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Weinberg RL, Kim S, Pang Z, Awad S, Hanback T, Pan B, Bettin L, Chang D, Polydefkis MJ, Qu L, Caterina MJ. Pain Hypersensitivity in SLURP1 and SLURP2 Knock-out Mouse Models of Hereditary Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0260232024. [PMID: 38866482 PMCID: PMC11236581 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0260-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
SLURP1 and SLURP2 are both small secreted members of the Ly6/u-PAR family of proteins and are highly expressed in keratinocytes. Loss-of-function mutations in SLURP1 lead to a rare autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), Mal de Meleda (MdM), which is characterized by diffuse, yellowish palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Some individuals with MdM experience pain in conjunction with the hyperkeratosis that has been attributed to fissures or microbial superinfection within the affected skin. By comparison, other hereditary PPKs such as pachyonychia congenita and Olmsted syndrome show prevalent pain in PPK lesions. Two mouse models of MdM, Slurp1 knock-out and Slurp2X knock-out, exhibit robust PPK in all four paws. However, whether the sensory experience of these animals includes augmented pain sensitivity remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that both models exhibit hypersensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli as well as spontaneous pain behaviors in males and females. Anatomical analysis revealed slightly reduced glabrous skin epidermal innervation and substantial alterations in palmoplantar skin immune composition in Slurp2X knock-out mice. Primary sensory neurons innervating hindpaw glabrous skin from Slurp2X knock-out mice exhibit increased incidence of spontaneous activity and mechanical hypersensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, Slurp knock-out mice exhibit polymodal PPK-associated pain that is associated with both immune alterations and neuronal hyperexcitability and might therefore be useful for the identification of therapeutic targets to treat PPK-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Weinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Zixuan Pang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Sandy Awad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Tyger Hanback
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Baohan Pan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Leonie Bettin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dennis Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Michael J Polydefkis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Lintao Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Michael J Caterina
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Swamynathan S, Campbell G, Sohnen P, Kaur S, St. Leger AJ, Swamynathan SK. The Secreted Ly6/uPAR-Related Protein 1 (Slurp1) Modulates Corneal Angiogenic Inflammation Via NF-κB Signaling. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:37. [PMID: 38252525 PMCID: PMC10810026 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previously we demonstrated that the secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein 1 (SLURP1), abundantly expressed in the corneal epithelium (CE) and secreted into the tear fluid, serves as an antiangiogenic molecule. Here we describe the Slurp1-null (Slurp1X-/-) mouse corneal response to silver nitrate (AgNO3) cautery. Methods Five days after AgNO3 cautery, we compared the wild-type (WT) and Slurp1X-/- mouse (1) corneal neovascularization (CNV) and immune cell influx by whole-mount immunofluorescent staining for CD31 and CD45, (2) macrophage and neutrophil infiltration by flow cytometry, and (3) gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. Quantitative RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining, and immunoblots were employed to evaluate the expression, phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization of NF-κB pathway components. Results Unlike the WT, the Slurp1X-/- corneas displayed denser CNV in response to AgNO3 cautery, with more infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils and greater upregulation of the transcripts encoding VEGFA, MMP2, IL-1b, and vimentin. At 2, 7, and 10 days after AgNO3 cautery, Slurp1 expression was significantly downregulated in the WT corneas. Compared with the WT, naive Slurp1X-/- CE displayed increased phosphorylation of IKK(a/b), elevated phosphorylation of IκB with decreased amounts of total IκB, and higher phosphorylation of NF-κB, suggesting that NF-κB signaling is constitutively active in naive Slurp1X-/- corneas. Conclusions Enhanced angiogenic inflammation in AgNO3 cauterized Slurp1X-/- corneas and constitutively active status of NF-κB signaling in the absence of Slurp1 suggest that Slurp1 modulates corneal angiogenic inflammation via NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Gregory Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peri Sohnen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony J. St. Leger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Wang T, Tang Z, Xiao T, Ren J, He S, Liu Y, Xiao S, Wang X. Identification of a novel compound heterozygous mutation and a homozygous mutation of SLURP1 in Chinese families with Mal de Meleda. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:152. [PMID: 37393290 PMCID: PMC10314434 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mal de Meleda is an autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma, with SLURP1 identified as the pathogenic gene responsible. Although over 20 mutations in SLURP1 have been reported, only the mutation c.256G > A (p.G87R) has been detected in Chinese patients. Here, we report a novel heterozygous SLURP1 mutation in a Chinese family. METHODS We assessed the clinical manifestations of two Chinese patients with Mal de Meleda and collected specimens from the patients and other family members for whole-exome and Sanger sequencing. We used algorithms (MutationTaster, SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, PANTHER, FATHMM, mCSM, SDM and DUET) to predict the pathogenetic potential of the mutation detected. We also employed AlphaFold2 and PyMOL for protein structure analysis. RESULTS Both patients displayed the typical manifestation of palmoplantar keratoderma. In Proband 1, we detected a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.243C > A and c.256G > A) in exon 3 of SLURP1. Proband 2 was an adult female born to a consanguineous family and carried a homozygous mutation (c.211C > T). Algorithms indicated both mutations to be probably disease causing. We used AlphaFold2 to predict the protein structure of these mutations and found that they cause instability, as shown by PyMOL. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation (c.243C > A and c.256G > A) in a Chinese patient with Mal de Meleda that has the potential to cause instability in protein structure. Moreover, this study expands on the existing knowledge of SLURP1 mutations and contributes to knowledge of Mal de Meleda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhuangli Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Junru Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shuyao He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Shengxiang Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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Dai Y, Zheng X, Zhang Q, Hu X, Wang P, Yang S. Case Report: Challenges in the Diagnosis of a Case of Mal de Meleda and a Therapeutic Attempt of Ixekizumab and Adalimumab. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:821301. [PMID: 35360724 PMCID: PMC8961326 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.821301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mal de Meleda (MDM, OMIM 248300) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by symmetrical and progressive palmoplantar hyperkeratosis soon after birth. Mutations in SLURP1 gene could lead to MDM. Clinically, MDM is easily misdiagnosed as other types of keratoderma due to phenotypic variation and overlap. Objective and Methods A patient with suspected MDM was confirmed by the combination of next-generation sequencing and Exomiser, and the patient was attempted with the treatment of Ixekizumab and Adalimumab. Results A homozygous mutation c.256G>A (p.Gly86Arg) in the SLURP1 gene was identified in the patient. The inflammatory erythemas on his hands, feet and buttocks were mildly relieved after the treatment of high dose of Ixekizumab. Conclusions Our findings helps to enhance the understanding of MDM. Ixekizumab may be a potential strategy to treat MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China,Ferry Outpatient Department, The Ferry Skin Research Institute, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China,Ferry Outpatient Department, The Ferry Skin Research Institute, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China,Ferry Outpatient Department, The Ferry Skin Research Institute, Hefei, China
| | - Peiguang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Peiguang Wang
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China,Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China,Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immune Mediated Diseases, Hefei, China,Ferry Outpatient Department, The Ferry Skin Research Institute, Hefei, China,Sen Yang
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Swamynathan S, Campbell G, Tiwari A, Swamynathan SK. Secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein-1 (SLURP1) is a pro-differentiation factor that stalls G1-S transition during corneal epithelial cell cycle progression. Ocul Surf 2021; 24:1-11. [PMID: 34923162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously we demonstrated that the secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1), abundantly expressed in the corneal epithelium (CE) and secreted into the tear fluid, serves as an anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic molecule. Here we describe the Slurp1-null (Slurp1X-/-) mouse corneal phenotype for the first time. METHODS We compared the 10-week-old wild type (WT) and Slurp1X-/- mouse corneal (i) histology by hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff's reagent staining, (ii) cell proliferation by immunostaining for Ki67, (iii) cell adhesion molecules by immunostaining for desmosomal and tight junction proteins, (iv) barrier function by fluorescein staining and (v) wound-healing by epithelial debridement. Effect of SLURP1 on cell cycle was quantified in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells engineered to express SLURP1 (HCLE-SLURP1). RESULTS WT and Slurp1X-/- corneal histology was largely comparable, other than a few loosely attached superficial cells in Slurp1X-/- corneas. Compared with the WT, Slurp1X-/- corneas displayed (i) increase in Ki67+ cells, (ii) altered expression and/or localization of tight junction proteins Tjp1 and Pard3, and desmosomal Dsp, (iii) increased superficial fragility and (iv) slower CE wound healing. HCLE-SLURP1 cells displayed (i) decrease in Ki67+ cells, (ii) increased cell number doubling time, (iii) stalling in G1-S phase transition during cell cycle, and (iv) downregulation of cyclins CCNE and CCND1/D2, cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, and upregulation of CDK inhibitor p15/CDKN2B. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results elucidate that Slurp1X-/- CE cell homeostasis is altered and suggest that SLURP1 is a pro-differentiation factor that stalls G1-S transition during cell cycle progression by downregulating cyclins and upregulating p15/CDKN2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Gregory Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
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Regulation of Immune Functions by Non-Neuronal Acetylcholine (ACh) via Muscarinic and Nicotinic ACh Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136818. [PMID: 34202925 PMCID: PMC8268711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is the classical neurotransmitter in the cholinergic nervous system. However, ACh is now known to regulate various immune cell functions. In fact, T cells, B cells, and macrophages all express components of the cholinergic system, including ACh, muscarinic, and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs), choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholinesterase, and choline transporters. In this review, we will discuss the actions of ACh in the immune system. We will first briefly describe the mechanisms by which ACh is stored in and released from immune cells. We will then address Ca2+ signaling pathways activated via mAChRs and nAChRs on T cells and B cells, highlighting the importance of ACh for the function of T cells, B cells, and macrophages, as well as its impact on innate and acquired (cellular and humoral) immunity. Lastly, we will discuss the effects of two peptide ligands, secreted lymphocyte antigen-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related peptide-1 (SLURP-1) and hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), on cholinergic activity in T cells. Overall, we stress the fact that ACh does not function only as a neurotransmitter; it impacts immunity by exerting diverse effects on immune cells via mAChRs and nAChRs.
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Biochemical Basis of Skin Disease Mal de Meleda: SLURP-1 Mutants Differently Affect Keratinocyte Proliferation and Apoptosis. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:2229-2237. [PMID: 33741389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mal de Meleda is an autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma associated with mutations in a gene encoding SLURP-1. SLURP-1 controls growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of keratinocytes by interaction with α7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. SLURP-1 has a three-finger structure with a β-structural core (head) and three prolonged loops (fingers). To determine the role of SLURP-1 mutations, we produced 22 mutant variants of the protein, including those involved in Mal de Meleda pathogenesis. All mutants except R71H, R71P, T52A, R96P, and L98P were produced in the folded form. SLURP-1 reduces the growth of Het-1A keratinocytes; thus, we studied the influence of the mutations on its antiproliferative activity. Mutations in loops I and III led to the protein inactivation, whereas most mutations in loop II increased SLURP-1 antiproliferative activity. Alanine substitutions of R96 and L98 residues located in the protein head resulted in the appearance of additional pro-apoptotic activity. Our results agree with the diversity of Mal de Meleda phenotypes. Using obtained functional data, the SLURP-1/α7 type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor complex was modeled in silico. Our study provides functional and structural information about the role of the SLURP-1 mutations in Mal de Meleda pathogenesis and predicts SLURP-1 variants, which could drive the disease.
