1
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Ahn S, Yeo H, Jung E, Lee Y, Koh D, Lee H, Han Lee Y, Lim Y, Young Shin S. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamides as a potential EGR-1 inhibitor for targeted therapy of atopic dermatitis. Bioorg Chem 2024; 148:107481. [PMID: 38795583 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense itching and frequent skin barrier dysfunctions. EGR-1 is a transcription factor that aggravates the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis by promoting the production of various inflammatory cytokines. Three 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamides (IT21, IT23, and IT25) were identified as novel inhibitors of EGR-1 DNA-binding activity. In silico docking experiments were performed to elucidate the binding conditions of the EGR-1 zinc-finger (ZnF) DNA-binding domain. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the targeted binding effect on the EGR-1 ZnF DNA-binding domain, leading to dose-dependent dissociation of the EGR-1-DNA complex. At the functional cellular level, IT21, IT23, and IT25 effectively reduced mRNA expression of TNFα-induced EGR-1-regulated inflammatory genes, particularly in HaCaT keratinocytes inflamed by TNFα. In the in vivo efficacy study, IT21, IT23, and IT25 demonstrated the potential to alleviate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in the ear skin of BALB/c mice. These findings suggest that targeting the EGR-1 ZnF DNA-binding domain with 2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives (IT21, IT23, and IT25) could serve as lead compounds for the development of potential therapeutic agents against inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Ahn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Euitaek Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshim Lee
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsoo Koh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhwa Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoongho Lim
- Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BMIC, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Cancer and Metabolism Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Keith YH, Egawa G, Honda T, Kabashima K. Mast cells in type 2 skin inflammation: Maintenance and function. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250359. [PMID: 36933268 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells residing in tissues and playing indispensable roles in maintaining homeostasis and inflammatory states. Skin lesions associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) and type 2 skin inflammation display an increment in MCs, which have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. The direct and indirect activations of skin MCs by environmental factors such as Staphylococcus aureus can instigate type 2 skin inflammation in AD with poorly understood mechanisms. Furthermore, both IgE-dependent and -independent degranulation of MCs contribute to pruritus in AD. Conversely, MCs suppress type 2 skin inflammation by promoting Treg expansion through IL-2 secretion in the spleen. Moreover, skin MCs can upregulate gene expression involved in skin barrier function, thus mitigating AD-like inflammation. These functional variances of MCs in AD could stem from differences in experimental systems, their localization, and origins. In this review, we will focus on how MCs are maintained in the skin under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, and how they are involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Intravital Microscopy Laboratory and Gene Expression (IMAGE) Lab, Precision Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
- A*Star Skin Research Labs (A*SRL), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore
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3
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Liu AW, Gillis JE, Sumpter TL, Kaplan DH. Neuroimmune interactions in atopic and allergic contact dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1169-1177. [PMID: 37149370 PMCID: PMC10167546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The skin is a barrier organ populated by many types of skin-resident immune cells and sensory neurons. It has become increasingly appreciated that neuroimmune interactions are an important component of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. Neuropeptides secreted from nerve terminals play an important role in mediating cutaneous immune cell function, and soluble mediators derived from immune cells interact with neurons to induce itch. In this review article, we will explore emerging research describing neuronal effector functions on skin immune cells in mouse models of atopic and contact dermatitis. We will also discuss the contributions of both specific neuronal subsets and secreted immune factors to itch induction and the associated inflammatory processes. Finally, we will explore how treatment strategies have emerged around these findings and discuss the relationship between scratching and dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jacob E Gillis
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Tina L Sumpter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Daniel H Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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4
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Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Hu L, Liu J, Wang L, Wang T, Zhang H, Cong L, Wang Q. Pathogenesis of allergic diseases and implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:138. [PMID: 36964157 PMCID: PMC10039055 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), allergic asthma (AAS), atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), and eczema are systemic diseases caused by an impaired immune system. Accompanied by high recurrence rates, the steadily rising incidence rates of these diseases are attracting increasing attention. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves many factors, including maternal-fetal environment, living environment, genetics, epigenetics, and the body's immune status. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases exhibits a marked heterogeneity, with phenotype and endotype defining visible features and associated molecular mechanisms, respectively. With the rapid development of immunology, molecular biology, and biotechnology, many new biological drugs have been designed for the treatment of allergic diseases, including anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE), anti-interleukin (IL)-5, and anti-thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)/IL-4, to control symptoms. For doctors and scientists, it is becoming more and more important to understand the influencing factors, pathogenesis, and treatment progress of allergic diseases. This review aimed to assess the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions of allergic diseases, including AR, AAS, AD, and FA. We hope to help doctors and scientists understand allergic diseases systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linhan Hu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Juntong Liu
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 1000210, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyun Zhang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Linpeng Cong
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institute of TCM constitution and Preventive Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China.
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5
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NOD2 Agonism Counter-Regulates Human Type 2 T Cell Functions in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Cultures: Implications for Atopic Dermatitis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020369. [PMID: 36830738 PMCID: PMC9953199 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is known as a skin disease; however, T cell immunopathology found in blood is associated with its severity. Skin Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and associated host-pathogen dynamics are important to chronic T helper 2 (Th2)-dominated inflammation in AD, yet they remain poorly understood. This study sought to investigate the effects of S. aureus-derived molecules and skin alarmins on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, specifically testing Th2-type cells, cytokines, and chemokines known to be associated with AD. We first show that six significantly elevated Th2-related chemokine biomarkers distinguish blood from adult AD patients compared to healthy controls ex vivo; in addition, TARC/CCL17, LDH, and PDGF-AA/AB correlated significantly with disease severity. We then demonstrate that these robust AD-associated biomarkers, as well as associated type 2 T cell functions, are readily reproduced from healthy blood mononuclear cells exposed to the alarmin TSLP and the S. aureus superantigen SEB in a human in vitro model, including IL-13, IL-5, and TARC secretion as well as OX-40-expressing activated memory T cells. We further show that the agonism of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein (NOD)2 inhibits this IL-13 secretion and memory Th2 and Tc2 cell functional activation while inducing significantly increased pSTAT3 and IL-6, both critical for Th17 cell responses. These findings identify NOD2 as a potential regulator of type 2 immune responses in humans and highlight its role as an endogenous inhibitor of pathogenic IL-13 that may open avenues for its therapeutic targeting in AD.
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6
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β-Caryophyllene Ameliorates 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis through the Downregulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/EGR1/TSLP Signaling Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314861. [PMID: 36499191 PMCID: PMC9740728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases accompanied by severe itching. β-caryophyllene (BCP), which displays anti-inflammatory activity, is a natural agonist of cannabinoid receptor 2. However, the therapeutic effects of BCP on atopic dermatitis (AD) remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to evaluate the topical therapeutic efficacy of BCP in an AD-like mouse model. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a keratinocyte-derived cytokine that drives AD pathogenesis. This study also investigated the effect of BCP on the interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced expression of TSLP in HaCaT keratinocytes. We found that the topical application of BCP alleviated AD-like skin inflammation and inhibited the infiltration of proinflammatory cells into skin lesions. Moreover, the topical application of BCP reduced EGR1 (Early Growth Response 1) and TSLP expression in AD-like skin lesions. We also found that BCP inhibited IL-4-induced TSLP expression by downregulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated EGR1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. These findings demonstrate that BCP ameliorates DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions through the downregulation of the MAPK/EGR1/TSLP signaling axis. BCP may be applicable for developing topical therapeutic agents for chronic skin inflammatory diseases, such as AD.
