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Quiroga J, Cortes B, Sarmiento J, Morán G, Henríquez C. Characterization of extracellular trap production and release by equine neutrophils in response to different stimuli. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 155:105151. [PMID: 38423491 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This study explores Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation in equine neutrophils, which is crucial for eliminating infections and is implicated in various equine inflammatory diseases. We investigated the molecular pathways involved in NET release by equine neutrophils in response to stimuli. We use PMA, A23187, LPS, PAF, OZ, and cytokines, observing NET release in response to PMA, PAF, and A23187. In contrast, LPS, OZ, and the cytokines tested did not induce DNA release or did not consistently induce citrullination of histone 4. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase inhibition completely halted NET release, while NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species only played a role in PMA-induced NETs. Neutrophil elastase inhibition modestly affected PAF-induced NET liberation but not in PMA or A23187-induced NET, while myeloperoxidase did not contribute to NET release. We expect to provide a foundation for future investigations into the role of NETs in equine health and disease and the search for potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiroga
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Bayron Cortes
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - José Sarmiento
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Gabriel Morán
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio Henríquez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile.
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2
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Shao BZ, Jiang JJ, Zhao YC, Zheng XR, Xi N, Zhao GR, Huang XW, Wang SL. Neutrophil extracellular traps in central nervous system (CNS) diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16465. [PMID: 38188146 PMCID: PMC10771765 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive induction of inflammatory and immune responses is widely considered as one of vital factors contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Neutrophils are well-studied members of inflammatory and immune cell family, contributing to the innate and adaptive immunity. Neutrophil-released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the regulation of various kinds of diseases, including CNS diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the biological features of NETs will be introduced. In addition, the role of NETs in several popular and well-studied CNS diseases including cerebral stroke, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and neurological cancers will be described and discussed through the reviewing of previous related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Zong Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yi-Cheng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Ren Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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3
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Krémer V, Godon O, Bruhns P, Jönsson F, de Chaisemartin L. Isolation methods determine human neutrophil responses after stimulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1301183. [PMID: 38077317 PMCID: PMC10704165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying neutrophils is challenging due to their limited lifespan, inability to proliferate, and resistance to genetic manipulation. Neutrophils can sense various cues, making them susceptible to activation by blood collection techniques, storage conditions, RBC lysis, and the isolation procedure itself. Here we assessed the impact of the five most used methods for neutrophil isolation on neutrophil yield, purity, activation status and responsiveness. We monitored surface markers, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA release as a surrogate for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Our results show that neutrophils isolated by negative immunomagnetic selection and density gradient methods, without RBC lysis, resembled untouched neutrophils in whole blood. They were also less activated and more responsive to milder stimuli in functional assays compared to neutrophils obtained using density gradients requiring RBC lysis. Our study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate method for studying neutrophils, and underscores the need for standardizing isolation protocols to facilitate neutrophil subset characterization and inter-study comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Krémer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Ophélie Godon
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS), Paris, France
| | - Luc de Chaisemartin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris-Cité, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche (INSERM) Unité mixte de recherche (UMR)1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Paris, France
- Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- L'Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Bichat Hospital, Immunology Department, Paris, France
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4
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Hamad RS, Al-Kuraishy HM, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ahmed EA, Saad HM, Batiha GES. SARS-CoV-2 infection and dysregulation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:657-673. [PMID: 37796433 PMCID: PMC10746631 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) leading to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations due to the development of oxidative stress (OS) and hyperinflammation. The underlying cause for OS and hyperinflammation in COVID-19 may be related to the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a master regulator of antioxidative responses and cellular homeostasis. The Nrf2 pathway inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the development of cytokine storm and OS in COVID-19. Nrf2 activators can attenuate endothelial dysfunction (ED), renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation, immune thrombosis, and coagulopathy. Hence, this review aimed to reveal the potential role of the Nrf2 pathway and its activators in the management of COVID-19. As well, we tried to revise the mechanistic role of the Nrf2 pathway in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab S Hamad
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science, King Faisal University, 31982, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Central Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Medicine, Medical Faculty, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, P.O. Box 14132, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Eman A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh, 51744, Egypt.
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Di Lernia V, Peccerillo F, Ficarelli E. Therapeutic Management of a Case of Severe Psoriasis Coexistent with Bullous Pemphigoid in the Elderly. PSORIASIS (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 13:27-31. [PMID: 37635856 PMCID: PMC10460171 DOI: 10.2147/ptt.s417427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A standardised therapeutic approach to coexistent psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid is lacking, although psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid. Here, we report an elderly psoriatic patient who developed a refractory bullous pemphigoid and experienced clearance of both diseases following treatment with dymethylfumarate. Due to lymphopenia, this treatment was stopped and the patient was administered risankizumab without relapses. Dymethylfumarate may be able to inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes into the skin. Therefore, thanks to pleiotropic effects, dymethylfumarate could be an effective treatment in psoriatic patients who develop bullous pemphigoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Di Lernia
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesca Peccerillo
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Ficarelli
- Dermatology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Seiler DL, Kähler KH, Kleingarn M, Sadik CD, Bieber K, Köhl J, Ludwig RJ, Karsten CM. The complement receptor C5aR2 regulates neutrophil activation and function contributing to neutrophil-driven epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197709. [PMID: 37275893 PMCID: PMC10235453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The function of the second receptor for the complement cleavage product C5a, C5aR2, is poorly understood and often neglected in the immunological context. Using mice with a global deficiency of C5aR2, we have previously reported an important role of this receptor in the pathogenesis of the neutrophil-driven autoimmune disease epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Based on in vitro analyses, we hypothesized that the absence of C5aR2 specifically on neutrophils is the cause of the observed differences. Here, we report the generation of a new mouse line with a LysM-specific deficiency of C5aR2. Methods LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2 was achieved by crossing LysMcre mice with tdTomato-C5ar2fl/fl mice in which the tdTomato-C5ar2 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Passive EBA was induced by subcutaneous injection of rabbit anti-mouse collagen type VII IgG. The effects of targeted deletion of C5ar2 on C5a-induced effector functions of neutrophils were examined in in vitro assays. Results We confirm the successful deletion of C5aR2 at both the genetic and protein levels in neutrophils. The mice appeared healthy and the expression of C5aR1 in bone marrow and blood neutrophils was not negatively affected by LysM-specific deletion of C5aR2. Using the antibody transfer mouse model of EBA, we found that the absence of C5aR2 in LysM-positive cells resulted in an overall amelioration of disease progression, similar to what we had previously found in mice with global deficiency of C5aR2. Neutrophils lacking C5aR2 showed decreased activation after C5a stimulation and increased expression of the inhibitory Fcγ receptor FcγRIIb. Discussion Overall, with the data presented here, we confirm and extend our previous findings and show that C5aR2 in neutrophils regulates their activation and function in response to C5a by potentially affecting the expression of Fcγ receptors and CD11b. Thus, C5aR2 regulates the finely tuned interaction network between immune complexes, Fcγ receptors, CD11b, and C5aR1 that is important for neutrophil recruitment and sustained activation. This underscores the importance of C5aR2 in the pathogenesis of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja H. Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D. Sadik
