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Wang F, Huang H, Wei X, Tan P, Wang Z, Hu Z. Targeting cell death pathways in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury: a comprehensive review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:112. [PMID: 38438362 PMCID: PMC10912430 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a multifaceted pathological process, and there is a lack of clear treatment for intestinal I/R injury. During intestinal I/R, oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by cells can trigger a variety of cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necrosis. These cell death processes can send a danger signal for the body to be damaged and prevent intestinal I/R injury. Therefore, identifying key regulatory molecules or markers of these cell death mechanisms when intestinal I/R injury occurs may provide valuable information for the treatment of intestinal I/R injury. This paper reviews the regulatory molecules and potential markers that may be involved in regulating cell death during intestinal I/R and elaborates on the cell death mechanism of intestinal I/R injury at the molecular level to provide a theoretical basis for discovering new molecules or markers regulating cell death during intestinal I/R injury and provides ideas for drug development for the treatment of intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuguo Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China.
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2
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Díaz-Pérez A, Pérez B, Manich G, García-Aranda J, Navarro X, Penas C, Jiménez-Altayó F. Histone deacetylase inhibition by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid during reperfusion promotes multifaceted brain and vascular protection in spontaneously hypertensive rats with transient ischaemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116287. [PMID: 38382328 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most prevalent modifiable risk factor for stroke and is associated with worse functional outcomes. Pharmacological inhibition of histone deacetylases by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) modulates gene expression and has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to reduce ischaemic brain injury. Here, we have tested the therapeutic potential of SAHA administered during reperfusion in adult male spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO; 90 min occlusion/24 h reperfusion). Animals received a single dose of SAHA (50 mg/kg) or vehicle i.p. at 1, 4, or 6 h after reperfusion onset. The time-course of brain histone H3 acetylation was studied. After tMCAO, drug brain penetrance and beneficial effects on behavioural outcomes, infarct volume, oedema, angiogenesis, blood-brain barrier integrity, cerebral artery oxidative stress and remodelling, and brain and vascular inflammation were evaluated. SAHA increased brain histone H3 acetylation from 1 to 6 h after injection, reaching the ischaemic brain administered during reperfusion. Treatment given at 4 h after reperfusion onset improved neurological score, reduced infarct volume and oedema, attenuated microglial activation, prevented exacerbated MCA angiogenic sprouting and blood-brain barrier breakdown, normalised MCA oxidative stress and remodelling, and modulated brain and cerebrovascular cytokine expression. Overall, we demonstrate that SAHA administered during early reperfusion exerts robust brain and vascular protection after tMCAO in hypertensive rats. These findings are aligned with previous research in ischaemic normotensive mice and help pave the way to optimise the design of clinical trials assessing the effectiveness and safety of SAHA in ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Gemma Manich
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Human Anatomy and Embriology Unit, Department of Morphological Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Julián García-Aranda
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (RED-TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Penas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas (RED-TERAV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutic and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Lee HY, Shamsiev K, Mamadjonov N, Jung YH, Jeung KW, Kim JW, Heo T, Min YI. Effect of Epinephrine Administered during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation on Cerebral Oxygenation after Restoration of Spontaneous Circulation in a Swine Model with a Clinically Relevant Duration of Untreated Cardiac Arrest. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5896. [PMID: 34072754 PMCID: PMC8198967 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Severe neurological impairment was more prevalent in cardiac arrest survivors who were administered epinephrine than in those administered placebo in a randomized clinical trial; short-term reduction of brain tissue O2 tension (PbtO2) after epinephrine administration in swine following a short duration of untreated cardiac arrest has also been reported. We investigated the effects of epinephrine administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on cerebral oxygenation after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a swine model with a clinically relevant duration of untreated cardiac arrest. After 7 min of ventricular fibrillation, 24 pigs randomly received either epinephrine or saline placebo during CPR. Parietal cortex measurements during 60-min post-resuscitation period showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for PbtO2 was smaller in the epinephrine group than in the placebo group during the initial 10-min period and subsequent 50-min period (both p < 0.05). The AUC for number of perfused cerebral capillaries was smaller in the epinephrine group during the initial 10-min period (p = 0.005), but not during the subsequent 50-min period. In conclusion, epinephrine administered during CPR reduced PbtO2 for longer than 10 min following ROSC in a swine model with a clinically relevant duration of untreated cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Youn Lee
- Trauma Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Kamoljon Shamsiev
- Department of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (K.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Najmiddin Mamadjonov
- Department of Medical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (K.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Yong Hun Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (T.H.); (Y.I.M.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Kyung Woon Jeung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (T.H.); (Y.I.M.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chosun University Hospital, 365 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Korea;
| | - Tag Heo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (T.H.); (Y.I.M.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Yong Il Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (Y.H.J.); (T.H.); (Y.I.M.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Korea
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4
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Zhao S, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Huang Y. Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Cyclooxygenases, and Prostanoids in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:784-799. [PMID: 32323554 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions through releasing both vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. The production and function of vasoconstricting factors are largely elevated in hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the major enzymes producing five different prostanoids that act as either contracting or relaxing substances. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the expressions and activities of COX isoforms are altered, resulting in changes in production of various prostanoids and thus affecting vascular tone. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids, thereby providing new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent Advances: Many new drugs targeting oxidative stress, COX-2, and prostanoids against common CVDs have been evaluated in recent years and they are summarized in this review. Critical Issues: Comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids in CVDs helps develop more effective measures against cardiovascular pathogenesis. Future Directions: Apart from minimizing the undesired effects of harmful prostanoids, future studies shall investigate the restoration of vasoprotective prostanoids as a means to combat CVDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 784-799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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5