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7
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. The Crosstalk between FcεRI and Sphingosine Signaling in Allergic Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213892. [PMID: 36430378 PMCID: PMC9695510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid molecules have recently attracted attention as signaling molecules in allergic inflammation diseases. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is synthesized by two isoforms of sphingosine kinases (SPHK 1 and SPHK2) and is known to be involved in various cellular processes. S1P levels reportedly increase in allergic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. FcεRI signaling is necessary for allergic inflammation as it can activate the SPHKs and increase the S1P level; once S1P is secreted, it can bind to the S1P receptors (S1PRs). The role of S1P signaling in various allergic diseases is discussed. Increased levels of S1P are positively associated with asthma and anaphylaxis. S1P can either induce or suppress allergic skin diseases in a context-dependent manner. The crosstalk between FcεRI and S1P/SPHK/S1PRs is discussed. The roles of the microRNAs that regulate the expression of the components of S1P signaling in allergic inflammatory diseases are also discussed. Various reports suggest the role of S1P in FcεRI-mediated mast cell (MC) activation. Thus, S1P/SPHK/S1PRs signaling can be the target for developing anti-allergy drugs.
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8
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Iskarpatyoti JA, Shi J, Abraham MA, Rathore APS, Miao Y, Abraham SN. Mast cell regranulation requires a metabolic switch involving mTORC1 and a glucose-6-phosphate transporter. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111346. [PMID: 36170813 PMCID: PMC11218746 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are granulated cells implicated in inflammatory disorders because of their capacity to degranulate, releasing prestored proinflammatory mediators. As MCs have the unique capacity to reform granules following degranulation in vitro, their potential to regranulate in vivo is linked to their pathogenesis. It is not known what factors regulate regranulation, let alone if regranulation occurs in vivo. We report that mice can undergo multiple bouts of MC regranulation following successive anaphylactic reactions. mTORC1, a nutrient sensor that activates protein and lipid synthesis, is necessary for regranulation. mTORC1 activity is regulated by a glucose-6-phosphate transporter, Slc37a2, which increases intracellular glucose-6-phosphate and ATP during regranulation, two upstream signals of mTOR. Additionally, Slc37a2 concentrates extracellular metabolites within endosomes, which are trafficked into nascent granules. Thus, the metabolic switch associated with MC regranulation is mediated by the interactions of a cellular metabolic sensor and a transporter of extracellular metabolites into MC granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Iskarpatyoti
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianling Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mathew A Abraham
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuxuan Miao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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9
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Honda T, Keith YH. Novel Insights Into the Immune-Regulatory Functions of Mast Cells in the Cutaneous Immune Response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898419. [PMID: 35634300 PMCID: PMC9134104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is a frontline organ that is continuously exposed to external stimuli, including pathogens. Various immune cells reside in the skin under physiological conditions and protect the body from the entry of pathogens/antigens by interacting with each other and orchestrating diverse cutaneous immune responses. To avoid unnecessary inflammation and tissue damage during the elimination of external pathogens and antigens, skin possesses regulatory systems that fine-tune these immune reactions. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the skin-resident immune cell populations that play both effector and regulatory functions in the cutaneous immune response. So far, the interleukin-10-mediated mechanisms have mostly been investigated as the regulatory mechanisms of MCs. Recent studies have elucidated other regulatory mechanisms of MCs, such as the maintenance of regulatory T/B cells and the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1-mediated inhibitory pathway. These regulatory pathways of MCs have been suggested to play important roles in limiting the excessive inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases, such as contact and atopic dermatitis. The regulatory functions of MCs may also be involved in the escape mechanisms of antitumor responses in skin cancers, such as melanoma. Understanding and controlling the regulatory functions of skin MCs may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Honda,
| | - Yuki Honda Keith
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Saikosaponin A and Saikosaponin C Reduce TNF-α-Induced TSLP Expression through Inhibition of MAPK-Mediated EGR1 Expression in HaCaT Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094857. [PMID: 35563251 PMCID: PMC9105331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide, characterized by intense pruritus and eczematous lesions. Aberrant expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in keratinocytes is associated with the pathogenesis of AD and is considered a therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease. Saikosaponin A (SSA) and saikosaponin C (SSC), identified from Radix Bupleuri, exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, the topical effects of SSA and SSC on chronic inflammatory skin diseases are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of SSA and SSC on TSLP suppression in an AD-like inflammatory environment. We observed that SSA and SSC suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced TSLP expression by downregulating the expression of the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) via inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. We also confirmed that topical application of SSA or SSC reduced AD-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. Our findings suggest that suppression of EGR1-regulated TSLP expression in keratinocytes might be attributable to the anti-inflammatory effects of SSA and SSC in AD-like skin lesions.
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11
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Chung EJ, Luo CH, Thio CLP, Chang YJ. Immunomodulatory Role of Staphylococcus aureus in Atopic Dermatitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11040422. [PMID: 35456097 PMCID: PMC9025081 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium commonly found on humans, and it constitutes the skin microbiota. Presence of S. aureus in healthy individuals usually does not pose any threat, as the human body is equipped with many mechanisms to prevent pathogen invasion and infection. However, colonization of S. aureus has been correlated with many healthcare-associated infections, and has been found in people with atopic diseases. In atopic dermatitis, constant fluctuations due to inflammation of the epidermal and mucosal barriers can cause structural changes and allow foreign antigens and pathogens to bypass the first line of defense of the innate system. As they persist, S. aureus can secrete various virulence factors to enhance their survival by host invasion and evasion mechanisms. In response, epithelial cells can release damage-associated molecular patterns, or alarmins such as TSLP, IL-25, IL-33, and chemokines, to recruit innate and adaptive immune cells to cause inflammation. Until recently, IL-36 had been found to play an important role in modulating atopic dermatitis. Secretion of IL-36 from keratinocytes can activate a Th2 independent pathway to trigger symptoms of allergic reaction resulting in clinical manifestations. This mini review aims to summarize the immunomodulatory roles of S. aureus virulence factors and how they contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Jachen Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Luo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Christina Li-Ping Thio
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115024, Taiwan; (E.J.C.); (C.-H.L.); (C.L.-P.T.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Córdova-Dávalos LE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Salinas E. Responses of Mast Cells to Pathogens: Beneficial and Detrimental Roles. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685865. [PMID: 34211473 PMCID: PMC8240065 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are strategically located in tissues close to the external environment, being one of the first immune cells to interact with invading pathogens. They are long living effector cells equipped with different receptors that allow microbial recognition. Once activated, MCs release numerous biologically active mediators in the site of pathogen contact, which induce vascular endothelium modification, inflammation development and extracellular matrix remodeling. Efficient and direct antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs involve phagocytosis with oxidative and non-oxidative microbial destruction, extracellular trap formation, and the release of antimicrobial substances. MCs also contribute to host defense through the attraction and activation of phagocytic and inflammatory cells, shaping the innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as part of their response to pathogens and under an impaired, sustained, or systemic activation, MCs may contribute to tissue damage. This review will focus on the current knowledge about direct and indirect contribution of MCs to pathogen clearance. Antimicrobial mechanisms of MCs are addressed with special attention to signaling pathways involved and molecular weapons implicated. The role of MCs in a dysregulated host response that can increase morbidity and mortality is also reviewed and discussed, highlighting the complexity of MCs biology in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Daniel Cervantes-García
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico.,Cátedras CONACYT, National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura E Córdova-Dávalos
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marian Jesabel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), Unidad Sede Sur, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Salinas
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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13
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Voss M, Kotrba J, Gaffal E, Katsoulis-Dimitriou K, Dudeck A. Mast Cells in the Skin: Defenders of Integrity or Offenders in Inflammation? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094589. [PMID: 33925601 PMCID: PMC8123885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are best-known as key effector cells of immediate-type allergic reactions that may even culminate in life-threatening anaphylactic shock syndromes. However, strategically positioned at the host–environment interfaces and equipped with a plethora of receptors, MCs also play an important role in the first-line defense against pathogens. Their main characteristic, the huge amount of preformed proinflammatory mediators embedded in secretory granules, allows for a rapid response and initiation of further immune effector cell recruitment. The same mechanism, however, may account for detrimental overshooting responses. MCs are not only detrimental in MC-driven diseases but also responsible for disease exacerbation in other inflammatory disorders. Focusing on the skin as the largest immune organ, we herein review both beneficial and detrimental functions of skin MCs, from skin barrier integrity via host defense mechanisms to MC-driven inflammatory skin disorders. Moreover, we emphasize the importance of IgE-independent pathways of MC activation and their role in sustained chronic skin inflammation and disease exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Johanna Kotrba
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Evelyn Gaffal
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Konstantinos Katsoulis-Dimitriou
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.V.); (J.K.); (K.K.-D.)