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Ralf J. Ludwig
- Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin (CRIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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7
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Menezes dos Reis L, Berçot MR, Castelucci BG, Martins AJE, Castro G, Moraes-Vieira PM. Immunometabolic Signature during Respiratory Viral Infection: A Potential Target for Host-Directed Therapies. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020525. [PMID: 36851739 PMCID: PMC9965666 DOI: 10.3390/v15020525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA viruses are known to induce a wide variety of respiratory tract illnesses, from simple colds to the latest coronavirus pandemic, causing effects on public health and the economy worldwide. Influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (MPV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV) are some of the most notable RNA viruses. Despite efforts, due to the high mutation rate, there are still no effective and scalable treatments that accompany the rapid emergence of new diseases associated with respiratory RNA viruses. Host-directed therapies have been applied to combat RNA virus infections by interfering with host cell factors that enhance the ability of immune cells to respond against those pathogens. The reprogramming of immune cell metabolism has recently emerged as a central mechanism in orchestrated immunity against respiratory viruses. Therefore, understanding the metabolic signature of immune cells during virus infection may be a promising tool for developing host-directed therapies. In this review, we revisit recent findings on the immunometabolic modulation in response to infection and discuss how these metabolic pathways may be used as targets for new therapies to combat illnesses caused by respiratory RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Menezes dos Reis
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues Berçot
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Gazieri Castelucci
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Julia Estumano Martins
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Castro
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro M. Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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Reich K, Mrowietz U, Sorbe C, von Kiedrowski R, Diemert S, Schaeffer L, Kirsten N, Ben-Anaya N, Augustin M. Response to fumaric acid esters for plaque type psoriasis in real-world practice is largely independent of patient characteristics at baseline - a multivariable regression analysis from the German psoriasis registry PsoBest. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:3170-3177. [PMID: 35981144 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2115285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) are a well-established treatment option for long-term therapy of moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. This study examines effectiveness of FAEs for the treatment of plaque psoriasis in real-world practice at 12 months and if patient characteristics affect the odds of clinical response. METHODS A descriptive, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted in a cohort drawn from the German registry PsoBest. Baseline patient characteristics were assessed as potential treatment effect modifiers. RESULTS 444 patients (mean age 47.0 years, 39.0% female) were eligible for response analysis using nonresponder imputation at month 12. Of these, 39.6% achieved clinical response, i.e., Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) ≤3 or skin clearance. In logistic regression analysis (R2 = 0.114), only baseline PASI was a significant factor: patients with PASI <10 had a 4 times higher odds (p ≤ 0.001, OR 4.088), patients with PASI of 10-20 a twofold higher odds of response (p ≤ 0.044, OR 1.961) compared to those with PASI >20. Neither sex, age, body weight, disease duration, comorbidity nor pre-treatment had an impact on the odds of response (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FAEs showed a favorable response at 12 months, largely independent of patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Reich
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - U Mrowietz
- Psoriasis-Center Kiel, Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - C Sorbe
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - S Diemert
- Almirall Hermal GmbH, Reinbek, Germany
| | - L Schaeffer
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Kirsten
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Ben-Anaya
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Skin Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121888. [PMID: 34944704 PMCID: PMC8698493 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the primary innate immune cells, and serve as sentinels for invading pathogens. To this end, neutrophils exert their effector functions via phagocytosis, degranulation, reactive oxygen species generation, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release. Pathogens and pathogen-derived components trigger NET formation, leading to the clearance of pathogens. However, NET formation is also induced by non-related pathogen proteins, such as cytokines and immune complexes. In this regard, NET formation can be induced under both non-sterile and sterile conditions. NETs are enriched by components with potent cytotoxic and inflammatory properties, thereby occasionally damaging tissues and cells and dysregulating immune homeostasis. Research has uncovered the involvement of NETs in the pathogenesis of several connective tissue diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and ANCA-associated vasculitis. In dermatology, several skin diseases clinically develop local or systemic sterile pustules and abscesses. The involvement of neutrophils and subsequent NET formation has recently been elucidated in these skin diseases. Therefore, this review highlights the NETs in these neutrophil-associated diseases.
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10
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Multiple modes of action mediate the therapeutic effect of IVIg in experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1552-1564.e8. [PMID: 34793820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Substitution of IgG in antibody deficiency or application of high-dose intravenous IgG (IVIg) in patients with autoimmunity are well-established treatments. Data on the mode of action of IVIg are, however, controversial and may differ for distinct diseases. In this study, we investigated the impact and molecular mechanism of high-dose IgG treatment in murine autoantibody-induced skin inflammation, namely, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). EBA is caused by antibodies directed against type VII collagen (COL7) and is mediated by complement activation, release of reactive oxygen species, and proteases by myeloid cells. In murine experimental EBA the disease can be induced by injection of anti-COL7 IgG. Here, we substantiate that treatment with high-dose IgG improves clinical disease manifestation. Mechanistically, high-dose IgG reduced the amount of anti-COL7 in skin and sera, which is indicative for an FcRn-dependent mode-of-action. Furthermore, in a non-receptor-mediated fashion, high-dose IgG showed antioxidative properties by scavenging extracellular reactive oxygen species. High-dose IgG also impaired complement activation and served as substrate for proteases, both key events during EBA pathogenesis. Collectively, the non-receptor-mediated anti-inflammatory properties of high-dose IgG may explain the therapeutic benefit of IVIg treatment in skin autoimmunity.
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11
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Mol S, Hafkamp FMJ, Varela L, Simkhada N, Taanman-Kueter EW, Tas SW, Wauben MHM, Groot Kormelink T, de Jong EC. Efficient Neutrophil Activation Requires Two Simultaneous Activating Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810106. [PMID: 34576270 PMCID: PMC8467451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are abundantly present in the synovium and synovial fluid of patients suffering from arthritis. Neutrophils can be activated by a multitude of stimuli and the current dogma states that this is a two-step process, consisting of a priming step followed by an activation step. Considering that neutrophil activation occurs in an inflammatory environment, where multiple stimuli are present, we argue that a two-step process is highly unlikely. Here, we indeed demonstrate that neutrophils require simultaneous ligation of two different receptors for efficient activation. We isolated human peripheral blood neutrophils and cultured them with various combinations of stimuli (GM-CSF, fMLF, TNF, and LPS). Next, we evaluated essential neutrophil functions, including degranulation and ROS production using flow cytometry, mediator release using ELISA, NETosis by a live cell imaging method, phagocytosis by imaging flow cytometry, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release quantified by high-resolution flow cytometry. Exposure of neutrophils to any combination of stimuli, but not to single stimuli, resulted in significant degranulation, and mediator and EV release. Furthermore, ROS production increased substantially by dual stimulation, yet appeared to be more dependent on the type of stimulation than on dual stimulation. Phagocytosis was induced to its maximum capacity by a single stimulus, while NETosis was not induced by any of the used physiological stimuli. Our data indicate that neutrophil activation is tightly regulated and requires activation by two simultaneous stimuli, which is largely independent of the combination of stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Mol
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Florianne M. J. Hafkamp
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Laura Varela
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Neena Simkhada
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Esther W. Taanman-Kueter
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Sander W. Tas
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands; (L.V.); (M.H.M.W.)
