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Dave A, Park EJ, Kofsky P, Dufresne A, Chakraborty S, Pezzuto JM. Long-Term Dietary Consumption of Grapes Affects Kidney Health in C57BL/6J Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:2309. [PMID: 39064752 PMCID: PMC11280382 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Starting at 4 weeks of age, male and female C57BL/6J mice were provided with a semi-synthetic diet for a period of one year and then continued on the semi-synthetic diet with or without grape supplementation for the duration of their lives. During the course of the study, no variation of body weights was noted between the groups. At 2.5 years of age, the body-weight-to-tissue-weight ratios did not vary for the liver, colon, muscle, prostate, or ovary. However, relative to the standard diet, the body/kidney weight ratio was significantly lower in the male and female groups with grape-supplemented diets. With the mice provided with the standard diet, the BUN/creatinine ratios were 125 and 152 for males and females, respectively, and reduced to 63.7 and 40.4, respectively, when provided with the grape diet. A histological evaluation suggested that this may be due to enhanced/improved perfusion in the kidney as a preventive/protective effect. In response to the dietary grapes, an RNA seq analysis revealed up-regulation of 21 and 109 genes with male and female mice, respectively, with a corresponding down-regulation of 108 and 65 genes. The downward movement of the FPKM values in the males (alox5, btk, fga, fpr1, hmox1, lox, ltf, lyve1, marco, mmp8, prg4, s100a8/9, serpina3n, and vsig4) and upward movement of the FPKM values in the females (camp, cd300lf, cd72, fcgr4, fgr, fpr2, htra4, il10, lilrb4b, lipg, pilra, and tlr8) suggest beneficial kidney effects. The expression of some genes related to the immunological activity was also modulated by the grape diet, mainly downward in the males and upward in the females. The reactome pathway analysis, KEGG analysis, and GSEA normalized enrichment scores illustrate that several pathways related to immune function, collagenase degradation, extracellular matrix regulation, metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, pancreatic secretion, aging, and mitochondrial function were enriched in both the males and females provided with the grape diet. Overall, these results indicate that the long-term dietary consumption of grapes contributes to renal health and resilience against fibrosis and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Dave
- Department of Biology, Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA;
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA; (E.-J.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Paulette Kofsky
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA; (E.-J.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Alexandre Dufresne
- Baystate Research Facility, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - Soma Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USA;
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, MA 01119, USA; (E.-J.P.); (P.K.)
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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Reese-Petersen AL, Holm Nielsen S, Bülow Sand JM, Schattenberg JM, Bugianesi E, Karsdal MA. The sclerotic component of metabolic syndrome: Fibroblast activities may be the central common denominator driving organ function loss and death. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2554-2566. [PMID: 38699780 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of more than 50 different diseases and the cause of more than 35% of deaths worldwide, of which liver, kidney, skin, heart and, recently, lungs are receiving the most attention. Tissue changes, resulting in loss of organ function, are both a cause and consequence of disease and outcome. Fibrosis is caused by an excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which over time results in impaired organ function and organ failure, and the pathways leading to increased fibroblast activation are many. This narrative review investigated the common denominator of fibrosis, fibroblasts, and the activation of fibroblasts, in response to excess energy consumption in liver, kidney, heart, skin and lung fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main drivers of organ function loss in lung, liver, skin, heart and kidney disease. Fibroblast activation in response to excess energy consumption results in the overproduction of a range of collagens, of which types I, III and VI seem to be the essential drivers of disease progression. Fibroblast activation may be quantified in serum, enabling profiling and selection of patients. Activation of fibroblasts results in the overproduction of collagens, which deteriorates organ function. Patient profiling of fibroblast activities in serum, quantified as collagen production, may identify an organ death trajectory, better enabling identification of the right treatment for use in different metabolic interventions. As metabolically activated patients have highly elevated risk of kidney, liver and heart failure, it is essential to identify which organ to treat first and monitor organ status to correct treatment regimes. In direct alignment with this, it is essential to identify the right patients with the right organ deterioration trajectory for enrolment in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Huang L, Bon H, Maamra M, Holmes T, Atkinson J, Cain K, Kennedy J, Kettleborough C, Matthews D, Twomey B, Ni J, Song Z, Watson PF, Johnson TS. The effect of TG2-inhibitory monoclonal antibody zampilimab on tissue fibrosis in human in vitro and primate in vivo models of chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298864. [PMID: 38753630 PMCID: PMC11098434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling is the primary driver of functional loss in chronic kidney disease, with no specific anti-fibrotic agent available for clinical use. Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a wound response enzyme that irreversibly crosslinks extracellular matrix proteins causing dysregulation of extracellular matrix turnover, is a well-characterized anti-fibrotic target in the kidney. We describe the humanization and characterization of two anti-TG2 monoclonal antibodies (zampilimab [hDC1/UCB7858] and BB7) that inhibit crosslinking by TG2 in human in vitro and rabbit/cynomolgus monkey in vivo models of chronic kidney disease. Determination of zampilimab half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against recombinant human TG2 was undertaken using the KxD assay and determination of dissociation constant (Kd) by surface plasmon resonance. Efficacy in vitro was established using a primary human renal epithelial cell model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, to assess mature deposited extracellular matrix proteins. Proof of concept in vivo used a cynomolgus monkey unilateral ureteral obstruction model of chronic kidney disease. Zampilimab inhibited TG2 crosslinking transamidation activity with an IC50 of 0.25 nM and Kd of <50 pM. In cell culture, zampilimab inhibited extracellular TG2 activity (IC50 119 nM) and dramatically reduced transforming growth factor-β1-driven accumulation of multiple extracellular matrix proteins including collagens I, III, IV, V, and fibronectin. Intravenous administration of BB7 in rabbits resulted in a 68% reduction in fibrotic index at Day 25 post-unilateral ureteral obstruction. Weekly intravenous administration of zampilimab in cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral ureteral obstruction reduced fibrosis at 4 weeks by >50%, with no safety signals. Our data support the clinical investigation of zampilimab for the treatment of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Huang
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Helene Bon
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Mabrouka Maamra
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Holmes
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Atkinson
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Katharine Cain
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jeff Kennedy
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Matthews
- Drug Discovery Biology, LifeArc, Stevenage, United Kingdom
- Immunology and Ophthalmology, Mogrify Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Twomey
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Ni
- Research and Development, Prisys Biotechnologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhizhan Song
- Research and Development, Prisys Biotechnologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Philip F. Watson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S. Johnson
- Immunology Therapeutic Area, UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- UCB Pharma, Slough, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Smith MM, Melrose J. Lumican, a Multifunctional Cell Instructive Biomarker Proteoglycan Has Novel Roles as a Marker of the Hypercoagulative State of Long Covid Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2825. [PMID: 38474072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study has reviewed the many roles of lumican as a biomarker of tissue pathology in health and disease. Lumican is a structure regulatory proteoglycan of collagen-rich tissues, with cell instructive properties through interactions with a number of cell surface receptors in tissue repair, thereby regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and the innate and humoral immune systems to combat infection. The exponential increase in publications in the last decade dealing with lumican testify to its role as a pleiotropic biomarker regulatory protein. Recent findings show lumican has novel roles as a biomarker of the hypercoagulative state that occurs in SARS CoV-2 infections; thus, it may also prove useful in the delineation of the complex tissue changes that characterize COVID-19 disease. Lumican may be useful as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker of long COVID disease and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Arthropharm Pty Ltd., Bondi Junction, NSW 2022, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Laboratory, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Faculty of Health and Science, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Yakupova EI, Abramicheva PA, Bocharnikov AD, Andrianova NV, Plotnikov EY. Biomarkers of the End-Stage Renal Disease Progression: Beyond the GFR. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1622-1644. [PMID: 38105029 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease can progress to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. ESRD requires immediate therapy or even dialysis or kidney transplantation, therefore, its timely diagnostics is critical for many patients. ESRD is associated with pathological changes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endocrine disorders, and epigenetic changes in various cells, which could serve as ESRD markers. The review summarizes information on conventional and new ESRD biomarkers that can be assessed in kidney tissue, blood, and urine. Some biomarkers are specific to a particular pathology, while others are more universal. Here, we suggest several universal inflammatory, fibrotic, hormonal, and epigenetic markers indicative of severe deterioration of renal function and ESRD progression for improvement of ESRD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I Yakupova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Polina A Abramicheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey D Bocharnikov
- International School of Medicine of the Future, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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Cao R, Su W, Sheng J, Guo Y, Su J, Zhang C, Wang H, Tang Y, Chen L, Qiao R, Chen X, Huang X, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Bai Z, Zhang X, Gustafsson JA, Wan Q, Lan HY, Guan Y. Estrogen receptor β attenuates renal fibrosis by suppressing the transcriptional activity of Smad3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166755. [PMID: 37196860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is a common pathway leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), which lacks effective treatment. While estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is known to be present in the kidney, its role in RF remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of ERβ during RF progression in patients and animal models with CKD. We found that ERβ was highly expressed in the proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in healthy kidneys but its expression was largely lost in patients with immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN) and in mice with unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) and subtotal nephrectomy (5/6Nx). ERβ deficiency markedly exacerbated, whereas ERβ activation by WAY200070 and DPN attenuated RF in both UUO and 5/6Nx mouse models, suggesting a protective role of ERβ in RF. In addition, ERβ activation inhibited TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, while loss of renal ERβ was associated with overactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Furthermore, deletion or pharmacological inhibition of Smad3 prevented the loss of ERβ and RF. Mechanistically, activation of ERβ competitively inhibited the association of Smad3 with the Smad-binding element, thereby downregulating the transcription of the fibrosis-related genes without altering Smad3 phosphorylation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ERβ exerts a renoprotective role in CKD by blocking the Smad3 signaling pathway. Thus, ERβ may represent as a promising therapeutic agent for RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Wen Su
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yanlin Guo
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Su
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Honglian Wang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Center for Integrative Medicine, the Affiliated Traditional Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Yizhe Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, China; The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Rongfang Qiao
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaocong Chen
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Xiaoru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhou
- Department of Physiology at the Basic Medical College, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Zirui Bai
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Department of Pathology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jan-Ake Gustafsson
- Center for Innovative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Qijun Wan
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, the Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518035, China.