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Modulation of cholinergic activity through lynx prototoxins: Implications for cognition and anxiety regulation. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108071. [PMID: 32298703 PMCID: PMC7785133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kudo M, Ishiura N, Tamura-Nakano M, Shimizu T, Kamata M, Akasaka E, Nakano H, Okuma Y, Tada Y, Okochi H, Tamaki T. Abnormal keratinization and cutaneous inflammation in Mal de Meleda. J Dermatol 2020; 47:554-558. [PMID: 32157724 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a rare, autosomal recessive form of palmoplantar keratoderma due to mutations in the gene, encoding for secreted lymphocyte antigen 6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor related protein 1 (SLURP1). We report a four-year-old Taiwanese MDM female case whose biopsy specimen of hyperkeratotic lesions showed abnormal keratinization and cutaneous inflammation with characteristic transmission electron microscopic (TEM) findings and immunostaining results. The patient presented with pruritic and severely hyperkeratotic plaques on the bilateral palms and soles whichwere fringed with erythematous scaly areas. A homozygous c.256 G>A mutation, predicting a conversion of p.Gly86Arg, in SLURP1gene was detected. Histopathological examinations showed marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and hypergranulosis in the epidermis, accompanied by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates in the dermis. The whole layers of the epidermis and perivascular infiltrates of the dermis were stained positive with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) antibody in the biopsy specimen from the sole and the ankle. TEM examination of the biopsy specimen from the plantar hyperkeratotic plaque showed various-sized vacuoles surrounding nuclei of many keratinocytes in the spinous layer. In addition, there were numerous irregular keratohyaline granules in the granular layer. Several microorganisms and many lipid-like droplets were found in the thickened cornified layer. SLURP1 protein is known as a marker of late differentiation, predominantly expressed in the granular layer, and also known to have an inhibitory effect on TNFα release. Our results exhibited excessive TNFα expression in keratinocytes and perivascular infiltrates of the dermis, and several characteristic morphological observations of keratinocytes in MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kudo
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuko Ishiura
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Tokyo Shinjuku Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kamata
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eijiro Akasaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Nakano
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Okuma
- Department of Pediatrics, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tada
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tamaki
- Department of Dermatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Assaf M, Salah E. Lesional upregulation of SLURP1 immunostaining parallels disease severity in psoriasis vulgaris patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 16:1329-1337. [PMID: 30395407 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The exact pathogenesis of psoriasis is still unclear. SLURP1 is vital for the normal differentiation of keratinocytes, and could therefore be involved in psoriasis. In this study we investigated the immunohistochemical staining reaction of SLURP1 in psoriasis vulgaris patients and its possible relation to disease pathogenesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris, 20 patients with psoriasiform dermatitis and 20 normal skin samples were studied. Psoriasis severity was measured with a combination of PASI and DLQI scores. Lesional and non-lesional sites were biopsied for each psoriasis patient. A single biopsy sample was taken for cases with psoriasiform dermatitis and for controls. All sections were immunostained for SLURP1 according to the manufacturer's protocol. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in SLURP1 immunostaining between lesional and non-lesional biopsies of psoriasis patients and between lesional biopsies of psoriasis patients and lesional sites of psoriasiform dermatitis. However, the differences between non-lesional biopsies of psoriasis patients and normal controls were not significant. Furthermore, the grading of SLURP1 immunostaining paralleled the degree of psoriasis severity. CONCLUSIONS SLURP1 immunostaining is significantly increased in lesional skin of psoriasis vulgaris and not in psoriasiform dermatitis, which demonstrates the role of SLURP1 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. SLURP1 could be used as a biological marker for psoriasis severity, and this hypothesis warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Assaf
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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The secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) stabilizes epithelial cell junctions and suppresses TNF-α-induced cytokine production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:729-734. [PMID: 31387745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The secreted Ly-6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) is an anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory peptide highly expressed by the mucosal epithelial cells. SLURP1 is abundantly expressed by the corneal epithelial cells and is significantly downregulated when these cells are transformed and adapted for culture in vitro. Here we studied the effect of overexpressing SLURP1 in Human Corneal Limbal Epithelial (HCLE) cells cultured in vitro. The expression of DSP1, DSG1, TJP1 and E-Cadherin was significantly upregulated in two different SLURP1-overexpressing HCLE cell (HCLE-SLURP1) clones. HCLE-SLURP1 cells also displayed a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced upregulation of (i) IL-8 from 7.4- to 2.9- and 2.1-fold, (ii) IL-1β from 4.9- to 3.9- and 2.9-fold, (iii) CXCL1 from 9- to 3.3- and 5.5-fold, and (iv) CXCL2 from 4.8- to 2.1- and 2.8-fold. ELISAs revealed a concomitant decrease in IL-8 levels in cell culture supernatants from 789 pg/ml in the control, to 503 and 352 pg/ml in HCLE-SLURP1 cells. Consistently, cytosolic IκB expression was elevated in HCLE-SLURP1 cells with a concurrent suppression of TNF-α-activated nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Collectively, these results elucidate the beneficial effects of SLURP1 in stabilizing the HCLE intercellular junctions and suppressing the TNF-α-induced upregulation of inflammatory cytokines by suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Leth JM, Leth-Espensen KZ, Kristensen KK, Kumari A, Lund Winther AM, Young SG, Ploug M. Evolution and Medical Significance of LU Domain-Containing Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112760. [PMID: 31195646 PMCID: PMC6600238 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins containing Ly6/uPAR (LU) domains exhibit very diverse biological functions and have broad taxonomic distributions in eukaryotes. In general, they adopt a characteristic three-fingered folding topology with three long loops projecting from a disulfide-rich globular core. The majority of the members of this protein domain family contain only a single LU domain, which can be secreted, glycolipid anchored, or constitute the extracellular ligand binding domain of type-I membrane proteins. Nonetheless, a few proteins contain multiple LU domains, for example, the urokinase receptor uPAR, C4.4A, and Haldisin. In the current review, we will discuss evolutionary aspects of this protein domain family with special emphasis on variations in their consensus disulfide bond patterns. Furthermore, we will present selected cases where missense mutations in LU domain-containing proteins leads to dysfunctional proteins that are causally linked to genesis of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Maja Leth
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Katrine Zinck Leth-Espensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kristian Kølby Kristensen