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Pérez-Areales FJ, Garrido M, Aso E, Bartolini M, De Simone A, Espargaró A, Ginex T, Sabate R, Pérez B, Andrisano V, Puigoriol-Illamola D, Pallàs M, Luque FJ, Loza MI, Brea J, Ferrer I, Ciruela F, Messeguer A, Muñoz-Torrero D. Centrally Active Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer Agents Derived from the Antioxidant Lead CR-6. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9360-9390. [PMID: 32706255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease, but it should not be tackled alone rather together with other key targets to derive effective treatments. The combination of the scaffold of the polar antioxidant lead 7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-ol (CR-6) with that of the lipophilic cholinesterase inhibitor 6-chlorotacrine results in compounds with favorable brain permeability and multiple activities in vitro (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), and Aβ42 and tau aggregation inhibition). In in vivo studies on wild-type and APP/presenilin 1 (PS1) mice, two selected compounds were well tolerated and led to positive trends, albeit statistically nonsignificant in some cases, on memory performance, amyloid pathology (reduced amyloid burden and potentiated non-amyloidogenic APP processing), and oxidative stress (reduced cortical oxidized proteins and increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase, glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) and transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)). These compounds emerge as interesting brain-permeable multitarget compounds, with a potential as anti-Alzheimer agents beyond that of the original lead CR-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Pérez-Areales
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Garrido
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela De Simone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, IBUB, and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, I-47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Neuroscience (NeuroUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, IBUB, and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - María Isabel Loza
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Brea
- BioFarma Research Group, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. de Barcelona s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.,CIBERNED, E-28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Neurosciences Institute, University of Barcelona (UB) and Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, E-08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angel Messeguer
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona (UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Salas-Perdomo A, Miró-Mur F, Gallizioli M, Brait VH, Justicia C, Meissner A, Urra X, Chamorro A, Planas AM. Role of the S1P pathway and inhibition by fingolimod in preventing hemorrhagic transformation after stroke. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8309. [PMID: 31165772 PMCID: PMC6549179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a complication of severe ischemic stroke after revascularization. Patients with low platelet counts do not receive reperfusion therapies due to high risk of HT. The immunomodulatory drug fingolimod attenuated HT after tissue plasminogen activator in a thromboembolic stroke model, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Fingolimod acts on several sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors, prevents lymphocyte trafficking to inflamed tissues, and affects brain and vascular cells. This study aimed to investigate changes in S1P-signaling in response to brain ischemia/reperfusion and the effects of the S1P receptor modulator fingolimod on HT. We studied brain expression of S1P signaling components, S1P concentration, and immune cell infiltration after ischemia/reperfusion in mice. We administered fingolimod after ischemia to wild-type mice, lymphocyte-deficient Rag2−/− mice, and mice with low platelet counts. Ischemia increased S1P-generating enzyme SphK1 mRNA, S1P concentration, and S1P receptor-1 (S1P1)+ T-cells in the brain. Fingolimod prevented lymphocyte infiltration, and attenuated the severity of HT in Rag2−/− mice but it was ineffective under thrombocytopenia. Fingolimod prevented β-catenin degradation but not Evans blue extravasation. Ischemia/reperfusion upregulates brain S1P signaling pathway, and fingolimod exerts local effects that attenuate HT. Although fingolimod seems to act on the brain tissue, it did not prevent blood-brain barrier leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Salas-Perdomo
- Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Miró-Mur
- Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattia Gallizioli
- Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa H Brait
- Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carles Justicia
- Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja Meissner
- Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental Medical Sciences & Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xabier Urra
- Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Chamorro
- Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain. .,Àrea de Neurociències, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Uric acid treatment after stroke modulates the Krüppel-like factor 2-VEGF-A axis to protect brain endothelial cell functions: Impact of hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 164:115-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Kryl'skii ED, Popova TN, Safonova OA, Stolyarova AO, Razuvaev GA, de Carvalho MAP. Transcriptional Regulation of Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and Modulation of Oxidative Stress by Melatonin in Rats Under Cerebral Ischemia / Reperfusion Conditions. Neuroscience 2019; 406:653-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Klopčič I, Dolenc MS. Chemicals and Drugs Forming Reactive Quinone and Quinone Imine Metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 32:1-34. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Klopčič
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Uric Acid Protects against Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Oxidative Stress via Activating Nrf2 and Regulating Neurotrophic Factor Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6069150. [PMID: 30581534 PMCID: PMC6276484 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6069150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether uric acid (UA) might exert neuroprotection via activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway and regulating neurotrophic factors in the cerebral cortices after transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (FCI/R) in rats. UA was intravenously injected through the tail vein (16 mg/kg) 30 min after the onset of reperfusion in rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 h. Neurological deficit score was performed to analyze neurological function at 24 h after reperfusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dNTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining were used to detect histological injury of the cerebral cortex. Malondialdehyde (MDA), the carbonyl groups, and 8-hydroxyl-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels were employed to evaluate oxidative stress. Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant protein, heme oxygenase- (HO-) 1,were detected by western blot. Nrf2 DNA-binding activity was observed using an ELISA-based measurement. Expressions of BDNF and NGF were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that UA treatment significantly suppressed FCI/R-induced oxidative stress, accompanied by attenuating neuronal damage, which subsequently decreased the infarct volume and neurological deficit. Further, the treatment of UA activated Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulated BDNF and NGF expression levels. Interestingly, the aforementioned effects of UA were markedly inhibited by administration of brusatol, an inhibitor of Nrf2. Taken together, the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects afforded by UA treatment involved the modulation of Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress and regulation of BDNF and NGF expression levels. Thus, UA treatment could be of interest to prevent FCI/R injury.