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China.
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Immunopathology of Renal Tissue in Fatal Cases of Dengue in Children. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121543. [PMID: 36558877 PMCID: PMC9785549 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection represents a worldwide public health concern and can cause damage to multiple organs, including the kidney. In this work, we investigated the histopathological changes caused by dengue virus infection along with the detection of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and cell expression patterns in the renal tissue of three fatal cases in children. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining was performed to analyze these histopathological changes. Immunohistochemistry allowed for the detection of immunological inflammatory markers in renal tissues that were quantified and further analyzed. Vascular congestion, edema and glomerular infiltrate were observed in the three cases, in addition to the thickening of the matrix area around the glomerular capillaries and mononuclear infiltrate associated with vascular congestion in the medullary region. The renal tissues exhibited collagen deposition and high expression of CD68+ Mø, CD8+ T, CD56+ cells and MMP-9, and the cytokine profile was mainly characterized by the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Additionally, the expression of RANTES, VEGFR-2 and VCAM-1 were observed. The replication of DENV was evidenced by the detection of the NS3 protein. These results contributed to clarifying the main factors that may be involved in changes in the renal tissue of fatal cases of dengue in children.
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Gu M, Zhou Y, Liao N, Wei Q, Bai Z, Bao N, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Gao L, Cheng X. Chrysophanol, a main anthraquinone from Rheum palmatum L. (rhubarb), protects against renal fibrosis by suppressing NKD2/NF-κB pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154381. [PMID: 35988461 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic kidney disease (CKD), characterized as renal dysfunction and multi-system damage, has become a serious public health problem with high prevalence and mortality. Rheum palmatum L. (rhubarb) is one of the most widely used Chinese herb with renal protective activity. However, the active components and underlying mechanisms of rhubarb remain unknown. In this work, we tried to explore the pharmacological mechanism of chrysophanol, a main anthraquinone from rhubarb, against CKD by in vivo and in vitro models. STUDY DESIGN The therapeutic effect of chrysophanol and its underlying mechanism were investigated using CKD mouse model induced by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO), and human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells stimulated by TGF-β1 in vivo. METHODS The impact of chrysophanol on renal function, inflammation, fibrosis of CKD mice were evaluated. Then, the protein expressions of FN1, collagen ɑI, α-SMA, NF-κB and naked keratinocyte homolog 2 (NKD2) were investigated. In vitro studies, the inhibition on inflammation and fibrogenesis by chrysophanol was further validated in TGF-β1-stimulated HK2 cells, and the regulation of chrysophanol on NKD2/NF-κB pathway was analyzed. Moreover, NKD2 was overexpressed in HK-2 cells to confirm the role of NKD2/NF-κB pathway in chrysophanol-mediated efficacy. Finally, the binding mode of chrysophanol with NKD2 was studied using in silico molecular docking and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay. RESULTS Chrysophanol could significantly improve the kidney dysfunction, alleviate renal pathology, and reverse the elevated levels of renal fibrosis markers such as FN1, collagen ɑI and α-SMA. Furthermore, chrysophanol effectively inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production, and suppressed NF-κB activation and NKD2 expression. The findings of in vitro study were consistent with those of animal expriment. Using NKD2-overexpressing HK-2 cells, we also demonstrated that overexpression of NKD2 significantly compromised the anti-fibrotic effects of chrysophanol. In addition, molecular docking and MST analysis revealed that NKD2 was a direct target of chrysophanol. CONCLUSION Together, our work demonstrated for the first time that chrysophanol could effectively ameliorate renal fibrosis by inhibiting NKD2/NF-κB pathway. Chrysophanol can potentially prevent CKD by suppressing renal NKD2 expression directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Naikai Liao
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No.6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingxue Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Zijun Bai
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District of Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Neng Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, No.1000 Hefeng Road, Binhu District of Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China
| | - Leiping Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Changshu Hospital affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Huanghe Road, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, China.
| | - Xiaolan Cheng
- School of Chinese Medicine and School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District of Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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Steckelings UM, Widdop RE, Sturrock ED, Lubbe L, Hussain T, Kaschina E, Unger T, Hallberg A, Carey RM, Sumners C. The Angiotensin AT 2 Receptor: From a Binding Site to a Novel Therapeutic Target. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:1051-1135. [PMID: 36180112 PMCID: PMC9553111 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered more than 30 years ago, the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has evolved from a binding site with unknown function to a firmly established major effector within the protective arm of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and a target for new drugs in development. The AT2R represents an endogenous protective mechanism that can be manipulated in the majority of preclinical models to alleviate lung, renal, cardiovascular, metabolic, cutaneous, and neural diseases as well as cancer. This article is a comprehensive review summarizing our current knowledge of the AT2R, from its discovery to its position within the RAS and its overall functions. This is followed by an in-depth look at the characteristics of the AT2R, including its structure, intracellular signaling, homo- and heterodimerization, and expression. AT2R-selective ligands, from endogenous peptides to synthetic peptides and nonpeptide molecules that are used as research tools, are discussed. Finally, we summarize the known physiological roles of the AT2R and its abundant protective effects in multiple experimental disease models and expound on AT2R ligands that are undergoing development for clinical use. The present review highlights the controversial aspects and gaps in our knowledge of this receptor and illuminates future perspectives for AT2R research. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) is now regarded as a fully functional and important component of the renin-angiotensin system, with the potential of exerting protective actions in a variety of diseases. This review provides an in-depth view of the AT2R, which has progressed from being an enigma to becoming a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Muscha Steckelings
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert E Widdop
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Lizelle Lubbe
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Tahir Hussain
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Elena Kaschina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Thomas Unger
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Anders Hallberg
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Robert M Carey
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
| | - Colin Sumners
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark (U.M.S.); Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (R.E.W.); Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (E.D.S., L.L.); Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (T.H.); Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular-Metabolic-Renal (CMR) Research Center, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin, Germany (E.K.); CARIM - School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, The Netherlands (T.U.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (A.H.); Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (R.M.C.); and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (C.S.)