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anni Kumari
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anne-Marie Lund Winther
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, Righospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Centre (BRIC), Ole Maaloes Vej 5, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Miwa JM, Anderson KR, Hoffman KM. Lynx Prototoxins: Roles of Endogenous Mammalian Neurotoxin-Like Proteins in Modulating Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Function to Influence Complex Biological Processes. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:343. [PMID: 31114495 PMCID: PMC6502960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cholinergic system modulates many biological functions, due to the widespread distribution of cholinergic neuronal terminals, and the diffuse release of its neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. Several layers of regulation help to refine and control the scope of this excitatory neurotransmitter system. One such regulatory mechanism is imparted through endogenous toxin-like proteins, prototoxins, which largely control the function of nicotinic receptors of the cholinergic system. Prototoxins and neurotoxins share the distinct three finger toxin fold, highly effective as a receptor binding protein, and the former are expressed in the mammalian brain, immune system, epithelium, etc. Prototoxins and elapid snake neurotoxins appear to be related through gene duplication and divergence from a common ancestral gene. Protein modulators can provide a graded response of the cholinergic system, and within the brain, stabilize neural circuitry through direct interaction with nicotinic receptors. Understanding the roles of each prototoxin (e.g., lynx1, lynx2/lypd1, PSCA, SLURP1, SLURP2, Lypd6, lypd6b, lypdg6e, PATE-M, PATE-B, etc.), their binding specificity and unique expression profile, has the potential to uncover many fascinating cholinergic-dependent mechanisms in the brain. Each family member can provide a spatially restricted level of control over nAChR function based on its expression in the brain. Due to the difficulty in the pharmacological targeting of nicotinic receptors in the brain as a result of widespread expression patterns and similarities in receptor sequences, unique interfaces between prototoxin and nicotinic receptor could provide more specific targeting than nicotinic receptors alone. As such, this family is intriguing from a long-term therapeutic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Miwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Kristin R Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Katie M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
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14
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Upadhyay G. Emerging Role of Lymphocyte Antigen-6 Family of Genes in Cancer and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31068932 PMCID: PMC6491625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem Cell Antigen-1 (Sca-1/Ly6A) was the first identified member of the Lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6) gene family. Sca-1 serves as a marker of cancer stem cells and tissue resident stem cells in mice. The Sca-1 gene is located on mouse chromosome 15. While a direct homolog of Sca-1 in humans is missing, human chromosome 8—the syntenic region to mouse chromosome 15—harbors several genes containing the characteristic domain known as LU domain. The function of the LU domain in human LY6 gene family is not yet defined. The LY6 gene family proteins are present on human chromosome 6, 8, 11, and 19. The most interesting of these genes are located on chromosome 8q24.3, a frequently amplified locus in human cancer. Human LY6 genes represent novel biomarkers for poor cancer prognosis and are required for cancer progression in addition to playing an important role in immune escape. Although the mechanism associated with these phenotype is not yet clear, it is timely to review the current literature in order to address the critical need for future advancements in this field. This review will summarize recent findings which describe the role of human LY6 genes—LY6D, LY6E, LY6H, LY6K, PSCA, LYPD2, SLURP1, GML, GPIHBP1, and LYNX1; and their orthologs in mice at chromosome 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Upadhyay
- Department of Pathology, John P. Murtha Cancer Center, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Swamynathan S, Tiwari A, Loughner CL, Gnalian J, Alexander N, Jhanji V, Swamynathan SK. The secreted Ly6/uPAR-related protein-1 suppresses neutrophil binding, chemotaxis, and transmigration through human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5898. [PMID: 30976100 PMCID: PMC6459912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted Ly-6/uPAR Related Protein-1 (SLURP1) is an immunomodulatory protein that promotes corneal immune- and angiogenic-privilege. Here, we have examined the influence of SLURP1 on neutrophil-vascular endothelial cell interactions using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and differentiated neutrophil-like HL-60 (dHL-60) cells, or primary human neutrophils. SLURP1 blocked the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-activated dHL-60 cells (i) binding to TNF-α-activated HUVEC with a concurrent reduction in endothelial cell adhesion molecule E-selectin, (ii) transmigration through TNF-α-activated confluent HUVEC monolayer by stabilizing VE-cadherin and β-catenin on endothelial cell cytoplasmic membranes, (iii) chemotaxis towards chemoattractant formyl Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) coupled with their decreased polarization, and (iv) TNF-α-stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) expression and activity. SLURP1 also suppressed the primary human neutrophil chemotaxis, and interaction with HUVEC. Furthermore, SLURP1 suppressed fMLP-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-B (AKT) in dHL-60 cells. Collectively, these results provide evidence that SLURP1 suppresses neutrophil (i) docking on HUVEC cells by decreasing endothelial cell adhesion molecule E-Selectin production, (ii) transmigration through HUVEC monolayer by stabilizing endothelial cell membrane localization of VE-cadherin and β-catenin complex and promoting their barrier function, and (iii) chemotaxis by modulating their polarization and TNF-α-stimulated MMP9 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greensburg, PA, USA
| | - John Gnalian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nicholas Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA. .,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
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16
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Zhao A, Jiang F, Yang G, Liu H, Li L. Sfrp5 interacts with Slurp1 to regulate the accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocyte steatosis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:256-262. [PMID: 30879770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5), an anti-inflammatory adipocytokine secreted by adipocytes, plays an important role in energy metabolism. Studies have shown that Sfrp5 plays a salutary role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, but its specific mechanism needs further study. In this study, we showed a lower level of Sfrp5 in subjects with diet-induced obesity than in normal-diet C57BL/6J mice. To further investigate Sfrp5-associated proteins in HepG2 cells, the immunoprecipitation assay and silver staining assay were performed. By mass spectrometry analysis, secreted lymphocyte antigen-6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor-related peptide (Slurp-1) was found to interact with Sfrp5. Further verification was obtained through the positive and reverse immunoprecipitation assay. In this study, we found that the sole over-expression of Slurp1 promoted the expression of Sfrp5 in palmitate-induced HepG2 cells. In addition, our experimental evidence shows that the role of Slurp1 in decreasing TG level was greatly reduced in the case of suppression of expression of Sfrp5 in palmitate-induced model cells. Our study further found that Slurp1 regulates the synthesis pathway of triglyceride by interacting with Sfrp5 to alleviate triglyceride accumulation in palmitate-induced model cells. In summary, we are the first to discover the interaction between Sfrp5 and Slurp1, and we found that Slurp1 may regulate the accumulation of TG through Sfrp5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Feiyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine (Ministry of Education) and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