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11
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Jiménez-Xarrié E, Pérez B, Dantas AP, Puertas-Umbert L, Martí-Fabregas J, Chamorro Á, Planas AM, Vila E, Jiménez-Altayó F. Uric Acid Treatment After Stroke Prevents Long-Term Middle Cerebral Artery Remodelling and Attenuates Brain Damage in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 11:1332-1347. [PMID: 30219993 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for stroke and is associated with poorer post-stroke outcomes. The antioxidant uric acid is protective in experimental normotensive ischaemic stroke. However, it is unknown whether this treatment exerts long-term protection in hypertension. We aimed to evaluate the impact of transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion (90 min)/reperfusion (1-15 days) on brain and vascular damage progression in adult male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; n = 36) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR; n = 37) rats treated (i.v./120 min post-occlusion) with uric acid (16 mg kg-1) or vehicle (Locke's buffer). Ischaemic brain damage was assessed longitudinally with magnetic resonance imaging and properties of MCA from both hemispheres were studied 15 days after stroke. Brain lesions in WKY rats were associated with a transitory increase in circulating IL-18 and cerebrovascular oxidative stress that did not culminate in long-term MCA alterations. In SHR rats, more severe brain damage and poorer neurofunctional outcomes were coupled to higher cortical cerebral blood flow at the onset of reperfusion, a transient increase in oxidative stress and long-lasting stroke-induced MCA hypertrophic remodelling. Thus, stroke promotes larger brain and vascular damage in hypertensive rats that persists for long-time. Uric acid administered during early reperfusion attenuated short- and long-term brain injuries in both normotensive and hypertensive rats, an effect that was associated with abolishment of the acute oxidative stress response and prevention of stroke-induced long-lasting MCA remodelling in hypertension. These results suggest that uric acid might be an effective strategy to improve stroke outcomes in hypertensive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fabregas
- Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB)-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Àrea de Neurociènces, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Maria Planas
- Àrea de Neurociènces, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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12
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Aliena-Valero A, López-Morales MA, Burguete MC, Castelló-Ruiz M, Jover-Mengual T, Hervás D, Torregrosa G, Leira EC, Chamorro Á, Salom JB. Emergent Uric Acid Treatment is Synergistic with Mechanical Recanalization in Improving Stroke Outcomes in Male and Female Rats. Neuroscience 2018; 388:263-273. [PMID: 30077000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies support a promising, albeit not definitive, neuroprotective effect of emergent uric acid (UA) administration in ischemic stroke. We assessed the effects of UA in an ischemic stroke model relevant to the current treatment paradigm of mechanical thrombectomy within the STAIR/RIGOR recommendations. A cohort of male and female Wistar rats was subjected to ischemic stroke with mechanical recanalization under physiological monitoring. The effects of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) with adjunctive UA (IV, 16 mg/kg) or vehicle treatment were assessed at 24 h and 7 days. Outcomes included neurofunctional impairment, brain infarct (TTC staining, MRI imaging and cresyl violet staining) and edema. At 24 h after tMCAO, neurofunctional scores and brain infarct were significantly reduced in rats subjected to UA treatment compared to vehicle, with a selective effect of UA on cortical infarct. No differential effect of UA between male and female rats was evidenced, as no significant interaction of sex with stroke outcomes was found. Rats achieving higher reperfusion levels after tMCAO showed superior reduction of neurofunctional impairment, cortical infarct and edema by UA. After a 7-day follow-up, male rats subjected to UA treatment still showed reductions in neurofunctional impairment and infarct size, compared to vehicle treatment. In conclusion, UA treatment immediately after transient ischemia results in a sex-independent, maintained reduction of brain damage and neurological impairment, better manifested in hyperperfusion conditions. This synergistic effect of UA with mechanical recanalization supports additional clinical testing of UA as an adjunctive treatment to mechanical thrombectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mikahela A López-Morales
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María C Burguete
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Castelló-Ruiz
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Teresa Jover-Mengual
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Unidad de Bioestadística, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique C Leira
- Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology, Carver College of Medicine and College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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13
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Khoshnam SE, Farbood Y, Fathi Moghaddam H, Sarkaki A, Badavi M, Khorsandi L. Vanillic acid attenuates cerebral hyperemia, blood-brain barrier disruption and anxiety-like behaviors in rats following transient bilateral common carotid occlusion and reperfusion. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:785-793. [PMID: 29356980 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (tBCCAO), followed by reperfusion, is a model of transient global hypoperfusion. In the present study we aimed to investigate the probable effects of Vanillic acid (VA) on some physiological parameters including cerebral hyperemia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, anxiety behaviors and neurological deficits induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries and reperfusion (BCCAO/R) in rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham, BCCAO/R, VA and VA+ BCCAO/R. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion was induced after 2 weeks of pretreatment by VA. Subsequently, sensorimotor scores, elevated plus maze tests, cerebral hyperemia, and BBB disruption were evaluated 72 h after 30 min of BCCAO. Pretreatment of rats by VA improved sensory motor signs, anxiolytic behavior in BCCAO/R rats compared with untreated rats (p < 0.05). Further, VA attenuated reactive hyperemia and BBB disruption in BCCAO/R rats compared with untreated rats (p < 0.01). To our knowledge, this study is the first to reveal VA could attenuate reactive hyperemia and improve BBB disruption following BCCAO/R, and could improve neurological scores and anxiety like behaviors in this model of cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that VA could be a promising pretreatment agent in cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Fathi Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Layasadat Khorsandi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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14