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10
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Bianchi L, Altera A, Barone V, Bonente D, Bacci T, De Benedetto E, Bini L, Tosi GM, Galvagni F, Bertelli E. Untangling the Extracellular Matrix of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane: A Path Winding among Structure, Interactomics and Translational Medicine. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162531. [PMID: 36010606 PMCID: PMC9406781 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERMs) are fibrocellular sheets of tissue that develop at the vitreoretinal interface. The iERMs consist of cells and an extracellular matrix (ECM) formed by a complex array of structural proteins and a large number of proteins that regulate cell–matrix interaction, matrix deposition and remodelling. Many components of the ECM tend to produce a layered pattern that can influence the tractional properties of the membranes. We applied a bioinformatics approach on a list of proteins previously identified with an MS-based proteomic analysis on samples of iERM to report the interactome of some key proteins. The performed pathway analysis highlights interactions occurring among ECM molecules, their cell receptors and intra- or extracellular proteins that may play a role in matrix biology in this special context. In particular, integrin β1, cathepsin B, epidermal growth factor receptor, protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2 and prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 are key hubs in the outlined protein–protein cross-talks. A section on the biomarkers that can be found in the vitreous humor of patients affected by iERM and that can modulate matrix deposition is also presented. Finally, translational medicine in iERM treatment has been summed up taking stock of the techniques that have been proposed for pharmacologic vitreolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bianchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altera
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena De Benedetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Doersch KM, Barnett D, Chase A, Johnston D, Gabrielsen JS. The contribution of the immune system to genitourinary fibrosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:765-778. [PMID: 35531654 PMCID: PMC9134766 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases of the genitourinary tract are devastating and incompletely understood pathologies. These diseases include urethral and ureteral strictures, retroperitoneal fibrosis, and Peyronie's disease. They can contribute to obstructive uropathy and sexual dysfunction. Poor understanding of the pathophysiology of these diseases severely limits our ability to prevent and treat them. Genitourinary fibrotic diseases likely represent related pathologies that share common underlying mechanisms involving wound healing in response to injury. These diseases share the common feature of extracellular matrix abnormalities-such as collagen deposition, transforming growth factor-β accumulation, and dysregulation of collagen maturation-leading to abnormal tissue stiffness. Given the association of many of these diseases with autoimmunity, a systemic pro-inflammatory state likely contributes to their associated fibrogenesis. Herein, we explore the immunologic contribution to fibrogenesis in several fibrotic diseases of the genitourinary system. Better understanding how the immune system contributes to fibrosis in these diseases may improve prevention and therapeutic strategies and elucidate the functions of immunologic contributors to fibrosis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Doersch
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Barnett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of
Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Abbie Chase
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Daniel Johnston
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - J Scott Gabrielsen
- Department of Urology, University of
Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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12
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Poll BG, Chen L, Chou CL, Raghuram V, Knepper MA. Landscape of GPCR expression along the mouse nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F50-F68. [PMID: 34029142 PMCID: PMC8321805 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00077.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney transport and other renal functions are regulated by multiple G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed along the renal tubule. The rapid, recent appearance of comprehensive unbiased gene expression data in the various renal tubule segments, chiefly RNA sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data, has provided a means of identifying patterns of GPCR expression along the renal tubule. To allow for comprehensive mapping, we first curated a comprehensive list of GPCRs in the genomes of mice, rats, and humans (https://hpcwebapps.cit.nih.gov/ESBL/Database/GPCRs/) using multiple online data sources. We used this list to mine segment-specific and cell type-specific expression data from RNA-sequencing studies in microdissected mouse tubule segments to identify GPCRs that are selectively expressed in discrete tubule segments. Comparisons of these mapped mouse GPCRs with other omics datasets as well as functional data from isolated perfused tubule and micropuncture studies confirmed patterns of expression for well-known receptors and identified poorly studied GPCRs that are likely to play roles in the regulation of renal tubule function. Thus, we provide data resources for GPCR expression across the renal tubule, highlighting both well-known GPCRs and understudied receptors to provide guidance for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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13
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Wang F, Liu X, Yu Y, Zhang R, Li M, Ding Y, Xi S, Jiang J, Chen C, Wang Z, Wei P, Mei J. Decellularized kidney scaffold alters the healing response in chronic renal failure. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2101-2110. [PMID: 34060692 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized (DC) kidney scaffold shows great potential for renal recovering. Our study explored the effect of the DC kidney scaffolds treating on chronic renal failure (CRF) through grafting them on 5/6 nephrectomized (5/6 Nx) rat kidneys compared with gelatin sponges covered the incision edges. Blood urea nitrogen and angiotensin II were significantly lower in most time in scaffold-grafted groups. Remnant kidney tumor necrosis factor-α and fibroblast growth factor in scaffold-grafted groups significantly reduced in majority of time points compared with controls. But platelet-derived growth factor-BB showed a different varied tendency, first higher in scaffold groups on week 2, 4, 6, but lower on week 8, finally no difference on week 12 compared with gelatin-sponge groups. In addition, the index of glomerular sclerosis was significantly lesser in scaffold-grafted groups, and, the accumulation of collagen III and collagen IV decreased in scaffold-grafted groups on week 6, 8, 12 compared with gelatin-sponge groups. Moreover, DC scaffolds enhanced the expression of CD133 on week 2, 6, 8, 12. In conclusion, DC kidney scaffold altered the healing response after 5/6 nephrectomy and ameliorated renal injury to some degree. Therefore, DC kidney scaffold could be a promising therapeutic method on CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Wang
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai 6th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Miaozhong Li
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Hand surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuqiang Ding
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xi
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Junqun Jiang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Hand surgery, Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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14
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Wendt R, He T, Latosinska A, Siwy J, Mischak H, Beige J. Proteomic characterization of obesity-related nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:684-692. [PMID: 32905225 PMCID: PMC7467596 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephropathy related to obesity lacks a pathophysiological understanding and definite diagnostic pathways by biomarkers. Methods In this study we investigated the association between urinary peptides and body mass index (BMI) and renal function in proteome data sets from 4015 individuals. Results A total of 365 urinary peptides were identified to be significantly associated with BMI. The majority of these peptides were collagen fragments. In addition, most of the peptides also demonstrated a significant concordant association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the investigated cohort, with the presence of diabetes exhibiting no significant association. A new classifier was developed, based on 150 urinary peptides, that enabled the distinction of non-obese subjects with preserved kidney function from obese, non-diabetic subjects with eGFR >45 mL/min/1.73 m2 in an independent cohort, with an area under the curve of 0.93. Conclusions On a molecular level, the data strongly suggest a link between obesity and fibrosis, which may be a major cause of obesity-related nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Wendt
- Department of Nephrology and Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation Renal Unit, Hospital St Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tianlin He
- Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Beige
- Department of Nephrology and Kuratorium for Dialysis and Transplantation Renal Unit, Hospital St Georg, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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15
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Regoli M, Tosi GM, Neri G, Altera A, Orazioli D, Bertelli E. The Peculiar Pattern of Type IV Collagen Deposition in Epiretinal Membranes. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 68:149-162. [PMID: 31858878 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419897258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic epiretinal membranes are sheets of tissue that develop in the vitreoretinal interface. They are formed by cells and extracellular matrix, and they are considered the expression of a fibrotic disorder of the eye. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy of the extracellular matrix of excised membranes, revealed high contents of type IV collagen. It was distributed within epiretinal membranes in basement membrane-like structures associated with cells and in interstitial deposits. In both cases, type IV collagen was always associated with type I collagen. Col IV was also coupled with Col VI and laminin. At high magnification, type IV collagen immunolabelling was associated with interstitial deposits and showed a reticular appearance due to the intersection of beaded microfilaments. The microfilaments are about 12 nm in diameter with interbead distance of 30-40 nm. Cells of the epiretinal membranes showed intracellular lysosome-like bodies heavily labeled for type IV collagen suggesting an active role in membrane remodeling. Hence, type IV collagen is not necessarily always associated with basement membranes; the molecular interactions that it may develop when not incorporated in basement membranes are still unknown. It is conceivable, however, that they might have implications in the progression of epiretinal membranes and other fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marì Regoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Altera
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Orazioli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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16
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Wakashima T, Tanaka T, Fukui K, Komoda Y, Shinozaki Y, Kobayashi H, Matsuo A, Nangaku M. JTZ-951, an HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, suppresses renal interstitial fibroblast transformation and expression of fibrosis-related factors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F14-F24. [PMID: 31630548 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00323.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Some preceding studies have provided evidence that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PH) inhibitors have therapeutic potential against tubular interstitial fibrosis (TIF). Recently, transformation of renal interstitial fibroblasts (RIFs) into α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts with loss of their hypoxia-inducible erythropoietin (EPO) expression has been hypothesized as the central mechanism responsible for TIF with renal anemia (the RIF hypothesis). These reports have suggested that HIF-PH inhibitors may suppress TIF via suppressing transformation of RIFs. However, the direct effect of HIF-PH inhibitors on transformation of RIFs has not been demonstrated because there has been no appropriate assay system. Here, we established a novel in vitro model of the transformation of RIFs. This model expresses key phenotypic changes such as transformation of RIFs accompanied by loss of their hypoxia-inducible EPO expression, as proposed by the RIF hypothesis. Using this model, we demonstrated that JTZ-951, a newly developed HIF-PH inhibitor, stabilized HIF protein in RIFs, suppressed transformation of RIFs, and maintained their hypoxia-inducible EPO expression. JTZ-951 also suppressed the expression of FGF2, FGF7, and FGF18, which are upregulated during transformation of RIFs. Furthermore, expression of Fgf2, Fgf7, and Fgf18 was correlated with TIF in an animal model of TIF. We also demonstrated that not only FGF2, which is a well-known growth-promoting factor, but also FGF18 promoted proliferation of RIFs. These data suggest that JTZ-951 has therapeutic potential against TIF with renal anemia. Furthermore, FGF2, FGF7, and FGF18, which faithfully reflect the anti-TIF effects of JTZ-951, have potential as TIF biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Wakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Komoda