| | - Tom Groot Kormelink
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
| | - Esther C. de Jong
- Department Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.M.); (F.M.J.H.); (N.S.); (E.W.T.-K.); (S.W.T.); (T.G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-2-0566-4963
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12
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Abstract
CoVID-19 is a multi-symptomatic disease which has made a global impact due to its ability to spread rapidly, and its relatively high mortality rate. Beyond the heroic efforts to develop vaccines, which we do not discuss herein, the response of scientists and clinicians to this complex problem has reflected the need to detect CoVID-19 rapidly, to diagnose patients likely to show adverse symptoms, and to treat severe and critical CoVID-19. Here we aim to encapsulate these varied and sometimes conflicting approaches and the resulting data in terms of chemistry and biology. In the process we highlight emerging concepts, and potential future applications that may arise out of this immense effort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yimon Aye
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)1015LausanneSwitzerland
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13
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Schilf P, Schmitz M, Derenda-Hell A, Thieme M, Bremer T, Vaeth M, Zillikens D, Sadik CD. Inhibition of Glucose Metabolism Abrogates the Effector Phase of Bullous Pemphigoid-Like Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:1646-1655.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Fetz AE, Bowlin GL. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Inflammation and Biomaterial Preconditioning for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:437-450. [PMID: 33736452 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates a tissue repair program, characterized by acute inflammation and recruitment of immune cells, dominated by neutrophils. Neutrophils prevent infection in the injured tissue through multiple effector functions, including the production of reactive oxygen species, the release of granules, the phagocytosis of invaders, and the extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). However, these canonical protective mechanisms can also have detrimental effects both in the context of infection and in response to sterile injuries. Of particular interest to biomaterials and tissue engineering is the release of NETs, which are extracellular structures composed of decondensed chromatin and various toxic nuclear and granular components. These structures and their dysregulated release can cause collateral tissue damage, uncontrolled inflammation, and fibrosis and prevent the neutrophil from exerting its prohealing functions. This review discusses our knowledge of NETs, including their composition and morphology, signaling pathways, inhibitors, and contribution to inflammatory pathologies, as well as their role in the resolution of inflammation. In addition, we summarize what is known about the release of NETs as a preconditioning event in the response to biomaterials and highlight future considerations to target the neutrophil response and enhance biomaterial-guided tissue repair and regeneration. Impact statement Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release is an active process programmed into the neutrophil's molecular machinery to prevent infection. However, the release of NETs on biomaterials appears to be a significant preconditioning event that influences the potential for tissue healing with largely detrimental consequences. Given their contribution to inflammatory pathologies, this review highlights the role of NETs in the response to biomaterials. Together, the studies discussed in this review suggest that biomaterials should be designed to regulate NET release to avoid maladaptive immune responses and improve the therapeutic potential of tissue-engineered biomaterials and their applications in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Fetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Yu J, Li Y, Li Z, Li H, Chen Y, Chen X, Su W, Liang D. Subconjunctival injections of dimethyl fumarate inhibit lymphangiogenesis and allograft rejection in the rat cornea. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107580. [PMID: 33823430 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corneal lymphangiogenesis induced by macrophages played a critical role in corneal allograft rejection (CGR). However, there are few Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs that target lymphangiogenesis. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) on corneal allograft survival in rats. Penetrating corneal transplantation was performed in rats. Subconjunctival injections of dimethyl fumarate (20 µg) were administered at the end of the operation and postoperative day 3 to day 11. The clinical signs of corneal allografts were evaluated. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), flow cytometry and western blot were performed respectively. The effects and mechanism of DMF on RAW264.7 cells were determined by qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot in vitro. The results showed that subconjunctival injections of DMF could significantly inhibit corneal lymphangiogenesis and CGR with decreased corneal macrophage infiltration compared with the vehicle group. Moreover, DMF could reduce the mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in the corneal grafts and RAW264.7 macrophages by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Furthermore, compared with the vehicle group, the number of dendritic cells in the ipsilateral cervical lymph nodes of the DMF-treated group was decreased significantly. Collectively, our findings showed that DMF could suppress CGR by inhibiting the macrophage-induced corneal lymphoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China; Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Maglie R, Solimani F, Quintarelli L, Hertl M. Propranolol Off-Target: A New Therapeutic Option in Neutrophil-Dependent Dermatoses? J Invest Dermatol 2021; 140:2326-2329. [PMID: 33222759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare subepidermal blistering dermatosis characterized by autoantibodies targeting collagen VII (COL7), an essential component of the anchoring fibrils, located in the sublamina densa of the dermal‒epidermal junction. In EBA, tissue-bound autoantibodies cause the recruitment and subsequent activation of neutrophils, which eventually lead to subepidermal blistering through the release of proteases and ROS. Thus, targeting either pathogenic IgG autoantibodies or neutrophil recruitment or activation has shown efficacy in experimental murine EBA models and patients with EBA. In this issue, Stüssel et al. demonstrate that propranolol, a nonselective β-adrenoreceptor blocker, markedly inhibits the neutrophil release of ROS induced by complexes of COL7 and/or anti-COL7 IgG in vitro and ameliorates the formation of blisters and erosions in an antibody passive-transfer model of murine EBA. These findings warrant further investigations aimed at characterizing the therapeutic efficacy of propranolol in EBA and possibly beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Maglie
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Farzan Solimani
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lavinia Quintarelli
- Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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17
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Morrison PJ, Suhrkamp I, Gerdes S, Mrowietz U. Oral dimethyl fumarate induces changes within the peripheral neutrophil compartment of patients with psoriasis that are linked with skin improvement. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:605-615. [PMID: 33657656 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a treatment for moderate-to-severe psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. DMF therapy typically improves skin inflammation within the first 3 months of treatment. DMF is a prodrug that generates the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2) agonist, monomethyl fumarate (MMF). Despite widespread clinical use, DMF's mechanism of action is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES We wished to characterize the changes induced by DMF in peripheral neutrophils within the first 3 months of treatment to better understand its early antipsoriatic effects. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to assess T-cell and neutrophil frequencies, apoptosis and activation phenotype. In vitro culture of neutrophils with DMF and MMF was used to evaluate apoptosis and HCA2 internalization. Serum levels of neutrophil degranulation products were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Patients with psoriasis had significantly higher leucocyte counts at baseline compared with controls, with a large population of pro-inflammatory CD62Llo CD11bbright neutrophils. Analysis revealed that DMF treatment reduced the frequency of CD62Llo CD11bbright neutrophils and serum levels of neutrophil activation markers. This reduction was not linked to increased apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a novel in vivo effect of DMF therapy on pro-inflammatory neutrophils that likely contributes to this treatment's antipsoriatic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Morrison