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Chamorro Á. Neuroprotectants in the Era of Reperfusion Therapy. J Stroke 2018; 20:197-207. [PMID: 29886725 PMCID: PMC6007301 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2017.02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, numerous pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies have been evaluated without success to limit the consequences of the ischemic cascade, but more rarely the therapies were explored as add on remedies on individuals also receiving reperfusion therapies. It is plausible that these putative neuroprotectants never reached the ischemic brain in adequate concentrations. Currently, the concept of neuroprotection incorporates cerebral perfusion as an obligatory substrate upon which ischemic brain survival depends, and it is plausible that some of the compounds tested in previous neuroprotection trials might have resulted in more favorable results if reperfusion therapies had been co-administered. Nonetheless, pharmacological or mechanical thrombectomy are frequently powerless to fully reperfuse the ischemic brain despite achieving a high rate of recanalization. This review covers in some detail the importance of the microcirculation, and the barriers that may hamper flow reperfusion at the microcirculatory level. It describes the main mechanisms leading to microcirculatory thrombosis including oxidative/nitrosative stress and refers to recent efforts to ameliorate brain perfusion in combination with the co-administration of neuroprotectants mainly aimed at harnessing oxidative/nitrosative brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic and August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Onetti Y, Dantas AP, Pérez B, McNeish AJ, Vila E, Jiménez-Altayó F. Peroxynitrite formed during a transient episode of brain ischaemia increases endothelium-derived hyperpolarization-type dilations in thromboxane/prostaglandin receptor-stimulated rat cerebral arteries. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:150-166. [PMID: 27683007 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Increased thromboxane A2 and peroxynitrite are hallmarks of cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Stimulation of thromboxane/prostaglandin receptors (TP) attenuates endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH). We investigated whether EDH-type middle cerebral artery (MCA) relaxations following TP stimulation are altered after I/R and the influence of peroxynitrite. METHODS Vascular function was determined by wire myography after TP stimulation with the thromboxane A2 mimetic 9,11-dideoxy-9α, 11α -methano-epoxy prostaglandin F2α (U46619) in MCA of Sprague Dawley rats subjected to MCA occlusion (90 min)/reperfusion (24 h) or sham operation, and in non-operated (control) rats. Some rats were treated with saline or the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron (III) (20 mg kg-1 ). Protein expression was evaluated in MCA and in human microvascular endothelial cells submitted to hypoxia (overnight)/reoxygenation (24 h) (H/R) using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. RESULTS In U46619-pre-constricted MCA, EDH-type relaxation by the proteinase-activated receptor 2 agonist serine-leucine-isoleucine-glycine-arginine-leucine-NH2 (SLIGRL) was greater in I/R than sham rats due to an increased contribution of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SKCa ), which was confirmed by the enlarged relaxation to the SKCa activator N-cyclohexyl-N-2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinamine. I/R and H/R induced endothelial protein tyrosine nitration and filamentous-actin disruption. In control MCA, either cytochalasin D or peroxynitrite disrupted endothelial filamentous-actin and augmented EDH-type relaxation. Furthermore, peroxynitrite decomposition during I/R prevented the increase in EDH-type responses. CONCLUSION Following TP stimulation in MCA, EDH-type relaxation to SLIGRL is greater after I/R due to endothelial filamentous-actin disruption by peroxynitrite, which prevents TP-induced block of SKCa input to EDH. These results reveal a novel mechanism whereby peroxynitrite could promote post-ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Onetti
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia; Institut de Neurociències; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - A. P. Dantas
- Institut Clínic Cardiovascular; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Barcelona Spain
| | - B. Pérez
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia; Institut de Neurociències; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - A. J. McNeish
- Reading School of Pharmacy; University of Reading; Reading Berkshire UK
| | - E. Vila
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia; Institut de Neurociències; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
| | - F. Jiménez-Altayó
- Departament de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia; Institut de Neurociències; Facultat de Medicina; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Bellaterra Spain
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16
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Bakthavachalam P, Shanmugam PST. Mitochondrial dysfunction - Silent killer in cerebral ischemia. J Neurol Sci 2017; 375:417-423. [PMID: 28320180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction aggravates ischemic neuronal injury through activation of various pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. Ischemic neuronal injury is particularly intensified during reperfusion due to impairment of mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial mutilation instigates alterations in calcium homeostasis in neurons, which plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of normal neuronal function. Increase in intracellular calcium level in mitochondria triggers the opening of mitochondrial transition pore and over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several investigations have concluded that ROS not only contribute to lipids and proteins damage, but also transduce apoptotic signals leading to neuronal death. In addition to the above mentioned reasons, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to excitotoxicity also leads to neuronal death. Recently, some newer proteins have been claimed to induce "mitophagy" by triggering the receptors on autophagic membranes leading to neurodegeneration. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying neuronal death involving mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramila Bakthavachalam
- Sri Ramachandra University, No. 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Vázquez-Jiménez L, Garrido M, Miceli M, Prats E, Ferrer-Montiel A, Teixidó M, Jimeno C, Messeguer A. Synthesis and in vitro , ex-vivo and in vivo activity of hybrid compounds linking a potent ROS and RNS scavenger activity with diverse substrates addressed to pass across the blood-brain barrier. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:788-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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18
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Farbood Y, Sarkaki A, Khalaj L, Khodagholi F, Badavi M, Ashabi G. Targeting Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase by Metformin Adjusts Post-Ischemic Hyperemia and Extracellular Neuronal Discharge in Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia. Microcirculation 2016. [PMID: 26213885 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE I/R and its subsequent reactive hyperemia results in different adverse effects such as brain edema and BBB disruption. AMPK activation has been perceived as one of the target factors for I/R treatment. We investigated the effect of Met (an AMPK activator) on some physiological parameters including vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity following tGCI. METHODS Rats were pretreated with Met for two weeks and CC was administered half an hour before tGCI. Brain vascular responses, hyperemia, BBB disruption, and electrophysiological activity were evaluated following the ischemia. RESULTS Met attenuated BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia in tGCI rats compared with the untreated I/R rats (p < 0.001). Met administration along with CC in the ischemic rats reversed the beneficial effects of Met on BBB disruption and reactive hyperemia (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological records indicated that Met increased spike rates in the ischemic rats comparing with I/R rats (p < 0.001), whereas, CC administration blocked the beneficial effects of Met on the neuronal discharges (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION We established a regulatory role for AMPK in vascular and electrophysiological responses to tGCI. Studies are ongoing to determine if activation of AMPK in the reperfusion period would offer similar protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaghoob Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Khalaj
- Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neurobiology Research Center, ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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19
