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Li Y, Mei M, Wang Q, Gen L, Hao K, Zhong R, Mo T, Jiang J, Zhu W. Structural characteristics and anti-photoaging effect of Pyracantha fortuneana fruit polysaccharides in vitro and in vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134123. [PMID: 39053831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Pyracantha fortuneana is a cultivated pant extensively cultivated worldwide for its ornamental value and ecological benefits. In this study, a polysaccharide with anti-photoaging activity was extracted and purified from P. fortuneana fruit (PPFP). The structural constitution of PPFP was elucidated by molecular weight determination, FT-IR, monosaccharide composition analysis, smith degradation, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that PPFP is a macromolecular polysaccharide with a weight-average molecular weight of 70,895 Da. The PPFP is predominantly characterized by →3,6)-β-Galp-(1→, →5,3)-α-Araf-(1 → and →4,2)-α-Xylp-(1→, →4)-β-Galp-(1 → and →4)-β-GalpA-(1 → glycosidic linkages, with t-α-Araf-(1 → and t-α-Glcp-(1 → terminal units. The anti-photoaging activity and potential mechanism of action of PPFP was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that PPFP exerted anti-photoaging effect on UVB-damaged HaCaT cells by ameliorating cell apoptosis, regulating the mitochondrial membrane potential and oxidative stress level, alleviating the phosphorylation level of the proteins in MAPK pathways, and repairing the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, PPFP enhanced the lifespan and diminished the oxidative stress in UVB-injured Caenorhabditis elegans. Collectively, this study comprehensively elucidates the anti-photodamaging potential of P. fortuneana fruit polysaccharide and offers a novel plant-derived adjuvant therapy for the treating photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Synthetic Enzymes and Natural Products Center, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
| | - Manxue Mei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Longmei Gen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kexin Hao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ruifang Zhong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tongxin Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianguo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China; Shunde Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 528329, China.
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Schmuth M, Eckmann S, Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Ortner-Tobider D, Blunder S, Trafoier T, Gruber R, Elias PM. Skin Barrier in Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:989-1000.e1. [PMID: 38643989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A compromised permeability barrier is a hallmark of atopic dermatitis (AD). Localized to the outermost skin layer, the stratum corneum (SC) is critically dependent on terminal differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, which transform into protein-rich corneocytes surrounded by extracellular lamellae of unique epidermal lipids, conferring permeability barrier function. These structures are disrupted in AD. A leaky barrier is prone to environmental insult, which in AD elicits type 2-dominant inflammation, in turn resulting in a vicious cycle further impairing the SC structure. Therapies directed at enforcing SC structure and anti-inflammatory strategies administered by topical and systemic route as well as UV therapy have differential effects on the permeability barrier. The expanding armamentarium of therapeutic modalities for AD treatment warrants optimization of their effects on permeability barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schmuth
- Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Pediatric Dermatology and Rare Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sonja Eckmann
- Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Stefan Blunder
- Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Trafoier
- Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Dermatology, Venerology and Allergy, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute for Pediatric Dermatology and Rare Diseases, Karl Landsteiner Society, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter M Elias
- Dermatology, Veteran Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California, USA; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Ferrara F, Pecorelli A, Pambianchi E, White S, Choudhary H, Casoni A, Valacchi G. Vitamin C compounds mixture prevents skin barrier alterations and inflammatory responses upon real life multi pollutant exposure. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15000. [PMID: 38284201 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous tissues is among the main target of outdoor stressors such as ozone (O3 ), particulate matter (PM), and ultraviolet radiation (UV) all involved in inducing extrinsic skin aging. Only a few reports have studied the multipollutant interaction and its effect on skin damage. In the present work, we intended to evaluate the ability of pollutants such as O3 and PM to further aggravate cutaneous UV damage. In addition, the preventive properties of a cosmeceutical formulation mixture (AOX mix) containing 15% vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid), 1% vitamin E (α-tocopherol) and 0.5% ferulic acid was also investigated. Skin explants obtained from three different subjects were exposed to 200 mJ UV light, 0.25 ppm O3 for 2 h, and 30 min of diesel engine exhaust (DEE), alone or in combination for 4 days (time point D1 and D4). The results showed a clear additive effect of O3 and DEE in combination with UV in terms of keratin 10, Desmocollin and Claudin loss. In addition, the multipollutant exposure significantly induced the inflammatory response measured as NLRP1/ASC co-localization suggesting the activation of the inflammasome machinery. Finally, the loss of Aquaporin3 was also affected by the combined outdoor stressors. Furthermore, daily topical pre-treatment with the AOX Mix significantly prevented the cutaneous changes induced by the multipollutants. In conclusion, this study is among the first to investigate the combined effects of three of the most harmful outdoor stressors on human skin and confirms that daily topical of an antioxidant application may prevent pollution-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Alice Casoni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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Hayashi K, Nozaki S, Tokushima K, Tanaka F, Hirai Y. Role of syntaxin3 an apical polarity protein in poorly polarized keratinocytes: regulation of asymmetric barrier formations in the skin epidermis. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:523-535. [PMID: 37351635 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The skin epidermis exhibits an asymmetric structure composed of multilayered keratinocytes and those in the outer layers form two-way physical barriers, cornified cell envelope (CCE), and tight junctions (TJs). While undifferentiated keratinocytes in the basal layer continuously deliver daughter cells outward, which undergo successive differentiation with losing their polarized characteristics, they retain the expression of several polarity proteins. In the present study, we revealed that the t-SNARE protein syntaxin3, a critical element for the formation of the apical compartment in simple epithelial cells, is required to confer the ability to organize the physical barriers on "poorly polarized" keratinocytes in epidermal outer layers. HaCaT keratinocytes with genetic ablation of syntaxin3 readily succumbed to hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Additionally, they lost the ability to organize TJ and CCE structures, accompanied by notable downregulation of transglutaminase1 and caspase14 (a cornification regulator) expression. These syntaxin3-knockout cells appeared to restore oxidative stress tolerance and functional TJ formation ability, in response to the inducible re-expression of exogenous syntaxin3. While plausible mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unclear, syntaxin3, an apical polarity protein in the simple epithelia, has emerged as a potentially crucial element for barrier formation in poorly polarized keratinocytes in polarized epidermal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Hayashi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Sae Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Kanako Tokushima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Fumika Tanaka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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Koda A, Ishii Y, Kashiwagi A, Fujikawa M, Kikuchi K, Hashimoto R, Ueda Y, Doi T. The Effects of Mucopolysaccharide Polysulfate on Steroid-Induced Tight Junction Barrier Dysfunction in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and a 3D Skin Model. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 36:186-194. [PMID: 36966539 PMCID: PMC10652656 DOI: 10.1159/000529962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The long-term use of topical corticosteroids (TCS) is associated with side effects such as skin atrophy and barrier deterioration. Moisturizers, such as mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS), have been reported to prevent relapses in atopic dermatitis (AD) when used in combination with TCS. However, the mechanisms underlying the positive effects of MPS in combination with TCS in AD are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of MPS in combination with clobetasol 17-propionate (CP) on tight junction (TJ) barrier function in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa) and 3D skin models. METHODS The expression of claudin-1, which is crucial for TJ barrier function in keratinocytes, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured in CP-treated human keratinocytes incubated with and without MPS. A TJ permeability assay, using Sulfo-NHS-Biotin as a tracer, was also conducted in a 3D skin model. RESULTS CP reduced claudin-1 expression and TEER in human keratinocytes, whereas MPS inhibited these CP-induced effects. Moreover, MPS inhibited the increase in CP-induced TJ permeability in a 3D skin model. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that MPS improved TJ barrier impairment induced by CP. The improvement of TJ barrier function may partially be responsible for the delayed relapse of AD induced by the combination of MPS and TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koda
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Ishii
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayu Kashiwagi
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mika Fujikawa
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kikuchi
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhki Ueda
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Doi
- Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Huang L, You L, Aziz N, Yu SH, Lee JS, Choung ES, Luong VD, Jeon MJ, Hur M, Lee S, Lee BH, Kim HG, Cho JY. Antiphotoaging and Skin-Protective Activities of Ardisia silvestris Ethanol Extract in Human Keratinocytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1167. [PMID: 36904025 PMCID: PMC10007040 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ardisia silvestris is a traditional medicinal herb used in Vietnam and several other countries. However, the skin-protective properties of A. silvestris ethanol extract (As-EE) have not been evaluated. Human keratinocytes form the outermost barrier of the skin and are the main target of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV exposure causes skin photoaging via the production of reactive oxygen species. Protection from photoaging is thus a key component of dermatological and cosmetic products. In this research, we found that As-EE can prevent UV-induced skin aging and cell death as well as enhance the barrier effect of the skin. First, the radical-scavenging ability of As-EE was checked using DPPH, ABTS, TPC, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays, and a 3-(4-5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to examine cytotoxicity. Reporter gene assays were used to determine the doses that affect skin-barrier-related genes. A luciferase assay was used to identify possible transcription factors. The anti-photoaging mechanism of As-EE was investigated by determining correlated signaling pathways using immunoblotting analyses. As-EE had no harmful effects on HaCaT cells, according to our findings, and As-EE revealed moderate radical-scavenging ability. With high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, rutin was found to be one of the major components. In addition, As-EE enhanced the expression levels of hyaluronic acid synthase-1 and occludin in HaCaT cells. Moreover, As-EE dose-dependently up-regulated the production of occludin and transglutaminase-1 after suppression caused by UVB blocking the activator protein-1 signaling pathway, in particular, the extracellular response kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Our findings suggest that As-EE may have anti-photoaging effects by regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase, which is good news for the cosmetics and dermatology sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Nur Aziz
- Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ma Chung University, Malang 65151, Indonesia
| | - Seung Hui Yu
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sub Lee
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Su Choung
- DanjoungBio, Co., Ltd., Wonju 26303, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Dung Luong
- Department of Biology, Dalat University, 01 Phu Dong Thien Vuong, Dalat 66106, Vietnam
| | - Mi-Jeong Jeon
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonsuk Hur
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 222689, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Biomolecule Control and Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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7
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Progneaux A, Evrard C, De Glas V, Fontaine A, Dotreppe C, De Vuyst E, Nikkels AF, García-González V, Dumoutier L, Lambert de Rouvroit C, Poumay Y. Keratinocytes activated by IL-4/IL-13 express IL-2Rγ with consequences on epidermal barrier function. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:660-670. [PMID: 36645024 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a Th2-type inflammatory disease characterized by an alteration of epidermal barrier following the release of IL-4 and IL-13. These cytokines activate type II IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1 receptors in the keratinocyte. Whilst IL-2Rγ, that forms type I receptor for IL-4, is only expressed in haematopoietic cells, recent studies suggest its induction in keratinocytes, which questions about its role. We studied expression of IL-2Rγ in keratinocytes and its role in alteration of keratinocyte function and epidermal barrier. IL-2Rγ expression in keratinocytes was studied using both reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) exposed to IL-4/IL-13 and AD skin. IL-2Rγ induction by type II receptor has been analyzed using JAK inhibitors and RHE knockout (KO) for IL13RA1. IL-2Rγ function was investigated in RHE KO for IL2RG. In RHE, IL-4/IL-13 induce expression of IL-2Rγ at the mRNA and protein levels. Its mRNA expression is also visualized in keratinocytes of lesional AD skin. IL-2Rγ expression is low in RHE treated with JAK inhibitors and absent in RHE KO for IL13RA1. Exposure to IL-4/IL-13 alters epidermal barrier, but this alteration is absent in RHE KO for IL2RG. A more important induction of IL-13Rα2 is reported in RHE KO for IL2RG than in not edited RHE. These results demonstrate IL-2Rγ induction in keratinocytes through activation of type II receptor. IL-2Rγ is involved in the alteration of the epidermal barrier and in the regulation of IL-13Rα2 expression. Observation of IL-2Rγ expression by keratinocytes inside AD lesional skin suggests a role for this receptor subunit in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Progneaux
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Evrard
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie De Glas
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Alix Fontaine
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Céline Dotreppe
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Evelyne De Vuyst
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Arjen F Nikkels
- Department of Dermatology, CHU of Sart Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Laure Dumoutier
- Experimental Medicine Unit, De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Lambert de Rouvroit
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Research Unit of Molecular Physiology (URPhyM), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
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8
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Kumar KJS, Vani MG, Wang SY. Limonene protects human skin keratinocytes against UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging by activating the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2897-2909. [PMID: 36063024 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long term exposure to solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is one of the primary factors of premature skin aging and is referred to as photoaging. Also, mammalian skin exposed to UVB triggers an increase in production of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), which is critically involved in the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentary skin diseases. This study investigated the protective effect of limonene on UVB-induced photodamage and photoaging in immortalized human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) in vitro. Initially, we determined cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Pretreatment with limonene increased cell viability followed by inhibition of intracellular ROS generation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Interestingly, the antioxidative activity of limonene was directly correlated with an increase in expression of endogenous antioxidants, including heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCLC), which was associated with enhanced nuclear translocation and activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2). Indeed, Nrf2 knockdown reduced limonene's protective effects. Additionally, we observed that limonene treatment inhibited UVB-induced α-MSH secretion followed by inhibition of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) via suppression of p53 transcriptional activation. Moreover, limonene prevented UVB-mediated depletion of tight junction regulatory proteins, including occludin and zonula occludens-1. On the other hand, limonene treatment significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Based on these results, limonene may have a dermato-protective effect in skin cells by activating the Nrf2-dependent cellular antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Senthil Kumar
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M Gokila Vani
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Beier LS, Waldow A, Khomeijani Farahani S, Mannweiler R, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Brandner JM, Piontek J, Günzel D. Claudin targeting as an effective tool for directed barrier modulation of the viable epidermis. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1517:251-265. [PMID: 35994210 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) formation is vital for epidermal barrier function. We aimed to specifically manipulate TJ barriers in the reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) by claudin-1 and -4 knockdown (KD) and by claudin-binding fusion proteins of glutathione S-transferase and modified C-terminal fragments of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (GST-cCPE). Impedance spectroscopy and tracer permeability imaging were employed for functional barrier assessment and investigation of claudin contribution. KD of claudin-1, but not claudin-4, impaired the paracellular barrier in vitro. Similarly, claudin-binding GST-cCPE variants weakened the paracellular but not the stratum corneum barrier. Combining both TJ targeting methods, we found that claudin-1 targeting by GST-cCPE after claudin-4 KD led to a marked decrease in paracellular barrier properties. Conversely, after claudin-1 KD, GST-cCPE did not further impair the barrier. Comparison of GST-cCPE variants with different claudin-1/claudin-4 affinities, NHS-fluorescein tracer detection, and immunostaining of RHE paraffin sections showed that GST-cCPE variants bind to extrajunctional claudin-1 and -4, which are differentially distributed along the stratum basale-stratum granulosum axis. GST-cCPE binding blocks these claudins, thereby specifically opening the paracellular barrier of RHE. The data indicate a critical role for claudin-1 in regulating paracellular permeability for ions and small molecules in the viable epidermis. Claudin targeting is presented as a proof-of-concept for precise barrier modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Sophie Beier
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ayk Waldow
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saeed Khomeijani Farahani
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Mannweiler
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Piontek
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorothee Günzel
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology, Infectiology, Rheumatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Farris PK, Valacchi G. Ultraviolet Light Protection: Is It Really Enough? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1484. [PMID: 36009203 PMCID: PMC9405175 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of skin aging includes the role of ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared, pollution, cigarette smoke and other environmental exposures. The mechanism of action common to these exposures is the disruption of the cellular redox balance by the directly or indirectly increased formation of reactive oxygen species that overwhelm the intrinsic antioxidant defense system, resulting in an oxidative stress condition. Altered redox homeostasis triggers downstream pathways that contribute to tissue oxinflammation (cross-talk between inflammation and altered redox status) and accelerate skin aging. In addition, both ultraviolet light and pollution increase intracellular free iron that catalyzes reactive oxygen species generation via the Fenton reaction. This disruption of iron homeostasis within the cell further promotes oxidative stress and contributes to extrinsic skin aging. More recent studies have demonstrated that iron chelators can be used topically and can enhance the benefits of topically applied antioxidants. Thus, an updated, more comprehensive approach to environmental or atmospheric aging protection should include sun protective measures, broad spectrum sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, and DNA repair enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K. Farris
- Department of Dermatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Animal Science Department, Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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11
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Li M, Yuan J, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Dai X, Chen H, Fu X. Characterization of the Skin Bacteriome and Histology Changes in Diabetic Pigs. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2022:15347346221100887. [PMID: 35548944 DOI: 10.1177/15347346221100887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wound is one of the most common complications that are associated with diabetes. The cutaneous microbiome is known to play essential roles in the regulation of barrier function and protecting against potential assault. Thus, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the relationship between microbial community and skin structures in unwounded diabetic skin to explore possible preventive strategies. To achieve the same, a pig diabetic model was built in the present study. Further,16S rDNA sequencing was used to characterize the skin bacteriome. It was observed that the pigs showed skin bacteriome similar to humans in the non-diabetes group, while it varied in the case of diabetes. Further, the β-diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community was significantly different under the diabetes group. More species differences were identified between the two groups at genus level. The predictive function analysis also showed the involvement of significantly different pathways of microbial gene function in diabetes. In agreement with this, skin histology analysis also showed signs of reduced epidermal thickness and rete ridges in diabetic skin. Less proliferation of keratinocytes and impaired TJ barrier was also detected. This evidence suggested that pigs might serve as the best surrogate for cutaneous microbiome studies. Altogether, the present study reported that the skin bacteriome and histology changed significantly in unwounded diabetic skin, which provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of disordered skin bacteriome. The findings of the study would assist in the improvement of the skin environment and prevention of skin infection and chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Jifang Yuan
