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Desalegn AA, Collet B, Iszatt N, Stigum H, Jensen TK, Jonker L, Besselink H, van der Burg B, Eggesbø M. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity in human breast milk and cryptorchidism: A case-control study within the prospective Norwegian HUMIS cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113861. [PMID: 35820657 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood. Endocrine disrupting chemicals can impact estrogen signaling by interacting with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether AhR activity in breast milk samples is associated with cryptorchidism. METHOD We conducted a case-control study based on 199 mother-child pairs (n = 91 cases/108 controls) selected from the Norwegian Human Milk Study (2002-2009). We defined cases for cryptorchidism based on maternal reports at 1-, 6-, 12-, and 24- months after birth. Chemically- and biologically stable AhR activity (pg 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent (TEQ)/g lipid) was determined by DR- CALUX® assay in the mothers' milk collected at a median of 33 (10th-90th percentile: 18-57) days after delivery. We used multivariate logistic regression to compare AhR activity levels between cases and controls, and linear regression separately, to establish the relationship with the presence of 27 potential EDCs measured in breast milk and AhR activity. RESULTS The average estimated daily intake (EDI) of dioxin and (dioxin-like (dl)-compounds via breast milk is 33.7 ± 17.9 pg TEQ/kg bodyweight per day among Norwegian children. There were no significant differences in AhR activation in breast milk samples between cases with cryptorchidism and controls. Among the 27 chemicals measured in breast milk, AhR activity was (borderline) significantly associated with all dl-PCBs, three non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCBs (PCB-74, PCB-180, PCB-194) and two organochlorine pesticides (OCPs; HCB, β-HCH). No associations between AhR activity and brominated flame retardants (PBDEs) or poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). CONCLUSION No association between AhR activity and cryptorchidism was found among Norwegian boys. The average EDI of dioxin and dl-compounds in exclusively breastfed Norwegian infants remains above the safety threshold and, therefore requires further reduction measures. Consistent with a possible role in the observed AhR activity, all dl-PCBs were associated with AhR activity whereas the association was null for either PBDEs or PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Assefa Desalegn
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bérénice Collet
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina Iszatt
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hein Stigum
- Department of Non-communicable Disease, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tina K Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lydia Jonker
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harrie Besselink
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van der Burg
- BioDetection Systems BV, Science Park 406, 1098XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merete Eggesbø
- Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
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Chen J, Cui X, Li A, Li G, Sun F. Association of a GATA Binding Protein 4 Polymorphism with the Risk of Hypospadias in the Chinese Children. Urol Int 2021; 105:1018-1023. [PMID: 34569527 DOI: 10.1159/000518644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) has been implicated in the etiology of congenital malformation of the urogenital system. The present study investigated the influence of GATA4 polymorphisms on susceptibility to hypospadias. METHODS We genotyped 4 potentially functional polymorphisms (rs12458, rs12825, rs884662, and rs904018) in GATA4 in the hospital-based case-control study including 410 child patients and 520 nonmalformed individuals by the TaqMan MGB method. Risk associations were assessed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A significant association was found between rs12458 (3'-UTR of GATA4) and susceptibility to hypospadias (p = 0.008). Compared with rs12458 AA genotype individuals, those harboring the variant allele (rs12458 AT/TT) were correlated with significantly higher risk of hypospadias (AT/TT vs. AA: OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.17-2.35, p = 0.036). Furthermore, the rs12458T allele showed significantly decreased activity in a luciferase reporter assay, indicating a possible role of rs12458 variant in regulating the combination of microRNAs with the GATA4 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that the functional GATA4 rs12458 variant confers individuals' susceptibility to hypospadias, possibly through regulating the GATA4 expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhai Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiwu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengyin Sun
