1
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Reeder TL, Zarlenga DS, Zeigler AL, Dyer RM. Transcriptional responses consistent with perturbation in dermo-epidermal homeostasis in septic sole ulceration. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00843-9. [PMID: 38825108 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate transcriptional changes in sole epidermis and dermis of bovine claws with septic sole ulceration of the lateral claw. Assessment included changes in transcripts orchestrating epidermal homeostatic processes including epidermal proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, and cell signaling. Sole epidermis and dermis was removed from region 4 of lesion-bearing lateral and lesion-free medial claws of pelvic limbs in multiparous, lactating Holstein cows. Control sole epidermis and dermis was obtained from region 4 of lateral claws of normal pelvic limbs. Transcript abundances were evaluated by real-time QPCR and relative expression analyzed by ANOVA. Relative to normal lateral claws, sole epidermis and dermis in ulcer-bearing claws exhibited downregulation of genes associated with growth factors, growth factor receptors, activator protein 1 (AP-1) and proto-oncogene (CMYC) transcription components, cell cycle elements, lateral cell-to-cell signaling elements and structures of early and late keratinocyte differentiation. These changes were accompanied by upregulation of pro-inflammatory transcripts interleukin 1 α (IL1A), interleukin1 β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor 1 (IL1R1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2), the inflammasome components NOD like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), pyrin and caspase recruitment domain (PYCARD), and caspase-1 interleukin converting enzyme (CASPASE), the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2 and MMP9), and anti-inflammatory genes interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN) and interleukin1 receptor 2 (IL1R2). Transcript abundance varied across epidermis and dermis from the ulcer center, margin and epidermis and dermis adjacent to the lesion. Sole epidermis and dermis of lesion-free medial claws exhibited changes paralleling those in the adjacent lateral claws in an environment lacking inflammatory transcripts and downregulated IL1A, interleukin 18 (IL18), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA) and NOS2. These data imply perturbations in signal pathways driving epidermal proliferation and differentiation are associated with, but not inevitably linked to epidermis and dermis inflammation. Further work is warranted to better define the role of crushing tissue injury, sepsis, metalloproteinase activity, and inflammation in sole ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Reeder
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350
| | - A L Zeigler
- Comparative Medicine Institute, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - R M Dyer
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19717-1303.
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2
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Du W, He L, Wang Z, Dong Y, He X, Hu J, Zhang M. Serum lipidomics-based study of electroacupuncture for skin wound repair in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3127-3146. [PMID: 37517065 PMCID: PMC10568671 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the repair of skin wounds. Studies have shown that acupuncture is very effective in skin wound repair. However, there is little knowledge about the mechanism of electroacupuncture. Thirty-six SD rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group, model group and electroacupuncture group, with six rats in each group. After the intervention, orbital venous blood was collected for lipid metabolomics analysis, wound perfusion was detected and finally the effect of electroacupuncture on skin wound repair was comprehensively evaluated by combining wound healing rate and histology. Lipid metabolomics analysis revealed 11 differential metabolites in the model versus sham-operated group. There were 115 differential metabolites in the model versus electro-acupuncture group. 117 differential metabolites in the electro-acupuncture versus sham-operated group. There were two differential metabolites common to all three groups. Mainly cholesteryl esters and sphingolipids were elevated after electroacupuncture and triglycerides were largely decreased after electroacupuncture. The electroacupuncture group recovered faster than the model group in terms of blood perfusion and wound healing (p < 0.05). Electroacupuncture may promote rat skin wound repair by improving lipid metabolism and improving local perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Du
- Research Institute of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Lihong He
- Research Institute of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Research Institute of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiangChina
| | - Yi Dong
- Shaoxing TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaofen He
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture ResearchZhejiang Chinese Medical University, The Third Clinical Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Jintao Hu