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Central Laboratory, 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of 104607Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China
- PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
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12
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Vitamin D, skin filaggrin, allergic sensitization, and race. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 128:399-407.e3. [PMID: 35081436 PMCID: PMC9109635 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its involvement in both the innate and adaptive immune systems, vitamin D has been found to affect keratinocyte function and proliferation, suggesting a possible role for vitamin D in cutaneous allergic sensitization. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of circulating vitamin D levels in allergic sensitization. METHODS Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in a subset of children (N = 323) enrolled in the Mechanisms of Progression of Atopic Dermatitis to Asthma in Children cohort, a prospective early life cohort of children with atopic dermatitis. Allergic sensitization was determined using skin prick testing, and FLG expression in the keratinocytes was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multiple Poisson regression was used to evaluate interaction effects between serum 25(OH)D levels and FLG expression with sensitization load as the outcome. RESULTS Black participants had significantly lower mean levels of serum 25(OH)D compared with non-Black participants (29.3 vs 32.9 ng/mL; P < .001). FLG expression and sensitization load were negatively correlated in non-Black participants with 25(OH)D levels less than 27.2 ng/mL (Rho = -0.45; P = .02). No association between FLG expression and sensitization load was found in Black participants or participants with 25(OH)D levels greater than or equal to 27.2 ng/mL. Multiple Poisson regression models confirmed that 25(OH)D levels interact with FLG expression to affect sensitization load in non-Black participants. CONCLUSION Despite lower vitamin D levels in Black participants, sensitization load was associated with nonlesional skin FLG expression in non-Black, but not Black, children with low vitamin D levels. Thus, a complex interplay of factors determines the impact of vitamin D on allergic sensitization.
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13
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Kim HM, Lee YM, Kim EH, Eun SW, Sung HK, Ko H, Youn SJ, Choi Y, Yamada W, Shin SM. Anti-Wrinkle Efficacy of Edible Bird's Nest Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Comparative Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:843469. [PMID: 35355724 PMCID: PMC8959461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.843469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate skin health's functional improvement, such as wrinkles, elasticity, moisture, and whitening, and safety following the consumption of "edible bird's nest extract" for 12 weeks by women. This single-center, double-blinded, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study included women aged 40-60 years. Our primary purpose was to assess improvement in skin wrinkles, elasticity, and moisture after 12 weeks using an SV700, cutometer, and corneometer, respectively, compared to baseline measurements. Our secondary purpose was to evaluate skin wrinkle, elasticity, and moisture changes at 4 and 8 weeks from baseline using the aforementioned equipment, and measure transdermal water loss and melanin and erythema indexes using a tewameter and mexameter, respectively. Experts performed the visual evaluation of skin wrinkles at 4, 8, and 12 weeks from baseline. The participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio into the edible bird's nest extract or the placebo group with 43 participants each, where they consumed 100 mg of the extract or placebo, respectively, daily for 12 weeks. The outcomes were measured at every visit. In this study, upon comparing changes in the skin elasticity value between the two intake groups at 12 weeks of ingestion, skin elasticity in the edible bird's nest extract group decreased significantly compared with that in the placebo group. Adverse reactions were absent in both groups. In the case of laboratory test results, changes before and after the ingestion of the extract were within the normal range, thus indicating no clinically significant difference. The edible bird's nest extract was effective in improving skin wrinkles. Moreover, it is beneficial for skin health and can be used as a skin nutritional supplement. Compared with the placebo, the edible bird's nest extract was identified as safe. Clinical Trial Registration: https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&search_page=M&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=21007&status=5&seq_group=20330, identifier KCT0006558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Mook Kim
- Global Cosmeceutical Center, Cheongju-si, South Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yong Moon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Ee Hwa Kim
- Global Cosmeceutical Center, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | | | - Hyun Kyung Sung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
| | - Heung Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
| | | | | | - Wakana Yamada
- New Products Development Department, Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd., Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Seon Mi Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, South Korea
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14
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Li Z, Jiang R, Wang M, Zhai L, Liu J, Xu X, Sun L, Zhao D. Ginsenosides repair UVB-induced skin barrier damage in BALB/c hairless mice and HaCaT keratinocytes. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:115-125. [PMID: 35035244 PMCID: PMC8753432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown. Methods GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified. A UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mouse model was used to assess protective effects of GS components on skin epidermal thickness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin barrier function, reflected by filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), claudin-1 (Cldn-1), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) levels and MAPK phosphorylation patterns, were analyzed in UVB-irradiated hairless mice or HaCaT cells. Results Total GS monomeric content detected by UPLC was 85.45% and was largely attributed to 17 main monomers that included Re (16.73%), Rd (13.36%), and Rg1 (13.38%). In hairless mice, GS ameliorated UVB-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction manifesting as increased epidermal thickness, increased TEWL, and decreased stratum corneum water content without weight change. Furthermore, GS treatment of UVB-irradiated mice restored protein expression levels and epidermal tissue distributions of FLG, IVL, Cldn-1, and AQP3, with consistent mRNA and protein expression results obtained in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (except for unchanging Cldn-1 expression). Mechanistically, GS inhibited JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, with a mixture of Rg2, Rg3, Rk3, F2, Rd, and Rb3 providing the same protective MAPK pathway inhibition-associated upregulation of IVL and AQP3 expression as provided by intact GS treatment. Conclusion GS protection against UVB-irradiated skin barrier damage depends on activities of six ginsenoside monomeric constituents that inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhuo Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Manying Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianzeng Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Jilin Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Health Product Research and Development Cross-regional Cooperation Science and Technology Innovation Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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15
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Yue Z, Lei M, Paus R, Chuong CM. The global regulatory logic of organ regeneration: circuitry lessons from skin and its appendages. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2573-2583. [PMID: 34145718 PMCID: PMC10874616 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In organ regeneration, the regulatory logic at a systems level remains largely unclear. For example, what defines the quantitative threshold to initiate regeneration, and when does the regeneration process come to an end? What leads to the qualitatively different responses of regeneration, which restore the original structure, or to repair which only heals a wound? Here we discuss three examples in skin regeneration: epidermal recovery after radiation damage, hair follicle fate choice after chemotherapy damage, and wound-induced feather regeneration. We propose that the molecular regulatory circuitry is of paramount significance in organ regeneration. It is conceivable that defects in these controlling pathways may lead to failed regeneration and/or organ renewal, and understanding the underlying logic could help to identify novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiCao Yue
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, Carson International Cancer Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Mingxing Lei
- 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, U.S.A
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, U.S.A
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16
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Minowa E, Kurashige Y, Islam ST, Yoshida K, Sakakibara S, Okada Y, Fujita Y, Bolortsetseg D, Murai Y, Abiko Y, Saitoh M. Increased integrity of cell-cell junctions accompanied by increased expression of claudin 4 in keratinocytes stimulated with vitamin D3. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:346-355. [PMID: 34324049 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-021-00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The stratified squamous epithelium has a multilayer structure formed by the differentiation of the keratinized epithelium, which covers the skin and oral mucosa. The epithelium plays a central role in regulating the interactions between the immune system and pathogens. The tight junction (TJ) barrier, which is composed of adhesion molecules called claudins (CLDN), is critical for the homeostasis of the skin and oral mucosa. Furthermore, the crucial roles of vitamin D3 (VD3) in the pathogeneses of skin and oral mucosal disease have been suggested. The aim of this in vitro study was to observe the correlations between the integrity of the keratinocyte population and the expression levels of CLDN1 and CLDN4 in gingival epithelial cells, stimulated with VD3. CLDN 1 and 4 expression levels were down and upregulated, respectively, in the cells stimulated with VD3. Additionally, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) levels were increased in the stimulated cells when compared to the controls. These findings indicate that CLDN 4 may play a more important role in the TJ barrier than CLDN 1. Hence, the therapeutic effect of VD3 in skin and oral diseases may be regulated by the increase in the expression of CLDN 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Minowa
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kurashige
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Syed Taufiqul Islam
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sakakibara
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Okada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fujita
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Dembereldorj Bolortsetseg
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yuji Murai
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masato Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tobetsu, Ishikari, Hokkaido, 0610293, Japan.
