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Liu YT, Wang YW, Tu C, Ren JW, Huo J, Nan XJ, Dou JH, Peng ZH, Zeng WH. Recommendations for managing adult acne and adolescent acne based on an epidemiological study conducted in China. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16327. [PMID: 39009634 PMCID: PMC11251184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
There are numerous differences between adult acne and adolescent acne in terms of causes, distribution, and characteristics of skin lesions, as well as treatment. This paper aims to summarize the differences between adult and adolescent acne in China, in order to propose more suitable ways to improve their quality of life. We collected basic information, acne-related information, acne-affecting factors, quality of life scores and treatment-related information of acne patients. A total of 552 questionnaires were collected. Adult acne is typically predominant on the cheeks, similar to adolescent acne, with a relatively lower incidence in other areas, apart from the jawline. Pigmentation and depressed scars are present in nearly half of acne patients, while hypertrophic scars are less frequently observed. Teenagers often have a higher consumption of dairy products, sugary drinks, and high-sugar and high-fat foods. Eczema is more common in adult acne. Additionally, more adults than teenagers experience stress and poor quality of life related to acne. Adolescents are more likely to seek treatment online and on social media. Clinicians must thoroughly evaluate diverse risk factors and formulate personalized acne management strategies for patients with different types of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chen Tu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Wen Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Nan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Dou
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zi-He Peng
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Gordon S, Layton AM, Fawcett S, Ross K. A microRNA focus on acne. Dermatol Reports 2024; 16:9902. [PMID: 38957637 PMCID: PMC11216150 DOI: 10.4081/dr.2024.9902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne (syn. acne vulgaris) is a common inflammatory skin disorder associated with puberty and adolescence. The disease is characterized by comedoneous lesions, papules, pustules, and nodules that are mostly found on the face. These lesions are caused by intricate interactions between the pilosebaceous unit and the Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) bacteria. Unhealthy acne and its aftereffects, like pigment changes and scarring, have a detrimental impact on one's quality of life. Recent years have seen a sharp increase in the approval of nucleic acid therapies (NATs), such as antisense oligonucleotides and short-interfering RNA medications, for rare diseases for which there are few or no effective treatments. These developments suggest that NATs may be useful in acne treatment plans down the road, as do clinical trials for microRNA (miRNA) modulation in skin contexts. We highlight promising miRNA targets for anti-acne therapy in this review. We outline the pathophysiology of acne in brief and emphasize the functions of C. acnes. Next, we concentrate on the distinct impacts of biofilm and planktonic C. acnes on a Toll-like receptor 2 axis that spans miR-146a-5p, which was recently discovered. Before discussing the potential contributions of miR-21-5p, miR-233-3p, and miR-150-5p to inflammatory axes in acne, we evaluate miR-146a-5p in sebocytes. Finally, we address patient involvement in miRNA-related acne research and translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alison M. Layton
- Skin Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of York
- Harrogate and District NHS Foundation Trust, Harrogate
| | - Sandra Fawcett
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
- Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University
- Institute for Health Research, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom
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3
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Wei Z, Gao M, Liu Y, Zeng R, Liu J, Sun S, Li S, Hu L, Xiang R, Mo R, Song Z, Chen Z, Bao D, Hua D, Zouboulis CC, Feng Y, Li J, Yang Y. TRPV3 promotes sebocyte inflammation via transcriptional modulating TLR2 in acne. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167195. [PMID: 38648901 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) is an ion channel that is involved in inflammatory dermatosis development. However, the involvement of TRPV3 in acne-related inflammation remains unclear. Here, we used acne-like mice and human sebocytes to examine the role of TRPV3 in the development of acne. We found that TRPV3 expression increased in the skin lesions of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)-injected acne-like mice and the facial sebaceous glands (SGs) of acne patients. TRPV3 promoted inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secretion in human sebocytes and led to neutrophil infiltration surrounding the SGs in acne lesions, further exacerbating sebaceous inflammation and participating in acne development. Mechanistically, TRPV3 enhanced TLR2 level by promoting transcriptional factor phosphorylated-FOS-like antigen-1 (p-FOSL1) expression and its binding to the TLR2 promoter, leading to TLR2 upregulation and downstream NF-κB signaling activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TRPV3 both alleviated acne-like skin inflammation in mice via the TLR2-NF-κB axis. Thus, our study revealed the critical role of TRPV3 in sebaceous inflammation and indicated its potential as an acne therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wei
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihe Liu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuya Sun
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Linghan Hu
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiyu Xiang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Mo
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongya Song
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Bao
- Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Di Hua
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Staedtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Genetic Skin Disease Center, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Dias da Rocha MA, Saint Aroman M, Mengeaud V, Carballido F, Doat G, Coutinho A, Bagatin E. Unveiling the Nuances of Adult Female Acne: A Comprehensive Exploration of Epidemiology, Treatment Modalities, Dermocosmetics, and the Menopausal Influence. Int J Womens Health 2024; 16:663-678. [PMID: 38650835 PMCID: PMC11034510 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s431523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a skin disease exclusively affecting adolescents, characterized by inflammatory and non-inflammatory skin lesions, acne vulgaris is now increasingly observed in adult life, including post-menopause. Today, adult female acne (AFA) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit, with polymorphic lesions presenting as open or closed comedones, papules, pustules, and even nodules or cysts, often with the presence of sequelae. AFA may persist from adolescence or manifest de novo in adulthood. Its etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic, hormonal, dietary, and environmental factors, yet still incompletely understood. Increased sebum production, keratinocyte hyper-proliferation, inflammation, and reduced diversity of Cutibacterium acnes strains are the underlying disease mechanisms. During menopausal transition, a relative increase in androgen levels occurs, just as estrogens begin to decline, which can manifest itself as acne. Whereas most AFA exhibit few acne lesions with normo-androgenic serum levels, baseline investigations including androgen testing panel enable associated comorbidities to be eliminated, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, or tumors. Another interesting feature is AFA's impact on quality of life, which is greater than in adolescents, being similar to other chronic diseases like asthma. The therapeutic approach to AFA depends on its severity and associated features. This review investigates the intricate facets of AFA, with a specific focus on incidence rates, treatment modalities, and the curious impact of menopause. Utilizing insights from contemporary literature and scientific discussions, this article seeks to advance our understanding of AFA, offering new perspectives to shape clinical practices and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markéta Saint Aroman
- Corporate Medical Direction Dermocosmetics Care & Personal Care, Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Valérie Mengeaud
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Ducray, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Fabienne Carballido
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques A-Derma, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Gautier Doat
- Laboratoires Dermatologiques Avène, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Lavaur, France
| | - Ana Coutinho
- Laboratorios Pierre Fabre do Brasil LTDA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Edileia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Bień B, Krajewski PK, Szepietowski JC. Acne influences life-changing decisions among young adults. Ital J Dermatol Venerol 2024; 159:174-181. [PMID: 38650497 DOI: 10.23736/s2784-8671.24.07754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease predominantly affecting young people. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of acne in young adults on their major life-changing decisions (MLCD), paying attention to the relationships between major life-changing decisions profile (MLCDP) and Quality of Life (QoL), feeling of stigmatization and acceptance of the disease. METHODS The study was performed on 213 young people diagnosed with acne. A variety of questionnaires were employed to measure the clinical and psychological aspects of acne. RESULTS The majority of patients (N.=148, 73.3%) reported at least one MLCD that acne affected in any way (mean number 2.9±3.2, range: 0-18). The most common MLCD influenced by acne appeared to be a decision of changing eating habits (N.=132, 65.3%), followed by changing habits associated with smoking and alcohol (N.=85, 42.1%) and deciding to be more active physically (N.=61, 30.2%). The total score of MLCDP ranged from 0 to 33 points (mean 5.41±6.23 points). MLCDP total score significantly correlated with clinical acne severity (P=0.006), QoL (P<0.001), stigmatization (P<0.001) and illness acceptance (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Acne has an important impact on life-changing decisions in young adults. MLCDP correlates with impaired QoL, level of stigmatization and degree of illness acceptance. This should be taken into consideration in the holistic approach to acne patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Bień
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr K Krajewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland -
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7
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Sharma Y, Jain P, Gottam SB, Sarkar A, Prasad N. Prospective Evaluation of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment of Mature Burn Scars, Post-traumatic Scars, and Post-acne Scars. Cureus 2024; 16:e58358. [PMID: 38756282 PMCID: PMC11096773 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annually, around 100 million patients worldwide acquire scars, some of which can cause significant problems. Various treatment interventions, such as topical scar creams, steroids, laser therapy, and surgery, have been developed to manage these scars. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of fractional CO2 laser treatment by assessing outcomes using the Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and clinical photographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 47 patients were included in the study, divided into three groups: a post-acne scar group with 14 patients, a post-burn scar group with 17 patients, and a post-traumatic scar group with 16 patients. Detailed histories were taken, and clinical examinations were performed and recorded on a prepared proforma. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated based on clinical photographs, and total patient and observer scores were recorded using POSAS at baseline, and after one and three months. POSAS comprises two components: the observer scale (POSAS-O) and the patient scale (POSAS-P). Fractional CO2 laser treatments were performed in each group, with sessions repeated every four weeks for three consecutive sessions. Data were analyzed using the paired t-test for before-and-after comparisons in each study group. Welch's ANOVA test was used for comparisons among the three groups at a significance level of p=0.05, using MS Excel (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington) and IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 20 (Released 2011; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York). RESULTS The mean age for men was 26.38 ± 8.19 years and for women 22.21 ± 6.38 years. The study comprised 34 female patients (72.34%) and 13 male patients (27.66%). The mean POSAS observer and patient scales were recorded and compared for all three types of scars from baseline to three months. The mean percentage change in POSAS-O and POSAS-P (total score) in relation to different scar sites was recorded. The most significant difference in mean percentage change, statistically significant (p-value < 0.05), was observed for facial scars, followed by scars on the neck, and was minimal for scars on the hand, in both observer and patient groups. Even a single session of fractional CO2 laser therapy had profound effects on the overall quality of scars. CONCLUSION Fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy improves the quality of scars and produces significant improvements in skin texture, with better effects on post-traumatic scars than on post-burn and post-acne scars. Future studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of action and to optimize the doses and timing of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasharth Sharma