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology DepartmentHangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Min Zhang
- Research Institute of OrthopaedicsThe Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityZhejiangChina
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineZhejiangChina
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3
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Lyu Y, Guan Y, Deliu L, Humphrey E, Frontera JK, Yang YJ, Zamler D, Kim KH, Mohanty V, Jin K, Mohanty V, Liu V, Dou J, Veillon LJ, Kumar SV, Lorenzi PL, Chen Y, McAndrews KM, Grivennikov S, Song X, Zhang J, Xi Y, Wang J, Chen K, Nagarajan P, Ge Y. KLF5 governs sphingolipid metabolism and barrier function of the skin. Genes Dev 2022; 36:gad.349662.122. [PMID: 36008138 PMCID: PMC9480852 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349662.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells are fundamental units of tissue remodeling whose functions are dictated by lineage-specific transcription factors. Home to epidermal stem cells and their upward-stratifying progenies, skin relies on its secretory functions to form the outermost protective barrier, of which a transcriptional orchestrator has been elusive. KLF5 is a Krüppel-like transcription factor broadly involved in development and regeneration whose lineage specificity, if any, remains unclear. Here we report KLF5 specifically marks the epidermis, and its deletion leads to skin barrier dysfunction in vivo. Lipid envelopes and secretory lamellar bodies are defective in KLF5-deficient skin, accompanied by preferential loss of complex sphingolipids. KLF5 binds to and transcriptionally regulates genes encoding rate-limiting sphingolipid metabolism enzymes. Remarkably, skin barrier defects elicited by KLF5 ablation can be rescued by dietary interventions. Finally, we found that KLF5 is widely suppressed in human diseases with disrupted epidermal secretion, and its regulation of sphingolipid metabolism is conserved in human skin. Altogether, we established KLF5 as a disease-relevant transcription factor governing sphingolipid metabolism and barrier function in the skin, likely representing a long-sought secretory lineage-defining factor across tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lyu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yinglu Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Deliu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ericka Humphrey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Joanna K Frontera
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Youn Joo Yang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Zamler
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kun Hee Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kevin Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Vakul Mohanty
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Virginia Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Jinzhuang Dou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Lucas J Veillon
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shwetha V Kumar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Kathleen M McAndrews
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sergei Grivennikov
- Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Priyadharsini Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yejing Ge
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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4
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Bhattacharya N, Indra AK, Ganguli-Indra G. Selective Ablation of BCL11A in Epidermal Keratinocytes Alters Skin Homeostasis and Accelerates Excisional Wound Healing In Vivo. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132106. [PMID: 35805190 PMCID: PMC9265695 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulator BCL11A plays a crucial role in coordinating a suite of developmental processes including skin morphogenesis, barrier functions and lipid metabolism. There is little or no reports so far documenting the role of BCL11A in postnatal adult skin homeostasis and in the physiological process of tissue repair and regeneration. The current study establishes for the first time the In Vivo role of epidermal BCL11A in maintaining adult epidermal homeostasis and as a negative regulator of cutaneous wound healing. Conditional ablation of Bcl11a in skin epidermal keratinocytes (Bcl11aep−/−mice) enhances the keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation program, suggesting its critical role in epidermal homeostasis of adult murine skin. Further, loss of keratinocytic BCL11A promotes rapid closure of excisional wounds both in a cell autonomous manner likely via accelerating wound re-epithelialization and in a non-cell autonomous manner by enhancing angiogenesis. The epidermis specific Bcl11a knockout mouse serves as a prototype to gain mechanistic understanding of various downstream pathways converging towards the manifestation of an accelerated healing phenotype upon its deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Dermatology, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.I.); (G.G.-I.)
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- OHSU Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: (A.K.I.); (G.G.-I.)