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Assaf M, Salah E. Hochregulation der SLURP1-Immunfärbung in Läsionen von Psoriasis-vulgaris-Patienten entspricht dem Schweregrad der Erkrankung. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2018; 16:1329-1338. [PMID: 30395397 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13682_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HINTERGRUND UND ZIELE Die genaue Pathogenese der Psoriasis ist immer noch ungeklärt. Da SLURP1 wichtig ist für die normale Differenzierung von Keratinozyten, könnte es bei Psoriasis eine Rolle spielen. In dieser Studie untersuchten wir die immunhistochemische Färbung von SLURP1 bei Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris und deren möglichen Zusammenhang mit der Pathogenese der Erkrankung. PATIENTEN UND METHODEN Es wurden Hautproben von 20 Patienten mit Psoriasis vulgaris, von 20 Patienten mit psoriasiformer Dermatitis sowie 20 normale Hautproben untersucht. Der Schweregrad der Psoriasis wurde anhand einer Kombination von PASI- und DLQI-Scores gemessen. Bei allen Psoriasis-Patienten wurden Biopsate aus läsionalen und aus nichtläsionalen Hautpartien entnommen. Bei psoriasiformer Dermatitis und Kontrollen wurde jeweils nur ein Hautbiopsat entnommen. Alle Schnitte wurden, entsprechend des Hersteller-Protokolls, einer SLURP1-Immunfärbung unterzogen. ERGEBNISSE Hinsichtlich der SLURP1-Immunfärbung wurden zwischen läsionalen und nichtläsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis-Patienten sowie zwischen läsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis-Patienten und Patienten mit psoriasiformer Dermatitis signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt. Die Unterschiede zwischen nichtläsionalen Biopsaten von Psoriasis-Patienten und normalen Hautproben waren jedoch nicht signifikant. Darüber hinaus war der Grad der SLURP1-Immunanfärbung proportional zum Schweregrad der Psoriasis. SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN Bei Psoriasis vulgaris ist die SLURP1-Immunfärbung in läsionaler Haut signifikant erhöht, nicht jedoch bei psoriasiformer Dermatitis. Dies spricht für eine Rolle von SLURP1 bei der Pathogenese der Psoriasis. SLURP1 lässt sich möglicherweise als biologischer Marker für den Schweregrad der Psoriasis einsetzen, wobei diese Hypothese noch weiterer Untersuchungen bedarf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Assaf
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Eman Salah
- Dermatology, Venereology & Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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18
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Agopiantz M, Xandre-Rodriguez L, Jin B, Urbistondoy G, Ialy-Radio C, Chalbi M, Wolf JP, Ziyyat A, Lefèvre B. Growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1), two mouse oocyte glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, are involved in fertilisation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:824-837. [PMID: 28442042 DOI: 10.1071/rd15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, Juno, the oocyte receptor for Izumo1, a male immunoglobulin, was discovered. Juno is an essential glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GIP)-anchored protein. This result did not exclude the participation of other GIP-anchored proteins in this process. After bibliographic and database searches we selected five GIP-anchored proteins (Cpm, Ephrin-A4, Gas1, Gfra1 and Rgmb) as potential oocyte candidates participating in fertilisation. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed that only three were present on the mouse ovulated oocyte membrane and, of these, only two were clearly involved in the fertilisation process, namely growth arrest specific 1 (Gas1) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor receptor α1 (Gfrα1). This was demonstrated by evaluating oocyte fertilisability after treatment of oocytes with antibodies against the selected proteins, with their respective short interference RNA or both. Gfrα1 and Gas1 seem to be neither redundant nor synergistic. In conclusion, oocyte Gas1 and Gfrα1 are both clearly involved in fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Agopiantz
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - L Xandre-Rodriguez
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Jin
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - G Urbistondoy
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - C Ialy-Radio
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - M Chalbi
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - J-P Wolf
- Service d'Histologie Embryologie Biologie de la Reproduction - CECOS, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, F75014 Paris, France
| | - A Ziyyat
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - B Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
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Allan CM, Heizer PJ, Jung CJ, Tu Y, Tran D, Young LC, Fong LG, de Jong PJ, Beigneux AP, Young SG. Palmoplantar keratoderma in Slurp1/Slurp2 double-knockout mice. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:85-87. [PMID: 29017797 PMCID: PMC6108176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Cris J Jung
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, United States
| | - Yiping Tu
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Deanna Tran
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Lorraine C Young
- From the Divisions of Dermatology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Loren G Fong
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Pieter J de Jong
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, United States
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Stephen G Young
- From the Divisions of Cardiology in the Department of Medicine , David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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20
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Expression of C4.4A in an In Vitro Human Tissue-Engineered Skin Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2403072. [PMID: 29075641 PMCID: PMC5610857 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2403072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A multi-LU-domain-containing protein denoted C4.4A exhibits a tightly regulated membrane-associated expression in the suprabasal layers of stratified squamous epithelia such as skin and the esophagus, and the expression of C4.4A is dysregulated in various pathological conditions. However, the biological function of C4.4A remains unknown. To enable further studies, we evaluated the expression of C4.4A in monolayer cultures of normal human keratinocytes and in tissue-engineered skin substitutes (TESs) produced by the self-assembly approach, which allow the formation of a fully differentiated epidermis tissue. Results showed that, in monolayer, C4.4A was highly expressed in the centre of keratinocyte colonies at cell-cell contacts areas, while some cells located at the periphery presented little C4.4A expression. In TES, emergence of C4.4A expression coincided with the formation of the stratum spinosum. After the creation of a wound within the TES, C4.4A expression was observed in the suprabasal keratinocytes of the migrating epithelium, with the exception of the foremost leading keratinocytes, which were negative for C4.4A. Our results are consistent with previous data in mouse embryogenesis and wound healing. Based on these findings, we conclude that this human TES model provides an excellent surrogate for studies of C4.4A and Haldisin expressions in human stratified epithelia.