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - I Suhrkamp
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - S Gerdes
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
| | - U Mrowietz
- Psoriasis Center, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, 24105, Germany
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18
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Timpani CA, Rybalka E. Calming the (Cytokine) Storm: Dimethyl Fumarate as a Therapeutic Candidate for COVID-19. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 14:15. [PMID: 33375288 PMCID: PMC7824470 DOI: 10.3390/ph14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has rapidly spread worldwide and incidences of hospitalisation from respiratory distress are significant. While a vaccine is in the pipeline, there is urgency for therapeutic options to address the immune dysregulation, hyperinflammation and oxidative stress that can lead to death. Given the shared pathogenesis of severe cases of COVID-19 with aspects of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, we propose dimethyl fumarate as a viable treatment option. Currently approved for multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, dimethyl fumarate is an immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative drug that could be rapidly implemented into the clinic to calm the cytokine storm which drives severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia;
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
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19
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Sangineto M, Grabherr F, Adolph TE, Grander C, Reider S, Jaschke N, Mayr L, Schwärzler J, Dallio M, Moschen AR, Moschetta A, Sabbà C, Tilg H. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates hepatic inflammation in alcohol related liver disease. Liver Int 2020; 40:1610-1619. [PMID: 32306456 PMCID: PMC7383968 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) comprises different liver disorders which impose a health care issue. ALD and particularly alcoholic steatohepatitis, an acute inflammatory condition, cause a substantial morbidity and mortality as effective treatment options remain elusive. Inflammation in ALD is fuelled by macrophages (Kupffer cells [KCs]) which are activated by intestinal pathogen associated molecular patterns, eg lipopolysaccharide (LPS), disseminated beyond a defective intestinal barrier. We hypothesized that the immunomodulator dimethyl-fumarate (DMF), which is approved for the treatment of human inflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis or psoriasis, ameliorates the course of experimental ALD. METHODS Dimethyl-fumarate or vehicle was orally administered to wild-type mice receiving a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% ethanol for 15 days. Liver injury, steatosis and inflammation were evaluated by histology, biochemical- and immunoassays. Moreover, we investigated a direct immunosuppressive effect of DMF on KCs and explored a potential impact on ethanol-induced intestinal barrier disruption. RESULTS Dimethyl-fumarate protected against ethanol-induced hepatic injury, steatosis and inflammation in mice. Specifically, we observed reduced hepatic triglyceride and ALT accumulation, reduced hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines (Tnf-α, Il-1β, Cxcl1) and reduced abundance of neutrophils and macrophages in ethanol-fed and DMF-treated mice when compared to vehicle. DMF protected against ethanol-induced barrier disruption and abrogated systemic LPS concentration. In addition, DMF abolished LPS-induced cytokine responses of KCs. CONCLUSIONS Dimethyl-fumarate counteracts ethanol-induced barrier dysfunction, suppresses inflammatory responses of KCs and ameliorates hepatic inflammation and steatosis, hallmarks of experimental ALD. Our data indicates that DMF treatment might be beneficial in human ALD and respective clinical trials are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Interdisciplinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Felix Grabherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Timon E. Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Christoph Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Simon Reider
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal ImmunologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Nikolai Jaschke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Lisa Mayr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Julian Schwärzler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”NaplesItaly
| | - Alexander R. Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal ImmunologyMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | | | - Carlo Sabbà
- Department of Interdisciplinary MedicineUniversity of BariBariItaly
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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20
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Neutrophils: Underestimated Players in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124558. [PMID: 32604901 PMCID: PMC7349048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant circulating and first-responding innate myeloid cells and have so far been underestimated in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is the most frequent, immune-mediated, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS is treatable but not curable and its cause(s) and pathogenesis remain elusive. The involvement of neutrophils in MS pathogenesis has been suggested by the use of preclinical animal disease models, as well as on the basis of patient sample analysis. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms and functions by which neutrophils may contribute to the development and pathology of MS. Neutrophils display a broad variety of effector functions enabling disease pathogenesis, including (1) the release of inflammatory mediators and enzymes, such as interleukin-1β, myeloperoxidase and various proteinases, (2) destruction and phagocytosis of myelin (as debris), (3) release of neutrophil extracellular traps, (4) production of reactive oxygen species, (5) breakdown of the blood–brain barrier and (6) generation and presentation of autoantigens. An important question relates to the issue of whether neutrophils exhibit a predominantly proinflammatory function or are also implicated in the resolution of chronic inflammatory responses in MS.
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21
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Dimethyl fumarate prevents osteoclastogenesis by decreasing NFATc1 expression, inhibiting of erk and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and suppressing of HMGB1 release. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 530:455-461. [PMID: 32553625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated bone-resorbing cells derived from monocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. Excessive formation and resorbing activities of osteoclasts are involved in the bone-destructive pathologies of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Recently, it has been found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor for anti-oxidative stress genes, functions in osteoclastogenesis. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a potent activator of Nrf2 and has been shown to inhibit osteoclastogenesis. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of this inhibition by examining the activation of several signalling pathways during the differentiation of bone marrow-derived macrophages into osteoclasts. DMF inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. DMF treatment decreased the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic-1, and significantly decreased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in osteoclasts. We also found that DMF inhibited the extracellular release of high mobility group box 1, associated with an up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1, likely mediated through Nrf2 activation. Our results indicate that DMF inhibits osteoclast differentiation through multiple pathways.