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Shinozaki
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hatsue Kobayashi
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuo
- Biological and Pharmacological Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco, Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Bülow RD, Boor P. Extracellular Matrix in Kidney Fibrosis: More Than Just a Scaffold. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:643-661. [PMID: 31116062 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419849388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is the common histological end-point of progressive, chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) regardless of the underlying etiology. The hallmark of renal fibrosis, similar to all other organs, is pathological deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal ECM is a complex network of collagens, elastin, and several glycoproteins and proteoglycans forming basal membranes and interstitial space. Several ECM functions beyond providing a scaffold and organ stability are being increasingly recognized, for example, in inflammation. ECM composition is determined by the function of each of the histological compartments of the kidney, that is, glomeruli, tubulo-interstitium, and vessels. Renal ECM is a dynamic structure undergoing remodeling, particularly during fibrosis. From a clinical perspective, ECM proteins are directly involved in several rare renal diseases and indirectly in CKD progression during renal fibrosis. ECM proteins could serve as specific non-invasive biomarkers of fibrosis and scaffolds in regenerative medicine. The gold standard and currently only specific means to measure renal fibrosis is renal biopsy, but new diagnostic approaches are appearing. Here, we discuss the localization, function, and remodeling of major renal ECM components in healthy and diseased, fibrotic kidneys and the potential use of ECM in diagnostics of renal fibrosis and in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman David Bülow
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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18
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Role of the high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202842. [PMID: 30818366 PMCID: PMC6394974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator that acts as a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. Kidney fibrosis is caused by migrating inflammatory cells and kidney-resident cells. Here, we examined the role of the high-affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1 during development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type (WT) mice and BLT1 knockout (BLT1-/-) mice. We found elevated expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which generates LTB4, in the renal tubules of UUO kidneys from WT mice and BLT1-/- mice. Accumulation of immunoreactive type I collagen in WT UUO kidneys increased over time; however, the increase was less prominent in BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. Accumulation of S100A4-positive fibroblasts increased temporally in WT UUO kidneys, but was again less pronounced in-BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. The same was true of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Finally, accumulation of F4/80-positive macrophages, which secrete TGF-β, increased temporally in WT UUO and BLT1-/- UUO kidneys, but to a lesser extent in the latter. Following LTB4 stimulation in vitro, macrophages showed increased expression of mRNA encoding TGF-β/FGF-2 and Col1a1, whereas L929 fibroblasts showed increased expression of mRNA encoding α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies revealed that the area positive for type I collagen was significantly smaller in BLT1-/—BM→WT than in WT-BM→WT. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling plays a critical role in fibrosis in UUO kidneys by increasing accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Therefore, blocking BLT1 may prevent renal fibrosis.
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19
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Hwang I, Uddin MJ, Lee G, Jiang S, Pak ES, Ha H. Peroxiredoxin 3 deficiency accelerates chronic kidney injury in mice through interactions between macrophages and tubular epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 131:162-172. [PMID: 30529270 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become epidemic worldwide. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress is an important mediator of CKD, and Prx3 plays a critical role in maintenance of mitochondrial ROS. The present study examined the role of Prx3 in the context of fibrosis, a common feature of CKD, using Prx3 KO mice under obstructive and diabetic stress. Prx3 deficiency accelerated fibrosis and inflammation accompanied by mitochondrial oxidative stress in obstructed and diabetic kidneys as well as in proximal tubular epithelial (mProx) cells. In addition, Prx3 deficiency induced Raw264.7 macrophages activation, leading to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. Conditioned media from LPS-stimulated Prx3 deficient macrophages accelerated proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines in mProx cells. Interestingly, Prx3 deficiency induced most inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines at basal condition in both tissues and cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Prx3 deficiency can accelerate CKD through interactions between macrophages and tubular epithelial cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arginase/genetics
- Arginase/metabolism
- Cell Communication
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Fibronectins/genetics
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules/pathology
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Primary Cell Culture
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/chemically induced
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Inah Hwang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayoung Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Songling Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seon Pak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Pontillo C, Jacobs L, Staessen JA, Schanstra JP, Rossing P, Heerspink HJL, Siwy J, Mullen W, Vlahou A, Mischak H, Vanholder R, Zürbig P, Jankowski J. A urinary proteome-based classifier for the early detection of decline in glomerular filtration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1510-1516. [PMID: 27387473 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression is currently assessed by a decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and/or an increase in urinary albumin excretion (UAE). However, these markers are considered either to be late-stage markers or to have low sensitivity or specificity. In this study, we investigated the performance of the urinary proteome-based classifier CKD273, compared with UAE, in a number of different narrow ranges of CKD severity, with each range separated by an eGFR of 10 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . Methods A total of 2672 patients with different CKD stages were included in the study. Of these, 394 individuals displayed a decline in eGFR of >5 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year (progressors) and the remaining individuals were considered non-progressors. For all samples, UAE values and CKD273 classification scores were obtained. To assess UAE values and CKD273 scores at different disease stages, the cohort was divided according to baseline eGFRs of ≥80, 70-79, 60-69, 50-59, 40-49, 30-39 and <29 mL/min/1.73 m 2 . In addition, areas under the curve for CKD273 and UAE were calculated. Results In early stage CKD, the urinary proteome-based classifier performed significantly better than UAE in detecting progressors. In contrast, UAE performed better in patients with late-stage CKD. No significant difference in performance was found between CKD273 and UAE in patients with moderately reduced renal function. Conclusions These results suggest that urinary peptides, as combined in the CKD273 classifier, allow the detection of progressive CKD at early stages, a point where therapeutic intervention is more likely to be effective. However, late-stage disease, where irreversible damage of the kidney is already present, is better detected by UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pontillo
- Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hanover, Germany.,Charité-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lotte Jacobs
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,R&D VitaK Group, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P Schanstra
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Inserm U1048, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.,University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiddo J L Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Harald Mischak
- Mosaiques Diagnostics, Hanover, Germany.,University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ray Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Joachim Jankowski
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Garrett N, Pombo J, Umpierrez M, Clark JE, Simmons M, Girardi G. Pravastatin therapy during preeclampsia prevents long-term adverse health effects in mice. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120147. [PMID: 29669946 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), associates with long-term increased risk for cardiovascular disease in women, suggesting that PE is not an isolated disease of pregnancy. It is not known if increased risk for long-term diseases is due to PE-specific factors or to prepregnancy renal and cardiovascular risk factors. We used a mouse model in which a WT female with normal prepregnancy health develops PE to investigate if preeclampsia causes long-term cardiovascular consequences after pregnancy for mothers and offspring. Mothers exhibited endothelial dysfunction and hypertension after PE and had glomerular injury that not only persisted but deteriorated, leading to fibrosis. Left ventricular (LV) remodeling characterized by increased collagen deposition and MMP-9 expression and enlarged cardiomyocytes were also detected after PE. Increased LV internal wall thickness and mass, increased end diastolic and end systolic volumes, and increased stroke volume were observed after PE in the mothers. Placenta-derived bioactive factors that modulate vascular function, markers of metabolic disease, vasoconstrictor isoprostane-8, and proinflammatory mediators were increased in sera during and after a preeclamptic pregnancy in the mother. Offspring of PE mice developed endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and signs of metabolic disease. Microglia activation was increased in the neonatal brains after PE, suggesting neurogenic hypertension in offspring. Prevention of placental insufficiency with pravastatin prevented PE-associated cardiovascular complications in both mothers and offspring. In conclusion, factors that develop during PE have long-term, cardiovascular effects in the mother and offspring independent of prepregnancy risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Garrett
- Pregnancy Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's Health, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquim Pombo
- Pregnancy Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's Health, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Umpierrez
- Pregnancy Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's Health, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James E Clark
- King's College London BHF Cardiovascular Centre, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Simmons
- Pregnancy Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's Health, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermina Girardi