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-Von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Chrysin Inhibits TNFα-Induced TSLP Expression through Downregulation of EGR1 Expression in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094350. [PMID: 33919431 PMCID: PMC8122459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine that acts as a critical mediator in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Various therapeutic agents that prevent TSLP function can efficiently relieve the clinical symptoms of AD. However, the downregulation of TSLP expression by therapeutic agents remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the mode of action of chrysin in TSLP suppression in an AD-like inflammatory environment. We observed that the transcription factor early growth response (EGR1) contributed to the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced transcription of TSLP. Chrysin attenuated TNFα-induced TSLP expression by downregulating EGR1 expression in HaCaT keratinocytes. We also showed that the oral administration of chrysin improved AD-like skin lesions in the ear and neck of BALB/c mice challenged with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene. We also showed that chrysin suppressed the expression of EGR1 and TSLP by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that chrysin improves AD-like skin lesions, at least in part, through the downregulation of the ERK1/2 or JNK1/2-EGR1-TSLP signaling axis in keratinocytes.
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15
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Gilhar A, Reich K, Keren A, Kabashima K, Steinhoff M, Paus R. Mouse models of atopic dermatitis: a critical reappraisal. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:319-336. [PMID: 33368555 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models for atopic dermatitis (AD) are an indispensable preclinical research tool for testing new candidate AD therapeutics and for interrogating AD pathobiology in vivo. In this Viewpoint, we delineate why, unfortunately, none of the currently available so-called "AD" mouse models satisfactorily reflect the clinical complexity of human AD, but imitate more "allergic" or "irriant" contact dermatitis conditions. This limits the predictive value of AD models for clinical outcomes of new tested candidate AD therapeutics and the instructiveness of mouse models for human AD pathophysiology research. Here, we propose to initiate a rational debate on the minimal criteria that a mouse model should meet in order to be considered relevant for human AD. We suggest that valid AD models should at least meet the following criteria: (a) an AD-like epidermal barrier defect with reduced filaggrin expression along with hyperproliferation, hyperplasia; (b) increased epidermal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), periostin and/or chemokines such as TARC (CCL17); (c) a characteristic dermal immune cell infiltrate with overexpression of some key cytokines such as IL-4, IL-13, IL-31 and IL-33; (d) distinctive "neurodermatitis" features (sensory skin hyperinnervation, defective beta-adrenergic signalling, neurogenic skin inflammation and triggering or aggravation of AD-like skin lesions by perceived stress); and (e) response of experimentally induced skin lesions to standard AD therapy. Finally, we delineate why humanized AD mouse models (human skin xenotransplants on SCID mice) offer a particularly promising preclinical research alternative to the currently available "AD" mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kristian Reich
- Centre for Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Skinflammation Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion -Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,School of Medicine, Weill Cornell University-Qatar and Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost, Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Dermatology Research Centre, University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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16
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Kanagaratham C, El Ansari YS, Lewis OL, Oettgen HC. IgE and IgG Antibodies as Regulators of Mast Cell and Basophil Functions in Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603050. [PMID: 33362785 PMCID: PMC7759531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is a major health issue, affecting the lives of 8% of U.S. children and their families. There is an urgent need to identify the environmental and endogenous signals that induce and sustain allergic responses to ingested allergens. Acute reactions to foods are triggered by the activation of mast cells and basophils, both of which release inflammatory mediators that lead to a range of clinical manifestations, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, and respiratory reactions as well as systemic anaphylaxis. Both of these innate effector cell types express the high affinity IgE receptor, FcϵRI, on their surface and are armed for adaptive antigen recognition by very-tightly bound IgE antibodies which, when cross-linked by polyvalent allergen, trigger degranulation. These cells also express inhibitory receptors, including the IgG Fc receptor, FcγRIIb, that suppress their IgE-mediated activation. Recent studies have shown that natural resolution of food allergies is associated with increasing food-specific IgG levels. Furthermore, oral immunotherapy, the sequential administration of incrementally increasing doses of food allergen, is accompanied by the strong induction of allergen-specific IgG antibodies in both human subjects and murine models. These can deliver inhibitory signals via FcγRIIb that block IgE-induced immediate food reactions. In addition to their role in mediating immediate hypersensitivity reactions, mast cells and basophils serve separate but critical functions as adjuvants for type 2 immunity in food allergy. Mast cells and basophils, activated by IgE, are key sources of IL-4 that tilts the immune balance away from tolerance and towards type 2 immunity by promoting the induction of Th2 cells along with the innate effectors of type 2 immunity, ILC2s, while suppressing the development of regulatory T cells and driving their subversion to a pathogenic pro-Th2 phenotype. This adjuvant effect of mast cells and basophils is suppressed when inhibitory signals are delivered by IgG antibodies signaling via FcγRIIb. This review summarizes current understanding of the immunoregulatory effects of mast cells and basophils and how these functions are modulated by IgE and IgG antibodies. Understanding these pathways could provide important insights into innovative strategies for preventing and/or reversing food allergy in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yasmeen S El Ansari
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Owen L Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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17
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El Ansari YS, Kanagaratham C, Lewis OL, Oettgen HC. IgE and mast cells: The endogenous adjuvant. Adv Immunol 2020; 148:93-153. [PMID: 33190734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and IgE are most familiar as the effectors of type I hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis. It is becoming clear however that this pair has important immunomodulatory effects on innate and adaptive cells of the immune system. In this purview, they act as endogenous adjuvants to ignite evolving immune responses, promote the transition of allergic disease into chronic illness and disrupt the development of active mechanisms of tolerance to ingested foods. Suppression of IgE-mediated mast cell activation can be exerted by molecules targeting IgE, FcɛRI or signaling kinases including Syk, or by IgG antibodies acting via inhibitory Fcγ receptors. In 2015 we reviewed the evidence for the adjuvant functions of mast cells. This update includes the original text, incorporates some important developments in the field over the past five years and discusses how interventions targeting these pathways might have promise in the development of strategies to treat allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen S El Ansari
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Cynthia Kanagaratham
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Owen L Lewis
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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18
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Aki A, Tanaka K, Nagaoka N, Kimura T, Baba D, Onodera Y, Wada T, Maeda H, Nakanishi T, Agatsuma T, Komai T. Anti-ORAI1 antibody DS-2741a, a specific CRAC channel blocker, shows ideal therapeutic profiles for allergic disease via suppression of aberrant T-cell and mast cell activation. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:478-488. [PMID: 32821879 PMCID: PMC7429349 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
ORAI1 constitutes the pore-forming subunit of the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, which is responsible for store-operated calcium entry into lymphocytes. It is known that ORAI1 is essential for the activation of T cells and mast cells and is considered to be a potent therapeutic target for autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we obtained a new humanized antibody, DS-2741a, that inhibits ORAI1 function. DS-2741a bound to human-ORAI1 with high affinity and without cross-reactivity to rodent Orai1. DS-2741a demonstrated suppression of CRAC-mediated human and mouse T-cell activation and mast cell degranulation in human ORAI1 knock-in mice. Furthermore, DS-2741a ameliorated house dust mite antigen-induced dermatitis in the human ORAI1 knock-in mouse. Taken together, DS-2741a inhibited T-cell and mast cell functions, thus improving skin inflammation in animal models of atopic dermatitis and reinforcing the need for investigation of DS-2741a for the treatment of allergic diseases in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anri Aki
