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Roelens R, Peigneur ANF, Voets T, Vriens J. Neurodevelopmental disorders caused by variants in TRPM3. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119709. [PMID: 38522727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are a broad and varied group of disorders that affect the brain and are characterized by epilepsy and comorbid intellectual disability (ID). These conditions have a broad spectrum of symptoms and can be caused by various underlying factors, including genetic mutations, infections, and other medical conditions. The exact cause of DEE remains largely unknown in the majority of cases. However, in around 25 % of patients, rare nonsynonymous coding variants in genes encoding ion channels, cell-surface receptors, and other neuronally expressed proteins are identified. This review focuses on a subgroup of DEE patients carrying variations in the gene encoding the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3) ion channel, where recent data indicate that gain-of-function of TRPM3 channel activity underlies a spectrum of dominant neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Roelens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ana Nogueira Freitas Peigneur
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Voets
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Zhou Y, Bennett TM, Ruzycki PA, Guo Z, Cao YQ, Shahidullah M, Delamere NA, Shiels A. A Cataract-Causing Mutation in the TRPM3 Cation Channel Disrupts Calcium Dynamics in the Lens. Cells 2024; 13:257. [PMID: 38334649 PMCID: PMC10854584 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
TRPM3 belongs to the melastatin sub-family of transient receptor potential (TRPM) cation channels and has been shown to function as a steroid-activated, heat-sensitive calcium ion (Ca2+) channel. A missense substitution (p.I65M) in the TRPM3 gene of humans (TRPM3) and mice (Trpm3) has been shown to underlie an inherited form of early-onset, progressive cataract. Here, we model the pathogenetic effects of this cataract-causing mutation using 'knock-in' mutant mice and human cell lines. Trpm3 and its intron-hosted micro-RNA gene (Mir204) were strongly co-expressed in the lens epithelium and other non-pigmented and pigmented ocular epithelia. Homozygous Trpm3-mutant lenses displayed elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels and an imbalance of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions coupled with increased water content. Homozygous TRPM3-mutant human lens epithelial (HLE-B3) cell lines and Trpm3-mutant lenses exhibited increased levels of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (MAPK1/ERK2/p42) and MAPK3/ERK1/p44. Mutant TRPM3-M65 channels displayed an increased sensitivity to external Ca2+ concentration and an altered dose response to pregnenolone sulfate (PS) activation. Trpm3-mutant lenses shared the downregulation of genes involved in insulin/peptide secretion and the upregulation of genes involved in Ca2+ dynamics. By contrast, Trpm3-deficient lenses did not replicate the pathophysiological changes observed in Trpm3-mutant lenses. Collectively, our data suggest that a cataract-causing substitution in the TRPM3 cation channel elicits a deleterious gain-of-function rather than a loss-of-function mechanism in the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Philip A. Ruzycki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhaohua Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yu-Qing Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mohammad Shahidullah
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Delamere
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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London S, Levine MA, Li D, Spiegel R, Lebel A, Halevy R, Tenenbaum-Rakover Y. Hypocalcemia as the Initial Presentation of Type 2 Bartter Syndrome: A Family Report. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1679-e1688. [PMID: 34751387 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bartter syndrome (BS) is a group of rare autosomal-recessive tubulopathies characterized by hypokalemic, hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis in which the primary defect is a deficiency of transporters involved in sodium chloride reabsorption. Type 2 BS results from a defect in the renal outer medullary potassium channel encoded by the KCNJ1 gene. Type 2 BS presents with polyhydramnios, intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity, failure to thrive, polyuria, hypercalciuria, and life-threatening episodes of dehydration. Hypocalcemia is a very rare presenting symptom of BS, with only a few published cases reporting it as the initial manifestation of type 2 BS. OBJECTIVE To describe a child who presented with hypocalcemic seizure at the age of 2.3 years that was first related to vitamin D deficiency and high-phosphate soft drink consumption. METHODS Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to evaluate the biochemical abnormalities of the proband. RESULTS We identified a previously described homozygous missense mutation c.212C>T, p.T71M in the KCNJ1 gene associated with type 2 BS. Six additional family members with the same mutation and diagnosed clinically with BS are also reported, 2 presenting with hypocalcemia associated with vitamin D deficiency. CONCLUSION This report expands the clinical spectrum associated with KCNJ1 mutations and emphasizes the role of WES in unsolved cases of hypocalcemia when genetic disease is suspected. It also highlights the hazardous effects of phosphate-containing soft drinks on calcium metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shira London
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- Armon Child Health Center, Clalit Health Services, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael A Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Center for Bone Health, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronen Spiegel