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medcine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Amato CM, Yao HHC. Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single-cell level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2103856118. [PMID: 34155146 PMCID: PMC8237666 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103856118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects of the external genitalia are among the most common in the world. Proper formation of the external genitalia requires a highly orchestrated process that involves special cell populations and sexually dimorphic hormone signaling. It is clear what the end result of the sexually dimorphic development is (a penis in the male versus clitoris in the female); however, the cell populations involved in the process remain poorly defined. Here, we used single-cell messenger RNA sequencing in mouse embryos to uncover the dynamic changes in cell populations in the external genitalia during the critical morphogenetic window. We found that overall, male and female external genitalia are largely composed of the same core cellular components. At the bipotential stage of development (embryonic day or E14.5), few differences in cell populational composition exist between male and female. Although similar in cell population composition, genetic differences in key sexual differentiation developmental pathways arise between males and females by the early (E16.5) and late (E18.5) differentiation stages. These differences include discrete cell populations with distinct responsiveness to androgen and estrogen. By late sexual differentiation (E18.5), unique cell populations in both male and female genitalia become apparent and are enriched with androgen- and estrogen-responsive genes, respectively. These data provide insights into the morphogenesis of the external genitalia that could be used to understand diseases associated with defects in the external genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Maurizio Amato
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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4
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Mitsui T. Effects of the prenatal environment on cryptorchidism: A narrative review. Int J Urol 2021; 28:882-889. [PMID: 34075642 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism, the absence of testes from the scrotum, is the most common genital disorder in boys and a risk factor for reduced fertility and testicular cancer. The mechanism responsible for cryptorchidism involves two discrete stages: a transabdominal and an inguinoscrotal phase. These phases of testicular descent are regulated by the prenatal sex hormone environment, including levels of testosterone, insulin-like factor 3, and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Environmental endocrine disruptors, which are unfavorable environmental factors, may also affect testicular descent through prenatal sex hormones. This review examined the effects of environmental factors, particularly environmental endocrine disruptors, such as phthalates, organochlorine pesticides, diethylstilbestrol, bisphenol A, dioxins/dioxin-like compounds, and perfluoroalkyl substances, and parental lifestyles on the risk of cryptorchidism. Although some studies have shown that environmental endocrine disruptors can affect testicular descent by changing the hormonal environment during the prenatal period, no significant association has been established between exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors and the incidence of cryptorchidism. Therefore, the role played by environmental endocrine disruptor exposure (if any) in the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism remains unknown. Further studies are needed to examine these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Mitsui T, Araki A, Miyashita C, Ito S, Kitta T, Moriya K, Shinohara N, Takeda M, Kishi R, Yamazaki S, Ohya Y, Yaegashi N, Hashimoto K, Mori C, Ito S, Yamagata Z, Inadera H, Nakayama T, Iso H, Shima M, Kurozawa Y, Suganuma N, Kusuhara K, Katoh T. Effect of the occupational environment of parents on cryptorchidism. Pediatr Int 2020; 62:1256-1263. [PMID: 32447789 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early detection and treatment of cryptorchidism are necessary to preserve male fertility. This study aimed to assess the effect of parents' occupational environment on the incidence of cryptorchidism in their sons. METHODS The study enrolled 51 316 newborn males, whose mothers were recruited in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. We analyzed cryptorchidism incidence in male newborns according to 14 categories of occupation of their parents. We also analyzed the effect of the mother's occupational environment during gestation, including working and night-shift work, on cryptorchidism incidence. Information on occupations was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Cryptorchidism was identified through a survey at birth or 1 month after birth using medical records. RESULTS Cryptorchidism was identified in 305 male infants (0.59%) at birth or 1 month after birth. Weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference at birth were significantly lower in male infants with cryptorchidism than in those without the condition. Gestational age was also shorter in mothers whose infants developed cryptorchidism. Moreover, maternal age at delivery and smoking during gestation also had an effect on cryptorchidism incidence. However, multivariate analysis of the 14 categories of occupation of parents during gestation showed no significant effect on cryptorchidism incidence in their male infants. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that the work environment of parents did not significantly affect the incidence of cryptorchidism in their sons. However, this study might have underestimated mild and transient cases of cryptorchidism. Further studies are necessary to investigate the risk factors of cryptorchidism in relation to parents' occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo-city, Japan.,Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ito