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21
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Swamynathan S, Loughner CL, Swamynathan SK. Inhibition of HUVEC tube formation via suppression of NFκB suggests an anti-angiogenic role for SLURP1 in the transparent cornea. Exp Eye Res 2017; 164:118-128. [PMID: 28803936 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have reported that the Secreted Ly6/uPAR related protein-1 (SLURP1) serves an important immunomodulatory function in the ocular surface. Here, we examine the involvement of SLURP1 in regulating corneal angiogenic privilege. Slurp1 expression detected by QPCR, immunoblots and immunofluorescent stain, was significantly decreased in mouse corneas subjected to alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). Addition of exogenous SLURP1 (6XHis-tagged, E. coli expressed and partially purified using Ni-ion columns) significantly suppressed the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated human umbilical cord vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) tube formation. SLURP1 suppressed the HUVEC tube length, tube area and number of branch points, without affecting their viability and/or proliferation. Exogenous SLURP1 in HUVEC also suppressed the TNF-α-induced (i) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and TNF-α production, (ii) adhesion to different components of the extracellular matrix, (iii) migration, and (iv) nuclear localization of NFκB. Together, these results demonstrate that SLURP1 suppresses HUVEC tube formation by blocking nuclear translocation of NFκB, and suggest a potential role for SLURP1 in promoting corneal angiogenic privilege.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Chelsea L Loughner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA; McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, USA; Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.
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22
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Allan CM, Tran D, Tu Y, Heizer PJ, Young LC, Fong LG, Beigneux AP, Young SG. A hypomorphic Egfr allele does not ameliorate the palmoplantar keratoderma caused by SLURP1 deficiency. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1134-1136. [PMID: 28418591 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SLURP1, a secreted protein of keratinocytes, cause a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) known as mal de Meleda. Slurp1 deficiency in mice faithfully recapitulates the human disease, with increased keratinocyte proliferation and thickening of the epidermis on the volar surface of the paws. There has long been speculation that SLURP1 serves as a ligand for a receptor that regulates keratinocyte growth and differentiation. We were intrigued that mutations leading to increased signalling through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cause PPK. Here, we sought to determine whether reducing EGFR signalling would ameliorate the PPK associated with SLURP1 deficiency. To address this issue, we bred Slurp1-deficient mice that were homozygous for a hypomorphic Egfr allele. The hypomorphic Egfr allele, which leads to reduced EGFR signalling in keratinocytes, did not ameliorate the PPK elicited by SLURP1 deficiency, suggesting that SLURP1 deficiency causes PPK independently (or downstream) from the EGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Deanna Tran
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yiping Tu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick J Heizer
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lorraine C Young
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Shah K, Nasir A, Irfanullah, Shahzad S, Khan S, Ahmad W. A novel homozygous mutation disrupting the initiation codon in the SLURP1 gene underlies mal de Meleda in a consanguineous family. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:675-679. [PMID: 29226984 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mal de Meleda (MDM) is a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and keratotic skin lesions. Patients with MDM can develop perioral erythema, keratotic and lichenoid plaques over the joints (including the elbows and knees), nail abnormalities, joint contractures and stiffness, brachydactyly, sclerodactyly, pseudoainhum, and malodorous maceration. MDM is associated with mutations in the SLURP1 gene. We report a consanguineous family in which MDM was inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Genotyping using microsatellite markers established linkage in the family to the SLURP1 gene, which has been mapped previously to chromosome 8q24.3. Sequence analysis revealed a homozygous missense mutation (c.2T>C, p.Met1Thr) in affected family members. Molecular docking studies using a ZDOCK server predicted disruption of binding of the mutant variant to its target α7-nAChR. This study further supports the previously reported findings that homozygous mutations in the SLURP1 gene cause MDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfanullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Shahzad
- Department of Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - W Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University (QAU), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wang M, Li L, Guo Q, Zhang S, Ji D, Li H. Identification and expression of a new Ly6 gene cluster in zebrafish Danio rerio, with implications of being involved in embryonic immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 54:230-240. [PMID: 27071517 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6) superfamily is a large family of proteins and characterized by precisely spaced cysteine motifs, termed the three-finger fold. To date, a large number of members of the Ly6/uPAR family were identified among many species. In this study, we first report the identification and characterization of the secreted Ly2.1-3 proteins on the chromosome 2 in zebrafish and determine the expression pattern. Ly2.1-3 all possess a conserved LU domain and adopt similar three-finger structure with human CD59, SLURP1 and other Ly6 family members. Ly2.1-3 cluster on chromosome 2 and share high homology, possibly originated from chromosomal gene duplication. Ly2.1-3 exhibit distinct expression pattern in the endoderm, they were found abundantly and specifically in the digestive tract, liver and pancreas respectively. The differential expression pattern may suggest Ly2.1-3 acquire new function during gene duplication. The expression level of Ly2.1-3 were up-regulating challenged with LPS indicated that they have a role in innate immune responses of the digestive system during endotoxin challenge in early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingyi Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Quanyang Guo
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shicui Zhang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongrui Ji
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Evolution & Development, Department of Marine Biology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Kriegbaum MC, Jacobsen B, Füchtbauer A, Hansen GH, Christensen IJ, Rundsten CF, Persson M, Engelholm LH, Madsen AN, Di Meo I, Lund IK, Holst B, Kjaer A, Lærum OD, Füchtbauer EM, Ploug M. C4.4A gene ablation is compatible with normal epidermal development and causes modest overt phenotypes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25833. [PMID: 27169360 PMCID: PMC4864438 DOI: 10.1038/srep25833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
C4.4A is a modular glycolipid-anchored Ly6/uPAR/α-neurotoxin multidomain protein that exhibits a prominent membrane-associated expression in stratified squamous epithelia. C4.4A is also expressed in various solid cancer lesions, where high expression levels often are correlated to poor prognosis. Circumstantial evidence suggests a role for C4.4A in cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, but a well-defined biological function is currently unknown. In the present study, we have generated and characterized the first C4.4A-deficient mouse line to gain insight into the functional significance of C4.4A in normal physiology and cancer progression. The unchallenged C4.4A-deficient mice were viable, fertile, born in a normal Mendelian distribution and, surprisingly, displayed normal development of squamous epithelia. The C4.4A-deficient mice were, nonetheless, significantly lighter than littermate controls predominantly due to differences in fat mass. Congenital C4.4A deficiency delayed migration of keratinocytes enclosing incisional skin wounds in male mice. In chemically induced bladder carcinomas, C4.4A deficiency attenuated the incidence of invasive lesions despite having no effect on total tumour burden. This new C4.4A-deficient mouse line provides a useful platform for future studies on functional aspects of C4.4A in tumour cell invasion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Camilla Kriegbaum
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikte Jacobsen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Füchtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gert Helge Hansen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ib Jarle Christensen