- Pediatric Ward B, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Lebel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Rephael Halevy
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Yardena Tenenbaum-Rakover
- Pediatric Endocrine Institute, Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
- The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Zhou Y, Bennett TM, Shiels A. Mutation of the TRPM3 cation channel underlies progressive cataract development and lens calcification associated with pro-fibrotic and immune cell responses. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21288. [PMID: 33484482 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002037r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transient-receptor-potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 3 (TRPM3) serves as a polymodal calcium sensor in diverse mammalian cell-types. Mutation of the human TRPM3 gene (TRPM3) has been linked with inherited forms of early-onset cataract with or without other eye abnormalities. Here, we have characterized the ocular phenotypes of germline "knock-in" mice that harbor a human cataract-associated isoleucine-to-methionine mutation (p.I65M) in TRPM3 (Trpm3-mutant) compared with germline "knock-out" mice that functionally lack TRPM3 (Trpm3-null). Despite strong expression of Trpm3 in lens epithelial cells, neither heterozygous (Trpm3+/- ) nor homozygous (Trpm3-/- ) Trpm3-null mice developed cataract; however, the latter exhibited a mild impairment of lens growth. In contrast, homozygous Trpm3-M/M mutants developed severe, progressive, anterior pyramid-like cataract with microphthalmia, whereas heterozygous Trpm3-I/M and hemizygous Trpm3-M/- mutants developed anterior pyramidal cataract with delayed onset and progression-consistent with a semi-dominant lens phenotype. Histochemical staining revealed abnormal accumulation of calcium phosphate-like deposits and collagen fibrils in Trpm3-mutant lenses and immunoblotting detected increased αII-spectrin cleavage products consistent with calpain hyper-activation. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy of Trpm3-M/M mutant lenses revealed fiber cell membrane degeneration that was accompanied by accumulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin positive (α-SMA+ve) myofibroblast-like cells and macrosialin positive (CD68+ve) macrophage-like cells. Collectively, our mouse model data support an ocular disease association for TRPM3 in humans and suggest that (1) Trpm3 deficiency impaired lens growth but not lens transparency and (2) Trpm3 dysfunction resulted in progressive lens degeneration and calcification coupled with pro-fibrotic (α-SMA+ve) and immune (CD68+ve) cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas M Bennett
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Already for centuries, humankind is driven to understand the physiological and pathological mechanisms that occur in our brains. Today, we know that ion channels play an essential role in the regulation of neural processes and control many functions of the central nervous system. Ion channels present a diverse group of membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to penetrate the insulating cell membrane upon opening of their channel pores. This regulated ion permeation results in different electrical and chemical signals that are necessary to maintain physiological excitatory and inhibitory processes in the brain. Therefore, it is no surprise that disturbances in the functions of cerebral ion channels can result in a plethora of neurological disorders, which present a tremendous health care burden for our current society. The identification of ion channel-related brain disorders also fuel the research into the roles of ion channel proteins in various brain states. In the last decade, mounting evidence has been collected that indicates a pivotal role for transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in the development and various physiological functions of the central nervous system. For instance, TRP channels modulate neurite growth, synaptic plasticity and integration, and are required for neuronal survival. Moreover, TRP channels are involved in numerous neurological disorders. TRPM3 belongs to the melastatin subfamily of TRP channels and represents a non-selective cation channel that can be activated by several different stimuli, including the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate, osmotic pressures and heat. The channel is best known as a peripheral nociceptive ion channel that participates in heat sensation. However, recent research identifies TRPM3 as an emerging new player in the brain. In this review, we summarize the available data regarding the roles of TRPM3 in the brain, and correlate these data with the neuropathological processes in which this ion channel may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Held
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive Medicine, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Rapid effects of neurosteroids on neuronal plasticity and their physiological and pathological implications. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135771. [PMID: 33636284 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current neuroscience research on neurosteroids and their synthetic analogues - neuroactive steroids - clearly demonstrate their drug likeness in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Moreover, research on neurosteroids continues to provide novel mechanistic insights into receptor activation or inhibition of various receptors. This mini-review will provide a high-level overview of the research area and discuss the various classes of potential physiological and pathological implications discovered so far.