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5
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Bhattacharya N, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. CTIP2 and lipid metabolism: regulation in skin development and associated diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:1009-1017. [PMID: 34739354 PMCID: PMC9119322 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.2003707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COUP-TF INTERACTING PROTEIN 2 (CTIP2) is a crucial transcription factor exhibiting its control through coupled modulation of epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation of key genes related to skin, immune, and nervous system development. Previous studies have validated the essential role of CTIP2 in skin development and maintenance, propagating its effects in epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) homeostasis, wound healing, inflammatory diseases, and epithelial cancers. Lipid metabolism dysregulation, on the other hand, has also established its independent emerging role over the years in normal skin development and various skin-associated ailments. This review focuses on the relatively unexplored connections between CTIP2-mediated control of lipid metabolism and alteration of EPB homeostasis, delayed wound healing, inflammatory diseases exacerbation, and cancer promotion and progression. AREAS COVERED Here we have discussed the intricate interplay of various endogenous lipids and lipoproteins accompanying skin development and associated disease processes and the possible link to CTIP2-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism. EXPERT OPINION Establishing the link between CTIP2 and lipid metabolism alterations in the context of skin morphogenesis and diverse types of skin diseases including cancer can help us identify novel targets for effective therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, OSU, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Linus Pauling Science Center, OSU, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Department of Dermatology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
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6
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Ou P, Stanek A, Huan Z, Roman CAJ, Huan C. SMS2 deficiency impairs PKCδ-regulated B cell tolerance in the germinal center. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109624. [PMID: 34469734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell tolerance prevents autoimmunity by deleting or deactivating autoreactive B cells that otherwise may cause autoantibody-driven disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus). Lupus is characterized by immunoglobulin Gs carrying a double-stranded (ds)-DNA autospecificity derived mainly from somatic hypermutation in the germinal center (GC), pointing to a checkpoint breach of GC B cell tolerance that leads to lupus. However, tolerance mechanisms in the GC remain poorly understood. Here, we show that upregulated sphingomyelin synthase 2 (SMS2) in anti-dsDNA GC B cells induces apoptosis by directly activating protein kinase C δ (PKCδ)'s pro-apoptotic activity. This tolerance mechanism prevents lupus autoimmunity in C57/BL6 mice and can be stimulated pharmacologically to inhibit lupus pathogenesis in lupus-prone NZBWF1 mice. Patients with lupus consistently have substantially reduced SMS2 expression in B cells and to an even greater extent in autoimmune-prone, age-associated B cells, suggesting that patients with lupus have insufficient SMS2-regulated B cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqi Ou
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, The School of Graduate Studies, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Albert Stanek
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Zack Huan
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Christopher A J Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
| | - Chongmin Huan
- Department of Surgery, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.
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7
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Blicharz L, Rudnicka L, Czuwara J, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Goldust M, Olszewska M, Samochocki Z. The Influence of Microbiome Dysbiosis and Bacterial Biofilms on Epidermal Barrier Function in Atopic Dermatitis-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168403. [PMID: 34445108 PMCID: PMC8395079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis affecting up to 30% of children and 10% of adults worldwide. AD is primarily driven by an epidermal barrier defect which triggers immune dysregulation within the skin. According to recent research such phenomena are closely related to the microbial dysbiosis of the skin. There is growing evidence that cutaneous microbiota and bacterial biofilms negatively affect skin barrier function, contributing to the onset and exacerbation of AD. This review summarizes the latest data on the mechanisms leading to microbiome dysbiosis and biofilm formation in AD, and the influence of these phenomena on skin barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anna Waśkiel-Burnat
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Małgorzata Olszewska
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zbigniew Samochocki
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland; (L.R.); (J.C.); (A.W.-B.); (M.O.); (Z.S.)
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8
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Daher MT, Bausero P, Agbulut O, Li Z, Parlakian A. Bcl11b/Ctip2 in Skin, Tooth, and Craniofacial System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:581674. [PMID: 33363142 PMCID: PMC7758212 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.581674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ctip2/Bcl11b is a zinc finger transcription factor with dual action (repression/activation) that couples epigenetic regulation to gene transcription during the development of various tissues. It is involved in a variety of physiological responses under healthy and pathological conditions. Its role and mechanisms of action are best characterized in the immune and nervous systems. Furthermore, its implication in the development and homeostasis of other various tissues has also been reported. In the present review, we describe its role in skin development, adipogenesis, tooth formation and cranial suture ossification. Experimental data from several studies demonstrate the involvement of Bcl11b in the control of the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation during organ formation and repair, and more specifically in the context of stem cell self-renewal and fate determination. The impact of mutations in the coding sequences of Bcl11b on the development of diseases such as craniosynostosis is also presented. Finally, we discuss genome-wide association studies that suggest a potential influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms found in the 3’ regulatory region of Bcl11b on the homeostasis of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Daher