- Pregnancy Laboratory, Department of Women and Children's Health, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Xiao X, Liu Y, Zhong X, Liu Y, Zhou D, Xiong X, Ran J. Sevelamer hydrochloride suppresses proliferation of parathyroid cells during the early phase of chronic renal failure in rats. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017; 24:127-133. [PMID: 29278442 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM We examined the effects of sevelamer on parathyroid cell proliferation and secondary hyperparathyroidism in rats following induction of early-phase of chronic renal failure (CRF) by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). METHODS For 5 days, rats in the control group received normal food, rats in the sevelamer group (SH) received control food plus 5% sevelamer, and rats in the low protein group (LP) received low protein food. Five rats of each group were killed at baseline (day 0). All other rats were given UUO, and five rats per group were killed on days 3, 7, 14, and 28 after UUO. Changes in body weight, serum phosphorus, calcium, intact-parathyroid hormone (i-PTH), creatinine (SCr), creatinine clearance rate (CCR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24-h urinary phosphorus were determined. Parathyroid tissues were removed for histological examination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive (PCNA+) cells. RESULTS Measurement of body weight, BUN, and SCr in the controls indicated successful establishment of this model of early-phase CRF. The controls also had remarkable proliferation of PCNA+ cells beginning on day 3, but this did not occur in the SH or LP groups. After 28 days, serum phosphorus had decreased more in the SH and LP groups than in the control group, and phosphorus excretion was much greater in the control group than in the SH and LP groups. The three groups had similar increases in serum i-PTH. CONCLUSION Sevelamer rapidly lowered the serum phosphorus and inhibited the proliferation of PCNA+ cells in this experimental model of early-phase CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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23
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McGaraughty S, Davis-Taber RA, Zhu CZ, Cole TB, Nikkel AL, Chhaya M, Doyle KJ, Olson LM, Preston GM, Grinnell CM, Salte KM, Giamis AM, Luo Y, Sun V, Goodearl AD, Gopalakrishnan M, Lacy SE. Targeting Anti-TGF- β Therapy to Fibrotic Kidneys with a Dual Specificity Antibody Approach. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3616-3626. [PMID: 28827403 PMCID: PMC5698069 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of a therapeutic agent to a site of pathology to ameliorate disease while limiting exposure at undesired tissues is an aspirational treatment scenario. Targeting diseased kidneys for pharmacologic treatment has had limited success. We designed an approach to target an extracellular matrix protein, the fibronectin extra domain A isoform (FnEDA), which is relatively restricted in distribution to sites of tissue injury. In a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model of renal fibrosis, injury induced significant upregulation of FnEDA in the obstructed kidney. Using dual variable domain Ig (DVD-Ig) technology, we constructed a molecule with a moiety to target FnEDA and a second moiety to neutralize TGF-β After systemic injection of the bispecific TGF-β + FnEDA DVD-Ig or an FnEDA mAb, chemiluminescent detection and imaging with whole-body single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) revealed significantly higher levels of each molecule in the obstructed kidney than in the nonobstructed kidney, the ipsilateral kidney of sham animals, and other tissues. In comparison, a systemically administered TGF-β mAb accumulated at lower concentrations in the obstructed kidney and exhibited a more diffuse whole-body distribution. Systemic administration of the bispecific DVD-Ig or the TGF-β mAb (1-10 mg/kg) but not the FnEDA mAb attenuated the injury-induced collagen deposition detected by immunohistochemistry and elevation in Col1a1, FnEDA, and TIMP1 mRNA expression in the obstructed kidney. Overall, systemic delivery of a bispecific molecule targeting an extracellular matrix protein and delivering a TGF-β mAb resulted in a relatively focal uptake in the fibrotic kidney and reduced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chang Z Zhu
- AbbVie Discovery Lake County, North Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Todd B Cole
- AbbVie Discovery Lake County, North Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | - Meha Chhaya
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Kelly J Doyle
- AbbVie Discovery Lake County, North Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Lauren M Olson
- AbbVie Discovery Lake County, North Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanping Luo
- AbbVie Discovery Lake County, North Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Victor Sun
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Susan E Lacy
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
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24
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Wu WP, Tsai YG, Lin TY, Wu MJ, Lin CY. The attenuation of renal fibrosis by histone deacetylase inhibitors is associated with the plasticity of FOXP3 +IL-17 + T cells. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:225. [PMID: 28693431 PMCID: PMC5504832 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, which has potential effects on epigenetic modifications, had been reported to attenuate renal fibrosis. CD4+ forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)+ T regulatory (Treg) cells may be converted to inflammation-associated T helper 17 cells (Th17) with tissue fibrosis properties. The association between FOXP3+IL-17+ T cells and the attenuation of renal fibrosis by the HDAC inhibitor is not clear. METHODS This study evaluated the roles of the HDAC inhibitor, Treg cells and their differentiation into Th17 cells, which aggravate chronic inflammation and renal fibrosis in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. The study groups included control and UUO mice that were monitored for 7, 14 or 21 days. RESULTS Juxtaglomerular (JG) hyperplasia, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) expression and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in renal tissues after UUO but were decreased after trichostatin A (TSA) treatment, a HDAC inhibitor. The number of CD4+FOXP3+ T cells increased progressively, along with the number of FOXP3+interleukin (IL)-17+ T cells, after 14 days, and their numbers then progressively decreased with increasing CD4+IL-17+ T cell numbers, as demonstrated by double immunohistochemistry. Progressive renal fibrosis was associated with the loss of CD4+FOXP3+IL-17+ T cells in splenic single-cell suspensions. FOXP3+IL-17+ T cells expressed TGF-β1 both in vitro and in vivo, and TGF-β1 expression was significantly knockdown by IL-17 siRNA in vitro. These cells were found to play a role in converting Tregs into IL-17- and TGF-β1-producing cells. CONCLUSIONS TSA treatment decreased JG hyperplasia, the percentage of FOXP3+IL-17+ cells and the degree of fibrosis, suggesting that therapeutic benefits may result from epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pyng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Ching Chyuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Giien Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No. 1650, Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Yuang Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Clinical Immunological Center, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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25
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Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates the epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46065. [PMID: 28378840 PMCID: PMC5380949 DOI: 10.1038/srep46065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of mechanisms that induce renal interstitial fibrosis. Understanding EMT in renal fibrosis has important therapeutic implications for patients with kidney disease. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant properties. Studies for ALA are performed in acute kidney injury with renal tubular apoptosis, renal inflammation, and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of ALA on EMT-mediated renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO mice developed severe tubular atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, with a robust EMT response and ECM deposition after 7 postoperative days. In contrast, ALA-treated UUO mice showed only moderate injury and minimal fibrosis and also larger reductions in the expression of ECM proteins, inflammatory factors, and EMT markers. ALA was shown to be involved in the suppression of infiltrating macrophages associated with EMT and the progression of interstitial fibrosis. It also lessened the destruction of the tubular basement membrane, by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. This is the first study to show that ALA modulates EMT in a UUO mouse model. Our results suggest that ALA merits further exploration as a therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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26
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Gregorini M, Corradetti V, Rocca C, Pattonieri EF, Valsania T, Milanesi S, Serpieri N, Bedino G, Esposito P, Libetta C, Avanzini MA, Mantelli M, Ingo D, Peressini S, Albertini R, Dal Canton A, Rampino T. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Prevent Renal Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction by Suppressing the Renin-Angiotensin System via HuR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148542. [PMID: 26866372 PMCID: PMC4750962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) effects in experimental Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO), a fibrogenic renal disease. Rats were divided in 5 groups: sham, UUO, MSC treated-UUO, ACEi treated-UUO, MSC+ACEi treated- UUO. Data were collected at 1, 7, 21 days. UUO induced monocyte renal infiltration, tubular cell apoptosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis and overexpression of TGFβ, Renin mRNA (RENmRNA), increase of Renin, Angiotensin II (AII) and aldosterone serum levels. Both lisinopril (ACEi) and MSC treatment prevented monocyte infiltration, reduced tubular cell apoptosis, renal fibrosis and TGFβ expression. Combined therapy provided a further suppression of monocyte infiltration and tubular injury. Lisinopril alone caused a rebound activation of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), while MSC suppressed RENmRNA and Renin synthesis and induced a decrease of AII and aldosterone serum levels. Furthermore, in in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, MSC inhibit Human antigen R (HuR) trascription, an enhancer of RENmRNA stability by IL10 release. In conclusion, we demonstrate that in UUO MSC prevent fibrosis, by decreasing HuR-dependent RENmRNA stability. Our findings give a clue to understand the molecular mechanism through which MSC may prevent fibrosis in a wide and heterogeneous number of diseases that share RAS activation as common upstream pathogenic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Gregorini
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valeria Corradetti
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Rocca
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Francesca Pattonieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Valsania
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Samantha Milanesi
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Serpieri
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Bedino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Pasquale Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Libetta
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Melissa Mantelli
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Ingo
- Laboratory of Transplant Immunology/Cell Factory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Peressini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Albertini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Dal Canton
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rampino
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Atkinson JM, Pullen N, Da Silva-Lodge M, Williams L, Johnson TS. Inhibition of Thrombin-Activated Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Increases Survival in Experimental Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1925-37. [PMID: 25411467 PMCID: PMC4520161 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014030303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled diabetes, inflammation, and hypertension are key contributors to progressive renal fibrosis and subsequent loss of renal function. Reduced fibrinolysis appears to be a feature of ESRD, but its contribution to the fibrotic program has not been extensively studied. Here, we show that in patients with CKD, the activity levels of serum thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor and plasmin strongly correlated with the degree of renal function impairment. We made similar observations in rats after subtotal nephrectomy and tested whether pharmacologic inhibition of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor with UK-396082 could reduce renal fibrosis and improve renal function. Compared with untreated animals, UK-396082-treated animals had reduced glomerular and tubulointerstitial fibrosis after subtotal nephrectomy. Renal function, as measured by an increase in creatinine clearance, was maintained and the rate of increase in proteinuria was reduced in UK-396082-treated animals. Furthermore, cumulative survival improved from 16% to 80% with inhibition of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor. Taken together, these data support the importance of the fibrinolytic axis in regulating renal fibrosis and point to a potentially important therapeutic role for suppression of thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Atkinson
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; UCB Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Berkshire, United Kingdom; and