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Aşcı S, Demirci S, Aşcı H, Doğuç DK, Onaran İ. Neuroprotective Effects of Pregabalin on Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion. Balkan Med J 2016; 33:221-7. [PMID: 27403394 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2015.15742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and the leading cause of disability in adults. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury causes cerebral edema, hemorrhage, and neuronal death. AIMS In post-ischemic reperfusion, free radical production causes brain tissue damage by oxidative stress. Pregabalin, an antiepileptic agent was shown to have antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of pregabalin on ischemia and reperfusion in rat brain injury. STUDY DESIGN Animal experimentation. METHODS Male Wistar rats weighing (250-300 g) were randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of 6 rats: control (C), pregabalin (P), ischemia (I), pregabalin + ischemia (PI), ischemia + reperfusion (IR) and ischemia + reperfusion + pregabalin (PIR). Rats were initially pre-treated with 50 mg/kg/d pregabalin orally for two days. Then, animals that applied ischemia in I, PI, IR and PIR groups were exposed to carotid clamping for 30 minutes and 20 minutes reperfusion was performed in the relevant reperfusion groups. RESULTS NR2B receptor levels were significantly lower in the PIR group in comparison to the IR group. In the PIR group, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) level had statistically significant decrease compared with IR group. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels were also significantly increased in the PIR group compared with I, IR and control groups. In the PI and PIR groups, catalase (CAT) levels were also significantly increased compared with I and IR groups (p=0.03 and p=0.07, respectively). CONCLUSION Pregabalin may protect the damage of oxidative stress after ischemia + reperfusion. This result would illuminate clinical studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanem Aşcı
- Neurology Service, Gülkent State Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Serpil Demirci
- Department of Neurology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Halil Aşcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Duygu Kumbul Doğuç
- Department of Biochemistry, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetic, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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20
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Opening the window: Ischemic postconditioning reduces the hyperemic response of delayed tissue plasminogen activator and extends its therapeutic time window in an embolic stroke model. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:55-62. [PMID: 26123846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that ischemic postconditioning (PC) changes the reperfusion pattern in permanent or transient models of stroke and confers neuroprotection. However, the effects of PC and subsequent use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) for the treatment of embolic stroke have not yet been investigated. Rats were subjected to stroke by injection of a preformed clot into the middle cerebral artery and randomly assigned to vehicle (saline 0.1 ml/100 g), tPA (3 mg/kg), PC only or PC+tPA (3 mg/kg). tPA was injected at 6 h after embolic stroke and PC was conducted at 6.5 h after ischemia by using five cycles of a 10 s occlusion and 30 s of reopening of the bilateral common carotid arteries. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored for 60 min from the time of tPA injection. Infarct size, blood brain barrier disruption, edema, neurological deficits, reactive oxygen species and apoptosis were measured 2 days later. PC decreased infarct volume, but PC+tPA was more neuroprotective than PC alone. While tPA alone dramatically increased CBF, conducting PC caused a gradual increase in CBF. A combination of PC+tPA reduced BBB leakage, brain edema, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, a combination of PC+tPA improved neurological functions at 48 h after the induced stroke. In conclusion, PC hampered malignant hyperemia after reperfusion with tPA and extended its therapeutic window up to 6 h. Compared to PC alone, combination of thrombolysis and PC showed a better neuroprotection.
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21
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Cobb CA, Cole MP. Oxidative and nitrative stress in neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 84:4-21. [PMID: 26024962 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobes require oxygen for metabolism and normal free radical formation. As a result, maintaining the redox homeostasis is essential for brain cell survival due to their high metabolic energy requirement to sustain electrochemical gradients, neurotransmitter release, and membrane lipid stability. Further, brain antioxidant levels are limited compared to other organs and less able to compensate for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation which contribute oxidative/nitrative stress (OS/NS). Antioxidant treatments such as vitamin E, minocycline, and resveratrol mediate neuroprotection by prolonging the incidence of or reversing OS and NS conditions. Redox imbalance occurs when the antioxidant capacity is overwhelmed, consequently leading to activation of alternate pathways that remain quiescent under normal conditions. If OS/NS fails to lead to adaptation, tissue damage and injury ensue, resulting in cell death and/or disease. The progression of OS/NS-mediated neurodegeneration along with contributions from microglial activation, dopamine metabolism, and diabetes comprise a detailed interconnected pathway. This review proposes a significant role for OS/NS and more specifically, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and other lipid modifications, by triggering microglial activation to elicit a neuroinflammatory state potentiated by diabetes or abnormal dopamine metabolism. Subsequently, sustained stress in the neuroinflammatory state overwhelms cellular defenses and prompts neurotoxicity resulting in the onset or amplification of brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Cobb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Marsha P Cole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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22
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Role of hydrogen sulfide in early blood-brain barrier disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117982. [PMID: 25695633 PMCID: PMC4335059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and early BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. A cranial window was prepared over the left frontal, parietal and temporal cortex in mice. Transient focal cerebral Ischemia was induced by directly ligating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for two hours. Regional vascular response and cerebral blood flow (CBF) during ischemia and reperfusion were measured in real time. Early BBB disruption was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) and sodium fluorescein (Na-F) extravasation at 3 hours of reperfusion. Topical treatment with DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor for cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)) and aspartate (ASP, inhibitor for cysteine aminotransferase/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (CAT/3-MST)), but not O-(Carboxymethyl)hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (CHH, an inhibitor for cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)), abolished postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and prevented EB and Na-F extravasation. CSE knockout (CSE-/-) reduced postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia but only inhibited Na-F extravasation. An upregulated CBS was found in cerebral cortex of CSE-/- mice. Topical treatment with CHH didn’t further alter postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia, but prevented EB extravasation in CSE-/- mice. In addition, L-cysteine-induced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production similarly increased in ischemic side cerebral cortex of control and CSE-/- mice. Our findings suggest that endogenous production of H2S by CSE and CAT/3-MST during reperfusion may be involved in postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and play an important role in early BBB disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia.