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj, IND
| | - Pradeep Jain
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Suman Babu Gottam
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
| | - Nikhil Prasad
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, IND
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8
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Santer M, Burden-Teh E, Ravenscroft J. Managing acne vulgaris: an update. Drug Ther Bull 2023; 62:6-10. [PMID: 38154809 PMCID: PMC10803966 DOI: 10.1136/dtb.2023.000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is very common and can have significant negative impact on people. While sometimes a transient problem, acne may persist for many years and often leads to permanent scars or pigment changes. Guidelines unanimously advise topical treatments as first-line, although differ in recommending either topical benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoid (mainly adapalene) alone or in combination. Guidance published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence advises counselling patients regarding avoidance of skin irritation when starting topical treatments and promoting adherence (treatments take 6-8 weeks to work). Oral antibiotics are currently overprescribed for acne but have a role when coprescribed with a non-antibiotic topical treatment. Hormonal treatments, such as the combined contraceptive pill, are also effective and there is growing evidence for the use of spironolactone for women with persistent acne. Recent guidance from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency regarding isotretinoin has implications for specialist prescribing and monitoring, and increasing public awareness of potential risks of mental health problems and sexual dysfunction. Although acne is associated with psychiatric disorder, the mental health effects of isotretinoin remain controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Santer
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Manfredini M, Sticchi A, Lippolis N, Pedroni G, Giovani M, Ciardo S, Chello C, Guida S, Farnetani F, Pellacani G. Characterization of Acne-Prone Skin with Reflectance Confocal Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography and Modifications Induced by Topical Treatment and Probiotic Supplementation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4787. [PMID: 37510902 PMCID: PMC10381777 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of acne-prone skin and absent-to-mild acne is difficult because this condition is not associated with a clinically definable situation. Previous studies showed that apparently healthy skin in patients with previous episodes of acne shows microcomedos and infundibular hyperkeratosis upon reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) evaluation. Our aim was to characterize the subclinical and microscopic characteristics of acne-prone skin by means of RCM and dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT) and evaluate microscopic changes induced by treatment. A group of 20 patients received a daily combined treatment over a period of 3 months, consisting of probiotic supplementation with three strains of 109 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus, Lactobacillus plantarum) and a combined topical product of azelaic and hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR). Clinical evaluations and non-invasive imaging acquisitions using VISIA® System, RCM, and D-OCT were performed at baseline, and after 4 and 12 weeks. The total number of clinically evident non-inflammatory lesions decreased during treatment from 11.5 to 7.3 (p < 0.05). There was also an evident reduction in microscopic acne features at RCM and D-OCT, such as the number of small bright follicles, large bright follicles and vascular threshold density at 300 μm and 500 μm depths. The types and extent of microscopic alterations in acne-prone skin patients may not be evident by clinical scores. Patients with low investigator global assessment (IGA) grades are a heterogeneous population, characterized by different microscopic skin features. Acne-prone skin is susceptible to treatment, and RCM and D-OCT imaging are sensitive tools to objectively monitor subclinical skin changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manfredini
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Sticchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicola Lippolis
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gioia Pedroni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Camilla Chello
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Guida
- Dermatology Clinic, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental & Morphological Sciences with Interest Transplant, Oncological & Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Clinic, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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10
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Mahajan S, Sawant NS, Mahajan S. Depression, body image and quality of life in acne scars. Ind Psychiatry J 2023; 32:282-287. [PMID: 38161457 PMCID: PMC10756596 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_201_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acne scars commonly occur in almost 95% of adolescents having acne. Depression and the psychosocial impact of acne have been studied by previous researchers but there are few studies on acne scar patients. Objectives To study the prevalence of depression, body image, and quality of life in patients with acne scars and the correlation of depression with body image and quality of life. Material and Methods Around 81 patients above 18 years of age clinically diagnosed as having different grades of acne by a dermatologist were assessed for depression using Becks Depression Inventory, Body image concern inventory, and Dermatology Life Quality Index and included in the study after being informed consent. Results The mean duration of acne was 6.03 ± 2.9 years, and acne scar was 2.88 ± 1.2 years. Nearly 93% of our sample had an equal preponderance of Grade 1 and Grade 2 acne scars. 31 (38.27%) patients had clinical depression with a total mean BDI score of 16.8 ± 9.7. 15 (18.5%) and 7 (8.6%) patients had moderate and severe depression respectively. Only 5 (6.17%) patients reported significant body image disturbances. All patients reported a very large effect on the quality of life due to flaws in facial appearance leading to feelings of embarrassment and impairment in sexual activities. Depression was significantly associated with grade 1 and 2 scars, body image disturbances, and quality of life. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of depression in patients with acne scarring which needs to be detected and treated. Liaison with a psychiatrist would improve the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Mahajan
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neena S. Sawant
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunanda Mahajan
- Department of Dermatology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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11
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Bhatnagar A, Mitra D, Kishore K, Kumar M, Valarmathi T, Kumar A, Kumar R. Efficacy of Carbon Peel Laser in Acne Vulgaris in Skin of Color: A Single Center Prospective Study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2023; 16:205-209. [PMID: 38189060 PMCID: PMC10768957 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_141_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acne vulgaris is a chronic disease of pilosebaceous units that affects approximately 80% of adult population. Despite various treatment modalities being reported, treating acne with minimal side effects is difficult. Specifically, topical carbon suspension combined with QsNdYAG laser treatment (carbon peel laser technique) has gained popularity recently for effective treatment of acne vulgaris. Objectives To study the efficacy of carbon peel laser technique in the management of acne vulgaris (Grade II-IV) in skin of color. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was done on 35 patients who presented with acne vulgaris Grade II-IV, who were poorly compliant to treatment with topical/systemic agents owing to side effects or failure of treatment, to meet patient's expectations. The patients were subjected to an initial topical application of carbon suspension (Cosderma Carbon gel) followed by treatment with quality switching neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Qs:NdYAG) laser in two modes (quasi long pulsed mode followed by Q switched mode 1064 nm). The treatment consisted of three sittings with intervals of 2 weeks. The patients were asked to avoid use of any topical/systemic medication for acne during this period. Results Significant reduction of erythematous and nodular acne lesions was noted after three sittings of "carbon peel laser technique". Among 35 patients, 28 (80%) showed >80% improvement and 7 (20%) showed 50%-80% improvement in skin lesions in the form of decrease in the number and size of lesions and extent of inflammation, with no patients nonresponsive to treatment. The postprocedure complications were minimal; 6 (20%) developed erythema, and 1 (3.3%) patient developed mild tolerable pain with no post inflammatory hyper/hypopigmentation. The postprocedure mean ISGA (Investigator Status Global Assessment) was 1.342 as compared with preprocedure mean ISGA of 3.657 with value of P <0.0001. Conclusion Carbon peel laser technique is an effective method for the management of acne vulgaris in skin of color with minimal side effects and significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debdeep Mitra
- Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Manish Kumar
- Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Arun Kumar
- Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Command Hospital Air Force, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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12
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Cho YH, Oh SM, Choi JY, Jeong KH. Acne treatment based on selective photothermolysis with topically delivered light-absorbing platinum nanoparticles. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:125. [PMID: 37209256 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03787-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung-Min Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | | | - Ki-Heon Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, 23 Kyung Hee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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13
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Usman M, Abbas T. Development and validation of stability indicating HPLC–PDA method for the simultaneous determination of benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin in topical dosage form. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-023-00473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acne vulgaris is a very dangerous skin disease leads to psychological disorders. Benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin in combination with topical dosage are used to improve the appearance of acne-prone skin. The study aimed to develop and validate an HPLC–PDA method for the simultaneous estimation of both drugs. Intentional modifications were implemented in the analytical method to get better optimum conditions. The final method was chosen for the reverse phase chromatographic separation by using the C18 column as a stationary phase and 0.01 M phosphate buffer adjusted pH 2.5 mixed with acetonitrile (25:75 v/v) as a mobile phase. The optimized conditions were 1.5 mL/min flow rate, 30 °C column temperature, 5 °C autosampler temperature, and 20 µL injection volume. The wavelength was chosen for detection of Benzoyl peroxide at 272 nm and Tretinoin at 353 nm by utilizing a PDA detector. All standard and sample solutions were made in methanol.