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22
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Cores Á, Piquero M, Villacampa M, León R, Menéndez JC. NRF2 Regulation Processes as a Source of Potential Drug Targets against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E904. [PMID: 32545924 PMCID: PMC7356958 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 acts by controlling gene expression, being the master regulator of the Phase II antioxidant response, and also being key to the control of neuroinflammation. NRF2 activity is regulated at several levels, including protein degradation by the proteasome, transcription, and post-transcription. The purpose of this review is to offer a concise and critical overview of the main mechanisms of NRF2 regulation and their actual or potential use as targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Piquero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
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23
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Van Dingenen J, Pieters L, Van Nuffel E, Lefebvre RA. Hemin reduces postoperative ileus in a heme oxygenase 1-dependent manner while dimethyl fumarate does without heme oxygenase 1-induction. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13624. [PMID: 31121086 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative ileus (POI), the impairment of gastrointestinal motility after abdominal surgery, is mainly due to intestinal muscular inflammation. Carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing compounds were shown to exert an anti-inflammatory effect in murine POI partially through induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The influence of hemin and dimethyl fumarate (DMF), currently used for multiple sclerosis (MS), was therefore tested in murine POI. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were anesthetized and after laparotomy, POI was induced via intestinal manipulation (IM). Animals were treated with either 30 mg kg-1 hemin intraperitoneally (ip), 30 mg kg-1 DMF ip, or 100 mg kg-1 intragastrically (ig) 24 hours before IM. Intestinal transit was assessed 24 hours postoperatively and mucosa-free muscularis or whole segments of the small intestine were stored for later analysis. Intestinal HO-1 protein expression was studied at 6, 12, and 24 hours after administration of hemin or DMF in non-manipulated mice. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with hemin and DMF, both ig and ip, prevented the delayed transit seen after IM. Concomitantly, both hemin and DMF significantly reduced the increased interleukin-6 levels and the elevated leukocyte infiltration in the muscularis. Hemin but not DMF caused a significant increase in intestinal HO-1 protein expression and co-administration of the HO-1 inhibitor chromium mesoporphyrin abolished the protective effects of hemin on POI; DMF reduced the IM-induced activation of NF-κB and ERK 1/2. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Both hemin and DMF improve the delayed transit and inflammation seen in murine POI, but only hemin does so in a HO-1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Dingenen
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Pieters
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Nuffel
- Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Romain A Lefebvre
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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24
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The dual reno- and neuro-protective effects of dimethyl fumarate against uremic encephalopathy in a renal ischemia/reperfusion model. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:969-983. [DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Brandes MS, Gray NE. NRF2 as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 12:1759091419899782. [PMID: 31964153 PMCID: PMC6977098 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419899782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress have been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative conditions including among others Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Friedrich’s ataxia, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. The endogenous antioxidant response pathway protects cells from oxidative stress by increasing the expression of cytoprotective enzymes and is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). In addition to regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, NRF2 has also been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects and modulate both mitochondrial function and biogenesis. This is because mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation are features of many neurodegenerative diseases as well NRF2 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we review evidence for a beneficial role of NRF2 in neurodegenerative conditions and the potential of specific NRF2 activators as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikah S. Brandes
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nora E. Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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26
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Cole EF, Sami N, Feldman RJ. Updates on diagnosis and management of autoimmune blistering diseases. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 155:46-64. [PMID: 31804056 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.19.06517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the last several decades, advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune blistering diseases has resulted in significant improvements in diagnosis and management. These improvements include new diagnostic assays and therapies targeted at specific disease mediators. Furthermore, the abundance of new therapies in clinic trials for autoimmune blistering diseases will translate to an enhanced therapeutic armamentarium for clinicians. The aim of this article is to review new developments in the understanding of autoimmune blistering diseases and to summarize advancements in their diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Cole
- Emory Autoimmune Blistering Disease Clinic, Emory Department of Dermatology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Naveed Sami
- Department of Dermatology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA -
| | - Ron J Feldman
- Emory Autoimmune Blistering Disease Clinic, Emory Department of Dermatology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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27
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Kridin K, Ahn C, Huang WC, Ansari A, Sami N. Treatment Update of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. Dermatol Clin 2019; 37:215-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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28
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Yadav SK, Soin D, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Insight into the mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:463-472. [PMID: 30820593 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral, disease-modifying agent for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). However, details regarding its mode of action are still emerging. It is believed that the mode of action of DMF involves both nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor (Nrf2)-dependent and independent pathways, which lead to an anti-inflammatory immune response due to type II myeloid cell and Th2 cell differentiation and neuroprotection. In this review, we will focus on the molecular and signaling effects of DMF that lead to changes in peripheral immune cell composition and function, alteration in CNS cell-specific functions, and effect on the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Devika Soin
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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29
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Bilgic-Temel A, Das S, Murrell DF. Successful management of bullous pemphigoid with dimethyl fumarate therapy: A case report. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:179-180. [PMID: 31360754 PMCID: PMC6637068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A 69-year-old woman affected by multiple sclerosis for 35 years was diagnosed with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and treated successfully with dimethyl fumarate (DMF) at a dose of 120 mg twice per day for 7 days and then increased to 240 mg twice per day after first-line therapies of BP. DMF is now under evaluation with an investigator-initiated prospective controlled trial in patients with BP to determine the efficacy and safety of adjuvant DMF. To our knowledge, this is the first case of BP successfully treated with DMF in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Bilgic-Temel
- St George Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shilpa Das
- St George Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dedee F. Murrell
- St George Hospital, Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding Author:
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30
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Koga H, Prost-Squarcioni C, Iwata H, Jonkman MF, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K. Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: The 2019 Update. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 5:362. [PMID: 30687710 PMCID: PMC6335340 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an orphan autoimmune disease. Patients with EBA suffer from chronic inflammation as well as blistering and scarring of the skin and mucous membranes. Current treatment options rely on non-specific immunosuppression, which in many cases, does not lead to a remission of treatment. Hence, novel treatment options are urgently needed for the care of EBA patients. During the past decade, decisive clinical observations, and frequent use of pre-clinical model systems have tremendously increased our understanding of EBA pathogenesis. Herein, we review all of the aspects of EBA, starting with a detailed description of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current treatment options. Of note, pattern analysis via direct immunofluorescence microscopy of a perilesional skin lesion and novel serological test systems have significantly facilitated diagnosis of the disease. Next, a state-of the art review of the current understanding of EBA pathogenesis, emerging treatments and future perspectives is provided. Based on pre-clinical model systems, cytokines and kinases are among the most promising therapeutic targets, whereas high doses of IgG (IVIG) and the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab are among the most promising "established" EBA therapeutics. We also aim to raise awareness of EBA, as well as initiate basic and clinical research in this field, to further improve the already improved but still unsatisfactory conditions for those diagnosed with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Catherine Prost-Squarcioni
