species level decreased, suggesting a role of stochasticity in species-level assembly processes. Dispersal limitation did not affect the communities. Since our design excluded potential priority effects we can attribute the differences in community similarity to increased demographic stochasticity of resource-enriched communities related to erratic changes in population sizes of some species. In contrast to resources, predators and environmental conditions had negligible effects on community structure. Our results demonstrate that bromeliad microfauna communities are strongly controlled by bottom-up forces. They further suggest that the relative importance of stochasticity may change with productivity and with the organizational level at which communities are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana S. Petermann
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1–3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Pavel Kratina
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. C. Marino
- Department of Ecology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), 7 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, PO Box 68020, Brazil
| | - A. Andrew M. MacDonald
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Diane S. Srivastava
- Department of Zoology & Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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44
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Berga M, Östman Ö, Lindström ES, Langenheder S. Combined effects of zooplankton grazing and dispersal on the diversity and assembly mechanisms of bacterial metacommunities. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2275-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mercè Berga
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Örjan Östman
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Animal Ecology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Eva S. Lindström
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department of Ecology and Genetics; Limnology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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45
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Limberger R, Low-Décarie E, Fussmann GF. Final thermal conditions override the effects of temperature history and dispersal in experimental communities. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:rspb.2014.1540. [PMID: 25186000 PMCID: PMC4173686 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting the effect of climate change on biodiversity is a multifactorial problem that is complicated by potentially interactive effects with habitat properties and altered species interactions. In a microcosm experiment with communities of microalgae, we analysed whether the effect of rising temperature on diversity depended on the initial or the final temperature of the habitat, on the rate of change, on dispersal and on landscape heterogeneity. We also tested whether the response of species to temperature measured in monoculture allowed prediction of the composition of communities under rising temperature. We found that the final temperature of the habitat was the primary driver of diversity in our experimental communities. Species richness declined faster at higher temperatures. The negative effect of warming was not alleviated by a slower rate of warming or by dispersal among habitats and did not depend on the initial temperature. The response of evenness, however, did depend on the rate of change and on the initial temperature. Community composition was not predictable from monoculture assays, but higher fitness inequality (as seen by larger variance in growth rate among species in monoculture at higher temperatures) explained the faster loss of biodiversity with rising temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Limberger
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Etienne Low-Décarie
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Gregor F Fussmann
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Avenue Docteur-Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
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46
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Andersson MGI, Berga M, Lindström ES, Langenheder S. The spatial structure of bacterial communities is influenced by historical environmental conditions. Ecology 2014; 95:1134-40. [PMID: 25000745 DOI: 10.1890/13-1300.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The spatial structure of ecological communities, including that of bacteria, is often influenced by species sorting by contemporary environmental conditions. Moreover, historical processes, i.e., ecological and evolutionary events that have occurred at some point in the past, such as dispersal limitation, drift, priority effects, or selection by past environmental conditions, can be important, but are generally investigated much less. Here, we conducted a field study using 16 rock pools, where we specifically compared the importance of past vs. contemporary environmental conditions for bacterial community structure by correlating present differences in bacterial community composition among pools to environmental conditions measured on the same day, as well as to those measured 2, 4, 6, and 8 d earlier. The results prove that selection by past environmental conditions exists, since we were able to show that bacterial communities are, to a greater extent, an imprint of past compared to contemporary environmental conditions. We suggest that this is the result of a combination of different mechanisms, including priority effects that cause rapid adaptation to new environmental conditions of taxa that have been initially selected by past environmental conditions, and slower rates of turnover in community composition compared to environmental conditions.