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17
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Yüksel YT, Nørreslet LB, Thyssen JP. Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-021-00335-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Yoshimura T, Manabe C, Inokuchi Y, Mutou C, Nagahama T, Murakami S. Protective effect of taurine on UVB-induced skin aging in hairless mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111898. [PMID: 34246188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid derivative, exists at a high concentration in the skin and is considered to play an important role in maintaining moisture homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of oral taurine supplementation on epidermal moisture content and wrinkle formation, as well as skin taurine content, using ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated hairless mice. Wrinkles were induced by exposing hairless mice to UVB radiation (70-100 mJ/cm2). Taurine was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 0.3 or 3% (w/v) and given to the mice ad libitum for 2-10 weeks. Taurine was then extracted from the dorsal skin, and the skin taurine content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The wrinkles were evaluated using a wrinkle score and the quantitative wrinkle area ratio. The exposure of the mice to UVB radiation for 4 weeks resulted in a decreased moisture content and increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in the skin, while taurine supplementation suppressed these changes. Oral supplementation with taurine for 8 weeks ameliorated the development of UVB-induced wrinkle formation. Furthermore, oral taurine supplementation for 4 weeks decreased pre-stablished wrinkles in a dose-dependent manner. Although the UVB radiation reduced the epidermal taurine content, oral taurine supplementation partly restored the taurine content in the epidermis. The present study showed that oral taurine supplementation is able to suppress UVB-induced wrinkle formation, which may be associated with the regulation of moisture content in the epidermis. The beneficial effects of taurine on skin aging may be attributed to its osmoregulatory role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Yoshimura
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Chika Manabe
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuki Inokuchi
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Chikako Mutou
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Tohru Nagahama
- R&D Laboratories, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 331-9530 Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigeru Murakami
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 910-1195 Fukui, Japan.
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19
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Nicotine affects tight junction barriers via alpha7 nicotine-like acetylcholine receptor in keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2021; 103:183-185. [PMID: 34266725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Plaza C, Meyrignac C, Botto JM, Capallere C. Characterization of a New Full-Thickness In Vitro Skin Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2021; 27:411-420. [PMID: 34107746 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2021.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 30 years, bioengineering allowed to reconstruct human tissues using normal human cells. Skin is one of the first organ to be reconstructed thanks to the development of specific cell culture media and supports favoring the culture of human skin cells, such as fibroblasts, keratinocytes, or melanocytes. Skin models have evolved from epidermis to complex models including a dermis. The purpose of the present study was to design a reconstructed full-thickness (FT) skin suitable to perform in vitro testing of both molecules and plant extracts. First, we reconstructed epidermis with normal human keratinocytes displaying the expected multilayered morphology and expressing specific epidermal proteins (e-cadherin, claudin-1, p63, Ki67, Keratin 10, filaggrin, and loricrin). Then, a dermal equivalent was developed using a collagen matrix allowing the growth of fibroblasts. The functionality of the dermis was demonstrated by the measurement of skin parameters such as rigidity or elasticity with Ballistometer® and other parameters such as the contraction over time and the expression of dermal proteins. The combination of these two compartments (dermis and epidermis) allowed to reconstruct an FT model. This study model allowed to study the communication between compartments and with the establishment of a dermoepidermal junction showing the expression of specific proteins (collagen XVII, laminin, and collagen IV). Impact statement The objective of our research project was to design a three-dimensional human full-thickness (FT) skin suitable to perform in vitro testing of molecules and plant ingredients. The combination of these two reconstructed compartments (dermis and epidermis) allowed to reconstruct an FT model. This study model allowed to study the communication between compartments and with the establishment of a dermoepidermal junction showing the expression of specific proteins (collagen XVII, laminin, and collagen IV). This in vitro model can be use by cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries to study the effect of chemical or natural compounds on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Plaza
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Toxicology In Vitro, Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Celine Meyrignac
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Toxicology In Vitro, Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Marie Botto
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Toxicology In Vitro, Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Christophe Capallere
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Toxicology In Vitro, Ashland Specialties France, Sophia Antipolis, France
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21
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Mizutani Y, Takagi N, Nagata H, Inoue S. Interferon-γ downregulates tight junction function, which is rescued by interleukin-17A. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1754-1763. [PMID: 34197663 PMCID: PMC9290956 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although atopic dermatitis (AD) has been reported to be a typical type 2 immune response disease, it is also an inflammatory skin disease that involves cytokines, such as Th1, Th17 and Th22. However, little is known about the mechanism by which the candidate cytokines, alone or in combination, are involved in AD pathology. Differences in cytokine balance, which contribute to the complexity of AD pathology, may influence the stratum corneum barrier function through tight junction (TJ) functional stability and contribute to disease severity. To confirm the regulatory mechanism of TJ protein expression in AD, we investigated the Th1 and Th17 pathways, which are the initiation factors of chronic AD pathology. We examined the effects of these cytokines on TJ protein expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro, and also examined their function in a human skin equivalent model. We observed a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibitory effect of IFN‐γ on claudin‐1 expression via the IFN‐γ receptor/JAK/STAT signalling pathway. IFN‐γ impaired TJ function in a human skin equivalent model. Moreover, we investigated co‐stimulation with IL‐17A, which is highly expressed in AD skin lesions and found that IL‐17A restores IFN‐γ‐induced TJ dysfunction. This restoration of TJ function was mediated by atypical protein kinase C zeta activation without recovery of TJ protein expression. These results are informative for personalized AD treatment via systemic therapies using anti‐cytokine antibodies and/or JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Mizutani
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Nao Takagi
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Haruna Nagata
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shintaro Inoue
- Department of Cosmetic Health Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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22
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Rothbauer M, Bachmann BE, Eilenberger C, Kratz SR, Spitz S, Höll G, Ertl P. A Decade of Organs-on-a-Chip Emulating Human Physiology at the Microscale: A Critical Status Report on Progress in Toxicology and Pharmacology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:470. [PMID: 33919242 PMCID: PMC8143089 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to accelerate pharmaceutical drug development, improve the clinical translation of basic research, and provide personalized intervention strategies. In the last decade, big pharma has engaged in many academic research cooperations to develop organ-on-a-chip systems for future drug discoveries. Although most organ-on-a-chip systems present proof-of-concept studies, miniaturized organ systems still need to demonstrate translational relevance and predictive power in clinical and pharmaceutical settings. This review explores whether microfluidic technology succeeded in paving the way for developing physiologically relevant human in vitro models for pharmacology and toxicology in biomedical research within the last decade. Individual organ-on-a-chip systems are discussed, focusing on relevant applications and highlighting their ability to tackle current challenges in pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Rothbauer
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-22, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara E.M. Bachmann
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Allgemeine Unfallversicherungsanstalt (AUVA) Research Centre, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Eilenberger
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian R.A. Kratz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Drug Delivery and 3R-Models Group, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences & Institute for Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University Frankfurt Am Main, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sarah Spitz
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Höll
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Ertl
- Faculty of Technical Chemistry, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry and Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria; (B.E.M.B.); (C.E.); (S.R.A.K.); (S.S.); (G.H.)