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeya Kitta
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Moriya
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobuo Shinohara
- Department of Urology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo-city, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Hokkaido University Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Sapporo, Japan
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Krzeminska P, Stachowiak M, Skrzypski M, Nowak T, Maslak A, Switonski M. Altered expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 in undescended testes of dogs with unilateral cryptorchidism. Anim Genet 2020; 51:763-771. [PMID: 32657440 DOI: 10.1111/age.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder of sex development in dogs and testosterone plays a crucial role in the inguinal phase of the testes descending into the scrotum. The molecular background of impaired testosterone synthesis in the testes of cryptorchid dogs is poorly elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the expression of four genes involved in testicular steroidogenesis (CYP17A1, CYP19A1, HSD3B2 and HSD17B3) in undescended and contralateral scrotal testes from inguinal unilateral cryptorchid dogs (n = 13) and from the scrotal gonads of normal males (n = 15). We found that transcript level of CYP17A1 was significantly increased in inguinal gonads, while the level of CYP19A1 was decreased. For these two genes, we analyzed the methylation level of single CpG sites in the promoter region localized within putative target sites for testicular transcription factors (NUR77, CREB, CAR and HSF2). A correlation between decreased methylation in the promoter of CYP17A1 and its increased transcript level in undescended gonads was observed, but the change in protein level was not significant. We also resequenced the 5'-flanking region of both genes and two known polymorphic sites, SNP in CYP17A1 and an indel in CYP19A1, were found. However, the distribution of the variants in affected (n = 80) and control (n = 75) dogs was not associated with cryptorchidism. We tentatively conclude that the altered expression of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 in undescended testes could be caused by their exposure to increased temperature in the body. Furthermore, we showed that the identified polymorphisms cannot be considered markers associated with a predisposition to cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Krzeminska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Biostructure, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - T Nowak
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Maslak
- Vital-Vet Veterinary Surgery, sw. Floriana 4, 62-045, Pniewy, Poland
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 35, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
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Gabrielson AT, Gearhart JP, Herati AS. Correspondence: The spectrum of testicular-epididymal fusion anomalies in children with cryptorchidism: Personal experience, systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2020; 16:406-407. [PMID: 32430209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Gabrielson
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions 600 N. Wolfe Street/Park 217 Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
| | - John P Gearhart
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions 600 N. Wolfe Street/Park 217 Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
| | - Amin S Herati
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions 600 N. Wolfe Street/Park 217 Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA.
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Interaction between CYP1A1/CYP17A1 polymorphisms and parental risk factors in the risk of hypospadias in a Chinese population. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4123. [PMID: 30858503 PMCID: PMC6411735 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypospadias (HS) is a common congenital malformation of the genitourinary tract in males and its etiology is viewed as multifactorial, and studies about gene-environment interaction in the etiology of HS are rare. A total of 152 cases and 151 controls were selected in the present study. Information before and during pregnancy from questionnaires finished by mothers of subjects were extracted, and the relating data were analyzed to determine the risk factors of HS. Meanwhile, maternal genomic DNA was genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYP1A1 rs1048943 and CYP17A1 rs4919686. Results of multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that several factors were associated with hypospadias risk. Analysis of the distributions of SNPs in CYP1A1 and CYP17A1 genes showed that the mutant genotype CC (OR = 4.87) of CYP1A1 rs1048943, and mutant genotype CC (OR = 5.82), recessive genotype AC + CC (OR = 2.17) and allele C (OR = 1.77) of CYP17A1 rs4919686 significantly increased the risk of HS. In addition, the additive gene-environment interactions were also found in several models. Several maternal risk factors that are associated with HS risk can interact with CYP1A1/CYP17A1 polymorphisms, which lead to infants vulnerable to occurrence of HS in Chinese populations.