- Department of Dermatology, APHP, Avicenne Hospital, Referral Center for Autoimmune Bullous Diseases, Bobigny, France
| | - Hiroaki Iwata
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Blistering Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis treatment faces tremendous changes owing to the approval of new medications, some of which are available as oral formulations. Until now, the four orally available medications, fingolimod, dimethylfumarate (BG-12), teriflunomide, and cladribine have received market authorization, whereas laquinimod is still under development. Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor, which is typically used as escalation therapy and leads to up to 60% reduction of the annualized relapse rate, but might also have neuroprotective properties. In addition, there are three more specific S1P agonists in late stages of development: siponimod, ponesimod, and ozanimod. Dimethylfumarate has immunomodulatory and cytoprotective functions and is used as baseline therapy. Teriflunomide, the active metabolite of the rheumatoid arthritis medication leflunomide, targets the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes by depletion of pyrimidines. Here we will review the mechanisms of action, clinical trial data, as well as data about safety and tolerability of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Faissner
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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32
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Hosseini A, Masjedi A, Baradaran B, Hojjat‐Farsangi M, Ghalamfarsa G, Anvari E, Jadidi‐Niaragh F. Dimethyl fumarate: Regulatory effects on the immune system in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9943-9955. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hosseini
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Ali Masjedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat‐Farsangi
- Immune and Gene therapy Lab Department of Oncology‐Pathology Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska University Hospital Solna and Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Immunology School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences Bushehr Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Enayat Anvari
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences Ilam Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Immunology Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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33
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Lambert S, Hambro CA, Johnston A, Stuart PE, Tsoi LC, Nair RP, Elder JT. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induce Human Th17 Cells: Effect of Psoriasis-Associated TRAF3IP2 Genotype. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:1245-1253. [PMID: 30528823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis lesions are rich in IL-17-producing T cells as well as neutrophils, which release webs of DNA-protein complexes known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Because we and others have observed increased NETosis in psoriatic lesions, we hypothesized that NETs contribute to increased T helper type 17 (Th17) cells in psoriasis. After stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells with anti-CD3/CD28 beads for 7 days, we found significantly higher percentages of CD3+CD4+IL-17+ (Th17) cells in the presence versus absence of NETs, as assessed by flow cytometry, IL-17 ELISA, and IL17A/F and RORC mRNAs. Memory, but not naïve, T cells were competent and monocytes were required for CD3/CD28-mediated Th17 induction, with or without NETs. Th17 induction was enhanced by the T allele of rs33980500 (T/C), a psoriasis risk-associated variant in the TRAF3IP2 gene encoding the D10N variant of Act1, a key mediator of IL-17 signal transduction. Global transcriptome analysis of CD3/CD28-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells by RNA sequencing confirmed the stimulatory effects of NETs, demonstrated NET-induced enhancement of cytokine gene expression, and verified that the effect of Act1 D10N was greater in the presence of NETs. Collectively, these results implicate NETs and the Act1 D10N variant in human Th17 induction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with ramifications for immunogenetic studies of psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caely A Hambro
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rajan P Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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34
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Woodberry T, Bouffler SE, Wilson AS, Buckland RL, Brüstle A. The Emerging Role of Neutrophil Granulocytes in Multiple Sclerosis. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E511. [PMID: 30513926 PMCID: PMC6306801 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with a strong autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory component. Most of the common disease modifying treatments (DMTs) for MS modulate the immune response targeting disease associated T and B cells and while none directly target neutrophils, several DMTs do impact their abundance or function. The role of neutrophils in MS remains unknown and research is ongoing to better understand the phenotype, function, and contribution of neutrophils to both disease onset and stage of disease. Here we summarize the current state of knowledge of neutrophils and their function in MS, including in the rodent based MS model, and we discuss the potential effects of current treatments on these functions. We propose that neutrophils are likely to participate in MS pathogenesis and their abundance and function warrant monitoring in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Woodberry
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Sophie E Bouffler
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Alicia S Wilson
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Rebecca L Buckland
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
| | - Anne Brüstle
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia.
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35
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Lee J, Werth VP, Hall RP, Eming R, Fairley JA, Fajgenbaum DC, Harman KE, Jonkman MF, Korman NJ, Ludwig RJ, Murrell DF, Musette P, Naik HB, Sadik CD, Yamagami J, Yale ML, Payne AS. Perspective From the 5th International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation Scientific Conference. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:306. [PMID: 30467542 PMCID: PMC6236000 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5th Scientific Conference of the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation (IPPF), “Pemphigus and Pemphigoid: A New Era of Clinical and Translational Science” was held in Orlando, Florida, on May 15–16, 2018. Scientific sessions covered recent, ongoing, and future clinical trials in pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid, disease activity and quality of life instruments, and the IPPF Natural History Study. Furthermore, the meeting provided an opportunity to hear firsthand from patients, investigators, and industry about their experience enrolling for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmin Lee
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria P Werth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Russell P Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Janet A Fairley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - David C Fajgenbaum
- Orphan Disease Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Karen E Harman
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Neil J Korman
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dedee F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philippe Musette
- Department of Dermatology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Haley B Naik
- Program for Clinical Research, Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jun Yamagami
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marc L Yale
- International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Foundation, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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36
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Dimethyl fumarate is an allosteric covalent inhibitor of the p90 ribosomal S6 kinases. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4344. [PMID: 30341347 PMCID: PMC6195510 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been applied for decades in the treatment of psoriasis and now also multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanism of action has remained obscure and involves high dose over long time of this small, reactive compound implicating many potential targets. Based on a 1.9 Å resolution crystal structure of the C-terminal kinase domain of the mouse p90 Ribosomal S6 Kinase 2 (RSK2) inhibited by DMF we describe a central binding site in RSKs and the closely related Mitogen and Stress-activated Kinases (MSKs). DMF reacts covalently as a Michael acceptor to a conserved cysteine residue in the αF-helix of RSK/MSKs. Binding of DMF prevents the activation loop of the kinase from engaging substrate, and stabilizes an auto-inhibitory αL-helix, thus pointing to an effective, allosteric mechanism of kinase inhibition. The biochemical and cell biological characteristics of DMF inhibition of RSK/MSKs are consistent with the clinical protocols of DMF treatment. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a major drug in the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Here the authors reveal a mechanism of RSK/MSK inhibition through covalent inhibition that can explain the observed clinical effects and the dose–response characteristics of DMF treatment.