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7
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Shiels A. TRPM3_miR-204: a complex locus for eye development and disease. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:7. [PMID: 32070426 PMCID: PMC7027284 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First discovered in a light-sensitive retinal mutant of Drosophila, the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of non-selective cation channels serve as polymodal cellular sensors that participate in diverse physiological processes across the animal kingdom including the perception of light, temperature, pressure, and pain. TRPM3 belongs to the melastatin sub-family of TRP channels and has been shown to function as a spontaneous calcium channel, with permeability to other cations influenced by alternative splicing and/or non-canonical channel activity. Activators of TRPM3 channels include the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate, calmodulin, phosphoinositides, and heat, whereas inhibitors include certain drugs, plant-derived metabolites, and G-protein subunits. Activation of TRPM3 channels at the cell membrane elicits a signal transduction cascade of mitogen-activated kinases and stimulus response transcription factors. The mammalian TRPM3 gene hosts a non-coding microRNA gene specifying miR-204 that serves as both a tumor suppressor and a negative regulator of post-transcriptional gene expression during eye development in vertebrates. Ocular co-expression of TRPM3 and miR-204 is upregulated by the paired box 6 transcription factor (PAX6) and mutations in all three corresponding genes underlie inherited forms of eye disease in humans including early-onset cataract, retinal dystrophy, and coloboma. This review outlines the genomic and functional complexity of the TRPM3_miR-204 locus in mammalian eye development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shiels
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8096, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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8
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Vitriolo A, Gabriele M, Testa G. From enhanceropathies to the epigenetic manifold underlying human cognition. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:R226-R234. [PMID: 31411680 PMCID: PMC6990140 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast portion of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders is genetically caused by mutations in chromatin modulators. These proteins play key roles in development and are also highly expressed in the adult brain. Specifically, the pivotal role of chromatin regulation in transcription has placed enhancers at the core of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) studies, ushering in the coining of the term enhanceropathies. The convergence of these disorders is multilayered, spanning from molecular causes to pathophysiological traits, including extensive overlaps between enhanceropathies and neurocristopathies. The reconstruction of epigenetic circuitries wiring development and underlying cognitive functions has gone hand in hand with the development of tools that increase the sensitivity of identifying regulatory regions and linking enhancers to their target genes. The available models, including loop extrusion and phase separation, have been bringing into relief complementary aspects to interpret gene regulation datasets, reinforcing the idea that enhancers are not all the same and that regulatory regions possess shades of enhancer-ness and promoter-ness. The current limits in enhancer definition, within the emerging broader understanding of chromatin dynamics in time and space, are now on the verge of being transformed by the possibility to interrogate developmentally relevant three-dimensional cellular models at single-cell resolution. Here we discuss the contours of how these technological advances, as well as the epistemic limitations they are set to overcome, may well usher in a change of paradigm for NDDs, moving the quest for convergence from enhancers to the four-dimensional (4D) genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vitriolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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9
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Dyment DA, Terhal PA, Rustad CF, Tveten K, Griffith C, Jayakar P, Shinawi M, Ellingwood S, Smith R, van Gassen K, McWalter K, Innes AM, Lines MA. De novo substitutions of TRPM3 cause intellectual disability and epilepsy. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1611-1618. [PMID: 31278393 PMCID: PMC6777445 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) are a heterogeneous group of chronic encephalopathies frequently associated with rare de novo nonsynonymous coding variants in neuronally expressed genes. Here, we describe eight probands with a DEE phenotype comprising intellectual disability, epilepsy, and hypotonia. Exome trio analysis showed de novo variants in TRPM3, encoding a brain-expressed transient receptor potential channel, in each. Seven probands were identically heterozygous for a recurrent substitution, p.(Val837Met), in TRPM3's S4-S5 linker region, a conserved domain proposed to undergo conformational change during gated channel opening. The eighth individual was heterozygous for a proline substitution, p.(Pro937Gln), at the boundary between TRPM3's flexible pore-forming loop and an adjacent alpha-helix. General-population truncating variants and microdeletions occur throughout TRPM3, suggesting a pathomechanism other than simple haploinsufficiency. We conclude that de novo variants in TRPM3 are a cause of intellectual disability and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Dyment
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilie F Rustad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Tveten
- Department of Medical Genetics, Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway
| | | | | | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara Ellingwood
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Rosemarie Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Koen van Gassen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - A Micheil Innes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A Lines
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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10