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pedro Bausero
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ara Parlakian
- Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Inserm ERL U1164, UMR CNRS 8256, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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9
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Bhattacharya N, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Transcriptional control and transcriptomic analysis of lipid metabolism in skin barrier formation and atopic dermatitis (AD). Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:627-645. [PMID: 31322970 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1646128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial ailment associated with barrier breach and intense systemic inflammation. Several studies over the years have shown the complex interplay of a large number of factors in governing the progression and outcome of AD. In addition to the diverse types of AD resulting due to variation in the intrinsic mechanisms giving rise to AD such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), epigenetic alterations or transcriptional changes, extrinsic factors such as age, ancestry, ethnicity, immunological background of the subject, the interactions of the subject with environmental stimuli and existing microbiome in the periphery surrounding the subject account for further heterogeneity in the clinical manifestations of the disease. Areas covered: Here we have selectively discussed transcriptional regulation of genes associated with skin lipid metabolism in the context of AD. Transcriptional control and transcriptomic changes are just one face of this multifaceted disease known to affect humans and a detailed study concerning those will enable us to develop targeted therapies to deal with the disease. Expert opinion: Large-scale integration of different omics approaches (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, proteomics, metabolomics, effect of exposome) will help identify the potential candidate gene(s) associated with the development of various endotypes of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, OSU , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University (OSU) , Corvallis , OR , USA.,Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) , Portland , OR , USA
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10
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Bhattacharya N, Sato WJ, Kelly A, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Epidermal Lipids: Key Mediators of Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:551-562. [PMID: 31054869 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The skin barrier keeps the 'inside in' and the 'outside out', forming a protective blanket against external insults. Epidermal lipids, such as ceramides, fatty acids (FAs), triglycerides, and cholesterol, are integral components driving the formation and maintenance of the epidermal permeability barrier (EPB). A breach in this lipid barrier sets the platform for the subsequent onset and progression of atopic dermatitis (AD). Such lipids are also important in the normal functioning of organisms, both plants and animals, and in diseases, including cancer. Given the doubling of the number of cases of AD in recent years and the chronic nature of this disorder, here we shed light on the multifaceted role of diverse types of lipid in mediating AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilika Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - William J Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Avalon Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Arup K Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Departments of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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11
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Transcription Factor CTIP1/ BCL11A Regulates Epidermal Differentiation and Lipid Metabolism During Skin Development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13427. [PMID: 29044125 PMCID: PMC5647389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal permeability barrier (EPB) prevents organisms from dehydration and infection. The transcriptional regulation of EPB development is poorly understood. We demonstrate here that transcription factor COUP-TF-interacting protein 1 (CTIP1/BCL11A; hereafter CTIP1) is highly expressed in the developing murine epidermis. Germline deletion of Ctip1 (Ctip1−/−) results in EPB defects accompanied by compromised epidermal differentiation, drastic reduction in profilaggrin processing, reduced lamellar bodies in granular layers and significantly altered lipid composition. Transcriptional profiling of Ctip1−/− embryonic skin identified altered expression of genes encoding lipid-metabolism enzymes, skin barrier-associated transcription factors and junctional proteins. CTIP1 was observed to interact with genomic elements within the regulatory region of the gene encoding the differentiation-associated gene, Fos-related antigen2 (Fosl2) and lipid-metabolism-related gene, Fatty acid elongase 4 (Elvol4), and the expression of both was altered in Ctip1−/− mice. CTIP1 appears to play a role in EPB establishment of via direct or indirect regulation of a subset of genes encoding proteins involved in epidermal differentiation and lipid metabolism. These results identify potential, CTIP1-regulated avenues for treatment of skin disorders involving EBP defects.