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Ames J, Warner M, Mocarelli P, Brambilla P, Signorini S, Siracusa C, Huen K, Holland N, Eskenazi B. AHR gene-dioxin interactions and birthweight in the Seveso Second Generation Health Study. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:1992-2004. [PMID: 30124847 PMCID: PMC6280946 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is proposed to interfere with fetal growth via altered activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (protein: AHR; gene: AHR) pathway which regulates diverse biological and developmental processes including xenobiotic metabolism. Genetic variation in AHR is an important driver of susceptibility to low birthweight in children exposed to prenatal smoking, but less is known about these genetic interactions with TCDD, AHR's most potent xenobiotic ligand. Methods The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS), initiated in 1996, is a cohort of 981 Italian women exposed to TCDD from an industrial explosion in July 1976. We measured TCDD concentrations in maternal serum collected close to the time of the accident. In 2008 and 2014, we followed up the SWHS cohort and collected data on birth outcomes of SWHS women with post-accident pregnancies. We genotyped 19 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in AHR among the 574 SWHS mothers. Results Among 901 singleton births, neither SNPs nor TCDD exposure alone were significantly associated with birthweight. However, we found six individual SNPs in AHR which adversely modified the association between maternal TCDD and birthweight, implicating gene-environment interaction. We saw an even stronger susceptibility to TCDD due to interaction when we examined the joint contribution of these SNPs in a risk allele score. These SNPs were all located in noncoding regions of AHR, particularly in proximity to the promoter. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that genetic variation across the maternal AHR gene may shape fetal susceptibilities to TCDD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ames
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Warner
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Mocarelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Signorini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia Siracusa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Milan-Bicocca, Hospital of Desio, Desio-Milano, Italy
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Singh N, Gupta DK, Sharma S, Sahu DK, Mishra A, Yadav DK, Rawat J, Singh AK. Single-nucleotide and copy-number variance related to severity of hypospadias. Pediatr Surg Int 2018; 34:991-1008. [PMID: 30078147 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-018-4330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic association of hypospadias-risk studies has been conducted in Caucasians, Chinese-Han populations and few in Indian populations. However, no comprehensive approach has been followed to assess genetic involvement in the severity of the disorder. METHODS The study evaluated to establish the correlation between genotyped single nucleotide and copy number variants (SNPs/CNVs) and severity of hypospadias by an association in a total 30 SNPs in genes related to sex hormone-biosynthesis and metabolism; embryonic-development and phospholipase-D-signalling pathways on 138 surgery-confirmed hypospadias-cases from North India (84 penile and 28 cases of penoscrotal-hypospadias as compared with 31 cases of glanular + coronal), and analyzed and identified CNVs in four familial cases (18 members) and three paired-sporadic cases (6 members) using array-based comparative-genomic-hybridization and validated in 32 hypospadias samples by TaqMan assay. RESULTS Based on odds ratio at 95% CI, Z Statistic and Significance Levels, STS gene-rs17268974 was associated with Penile-Hypospadias and 9-SNPs [seven-SNPs (rs5934740; rs5934842; rs5934913; rs6639811; rs3923341; rs17268974; rs5934937)] of STS gene; rs7562326-SRD5A2 and rs1877031-STARD3 were associated with penoscrotal-hypospadias. On aggregate analysis with p < 0.001, we identified homozygous-loss of Ch7:q34 (PRSS3P2, PRSS2). On validation in previously CNV-characterized and new (32 hypospadias cases), we identified PRSS3P2-loss in most of the grade 3 and 4 hypospadias. Hence, Grade 1 and 2 (coronal and granular) show no-PRSS3P2-loss and no-association with SNPs in STS; SRD5A2; STARD3-gene but Grade 3 and 4 (Penile and Penoscrotal) show PRSS3P2-loss accompanied with the association of SNPs in STS; SRD5A2; STARD3. CONCLUSIONS Hence, homozygous-loss of PRSS3P2 accompanied with the association of STS; SRD5A2; STARD3 may link to the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Singh
- Molecular Biology Unit (Center for Advance Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 003, India.
| | - Devendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Shilpa Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sahu
- Molecular Biology Unit (Center for Advance Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 003, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Molecular Biology Unit (Center for Advance Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 003, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Jiledar Rawat
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003, India
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003, India
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Rodríguez F, Vallejos C, Ponce D, Unanue N, Hernández MI, Célis S, Arcos K, Belmar F, López MT, Cassorla F. Study of Ras/MAPK pathway gene variants in Chilean patients with Cryptorchidism. Andrology 2018; 6:579-584. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Rodríguez
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - C. Vallejos
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - D. Ponce
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - N. Unanue
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - M. I. Hernández
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - S. Célis
- Pediatric Urology Department; Hospital Clínico San Borja - Arriarán; Santiago Chile
| | - K. Arcos
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - F. Belmar
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - M. T. López
- Pediatric Urology Department; Hospital Clínico San Borja - Arriarán; Santiago Chile
| | - F. Cassorla
- Institute of Maternal and Child Research; School of Medicine; University of Chile; Santiago Chile
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12
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Mbatchi LC, Brouillet JP, Evrard A. Genetic variations of the xenoreceptors NR1I2 and NR1I3 and their effect on drug disposition and response variability. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 19:61-77. [PMID: 29199543 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NR1I2 (PXR) and NR1I3 (CAR) are nuclear receptors that are classified as xenoreceptors. Upon activation by various xenobiotics, including marketed drugs, they regulate the transcription level of major drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and facilitate the elimination of xenobiotics from the body. The modulation of the activity of these two xenoreceptors by various ligands is a major source of pharmacokinetic variability of environmental origin. NR1I2 and NR1I3 genetic polymorphisms can affect the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response to many drugs, such as irinotecan, tacrolimus and atazanavir. This review provides an overview of NR1I2 and NR1I3 pharmacogenetic studies in various therapeutic fields (oncology, immunomodulation and infectiology) and discusses the implementation of NR1I2 and NR1I3 genetic polymorphism testing in the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litaty Céphanoée Mbatchi
- Laboratoire de biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France.,IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, INSERM, U1194 France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Brouillet
- Laboratoire de biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France.,IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, INSERM, U1194 France
| | - Alexandre Evrard
- Laboratoire de biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) of Nîmes, Hôpital Carémeau, Nîmes, France.,IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier, F-34298, INSERM, U1194 France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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13
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Abstract
Undescended testis - known as cryptorchidism - is one of the most common congenital abnormalities observed in boys, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer. The key factors that contribute to the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases in fetal development - between 8-15 weeks (the first phase of decent) and 25-35 weeks gestation (the second phase of descent); the failure of a testis to descend permanently is probably caused by disruptions to one or both of these phases, but the causes and mechanisms of such disruptions are still unclear. A broad range of putative risk factors have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism but their plausibility is still in question. Consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism exists for only a few factors, and in those cases in which evidence seems unequivocal the factor is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor could vary considerably between mother-son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and fetal factors - all of which could vary between regions. Thus, the role of causative factors in aetiology of cryptorchidism requires further research.