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Onetti Y, Dantas AP, Pérez B, Cugota R, Chamorro A, Planas AM, Vila E, Jiménez-Altayó F. Middle cerebral artery remodeling following transient brain ischemia is linked to early postischemic hyperemia: a target of uric acid treatment. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H862-74. [PMID: 25637543 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00001.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia impairs blood supply to the brain, and reperfusion is important to restore cerebral blood flow (CBF) and rescue neurons from cell death. However, reperfusion can induce CBF values exceeding the basal values before ischemia. This hyperemic effect has been associated with a worse ischemic brain damage, albeit the mechanisms that contribute to infarct expansion are not clear. In this study, we investigated the influence of early postischemic hyperemia on brain damage and middle cerebral artery (MCA) properties and the effect of treatment with the endogenous antioxidant uric acid (UA). The MCA was occluded for 90 min followed by 24 h reperfusion in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cortical CBF increases at reperfusion beyond 20% of basal values were taken as indicative of hyperemia. UA (16 mg/kg) or vehicle (Locke's buffer) was administered intravenously 135 min after MCA occlusion. Hyperemic compared with nonhyperemic rats showed MCA wall thickening (sham: 22.4 ± 0.8 μm; nonhyperemic: 23.1 ± 1.2 μm; hyperemic: 27.8 ± 0.9 at 60 mmHg; P < 0.001, hyperemic vs. sham) involving adventitial cell proliferation, increased oxidative stress, and interleukin-18, and more severe brain damage. Thus MCA remodeling after ischemia-reperfusion takes place under vascular oxidative and inflammatory stress conditions linked to hyperemia. UA administration attenuated MCA wall thickening, induced passive lumen expansion, and reduced brain damage in hyperemic rats, although it did not increase brain UA concentration. We conclude that hyperemia at reperfusion following brain ischemia induces vascular damage that can be attenuated by administration of the endogenous antioxidant UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Onetti
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana P Dantas
- Institut Clínic del Tòrax, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roger Cugota
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Angel Chamorro
- Functional Unit of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain; and
| | - Anna M Planas
- Departament d'Isquèmia Cerebral i Neurodegeneració, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Facultat de Medicina, Departament de Farmacologia, Terapèutica i Toxicologia, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain;
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24
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Ill-Raga G, Palomer E, Ramos-Fernández E, Guix FX, Bosch-Morató M, Guivernau B, Tajes M, Valls-Comamala V, Jiménez-Conde J, Ois A, Pérez-Asensio F, Reyes-Navarro M, Caballo C, Gil-Gómez G, Lopez-Vilchez I, Galan AM, Alameda F, Escolar G, Opazo C, Planas AM, Roquer J, Valverde MA, Muñoz FJ. Fibrinogen nitrotyrosination after ischemic stroke impairs thrombolysis and promotes neuronal death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1852:421-8. [PMID: 25500153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute vascular event that compromises neuronal viability, and identification of the pathophysiological mechanisms is critical for its correct management. Ischemia produces increased nitric oxide synthesis to recover blood flow but also induces a free radical burst. Nitric oxide and superoxide anion react to generate peroxynitrite that nitrates tyrosines. We found that fibrinogen nitrotyrosination was detected in plasma after the initiation of ischemic stroke in human patients. Electron microscopy and protein intrinsic fluorescence showed that in vitro nitrotyrosination of fibrinogen affected its structure. Thromboelastography showed that initially fibrinogen nitrotyrosination retarded clot formation but later made the clot more resistant to fibrinolysis. This result was independent of any effect on thrombin production. Immunofluorescence analysis of affected human brain areas also showed that both fibrinogen and nitrotyrosinated fibrinogen spread into the brain parenchyma after ischemic stroke. Therefore, we assayed the toxicity of fibrinogen and nitrotyrosinated fibrinogen in a human neuroblastoma cell line. For that purpose we measured the activity of caspase-3, a key enzyme in the apoptotic pathway, and cell survival. We found that nitrotyrosinated fibrinogen induced higher activation of caspase 3. Accordingly, cell survival assays showed a more neurotoxic effect of nitrotyrosinated fibrinogen at all concentrations tested. In summary, nitrotyrosinated fibrinogen would be of pathophysiological interest in ischemic stroke due to both its impact on hemostasis - it impairs thrombolysis, the main target in stroke treatments - and its neurotoxicity that would contribute to the death of the brain tissue surrounding the infarcted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Ill-Raga
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Ernest Palomer
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos-Fernández
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Francesc X Guix
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Mònica Bosch-Morató
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Biuse Guivernau
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Marta Tajes
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Victòria Valls-Comamala
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Jordi Jiménez-Conde
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Angel Ois
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Fernando Pérez-Asensio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Mario Reyes-Navarro
- Laboratory of Neurobiometals, Department of Physiology, University of Concepción, 4089100, Chile
| | - Carolina Caballo
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Gabriel Gil-Gómez
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Irene Lopez-Vilchez
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Ana M Galan
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Francesc Alameda
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Gines Escolar
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Biomedical Diagnosis Centre, Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Carlos Opazo
- Laboratory of Neurobiometals, Department of Physiology, University of Concepción, 4089100, Chile; Oxidation Biology Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Australia
| | - Anna M Planas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Jaume Roquer
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar-IMIM-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Miguel A Valverde
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain
| | - Francisco J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08003, Spain.
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25
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Tudela R, Soria G, Pérez-De-Puig I, Ros D, Pavía J, Planas AM. Infarct volume prediction using apparent diffusion coefficient maps during middle cerebral artery occlusion and soon after reperfusion in the rat. Brain Res 2014; 1583:169-78. [PMID: 25128601 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rodents causes brain infarctions of variable sizes that depend on multiple factors, particularly in models of ischemia/reperfusion. This is a major problem for infarct volume comparisons between different experimental groups since unavoidable variability can induce biases in the results and imposes the use of large number of subjects. MRI can help to minimize these difficulties by ensuring that the severity of ischemia is comparable between groups. Furthermore, several studies showed that infarct volumes can be predicted with MRI data obtained soon after ischemia onset. However, such predictive studies require multiparametric MRI acquisitions that cannot be routinely performed, and data processing using complex algorithms that are often not available. The aim here was to provide a simplified method for infarct volume prediction using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) data in a model of transient MCAO in rats. ADC images were obtained before, during MCAO and after 60 min of reperfusion. Probability histograms were generated using ADC data obtained either during MCAO, after reperfusion, or both combined. The results were compared to real infarct volumes, i.e.T2 maps obtained at day 7. Assessment of the performance of the estimations showed better results combining ADC data obtained during occlusion and at reperfusion. Therefore, ADC data alone can provide sufficient information for a reasonable prediction of infarct volume if the MRI information is obtained both during the occlusion and soon after reperfusion. This approach can be used to check whether drug administration after MRI acquisition can change infarct volume prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Tudela