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Friis Rundsten
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Persson
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Henning Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ivano Di Meo
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy
| | - Ida Katrine Lund
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Deparment of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine &PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Didrik Lærum
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, The Gade Laboratory of Pathology, University of Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Michael Ploug
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Organization, evolution and functions of the human and mouse Ly6/uPAR family genes. Hum Genomics 2016; 10:10. [PMID: 27098205 PMCID: PMC4839075 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-016-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the lymphocyte antigen-6 (Ly6)/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) superfamily of proteins are cysteine-rich proteins characterized by a distinct disulfide bridge pattern that creates the three-finger Ly6/uPAR (LU) domain. Although the Ly6/uPAR family proteins share a common structure, their expression patterns and functions vary. To date, 35 human and 61 mouse Ly6/uPAR family members have been identified. Based on their subcellular localization, these proteins are further classified as GPI-anchored on the cell membrane, or secreted. The genes encoding Ly6/uPAR family proteins are conserved across different species and are clustered in syntenic regions on human chromosomes 8, 19, 6 and 11, and mouse Chromosomes 15, 7, 17, and 9, respectively. Here, we review the human and mouse Ly6/uPAR family gene and protein structure and genomic organization, expression, functions, and evolution, and introduce new names for novel family members.
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Abstract
Mal de Meleda is a rare autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) disease with an estimated prevalence of 1:100,000. Clinically, the onset of the disease is typically soon after birth and features a transgrediens (plantar surface progressing to dorsal surface) and progrediens (worsening with age) pattern of hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles. The disease can feature other potentially disfiguring effects on the hands and feet that can severely impact function. Histologically, the lesions show hyperkeratosis and acanthosis without epidermolysis in the epidermis, accompanied by perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate in the dermis. Secreted LY6/urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR)-related protein-1 (SLURP-1) genetic mutations are implicated in Mal de Meleda. SLURP-1 is involved in mediation of inflammation as well as keratinocyte apoptosis regulation. Because the disease is so rare, there are no set guidelines for management, but the accepted approach tends to include oral acitretin plus topical keratolytic therapy. Genetic counseling should also be offered. This focused review highlights the clinical and histological features, differential diagnoses, genetic background, and the current thoughts on management of Mal de Meleda.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Poly Place, Brooklyn, NY, 11209, USA.
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Allan CM, Procaccia S, Tran D, Tu Y, Barnes RH, Larsson M, Allan BB, Young LC, Hong C, Tontonoz P, Fong LG, Young SG, Beigneux AP. Palmoplantar Keratoderma in Slurp2-Deficient Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 136:436-443. [PMID: 26967477 PMCID: PMC4789766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SLURP1, a member of the Ly6 protein family, is secreted by suprabasal keratinocytes. Mutations in SLURP1 cause a palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) known as mal de Meleda. Another secreted Ly6 protein, SLURP2, is encoded by a gene located ~20 kb downstream from SLURP1. SLURP2 is produced by suprabasal keratinocytes. To investigate the importance of SLURP2, we first examined Slurp2 knockout mice in which exon 2–3 sequences had been replaced with lacZ and neo cassettes. Slurp2−/− mice exhibited hyperkeratosis on the volar surface of the paws (i.e., PPK), increased keratinocyte proliferation, and an accumulation of lipid droplets in the stratum corneum. They also exhibited reduced body weight and hind limb clasping. These phenotypes are very similar to those of Slurp1−/− mice. To solidify a link between Slurp2 deficiency and PPK and to be confident that the disease phenotypes in Slurp2−/− mice were not secondary to the effects of the lacZ and neo cassettes on Slurp1 expression, we created a new line of Slurp2 knockout mice (Slurp2X−/−) in which Slurp2 was inactivated with a simple nonsense mutation. Slurp2X−/− mice exhibited the same disease phenotypes. Thus, Slurp2 deficiency and Slurp1 deficiencies cause the same disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Allan
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiri Procaccia
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deanna Tran
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiping Tu
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard H Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mikael Larsson
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bernard B Allan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lorraine C Young
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cynthia Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Moriwaki Y, Takada K, Nagasaki T, Kubo N, Ishii T, Kose K, Kageyama T, Tsuji S, Kawashima K, Misawa H. IL-22/STAT3-Induced Increases in SLURP1 Expression within Psoriatic Lesions Exerts Antimicrobial Effects against Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140750. [PMID: 26474319 PMCID: PMC4608685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SLURP1 is the causal gene for Mal de Meleda (MDM), an autosomal recessive skin disorder characterized by diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma and transgressive keratosis. Moreover, although SLURP1 likely serves as an important proliferation/differentiation factor in keratinocytes, the possible relation between SLURP1 and other skin diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, has not been studied, and the pathophysiological control of SLURP1 expression in keratinocytes is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to examine the involvement of SLURP1 in the pathophysiology of psoriasis using an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis model mice and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). RESULTS SLURP1 expression was up-regulated in the skin of IMQ-induced psoriasis model mice. In NHEKs stimulated with the inflammatory cytokines IL-17, IL-22 and TNF-α, which are reportedly expressed in psoriatic lesions, SLURP1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by IL-22 but not the other two cytokines. The stimulatory effect of IL-22 was completely suppressed in NHEKs treated with a STAT3 inhibitor or transfected with siRNA targeting STAT3. Because IL-22 induces production of antimicrobial proteins in epithelial cells, the antibacterial activity of SLURP1 was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is known to be associated with disease severity in psoriasis. SLURP1 significantly suppressed the growth of S. aureus. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate SLURP1 participates in pathophysiology of psoriasis by regulating keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and by suppressing the growth of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Moriwaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Takada
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Toshinori Nagasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kubo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Kose
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
| | - Taihei Kageyama
- Molecular Diagnostics Project, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoutaro Tsuji
- Molecular Diagnostics Project, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Misawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105–8512, Japan
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Lipid droplets and associated proteins in the skin: basic research and clinical perspectives. Arch Dermatol Res 2015; 308:1-6. [PMID: 26437897 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-015-1599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), the major organelles handling fat storage, comprise a hydrophobic neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer embedded with a protein miscellany. Although lipids of the stratum corneum are essential for the skin barrier, and progressive lipid accumulation culminating in cell disruption is the hallmark of sebaceous differentiation, only a few studies touched on skin LD and associated proteins so far. Here, after briefly introducing the basic facts about LD and associated proteins, we discuss how forthcoming studies may unveil novel players in skin lipid metabolism and candidate target proteins for treating skin diseases.