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Chávez-Saldaña M, Vigueras-Villaseñor RM, Yokoyama-Rebollar E, Landero-Huerta DA, Rojas-Castañeda JC, Taja-Chayeb L, Cuevas-Alpuche JO, Zambrano E. Single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism in Mexican patients. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Chávez-Saldaña
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - R. M. Vigueras-Villaseñor
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - E. Yokoyama-Rebollar
- Departamento de Genética Humana; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - D. A. Landero-Huerta
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - J. C. Rojas-Castañeda
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría; Ciudad de México México
| | - L. Taja-Chayeb
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular y Farmacogenética; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología; Ciudad de México México
| | | | - E. Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; Ciudad de México México
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15
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Ek WE, Lagergren K, Cook M, Wu AH, Abnet CC, Levine D, Chow WH, Bernstein L, Risch HA, Shaheen NJ, Bird NC, Corley DA, Hardie LJ, Fitzgerald RC, Gammon MD, Romero Y, Liu G, Ye W, Vaughan TL, MacGregor S, Whiteman DC, Westberg L, Lagergren J. Polymorphisms in genes in the androgen pathway and risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:1146-52. [PMID: 26414697 PMCID: PMC4715576 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The strong male predominance in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains inadequately explained, but sex hormones might be involved. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the androgen pathway influence risk of developing BE and EAC. This genetic-epidemiological analysis included 14 studies from Australia, Europe and North America. Polymorphisms in 16 genes coding for the androgen pathway were analyzed using a gene-based approach: versatile gene-based test association study. This method evaluates associations between a trait and all SNPs within a specific gene rather than each SNP marker individually as in a conventional GWAS. The data were stratified for sex, body-mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, tobacco smoking and gastroesophageal reflux status. Included were data from 1,508 EAC patients, 2,383 BE patients and 2,170 control participants. SNPs within the gene CYP17A1 were associated with risk of BE in the sexes combined (p = 0.002) and in males (p = 0.003), but not in females separately (p = 0.3). This association was found in tobacco smokers (p = 0.003) and in BE patients without reflux (p = 0.004), but not in nonsmokers (p = 0.2) or those with reflux (p = 0.036). SNPs within JMJD1C were associated with risk of EAC in females (p = 0.001). However, none of these associations replicated in a subsequent sample. Fourteen other genes studied did not reach statistically significant levels of association with BE, EAC or the combination of BE and EAC, after correcting for the number of genes included in the analysis. In conclusion, genetic variants in the androgen-related genes CYP17A1 and JMJD1C might be associated with risk of BE and EAC, respectively, but replication data with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronica E. Ek
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katarina Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Cook
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian C. Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David Levine
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wong-Ho Chow
- Department of Epidemiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Leslie Bernstein
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J. Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nigel C. Bird
- Department of Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Douglas A. Corley
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Cancer Unit, Hutchison-MRC Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marilie D. Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne Romero
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Medical Biophysics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas L. Vaughan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lars Westberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jesper Lagergren
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cancer Studies, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Introduction Endocrine disruptors or environmental agents, disrupt the endocrine system, leading to various adverse effects in humans and animals. Although the phenomenon has been noted historically in the cases of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), the term “endocrine disruptor” is relatively new. Endocrine disruptors can have a variety of hormonal activities such as estrogenicity or anti-androgenicity. The focus of this review concerns on the induction of hypospadias by exogenous estrogenic endocrine disruptors. This has been a particular clinical concern secondary to reported increased incidence of hypospadias. Herein, the recent literature is reviewed as to whether endocrine disruptors cause hypospadias. Methods A literature search was performed for studies involving both humans and animals. Studies within the past 5 years were reviewed and categorized into basic science, clinical science, epidemiologic, or review studies. Results Forty-three scientific articles were identified. Relevant sentinel articles were also reviewed. Additional pertinent studies were extracted from the reference of the articles that obtained from initial search results. Each article was reviewed and results presented. Overall, there were no studies which definitely stated that endocrine disruptors caused hypospadias. However, there were multiple studies which implicated endocrine disruptors as one component of a multifactorial model for hypospadias. Conclusions Endocrine disruption may be one of the many critical steps in aberrant development that manifests as hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisir Botta
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gerald R Cunha
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laurence S Baskin
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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17
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Gandhi D, Tarale P, Naoghare PK, Bafana A, Krishnamurthi K, Arrigo P, Saravanadevi S. An integrated genomic and proteomic approach to identify signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 125:8-16. [PMID: 26615145 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Present study reports the identification of genomic and proteomic signatures of endosulfan exposure in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). HepG2 cells were exposed to sublethal concentration (15μM) of endosulfan for 24h. DNA microarray and MALDI-TOF-MS analyses revealed that endosulfan induced significant alterations in the expression level of genes and proteins involved in multiple cellular pathways (apoptosis, transcription, immune/inflammatory response, carbohydrate metabolism, etc.). Furthermore, downregulation of PHLDA gene, upregulation of ACIN1 protein and caspase-3 activation in exposed cells indicated that endosulfan can trigger apoptotic cascade in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In total 135 transcripts and 19 proteins were differentially expressed. This study presents an integrated approach to identify the alteration of biological/cellular pathways in HepG2 cells upon endosulfan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gandhi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Prashant Tarale
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Pravin K Naoghare
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Amit Bafana
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Kannan Krishnamurthi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | | | - Sivanesan Saravanadevi
- Environmental Health Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, India.