- R&D DivisionSpecialty Medicine Research Laboratories I, Research FunctionDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Kento Tanaka
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Nobumi Nagaoka
- Biologics DivisionModality Research LaboratoriesDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Takako Kimura
- Structure‐Based Drug Design GroupOrganic Synthesis DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Daichi Baba
- Quality & Safety Management DivisionPost‐Marketing Regulatory Affairs DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Yoshikuni Onodera
- Vaccine Research LaboratoriesBiologics DivisionDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Teiji Wada
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Hiroaki Maeda
- R&D DivisionR&D Planning & Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakanishi
- R&D DivisionR&D Planning & Management DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Toshinori Agatsuma
- Oncology FunctionR&D DivisionOncology Research Laboratories IDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
| | - Tomoaki Komai
- R&D DivisionR&D General Affairs & Human Resources DepartmentDaiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd.TokyoJapan
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19
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Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity and Nitric Oxide Production During Multiple Ovalbumin Challenges. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 44:379-387. [PMID: 30411300 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Mast cell-mediated allergic diseases are a significant global health problem. Nitric oxide (NO) produced by acute type 1 allergies greatly suppresses hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that repeated FcεRI-mediated activation intrinsically modulates mast cell function. We investigated the effect of ovalbumin (OVA) challenges on CYP activity and NO production under real immune responses. METHODS After repeated sensitization with OVA once a week, serum nitrate plus nitrite (NOx) and total plasma immunoglobulin E concentrations were measured using commercially available kits. Hepatic microsomal CYP-specific activities and protein expression were determined using typical substrates and by western blot, respectively. In the liver, the levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), F4/80, and c-kit mRNA were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hepatic total NOS activity was measured using a colorimetric assay kit. RESULTS When mice received multiple OVA challenges, the 11th sensitization elevated NOx concentrations in serum and suppressed the activities of five major CYPs without altering protein expression levels. After the 7th, 11th, and 15th sensitizations, F4/80-positive Kupffer cell and hepatic c-kit-dependent mast cell mRNA levels were similar to those of the control. The 7th and 11th sensitizations increased hepatic iNOS mRNA expression to 15-fold and threefold above control levels, respectively, but did not enhance the total NOS activity in the liver. CONCLUSIONS Multiple OVA challenges, unlike acute sensitization, greatly reduced serum NOx levels. The challenge-suppressed hepatic CYP metabolism was likely related to the increased serum NOx. Serum NOx may be an endogenous marker for CYP metabolism inhibition in type 1 allergic diseases.
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20
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Serhan N, Basso L, Sibilano R, Petitfils C, Meixiong J, Bonnart C, Reber LL, Marichal T, Starkl P, Cenac N, Dong X, Tsai M, Galli SJ, Gaudenzio N. House dust mites activate nociceptor-mast cell clusters to drive type 2 skin inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1435-1443. [PMID: 31591569 PMCID: PMC6858877 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Allergic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), are clinically
characterized by severe itching and type 2 immunity-associated hypersensitivity
to widely-distributed allergens, including those derived from house dust mites
(HDMs). Here we found that HDMs with cysteine-protease activity directly
activated peptidergic nociceptors, which are neuropeptide-producing nociceptive
sensory neurons, that expressed the ion channel TRPV1 and Tac1,
the gene encoding the precursor for the neuropeptide substance P. Intravital
imaging and genetic approaches indicated that HDMs-activated nociceptors drove
the development of allergic skin inflammation by inducing the degranulation of
mast cells contiguous to such nociceptors through the release of substance P and
the activation of the cationic molecules receptor MRGPRB2 on mast cells. This
data indicates that, after exposure to HDM allergens, activation of
TRPV1+Tac1+
nociceptor-MRGPRB2+ sensory clusters represents a key early event
in the development of allergic skin reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Serhan
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - James Meixiong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chrystelle Bonnart
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Unit for Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 INSERM, Paris, France.,Center for Pathophysiology Toulouse Purpan, INSERM U1043, CNRS UMR 5282, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Marichal
- GIGA Institute and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Liege University, Liege, Belgium.,WELBIO, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Unité de Différenciation Epithéliale et Autoimmunité Rhumatoïde, UMR 1056, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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21
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Mast cells drive IgE-mediated disease but might be bystanders in many other inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:S19-S30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Zhao SQ, Xu SQ, Cheng J, Cao XL, Zhang Y, Zhou WP, Huang YJ, Wang J, Hu XM. Anti-inflammatory effect of external use of escin on cutaneous inflammation: possible involvement of glucocorticoids receptor. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:105-112. [PMID: 29455725 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Escin, as an internally applied anti-inflammatory agent, has been widely used in the treatment of inflammation and edema resulting from trauma or operation in the clinic. However, the effect of its external use on cutaneous inflammation and edema remains unexplored. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects of external use of escin were studied in carrageenan-induced paw edema and histamine-induced capillary permeability in rats, paraxylene-induced ear swelling in mice, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats. Effects of external use of escin gel on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined by ELISA. The anti-inflammatory mechanism was explored by detecting the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with Western blotting and Real-time PCR analyses, with further exploration of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) expressions. We demonstrated that external use of escin showed significant anti-inflammatory effects on acute and chronic inflammation in different animal models and its anti-inflammatory effects might be related to down-regulation of PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The results also showed that escin exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by promoting the expression of GR, with the possible mechanism being inhibition of the expressions of GR-related signaling molecules such as NF-κB and AP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Wei-Ping Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yan-Juan Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Xia-Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China; College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China.
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23
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Balbino B, Conde E, Marichal T, Starkl P, Reber LL. Approaches to target IgE antibodies in allergic diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 191:50-64. [PMID: 29909239 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IgE is the antibody isotype found at the lowest concentration in the circulation. However IgE can undeniably play an important role in mediating allergic reactions; best exemplified by the clinical benefits of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (omalizumab) therapy for some allergic diseases. This review will describe our current understanding of the interactions between IgE and its main receptors FcεRI and CD23 (FcεRII). We will review the known and potential functions of IgE in health and disease: in particular, its detrimental roles in allergic diseases and chronic spontaneous urticaria, and its protective functions in host defense against parasites and venoms. Finally, we will present an overview of the drugs that are in clinical development or have therapeutic potential for IgE-mediated allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Balbino
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Eva Conde
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; Neovacs SA, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Marichal
- GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Wallonia, Belgium
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM, Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria; Department of Medicine I, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurent L Reber
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France; INSERM, U1222, Paris, France.