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47
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Can marine bacteria be recruited from freshwater sources and the air? ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:2423-30. [PMID: 24906016 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is now clear evidence that microorganisms present biogeographic patterns, yet the processes that create and maintain them are still not well understood. In particular, the contribution of dispersal and its exact impact on local community composition is still unclear. For example, dispersing cells may not thrive in recipient environments, but may still remain part of the local species pool. Here, we experimentally tested if marine bacteria can be retrieved from freshwater communities (pelagic and sediment) and the atmosphere by exposing bacteria from three lakes, that differ in their proximity to the Norwegian Sea, to marine conditions. We found that the percentage of freshwater taxa decreased with increasing salinities, whereas marine taxa increased along the same gradient. Our results further showed that this increase was stronger for lake and sediment compared with air communities. Further, significant increases in the average niche breadth of taxa were found for all sources, and in particular lake water and sediment communities, at higher salinities. Our results therefore suggests that marine taxa can readily grow from freshwater sources, but that the response was likely driven by the growth of habitat generalists that are typically found in marine systems. Finally, there was a greater proportion of marine taxa found in communities originating from the lake closest to the Norwegian Sea. In summary, this study shows that the interplay between bacterial dispersal limitation and dispersal from internal and external sources may have an important role for community recovery in response to environmental change.
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48
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Boon E, Meehan CJ, Whidden C, Wong DHJ, Langille MGI, Beiko RG. Interactions in the microbiome: communities of organisms and communities of genes. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2014; 38:90-118. [PMID: 23909933 PMCID: PMC4298764 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A central challenge in microbial community ecology is the delineation of appropriate units of biodiversity, which can be taxonomic, phylogenetic, or functional in nature. The term 'community' is applied ambiguously; in some cases, the term refers simply to a set of observed entities, while in other cases, it requires that these entities interact with one another. Microorganisms can rapidly gain and lose genes, potentially decoupling community roles from taxonomic and phylogenetic groupings. Trait-based approaches offer a useful alternative, but many traits can be defined based on gene functions, metabolic modules, and genomic properties, and the optimal set of traits to choose is often not obvious. An analysis that considers taxon assignment and traits in concert may be ideal, with the strengths of each approach offsetting the weaknesses of the other. Individual genes also merit consideration as entities in an ecological analysis, with characteristics such as diversity, turnover, and interactions modeled using genes rather than organisms as entities. We identify some promising avenues of research that are likely to yield a deeper understanding of microbial communities that shift from observation-based questions of 'Who is there?' and 'What are they doing?' to the mechanistically driven question of 'How will they respond?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Boon
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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49
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Advection shapes Southern Ocean microbial assemblages independent of distance and environment effects. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2457. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Winter C, Matthews B, Suttle CA. Effects of environmental variation and spatial distance on bacteria, archaea and viruses in sub-polar and arctic waters. THE ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1507-18. [PMID: 23552622 PMCID: PMC3721122 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2013.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the influence of environmental parameters and spatial distance on bacterial, archaeal and viral community composition from 13 sites along a 3200-km long voyage from Halifax to Kugluktuk (Canada) through the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. Variation partitioning was used to disentangle the effects of environmental parameters, spatial distance and spatially correlated environmental parameters on prokaryotic and viral communities. Viral and prokaryotic community composition were related in the Labrador Sea, but were independent of each other in Baffin Bay and the Arctic Archipelago. In oceans, the dominant dispersal mechanism for prokaryotes and viruses is the movement of water masses, thus, dispersal for both groups is passive and similar. Nevertheless, spatial distance explained 7-19% of the variation in viral community composition in the Arctic Archipelago, but was not a significant predictor of bacterial or archaeal community composition in either sampling area, suggesting a decoupling of the processes regulating community composition within these taxonomic groups. According to the metacommunity theory, patterns in bacterial and archaeal community composition suggest a role for species sorting, while patterns of virus community composition are consistent with species sorting in the Labrador Sea and suggest a potential role of mass effects in the Arctic Archipelago. Given that, a specific prokaryotic taxon may be infected by multiple viruses with high reproductive potential, our results suggest that viral community composition was subject to a high turnover relative to prokaryotic community composition in the Arctic Archipelago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Winter
- Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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