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Park SK, Yeon SH, Choi MR, Choi SH, Lee SB, Rha KS, Kim YM. Urban Particulate Matters May Affect Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Tight Junction Disruption in Nasal Epithelial Cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2021; 35:817-829. [PMID: 33736454 DOI: 10.1177/19458924211004006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to airborne urban particulate matter (UPM) has been closely related to the development and aggravation of respiratory disease, including sinonasal disorders. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of UPM on nasal epithelial tight junctions (TJs) and mucosal barrier function and delineate the underlying mechanism by using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In this study, human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and BALB/c mice were exposed to UPMs. UPM 1648a and 1649 b were employed. TJ and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker expression was measured using western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. TJ integrity and nasal epithelial barrier function were evaluated by transepithelial electric resistance (TER) and paracellular flux. In addition, the effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on UPM-induced nasal epithelial cells were investigated. RESULTS UPM significantly impaired the nasal epithelial barrier, as demonstrated by decreased protein expression of TJ and ER stress markers in human nasal epithelial cells. This finding was in parallel to reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability. Pretreatment with NAC decreased the degree of UPM-mediated ER stress and restored nasal epithelial barrier disruption in human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) and the nasal mucosa of experimental animals. CONCLUSION These data suggest that UPMs may induce nasal epithelial barrier dysfunction by targeting TJs and ER stress could be related in this process. Based on these results, we suggest that suppression of this process with an inhibitor targeting ER stress responses could represent a novel promising therapeutic target in UPM-induced sinonasal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyoung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Yeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ra Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Bok Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sang Rha
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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24
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Atalay S, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. Protective Effects of Cannabidiol on the Membrane Proteome of UVB-Irradiated Keratinocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:402. [PMID: 33800305 PMCID: PMC8001542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation contained in sunlight disturbs the redox state of skin cells, leading to changes in the structures and functions of macromolecules including components of biological membranes. Cannabidiol (CBD), which accumulates in biomembranes, may be a promising protective antioxidant compound. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of short-term (24 h) and long-term (48 h) CBD application on the proteomic profile of biological membranes in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. The data obtained show that UVB radiation quantitatively and qualitatively modified cell membrane proteins, with a particular research focus on adducts of proteins with the lipid peroxidation products malondialdehyde (MDA) or 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). CBD application reduced the UVB-enhanced level of these protein adducts. This was particularly notable amongst proteins related to cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, CBD dramatically increased the UVB-induced expression of proteins involved in the regulation of protein translation and cell proliferation (S3a/L13a/L7a ribosomal proteins), the inflammatory response (S100/S100-A6 proteins), and maintenance of redox balance (peroxiredoxin-1, carbonyl reductase 1, and aldo-keto reductase family 1 members). In contrast, CBD effects on the level of 4-HNE-protein adducts involved in the antioxidant response and proteasomal degradation process indicate that CBD may protect keratinocytes in connection with protein catabolism processes or pro-apoptotic action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (S.A.); (A.G.)
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25
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Ferrara F, Pambianchi E, Woodby B, Messano N, Therrien JP, Pecorelli A, Canella R, Valacchi G. Evaluating the effect of ozone in UV induced skin damage. Toxicol Lett 2020; 338:40-50. [PMID: 33279629 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution represents one of the main risks for both environment and human health. The rapid urbanization has been leading to a continuous release of harmful manmade substances into the atmosphere which are associated to the exacerbation of several pathologies. The skin is the main barrier of our body against the external environment and it is the main target for the outdoor stressors. Among the pollutants, Ozone (O3) is one of the most toxic, able to initiate oxidative reactions and activate inflammatory response, leading to the onset of several skin conditions. Moreover, skin is daily subjected to the activity of Ultraviolet Radiation which are well known to induce harmful cutaneous effects including skin aging and sunburn. Even though both UV and O3 are able to affect the skin homeostasis, very few studies have investigated their possible additive effect. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the effect of the combined exposure of O3 and UV in inducing skin damage, by exposing human skin explants to UV alone or in combination with O3 for 4-days. Markers related to inflammation, redox homeostasis and tissue structure were analyzed. Our results demonstrated that O3 is able to amplify the UV induced skin oxinflammation markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrara
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erika Pambianchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Brittany Woodby
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Nicolo' Messano
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | | | - Alessandra Pecorelli
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States
| | - Rita Canella
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Plants for Human Health Institute Animal Science Dept., NC Research Campus Kannapolis, NC, 28081, United States; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Kyung Hee University, Department of Food and Nutrition, South Korea.
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26
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El-Chami C, Foster AR, Johnson C, Clausen RP, Cornwell P, Haslam IS, Steward MC, Watson REB, Young HS, O'Neill CA. Organic osmolytes increase expression of specific tight junction proteins in skin and alter barrier function in keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:482-494. [PMID: 32348549 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal barrier is important for water conservation, failure of which is evident in dry-skin conditions. Barrier function is fulfilled by the stratum corneum, tight junctions (TJs, which control extracellular water) and keratinocyte mechanisms, such as organic osmolyte transport, which regulate intracellular water homeostasis. Organic osmolyte transport by keratinocytes is largely unexplored and nothing is known regarding how cellular and extracellular mechanisms of water conservation may interact. OBJECTIVES We aimed to characterize osmolyte transporters in skin and keratinocytes, and, using transporter inhibitors, to investigate whether osmolytes can modify TJs. Such modification would suggest a possible link between intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of water regulation in skin. METHODS Immunostaining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction of organic osmolyte-treated organ-cultured skin were used to identify changes to organic osmolyte transporters, and TJ protein and gene expression. TJ functional assays were performed on organic osmolyte-treated primary human keratinocytes in culture. RESULTS Immunostaining demonstrated the expression of transporters for betaine, taurine and myo-inositol in transporter-specific patterns. Treatment of human skin with either betaine or taurine increased the expression of claudin-1, claudin-4 and occludin. Osmolyte transporter inhibition abolished this response. Betaine and taurine increased TJ function in primary human keratinocytes in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of skin with organic osmolytes modulates TJ structure and function, which could contribute to the epidermal barrier. This emphasizes a role for organic osmolytes beyond the maintenance of intracellular osmolarity. This could be harnessed to enhance topical therapies for diseases characterized by skin barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- C El-Chami
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - A R Foster
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - C Johnson
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - R P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Cornwell
- TRI Princeton, 601 Prospect Avenue, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - I S Haslam
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - M C Steward
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - R E B Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - H S Young
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C A O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
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27
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da Cruz Silva LL, de Oliveira WRP, Pereira NV, Halpern I, Tanabe CKFD, Mattos MSG, Sotto MN. Claudin expression profile in flat wart and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9268. [PMID: 32518268 PMCID: PMC7283482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a genodermatosis related to human beta-papillomavirus (beta-HPV), with a high risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Claudins are transmembrane proteins expressed in epithelia and may be altered during carcinogenesis. For a better understanding of the role of beta-HPV in cutaneous carcinogenesis, this claudin expression study was conducted on lesions of patients with and without EV. In this study, claudins-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -7 and -11 expressions were analyzed by applying the immunohistochemistry technique, in samples of 108 normal skin, 39 flat warts and 174 cSCC. The cSCC samples were organized in tissue microarrays. We found that claudin-1 and claudin-3 focal expressions were associated with cSCC (p < 0.001), and claudin-2 focal or negative expression with flat wart (p < 0.001), in EV and NEV (non-EV) groups. For claudin-5, EV group showed a lower chance of focal and negative expression (p < 0.001), and its negative expression was associated with flat wart (p < 0.001) and lower mean age (p < 0.001). Claudins-4, -7 and -11 showed a diffuse expression in almost all studied samples. Our findings suggest that claudin-5 increased expression observed on normal skin, flat wart and cSCC showed association with EV. Claudin-1 and -3 down expression were also observed, but they could not be related to beta-HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Luiza da Cruz Silva