Results
The developed method exhibited peak retention times of 2.94 min for Benzoyl peroxide and 11.34 min for Tretinoin. This analytical method was proven to be robust, linear in calibration curve, accurate, precise, and specific. The forced degradation studies results showed that a high degree of specificity was obtained by separating both analytes from produced impurities completely.
Conclusions
The developed analytical method is fast, economic and stability indicating. It is useful for routine pharmaceutical analysis where the combination of benzoyl peroxide and tretinoin is formulated for their quality and safety.
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Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies novel loci conferring risk of acne vulgaris. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01326-8. [PMID: 36922633 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disorder presenting with comedones, cystic structures forming within the distal hair follicle, and in most cases additionally with inflammatory skin lesions on the face and upper torso. We performed a genome-wide association study and meta-analysis of data from 34,422 individuals with acne and 364,991 controls from three independent European-ancestry cohorts. We replicated 19 previously implicated genome-wide significant risk loci and identified four novel loci [11q12.2 (FADS2), 12q21.1 (LGR5), 17q25.3 (FASN), and 22q12.1 (ZNRF3-KREMEN1)], bringing the total number of reported acne risk loci to 50. Our meta-analysis results explain 9.4% of the phenotypic variance of acne. A polygenic model of acne risk variants showed that individuals in the top 5% of the risk percentiles had a 1.62-fold (95% CI 1.47-1.78) increased acne risk relative to individuals with average risk (20-80% on the polygenic risk score distribution). Our findings highlight the Wnt and MAPK pathways as key factors in the genetic predisposition to acne vulgaris, together with the effects of genetic variation on the structure and maintenance of the hair follicle and pilosebaceous unit. Two novel loci, 11q12.2 and 17q25.3, contain genes encoding key enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis pathways.
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15
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Chen P, Li S, Xiao Y, Zou B, Li J, Chen X, Tang Y, Shen M. Long-term exposure to low levels of ambient UVB are associated with a decreased risk of moderate-to-severe acne: A retrospective cohort study in college students. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2023; 39:132-139. [PMID: 36545686 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a crucial component of solar radiation, the association between exposure to ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation and acne remains unclear. METHODS This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study of incoming college students in five universities of China. Previous exposure (6 years prior to enrollment) to different wavelengths of ambient UVs were obtained from public repositories by linking to individual hometown addresses. Logistic models were applied to assess the relationship between ambient UV exposure and acne. Subgroup analysis was conducted by sun protection behaviors and time of daily sun exposure. Overall effect and single effect of exposure to four different wavelengths of UVs (305, 310, 324, and 380 nm) were estimated by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). RESULTS A total of 19,939 participants was included for analysis. Analysis in all participants showed a significant association between log-transformation levels of exposure to UV at 305 nm (log (UV 305 nm)) and acne (OR = 0.77, p = .021). The effect size was stronger in participants reporting no sun protection habit. Both UVs at 305 nm (OR = 0.51, p = .001) and 310 nm (OR = 0.50, p = .012) were associated a decreased risk of acne in participants reporting no sun protection habit. This inverse association was also observed in those exposed to low levels of UV (<1 h/day). The BKMR indicated consistent results that low levels of exposure to UVs combination and UVs at 305 and 310 nm were associated with a lower risk of acne. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to relatively low levels of ambient UVB are associated with a decreased risk of moderate-to-severe acne in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenxin Li
- Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Science, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Department of Surveying and Remote Sensing Science, School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Mias C, Mengeaud V, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H. Recent advances in understanding inflammatory acne: Deciphering the relationship between Cutibacterium acnes and Th17 inflammatory pathway. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37 Suppl 2:3-11. [PMID: 36729400 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease of the pilosebaceous units. Four factors contribute to acne: hyperseborrhea and dysseborrhea, follicular hyperkeratinisation, skin microbiome dysbiosis and local immuno-inflammation. Recent key studies have highlighted a better understanding of the important role of Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) in the development of acne. Three major findings in the last decade include: (1) the ability of C. acnes to self-organize in a biofilm associated with a more virulent activity, (2) the loss of the C. acnes phylotype diversity and (3) the central role of the Th17 pathway in acne inflammation. Indeed, there is a close link between C. acnes and the activation of the Th17 immuno-inflammatory pathway at the initiation of acne development. These mechanisms are directly linked to the loss of C. acnes phylotype diversity during acne, with a predominance of the pro-pathogenic phylotype IA1. This specifically contributes to the induction of the Th17-mediated immuno-inflammatory response involving skin cells, such as keratinocytes, monocytes and sebocytes. These advancements have led to new insights into the underlying mechanisms which can be harnessed to develop novel treatments and diagnostic biomarkers. A major disadvantage of traditional treatment with topical antibiotics is that they induce cutaneous dysbiosis and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, future treatments would no longer aim to 'kill' C. acnes, but to maintain the skin microbiota balance allowing for tissue homeostasis, specifically, the restoration of C. acnes phylotype diversity. Here, we provide an overview of some of the key processes involved in the pathogenesis of acne, with a focus on the prominent role of C. acnes and the Th17-inflammatory pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Mias
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique and Personal Care, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique and Personal Care, Toulouse, France
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17
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Kutlu Ö, Karadağ AS, Wollina U. Adult acne versus adolescent acne: a narrative review with a focus on epidemiology to treatment. An Bras Dermatol 2023; 98:75-83. [PMID: 36253244 PMCID: PMC9837660 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is one of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by papules, pustules, comedones, and nodules. Although adolescence is the preferential age group, acne may affect various age groups. Acne shares different properties in adults and adolescents. These differences extend from epidemiology to treatments. Increased awareness of these two subtypes will allow for better management of the disease. In this review, the authors examined all aspects of acne in adults and adolescents under the light of current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Kutlu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, School of Medicine, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey,Corresponding author.