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24
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Yang Y, Kong B, Jung Y, Park JB, Oh JM, Hwang J, Cho JY, Kweon DH. Soluble N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor-Derived Peptides for Regulation of Mast Cell Degranulation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:725. [PMID: 29696021 PMCID: PMC5904360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle-associated V-soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and target membrane-associated T-SNAREs (syntaxin 4 and SNAP-23) assemble into a core trans-SNARE complex that mediates membrane fusion during mast cell degranulation. This complex plays pivotal roles at various stages of exocytosis from the initial priming step to fusion pore opening and expansion, finally resulting in the release of the vesicle contents. In this study, peptides with the sequences of various SNARE motifs were investigated for their potential inhibitory effects against SNARE complex formation and mast cell degranulation. The peptides with the sequences of the N-terminal regions of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2) and VAMP8 were found to reduce mast cell degranulation by inhibiting SNARE complex formation. The fusion of protein transduction domains to the N-terminal of each peptide enabled the internalization of the fusion peptides into the cells equally as efficiently as cell permeabilization by streptolysin-O without any loss of their inhibitory activities. Distinct subsets of mast cell granules could be selectively regulated by the N-terminal-mimicking peptides derived from VAMP2 and VAMP8, and they effectively decreased the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in mouse models. These results suggest that the cell membrane fusion machinery may represent a therapeutic target for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoosoo Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea.,Division for Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Byoungjae Kong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Jung
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joon-Bum Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jaesung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kweon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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25
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Matsuo K, Nagakubo D, Komori Y, Fujisato S, Takeda N, Kitamatsu M, Nishiwaki K, Quan YS, Kamiyama F, Oiso N, Kawada A, Yoshie O, Nakayama T. CCR4 Is Critically Involved in Skin Allergic Inflammation of BALB/c Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1764-1773. [PMID: 29510192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving T-helper (Th) 2 cells, eosinophils, and mast cells. Although CCR4 is a major chemokine receptor expressed on Th2 cells and regarded as a potential therapeutic target for allergic diseases, its role in atopic dermatitis remains unclear. Here, by using a hydrogel patch as a transcutaneous delivery device for ovalbumin (an antigen) and Staphylococcus aureus δ-toxin (a mast cell activator), we efficiently induced acute atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in BALB/c mice, a strain prone to Th2 responses, which were characterized by increased numbers of eosinophils, mast cells, and CCR4-expressing Th2 cells in the skin lesions; elevated levels of total and ovalbumin-specific IgE in the sera; and increased expression of IL-4, IL-17A, IL-22, CCL17, CCL22, and CCR4 in the skin lesions. Of note, the same model was less efficient in C57BL/6 mice, a strain prone to Th1 responses. Using this atopic dermatitis model in BALB/c mice, we demonstrated that CCR4-deficiency or a CCR4 antagonist ameliorated the allergic responses. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CCR4 plays a pivotal role in skin allergic inflammation of BALB/c mice by recruiting CCR4-expressing Th2 cells and Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuhei Komori
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun Fujisato
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takeda
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kitamatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Science and Engineering, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Nishiwaki
- Division of Computational Drug Design and Discovery, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ying-Shu Quan
- CosMED Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Oiso
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Kawada
- Department of Dermatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- The Health and Kampo Institute, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan.
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26
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Hong S. Regulation of Allergic Immune Responses by Microbial Metabolites. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e15. [PMID: 29503745 PMCID: PMC5833122 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that the microbiota plays an essential role in shaping the development and function of host immune responses. A variety of environmental stimuli, including foods and commensals, are recognized by the host through the epithelium, acting as a physical barrier. Two allergic diseases, atopic dermatitis and food allergy, are closely linked to the microbiota, because inflammatory responses occur on the epidermal border. The microbiota generates metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γPGA), which can modulate host immune responses. Here, we review how microbial metabolites can regulate allergic immune responses. Furthermore, we focus on the effect of γPGA on allergic T helper (Th) 2 responses and its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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27
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Wedman PA, Aladhami A, Chumanevich AP, Fuseler JW, Oskeritzian CA. Mast cells and sphingosine-1-phosphate underlie prelesional remodeling in a mouse model of eczema. Allergy 2018; 73:405-415. [PMID: 28905998 PMCID: PMC10127444 DOI: 10.1111/all.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation that affects children and adults worldwide, but its pathogenesis remains ill-understood. METHODS We show that a single application of OVA to mouse skin initiates remodeling and cellular infiltration of the hypodermis measured by a newly developed computer-aided method. RESULTS Importantly, we demonstrate that skin mast cell (MC) activation and local sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are significantly augmented after OVA treatment in mice. Deficiency in sphingosine kinase (SphK)1, the S1P-producing enzyme, or in MC, remarkably mitigates all signs of OVA-mediated remodeling and MC activation. Furthermore, skin S1P levels remain unchanged in MC-deficient mice exposed to OVA. LPS-free OVA does not recapitulate any of the precursor signs of AD, supporting a triggering contribution of LPS in AD that, per se, suffice to activate local MC and elevate skin S1P. CONCLUSION We describe MC and S1P as novel pathogenic effectors that initiate remodeling in AD prior to any skin lesions and reveal the significance of LPS in OVA used in most studies, thus mimicking natural antigen (Ag) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Wedman
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - A. Aladhami
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
- University of Baghdad; Baghdad Iraq
| | - A. P. Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - J. W. Fuseler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
| | - C. A. Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology; University of South Carolina School of Medicine; Columbia SC USA
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Enhanced Expression of IL-18 and IL-18BP in Plasma of Patients with Eczema: Altered Expression of IL-18BP and IL-18 Receptor on Mast Cells. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3090782. [PMID: 28839348 PMCID: PMC5559929 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3090782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-18 has been found to be associated with eczema. However, little is known of the role of IL-18 binding protein (BP) and IL-18 receptor (R) in eczema. We therefore investigated the expression of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R on mast cells by using flow cytometry analysis and mouse eczema model. The results showed that plasma free IL-18 and free IL-18BP levels in eczema patients were higher than those in healthy controls. IL-18 provoked up to 3.1-fold increase in skin mast cells. IL-18 induced also an increase in IL-18BP+ mast cells, but a reduction of IL-18R+ mast cells in mouse eczema skin. It was found that house dust mite allergen Der p1 and egg allergen OVA induced upregulation of the expression of IL-18, IL-18BP, and IL-18R mRNAs in HMC-1 cells following 2 and 16 h incubation. In conclusion, correlation of IL-18 and IL-18BP in eczema plasma suggests an important balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP in eczema. The decrease in molar concentration ratio of plasma IL-18BP/IL-18 and allergen-induced upregulated expression of IL-18 and IL-18R in skin mast cells of the patients with eczema suggests that anti-IL-18 including IL-18BP therapy may be useful for the treatment of eczema.
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29
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The Skin as a Route of Allergen Exposure: Part I. Immune Components and Mechanisms. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 17:6. [PMID: 28185161 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-017-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent contributions in the literature that enhance our understanding of the cutaneous immune response to allergen. RECENT FINDINGS Defects in skin barrier function in infancy set the stage for the development of atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergy. Both genetic and environmental factors can contribute to damage of the stratum corneum (SC), with activation of specific protease enzymes under high pH conditions playing a key role. Immune cells and mediators in the dermis and epidermis impair SC repair mechanisms and support allergy development. In barrier-disrupted skin, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), mast cells (MCs), and basophils have been shown to promote AD and pathogenic Th2 responses in murine models. Skin barrier disruption favors induction of systemic Th2-associated inflammatory pathways. A better understanding of the ontogeny and regulation of these complex networks in infant skin is needed to guide future strategies for allergy treatment and prevention.