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18
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Spinelli C, Strambi S, Busetto M, Pucci V, Bianco F. Effects on normalized testicular atrophy index (TAIn) in cryptorchid infants treated with GnRHa pre and post-operative vs surgery alone: a prospective randomized trial and long-term follow-up on 62 cases. Pediatr Surg Int 2014; 30:1061-7. [PMID: 25106891 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-014-3577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) therapy on normalized testicular atrophy index (TAIn) using gonadorelin before and after orchiopexy. METHODS 62 infants with 87 undescended testes (UDT) were prospectively assigned to two homogeneous groups according to age, position of UDT and TAIn. The patients were randomized to receive either orchiopexy alone or orchiopexy combined with GnRHa as nasal spray at 1.2 mg daily for 4 weeks before surgery and 4 weeks after surgery. Surgical approaches were relative to the position of the UDT: Shoemakers technique in proximal-UDT and Bianchi technique in distal-UDT. All the patients were evaluated clinically and sonographically 1 month before surgery, at the time of surgery, 1 month, 6 months and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS Ultrasound data in our study have shown a statistically significant decrease of TAIn in children given additional HT only after 5 years of follow-up, in unilateral cases and in the entirety of treated patients; in bilateral cases this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Patients with a TAIn >20% treated with preoperative and post-operative GnRHa therapy have a significant increase in testicular volume after 5 years of follow-up, as shown by the relative reduction of TAIn values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Spinelli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular pathology and Critical Area, Chair of Pediatric Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,
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19
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Brokken LJS, Giwercman YL. Gene-environment interactions in male reproductive health: special reference to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathway. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:89-96. [PMID: 24369137 PMCID: PMC3901886 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, there have been numerous reports of adverse effects on the reproductive health of wildlife and laboratory animals caused by exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The increasing trends in human male reproductive disorders and the mounting evidence for causative environmental factors have therefore sparked growing interest in the health threat posed to humans by EDCs, which are substances in our food, environment and consumer items that interfere with hormone action, biosynthesis or metabolism, resulting in disrupted tissue homeostasis or reproductive function. The mechanisms of EDCs involve a wide array of actions and pathways. Examples include the estrogenic, androgenic, thyroid and retinoid pathways, in which the EDCs may act directly as agonists or antagonists, or indirectly via other nuclear receptors. Dioxins and dioxin-like EDCs exert their biological and toxicological actions through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon-receptor, which besides inducing transcription of detoxifying enzymes also regulates transcriptional activity of other nuclear receptors. There is increasing evidence that genetic predispositions may modify the susceptibility to adverse effects of toxic chemicals. In this review, potential consequences of hereditary predisposition and EDCs are discussed, with a special focus on the currently available publications on interactions between dioxin and androgen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J S Brokken
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Molecular Genetic Reproductive Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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20