| | - Ayşe Serap Karadağ
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Memorial Ataşehir Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Uwe Wollina
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Academic Teaching Hospital Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Tai M, Zhang C, Ma Y, Yang J, Mai Z, Li C, Leng G. Acne and its post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation treatment by applying anti-acne dissolving microneedle patches. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:6913-6919. [PMID: 36059276 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acne is a significant problem in young people. At present, most acne treatment products are topically applied cosmetics, whose efficacy is limited by the stratum corneum. The dissolving microneedle technique can effectively deliver drug molecules into the body. In this study, dissolving microneedles containing anti-acne ingredients were tested for human efficacy and safety. METHODS We conducted a 28-day clinical efficacy and safety trial on 30 individuals with visible facial acne. During the trial, anti-acne microneedle (AA-DMN) patches were applied to designated skin areas once daily for 28 consecutive days. Skin pigmentation was measured using a Courage + Khazaka skin melanin and hemoglobin test probe Mexameter MX18. Acne volume was measured using a Canfieldsci skin rapid optical imaging system PRIMOS. In addition, skin irritation was evaluated via self-report and dermatologist's examination. RESULTS The AA-DMN patches showed good efficacy including improvement of skin pigmentation and reduced acne volume. Acne volume was reduced by 12.34% after 3 days of patch use and further reduced by 10.01% after 7 continuous days of use. After 28 days of treatment, skin melanin decreased by 5.88% and heme decreased by 7.83%. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the participants. CONCLUSIONS Anti-acne microneedle patches showed an excellent effect in reducing acne and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), without adverse skin reactions. The novel AA-DMN patch is a safe and effective anti-acne treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Tai
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Jiangmen, China
| | - Chenggong Zhang
- Organic Functional Materials and Applied Technology Institute, SuZhou, China
| | - Yonghao Ma
- Youwe (ZhuHai) Biotechnology Company Ltd, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Youwe (ZhuHai) Biotechnology Company Ltd, Zhuhai, China
| | | | - Chengguo Li
- Youwe (ZhuHai) Biotechnology Company Ltd, Zhuhai, China
| | - Gang Leng
- Youwe (ZhuHai) Biotechnology Company Ltd, Zhuhai, China
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19
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Picardo M, Cardinali C, La Placa M, Lewartowska‐Białek A, Lora V, Micali G, Montisci R, Morbelli L, Nova A, Parodi A, Reich A, Sebastian M, Turek‐Urasińska K, Weirich O, Zdybski J, Zouboulis CC. Efficacy and safety of N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO gel in patients with moderate-to severe facial acne vulgaris: a phase IIb randomized double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:507-514. [PMID: 35553043 PMCID: PMC9796277 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have supported the efficacy of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) modulator N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO (NAC-GED) for the treatment of acne-inducing sebocyte differentiation, improving sebum composition and controlling the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NAC-GED (5% and 2%) in patients with moderate-to-severe facial acne vulgaris. METHODS This double-blind phase II randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at 36 sites in Germany, Italy and Poland. Patients aged 12-30 years with facial acne, an Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) score of 3-4, and an inflammatory and noninflammatory lesion count of 20-100 were randomized to topical application of the study drug (2% or 5%) or placebo (vehicle), once daily for 12 weeks. The co-primary efficacy endpoints were percentage change from baseline in total lesion count (TLC) and IGA success at week 12; the safety endpoints were adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs. This study was registered with EudraCT (2018-003307-19). RESULTS Between Q1 in 2019 and Q1 in 2020 450 patients [n = 418 (92·9%) IGA 3; n = 32 (7·1%) IGA 4] were randomly assigned to NAC-GED 5% (n = 150), NAC-GED 2% (n = 150) or vehicle (n = 150). The percentage change in TLC reduction was statistically significantly higher in both the NAC-GED 5% [-57·1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) -60·8 to -53·4; P < 0·001] and NAC-GED 2% (-44·7%, 95% CI -49·1 to -40·1; P < 0·001) groups compared with vehicle (-33·9%, 95% CI -37·6 to -30·2). A higher proportion of patients treated with NAC-GED 5% experienced IGA success (45%, 95% CI 38-53) vs. the vehicle group (24%, 95% CI 18-31; P < 0·001). The IGA success rate was 33% in the NAC-GED 2% group (P = not significant vs. vehicle). The percentage of patients who had one or more AEs was 19%, 16% and 19% in the NAC-GED 5%, NAC-GED 2% and vehicle groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The topical application of NAC-GED 5% reduced TLC, increased the IGA success rate and was safe for use in patients with acne vulgaris. Thus, NAC-GED, a new PPARγ modulator, showed an effective clinical response. What is already known about this topic? Acne vulgaris, one of the most common dermatological diseases, affects more than 85% of adolescents. There is a medical need for innovative and safe treatment of acne vulgaris. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) is involved in lipid metabolism and specifically in cell differentiation, sebum production and the inflammatory reaction. What does this study add? N-acetyl-GED-0507-34-LEVO (NAC-GED 5%), a PPARγ modulator, significantly improves acne manifestations in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and is safe and well tolerated. The results suggest that the PPARγ receptor is a novel therapeutic target for acne. The results provide a basis for a large phase III trial to assess the effectiveness and safety profile of NAC-GED in combating a disease that afflicts 80-90% of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Picardo
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Viviana Lora
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics ResearchSan Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Giuseppe Micali
- P.O. Rodolico (University Hospital Vittorio Emanuele), U.O.C. DermatologyCataniaItaly
| | | | | | | | - Aurora Parodi
- University Hospital San Martino, U.O. DermatologyGenovaItaly
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of RzeszówRzeszówPoland
| | - Michael Sebastian
- Dermatologische Gemeinschaftspraxis ScholzSebastian, Schilling, Blankenfelde‐MahlowGermany
| | | | | | | | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, VenereologyAllergology and Immunology Dessau Medical Center Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgDessauGermany
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20
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Yang Y, Qu L, Mijakovic I, Wei Y. Advances in the human skin microbiota and its roles in cutaneous diseases. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:176. [PMID: 36038876 PMCID: PMC9422115 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ in the human body, and the interplay between the environment factors and human skin leads to some skin diseases, such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis. As the first line of human immune defense, skin plays significant roles in human health via preventing the invasion of pathogens that is heavily influenced by the skin microbiota. Despite being a challenging niche for microbes, human skin is colonized by diverse commensal microorganisms that shape the skin environment. The skin microbiota can affect human health, and its imbalance and dysbiosis contribute to the skin diseases. This review focuses on the advances in our understanding of skin microbiota and its interaction with human skin. Moreover, the potential roles of microbiota in skin health and diseases are described, and some key species are highlighted. The prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies for microbe-related skin diseases, such as healthy diets, lifestyles, probiotics and prebiotics, are discussed. Strategies for modulation of skin microbiota using synthetic biology are discussed as an interesting venue for optimization of the skin-microbiota interactions. In summary, this review provides insights into human skin microbiota recovery, the interactions between human skin microbiota and diseases, and the strategies for engineering/rebuilding human skin microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China.,Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China.,College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yongjun Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China. .,Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450051, China.
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21
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Therapeutic evaluation of herbal formulation in acne vulgaris and its influence on quality of life - a single-arm clinical trial. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Donytasari FM, Jusuf NK, Putra IB. Correlation between Sebum Level and Follicular Fluorescence in Acne Vulgaris Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is multifactorial involving four important factors, including follicular epidermal hyperproliferation, increased sebum production, increased activity of C. acnes and inflammation. Increased sebum levels can increase the production of porphyrins which appear as red-orange fluorescence on the faces of patients with acne vulgaris.
Objective: To determine the correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence in acne vulgaris patients.
Subjects and Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with cross sectional data collection method involving 60 acne vulgaris patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Basic data were recorded including age and gender. Sebum levels were measured using a Sebumeter® SM 815 (C & K, Courage-Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) and follicular fluorescence was examined using a Visiopor® PP34 camera (C & K, Courage-Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). The correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence was analyzed using Spearman correlation. The result was significant if the p value<0.05.
Results: Acne vulgaris was more common in women (76.7%) with a mean age of 22.52 years, the youngest was 18 years old and the eldest was 36 years old. The results of this study showed a positive correlation with moderate strength between sebum levels and the spot counts (r = 0.495) and positive correlation with weak strength between sebum levels and the percentage of the area covered with follicular fluorescence spots (r = 0.349).
Conclusion: There is a correlation between sebum levels and follicular fluorescence in acne vulgaris patients.
Keywords: acne vulgaris, sebum level, follicular fluorescence.
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23
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Lytvyn Y, McDonald K, Mufti A, Beecker J. Comparing the frequency of isotretinoin-induced hair loss at <0.5-mg/kg/d versus ≥0.5-mg/kg/d dosing in acne patients: A systematic review. JAAD Int 2022; 6:125-142. [PMID: 35199047 PMCID: PMC8841364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdin.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 1 million isotretinoin prescriptions are authorized in the United States per year. An insight into the frequency, dose dependency, timing, and reversibility of hair loss associated with isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris could help guide dosing regimens and patient counseling. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the frequency of hair loss in patients with acne vulgaris on <0.5 mg/kg/d daily doses of isotretinoin versus the frequency of hair loss in patients with acne vulgaris on ≥0.5 mg/kg/d daily doses of isotretinoin. An Embase and MEDLINE search was conducted on July 15, 2020, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The review focused on acne vulgaris patients. The treatment of acne vulgaris is the most common use of isotretinoin, and the population is typically younger and with fewer comorbidities. Twenty-two studies reported hair loss with oral isotretinoin treatment. A frequency analysis suggested that patients with acne vulgaris on <0.5 mg/kg/d of isotretinoin experienced hair loss at a frequency of 3.2% (n = 18/565) compared with those on ≥0.5 mg/kg/d, who experienced hair loss at a frequency of 5.7% (n = 192/3375). Inferential statistics were not possible. Physicians should consider counseling patients about the risk of telogen effluvium prior to drug initiation, as is commonly done for other side effects. The potential trend of increased hair loss frequency at a higher daily dosing warrants further investigation using higher-quality research.