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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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Lennon MJ, Jones SP, Lovelace MD, Guillemin GJ, Brew BJ. Bcl11b-A Critical Neurodevelopmental Transcription Factor-Roles in Health and Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:89. [PMID: 28424591 PMCID: PMC5372781 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell leukemia 11b (Bcl11b) is a zinc finger protein transcription factor with a multiplicity of functions. It works as both a genetic suppressor and activator, acting directly, attaching to promoter regions, as well as indirectly, attaching to promoter-bound transcription factors. Bcl11b is a fundamental transcription factor in fetal development, with important roles for the differentiation and development of various neuronal subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS). It has been used as a specific marker of layer V subcerebral projection neurons as well as striatal interneurons. Bcl11b also has critical developmental functions in the immune, integumentary and cardiac systems, to the extent that Bcl11b knockout mice are incompatible with extra-uterine life. Bcl11b has been implicated in a number of disease states including Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, HIV and T-Cell malignancy, amongst others. Bcl11b is a fascinating protein whose critical roles in the CNS and other parts of the body are yet to be fully explicated. This review summarizes the current literature on Bcl11b and its functions in development, health, and disease as well as future directions for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Lennon
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon P Jones
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Neuroinflammation Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie UniversitySydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical ResearchSydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South WalesSydney, NSW, Australia.,Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent's HospitalSydney, NSW, Australia
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Shah VM, Nguyen DX, Alfatease A, Bracha S, Alani AW. Characterization of pegylated and non-pegylated liposomal formulation for the delivery of hypoxia activated vinblastine-N-oxide for the treatment of solid tumors. J Control Release 2017; 253:37-45. [PMID: 28302582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors often contain hypoxic regions which are resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We have developed a liposomal delivery system for a prodrug of vinblastine (CPD100) which converts to the parent compound only in the presence of lower oxygen levels. As a part of this work we have developed and optimized two formulations of CPD100: one composed of sphingomyelin/cholesterol (55/45; mol/mol) (CPD100Li) and the other composed of sphingomyelin/cholesterol/PEG (55/40/5; mol/mol) (CPD100 PEGLi). We evaluated the antiproliferative effect of CPD100 and the two formulations against A549 non-small lung cancer cell. A549 cell line showed to be sensitive to CPD100 and the two formulations displayed a higher hypoxic: air cytotoxicity ratio compared to the pro-drug. CPD100 elimination from the circulation after injection in mouse was characterized by a very short circulation time (~0.44h), lower area under the curve (AUC) (33μgh/mL) and high clearance (916mL/h/kg) and lower volume of distribution (17.4mL/kg).Total drug elimination from the circulation after the administration of liposomal formulation was characterized by prolonged circulation time (5.5h) along with increase in the AUC (56μgh/mL) for CPD100 Li and (9.5h) with AUC (170μgh/mL) for CPD100PEGLi. This was observed along with increase in volume of distribution and decrease in clearance for the liposomes. The systemic exposure of the free drug was much lower than that achieved with the liposomes. When evaluated for the efficacy in A549 xenograft model in mice, both the liposomes demonstrated excellent tumor suppression and reduction for 3months. The blood chemistry panel and the comprehensive blood analysis showed no increase or decrease in the markers and blood count. In summary, the pharmacokinetic analysis along with the efficacy data emphasis on how the delivery vehicle modifies and enhances the accumulation of the drug and at the same time the increased systemic exposure is not related to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhi M Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Duc X Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Adel Alfatease
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Shay Bracha
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Adam Wg Alani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/OHSU, Portland, OR 97201, United States.
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Li S, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Lipidomic analysis of epidermal lipids: a tool to predict progression of inflammatory skin disease in humans. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:451-6. [PMID: 27121756 PMCID: PMC4939172 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1177462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipidomics is the large-scale profiling and characterization of lipid species in a biological system using mass spectrometry. The skin barrier is mainly comprised of corneocytes and a lipid-enriched extracellular matrix. The major skin lipids are ceramides, cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFA). Lipid compositions are altered in inflammatory skin disorders with disrupted skin barrier such as atopic dermatitis (AD). AREAS COVERED Here we discuss some of the recent applications of lipidomics in human skin biology and in inflammatory skin diseases such as AD, psoriasis and Netherton syndrome. We also review applications of lipidomics in human skin equivalent and in pre-clinical animal models of skin diseases to gain insight into the pathogenesis of the skin disease. Expert commentary: Skin lipidomics analysis could be a fast, reliable and noninvasive tool to characterize the skin lipid profile and to monitor the progression of inflammatory skin diseases such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU-OHSU