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30
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Abramo F, Lazzarini G, Pirone A, Lenzi C, Albertini S, Della Valle MF, Schievano C, Vannozzi I, Miragliotta V. Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide counteracts the effects of compound 48/80 in a canine skin organ culture model. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:456-e104. [PMID: 28585337 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) has been reported to reduce pruritus and skin lesions in dogs with moderate atopic dermatitis and pruritus. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES A canine ex vivo skin model was used to investigate the ability of PEA-um to counteract changes induced by compound 48/80, a well-known secretagogue that causes mast cell degranulation. ANIMALS Normal skin was obtained from three donor dogs subjected to surgery for reasons unrelated to the study. METHODS Cultured skin biopsy samples in triplicate were treated with 10 and 100 μg/mL compound 48/80, without or with 30 μM PEA-um. Mast cell (MC) degranulation, histamine release into the culture medium, local microvascular dilatation, epidermal thickness, keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal differentiation markers were evaluated. RESULTS Exposure of the skin organ culture to PEA-um 24 h before and 72 h concomitantly to compound 48/80 resulted in a significant decrease of degranulating MCs. PEA-um also reduced the histamine content in the culture medium by half, although the effect did not reach statistical significance. PEA-um significantly counteracted vasodilation induced by 100 μg/mL compound 48/80. Finally, PEA-um alone did not induce changes in epidermal thickness, differentiation markers, keratinocyte proliferation, MC density and/or degranulation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Collectively, these results support the protective action PEA-um on the skin of dogs undergoing allergic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Abramo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Giulia Lazzarini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Carla Lenzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Sonia Albertini
- Endocrinology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Via Roma 67, Pisa, I-56100, Italy
| | - M Frederica Della Valle
- Science Information and Documentation Centre (CeDIS), Innovet Italia SRL, Via Egadi 7, Milano, I-20144, Italy
| | - Carlo Schievano
- Innovative Statistical Research SRL, Via Prato Della Valle 24, Padova, I-35123, Italy
| | - Iacopo Vannozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Miragliotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
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31
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TWEAK mediates inflammation in experimental atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15395. [PMID: 28530223 PMCID: PMC5493595 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are driven by alternate type 2 and type 17 immune responses, but some proteins might be critical to both diseases. Here we show that a deficiency of the TNF superfamily molecule TWEAK (TNFSF12) in mice results in defective maintenance of AD-specific T helper type 2 (Th2) and psoriasis-specific Th17 cells in the skin, and impaired expression of disease-characteristic chemokines and cytokines, such as CCL17 and TSLP in AD, and CCL20 and IL-19 in psoriasis. The TWEAK receptor, Fn14, is upregulated in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and TWEAK induces these cytokines and chemokines alone and in synergy with the signature T helper cytokines of either disease, IL-13 and IL-17. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of recombinant TWEAK into naive mice induces cutaneous inflammation with histological and molecular signs of both diseases. TWEAK is therefore a critical contributor to skin inflammation and a possible therapeutic target in AD and psoriasis.
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32
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Kawakami Y, Ando T, Lee JR, Kim G, Kawakami Y, Nakasaki T, Nakasaki M, Matsumoto K, Choi YS, Kawakami T. Defective natural killer cell activity in a mouse model of eczema herpeticum. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 139:997-1006.e10. [PMID: 27476888 PMCID: PMC5276800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are susceptible to several viruses, including herpes simplex virus (HSV). Some patients experience 1 or more episodes of a severe skin infection caused by HSV termed eczema herpeticum (EH). There are numerous mouse models of AD, but no established model exists for EH. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish and characterize a mouse model of EH. METHODS We infected AD-like skin lesions with HSV1 to induce severe skin lesions in a dermatitis-prone mouse strain of NC/Nga. Gene expression was investigated by using a microarray and quantitative PCR; antibody titers were measured by means of ELISA; and natural killer (NK) cell, cytotoxic T-cell, regulatory T-cell, and follicular helper T-cell populations were evaluated by using flow cytometry. The role of NK cells in HSV1-induced development of severe skin lesions was examined by means of depletion and adoptive transfer. RESULTS Inoculation of HSV1 induced severe erosive skin lesions in eczematous mice, which had an impaired skin barrier, but milder lesions in small numbers of normal mice. Eczematous mice exhibited lower NK cell activity but similar cytotoxic T-cell activity and humoral immune responses compared with normal mice. The role of NK cells in controlling HSV1-induced skin lesions was demonstrated by experiments depleting or transferring NK cells. CONCLUSION A murine model of EH with an impaired skin barrier was established in this study. We demonstrated a critical role of defective NK activities in the development of HSV1-induced severe skin lesions in eczematous mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jong-Rok Lee
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Gisen Kim
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Yu Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Tae Nakasaki
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Manando Nakasaki
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youn Soo Choi
- Division of Vaccine Development and Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, Calif; Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan.
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33
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Hong SW, Kim KS, Surh CD. Beyond Hygiene: Commensal Microbiota and Allergic Diseases. Immune Netw 2017; 17:48-59. [PMID: 28261020 PMCID: PMC5334122 DOI: 10.4110/in.2017.17.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex communities of microorganisms, termed commensal microbiota, inhabit mucosal surfaces and profoundly influence host physiology as well as occurrence of allergic diseases. Perturbing factors such as the mode of delivery, dietary fibers and antibiotics can influence allergic diseases by altering commensal microbiota in affected tissues as well as in intestine. Here, we review current findings on the relationship between commensal microbiota and allergic diseases, and discuss the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of allergic responses by commensal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wook Hong
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Kwang Soon Kim
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea.; Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology. Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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34
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Zhan M, Zheng W, Jiang Q, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang H, He S. Upregulated expression of substance P (SP) and NK1R in eczema and SP-induced mast cell accumulation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2017; 33:389-405. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Marichal T, Gaudenzio N, El Abbas S, Sibilano R, Zurek O, Starkl P, Reber LL, Pirottin D, Kim J, Chambon P, Roers A, Antoine N, Kawakami Y, Kawakami T, Bureau F, Tam SY, Tsai M, Galli SJ. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor RABGEF1 regulates keratinocyte-intrinsic signaling to maintain skin homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:4497-4515. [PMID: 27820702 DOI: 10.1172/jci86359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratinocytes form a structural and immune barrier that is essential for skin homeostasis. However, the mechanisms that regulate epidermal barrier function are incompletely understood. Here we have found that keratinocyte-specific deletion of the gene encoding RAB guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (RABGEF1, also known as RABEX-5) severely impairs epidermal barrier function in mice and induces an allergic cutaneous and systemic phenotype. RABGEF1-deficient keratinocytes exhibited aberrant activation of the intrinsic IL-1R/MYD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and MYD88-dependent abnormalities in expression of structural proteins that contribute to skin barrier function. Moreover, ablation of MYD88 signaling in RABGEF1-deficient keratinocytes or deletion of Il1r1 restored skin homeostasis and prevented development of skin inflammation. We further demonstrated that epidermal RABGEF1 expression is reduced in skin lesions of humans diagnosed with either atopic dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis as well as in an inducible mouse model of allergic dermatitis. Our findings reveal a key role for RABGEF1 in dampening keratinocyte-intrinsic MYD88 signaling and sustaining epidermal barrier function in mice, and suggest that dysregulation of RABGEF1 expression may contribute to epidermal barrier dysfunction in allergic skin disorders in mice and humans. Thus, RABGEF1-mediated regulation of IL-1R/MYD88 signaling might represent a potential therapeutic target.