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Shi L, Yang Y, Zhang L, Yan J, Zhang H, Li C, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhou Z, Wang X. Efficacy and therapeutic reactions of tri-needle-pretreatment combined with painless ALA-PDT for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 37:102680. [PMID: 34929354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our clinical experience suggests that pretreatment of the original lesions may be crucial for enhancing the efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. We performed this randomized controlled trial (RCT) to validate this observation. METHODS Efficacy and therapeutic reactions between tri-needle-pretreatment with ALA-PDT (TP-PDT) and conventional ALA-PDT without pretreatment (NP-PDT) were compared. In TP-PDT group, tri-needle-pretreatment was performed using comedone extractors, fire needles, or plum-blossom needles, according to the lesion type. In the TP-PDT group, 5% ALA cream was applied to lesions 30 min before illumination (LED red light: 633±10 nm, 40 mW/cm2, 150 J/cm2). In the NP-PDT group, 5% ALA cream was applied 1 h before illumination (60 mW/cm2, 72 J/cm2). Patients underwent four sessions, at 1-week intervals. The efficacy was evaluated as the proportion of patients achieving a remarkable effective rate, based on the reduction in the number of lesions. A numeric rating scale was used to assess the severity of pain, erythema, and edema. RESULTS Forty-eight patients completed the trial. The proportion of remarkable effective rate was significantly greater and the pain score was significantly lower for the TP-PDT than NP-PDT group. The edema score was significantly higher for the TP-PDT than NP-PDT group. There was no difference in erythema scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION The tri-needle-pretreatment can improve the efficacy of ALA-PDT, without an increase in pain, for the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris. These qualities make the TP-PDT a promising gold standard pretreatment for ALA-PDT for acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yutong Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Yan
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongxia Zhou
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Auffret N, Ngyen JM, Leccia MT, Claudel JP, Dréno B. TRASS: a global approach to assess the severity of truncal acne. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:897-904. [PMID: 35170810 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Only a small amount of published data regarding truncal acne is available and no proper tool to assess its severity exists. AIM to provide dermatologists with an easy-to-use tool to assess truncal acne (TRASS, truncal acne severity scale) using a global approach. METHODS A scoring tool that assesses the severity of acne (based on GEA and ECLA scales) on the trunk using a global approach was built, including three subscores: family history, clinical signs and quality of life (QoL). In order to test TRASS, the experts used photos of 47 patients attending their clinics with truncal acne. The ROP (Regression OPtimized) model was applied to assess the diagnosis performance of TRASS and to identify items contributing to the classification of the patients. Internal testing was made to demonstrate the robustness of the model. Correlation analyses between the different items were performed to evaluate the interaction between the different items and their impact on the severity grading of truncal acne. RESULTS Patients with the most severe acne were identified by TRASS. The error level was 6.6% after internal validation and 10.4% when using the median value or the centile 75th (6.6% and 10.4%). Correlation was significant between systemic treatment and scars (p=0.0025) and nodules (p=0.01988) and between location and QoL (p=0.0095). CONCLUSION TRASS is the first global, patient-centred approach to evaluate truncal acne by scoring the importance of each factor independently from its clinical severity. TRASS may allow the practitioner to choose and validate the most suitable therapy together with the patient in order to treat his or her truncal acne successfully and to limit treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J M Ngyen
- Biostatistic and Epidemiology, Inserm U1232, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Thérèse Leccia
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Photobiology, CHU A Michallon, Grenoble, France
| | | | - B Dréno
- UF dermato-cancérologie, CHU Nantes-Hôtel-Dieu, CIC Biothérapie Inserm 05031, Inserm, U1232, Nantes, France
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Li X, Cao Y, An SJ, Xiang Y, Huang HX, Xu B, Zhang Y, Li YF, Lu YG, Cai TJ. The association between short-term ambient air pollution and acne vulgaris outpatient visits: a hospital-based time-series analysis in Xi'an. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14624-14633. [PMID: 34617215 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16607-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that exposure to ambient airborne pollutants is associated with inflammatory skin diseases, but the epidemiological evidence regarding the association between air pollution and acne vulgaris is limited. To address that, a hospital-based time-series analysis was conducted in Xi'an, a metropolitan in northwest China. A total of 71,625 outpatient visits for acne from 2010 to 2013 were identified. The mean daily concentrations of PM10, SO2, and NO2 were 142.6 μg/m3, 44.7 μg/m3, and 48.5 μg/m3, and all were higher than WHO air quality guidelines. A generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between short-term ambient air pollution exposure and outpatient visits for acne. The gender- and age-specific analyses were conducted as well. The results showed that the increase of SO2 and NO2 concentrations corresponded to a significant rise in the number of outpatient visits for acne at lag 0 in both single-lag and cumulative exposure models. Both SO2 and NO2 were positively associated with acne outpatient visits for both males and females. In age-specific analyses, the effect estimate of PM10 was only significant for adults over 30 years old; SO2 was significantly associated with acne visits in children and adolescents (<21 years) and young adults (21-30 years); and NO2 was significantly associated with acne visits in all age subgroups. In conclusion, short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants (PM10, SO2, or NO2) with the average levels above WHO limits was associated with increased risk of outpatient visits for both teenage acne and adult acne. Moreover, the effects of air pollutants may vary with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Yi Cao
- Department of Health Economics Management, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Jie An
- Medical Department, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University), Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - He-Xiang Huang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Ya-Fei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038
| | - Yuan-Gang Lu
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong-Jian Cai
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Main Street, Shapingba, Chongqing, People's Republic of China, 400038.
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Yıldırım F, Mert B, Çağatay E, Aksoy B. Predictors of quality of life in adults and adolescents with acne: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:239-246. [PMID: 36386112 PMCID: PMC9644776 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_781_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acne is becoming more prevalent in adults, particularly women across the globe. Although previous studies have compared clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of adolescent and adult acne, an adequate understanding of the quality of life (QoL) of adult acne patients and associated comorbidities are still lacking. Objectives: We sought to compare the differences between adolescent and adult patient groups, regarding gender, socio-clinico-demographic factors, and comorbid associations, as well as their relatedness with life quality. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 1013 acne patients. Data on the severity, onset and location of acne, sex, family history of acne, smoking and alcohol habits, medication history, presence of seborrhea, and other comorbidities were collected. We employed the classification used by the American Academy of Dermatology for assessing acne severity. To assess the QoL in the patients, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score was used. Results: Of the 1013 patients included in this study; 380 (female: 333, male: 47) were adult, and 633 (female: 535 and male: 98) were adolescent cases. The median total DLQI scores of adult and adolescent groups were not significantly different. Our results showed that factors such as age, gender, duration, body mass index, family history, and psychiatric disorders exhibited no impact on QoL in both adolescents and adults. Age of onset was correlated with DLQI scores in the adult group. The main influencers of DLQI in the adult group were allergic disorders, hormonal imbalances, and previous treatment history. Besides, major influencers in adolescent patients were acne severity, acne location, hirsutism, hyperseborrhea, premenstrual exacerbation, menstrual irregularities, previous treatment history, and smoking. Conclusions: The findings of our current study have shown that DLQI has been influenced by different factors in adolescents and adults that should be kept in mind.
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Roengritthidet K, Kamanamool N, Udompataikul M, Rojhirunsakool S, Khunket S, Kanokrungsee S. Association Between Diet and Acne Severity: A Cross-sectional Study in Thai Adolescents and Adults. Acta Derm Venereol 2021; 101:adv00611. [PMID: 34806756 PMCID: PMC9472088 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v101.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between diet and acne is of growing concern. Every country has its own food culture; however, only a few studies have surveyed the influence of Asian cuisine on acne. This study investigated the association between acne severity and diet/lifestyle factors in 2,467 Thai adolescents and adults. Data were collected via a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. In Thai adolescents and adults, the prevalence of mild acne was 52%, moderate acne 22%, and severe acne 8%. No acne was found in 18% of participants. The dietary factors associated with increased severity of acne were consumption of chocolate >100 g/week (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.29; 95% CI 1.07–1.56), oily and fried food >3 times/week (aOR 1.84; 95% CI 1.07–3.16) and white rice (aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.24–2.63). Conversely, the factors associated with decreased severity of acne were consumption of sugar-free milk-free tea (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.43–0.87) and vegetables (aOR 0.74; 95% CI 0.62–0.89).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Silada Kanokrungsee
- Graduate school, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 21, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
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Daye M, Cihan FG, Işık B, Hafızoğlu B. Evaluation of bowel habits in patients with acne vulgaris. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14903. [PMID: 34553475 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the bowel habits of patients with acne vulgaris. METHOD In this case-control study, socio-demographical characteristics of the participants (age, gender, marital status, educational status, profession, economic status, smoking-alcohol habits, chronic diseases, previous operations, people they live with and diet) were questioned and the global acne grading scores of the patients were calculated. Bristol Stool Scale, Rome III IBS Criteria, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Hospital Anxiety Depression and KADF (dietary fibre information) scales were completed. RESULTS The patient group consisted of 102 participants and the control group consisted of 104 participants. The mean age was 20.9 ± 3.9 years old in the case group and 21.8 ± 5.0 years old in the control group. Patient and control groups were similar in terms of age and gender. Smoking rates were significantly higher in the patient group (P = .035). The amount of coffee consumed/day was significantly higher in the patient group (P = .040). According to the global acne grading scores, 55.9% (n = 57) had medium, 39.2% (n = 40) had mild, 3.9% (n = 4) had severe and 1% (n = 1) had very severe acne. Anxiety scores were found to be significantly higher in the patient group (P = .005). When the case and control groups were compared for IBS presence, no significant difference was found (P = .317). Also, IBS was not related to acne severity (P = .162). CONCLUSION Further large sample sized studies are needed on this subject, as there is strong evidence about brain-gut-skin axis existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munise Daye
- Department of Dermatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gökşin Cihan
- Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Begüm Işık
- Department of Dermatology, Meram Medical Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Berna Hafızoğlu
- Department of Family Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Costa CS, Bagatin E, Yang Z, Pacheco RL, Magin P, de Sá Urtiga Santos L, Pereira T, Riera R. Systemic pharmacological treatments for acne: an overview of systematic reviews. Hippokratia 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S Costa
- Department of Specialised Medicine, Discipline of Dermatology; Universidade Federal do Piaui; Teresina Brazil