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental MRI 7T Unit, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Pérez-De-Puig
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domènec Ros
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Biophysics and Bioengineering Laboratory, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Pavía
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna M Planas
- Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Jiang Z, Li C, Arrick DM, Yang S, Baluna AE, Sun H. Role of nitric oxide synthases in early blood-brain barrier disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93134. [PMID: 24671193 PMCID: PMC3966853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) in early blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was determined using a new mouse model of transient focal cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was induced by ligating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) at its M2 segment and reperfusion was induced by releasing the ligation. The diameter alteration of the MCA, arterial anastomoses and collateral arteries were imaged and measured in real time. BBB disruption was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) and sodium fluorescein (Na-F) extravasation at 3 hours of reperfusion. The reperfusion produced an extensive vasodilation and a sustained hyperemia. Although expression of NOSs was not altered at 3 hours of reperfusion, L-NAME (a non-specific NOS inhibitor) abolished reperfusion-induced vasodilation/hyperemia and significantly reduced EB and Na-F extravasation. L-NIO (an endothelial NOS (eNOS) inhibitor) significantly attenuated cerebral vasodilation but not BBB disruption, whereas L-NPA and 7-NI (neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitors) significantly reduced BBB disruption but not cerebral vasodilation. In contrast, aminoguanidine (AG) (an inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor) had less effect on either cerebral vasodilation or BBB disruption. On the other hand, papaverine (PV) not only increased the vasodilation/hyperemia but also significantly reduced BBB disruption. Combined treatment with L-NAME and PV preserved the vasodilation/hyperemia and significantly reduced BBB disruption. Our findings suggest that nNOS may play a major role in early BBB disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia via a hyperemia-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Denise M Arrick
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Alexandra E Baluna
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States of America
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27
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Nitro-oxidative stress after neuronal ischemia induces protein nitrotyrosination and cell death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:826143. [PMID: 23983901 PMCID: PMC3747381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/826143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is an acute vascular event that obstructs blood supply to the brain, producing irreversible damage that affects neurons but also glial and brain vessel cells. Immediately after the stroke, the ischemic tissue produces nitric oxide (NO) to recover blood perfusion but also produces superoxide anion. These compounds interact, producing peroxynitrite, which irreversibly nitrates protein tyrosines. The present study measured NO production in a human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), a murine glial (BV2), a human endothelial cell line (HUVEC), and in primary cultures of human cerebral myocytes (HC-VSMCs) after experimental ischemia in vitro. Neuronal, endothelial, and inducible NO synthase (NOS) expression was also studied up to 24 h after ischemia, showing a different time course depending on the NOS type and the cells studied. Finally, we carried out cell viability experiments on SH-SY5Y cells with H2O2, a prooxidant agent, and with a NO donor to mimic ischemic conditions. We found that both compounds were highly toxic when they interacted, producing peroxynitrite. We obtained similar results when all cells were challenged with peroxynitrite. Our data suggest that peroxynitrite induces cell death and is a very harmful agent in brain ischemia.
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28
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Kelly-Cobbs AI, Prakash R, Coucha M, Knight RA, Li W, Ogbi SN, Johnson M, Ergul A. Cerebral myogenic reactivity and blood flow in type 2 diabetic rats: role of peroxynitrite in hypoxia-mediated loss of myogenic tone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:407-15. [PMID: 22570365 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.191296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cerebral vascular function and, ultimately, cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to complications such as stroke and cognitive decline in diabetes. We hypothesized that 1) diabetes-mediated neurovascular and myogenic dysfunction impairs CBF and 2) under hypoxic conditions, cerebral vessels from diabetic rats lose myogenic properties because of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-mediated nitration of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) actin. Functional hyperemia, the ability of blood vessels to dilate upon neuronal stimulation, and myogenic tone of isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were assessed as indices of neurovascular and myogenic function, respectively, in 10- to 12-week control and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. In addition, myogenic behavior of MCAs, nitrotyrosine (NY) levels, and VSM actin content were measured under normoxic and hypoxic [oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)] conditions with and without the ONOO(-) decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) prophyrinato iron (III), chloride (FeTPPs). The percentage of myogenic tone was higher in diabetes, and forced dilation occurred at higher pressures. Functional hyperemia was impaired. Consistent with these findings, baseline CBF was lower in diabetes. OGD reduced the percentage of myogenic tone in both groups, and FeTPPs restored it only in diabetes. OGD increased VSM NY in both groups, and although FeTPPs restored basal levels, it did not correct the reduced filamentous/globular (F/G) actin ratio. Acute alterations in VSM ONOO(-) levels may contribute to hypoxic myogenic dysfunction, but this cannot be solely explained by the decreased F/G actin ratio due to actin nitration, and mechanisms may differ between control and diabetic animals. Our findings also demonstrate that diabetes alters the ability of cerebral vessels to regulate CBF under basal and hypoxic conditions.
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Mild hypoxemia during initial reperfusion alleviates the severity of secondary energy failure and protects brain in neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:232-41. [PMID: 22108720 PMCID: PMC3272612 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reperfusion triggers an oxidative stress. We hypothesized that mild hypoxemia in reperfusion attenuates oxidative brain injury following hypoxia-ischemia (HI). In neonatal HI-mice, the reperfusion was initiated by reoxygenation with room air (RA) followed by the exposure to 100%, 21%, 18%, 15% oxygen for 60 minutes. Systemic oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), cerebral blood flow (CBF), brain mitochondrial respiration and permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, markers of oxidative injury, and cerebral infarcts were assessed. Compared with RA-littermates, HI-mice exposed to 18% oxygen exhibited significantly decreased infarct volume, oxidative injury in the brain mitochondria and tissue. This was coupled with improved mitochondrial tolerance to mPTP opening. Oxygen saturation maintained during reperfusion at 85% to 95% was associated (r=0.57) with the best neurologic outcome. Exposure to 100% or 15% oxygen significantly exacerbated brain injury and oxidative stress. Compared with RA-mice, hyperoxia dramatically increased reperfusion CBF, but exposure to 15% oxygen significantly reduced CBF to values observed during the HI-insult. Mild hypoxemia during initial reperfusion alleviates the severity of HI-brain injury by limiting the reperfusion-driven oxidative stress to the mitochondria and mPTP opening. This suggests that at the initial stage of reperfusion, a slightly decreased systemic oxygenation (SaO(2) 85% to 95%) may be beneficial for infants with birth asphyxia.