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36
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Major differences between human atopic dermatitis and murine models, as determined by using global transcriptomic profiling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 139:562-571. [PMID: 27702671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is caused by a complex interplay between immune and barrier abnormalities. Murine models of AD are essential for preclinical assessments of new treatments. Although many models have been used to simulate AD, their transcriptomic profiles are not fully understood, and a comparison of these models with the human AD transcriptomic fingerprint is lacking. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the transcriptomic profiles of 6 common murine models and determine how they relate to human AD skin. METHODS Transcriptomic profiling was performed by using microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR on biopsy specimens from NC/Nga, flaky tail, Flg-mutated, ovalbumin-challenged, oxazolone-challenged, and IL-23-injected mice. Gene expression data of patients with AD, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis were obtained from previous patient cohorts. Criteria of a fold change of 2 or greater and a false discovery rate of 0.05 or less were used for gene arrays. RESULTS IL-23-injected, NC/Nga, and oxazolone-challenged mice show the largest homology with our human meta-analysis-derived AD transcriptome (37%, 18%, 17%, respectively). Similar to human AD, robust TH1, TH2, and also TH17 activation are seen in IL-23-injected and NC/Nga mice, with similar but weaker inflammation in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Oxazolone-challenged mice show a TH1-centered reaction, and flaky tail mice demonstrate a strong TH17 polarization. Flg-mutated mice display filaggrin downregulation without significant inflammation. CONCLUSION No single murine model fully captures all aspects of the AD profile; instead, each model reflects different immune or barrier disease aspects. Overall, among the 6 murine models, IL-23-injected mice best simulate human AD; still, the translational focus of the investigation should determine which model is most applicable.
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37
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Subramanian H, Gupta K, Ali H. Roles of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 on mast cell-mediated host defense, pseudoallergic drug reactions, and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:700-710. [PMID: 27448446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), which are granulated tissue-resident cells of hematopoietic lineage, contribute to vascular homeostasis, innate/adaptive immunity, and wound healing. However, MCs are best known for their roles in allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as anaphylaxis, food allergy, rhinitis, itch, urticaria, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. In addition to the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI), MCs express numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which are the largest group of membrane receptor proteins and the most common targets of drug therapy. Antimicrobial host defense peptides, neuropeptides, major basic protein, eosinophil peroxidase, and many US Food and Drug Administration-approved peptidergic drugs activate human MCs through a novel GPCR known as Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2; formerly known as MrgX2). Unique features of MRGPRX2 that distinguish it from other GPCRs include their presence both on the plasma membrane and intracellular sites and their selective expression in MCs. In this article we review the possible roles of MRGPRX2 on host defense, drug-induced anaphylactoid reactions, neurogenic inflammation, pain, itch, and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as urticaria and asthma. We propose that host defense peptides that kill microbes directly and activate MCs through MRGPRX2 could serve as novel GPCR targets to modulate host defense against microbial infection. Furthermore, mAbs or small-molecule inhibitors of MRGPRX2 could be developed for the treatment of MC-dependent allergic and inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan Subramanian
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Kshitij Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Hydar Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pa.
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38
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Suurmond J, Habets KLL, Tatum Z, Schonkeren JJ, Hoen PAC', Huizinga TWJ, Laros JFJ, Toes REM, Kurreeman F. Repeated FcεRI triggering reveals modified mast cell function related to chronic allergic responses in tissue. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:869-880. [PMID: 27033170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of mast cells through FcεRI plays an important role in acute allergic reactions. However, little is known about the function of mast cells in patients with chronic allergic inflammation or the effect of repeated FcεRI triggering occurring in such responses. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify changes in mast cell function after repeated FcεRI triggering and to correlate these changes to chronic allergic responses in tissue. METHODS Human cord blood-derived mast cells were treated for 2 weeks with anti-IgE. The function of naive or treated mast cells was analyzed by means of RNA sequencing, quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and functional assays. Protein secretion was measured with ELISAs and multiplex assays. RESULTS We observed several changes in mast cell function after repeated anti-IgE triggering. Although the acute response was dampened, we identified 289 genes significantly upregulated after repeated anti-IgE. Most of these genes (84%) were not upregulated after a single anti-IgE stimulus, indicating a significantly different response mode characterized by increased antigen presentation, response to bacteria, and chemotaxis. Changes in mast cell function were related to changes in expression of the transcription factors RXRA and BATF and others. Importantly, we found a substantial overlap between genes upregulated after repeated anti-IgE triggering and genes upregulated in tissue from patients with chronic allergy, in particular those of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for intrinsic modulation of mast cell function on repeated FcεRI-mediated activation. The overlap with gene expression in tissues is suggestive of a direct link between repeated IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and chronic allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Suurmond
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kim L L Habets
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zuotian Tatum
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J Schonkeren
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen F J Laros
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Fina Kurreeman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sehra S, Serezani APM, Ocaña JA, Travers JB, Kaplan MH. Mast Cells Regulate Epidermal Barrier Function and the Development of Allergic Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1429-1437. [PMID: 27021404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by infiltration of eosinophils, T helper cells, and mast cells. The role of mast cells in atopic dermatitis is not completely understood. To define the effects of mast cells on skin biology, we observed that mast cells regulate the homeostatic expression of epidermal differentiation complex and other skin genes. Decreased epidermal differentiation complex gene expression in mice that genetically lack mast cells (Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice) is associated with increased uptake of protein antigens painted on the skin by dendritic cells (DCs) compared with similarly treated wild-type mice, suggesting a protective role for mast cells in exposure to nominal environmental allergens. To test this further, we crossed Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice with signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (i.e., Stat6) VT transgenic mice that develop spontaneous atopic dermatitis-like disease that is dependent on T helper cell 2 cytokines and is associated with high serum concentrations of IgE. We observed that Stat6VT × Kit(W-sh/W-sh) mice developed more frequent and more severe allergic skin inflammation than Stat6VT transgenic mice that had mast cells. Together, these studies suggest that mast cells regulate epidermal barrier function and have a potential protective role in the development of atopic dermatitis-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Sehra
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana P M Serezani
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jesus A Ocaña
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Kamijo S, Suzuki M, Hara M, Shimura S, Ochi H, Maruyama N, Matsuda A, Saito H, Nakae S, Suto H, Ichikawa S, Ikeda S, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Takai T. Subcutaneous Allergic Sensitization to Protease Allergen Is Dependent on Mast Cells but Not IL-33: Distinct Mechanisms between Subcutaneous and Intranasal Routes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3559-69. [PMID: 27001956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protease activity of papain, a plant-derived occupational allergen homologous to mite major allergens, is essential to IgE/IgG1 production and lung eosinophilia induced by intranasal papain administration in mice, and IL-33 contributes to these responses. In this work, we investigate skin and Ab responses induced by s.c. papain administration into ear lobes and responses induced by subsequent airway challenge with papain. Subcutaneous papain injection induced swelling associated with increased epidermal thickness, dermal inflammation, serum IgE/IgG1 responses, and Th2 cytokine production in draining lymph node cells restimulated in vitro. These responses were markedly less upon s.c. administration of protease inhibitor-treated papain. Results obtained by using mast cell-deficient mice and reconstitution of tissue mast cells suggested the contribution of mast cells to papain-specific IgE/IgG1 responses and eosinophil infiltration. The responses were equivalent between wild-type and IL-33(-/-) mice. After the subsequent airway challenge, the s.c. presensitized wild-type mice showed more severe lung eosinophilia than those without the presensitization. The presensitized IL-33(-/-) mice showed modest lung eosinophilia, which was absent without the presensitization, but its severity and IgE boost by the airway challenge were markedly less than the presensitized wild-type mice, in which protease activity of inhaled papain contributed to the responses. The results suggest that mechanisms for the protease-dependent sensitization differ between skin and airway and that cooperation of mast cell-dependent, IL-33-independent initial sensitization via skin and protease-induced, IL-33-mediated mechanism in re-exposure via airway to protease allergens maximizes the magnitude of the transition from skin inflammation to asthma in natural history of progression of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kamijo
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mayu Suzuki
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Materials and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mutsuko Hara
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sakiko Shimura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirono Ochi