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Carmichael SL, Witte JS, Ma C, Lammer EJ, Shaw GM. Hypospadias and variants in genes related to sex hormone biosynthesis and metabolism. Andrology 2013; 2:130-7. [PMID: 24281767 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether variants in genes related to sex hormone biosynthesis and metabolism were associated with hypospadias in humans. We examined 332 relatively common tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) in 20 genes. Analyses included 633 cases (84 mild, 322 moderate, 212 severe and 15 undetermined severity) and 855 population-based non-malformed male controls born in California from 1990 to 2003. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each SNP. Several of the 332 studied SNPs had p < 0.01: one in CYP3A4, four in HSD17B3, one in HSD3B1, two in STARD3, 10 in SRD5A2 and seven in STS. In addition, haplotype analyses gave several associations with p < 0.01. For HSD17B3, 14-SNP and 5-SNP blocks had ORs of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1, 2.0, p < 0.001) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.6, 4.8, p < 0.001) respectively. For SRD5A2, 9-SNP, 3-SNP and 8-SNP blocks had ORs of 1.7 (95% CI 1.3, 2.2, p < 0.001), 1.4 (95% CI 1.1, 1.8, p = 0.008) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2, 1.9, p = 0.002) respectively. Our study indicates that several genes that contribute to sex hormone biosynthesis and metabolism are associated with hypospadias risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Carmichael
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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21
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A congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula in a boy whose mother was exposed to ionizing radiations: case report and literature review. Case Rep Urol 2013; 2013:525386. [PMID: 23533929 PMCID: PMC3600317 DOI: 10.1155/2013/525386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anterior congenital urethrocutaneous fistula is a rare anomaly that may present in an isolated fashion or in association with other anomalies of the genital urinary tract or anorectal malformations. A case of congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula nonassociated with other congenital anomalies in a 3-year-old male whose mother has been exposed to Chernobyl's nuclear fallout is described. The patient was successfully operated with no recurrence. We report a review of the literature about etiology and surgical strategy including the role of ionizing radiations. The congenital anterior urethrocutaneous fistula represents a rare malformation. The etiopathogenesis is unknown.
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Individual variation of the genetic response to bisphenol a in human foreskin fibroblast cells derived from cryptorchidism and hypospadias patients. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52756. [PMID: 23285176 PMCID: PMC3532342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We hypothesized that polymorphic differences among individuals might cause variations in the effect that environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) have on male genital malformations (MGMs). In this study, individual variation in the genetic response to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA) was investigated in human foreskin fibroblast cells (hFFCs) derived from child cryptorchidism (CO) and hypospadias (HS) patients. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS hFFCs were collected from control children without MGMs (n=5) and child CO and HS patients (n=8 and 21, respectively). BPA exposure (10 nM) was found to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP11) expression in the HS group (0.74-fold, P=0.0034) but not in the control group (0.93-fold, P=0.84) and CO group (0.94-fold, P=0.70). Significantly lower levels of MMP11 expression were observed in the HS group compared with the control group (0.80-fold, P=0.0088) and CO group (0.79-fold, P=0.039) in response to 10 nM BPA. The effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5000770 (G>A), located within the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator 2 (ARNT2) locus, on individual sensitivity to low-dose BPA was investigated in the HS group. A significant difference in neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) expression in response to 10 nM BPA was observed between AA and AG/GG groups (n=6 and 15, respectively. P=0.031). However, no significant difference in ARNT2 expression was observed (P=0.18). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study advances our understanding of the specificity of low-dose BPA effects on human reproductive health. Our results suggest that genetic variability among individuals affects susceptibility to the effects of EEDs exposure as a potential cause of HS.
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23
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Fukami M. A Commentary on Association of variants in genes involved in environmental chemical metabolism and risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias. J Hum Genet 2012; 57:405-6. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2012.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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