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Palazzo L, Mikolčević P, Mikoč A, Ahel I. ADP-ribosylation signalling and human disease. Open Biol 2019; 9:190041. [PMID: 30991935 PMCID: PMC6501648 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins, which controls major cellular and biological processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, stress and immune responses. In order to maintain the cellular homeostasis, diverse ADP-ribosyl transferases and hydrolases are involved in the fine-tuning of ADPr systems. The control of ADPr network is vital, and dysregulation of enzymes involved in the regulation of ADPr signalling has been linked to a number of inherited and acquired human diseases, such as several neurological disorders and in cancer. Conversely, the therapeutic manipulation of ADPr has been shown to ameliorate several disorders in both human and animal models. These include cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Herein, we summarize the recent findings in the field of ADPr, which support the impact of this modification in human pathophysiology and highlight the curative potential of targeting ADPr for translational and molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Petra Mikolčević
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
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11
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Avilés-Vázquez S, Chávez-González A, Hidalgo-Miranda A, Moreno-Lorenzana D, Arriaga-Pizano L, Sandoval-Esquivel MÁ, Ayala-Sánchez M, Aguilar R, Alfaro-Ruiz L, Mayani H. Global gene expression profiles of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: the effect of in vitro culture with or without imatinib. Cancer Med 2017; 6:2942-2956. [PMID: 29030909 PMCID: PMC5727298 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the gene expression profiles of bone marrow‐derived cell fractions, obtained from normal subjects and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) patients, that were highly enriched for hematopoietic stem (HSCs) and progenitor (HPCs) cells. Our results indicate that the profiles of CML HSCs and HPCs were closer to that of normal progenitors, whereas normal HSCs showed the most different expression profile of all. We found that the expression profiles of HSCs and HPCs from CML marrow were closer to each other than those of HSCs and HPCs from normal marrow. The major biologic processes dysregulated in CML cells included DNA repair, cell cycle, chromosome condensation, cell adhesion, and the immune response. We also determined the genomic changes in both normal and CML progenitor cells under culture conditions, and found that several genes involved in cell cycle, steroid biosynthesis, and chromosome segregation were upregulated, whereas genes involved in transcription regulation and apoptosis were downregulated. Interestingly, these changes were the same, regardless of the addition of Imatinib (IM) to the culture. Finally, we identified three genes—PIEZO2, RXFP1, and MAMDC2‐ that are preferentially expressed by CML primitive cells and that encode for cell membrane proteins; thus, they could be used as biomarkers for CML stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sócrates Avilés-Vázquez
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonieta Chávez-González
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Dafne Moreno-Lorenzana
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Arriaga-Pizano
- Immunochemistry Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Á Sandoval-Esquivel
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Ayala-Sánchez
- Department of Hematology, La Raza Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Aguilar
- Department of Hip Surgery, Villa Coapa General Hospital, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Hector Mayani
- Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Lintas C, Persico AM. Unraveling molecular pathways shared by Kabuki and Kabuki-like syndromes. Clin Genet 2017; 94:283-295. [PMID: 28139835 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic syndrome characterized by a typical facial gestalt, variable degrees of intellectual disability, organ malformations, postnatal growth retardation and skeletal abnormalities. So far, KMT2D or KDM6A mutation has been identified as the main cause of KS, accounting for 56%-75% and 3%-8% of cases, respectively. Patients without mutations in 1 of the 2 causative KS genes are often referred to as affected by Kabuki-like syndrome. Overall, they represent approximately 30% of KS cases, pointing toward substantial genetic heterogeneity for this condition. Here, we review all currently available literature describing KS-like phenotypes (or phenocopies) associated with genetic variants located in loci different from KMT2D and KDM6A . We also report on a new KS phenocopy harboring a 5 Mb de novo deletion in chr10p11.22-11.21. An enrichment analysis aimed at identifying functional Gene Ontology classes shared by the 2 known KS causative genes and by new candidate genes currently associated with KS-like phenotypes primarily converges upon abnormal chromatin remodeling and transcriptional dysregulation as pivotal to the pathophysiology of KS phenotypic hallmarks. The identification of mutations in genes belonging to the same functional pathways of KMT2D and KDM6A can help design molecular screenings targeted to KS-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lintas
- Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Persico
- Unit of Child and Adolescent NeuroPsychiatry, "G. Martino" University Hospital, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
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13
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Paděrová J, Holubová A, Simandlová M, Puchmajerová A, Vlčková M, Malíková M, Pourová R, Vejvalková S, Havlovicová M, Šenkeříková M, Ptáková N, Drábová J, Geryk J, Maver A, Křepelová A, Macek M. Molecular genetic analysis in 14 Czech Kabuki syndrome patients is confirming the utility of phenotypic scoring. Clin Genet 2016; 90:230-7. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Paděrová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. Holubová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Simandlová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. Puchmajerová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Vlčková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Malíková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - R. Pourová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - S. Vejvalková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Havlovicová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Šenkeříková
- Department of Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Hradec Králové; Hradec Králové Czech Republic
| | - N. Ptáková
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Drábová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - J. Geryk