- Departament of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Departament of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ilana Halpern
- Departament of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirian N Sotto
- Departament of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departament of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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28
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Lipsky ZW, Marques CNH, German GK. Lipid depletion enables permeation of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria through human stratum corneum. Tissue Barriers 2020; 8:1754706. [PMID: 32338129 PMCID: PMC7549745 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2020.1754706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 2-5% of adults worldwide. The pathogenesis of AD continues to be a well-debated point of conjecture, with numerous hypotheses having been proposed. AD conditions are associated with increased populations of Staphylococcus aureus and reduced skin lipids. In this study, we evaluate the ability of S. aureus to permeate across human stratum corneum (SC) exhibiting both normal and depleted lipid conditions consistent with AD. This permeation would enable bacteria to interact with underlying viable epidermal cells, which could serve as a trigger for inflammation and disease onset. Our results indicate that permeation of S. aureus through SC exhibiting normal lipid conditions is not statistically significant. However, bacteria can readily permeate through lipid depleted tissue over a 9-d period. These findings suggest that S. aureus may potentially act as the mechanistic cause, rather than merely the result of AD. ABBREVIATIONS AD: Atopic dermatitis; SC: Stratum Corneum; AMP: Antimicrobial peptide; DIW: Deionized water; PDMS: Polydimethylsiloxane; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; BHI: Brain heart infusion medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Lipsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Cláudia N. H. Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Guy K. German
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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29
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Seo SH, Kim SE, Lee SE. ER stress induced by ER calcium depletion and UVB irradiation regulates tight junction barrier integrity in human keratinocytes. J Dermatol Sci 2020; 98:41-49. [PMID: 32376153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium depletion-induced ER stress is a crucial signal for keratinocyte differentiation and barrier homeostasis, but its effects on the epidermal tight junction (TJ) have not been characterized. Ultraviolet B (UVB) causes ER calcium release in keratinocytes and disrupts epidermal TJ, however, the involvement of ER stress in the UVB-induced TJ alterations remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of ER stress by pharmacological ER calcium depletion or UVB on the TJ integrity in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK). METHODS NHEK were exposed to ER calcium pump inhibitor thapsigargin (Tg) or UVB. ER stress markers and TJ molecules expression, TJ and F-actin structures, and TJ barrier function were analyzed. RESULTS Tg or UVB exposure dose-dependently triggered unfolded protein response (UPR) in NHEK. Low dose Tg induced the IRE1α-XBP1 pathway and strengthened TJ barrier. Contrary, high dose Tg activated PERK phosphorylation and disrupted TJ by F-actin disorganization. UVB disrupted TJ and F-actin structures dose dependently. IRE1α RNase inhibition induced or exacerbated TJ and F-actin disruption in the presence of low dose Tg or UVB. High dose Tg increased RhoA activity. 4-PBA or Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor partially prevented the disruption of TJ and F-actin following high dose Tg or UVB. CONCLUSIONS ER stress has bimodal effects on the epidermal TJ depending on its intensity. The IRE1α pathway is critical for the maintenance of TJ integrity during mild ER stress. Severe ER stress-induced UPR or ROCK signalling mediates the disruption of TJ through cytoskeletal disorganization during severe ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Ee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Claudin-1 decrease impacts epidermal barrier function in atopic dermatitis lesions dose-dependently. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2024. [PMID: 32029783 PMCID: PMC7004991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein claudin-1 is a major component of epidermal tight junctions (TJs), which create a dynamic paracellular barrier in the epidermis. Claudin-1 downregulation has been linked to atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis but variable levels of claudin-1 have also been observed in healthy skin. To elucidate the impact of different levels of claudin-1 in healthy and diseased skin we determined claudin-1 levels in AD patients and controls and correlated them to TJ and skin barrier function. We observed a strikingly broad range of claudin-1 levels with stable TJ and overall skin barrier function in healthy and non-lesional skin. However, a significant decrease in TJ barrier function was detected in lesional AD skin where claudin-1 levels were further reduced. Investigations on reconstructed human epidermis expressing different levels of claudin-1 revealed that claudin-1 levels correlated with inside-out and outside-in barrier function, with a higher coherence for smaller molecular tracers. Claudin-1 decrease induced keratinocyte-autonomous IL-1β expression and fostered inflammatory epidermal responses to non-pathogenic Staphylococci. In conclusion, claudin-1 decrease beyond a threshold level results in TJ and epidermal barrier function impairment and induces inflammation in human epidermis. Increasing claudin-1 levels might improve barrier function and decrease inflammation and therefore be a target for AD treatment.
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31
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Foster AR, El Chami C, O'Neill CA, Watson REB. Osmolyte transporter expression is reduced in photoaged human skin: Implications for skin hydration in aging. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13058. [PMID: 31769623 PMCID: PMC6974728 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the deterioration of tissue structure and function. In skin, environmental factors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), can accelerate the effects of aging such as decline in barrier function and subsequent loss of hydration. Water homeostasis is vital for all cellular functions and it is known that organic osmolyte transport is critical to this process. Therefore, we hypothesized that as we age, these tightly controlled physiological mechanisms become disrupted, possibly due to loss of transporter expression. We investigated this in vivo, using human skin samples from photoprotected and photoexposed sites of young and aged volunteers. We show a reduction in keratinocyte cell size with age and a downregulation of osmolyte transporters SMIT and TAUT with both chronic and acute UVR exposure. Single‐cell live imaging demonstrated that aged keratinocytes lack efficient cell volume recovery mechanisms possessed by young keratinocytes following physiological stress. However, addition of exogenous taurine significantly rescued cell volume; this was corroborated by a reduction in TAUT mRNA and protein in aged, as compared to young, keratinocytes. Collectively, these novel data demonstrate that human epidermal keratinocytes possess osmolyte‐mediated cell volume regulatory mechanisms, which may be compromised in aging. Therefore, this suggests that organic osmolytes—especially taurine—play a critical role in cutaneous age‐related xerosis and highlights a fundamental mechanism, vital to our understanding of the pathophysiology of skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R. Foster
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Cecile El Chami
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Catherine A. O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Rachel E. B. Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health University of Manchester & Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Manchester UK
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32
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Alhasaniah A, Sherratt MJ, O'Neill CA. The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on Barrier Function in Human Skin: Molecular Mechanisms and Topical Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 25:5503-5511. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171106164916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A competent epidermal barrier is crucial for terrestrial mammals. This barrier must
keep in water and prevent entry of noxious stimuli. Most importantly, the epidermis must also
be a barrier to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sunlight. Currently, the effects of ultraviolet
radiation on epidermal barrier function are poorly understood. However, studies in mice
and more limited work in humans suggest that the epidermal barrier becomes more permeable,
as measured by increased transepidermal water loss, in response UVR, at doses sufficiently
high to induce erythema. The mechanisms may include disturbance in the organisation
of lipids in the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis) and reduction in tight
junction function in the granular layer (the first living layer of the skin). By contrast,
suberythemal doses of UVR appear to have positive effects on epidermal barrier function.
Topical sunscreens have direct and indirect protective effects on the barrier through their ability
to block UV and also due to their moisturising or occlusive effects, which trap water in the
skin, respectively. Some topical agents such as specific botanical extracts have been shown to
prevent the loss of water associated with high doses of UVR.