| | - Ediléia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Zhirong Yang
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care; School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Rafael L Pacheco
- Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Saúde Baseada em Evidências e Avaliação Tecnológica em Saúde (NEP-SBEATS); Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Parker Magin
- Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine and Public Health; The University of Newcastle; Newcastle Australia
| | | | - Tiago Pereira
- International Research Center HAOC. Health Technology Assessment Unit; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rachel Riera
- Cochrane Brazil Rio de Janeiro; Cochrane; Petrópolis Brazil
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Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M. Vergleichende Metaanalyse zur Behandlung atropher Aknenarben mit Erbium-Laser versus CO 2 -Laser. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1559-1570. [PMID: 34811904 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14546_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Husein Husein-ElAhmed
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Baza, Granada, Spain.,Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar University, Medical School, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Baroud S, Wu J, Zouboulis CC. Acne Syndromes and Mosaicism. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111735. [PMID: 34829964 PMCID: PMC8615598 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal mosaicism is the coexistence of cells with at least two genotypes, by the time of birth, in an individual derived from a single zygote, which leads to a disease phenotype. Somatic mosaicism can be further categorized into segmental mosaicism and nonsegmental somatic mosaicism. Acne is a chronic illness characterized by inflammatory changes around and in the pilosebaceous units, commonly due to hormone- and inflammatory signaling-mediated factors. Several systemic disorders, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and seborrhoea-acne-hirsutism-androgenetic alopecia syndrome have classically been associated with acne. Autoinflammatory syndromes, including PAPA, PASH, PAPASH, PsAPASH, PsaPSASH, PASS, and SAPHO syndromes include acneiform lesions as a key manifestation. Mosaic germline mutations in the FGFR2 gene have been associated with Apert syndrome and nevus comedonicus, two illnesses that are accompanied by acneiform lesions. In this review, we summarize the concept of cutaneous mosaicism and elaborate on acne syndromes, as well as acneiform mosaicism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumer Baroud
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jim Wu
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology, and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, 06847 Dessau, Germany; (S.B.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-340-501-4000
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Valente Duarte de Sousa IC. Guidance for the pharmacological management of acne vulgaris. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 23:49-62. [PMID: 34686076 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1990263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many international guidelines and expert consensuses are available to help the clinician diagnose and treat acne vulgaris; however, a simplified practical guidance that integrates current existing published recommendations is still lacking. This article aims to give practical and simplified insight into the treatment of acne. AREAS COVERED Herein, the author discusses the treatment of comedonal, papulopustular, and nodular/cystic/conglobate acne. The author also proposes a simplified treatment escalation strategy that is based on disease severity and extension, starting with topical treatments for mild cases and progressing over to systemic therapies in more severe cases. EXPERT OPINION The ideal acne treatment would simultaneously and safely target all the pathogenic factors implicated in the appearance of acne lesions with minimal side effects. Since no such treatment currently exists, combination therapies are usually recommended for most types of acne. A major limitation in choosing an appropriate treatment plan is the discrepant use of classification systems across the published literature making it difficult to draw clear and succinct conclusions about the recommendations given. Acne is not a traditional infectious disease and so while antibiotics may improve symptoms, they do not reliably resolve the condition. Thus, there is currently a tendency to opt for antibiotic-sparing treatment strategies whenever possible.
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Cutibacterium acnes tetracycline resistance profile in patients with acne vulgaris, in a Colombian dermatologic center. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Casabona G, Alfertshofer MG, Kaye KO, Frank K, Mercado-Perez A, Hargiss JB, Green JB, Cotofana S. Safety and efficacy of microneedling technology in the treatment of acne scars. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3482-3491. [PMID: 34596936 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current options for the reduction of acne scarring (eg, ablative laser resurfacing) are associated with considerable side effects and limitations in terms of patient population. Percutaneous collagen induction via microneedling poses an alternative treatment method due to its low rates of reported adverse events and side effects. OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and effectiveness of microneedling treatments in reducing acne scars. METHODS A total of 22 patients (18 females and 4 males) with a mean age of 38 ± 7.6 years were assessed regarding the appearance of facial acne scarring. Acne scars were assessed via the Acne Scar Assessment Scale (ASAS) and the Goodman and Baron acne scar grading scale before and after two/three treatments. Additionally, the post-interventional development of side reactions, adverse events, and patient-reported outcomes (eg, pain/discomfort, skin redness) was reported. RESULTS Compared to baseline, the mean ASAS value was improved statistically significantly on average by 1.41 and 1.46 after the second treatment as assessed by the independent raters and the patients, respectively. In patients who received a total of three treatments, a statistically significant mean improvement in ASAS value of 1.35 and 1.66 compared to baseline was assessed by the independent raters and patients, respectively. No unexpected adverse events were reported. The severity and rate of side reactions decreased over the course of this study. CONCLUSION Microneedling treatments can pose a safe and effective option in the reduction of acne scarring. In this study, microneedling helped achieving a significant reduction of acne scars while showing high patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael G Alfertshofer
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Konstantin Frank
- Department of Hand, Plastic, and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Arnaldo Mercado-Perez
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John B Hargiss
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeremy B Green
- Skin Associates of South Florida and Skin Research Institute, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Sebastian Cotofana
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Chun-Yan C, Guang-Yao X, Yan-Yan S, Ming-Shu X, Peng L. Acupuncture: A therapeutic approach against acne. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3829-3838. [PMID: 34599626 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acne is a common but chronic skin disease that influence large population especially juvenile. Acne can continue, begin, or grow into severe form in adult age, affecting face, back, and chest. It may be a serious issue if not cared or treated timely. Even if acne got treated it leaves a persistent scar, which is difficult to alleviate. These acne lesions are long-lasting and result in significant impact on mental and physical health of an individual. There are four mechanisms that are involved in acne lesion formation. However, the accurate series of events of the interaction among the factors in acne pathogenesis is still unsettled. Pubescent acne is due to increase hormone levels, when in fact adult acne is due to fluctuation in hormone levels. There are various approaches for the treatment of acne, including oral medications, creams or gels, acupuncture. Traditional Chinese Medicine stated acne as a infection that is associated with the pathogenic influence of damp heat and heat on specific meridians. As an ancient and integral part of Chinese medicine acupuncture therapy is employed in the treatment of many diseases including acne. It functions by ameliorating the deep-rooted mechanisms playing crucial role in acne development. In this review, we have explained the acne causes, pathogenesis, and its available treatment options. Additionally, we also discussed the acupuncture therapy methods, devices, different techniques. and its mechanism of action in treating acne. Furthermore, clinical trials studies motivated us to highlight the scope of acupuncture in the growing system of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chun-Yan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Qigong, Taiji Health Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Guang-Yao
- The Eighth Department of Surgery, the Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shang Yan-Yan
- Shanghai Research Institute of Qigong, Taiji Health Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Ming-Shu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Peng
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M. Comparative appraisal with meta-analysis of erbium vs. CO 2 lasers for atrophic acne scars. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2021; 19:1559-1568. [PMID: 34558190 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in laser technology allowed the development of systems that improve texture, appearance and pliability of skin in acne scars (AS). Currently, comprehensive comparative studies on the efficacy of the most commonly used fractional systems in AS are lacking. Thus, the aim of this work was to appraise and compare the clinical response to erbium versus CO2 lasers in AS in the form of a meta-analysis. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library were searched. Main clinical outcomes were investigator-reported scar improvement and participant-reported scar improvement. Five studies were included in this meta-analysis. Scar improvement was similar for both types of laser in terms of investigator-reported scar improvement (RR: 0.60 95 % CI: 0.35-1.02) and participant-reported scar improvement (RR: 0.99 95 % CI: 0.79-1.25). A sensitivity analysis that excluded studies with high risk of bias found the CO2 lasers to be superior to the erbium lasers (RR: 0.47 95 % CI: 0.24-0.93): However, the subgroup analysis showed the CO2 laser not to be significantly different from either the non-ablative erbium (RR: 0.65 95 % CI: 0.34-1.24) or the ablative erbium laser (RR: 0.60 95 % CI: 0.35-1.02). The CO2 laser produced a slightly greater clinical response compared to the erbium lasers based on the physician's assessment. Overall, the two devices do not differ largely in terms of efficacy but may be complementary, with each resurfacing laser better suited for different clinical tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husein Husein-ElAhmed
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hospital de Baza, Granada, Spain.,Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar University, Medical School, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Lipidomics of facial sebum in the comparison between acne and non-acne adolescents with dark skin. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16591. [PMID: 34400712 PMCID: PMC8367971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipidomics is advantageous in the study of sebum perturbations occurring in acne. An extended evaluation of the sebum lipid profiles in acne-prone sebaceous areas is lacking in dark skin. Yet, there is a void space in understanding how the building blocks of sebum lipids, i.e. individual fatty acids (FAs), are intertwined with acne-prone skin. We aimed to determine the sebum lipidome in facial areas of adolescents with and without acne in Nigeria. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 60 adolescents/young adults divided in 30 acne patients (15F, 15M) and 30 age and sex-matched controls. Sebum samples obtained from foreheads and cheeks were analysed separately by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). Distributions of sebum components were investigated with multivariate ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Sebum incretion in acne was paralleled by significantly higher abundance of triglycerides, wax esters, and squalene together with monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs), and straight chain saturated FAs (SFAs), especially those with odd-carbon chain, i.e. C13:0, C15:0, and C17:0. Profiling weight/weight percentage of individual components revealed that, in acne, the free FAs (FFAs) array was shifted towards higher relative abundance of the SFAs C15:0, C16:0, and C17:0 and lower percentage of the anteiso-branched FFAs with 12, 14, 16, and 18 carbons. In acne patients, MUFAs and PUFAs were quantitatively increased and decreased on foreheads and cheeks, respectively. Relative abundance of fatty alcohols was decreased in acne independent on the site. The results indicated that acne associates with site-specific derangement of the pathways regulating the balance among odd straight-chain and branched-chain SFAs, MUFAs, which included sapienate (C16:1n-10), PUFAs, and squalene.