| | - Nick Pullen
- Pfizer Global Research Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Da Silva-Lodge
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Williams
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tim S Johnson
- Sheffield Kidney Institute & Academic Nephrology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; UCB Celltech Pharmaceuticals, Berkshire, United Kingdom; and
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da Silva AF, Silva K, Reis LA, Teixeira VPC, Schor N. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Conditioned Medium Attenuate Fibrosis in an Irreversible Model of Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Cell Transplant 2015; 24:2657-66. [PMID: 25695732 DOI: 10.3727/096368915x687534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their conditioned medium (MSC-CM) has been extensively studied. MSCs can repair tissue, reduce local inflammation, and modulate the immune response. Persistent renal tubular interstitial inflammation results in fibrosis and leads to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a very well-accepted renal fibrosis model. In this study, we evaluated factors influenced by the administration of MSCs or MSC-CM in the UUO model. MSCs extracted from rat bone marrow were cultivated in vitro and characterized by flow cytometry and cellular differentiation. Eight groups of female rats were used in experiments (n = 7, each), including Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC (obstruction + MSC), and UUO + CM (obstruction + MSC-CM) for 7 days of obstruction and Sham, UUO, UUO + MSC, and UUO + CM for 14 days of obstruction. The MSCs or MSC-CM was administered via the abdominal vena cava after total ligation of the left ureter. After 7 or 14 days, rats were euthanized, and serum and obstructed kidney samples were collected. MSCs or MSC-CM decreased the expression of molecules, such as Col1a1, α-SMA, and TNF-α. We also observed reductions in the levels of caspase 3, α-SMA, and PCNA in treated animals by immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that the intravenous administration of MSCs or MSC-CM improves fibrosis progression and factors involved in apoptosis, inflammation, cell proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in Wistar rats subjected to UUO, indicating a potential tool for preventing CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei F da Silva
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Abstract
Tubulointerstitial (TI) fibrosis is a final common pathway to progressive renal injury of all forms of renal disease. However, once renal damage reaches a certain threshold, progression of renal disease is consistent, irreversible, and largely independent of the initial injury. Angiotensin (AT) II is the main effector of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and effects that may contribute to the onset and progression of renal damage. AT II may also directly contribute to accelerate renal damage by sustaining cell growth, inflammation, and fibrosis. Interventions that inhibit the activity of the RAS are renoprotective and may retard or even halt the progression of chronic nephropathies. Unilateral ureteral obstruction suggested as a well-established experimental model of progressive interstitial expansion and fibrosis. Although technically challenging, some investigators have successfully relieved the obstruction and reported significant reduction in interstitial fibrosis severity. Drugs that modulate the RAS, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonists, have demonstrated protective renal effects and can ameliorate fibrosis. However, neither ACE inhibitor nor AT1 receptor blockade completely suppresses progression of renal disease. Dual blockade of the RAS with ACE inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers may provide renal benefit beyond therapy with either drug alone, due to their potential additive beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Wook Koo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Sakuraya K, Endo A, Someya T, Hirano D, Murano Y, Fujinaga S, Ohtomo Y, Shimizu T. The Synergistic Effect of Mizoribine and a Direct Renin Inhibitor, Aliskiren, on Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Induced Renal Fibrosis in Rats. J Urol 2014; 191:1139-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sakuraya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amane Endo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonosuke Someya
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daishi Hirano
- Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yayoi Murano
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Fujinaga
- Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtomo
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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The extracellular matrix in the kidney: a source of novel non-invasive biomarkers of kidney fibrosis? FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2014; 7:4. [PMID: 24678881 PMCID: PMC3986639 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is the common endpoint of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to kidney failure. The clinical course of many renal diseases, and thereby of CKD, is highly variable. One of the major challenges in deciding which treatment approach is best suited for a patient but also in the development of new treatments is the lack of markers able to identify and stratify patients with stable versus progressive disease. At the moment renal biopsy is the only means of diagnosing renal interstitial fibrosis. Novel biomarkers should improve diagnosis of a disease, estimate its prognosis and assess the response to treatment, all in a non-invasive manner. Existing markers of CKD do not fully and specifically address these requirements and in particular do not specifically reflect renal fibrosis. The aim of this review is to give an insight of the involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in kidney diseases and as a source of potential novel biomarkers of renal fibrosis. In particular the use of the protein fingerprint technology, that identifies neo-epitopes of ECM proteins generated by proteolytic cleavage by proteases or other post-translational modifications, might identify such novel biomarkers of renal fibrosis.
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Heterozygous disruption of activin receptor–like kinase 1 is associated with increased renal fibrosis in a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2014; 85:319-32. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Liang J, Tian S, Han J, Xiong P. Resveratrol as a therapeutic agent for renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Ren Fail 2013; 36:285-91. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2013.844644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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34
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Zhang C, Lu Y, Tong QQ, Zhang L, Guan YF, Wang SJ, Xing ZH. Effect of stachydrine on endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis in rat kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2013; 15:373-381. [PMID: 23464629 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2013.769964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed at determining the effect of stachydrine on the PERK, CHOP, and caspase-3 in rat kidney with RIF. Rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, enalapril group, high stachydrine group, medium stachydrine group, and low stachydrine group. RIF models of five groups were developed by unilateral ureteral obstruction except the control group. The rats were sacrificed 12 days after surgery and blood samples were collected. Serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were detected. Renal tubular damage index was determined by HE staining. The area percentage of RIF was determined by the Masson method. Expressions of PERK, CHOP, and caspase-3 in kidney were determined by immunohistochemistry. Tubulointerstitial injury index, RIF, serum Scr, BUN level, and expressions of PERK, CHOP, and caspase-3 were different between the model and treatment groups (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). The expressions of PERK, CHOP, and caspase-3 in nephridial tissue were reduced (P < 0.05), tubulointerstitial injury and RIF were reduced (P < 0.05), and Scr and BUN were lower (P < 0.05) in the high stachydrine group than those in the enalapril group. The expressions of PERK, CHOP, and caspase-3 were reduced in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis pathway after stachydrine treatment. Consequently, apoptosis was prevented, and RIF was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
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35
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Shokeir AA, Hussein AAM, Soliman SA, Kamal MM, Abdel-Aziz A, Awadalla A, Rahim MA, Barakat N. Recoverability of renal functions after relief of partial ureteric obstruction of solitary kidney: impact of ferulic acid. BJU Int 2012; 110:904-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2011.10848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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36
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Kim J, Padanilam BJ. Loss of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 attenuates renal fibrosis and inflammation during unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 301:F450-9. [PMID: 21613422 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00059.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) contributes to necrotic cell death and inflammation in several disease models; however, the role of PARP1 in fibrogenesis remains to be defined. Here, we tested whether PARP1 was involved in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis using the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mouse model. UUO was performed by ligation of the left ureter near the renal pelvis in Parp1-knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) male mice. After 10 days of UUO, renal PARP1 expression and activation were strongly increased by 6- and 13-fold, respectively. Interstitial fibrosis induced by UUO was significantly attenuated in Parp1-KO kidneys compared with that in WT kidneys at 10 days, but not at 3 days, based on collagen deposition, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and fibronectin expression. Intriguingly, the UUO kidneys in Parp1-KO mice showed a dramatic decrease in infiltration of neutrophil and reduction in expression of proinflammatory proteins including intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and toll-like receptor 4 as well as phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65, but not transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) at both 3 and 10 days. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP1 in rat renal interstitial fibroblast (NRK-49F) cell line or genetic ablation in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast cells did not affect TGF-β1-induced de novo α-SMA expression. Parp1 deficiency significantly attenuated UUO-induced histological damage in the kidney tubular cells, but not apoptosis. These data suggest that PARP1 induces necrotic cell death and contributes to inflammatory signaling pathways that trigger fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinu Kim
- Dept. of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Univ. of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198-5850, USA
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miR-200b precursor can ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13614. [PMID: 21049046 PMCID: PMC2963611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the miR-200 family of micro RNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT of tubular epithelial cells is the mechanism by which renal fibroblasts are generated. Here we show that miR-200 family members inhibit transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced EMT of tubular cells. Unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) is a common model of EMT of tubular cells and subsequent tubulointerstitial fibrosis. In order to examine the role of miR-200 family members in tubulointerstitial fibrosis, their expression was investigated in the kidneys of UUO mice. The expression of miR-200 family miRNAs was increased in a time-dependent manner, with induction of miR-200b most pronounced. To clarify the effect of miR-200b on tubulointerstitial fibrosis, we injected miR-200b precursor intravenously. A single injection of 0.5 nM miR-200b precursor was sufficient to inhibit the increase of collagen types I, III and fibronectin in obstructed kidneys, and amelioration of fibrosis was confirmed by observation of the kidneys with Azan staining. miR-200 family members have been previously shown to inhibit EMT by reducing the expression of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2 which are known repressors of E-cadherin. We demonstrated that expression of ZEB-1 and ZEB-2 was increased after ureter obstruction and that administration of the miR-200b precursor reversed this effect. In summary, these results indicate that miR-200 family is up-regulated after ureter obstruction, miR-200b being strongly induced, and that miR-200b ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in obstructed kidneys. We suggest that members of the miR-200 family, and miR-200b specifically, might constitute novel therapeutic targets in kidney disease.