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - A. Maver
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Centre for Mendelian Genomics, Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics; University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - A. Křepelová
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
| | - M. Macek
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics; Charles University Prague-2 Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol; Prague Czech Republic
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14
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Bennett TM, Mackay DS, Siegfried CJ, Shiels A. Mutation of the melastatin-related cation channel, TRPM3, underlies inherited cataract and glaucoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104000. [PMID: 25090642 PMCID: PMC4121231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited forms of cataract are a clinically important and genetically heterogeneous cause of visual impairment that usually present at an early age with or without systemic and/or other ocular abnormalities. Here we have identified a new locus for inherited cataract and high-tension glaucoma with variable anterior segment defects, and characterized an underlying mutation in the gene coding for transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member-3 (TRPM3, melastatin-2). Genome-wide linkage analysis mapped the ocular disease locus to the pericentric region of human chromosome 9. Whole exome and custom-target next-generation sequencing detected a heterozygous A-to-G transition in exon-3 of TRPM3 that co-segregated with disease. As a consequence of alternative splicing this missense mutation was predicted to result in the substitution of isoleucine-to-methionine at codon 65 (c.195A>G; p.I65 M) of TRPM3 transcript variant 9, and at codon 8 (c.24A>G; p.I8 M) of a novel TRPM3 transcript variant expressed in human lens. In both transcript variants the I-to-M substitution was predicted in silico to exert damaging effects on protein function. Furthermore, transient expression studies of a recombinant TRPM3-GFP reporter product predicted that the I-to-M substitution introduced an alternative translation start-site located 89 codons upstream from the native initiator methionine found in eight other TRPM3 transcript variants (1-8). Collectively, these studies have provided the first evidence that TRPM3 is associated with inherited ocular disease in humans, and further provide support for the important role of this cation channel in normal eye development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Bennett
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Donna S. Mackay
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carla J. Siegfried
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Alan Shiels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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15
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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16
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Chen B, Brinkmann K, Chen Z, Pak CW, Liao Y, Shi S, Henry L, Grishin NV, Bogdan S, Rosen MK. The WAVE regulatory complex links diverse receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Cell 2014; 156:195-207. [PMID: 24439376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) controls actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout the cell by stimulating the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex at distinct membrane sites. However, the factors that recruit the WRC to specific locations remain poorly understood. Here, we have identified a large family of potential WRC ligands, consisting of ∼120 diverse membrane proteins, including protocadherins, ROBOs, netrin receptors, neuroligins, GPCRs, and channels. Structural, biochemical, and cellular studies reveal that a sequence motif that defines these ligands binds to a highly conserved interaction surface of the WRC formed by the Sra and Abi subunits. Mutating this binding surface in flies resulted in defects in actin cytoskeletal organization and egg morphology during oogenesis, leading to female sterility. Our findings directly link diverse membrane proteins to the WRC and actin cytoskeleton and have broad physiological and pathological ramifications in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Klaus Brinkmann
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zhucheng Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chi W Pak
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuxing Liao
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuoyong Shi
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Like most other members of the TRP family, the Trpm3 gene encodes proteins that form cation-permeable ion channels on the plasma membrane. However, TRPM3 proteins have several unique features that set them apart from the other members of this diverse family. The Trpm3 gene encodes for a surprisingly large number of isoforms generated mainly by alternative splicing. Only for two of the (at least) eight sites at which sequence diversity is generated the functional consequences have been elucidated, one leading to nonfunctional channels, the other one profoundly affecting the ionic selectivity. In the Trpm3 gene an intronic microRNA (miR-204) is co-transcribed with Trpm3. By regulating the expression of a multitude of genes, miR-204 increases the functional complexity of the Trpm3 locus. Over the past years, important progress has been made in discovering pharmacological tools to manipulate TRPM3 channel activity. These substances have facilitated the identification of endogenously expressed functional TRPM3 channels in nociceptive neurons, pancreatic beta cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells, among others. TRPM3 channels, which themselves are temperature sensitive, thus have been implicated in sensing noxious heat, in modulating insulin release, and in secretion of inflammatory cytokines. However, in many tissues where TRPM3 proteins are known to be expressed, no functional role has been identified for these channels so far. Because of the availability of adequate pharmacological and genetic tools, it is expected that future investigations on TRPM3 channels will unravel important new aspects and functions of these channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Oberwinkler
- Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany,
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18
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Abstract