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Wei Z, Chen G, Hu T, Mo X, Hou X, Cao K, Wang L, Pan Z, Wu Q, Li X, Ye F, Zouboulis CC, Ju Q. Resveratrol ameliorates lipid accumulation and inflammation in human SZ95 sebocytes via the AMPK signaling pathways in vitro. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:156-166. [PMID: 34334258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is a prevalent skin disease lacking effective and well-tolerated treatment. An earlier study indicated that resveratrol (RVT) has therapeutic effects in acne patients through unknown mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of RVT on linoleic acid (LA)-induced lipogenesis and peptidoglycan (PGN)-induced inflammation in cultured SZ95 sebocytes in vitro, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS RNA-sequencing was used to analyze the whole transcriptome. Nile red staining was used to detect intracellular neutral lipids, whereas lipidomics was used to investigate changes in the lipid profile in sebocytes. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels were assessed through quantitative real-time PCR and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of lipogenesis-related proteins, the inflammatory signaling pathway, and the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Further, specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. RESULTS RVT inhibited the lipogenesis-related pathway and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in SZ95 sebocytes. It also downregulated LA-induced lipogenesis, the expression of lipid-related proteins, and the contents of unsaturated fatty acids. Besides, RVT promoted SIRT1 expression and deacetylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, thereby lowering IL-1β and IL-6 secretion under PGN induction. Furthermore, pretreatment with AMPK inhibitor Compound C abolished RVT-mediated sebosuppressive and anti-inflammation effects. Meanwhile,SIRT1 silencing abrogated the anti-inflammatory potential of RVT. CONCLUSION In human SZ95 sebocytes, RVT exhibits sebosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects partially through the AMPK pathway, which may justify the role of RVT treatment in acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Mo
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hou
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lanqi Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhanyan Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Ye
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Qiang Ju
- Department of Dermatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Adolescents' beliefs and perceptions of acne vulgaris: A cross-sectional study in Montenegrin schoolchildren. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253421. [PMID: 34133464 PMCID: PMC8208562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in adolescent and early adult years. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived beliefs of Montenegrin secondary school pupils regarding the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors. Methods This cross-sectional survey of the pupils was conducted during October and November 2020 in four randomly selected public secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. All 500 pupils were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions on age, sex, presence of acne, perceived acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, and sources of their information about acne. Results A total of 500 pupils, 234 (46.8%) boys, and 266 (53.2%) girls, aged 14−17 years, participated in the study. Acne was self-reported in 249 (49.8%) pupils, whereas 251 (50.2%) did not report acne. Factors most often believed to aggravate acne were inadequate face washing (85.0%), hormones (84.0%), sweets (82.0%), greasy food (72.6%), makeup (71.2%), and stress (67.8%). Overall the most prevalent acne ameliorating factors were cosmetic treatment (80.4%), increased water consumption (77.6%), a diet change to a healthier food choice (77.4%), and being on school holidays (62.2%). Girls reported more frequently that genetics, stress, sweets consumption, inadequate face wash, and makeup are acne exacerbating factors, whilst cosmetic treatment, increased water consumption, smoking, and being on school holidays are acne ameliorating factors. Boys more frequently considered the benefit of losing weight. There was no statistically significant difference between pupils with and without acne in perceived factors, except for cosmetic treatment. Those with acne more frequently believed in the benefits of cosmetic treatment. Conclusions Many adolescents’ self-perceived beliefs about factors that aggravate and ameliorate acne are myths and misconceptions without evidence-based justification. More efforts are needed to educate pupils about the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, its health-related consequences, and the treatment possibilities.
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Araco A, Araco F. Preliminary Prospective and Randomized Study of Highly Purified Polynucleotide vs Placebo in Treatment of Moderate to Severe Acne Scars. Aesthet Surg J 2021; 41:NP866-NP874. [PMID: 33755110 DOI: 10.1093/asj/sjab125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Managing acne scars is a challenge and therapies are divided into nonsurgical and surgical. Highly Purified Technology Polynucleotides (PN-HPT) is a compound that contains a mixture of DNA polymers of different lengths. Numerous studies have shown that PN-HPT also serves as an energy source, thus influencing cellular growth and cell vitality. OBJECTIVES The authors aimed to assess the improvement in dermal quality and acne scars after PN-HPT vs placebo according to Antera 3D and the patient responses to the patient satisfaction questionnaire after a comparison of pretreatment and posttreatment photographs at 1 and 3 months. METHODS Included were women aged 30 to 50 years with grade 3 to 4 moderate-to-severe atrophic scars according to the Goodman classification; nonsmokers; and had not had active acne during the past 5 years. Ten patients (PN-HPT group) were treated with 4.0 mL of PN-HPT, and 10 patients (control) were treated with 4.0 mL of normal saline. All medical treatments were performed in a double-blinded manner; neither the injection doctor nor the patient knew if the PN-HPT or the placebo was being administered. RESULTS Twenty women who fit the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Only patients in the PN-HPT group improved significantly at 1 and 3 months after treatment compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS This prospective and randomized study showed that PN-HPT in monotherapy was safe and effective treatment for atrophic scar acne compared with placebo. Prospective and randomized studies will be necessary to investigate the clinical effectiveness in a larger cohort of patients and for a longer follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Araco
- Department of Aesthetic Medicine, University Tor Vergata of Roma, Rome, Italy
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Heng AHS, Say YH, Sio YY, Ng YT, Chew FT. Epidemiological Risk Factors Associated with Acne Vulgaris Presentation, Severity, and Scarring in a Singapore Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dermatology 2021; 238:226-235. [PMID: 34062533 DOI: 10.1159/000516232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is classified based on the severity of skin lesions and post-healing scar types of these lesions. Numerous epidemiology studies have investigated the risk factors associated with acne presentation and severity, but studies for acne scarring are lacking. OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of acne, severity, and scarring grades and their associated risk factors among Singapore Chinese. METHODS A total of 3,888 subjects (2,090 cases/1,798 controls; median age = 21 ± 4.589; range 17-71) completed an investigator-administered questionnaire as part of a cross-sectional study, which included sociodemographics, familial medical history, lifestyle factors, dietary habits, and acne history. Acne cases were further evaluated for their severity (n = 991) and scarring (n = 988) grades by a trained personnel. RESULTS The majority of the acne cases had mild acne/grade 1 scarring, while less than 1% had severe acne/grade 4 scarring. Parental acne was significantly associated with acne presentation and moderate/severe acne, while sibling acne was significantly associated with grade 3/4 scarring. Gender and age affected acne severity and scarring but not acne presentation, while tertiary maternal education level and the possession of ≥3 siblings were particularly associated with acne scarring. Underweight BMI was protective against acne presentation, while atopic diseases (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema) were its predisposing factors. Of the evaluated lifestyle factors, computer/TV usage had significant association with acne presentation, while alcohol consumption was significantly associated with acne severity. Frequent milk consumption was associated with a protective effect for moderate-severe acne, while frequent butter consumption had a detrimental effect on acne scarring extent. CONCLUSION Positive familial history is a strong predisposing factor in determining acne presentation, severity, and scarring. Demographic factors (gender, age) and sedentary lifestyle (increased computer/TV usage) influence acne presentation, while dietary habits (milk and butter consumption) influence acne severity and scarring. The predisposing factors revealed in this study could help us to gain insights into acne pathophysiology and hence develop interventions especially targeting modifiable risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hwee Sing Heng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-How Say
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,
| | - Yang Yie Sio
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Ting Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Castellanos Lorduy HJ, Pérez Cely HC, Casadiego Rincón EJ, Henao Riveros SC, Colorado CL. Cutibacterium Acnes Tetracycline Resistance Profile in Patients with Acne Vulgaris, in a Colombian Dermatologic Center. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2021; 112:S0001-7310(21)00191-5. [PMID: 34022206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which different events intervene in its pathogenesis, one of which is Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Resistance of this bacteria to different antimicrobials used in treatment has been described in different regions of the world. The purpose of the study is to estimate the resistance of C. acnes to cyclins in patients with moderate and severe acne over 18 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out. Samples were taken from inflammatory lesions with a comedone extractor. The content of the samples was incubated in an anaerobic atmosphere to grow C. acnes. Finally, the susceptibility of C. acnes to tetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline was determined. RESULTS Samples were taken from 147 patients, of which 129 showed growth of C. acnes, finding that 5.43% of the strains were resistant to tetracycline, 5.43% to doxycycline, 0.78% to minocycline and cross resistance between doxycycline and tetracycline in all the cases. An association was found between resistance and being 25 years of age or older. No association was found with the prior use of antibiotics, a history of misuse of oral or topical antibiotics, and other demographic and clinical characteristics evaluated. CONCLUSIONS The resistance found of C. acnes to cyclines was lower than that reported in other studies. Although no relationship was found with the previous use of antibiotics, it is a factor described in previous studies, which is why the proper use of antibiotics is imperative to avoid the appearance of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Castellanos Lorduy