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Natsuko Maruyama
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; and Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hajime Suto
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Saori Ichikawa
- Department of Materials and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Toshiro Takai
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
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Kawakami T, Ando T, Kawakami Y. Hypothetical Atopic Dermatitis-Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Syndrome. Front Immunol 2015; 6:434. [PMID: 26379670 PMCID: PMC4547498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are hematopoietic malignancies caused by uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Recent studies have described several mutant mice exhibiting both AD-like skin inflammation and MPN. Common pathways for skin inflammation encompass overexpression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and reduced signaling of epidermal growth factor receptor in the epidermis, while overproduction of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor by keratinocytes and constitutive activation of Stat5 in hematopoietic stem cells are important for the development of MPN. The murine studies suggest the existence of a similar human disease tentatively termed as the atopic dermatitis-myeloproliferative neoplasm syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA ; Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI) , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ando
- Laboratory for Allergic Disease, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI) , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Yuko Kawakami
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology , La Jolla, CA , USA
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Mast Cell Serotonin Immunoregulatory Effects Impacting on Neuronal Function: Implications for Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Disorders. Neurotox Res 2015; 28:147-53. [PMID: 26038194 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are derived from hemopoietic precursor cells, undergo their maturation in peripheral tissues, and play a significant role in both the innate and adaptive immune response. Cross-linking of the FcεRI on MCs initiates activation of several cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases which rapidly lead to phosphorylation and recruitment of adaptor molecules. These effects trigger the release of preformed mediators stored in the cytoplasmic granules, including histamine, serotonin and tryptase, as well as newly synthesized mediators, such as cytokines/chemokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and growth factors. Serotonin (5-HT) is a bioactive monoamine, which has seven specific cell surface membrane bound receptors which are coupled to G-proteins, plays an important role in the central and peripheral nervous system, and is one of the key mediators in signaling between nervous and immune systems. Serotonin is not stored in all MC types but is implicated in MC adhesion, chemotaxis, tumorigenesis, and tissue regeneration through smooth muscle differentiation of stromal cells. Recent evidence indicates that serotonin has immunoregulatory actions that may be important in neuropsychiatric conditions. Chemokines, RANTES/CCL5, MCP-1/CCL2, and related molecules, constitute the C-C class of chemokine supergene family, play a role in regulating T helper-cell cytokine production and MC trafficking, and are involved in histamine and serotonin generation and MC functions. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1-β and tumor necrosis factor which mediate MC response, are capable of activating p38 MAPK, and might increase serotonin generation through p38 MAPK activation. Here, we review the relationship between MCs and serotonin and its role in inflammatory diseases and neuroimmune interactions.
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Abril-Gil M, Garcia-Just A, Pérez-Cano FJ, Franch À, Castell M. Development and characterization of an effective food allergy model in Brown Norway rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125314. [PMID: 25923134 PMCID: PMC4414460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy (FA) is an adverse health effect produced by the exposure to a given food. Currently, there is no optimal animal model of FA for the screening of immunotherapies or for testing the allergenicity of new foods. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to develop an effective and rapid model of FA in Brown Norway rats. In order to establish biomarkers of FA in rat, we compared the immune response and the anaphylactic shock obtained in this model with those achieved with only intraperitoneal immunization. METHODS Rats received an intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) with alum and toxin from Bordetella pertussis, and 14 days later, OVA by oral route daily for three weeks (FA group). A group of rats receiving only the i.p. injection (IP group) were also tested. Serum anti-OVA IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgA antibodies were quantified throughout the study. After an oral challenge, body temperature, intestinal permeability, motor activity, and mast cell protease II (RMCP-II) levels were determined. At the end of the study, anti-OVA intestinal IgA, spleen cytokine production, lymphocyte composition of Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, and gene expression in the small intestine were quantified. RESULTS Serum OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b concentrations rose with the i.p. immunization but were highly augmented after the oral OVA administration. Anti-OVA IgE increased twofold during the first week of oral OVA gavage. The anaphylaxis in both IP and FA groups decreased body temperature and motor activity, whereas intestinal permeability increased. Interestingly, the FA group showed a much higher RMCP II serum protein and intestinal mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS These results show both an effective and relatively rapid model of FA assessed by means of specific antibody titres and the high production of RMCP-II and its intestinal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Abril-Gil
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Garcia-Just
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Franch
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Margarida Castell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària, Universitat de Barcelona (INSA-UB), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Mast cells are dispensable in a genetic mouse model of chronic dermatitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1575-87. [PMID: 25843682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, affect a large percentage of the population, but the role of different immune cells in the pathogenesis of these disorders is largely unknown. Recently, we found that mice lacking fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Fgfr1) and Fgfr2 (K5-R1/R2 mice) in the epidermis have a severe impairment in the epidermal barrier, which leads to the development of a chronic inflammatory skin disease that shares many features with human atopic dermatitis. Using Fgfr1-/Fgfr2-deficient mice, we analyzed the consequences of the loss of mast cells. Mast cells accumulated and degranulated in the skin of young Fgfr1-/Fgfr2-deficient mice, most likely as a consequence of increased expression of the mast cell chemokine Ccl2. The increase in mast cells occurred before the development of histological abnormalities, indicating a functional role of these cells in the inflammatory skin phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we mated the Fgfr1-/Fgfr2-deficient mice with mast cell-deficient CreMaster mice. Surprisingly, loss of mast cells did not or only mildly affect keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal thickness, epidermal barrier function, accumulation and activation of different immune cells, or expression of different proinflammatory cytokines in the skin. These results reveal that mast cells are dispensable for the development of chronic inflammation in response to a defect in the epidermal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Peng
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - N. Novak
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
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48
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Complex 2B4 Regulation of Mast Cells and Eosinophils in Murine Allergic Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2928-2937. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Borriello F, Granata F, Varricchi G, Genovese A, Triggiani M, Marone G. Immunopharmacological modulation of mast cells. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 17:45-57. [PMID: 25063971 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells produce a wide spectrum of mediators and they have been implicated in several physiopathological conditions (e.g. allergic reactions and certain tumors). Pharmacologic agents that modulate the release of mediators from mast cells has helped to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms by which immunological and non-immunological stimuli activate these cells. Furthermore, the study of surface receptors and signaling pathways associated with mast cell activation revealed novel pharmacologic targets. Thus, the development of pharmacologic agents based on this new wave of knowledge holds promise for the treatment of several mast cell-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Borriello
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francescopaolo Granata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Genovese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Salerno, School of Medicine, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, School of Medicine, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Oyoshi MK, Oettgen HC, Chatila TA, Geha RS, Bryce PJ. Food allergy: Insights into etiology, prevention, and treatment provided by murine models. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 133:309-17. [PMID: 24636470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy is a rapidly growing public health concern because of its increasing prevalence and life-threatening potential. Animal models of food allergy have emerged as a tool for identifying mechanisms involved in the development of sensitization to normally harmless food allergens, as well as delineating the critical immune components of the effector phase of allergic reactions to food. However, the role animal models might play in understanding human diseases remains contentious. This review summarizes how animal models have provided insights into the etiology of human food allergy, experimental corroboration for epidemiologic findings that might facilitate prevention strategies, and validation for the utility of new therapies for food allergy. Improved understanding of food allergy from the study of animal models together with human studies is likely to contribute to the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Hans C Oettgen
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Talal A Chatila
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Raif S Geha
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital and the Departments of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Paul J Bryce
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill.
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