TRP channels constitute a large superfamily of cation channel forming proteins, all related to the gene product of the transient receptor potential (trp) locus in Drosophila. In mammals, 28 different TRP channel genes have been identified, which exhibit a large variety of functional properties and play diverse cellular and physiological roles. In this article, we provide a brief and systematic summary of expression, function, and (patho)physiological role of the mammalian TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Gees
- Laboratory Ion Channel Research and TRP Research Platform Leuven (TRPLe), KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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19
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Bögershausen N, Wollnik B. Unmasking Kabuki syndrome. Clin Genet 2012; 83:201-11. [PMID: 23131014 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The identification of de novo dominant mutations in KMT2D (MLL2) as the main cause of Kabuki syndrome (KS) has shed new light on the pathogenesis of this well-delineated condition consisting of a peculiar facial appearance, short stature, organ malformations and a varying degree of intellectual disability. Mutation screening studies have confirmed KMT2D as the major causative gene for KS and have at the same time provided evidence for its genetic heterogeneity. In this review, we aim to summarize the current clinical and molecular genetic knowledge on KS, provide genotype-phenotype correlations and propose a strategic clinical and molecular diagnostic approach for patients with suspected KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bögershausen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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20
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[Kabuki syndrome]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2012; 77:51-6. [PMID: 22387331 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kabuki syndrome (OMIM: #147 920) presents as large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, dysplastic ears and in most cases, with mental retardation. Patients have minor and major abnormalities in different systems. Its genetic basis is heterogeneous, but recently has been associated with mutations in gen MLL2. CASE REPORTS We present two patients with clinical features compatibles with the syndrome, mainly: large palpebral fissures with eversion of the lateral third of the lower eyelids, depressed nasal bridge, arched eyebrows, flat nose, persistent fingertip pads, cardiopathies and renal anomalies. COMMENTARY The diagnosis of this condition is clinical. The characteristics in the cases are compared with the patients reported in the literature. The importance of early diagnosis is to provide preventive management and an appropriate genetic counseling for the family.
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21
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Lock EF, Abdo N, Huang R, Xia M, Kosyk O, O'Shea SH, Zhou YH, Sedykh A, Tropsha A, Austin CP, Tice RR, Wright FA, Rusyn I. Quantitative high-throughput screening for chemical toxicity in a population-based in vitro model. Toxicol Sci 2012; 126:578-88. [PMID: 22268004 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A shift in toxicity testing from in vivo to in vitro may efficiently prioritize compounds, reveal new mechanisms, and enable predictive modeling. Quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) is a major source of data for computational toxicology, and our goal in this study was to aid in the development of predictive in vitro models of chemical-induced toxicity, anchored on interindividual genetic variability. Eighty-one human lymphoblast cell lines from 27 Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain trios were exposed to 240 chemical substances (12 concentrations, 0.26nM-46.0μM) and evaluated for cytotoxicity and apoptosis. qHTS screening in the genetically defined population produced robust and reproducible results, which allowed for cross-compound, cross-assay, and cross-individual comparisons. Some compounds were cytotoxic to all cell types at similar concentrations, whereas others exhibited interindividual differences in cytotoxicity. Specifically, the qHTS in a population-based human in vitro model system has several unique aspects that are of utility for toxicity testing, chemical prioritization, and high-throughput risk assessment. First, standardized and high-quality concentration-response profiling, with reproducibility confirmed by comparison with previous experiments, enables prioritization of chemicals for variability in interindividual range in cytotoxicity. Second, genome-wide association analysis of cytotoxicity phenotypes allows exploration of the potential genetic determinants of interindividual variability in toxicity. Furthermore, highly significant associations identified through the analysis of population-level correlations between basal gene expression variability and chemical-induced toxicity suggest plausible mode of action hypotheses for follow-up analyses. We conclude that as the improved resolution of genetic profiling can now be matched with high-quality in vitro screening data, the evaluation of the toxicity pathways and the effects of genetic diversity are now feasible through the use of human lymphoblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric F Lock
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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22
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Lederer D, Grisart B, Digilio MC, Benoit V, Crespin M, Ghariani SC, Maystadt I, Dallapiccola B, Verellen-Dumoulin C. Deletion of KDM6A, a histone demethylase interacting with MLL2, in three patients with Kabuki syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2012; 90:119-24. [PMID: 22197486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare genetic disease that causes developmental delay and congenital anomalies. Since the identification of MLL2 mutations as the primary cause of KS, such mutations have been identified in 56%-76% of affected individuals, suggesting that there may be additional genes associated with KS. Here, we describe three KS individuals with de novo partial or complete deletions of an X chromosome gene, KDM6A, that encodes a histone demethylase that interacts with MLL2. Although KDM6A escapes X inactivation, we found a skewed X inactivation pattern, in which the deleted X chromosome was inactivated in the majority of the cells. This study identifies KDM6A mutations as another cause of KS and highlights the growing role of histone methylases and histone demethylases in multiple-congenital-anomaly and intellectual-disability syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et Génétique, Charleroi, Belgium.