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU-OHSU
- Molecular Cell Biology Program
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, OSU-OHSU
- Molecular Cell Biology Program
- Linus Pauling Science Institute, OSU, Corvallis, OR
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, OR
- Knight Cancer Institute, OHSU, OR
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Lanzini J, Dargère D, Regazzetti A, Tebani A, Laprévote O, Auzeil N. Changing in lipid profile induced by the mutation of Foxn1 gene: A lipidomic analysis of Nude mice skin. Biochimie 2015; 118:234-43. [PMID: 26427556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nude mice carry a spontaneous mutation affecting the gene Foxn1 mainly expressed in the epidermis. This gene is involved in several skin functions, especially in the proliferation and the differentiation of keratinocytes which are key cells of epithelial barrier. The skin, a protective barrier for the body, is essentially composed of lipids. Taking into account these factors, we conducted a lipidomic study to search for any changes in lipid composition of skin possibly related to Foxn1 mutation. Lipids were extracted from skin biopsies of Nude and BALB/c mice to be analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Multivariate and univariate data analyses were carried out to compare lipid extracts. Identification was performed using HRMS data, retention time and mass spectrometry fragmentation study. These results indicate that mutation of Foxn1 leads to significant modifications in the lipidome in Nude mice skin. An increase in cholesterol sulfate, phospholipids, sphingolipids and fatty acids associated with a decrease in glycerolipids suggest that the lipidome in mice skin is regulated by the Foxn1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lanzini
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Dargère
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Anne Regazzetti
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Abdellah Tebani
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Laprévote
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; AP-HP, Service de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, 4 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France
| | - Nicolas Auzeil
- UMR CNRS 8638, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de L'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Avram D, Califano D. The multifaceted roles of Bcl11b in thymic and peripheral T cells: impact on immune diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2059-65. [PMID: 25128552 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Bcl11b is expressed in all T cell subsets and progenitors, starting from the DN2 stage of T cell development, and it regulates critical processes implicated in the development, function, and survival of many of these cells. Among the common roles of Bcl11b in T cell progenitors and mature T cell subsets are the repression of the innate genetic program and, to some extent, expression maintenance of TCR-signaling components. However, Bcl11b also has unique roles in specific T cell populations, suggesting that its functions depend on cell type and activation state of the cell. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the roles of Bcl11b in progenitors, effector T cells, regulatory T cells, and invariant NKT cells, as well as its impact on immune diseases. While emphasizing common themes, including some that might be extended to skin and neurons, we also describe the control of specific functions in different T cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Avram
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
| | - Danielle Califano
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208
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Edqvist PHD, Fagerberg L, Hallström BM, Danielsson A, Edlund K, Uhlén M, Pontén F. Expression of human skin-specific genes defined by transcriptomics and antibody-based profiling. J Histochem Cytochem 2014; 63:129-41. [PMID: 25411189 DOI: 10.1369/0022155414562646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase our understanding of skin, it is important to define the molecular constituents of the cell types and epidermal layers that signify normal skin. We have combined a genome-wide transcriptomics analysis, using deep sequencing of mRNA from skin biopsies, with immunohistochemistry-based protein profiling to characterize the landscape of gene and protein expression in normal human skin. The transcriptomics and protein expression data of skin were compared to 26 (RNA) and 44 (protein) other normal tissue types. All 20,050 putative protein-coding genes were classified into categories based on patterns of expression. We found that 417 genes showed elevated expression in skin, with 106 genes expressed at least five-fold higher than that in other tissues. The 106 genes categorized as skin enriched encoded for well-known proteins involved in epidermal differentiation and proteins with unknown functions and expression patterns in skin, including the C1orf68 protein, which showed the highest relative enrichment in skin. In conclusion, we have applied a genome-wide analysis to identify the human skin-specific proteome and map the precise localization of the corresponding proteins in different compartments of the skin, to facilitate further functional studies to explore the molecular repertoire of normal skin and to identify biomarkers related to various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Henrik D Edqvist
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (PHDE, AD, KE, FP)
| | - Linn Fagerberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (LF, BMH, MU)
| | - Björn M Hallström
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (LF, BMH, MU)
| | - Angelika Danielsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (PHDE, AD, KE, FP)
| | - Karolina Edlund
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (PHDE, AD, KE, FP)
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (LF, BMH, MU)
| | - Fredrik Pontén
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (PHDE, AD, KE, FP)