In this review, we discuss the current literature and suggest that the biology of UVR-induced
barrier dysfunction, and the use of topical products to protect the barrier, are areas worthy of
further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhasaniah
- Divisions of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Sherratt
- Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A. O'Neill
- Divisions of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Shi J, Barakat M, Chen D, Chen L. Bicellular Tight Junctions and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123862. [PMID: 30518037 PMCID: PMC6321209 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicellular tight junctions (TJs) are intercellular junctions comprised of a variety of transmembrane proteins including occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) as well as intracellular scaffold proteins such as zonula occludens (ZOs). TJs are functional, intercellular structures that form a barrier between adjacent cells, which constantly seals and unseals to control the paracellular passage of molecules. They are primarily present in the epithelial and endothelial cells of all tissues and organs. In addition to their well-recognized roles in maintaining cell polarity and barrier functions, TJs are important regulators of signal transduction, which modulates cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation, as well as some components of the immune response and homeostasis. A vast breadth of research data is available on TJs, but little has been done to decipher their specific roles in wound healing, despite their primary distribution in epithelial and endothelial cells, which are essential contributors to the wound healing process. Some data exists to indicate that a better understanding of the functions and significance of TJs in healing wounds may prove crucial for future improvements in wound healing research and therapy. Specifically, recent studies demonstrate that occludin and claudin-1, which are two TJ component proteins, are present in migrating epithelial cells at the wound edge but are absent in chronic wounds. This indicates that functional TJs may be critical for effective wound healing. A tremendous amount of work is needed to investigate their roles in barrier function, re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, scar formation, and in the interactions between epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and immune cells both in the acute wound healing process and in non-healing wounds. A more thorough understanding of TJs in wound healing may shed new light on potential research targets and reveal novel strategies to enhance tissue regeneration and improve wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhe Shi
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - May Barakat
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Lee JS, Park HS, Yoon HS, Cho S. Claudin-1 expression decreases with increasing pathological grade in actinic keratosis and may be a marker of high-risk actinic keratosis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:483-490. [PMID: 30315595 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common sun-induced skin disorder that can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. However, there is still no reliable method to predict high-risk AK. AIM To identify markers that reflect the biological behaviour of AK and to understand the pathogenesis of AK. METHODS In total, 52 patients with AK and 17 site-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled. We evaluated solar elastosis and immunohistochemical features using antibodies to p53, vitamin D receptor (VDR), claudin-1 and Langerin (CD207). Comparisons between AK and HC skin were performed and analyses carried out according to the pathological grade of AK. RESULTS We found that in both patients and HCs, solar elastosis increased and Langerhans cell (LC) density decreased with ageing. Solar elastosis and p53 expression were higher and VDR expression was lower in patients than in HCs; however, there was no statistical difference between them in relation to the pathological grade of AK. Claudin-1 expression gradually decreased from HC skin to severe AK, and particularly decreased in areas with epidermal atypia. LC density in severe AK was significantly lower than in HC skin and mild AK, while there was no difference in LC density between HC skin, mild AK and moderate AK. CONCLUSIONS Claudin-1 could be a useful marker of the pathological severity of AK. In addition, p53 increases and VDR decreases in AK, not in a gradual manner but in the early steps of carcinogenesis. LC density is relatively maintained in AK until it reaches severe dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Deparment of Biomedical Science
| | - H S Park
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Deparment of Biomedical Science
| | - H S Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Deparment of Biomedical Science
| | - S Cho
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Human-Environmental Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Deparment of Biomedical Science.,Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Yokouchi M, Kubo A. Maintenance of tight junction barrier integrity in cell turnover and skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:876-883. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Yokouchi
- Department of Dermatology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
- Nerima General Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Akiharu Kubo
- Department of Dermatology; Keio University School of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
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36
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Zorn-Kruppa M, Vidal-Y-Sy S, Houdek P, Wladykowski E, Grzybowski S, Gruber R, Gorzelanny C, Harcup J, Schneider SW, Majumdar A, Brandner JM. Tight Junction barriers in human hair follicles - role of claudin-1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12800. [PMID: 30143655 PMCID: PMC6109114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier function of hair follicles (HFs) is of great interest because they might be an entry port for allergens/pathogens, but could on the other hand be used for drug delivery or vaccination. Therefore we investigated tight junction (TJ) barrier function in human HFs. We show that there is a TJ barrier in the outermost living layer bordering to the environment from the infundibulum to the lower central part and between Henle’s and Huxles layer of anagen HFs. In club hair typical for catagen and telogen HFs a TJ barrier is found surrounding the club. This demonstrates that there is a continuous TJ barrier along interfollicular epidermis and HFs in different phases of HF cycle. However, interestingly, in cell culture experiments we can show that barrier is less tight in HF keratinocytes compared to interfollicular keratinocytes. Knock-down of the TJ protein claudin-1, which we demonstrate here to be less expressed in HFs of lesional atopic dermatitis skin, results in impaired barrier function, decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis of hair keratinocytes. This is in line with a hair growth phenotype in claudin-1 deficient patients (NISCH syndrome) and corresponding knock-out mice and indicates an important role of claudin-1 in HF barrier function and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zorn-Kruppa
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal-Y-Sy
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Houdek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ewa Wladykowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason Harcup
- Unilever R&D Port Sunlight Laboratory, Bebington, UK
| | - Stefan W Schneider
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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37
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El-Chami C, Haslam IS, Steward MC, O'Neill CA. Organic osmolytes preserve the function of the developing tight junction in ultraviolet B-irradiated rat epidermal keratinocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5167. [PMID: 29581434 PMCID: PMC5979960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal barrier function is provided by the highly keratinised stratum corneum and also by tight junctions (TJs) in the granular layer of skin. The development of the TJ barrier significantly deteriorates in response to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). Following exposure to UVB, keratinocytes accumulate organic osmolytes, which are known to preserve cell volume during water stress. Since TJs are intimately associated with control of water homeostasis in skin, we hypothesised that there may be a direct influence of osmolytes on TJ development. Exposure of rat epidermal keratinocytes (REKs) to a single dose of UVB reduced the function of developing TJs. This was concomitant with dislocalisation of claudin-1 and claudin-4 from the keratinocyte plasma membrane, phosphorylation of occludin and elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of organic osmolytes, these effects were negated but were independent of the effects of these molecules on cell volume, elevation of ROS or the gene expression of TJ proteins. These data suggest that organic osmolytes affect TJs via post-translational mechanism(s) possibly involving protection of the native conformation of TJ proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile El-Chami
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S Haslam
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C Steward
- School of Medical Sciences, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
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38
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Tohgasaki T, Ozawa N, Yoshino T, Ishiwatari S, Matsukuma S, Yanagi S, Fukuda H. Enolase-1 expression in the stratum corneum is elevated with parakeratosis of atopic dermatitis and disrupts the cellular tight junction barrier in keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2018; 40:178-186. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Tohgasaki
- FANCL Research Institute; Yokohama 244-0806 Japan
| | - N. Ozawa
- FANCL Research Institute; Yokohama 244-0806 Japan
| | - T. Yoshino
- FANCL Research Institute; Yokohama 244-0806 Japan
| | | | - S. Matsukuma
- FANCL Research Institute; Yokohama 244-0806 Japan
| | - S. Yanagi
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences; Hachioji Japan
| | - H. Fukuda
- Department of Dermatology; Toho University Ohashi Medical Center; Meguro-ku Japan
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39
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Comparison of suction blistering and tape stripping for analysis of epidermal genes, proteins and lipids. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:757-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1776-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Crawford M, Dagnino L. Scaffolding proteins in the development and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier. Tissue Barriers 2017; 5:e1341969. [PMID: 28665776 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1341969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates protects the organism against the external environment, preventing heat, water and electrolyte loss, as well as entry of chemicals and pathogens. Impairments in the epidermal permeability barrier function are associated with the genesis and/or progression of a variety of pathological conditions, including genetic inflammatory diseases, microbial and viral infections, and photodamage induced by UV radiation. In mammals, the outside-in epidermal permeability barrier is provided by the joint action of the outermost cornified layer, together with assembled tight junctions in granular keratinocytes found in the layers underneath. Tight junctions serve as both outside-in and inside-out barriers, and impede paracellular movements of ions, water, macromolecules and microorganisms. At the molecular level, tight junctions consist of integral membrane proteins that form an extracellular seal between adjacent cells, and associate with cytoplasmic scaffold proteins that serve as links with the actin cytoskeleton. In this review, we address the roles that scaffold proteins play specifically in the establishment and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier, and how various pathologies alter or impair their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Crawford
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - Lina Dagnino
- a Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario , London , Ontario , Canada
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41
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Tokumasu R, Tamura A, Tsukita S. Time- and dose-dependent claudin contribution to biological functions: Lessons from claudin-1 in skin. Tissue Barriers 2017. [PMID: 28650689 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2017.1336194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many types of biologic compartments in the body. Tight junctions (TJs) function to create a dynamic paracellular barrier to separate these compartments and maintain homeostasis. The TJ component claudin-1 is the major transmembrane protein responsible for forming the paracellular barrier in the epidermis; other claudins in the epidermis include claudin-3, -4, -12, -23 and -25. Accumulating evidence points to a relationship between claudin-1 and skin diseases; for example, a decrease in claudin-1 is reported in human atopic dermatitis. However, how claudin-1 directly or indirectly contributes to disease in the context of the paracellular barrier is poorly understood. We recently established several mouse lines in which the claudin-1 expression was systematically regulated, and showed that claudin-1 time- and dose-dependently regulates epidermis function and disease in vivo. In this commentary, we will discuss recent progress on this topic, including our latest findings, and remaining or newly arisen issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reitaro Tokumasu
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- a Laboratory of Biological Science, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences and Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Suita , Osaka , Japan