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23
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Delahaye A, Bitoun P, Drunat S, Gérard-Blanluet M, Chassaing N, Toutain A, Verloes A, Gatelais F, Legendre M, Faivre L, Passemard S, Aboura A, Kaltenbach S, Quentin S, Dupont C, Tabet AC, Amselem S, Elion J, Gressens P, Pipiras E, Benzacken B. Genomic imbalances detected by array-CGH in patients with syndromal ocular developmental anomalies. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:527-33. [PMID: 22234157 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 65 patients, who had unexplained ocular developmental anomalies (ODAs) with at least one other birth defect and/or intellectual disability, we performed oligonucleotide comparative genome hybridisation-based microarray analysis (array-CGH; 105A or 180K, Agilent Technologies). In four patients, array-CGH identified clinically relevant deletions encompassing a gene known to be involved in ocular development (FOXC1 or OTX2). In four other patients, we found three pathogenic deletions not classically associated with abnormal ocular morphogenesis, namely, del(17)(p13.3p13.3), del(10)(p14p15.3), and del(16)(p11.2p11.2). We also detected copy number variations of uncertain pathogenicity in two other patients. Rearranged segments ranged in size from 0.04 to 5.68 Mb. These results show that array-CGH provides a high diagnostic yield (15%) in patients with syndromal ODAs and can identify previously unknown chromosomal regions associated with these conditions. In addition to their importance for diagnosis and genetic counselling, these data may help identify genes involved in ocular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée Delahaye
- AP-HP, Hôpital Jean Verdier, Service d'Histologie, Embryologie, et Cytogénétique, Bondy, France.
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24
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Pagnamenta AT, Holt R, Yusuf M, Pinto D, Wing K, Betancur C, Scherer SW, Volpi EV, Monaco AP. A family with autism and rare copy number variants disrupting the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene DMD and TRPM3. J Neurodev Disord 2011; 3:124-31. [PMID: 21484199 PMCID: PMC3105230 DOI: 10.1007/s11689-011-9076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a genetically complex and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. A recent study by the Autism Genome Project (AGP) used 1M single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays to show that rare genic copy number variants (CNVs), possibly acting in tandem, play a significant role in the genetic aetiology of this condition. In this study, we describe the phenotypic and genomic characterisation of a multiplex autism family from the AGP study that was found to harbour a duplication of exons 31–44 of the Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy gene DMD and also a rare deletion involving exons 1–9 of TRPM3. Further characterisation of these extremely rare CNVs was carried out using quantitative PCR, fluorescent in situ hybridisation, long-range PCR amplification and sequencing of junction fragments. The maternal chrX:32,097,213-32,321,945 tandem duplication and paternal chr9:72,480,413-73,064,196 deletion (NCBI build 36 coordinates) were transmitted to both affected boys, potentially signifying a multi-hit mechanism. The DMD reading frame rule predicts a Becker phenotype, characterised by later onset and milder symptoms. When last evaluated, neither child had developed signs of muscular dystrophy. These data are consistent with a degree of comorbidity between autism and muscular dystrophy and suggest that genomic background as well as the position of the mutation within the DMD gene may impact on the neurological correlates of Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy. Finally, communicating unexpected findings such as these back to families raises a number of ethical questions, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair T. Pagnamenta
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Richard Holt
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Dalila Pinto
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Kirsty Wing
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Catalina Betancur
- INSERM U952 and CNRS UMR 7224 and UPMC, Université Paris 06, Paris, 75005 France
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children and McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada M5G 1L7
| | - Emanuela V. Volpi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
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25