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E J Casadiego Rincón
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - C L Colorado
- Hospital Universitario Centro Dermatológico Federico Lleras Acosta, Bogotá, Colombia
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Törőcsik D, Fazekas F, Póliska S, Gregus A, Janka EA, Dull K, Szegedi A, Zouboulis CC, Kovács D. Epidermal Growth Factor Modulates Palmitic Acid-Induced Inflammatory and Lipid Signaling Pathways in SZ95 Sebocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600017. [PMID: 34025636 PMCID: PMC8134683 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) acts as a paracrine and autocrine mediator of cell proliferation and differentiation in various types of epithelial cells, such as sebocytes, which produce the lipid-rich sebum to moisturize the skin. However, sebum lipids via direct contact and by penetrating through the epidermis may have regulatory roles on epidermal and dermal cells as well. As EGF receptor (EGFR) is expressed throughout the proliferating and the lipid-producing layers of sebaceous glands (SGs) in healthy and acne-involved skin, we investigated the effect of EGF on SZ95 sebocytes and how it may alter the changes induced by palmitic acid (PA), a major sebum component with bioactive roles. We found that EGF is not only a potent stimulator of sebocyte proliferation, but also induces the secretion of interleukin (IL)6 and down-regulates the expression of genes involved in steroid and retinoid metabolism. Importantly, when applied in combination with PA, the PA-induced lipid accumulation was decreased and the cells secreted increased IL6 levels. Functional clustering of the differentially regulated genes in SZ95 sebocytes treated with EGF, PA or co-treated with EGF+PA further confirmed that EGF may be a potent inducer of hyperproliferative/inflammatory pathways (IL1 signaling), an effect being more pronounced in the presence of PA. However, while a group of inflammatory genes was up-regulated significantly in EGF+PA co-treated sebocytes, PA treatment in the absence of EGF, regulated genes only related to cell homeostasis. Meta-analysis of the gene expression profiles of whole acne tissue samples and EGF- and EGF+PA -treated SZ95 sebocytes showed that the EGF+PA co-activation of sebocytes may also have implications in disease. Altogether, our results reveal that PA-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation can be modulated by EGF in sebocytes, which also highlights the need for system biological approaches to better understand sebaceous (immuno)biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Törőcsik
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina Fazekas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Gregus
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dull
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrea Szegedi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Division of Dermatological Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Dessau, Germany
| | - Dóra Kovács
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, Bidhendi Yarandi R, Saei Ghare Naz M, Carmina E. Prevalence of acne vulgaris among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:392-405. [PMID: 33355023 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1859474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of acne among women with PCOS worldwide, and in subgroups of patients with different age, geographical-region, and PCOS definition-criteria, compared to healthy non-PCOS counterparts. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed (including Medline), Web of Science, and Scopus databases for retrieving articles in English investigating the prevalence of PCOS. 'Meta-prop' method was applied to estimate pooled prevalence of acne in both groups. Meta-regression was conducted to find the association between acne in women with and without PCOS. RESULTS We used 60 studies, included data of 240,213 women with PCOS and 1,902,022 healthy-controls for the meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of acne among women with and without PCOS, was 43% (95% CI: 41-45%) and 21% (95% CI: 19-22%), respectively, which was 1.6-fold significantly higher than among healthy-controls. The pooled prevalence of acne in adults, and in adolescents PCOS patients were 42 and 59%, respectively, which were significantly higher than non-PCOS counterparts. The pooled estimated prevalence of acne in adult PCOS women was 76% using the NIH definition and 36% by Rotterdam-criteria; both were significantly higher than non-PCOS counterparts, respectively. In subgroups of adults, who used Rotterdam-definition, the highest prevalence of acne in PCOS patients was reported in East Asia and was 3.5-fold higher than non-PCOS counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Despite the presence of heterogeneity and publication bias among available literature, it may be concluded that acne is one of the common dermatological manifestations in PCOS. In addition, results highlight geographical differences among PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Enrico Carmina
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care and General and Specialist Medicine, University of Palermo Medical School, Palermo, Italy
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Russo A, Mellergaard M, Pellacani G, Nisticò S, Nielsen MCE. Fluorescent light energy combined with systemic isotretinoin: A 52-week follow-up evaluating efficacy and safety in treatment of moderate-severe acne. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:2057-2068. [PMID: 33936640 PMCID: PMC8077247 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent light energy therapy combined with low-dose isotretinoin or tetracycline show remarkable clinical effect on 12 cases of moderate-to-severe acne. Treatment was considered safe, well-tolerated, and highly efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Russo
- Department of MedicalSurgical and Neuro SciencesDermatological SectionUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- ImmunologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederiksberg CDenmark
- Klox Technologies EuropeDublinIreland
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Steven Nisticò
- Department of Health Sciences, Unit of DermatologyMagna Graecia UniversityCatanzaroItaly
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Une acné juvénile. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2021.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Yang D, Chen M, Sun Y, Jin Y, Lu C, Pan X, Quan G, Wu C. Microneedle-mediated transdermal drug delivery for treating diverse skin diseases. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:119-133. [PMID: 33285323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive route for dermatological disease therapy because it can directly target the lesion site on the skin, reduce adverse reactions associated with systemic administration, and improve patient compliance. However, the stratum corneum, as the main skin barrier, severely limits transdermal drug penetration, with compromised bioavailability. Microneedles (MNs), which are leveraged to markedly improve the penetration of therapeutic agents by piercing the stratum corneum and creating hundreds of reversible microchannels in a minimally invasive manner, have been envisioned as a milestone for effective transdermal drug delivery, especially for superficial disease therapy. Here, the emergence of versatile MNs for the transdermal delivery of various drugs is reviewed, particularly focusing on the application of MNs for the treatment of diverse skin diseases, including superficial tumors, scars, psoriasis, herpes, acne, and alopecia. Additionally, the promises and challenges of the widespread translation of MN-mediated transdermal drug delivery in the dermatology field are summarized.
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Dall'Oglio F, Nasca MR, Fiorentini F, Micali G. Diet and acne: review of the evidence from 2009 to 2020. Int J Dermatol 2021; 60:672-685. [PMID: 33462816 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary habits may play a non-negligible role in the development, duration, and severity of acne, as shown in past critical review articles on such association. METHODS The aim of this systematic review is to supplement data available on scientific literature spanning the last 10 years by inserting the keywords "acne" or "acne vulgaris" and "diet", "nutrition", "food", "chocolate", "dairy", "whey protein", "fatty acid", or "drink" in the timeframe "January 2009-April 2020" within the PubMed database. RESULTS Fifty-three reviewed articles met eligibility criteria. They included 11 interventional clinical trials (seven randomized controlled trials and four uncontrolled open label studies) and 42 observational studies (17 case-control and 22 cross-sectional studies, and three descriptive studies). CONCLUSIONS This review reinforces the notion of a rapidly growing exponential trend of interest in this subject by the scientific community. Acne-promoting factors include high GI/GL food, dairy products, fat food, and chocolate, whereas acne-protective factors include fatty acids, fruit, and vegetable intake. The role played by specific dietary components pertaining to different foods, as done for milk (full-fat/whole, reduced-fat, low-fat/skim milk), dairy products (milk cream, ice cream, yogurt, cheese, etc.), or chocolate (cocoa, dark/milk chocolate), remains an unsolved issue and objective of future research.
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Dewi NK, Putra IB, Jusuf NK. Passion fruit purple variant (
Passiflora edulis Sims var. edulis
) seeds extract 10% cream in acne vulgaris treatment: an open‐label pilot study. Int J Dermatol 2020; 59:1506-1512. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nani K. Dewi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
| | - Imam B. Putra
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
| | - Nelva K. Jusuf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan Indonesia
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