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Coleman DJ, Garcia G, Hyter S, Jang HS, Chagani S, Liang X, Larue L, Ganguli-Indra G, Indra AK. Retinoid-X-receptors (α/β) in melanocytes modulate innate immune responses and differentially regulate cell survival following UV irradiation. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004321. [PMID: 24810760 PMCID: PMC4014444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet (UV) induced melanoma formation is becoming crucial with more reported cases each year. Expression of type II nuclear receptor Retinoid-X-Receptor α (RXRα) is lost during melanoma progression in humans. Here, we observed that in mice with melanocyte-specific ablation of RXRα and RXRβ, melanocytes attract fewer IFN-γ secreting immune cells than in wild-type mice following acute UVR exposure, via altered expression of several chemoattractive and chemorepulsive chemokines/cytokines. Reduced IFN-γ in the microenvironment alters UVR-induced apoptosis, and due to this, the survival of surrounding dermal fibroblasts is significantly decreased in mice lacking RXRα/β. Interestingly, post-UVR survival of the melanocytes themselves is enhanced in the absence of RXRα/β. Loss of RXRs α/β specifically in the melanocytes results in an endogenous shift in homeostasis of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in these cells and enhances their survival compared to the wild type melanocytes. Therefore, RXRs modulate post-UVR survival of dermal fibroblasts in a "non-cell autonomous" manner, underscoring their role in immune surveillance, while independently mediating post-UVR melanocyte survival in a "cell autonomous" manner. Our results emphasize a novel immunomodulatory role of melanocytes in controlling survival of neighboring cell types besides controlling their own, and identifies RXRs as potential targets for therapy against UV induced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Coleman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Gloria Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Stephen Hyter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Sharmeen Chagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Xiaobo Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Lionel Larue
- Developmental Genetics of Melanocytes, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Orsay, France; CNRS UMR3347, Orsay, France; INSERM U1021, Orsay, France
| | - Gitali Ganguli-Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Arup K. Indra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
- Dermatology Research Division, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ceramide synthesis in the epidermis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:422-34. [PMID: 23988654 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis and in particular its outermost layer the stratum corneum provides terrestrial vertebrates with a pivotal defensive barrier against water loss, xenobiotics and harmful pathogens. A vital demand for this epidermal permeability barrier is the lipid-enriched lamellar matrix that embeds the enucleated corneocytes. Ceramides are the major components of these highly ordered intercellular lamellar structures, in which linoleic acid- and protein-esterified ceramides are crucial for structuring and maintaining skin barrier integrity. In this review, we describe the fascinating diversity of epidermal ceramides including 1-O-acylceramides. We focus on epidermal ceramide biosynthesis emphasizing its metabolic and topological requirements and discuss enzymes that may be involved in α- and ω-hydroxylation. Finally, we turn to epidermal ceramide regulation, highlighting transcription factors and liposensors recently described to play crucial roles in modulating skin lipid metabolism and epidermal barrier homeostasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier.
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Breiden B, Sandhoff K. The role of sphingolipid metabolism in cutaneous permeability barrier formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:441-52. [PMID: 23954553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal permeability barrier of mammalian skin is localized in the stratum corneum. Corneocytes are embedded in an extracellular, highly ordered lipid matrix of hydrophobic lipids consisting of about 50% ceramides, 25% cholesterol and 15% long and very long chain fatty acids. The most important lipids for the epidermal barrier are ceramides. The scaffold of the lipid matrix is built of acylceramides, containing ω-hydroxylated very long chain fatty acids, acylated at the ω-position with linoleic acid. After glucosylation of the acylceramides at Golgi membranes and secretion, the linoleic acid residues are replaced by glutamate residues originating from proteins exposed on the surface of corneocytes. Removal of their glucosyl residues generates a hydrophobic surface on the corneocytes used as a template for the formation of extracellular lipid layers of the water permeability barrier. Misregulation or defects in the formation of extracellular ceramide structures disturb barrier function. Important anabolic steps are the synthesis of ultra long chain fatty acids, their ω-hydroxylation, and formation of ultra long chain ceramides and glucosylceramides. The main probarrier precursor lipids, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins, are packed in lamellar bodies together with hydrolytic enzymes such as glucosylceramide-β-glucosidase and acid sphingomyelinase and secreted into the intercelullar space between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum. Inherited defects in the extracellular hydrolytic processing of the probarrier acylglucosylceramides impair epidermal barrier formation and cause fatal diseases: such as prosaposin deficiency resulting in lack of lysosomal lipid binding and transfer proteins, or the symptomatic clinical picture of the "collodion baby" in the absence of glucocerebrosidase. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled The Important Role of Lipids in the Epidermis and their Role in the Formation and Maintenance of the Cutaneous Barrier. Guest Editors: Kenneth R. Feingold and Peter Elias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Breiden
- LIMES, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konrad Sandhoff
- LIMES, Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry Unit, c/o Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
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