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42
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Epithelial Barriers in Murine Skin during Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection: The Role of Tight Junction Formation. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:884-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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43
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Bäsler K, Brandner JM. Tight junctions in skin inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:3-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Jin SP, Han SB, Kim YK, Park EE, Doh EJ, Kim KH, Lee DH, Chung JH. Changes in tight junction protein expression in intrinsic aging and photoaging in human skin in vivo. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:99-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Yuki T, Tobiishi M, Kusaka-Kikushima A, Ota Y, Tokura Y. Impaired Tight Junctions in Atopic Dermatitis Skin and in a Skin-Equivalent Model Treated with Interleukin-17. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161759. [PMID: 27588419 PMCID: PMC5010286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight junction (TJ) dysfunction in the stratum granulosum leads to aberrant barrier function of the stratum corneum (SC) in the epidermis. However, it is unclear whether TJs are perturbed in atopic dermatitis (AD), a representative aberrant SC-related skin disease, and whether some factors related to AD pathogenesis induce TJ dysfunction. To address these issues, we investigated the alterations of TJs in AD skin and the effects of Th2 and Th17 cytokines on TJs in a skin-equivalent model. The levels of TJ proteins were determined in the epidermis of nonlesional and lesional skin sites of AD. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the levels of zonula occludens 1 were decreased in the nonlesional sites of AD, and the levels of zonula occludens 1 and claudin-1 were decreased in the lesional sites relative to the levels in skin from healthy subjects. Next, we examined the effects of interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-17, and IL-22 on the TJ barrier in a skin-equivalent model. Only IL-17 impaired the TJ barrier. Furthermore, we observed a defect in filaggrin monomer degradation in the IL-17-treated skin model. Thus, TJs are dysfunctional in AD, at least partly, due to the effect of IL-17, which may result in an aberrant SC barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuo Yuki
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Megumi Tobiishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | | | - Yukiko Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Odawara, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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46
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Ramadan Q, Ting FCW. In vitro micro-physiological immune-competent model of the human skin. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1899-908. [PMID: 27098052 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00229c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin allergy, in particular, allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis, are common occupational and environmental health problems affecting the quality of life of a significant proportion of the world population. Since all new ingredients to be incorporated into a product are potential skin allergens, it is essential that these ingredients be first tested for their allergenic potential. However, despite the considerable effort using animal models to understand the underlying mechanism of skin sensitization, to date, the molecular and cellular responses due to skin contact with sensitizers are still not fully understood. To replace animal testing and to improve the prediction of skin sensitization, significant attention has been directed to the use of reconstructed organotypic in vitro models of human skin. Here we describe a miniaturized immune competent in vitro model of human skin based on 3D co-culture of immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) as a model of the epidermis barrier and human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line (U937) as a model of human dendritic cells. The biological model was fitted in a microfluidic-based cell culture system that provides a dynamic cellular environment that mimics the in vivo environment of skin. The dynamic perfusion of culture media significantly improved the tight junction formation as evidenced by measuring higher values of TEER compared to static culture. This setting also maintained the high viability of cells over extended periods of time up to 17 days. The perfusion-based culture also allows growth of the cells at the air-liquid interface by exposing the apical side of the cells to air while providing the cell nutrients through a basolateral fluidic compartment. The microsystem has been evaluated to investigate the effect of the chemical and physical (UV irradiation) stimulation on the skin barrier (i.e. the TJ integrity). Three-tiered culture differential stimulation allowed the investigation of the role of the keratinocyte layer as a protection barrier to chemical/biological hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasem Ramadan
- Department of Bioelectronics, Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
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47
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Mathes C, Brandner JM, Laue M, Raesch SS, Hansen S, Failla AV, Vidal S, Moll I, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM. Tight junctions form a barrier in porcine hair follicles. Eur J Cell Biol 2015; 95:89-99. [PMID: 26785612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular penetration has gained increasing interest regarding (i) safety concerns about (environmentally born) xenobiotics available to the hair follicle (HF), e.g. nanomaterials or allergens which should not enter the skin, and (ii) the possibility for non-invasive follicular drug and antigen delivery. However, not much is known about barriers in the HF which have to be surpassed upon uptake and/or penetration into surrounding tissue. Thus, aim of this work was a detailed investigation of this follicular barrier function, as well as particle uptake into the HF of porcine skin which is often used as a model system for human skin for such purposes. We show that follicular tight junctions (TJs) form a continuous barrier from the infundibulum down to the suprabulbar region, complementary to the stratum corneum in the most exposed upper follicular region, but remaining as the only barrier in the less accessible lower follicular regions. In the bulbar region of the HF no TJ barrier was found, demonstrating the importance of freely supplying this hair-forming part with e.g. nutrients or hormones from the dermal microenvironment. Moreover, the dynamic character of the follicular TJ barrier was shown by modulating its permeability using EDTA. After applying polymeric model-nanoparticles (154 nm) to the skin, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the majority of the particles were localized in the upper part of the HF where the double-barrier is present. Only few penetrated deeper, reaching regions where TJs act as the only barrier, and no particles were observed in the bulbar, barrier-less region. Lastly, the equivalent expression and distribution of TJ proteins in human and porcine HF further supports the suitability of porcine skin as a predictive model to study the follicular penetration and further biological effects of dermally applied nanomaterials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Mathes
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Johanna M Brandner
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Michael Laue
- Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4), Robert-Koch-Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin-Wedding, Germany
| | - Simon S Raesch
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Steffi Hansen
- Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Antonio V Failla
- UKE Microscopy Imaging Facility, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Sabine Vidal
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ingrid Moll
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Ulrich F Schaefer
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus A4 1, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany; Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Stuhlsatzenhausenweg 85, Saarbruecken 66123, Germany.
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48
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Svoboda M, Bílková Z, Muthný T. Could tight junctions regulate the barrier function of the aged skin? J Dermatol Sci 2015; 81:147-52. [PMID: 26639794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The skin is known to be the largest organ in human organism creating interface with outer environment. The skin provides protective barrier against pathogens, physical and chemical insults, and against uncontrolled loss of water. The barrier function was primarily attributed to the stratum corneum (SC) but recent studies confirmed that epidermal tight junctions (TJs) also play important role in maintaining barrier properties of the skin. Independent observations indicate that barrier function and its recovery is impaired in aged skin. However, trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) values remains rather unchanged in elderly population. UV radiation as major factor of photoageing impairs TJ proteins, but TJs have great self-regenerative potential. Since it may be possible that TJs can compensate TEWL in elderly due to its regenerative and compensatory capabilities, important question remains to be answered: how are TJs regulated during skin ageing? This review provides an insight into TJs functioning as epidermal barrier and summarizes current knowledge about the impact of ageing on the barrier function of the skin and epidermal TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Svoboda
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Pardubice, Czech Republic; Department of Research and Development, Contipro Biotech s.r.o., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic.
| | - Zuzana Bílková
- University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Muthný
- Department of Research and Development, Contipro Biotech s.r.o., Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic
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49
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Kawada C, Kimura M, Masuda Y, Nomura Y. Oral administration of hyaluronan prevents skin dryness and epidermal thickening in ultraviolet irradiated hairless mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 153:215-21. [PMID: 26427019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a component of the extracellular matrix that plays a role in water retention in tissues. In this study, we orally administered hyaluronans of varying molecular weights (300k and less than 10k) repeatedly to hairless mice exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and examined their effects on the skin of these mice. UV irradiation induces a marked increase in the epidermal thickness of the dorsal skin and a marked decrease in the skin moisture content; however, orally administered hyaluronan, particularly that with a molecular weight of less than 10k, markedly reversed the increase and decrease in the epidermal thickness and skin moisture content, respectively. Furthermore, on analyzing the mice skin, orally administered hyaluronan with a molecular weight of less than 10k increased the levels of the HAS2 gene expression in the skin. Based on these findings, it is assumed that orally administered hyaluronans, with molecular weight of 300k and less than 10k, reversed UV irradiation-induced skin disturbance. In particular, it was considered that the increase in the skin moisture content by orally administered hyaluronan, with a molecular weight of less than 10k, was related to the effect on skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamoru Kimura
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Scleroprotein and Leather Research Institute, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
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50
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Satoh T, Murata M, Iwabuchi N, Odamaki T, Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K, Abe F, Xiao J. Effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in mice. Benef Microbes 2015; 6:497-504. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2014.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to have a preventative effect on skin photoaging induced by short term UV irradiation, however, the underlying mechanisms and the effect of probiotics on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bifidobacterium breve B-3 on skin photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation in hairless mice. Mice were irradiated with UVB three times weekly and orally administered B. breve B-3 (2×109 cfu/mouse /day) for 7 weeks. Nonirradiated mice and UVB-irradiated mice without probiotic treatment were used as controls. B. breve B-3 significantly suppressed the changes of transepidermal water loss, skin hydration, epidermal thickening and attenuated the damage to the tight junction structure and basement membrane induced by chronic UVB irradiation. Administration of B. breve B-3 tended to suppress the UV-induced interleukin-1β production in skin (P=0.09). These results suggest that B. breve B-3 could potentially be used to prevent photoaging induced by chronic UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Satoh
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - M. Murata
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - N. Iwabuchi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - T. Odamaki
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - H. Wakabayashi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - K. Yamauchi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - F. Abe
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
| | - J.Z. Xiao
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, 228-8583 Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref, Japan
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