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37
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Wannick M, Assmann JC, Vielhauer JF, Offermanns S, Zillikens D, Sadik CD, Schwaninger M. The Immunometabolomic Interface Receptor Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 2 Mediates the Therapeutic Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate in Autoantibody-Induced Skin Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1890. [PMID: 30154797 PMCID: PMC6102353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is in clinical use for the treatment of psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. In addition, it has recently been demonstrated to ameliorate skin pathology in mouse models of pemphigoid diseases, a group of autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes. However, the mode of action of DMF in inflammatory skin diseases has remained elusive. Therefore, we have investigated here the mechanisms by which DMF improves skin pathology, using the antibody transfer model of bullous pemphigoid-like epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Experimental EBA was induced by transfer of antibodies against collagen VII that triggered the infiltration of immune cells into the skin and led to inflammatory skin lesions. DMF treatment reduced the infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the skin explaining the improved disease outcome in DMF-treated animals. Upon ingestion, DMF is converted to monomethyl fumarate that activates the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2). Interestingly, neutrophils and monocytes expressed Hca2. To investigate whether the therapeutic effect of DMF in EBA is mediated by HCA2, we administered oral DMF to Hca2-deficient mice (Hca2−/−) and wild-type littermates (Hca2+/+) and induced EBA. DMF treatment ameliorated skin lesions in Hca2+/+ but not in Hca2−/− animals. These findings demonstrate that HCA2 is a molecular target of DMF treatment in EBA and suggest that HCA2 activation limits skin pathology by inhibiting the infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes into the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wannick
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julian C Assmann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jakob F Vielhauer
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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38
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Mills KJ, Robinson MK, Sherrill JD, Schnell DJ, Xu J. Analysis of gene expression profiles of multiple skin diseases identifies a conserved signature of disrupted homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1000-1008. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Mills
- The Procter and Gamble Company; Mason Business Center; Mason OH USA
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Schnell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Calico, LLC; South San Francisco CA USA
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39
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Brück J, Dringen R, Amasuno A, Pau-Charles I, Ghoreschi K. A review of the mechanisms of action of dimethylfumarate in the treatment of psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:611-624. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Brück
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Eberhard Karls University; Tübingen Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry); Center for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology; University of Bremen; Bremen Germany
| | | | | | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center; Eberhard Karls University; Tübingen Germany
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40
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Samavedam UK, Mitschker N, Kasprick A, Bieber K, Schmidt E, Laskay T, Recke A, Goletz S, Vidarsson G, Schulze FS, Armbrust M, Schulze Dieckhoff K, Pas HH, Jonkman MF, Kalies K, Zillikens D, Gupta Y, Ibrahim SM, Ludwig RJ. Whole-Genome Expression Profiling in Skin Reveals SYK As a Key Regulator of Inflammation in Experimental Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita. Front Immunol 2018; 9:249. [PMID: 29497423 PMCID: PMC5818881 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the morbidity and limited therapeutic options of autoimmune diseases, there is a high, and thus far, unmet medical need for development of novel treatments. Pemphigoid diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), are prototypical autoimmune diseases that are caused by autoantibodies targeting structural proteins of the skin, leading to inflammation, mediated by myeloid cells. To identify novel treatment targets, we performed cutaneous genome-wide mRNA expression profiling in 190 outbred mice after EBA induction. Comparison of genome-wide mRNA expression profiles in diseased and healthy mice, and construction of a co-expression network identified Sykb (spleen tyrosine kinase, SYK) as a major hub gene. Aligned, pharmacological SYK inhibition protected mice from experimental EBA. Using lineage-specific SYK-deficient mice, we identified SYK expression on myeloid cells to be required to induce EBA. Within the predicted co-expression network, interactions of Sykb with several partners (e.g., Tlr13, Jdp2, and Nfkbid) were validated by curated databases. Additionally, novel gene interaction partners of SYK were experimentally validated. Collectively, our results identify SYK expression in myeloid cells as a requirement to promote inflammation in autoantibody-driven pathologies. This should encourage exploitation of SYK and SYK-regulated genes as potential therapeutic targets for EBA and potentially other autoantibody-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni K Samavedam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nina Mitschker
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anika Kasprick
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Bieber
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tamás Laskay
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Recke
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - S Goletz
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Sanquin Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Franziska S Schulze
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mikko Armbrust
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Hendri H Pas
- Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Center for Blistering Diseases, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yask Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saleh M Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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41
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Hoffmann JHO, Schaekel K, Hartl D, Enk AH, Hadaschik EN. Dimethyl fumarate modulates neutrophil extracellular trap formation in a glutathione- and superoxide-dependent manner. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:207-214. [PMID: 28733990 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil (polymorphonuclear) granulocytes (PMN) have been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis by releasing interleukin-17 and LL37-DNA complexes via neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of chromatin strands decorated with antimicrobial peptides, in psoriatic skin. Fumaderm® , a fumaric acid ester (FAE) formulation consisting of different FAE salts, has been successfully used to treat psoriasis for decades. Most recently, FAE treatment was reported to inhibit NET formation in murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the effect of FAE treatment on human psoriasis and healthy donor NET formation. RESULTS Among the compounds present in the FAE formulation, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) pretreatment of human psoriasis and healthy donor PMN resulted in a consistent inhibitory effect on NET formation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but not to platelet activating factor and ionomycin. This effect was l-glutathione (GSH) dependent and involved a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a key event in NET formation. In contrast, G-protein-coupled signalling and protein synthesis were not involved. Monomethyl fumarate (MMF) was found to slightly reduce ROS production without affecting NET formation. CONCLUSIONS We report DMF as a potent, stimulus-specific, GSH- and ROS-dependent modulator of NET formation. Our results support the notion that modulation of NET formation contributes to the beneficial effects of FAEs in a variety of inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H O Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Schaekel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hartl
- University Children's Hospital Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases (I3) Discovery and Translational Area, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A H Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E N Hadaschik
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
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42
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Giustina AD, Bonfante S, Zarbato GF, Danielski LG, Mathias K, de Oliveira AN, Garbossa L, Cardoso T, Fileti ME, De Carli RJ, Goldim MP, Barichello T, Petronilho F. Dimethyl Fumarate Modulates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Organs After Sepsis in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 41:315-327. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Toyama T, Looney AP, Baker BM, Stawski L, Haines P, Simms R, Szymaniak AD, Varelas X, Trojanowska M. Therapeutic Targeting of TAZ and YAP by Dimethyl Fumarate in Systemic Sclerosis Fibrosis. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:78-88. [PMID: 28870693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a devastating fibrotic disease with few treatment options. Fumaric acid esters, including dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera; Biogen, Cambridge, MA), have shown therapeutic effects in several disease models, prompting us to determine whether DMF is effective as a treatment for SSc dermal fibrosis. We found that DMF blocks the profibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in SSc skin fibroblasts. Mechanistically, we found that DMF treatment reduced nuclear localization of transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP) proteins via inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway. In addition, DMF abrogated TGFβ/Akt1 mediated inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen kinase 3β (GSK3β) and a subsequent β-transducin repeat-containing proteins (βTRCP) mediated proteasomal degradation of TAZ, as well as a corresponding decrease of TAZ/YAP transcriptional targets. Depletion of TAZ/YAP recapitulated the antifibrotic effects of DMF. We also confirmed the increase of TAZ/YAP in skin biopsies from patients with diffuse SSc. We further showed that DMF significantly diminished nuclear TAZ/YAP localization in fibroblasts cultured on a stiff surface. Importantly, DMF prevented bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis in mice. Together, our work demonstrates a mechanism of the antifibrotic effect of DMF via inhibition of Akt1/GSK3β/TAZ/YAP signaling and confirms a critical role of TAZ/YAP in mediating the profibrotic responses in dermal fibroblasts. This study supports the use of DMF as a treatment for SSc dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Toyama
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka P Looney
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lukasz Stawski
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Haines
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Simms
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aleksander D Szymaniak
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Trojanowska