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38
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Dendooven A, Ishola DA, Nguyen TQ, Van der Giezen DM, Kok RJ, Goldschmeding R, Joles JA. Oxidative stress in obstructive nephropathy. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 92:202-10. [PMID: 20804541 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) is one of the most commonly applied rodent models to study the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis. This model reflects important aspects of inflammation and fibrosis that are prominent in human kidney diseases. In this review, we present an overview of the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of UUO, highlighting the role of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Dendooven
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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39
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Wu WP, Chang CH, Chiu YT, Ku CL, Wen MC, Shu KH, Wu MJ. A reduction of unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by a therapy combining valsartan with aliskiren. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 299:F929-41. [PMID: 20685818 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00192.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protective effect of combination therapy with valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis remains to be defined. This study was undertaken to examine the protective effects of the combination of valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Combination therapy with valsartan (15 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and aliskiren (10 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), valsartan monotherapy (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), and aliskiren monotherapy (20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) all significantly ameliorated the increase in blood urea nitrogen and the degree of hydronephrosis determined by the increase in weight and length of the obstructed kidney. The dose titration study and blood pressure measurement confirmed that the combination therapy provided a greater benefit independent of the vasodilatory effect. There were no significant changes in serum levels of creatinine, sodium, and potassium in UUO rats and any treatment groups. Combination therapy also attenuated UUO-related increases in the scores of tubular dilatation, interstitial volume, interstitial collagen deposition, α-smooth muscle actin, the activation of ERK 1/2, the infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, the mRNA expression of snail-1, and transforming growth factor-β1 to a greater extent compared with aliskiren or valsartan used alone. The mRNA expression of renin and the (pro)renin receptor significantly increased after UUO. Combination therapy and monotherapy of valsartan and aliskiren had a comparable enhancing effect on the mRNA expression of renin, whereas all these treatments did not affect the expression of the (pro)renin receptor. In conclusion, a direct renin inhibitor in conjunction with an angiotensin II receptor blocker exerts increased renal protection against renal fibrosis and inflammation during obstruction over either agent alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Pyng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, China
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40
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Ureteral obstruction as a model of renal interstitial fibrosis and obstructive nephropathy. Kidney Int 2009; 75:1145-1152. [DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 662] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Cell-populated floating collagen lattices: an in vitro model of parenchymal contraction. Methods Mol Biol 2009. [PMID: 19148609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-352-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The pathology of progressive renal disease is characterized by glomerular and interstitial inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. This is a consequence of excessive matrix synthesis, reduced matrix degradation, and contraction (reorganization) of extracellular matrix. Fibroblasts, and to a lesser degree, other mesenchymal cells, are known to contribute to renal scar formation through local proliferation, synthesis, and reorganization of matrix proteins. Although much work has focused on the balance between collagen synthesis and degradation, the mechanisms of parenchymal collapse and contraction are becoming increasingly important. Like their counterparts in the skin, the contractile properties of renal fibroblasts are now well recognized. This chapter details an in vitro method for studying the contraction of collagens by homogeneous populations of cultured cells. The method can be altered so that reagents influencing this process may also be studied.
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Suskind A, Hayner-Buchan A, Feustel PJ, Kogan BA. Fibrosis correlates with detailed histological analysis of human undescended testes. BJU Int 2008; 101:1441-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.07406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Metcalfe PD, Leslie JA, Campbell MT, Meldrum DR, Hile KL, Meldrum KK. Testosterone exacerbates obstructive renal injury by stimulating TNF-alpha production and increasing proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E435-43. [PMID: 18073317 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00704.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Upper urinary tract obstruction is a common cause of renal dysfunction in children and adults. While there is clinical evidence of an increased male incidence and mortality rate with acute renal failure, the effect of gender and testosterone on obstructive renal injury has not previously been evaluated. We hypothesized that testosterone exacerbates proinflammatory TNF-alpha production and proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling during renal obstruction, resulting in increased apoptotic cell death and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. To study this, male, female, castrated male, and testosterone-treated oophorectomized female rats were subjected to sham operation or 3 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Renal cortical tissue was then analyzed for TNF-alpha production; proapoptotic caspase-8, -9, and -3 activity; apoptotic cell death; profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta1 production; and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression. In a separate arm, glomerular filtration rate (inulin clearance) was measured in rats pre- and post-UUO. Male and testosterone-treated oophorectomized female rats demonstrated a significant increase in TNF-alpha production, caspase activity, apoptotic cell death, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and renal dysfunction during UUO compared with castrated males and normal female rats subjected to the same time course of obstruction. These results demonstrate that endogenous testosterone production in normal male rats and testosterone exogenously administered to oophorectomized females significantly increases TNF production and proapoptotic and profibrotic signaling during renal obstruction, resulting in increased apoptotic cell death, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Metcalfe
- Departments of Urology and Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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44
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Shirazi M, Noorafshan A, Kroup M, Tanideh N. Comparison of the effects of captopril, tamoxifen and L-carnitine on renal structure and fibrosis after total unilateral ureteral obstruction in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 41:91-7. [PMID: 17454945 DOI: 10.1080/00365590600917974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of captopril, tamoxifen and L-carnitine on renal structure and the collagen content of the unilateral obstructed kidney in the rat using unbiased stereological methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats (n=25) were assigned equally to one of five groups after ligation of the ureter: (i) normal controls (no hydronephrosis); (ii) positive controls (hydronephrotic rats without drug treatment); (iii) hydronephrotic rat with captopril treatment (CAP); (iv) hydronephrotic rats with L-carnitine treatment (L-CAR); and (v) hydronephrotic rats with tamoxifen treatment (TAM). Two weeks after unilateral ureteral obstruction the kidney was removed and histological sections were prepared. The kidney volume and the fractional volumes and absolute amounts of the cortex, medulla, tubules, renal corpuscles, vessels and fibrous tissue were determined using modern stereological techniques. RESULTS Kidney volume increased in the CAP group in comparison with the other groups. The absolute volume of the tubules was the same in the CAP group compared to the normal control group. However, in the other experimental groups, the amount of tubules decreased. The absolute volumes of the renal corpuscles and vessels did not show any significant differences between groups. The absolute volume of fibrous tissue showed significant increases in all groups in comparison with the normal controls. There were no differences in the absolute amounts of fibrous tissue between the positive control, CAP and L-CAR groups, but in the TAM group the collagen content was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Captopril preserved the amount of renal tubules and tamoxifen decreased fibrous tissue formation in unilateral obstructed kidneys but there were no differences in other hydronephrotic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Shirazi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiaz, Iran
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45
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Xia Z, Abe K, Furusu A, Miyazaki M, Obata Y, Tabata Y, Koji T, Kohno S. Suppression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by small interfering RNA targeting heat shock protein 47. Am J Nephrol 2007; 28:34-46. [PMID: 17890856 DOI: 10.1159/000108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) is a well-established model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. During the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis, upregulation of collagen synthesis and subsequent accumulation of collagen were observed in the tubulointerstitial area. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone and plays an essential role in regulating collagen synthesis. We designed small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences for HSP47 mRNA to examine whether HSP47 is involved in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a mouse UUO model. METHODS The HSP47 siRNA was injected once via the ureter at the time of UUO preparation. We also applied a new gene delivery system for siRNA using cationized gelatin microspheres. The kidneys were harvested 7 and 14 days after UUO. The HSP47 and type I, III, and IV collagen expression levels were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS Seven days after UUO, the expression levels of HSP47 and type I, III, and IV collagens were markedly upregulated in obstructed kidneys or green fluorescent protein siRNA treated obstructed kidneys. HSP47 siRNA injection significantly reduced the protein expression levels and significantly diminished the accompanying interstitial fibrosis. Moreover, cationized gelatin microspheres as a delivery system enhanced and lengthened the antifibrotic effect of HSP47 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HSP47 is a candidate target for the prevention of tubulointerstitial fibrosis and that selective blockade of the HSP47 expression by using siRNA could be a potentially useful therapeutic approach for patients with renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyin Xia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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46