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Wu LJ, Sweet TB, Clapham DE. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXVI. Current progress in the mammalian TRP ion channel family. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:381-404. [PMID: 20716668 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a large family of ion channel proteins, surpassed in number in mammals only by voltage-gated potassium channels. TRP channels are activated and regulated through strikingly diverse mechanisms, making them suitable candidates for cellular sensors. They respond to environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, osmolarity, pheromones, taste, and plant compounds, and intracellular stimuli such as Ca(2+) and phosphatidylinositol signal transduction pathways. However, it is still largely unknown how TRP channels are activated in vivo. Despite the uncertainties, emerging evidence using TRP channel knockout mice indicates that these channels have broad function in physiology. Here we review the recent progress on the physiology, pharmacology and pathophysiological function of mammalian TRP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Jun Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, 320 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Lodi M, Chifari R, Parazzini C, Viri M, Beccaria F, Lorenzetti ME, Meloni M, Capovilla G, Romeo A. Seizures and EEG pattern in Kabuki syndrome. Brain Dev 2010; 32:829-34. [PMID: 20061104 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare dysmorphogenic disorder that is characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities with central nervous system involvement. The diagnosis is clinical and a variable degree of mental retardation is always present. Epilepsy is frequently reported, but a typical electroclinical pattern has not been described. We describe the electroclinical features of eight KS non-Japanese patients with epilepsy. METHODS We analysed seizure characteristics and pattern EEG and clinical outcomes in eight KS patients. RESULTS All patients presented with focal seizures. A frontal epileptic status was present in two cases. We highlighted the fact that, during evolution, seven patients shared the same interictal EEG pattern, which was characterized by isolated or repetitive biphasic spikes or sharp waves, followed by a slow wave of medium and high voltage, predominantly localised in the fronto-central regions. The natural course of seizures is favourable. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a peculiar homogeneous electroclinical pattern in KS, characterized by focal seizures more frequently origin in fronto-central area which demonstrated that seizures are mostly focal in type and that a fronto-central origin is more frequently evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lodi
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosciences, Fatebenefratelli e Oftalmico Hospital, Milano, Italy
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27
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Santiago J, Muszlak M, Goulois E, Ranaivoarivony V, Hébert JC, Lacombe D, Verloes A. Syndrome de Kabuki en milieu tropical chez un nourrisson hospitalisé pour diarrhée et stagnation pondérale. Arch Pediatr 2010; 17:588-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Naylor J, Li J, Milligan CJ, Zeng F, Sukumar P, Hou B, Sedo A, Yuldasheva N, Majeed Y, Beri D, Jiang S, Seymour VAL, McKeown L, Kumar B, Harteneck C, O'Regan D, Wheatcroft SB, Kearney MT, Jones C, Porter KE, Beech DJ. Pregnenolone sulphate- and cholesterol-regulated TRPM3 channels coupled to vascular smooth muscle secretion and contraction. Circ Res 2010; 106:1507-15. [PMID: 20360246 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.110.219329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM)3 is a calcium-permeable ion channel activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate and positively coupled to insulin secretion in beta cells. Although vascular TRPM3 mRNA has been reported, there is no knowledge of TRPM3 protein or its regulation and function in the cardiovascular system. OBJECTIVE To determine the relevance and regulation of TRPM3 in vascular biology. METHODS AND RESULTS TRPM3 expression was detected at mRNA and protein levels in contractile and proliferating vascular smooth muscle cells. Calcium entry evoked by pregnenolone sulfate or sphingosine was suppressed by TRPM3 blocking antibody or knock-down of TRPM3 by RNA interference. Low-level constitutive TRPM3 activity was also detected. In proliferating cells, channel activity was coupled negatively to interleukin-6 secretion via a calcium-dependent mechanism. In freshly isolated aorta, TRPM3 positively modulated contractile responses independently of L-type calcium channels. Concentrations of pregnenolone sulfate required to evoke responses were higher than the known plasma concentrations of the steroids, leading to a screen for other stimulators. beta-Cyclodextrin was one of few stimulators of TRPM3, revealing the channels to be partially suppressed by endogenous cholesterol, the precursor of pregnenolone. Elevation of cholesterol further suppressed channel activity and loading with cholesterol to generate foam cells precluded observation of TRPM3 activity. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest functional relevance of TRPM3 in contractile and proliferating phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells, significance of constitutive channel activity, regulation by cholesterol, and potential value of pregnenolone sulfate in therapeutic vascular modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Naylor
- Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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