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Adeyo O, Oberer M, Ploug M, Fong LG, Young SG, Beigneux AP. Heterogeneity in the properties of mutant secreted lymphocyte antigen 6/urokinase receptor-related protein 1 (SLURP1) in Mal de Meleda. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:1066-9. [PMID: 25919322 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- O Adeyo
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, U.S.A
| | - M Oberer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50/3, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - M Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L G Fong
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, U.S.A
| | - S G Young
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, U.S.A.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, U.S.A
| | - A P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, U.S.A
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Beigneux AP, Fong LG, Bensadoun A, Davies BSJ, Oberer M, Gårdsvoll H, Ploug M, Young SG. GPIHBP1 missense mutations often cause multimerization of GPIHBP1 and thereby prevent lipoprotein lipase binding. Circ Res 2014; 116:624-32. [PMID: 25387803 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.305085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE GPIHBP1, a GPI-anchored protein of capillary endothelial cells, binds lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the subendothelial spaces and shuttles it to the capillary lumen. GPIHBP1 missense mutations that interfere with LPL binding cause familial chylomicronemia. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand mechanisms by which GPIHBP1 mutations prevent LPL binding and lead to chylomicronemia. METHODS AND RESULTS We expressed mutant forms of GPIHBP1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells, rat and human endothelial cells, and Drosophila S2 cells. In each expression system, mutation of cysteines in GPIHBP1's Ly6 domain (including mutants identified in patients with chylomicronemia) led to the formation of disulfide-linked dimers and multimers. GPIHBP1 dimerization/multimerization was not unique to cysteine mutations; mutations in other amino acid residues, including several associated with chylomicronemia, also led to protein dimerization/multimerization. The loss of GPIHBP1 monomers is relevant to the pathogenesis of chylomicronemia because only GPIHBP1 monomers-and not dimers or multimers-are capable of binding LPL. One GPIHBP1 mutant, GPIHBP1-W109S, had distinctive properties. GPIHBP1-W109S lacked the ability to bind LPL but had a reduced propensity for forming dimers or multimers, suggesting that W109 might play a more direct role in binding LPL. In support of that idea, replacing W109 with any of 8 other amino acids abolished LPL binding-and often did so without promoting the formation of dimers and multimers. CONCLUSIONS Many amino acid substitutions in GPIHBP1's Ly6 domain that abolish LPL binding lead to protein dimerization/multimerization. Dimerization/multimerization is relevant to disease pathogenesis, given that only GPIHBP1 monomers are capable of binding LPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne P Beigneux
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles.
| | - Loren G Fong
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - André Bensadoun
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Brandon S J Davies
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Monika Oberer
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Henrik Gårdsvoll
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Michael Ploug
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
| | - Stephen G Young
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles (A.P.B., L.G.F., S.G.Y.); Division of Nutritional Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (A.B.); Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (B.S.J.D.); Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria (M.O.); Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (H.G., M.P.); and Molecular Biology Institute (S.G.Y.), Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine (S.G.Y.), University of California at Los Angeles
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An absence of nuclear lamins in keratinocytes leads to ichthyosis, defective epidermal barrier function, and intrusion of nuclear membranes and endoplasmic reticulum into the nuclear chromatin. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:4534-44. [PMID: 25312645 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00997-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
B-type lamins (lamins B1 and B2) have been considered to be essential for many crucial functions in the cell nucleus (e.g., DNA replication and mitotic spindle formation). However, this view has been challenged by the observation that an absence of both B-type lamins in keratinocytes had no effect on cell proliferation or the development of skin and hair. The latter findings raised the possibility that the functions of B-type lamins are subserved by lamins A and C. To explore that idea, we created mice lacking all nuclear lamins in keratinocytes. Those mice developed ichthyosis and a skin barrier defect, which led to death from dehydration within a few days after birth. Microscopy of nuclear-lamin-deficient skin revealed hyperkeratosis and a disordered stratum corneum with an accumulation of neutral lipid droplets; however, BrdU incorporation into keratinocytes was normal. Skin grafting experiments confirmed the stratum corneum abnormalities and normal BrdU uptake. Interestingly, the absence of nuclear lamins in keratinocytes resulted in an interspersion of nuclear/endoplasmic reticulum membranes with the chromatin. Thus, a key function of the nuclear lamina is to serve as a "fence" and prevent the incursion of cytoplasmic organelles into the nuclear chromatin.
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