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Cohen T, Loutochin O, Amin M, Capolicchio JP, Goodyer P, Jednak R. PAX2 is reactivated in urinary tract obstruction and partially protects collecting duct cells from programmed cell death. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 292:F1267-73. [PMID: 17164400 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00281.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstruction of the urinary tract activates apoptotic pathways in collecting duct cells and leads to loss of renal parenchyma before surgical intervention. It has been suggested that developmental pathways may be reactivated to offset acute organ damage. One such molecule, PAX2, is expressed throughout the fetal collecting duct and was recently shown to suppress apoptosis during kidney development. We hypothesized that acute unilateral urinary tract obstruction (UUO) reactivates PAX2 expression in the mature kidney and partially suppresses apoptosis. If so, animals with PAX2 mutations should have increased susceptibility to parenchymal damage. Wild-type and heterozygous Pax2 mutant (C3H/Pax2(1Neu)) mice underwent unilateral ureteric ligation or sham operation at 6 wk of age; kidneys were examined after 5, 10, and 15 days. Whereas PAX2 protein levels fell to low levels in the first weeks of life, it was sharply reactivated by day 10 in collecting duct cells of wild-type but not in Pax2(1Neu) mutant mice with UUO. Wild-type mice with UUO had marked TUNEL and cleaved spectrin staining in tubular cells and reduced kidney weight after 10-15 days. Mutant mice had exaggerated increases in markers of apoptosis and exaggerated loss of renal parenchymal loss in the obstructed kidney. These observations suggest that PAX2 is rapidly reactivated in UUO and that mice with genetically limited PAX2 expression have heightened susceptibility to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Cohen
- Montreal Children's Hospital, 2300 Tupper St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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47
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Kim JH, Yang JI, Jung MH, Hwa JS, Kang KR, Kang KR, Park DJ, Roh GS, Cho GJ, Choi WS, Chang SH. Heme oxygenase-1 protects rat kidney from ureteral obstruction via an antiapoptotic pathway. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17:1373-81. [PMID: 16597687 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2005091001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the functional significance of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on renal injury induced by ureteral obstruction in the rat kidney. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups, after which unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed: untreated (group 1), treated with 30 mg/kg body wt hemin (group 2), and treated with 50 microg/kg body wt zinc (alpha) protoporphyrin eta (ZnPP) and 30 mg/kg hemin (group 3). After 7 and 14 d, histologic changes and the expression of HO-1, Bcl-2, Bad, TGF-beta, and cleaved caspase-3 were examined. Tubular lumens were dilated and epithelial cells were flattened on day 7 after UUO. Interstitial fibrosis and separation of the tubules were markedly increased on day 14. In contrast, the kidneys that were treated with hemin exhibited minimal interstitial fibrosis and flattening of epithelial cells on day 7 and fewer changes on day 14 than in the controls. However, treatment with ZnPP, an inhibitor of HO enzyme activity, eliminated the beneficial effect of hemin on interstitial fibrosis and tubular dilation. Increased HO-1 expression was associated with increased Bcl-2. In the ZnPP-treated rats, Bcl-2 signals were decreased compared with the hemin group. The level of proapoptotic Bad was not changed in any group. The positive cells for cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased in renal tubular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial cells in the obstructed rats, and hemin treatment decreased the caspase-3 activation. This study demonstrates that upregulation of HO-1 provides protection against renal injury that follows UUO. This effect is dependent on modulation of the antiapoptotic pathway by HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Chilam-dong 92, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-751, Republic of Korea
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48
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Prieto M, Rodríguez-Peña AB, Düwel A, Rivas JV, Docherty N, Pérez-Barriocanal F, Arévalo M, Vary CPH, Bernabeu C, López-Novoa JM, Eleno N. Temporal changes in renal endoglin and TGF-beta1 expression following ureteral obstruction in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2006; 61:457-67. [PMID: 16440600 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic renal disease is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins in the kidney and a loss of renal function. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis has been reported to play an important role in the progression of chronic renal diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a profibrotic cytokine playing a major contribution to fibrotic kidney disease. Endoglin is a membrane glycoprotein of the TGF-beta1 receptor system. The aim of this work was to determine the time-course expression of renal type I and IV collagens, endoglin and TGF-beta1 in a rat model of induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis at 1, 3, 10 and 17 days after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). In 17 days-ligated (L)-renal samples, a marked interstitial fibrosis was detected by Masson's trichromic and Sirius red staining, accompanied by an increase in type I collagen expression as shown by immunohistochemical analysis. Northern blot studies revealed a progressive increase in collagen alpha2(I), TGF-beta1 and endoglin mRNA expression in L kidneys when compared with the corresponding non-ligated (NL) kidneys from the animals subjected to left UUO. Seventeen days after UUO, significant increases in collagen alpha2(I), collagen alpha1(IV), TGF-beta1 and endoglin mRNA levels were detected in L kidneys vs NL kidneys. Significantly higher levels of the protein endoglin were found in L kidneys than in NL kidneys 10 and 17 days following obstruction. A marked increase expression for endoglin and TGF-beta1 was localized in renal interstitium by immunohistochemical studies 17 days after obstruction. In conclusion, this work reports the upregulation of endoglin coincident to that of its ligand TGF-beta1 in the kidneys of rats with progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prieto
- Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación Nefrológica and Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Salamanca, Spain
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49
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Kushibiki T, Nagata-Nakajima N, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y. Enhanced anti-fibrotic activity of plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for TGF-beta type II receptor for a mouse model of obstructive nephropathy by cationized gelatin prepared from different amine compounds. J Control Release 2005; 110:610-7. [PMID: 16378654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to increase the transfection efficiency of a plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA (siRNA) for transforming growth factor-beta receptor (TGF-betaR) by various cationized gelatins of non-viral carrier and evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect with a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ethylenediamine, putrescine, spermidine or spermine was chemically introduced to the carboxyl groups of gelatin for the cationization. The plasmid DNA of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector with or without complexation of each cationized gelatin was injected to the left kidney of mice via the ureter to prevent the progression of renal fibrosis of UUO mice. Irrespective of the type of cationized gelatin, the injection of plasmid DNA-cationized gelatin complex significantly decreased the renal level of TGF-betaR over-expression and the collagen content of mice kidney, in marked contrast to free plasmid DNA injection. It is concluded that retrograde injection of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector plasmid DNA complexed with the cationized gelatin is available to suppress the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Kushibiki T, Nagata-Nakajima N, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y. Delivery of plasmid DNA expressing small interference RNA for TGF-beta type II receptor by cationized gelatin to prevent interstitial renal fibrosis. J Control Release 2005; 105:318-31. [PMID: 15936840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2004] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the common pathway of chronic renal disease, while it causes end-stage renal failure. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is well recognized to be one of the primary mediators to induce accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the fibrotic area. Therefore, it is expected that local suppression of TGF-beta receptor (TGF-betaR) is one of the crucial strategies for anti-fibrotic therapy. The objective of this study is to investigate feasibility of small interference RNA (siRNA) for TGF-betaR in the selective degradation of TGF-betaR mRNAs, resulting in fibrotic inhibition. A plasmid DNA of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector with or without complexation of a cationized gelatin was injected to the left kidney of mice via the ureter. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed for the injected mice to evaluate the anti-fibrotic effect. The injection of plasmid DNA-cationized gelatin complex significantly decreased the level of TGF-betaR and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) over-expression, the collagen content of mice kidney, and the fibrotic area of renal cortex, in contrast to free plasmid DNA injection. It is concluded that retrograde injection of TGF-betaR siRNA expression vector plasmid DNA complexed with the cationized gelatin is available to suppress progression of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kushibiki
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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