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Marco I, Valhondo M, Martín-Fontecha M, Vázquez-Villa H, Del Río J, Planas A, Sagredo O, Ramos JA, Torrecillas IR, Pardo L, Frechilla D, Benhamú B, López-Rodríguez ML. New serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptor agonists with neuroprotective effect against ischemic cell damage. J Med Chem 2011; 54:7986-99. [PMID: 22029386 DOI: 10.1021/jm2007886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of new compounds 4-35 based on structural modifications of different moieties of previously described lead UCM-2550. The new nonpiperazine derivatives, representing second-generation agonists, were assessed for binding affinity, selectivity, and functional activity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor (5-HT(1A)R). Computational β(2)-based homology models of the ligand-receptor complexes were used to explain the observed structure-affinity relationships. Selected candidates were also evaluated for their potential in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective properties. Interestingly, compound 26 (2-{6-[(3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-2-ylmethyl)amino]hexyl}tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-1,3(2H)-dione) has been characterized as a high-affinity and potent 5-HT(1A)R agonist (K(i) = 5.9 nM, EC(50) = 21.8 nM) and exhibits neuroprotective effect in neurotoxicity assays in primary cell cultures from rat hippocampus and in the MCAO model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Marco
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Fraser PA. The role of free radical generation in increasing cerebrovascular permeability. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:967-77. [PMID: 21712087 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The brain endothelium constitutes a barrier to the passive movement of substances from the blood into the cerebral microenvironment, and disruption of this barrier after a stroke or trauma has potentially fatal consequences. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed during these cerebrovascular accidents, have a key role in this disruption. ROS are formed constitutively by mitochondria and also by the activation of cell receptors that transduce signals from inflammatory mediators, e.g., activated phospholipase A₂ forms arachidonic acid that interacts with cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase to generate ROS. Endothelial NADPH oxidase, activated by cytokines, also contributes to ROS. There is a surge in ROS following reperfusion after cerebral ischemia and the interaction of the signaling pathways plays a role in this. This review critically evaluates the literature and concludes that the ischemic penumbra is a consequence of the initial edema resulting from the ROS surge after reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fraser
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE19NH, UK.
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32
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Almendros I, Farré R, Planas AM, Torres M, Bonsignore MR, Navajas D, Montserrat JM. Tissue oxygenation in brain, muscle, and fat in a rat model of sleep apnea: differential effect of obstructive apneas and intermittent hypoxia. Sleep 2011; 34:1127-33. [PMID: 21804675 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To test the hypotheses that the dynamic changes in brain oxygen partial pressure (PtO(2)) in response to obstructive apneas or to intermittent hypoxia differ from those in other organs and that the changes in brain PtO(2) in response to obstructive apneas is a source of oxidative stress. DESIGN Prospective controlled animal study. SETTING University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS 98 Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Cerebral cortex, skeletal muscle, or visceral fat tissues were exposed in anesthetized animals subjected to either obstructive apneas or intermittent hypoxia (apneic and hypoxic events of 15 s each and 60 events/h) for 1 h. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) presented a stable pattern, with similar desaturations during both stimuli. The PtO(2) was measured by a microelectrode. During obstructive apneas, a fast increase in cerebral PtO(2) was observed (38.2 ± 3.4 vs. 54.8 ± 5.9 mm Hg) but not in the rest of tissues. This particular cerebral response was not found during intermittent hypoxia. The cerebral content of reduced glutathione was decreased after obstructive apneas (46.2% ± 15.2%) compared to controls (100.0% ± 14.7%), but not after intermittent hypoxia. This antioxidant consumption after obstructive apneas was accompanied by increased cerebral lipid peroxidation under this condition. No changes were observed for these markers in the other tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cerebral cortex could be protected in some way from hypoxic periods caused by obstructive apneas. The increased cerebral PtO(2) during obstructive apneas may, however, cause harmful effects (oxidative stress). The obstructive apnea model appears to be more adequate than the intermittent hypoxia model for studying brain changes associated with OSA.
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on water shift and oedema in acute brain injury, with particular aspects on pathophysiology of water movements, the role of aquaporins and the potential of new therapies. This review reports on update of both significant experimental and clinical findings on factors implicated in oedema formation. RECENT FINDINGS The main inputs came from the demonstrated role of aquaporins (especially AQP4) in brain oedema control. The absence of aquaporin agonist or antagonist does not help to clarify the net effect of aquaporins on brain oedema. The clinical practice of osmotherapy, especially with hypertonic saline failed to improve neurological outcome in a large randomized clinical trial. Colloid treatment was not proven efficient and potentially dangerous. Some hopes might come from targeting inflammatory cascade and neurogenic mediators to reduce lesion severity and to limit the blood-brain barrier dysrupture. SUMMARY Water content control and partition can be better assessed in clinic with NMR helping to make decisions, but with limited proven therapies. The timing for such interventions might be crucial and future biomarkers might be very helpful.
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O'Driscoll C, Doonan F, Sanvicens N, Messeguer A, Cotter TG. A novel free radical scavenger rescues retinal cells in vivo. Exp Eye Res 2011; 93:65-74. [PMID: 21635890 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The benzopyran BP (3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1(2H)-benzopyran) is a free radical scavenger that is structurally similar to alpha-tocopherol and has provided neuro-protection in a number of disease models where oxidative stress is a causative factor. A novel derivative of BP with improved lipid solubility, which we have designated BP3, was synthesized and its neuro-protective efficacy subsequently analyzed in three mouse models of retinal disease in vivo. In the acute light damage model, balb/c mice received a single intra-peritoneal injection (200 mg/kg) of BP3 one hour prior to phototoxicity, reducing photoreceptor degeneration for up to 48 h post insult. In the rd10/rd10 mouse, a chronic model of inherited retinal degeneration, systemic dosing with BP3 on alternate days between post-natal day 18 and 25 preserved rod photoreceptor numbers and cone photoreceptor morphology. Finally, NMDA induced toxicity in retinal ganglion cells was diminished for at least 72 h after the initial insult by a single dose of BP3. In each disease model, BP3 alleviated cellular oxidative burden as MDA levels were markedly reduced. These results demonstrate that systemically administered BP3 has potent free radical scavenging capacity in the retina and may represent a single therapeutic strategy applicable across several retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn O'Driscoll
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Planas
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (A.M.P.), IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and the Departments of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Neurology, and Pharmacology (R.J.T.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Richard J. Traystman
- From the Department of Brain Ischemia and Neurodegeneration (A.M.P.), IIBB-CSIC, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; and the Departments of Anesthesiology, Emergency Medicine, Neurology, and Pharmacology (R.J.T.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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