- Arthritis Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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44
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Ludwig RJ. Signalling and targeted therapy of inflammatory cells in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:1179-1186. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf J. Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology; University of Lübeck; Lübeck Germany
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45
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Hoppenbrouwers T, Autar ASA, Sultan AR, Abraham TE, van Cappellen WA, Houtsmuller AB, van Wamel WJB, van Beusekom HMM, van Neck JW, de Maat MPM. In vitro induction of NETosis: Comprehensive live imaging comparison and systematic review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176472. [PMID: 28486563 PMCID: PMC5423591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple inducers of in vitro Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation (NETosis) have been described. Since there is much variation in study design and results, our aim was to create a systematic review of NETosis inducers and perform a standardized in vitro study of NETosis inducers important in (cardiac) wound healing. METHODS In vitro NETosis was studied by incubating neutrophils with PMA, living and dead bacteria (S. aureus and E. coli), LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant), glucose and calcium ionophore Ionomycin using 3-hour periods of time-lapse confocal imaging. RESULTS PMA is a consistent and potent inducer of NETosis. Ionomycin also consistently resulted in extrusion of DNA, albeit with a process that differs from the NETosis process induced by PMA. In our standardized experiments, living bacteria were also potent inducers of NETosis, but dead bacteria, LPS, (activated) platelets (supernatant) and glucose did not induce NETosis. CONCLUSION Our systematic review confirms that there is much variation in study design and results of NETosis induction. Our experimental results confirm that under standardized conditions, PMA, living bacteria and Ionomycin all strongly induce NETosis, but real-time confocal imaging reveal different courses of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hoppenbrouwers
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anouchska S. A. Autar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andi R. Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tsion E. Abraham
- Optical Imaging Center, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Willem J. B. van Wamel
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johan W. van Neck
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Southwood CM, Garshott DM, Richardson CR, Seraji-Bozorgzad N, Fribley AM, Gow A. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates myoclonus stemming from protein misfolding in oligodendrocytes. J Neurochem 2017; 142:103-117. [PMID: 28382685 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a primary autoimmune disease; however, this view is increasingly being challenged in basic and clinical science arenas because of the growing body of clinical trials' data showing that exclusion of immune cells from the CNS only modestly slows disease progression to disability. Accordingly, there is significant need for expanding the scope of potential disease mechanisms to understand the etiology of MS. Concomitantly, the use of a broader range of pre-clinical animal models for characterizing existing efficacious clinical treatments may elucidate additional or unexpected mechanisms of action for these drugs that augment insight into MS etiology. Herein, we explore the in vivo mechanism of action of dimethyl fumarate, which has been shown to suppress oxidative stress and immune cell responses in psoriasis and MS. Rather than studying this compound in the context of an experimental autoimmune-induced attack on the CNS, we have used a genetic model of hypomyelination, male rumpshaker (rsh) mice, which exhibit oligodendrocyte metabolic stress and startle-induced subcortical myoclonus during development and into adulthood. We find that myoclonus is reduced 30-50% in treated mutants but we do not detect substantial changes in metabolic or oxidative stress response pathways, cytokine modulation, or myelin thickness (assessed by anova). All procedures involving vertebrate animals in this study were reviewed and approved by the IACUC committee at Wayne State University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie M Southwood
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Danielle M Garshott
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea R Richardson
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Andrew M Fribley
- Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alexander Gow
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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47
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Schmidt E, Spindler V, Eming R, Amagai M, Antonicelli F, Baines JF, Belheouane M, Bernard P, Borradori L, Caproni M, Di Zenzo G, Grando S, Harman K, Jonkman MF, Koga H, Ludwig RJ, Kowalczyk AP, Müller EJ, Nishie W, Pas H, Payne AS, Sadik CD, Seppänen A, Setterfield J, Shimizu H, Sinha AA, Sprecher E, Sticherling M, Ujiie H, Zillikens D, Hertl M, Waschke J. Meeting Report of the Pathogenesis of Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Meeting in Munich, September 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1199-1203. [PMID: 28390814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune blistering diseases are a heterogeneous group of about a dozen complex disorders that are characterized by intraepidermal (pemphigus) and subepidermal blistering (pemphigoid diseases and dermatitis herpetiformis). The Pathogenesis of Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Meeting, organized by the Departments of Dermatology in Lübeck and Marburg and the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Munich, was held in September 2016 in Munich. The meeting brought together basic scientists and clinicians from all continents dedicating their work to autoimmune blistering diseases. Considerable advances have been made in describing incidences and prevalences of these diseases and linking comorbidities with autoantibody reactivities and clinical variants, for example, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor-associated noninflammatory bullous pemphigoid. Although new entities are still being described, diagnosis of most autoimmune blistering diseases can now be achieved using standardized and widely available serological test systems. Various experimental mouse models of pemphigus and pemphigoid disease are increasingly being used to understand mechanisms of central and peripheral tolerance and to evaluate more specific treatment approaches for these disorders, such as molecules that target autoreactive T and B cells and anti-inflammatory mediators, that is, dimethyl fumarate, phosphodiesterase 4, and leukotriene B4 inhibitors in pemphigoid disorders, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells in pemphigus. Very recent experimental data about the immunopathology and the determinants of autoantibody formation and keratinocyte susceptibility in pemphigus were discussed. With regard to cellular mechanisms leading to the loss of cell-cell adhesion, new ideas were shared in the field of signal transduction. Major steps were taken to put the various partly contradictory and controversial findings about the effects of pemphigus autoantibodies and other inflammatory mediators into perspective and broaden our view of the complex pathophysiology of this disease. Finally, two investigator-initiated multicenter trials highlighted doxycycline and dapsone as valuable medications in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enno Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Volker Spindler
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Eming
- Department of Dermatology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, and Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meriem Belheouane
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, and Institute for Experimental Medicine, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Luca Borradori
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Zenzo
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI)-IRCCS FLMM, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergei Grando
- Institute for Immunology and Departments of Dermatology and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Karen Harman
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marcel F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Departments of Cell Biology and Dermatology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eliane J Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wataru Nishie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hendri Pas
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Allan Seppänen
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jane Setterfield
- Mucosal and Salivary Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London & St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Hideyuki Ujiie
- Department of Dermatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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48
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Casserly CS, Nantes JC, Whittaker Hawkins RF, Vallières L. Neutrophil perversion in demyelinating autoimmune diseases: Mechanisms to medicine. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:294-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Schön MP, Broekaert SMC, Erpenbeck L. Sexy again: the renaissance of neutrophils in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:305-311. [PMID: 27194625 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding their prominent presence in psoriatic skin, the functional role of neutrophilic granulocytes still remains somewhat enigmatic. Sparked by exciting scientific discoveries regarding neutrophil functions within the last years, the interest in these short-lived cells of the innate immune system has been boosted recently. While it had been known for some time that neutrophils produce and respond to a number of inflammatory mediators, recent research has linked neutrophils with the pathogenic functions of IL-17, possibly in conjunction with the formation of NETs (neutrophil extracellular traps). Antipsoriatic therapies exert their effects, at least in part, through interference with neutrophils. Neutrophils also appear to connect psoriasis with comorbid diseases. However, directly tampering with neutrophil functions is not trivial as evinced by the failure of therapeutic approaches targeting redundantly regulated cellular communication networks. It has also become apparent that neutrophils link important pathogenic functions of the innate and the adaptive immune system and that they are intricately involved in regulatory networks underlying the pathophysiology of psoriasis. In order to advocate intensified research into the role of this interesting cell population, we here highlight some features of neutrophils and put them into perspective with our current view of the pathophysiology of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sigrid M C Broekaert
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Erpenbeck
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergolosgy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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50
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Topically Applied Hsp90 Blocker 17AAG Inhibits Autoantibody-Mediated Blister-Inducing Cutaneous Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:341-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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