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Omer MH, Shafqat A, Ahmad O, Nadri J, AlKattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Urinary Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: A Systems Biology Approach. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2339. [PMID: 38673612 PMCID: PMC11051403 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical systemic autoimmune disorder. Kidney involvement, termed lupus nephritis (LN), is seen in 40-60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). After the diagnosis, serial measurement of proteinuria is the most common method of monitoring treatment response and progression. However, present treatments for LN-corticosteroids and immunosuppressants-target inflammation, not proteinuria. Furthermore, subclinical renal inflammation can persist despite improving proteinuria. Serial kidney biopsies-the gold standard for disease monitoring-are also not feasible due to their inherent risk of complications. Biomarkers that reflect the underlying renal inflammatory process and better predict LN progression and treatment response are urgently needed. Urinary biomarkers are particularly relevant as they can be measured non-invasively and may better reflect the compartmentalized renal response in LN, unlike serum studies that are non-specific to the kidney. The past decade has overseen a boom in applying cutting-edge technologies to dissect the pathogenesis of diseases at the molecular and cellular levels. Using these technologies in LN is beginning to reveal novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LN, potentially improving patient outcomes if successfully translated to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4YS, UK;
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Juzer Nadri
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khaled AlKattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
| | - Ahmed Yaqinuddin
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (J.N.); (K.A.); (A.Y.)
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Brasileiro-Martins LM, Cavalcante SA, Nascimento TP, Silva-Neto AV, Mariano Santos MD, Camillo-Andrade AC, da Gama Fischer JDS, Ferreira CC, Oliveira LB, Sartim MA, Costa AG, Pucca MB, Wen FH, Moura-da-Silva AM, Sachett J, Carvalho PC, de Aquino PF, Monteiro WM. Urinary proteomics reveals biological processes related to acute kidney injury in Bothrops atrox envenomings. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012072. [PMID: 38536893 PMCID: PMC11020875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical systemic complication caused by Bothrops envenoming, a neglected health problem in the Brazilian Amazon. Understanding the underlying mechanisms leading to AKI is crucial for effectively mitigating the burden of this complication. This study aimed to characterize the urinary protein profile of Bothrops atrox snakebite victims who developed AKI. We analyzed three groups of samples collected on admission: healthy subjects (controls, n = 10), snakebite victims who developed AKI (AKI, n = 10), and those who did not evolve to AKI (No-AKI, n = 10). Using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we identified and quantified (label-free) 1190 proteins. A panel of 65 proteins was identified exclusively in the urine of snakebite victims, with 32 exclusives to the AKI condition. Proteins more abundant or exclusive in AKI's urine were associated with acute phase response, endopeptidase inhibition, complement cascade, and inflammation. Notable proteins include serotransferrin, SERPINA-1, alpha-1B-glycoprotein, and NHL repeat-containing protein 3. Furthermore, evaluating previously reported biomarkers candidates for AKI and renal injury, we found retinol-binding protein, beta-2-microglobulin, cystatin-C, and hepcidin to be significant in cases of AKI induced by Bothrops envenoming. This work sheds light on physiological disturbances caused by Bothrops envenoming, highlighting potential biological processes contributing to AKI. Such insights may aid in better understanding and managing this life-threatening complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisele Maria Brasileiro-Martins
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Thaís Pinto Nascimento
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Leonidas and Maria Deane Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Vilhena Silva-Neto
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marlon Dias Mariano Santos
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Amanda C. Camillo-Andrade
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marco Aurelio Sartim
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Research, Nilton Lins University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
- Nursing School, Amazonas Federal University, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Manuela B. Pucca
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Fan Hui Wen
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Costa Carvalho
- Structural and Computational Proteomics Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Department of Research, Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado Tropical Medicine Foundation, Manaus, Brazil
- School of Health Sciences, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Brazil
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Fava A, Buyon J, Magder L, Hodgin J, Rosenberg A, Demeke DS, Rao DA, Arazi A, Celia AI, Putterman C, Anolik JH, Barnas J, Dall'Era M, Wofsy D, Furie R, Kamen D, Kalunian K, James JA, Guthridge J, Atta MG, Monroy Trujillo J, Fine D, Clancy R, Belmont HM, Izmirly P, Apruzzese W, Goldman D, Berthier CC, Hoover P, Hacohen N, Raychaudhuri S, Davidson A, Diamond B, Petri M. Urine proteomic signatures of histological class, activity, chronicity, and treatment response in lupus nephritis. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172569. [PMID: 38258904 PMCID: PMC10906224 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a pathologically heterogenous autoimmune disease linked to end-stage kidney disease and mortality. Better therapeutic strategies are needed as only 30%-40% of patients completely respond to treatment. Noninvasive biomarkers of intrarenal inflammation may guide more precise approaches. Because urine collects the byproducts of kidney inflammation, we studied the urine proteomic profiles of 225 patients with LN (573 samples) in the longitudinal Accelerating Medicines Partnership in RA/SLE cohort. Urinary biomarkers of monocyte/neutrophil degranulation (i.e., PR3, S100A8, azurocidin, catalase, cathepsins, MMP8), macrophage activation (i.e., CD163, CD206, galectin-1), wound healing/matrix degradation (i.e., nidogen-1, decorin), and IL-16 characterized the aggressive proliferative LN classes and significantly correlated with histological activity. A decline of these biomarkers after 3 months of treatment predicted the 1-year response more robustly than proteinuria, the standard of care (AUC: CD206 0.91, EGFR 0.9, CD163 0.89, proteinuria 0.8). Candidate biomarkers were validated and provide potentially treatable targets. We propose these biomarkers of intrarenal immunological activity as noninvasive tools to diagnose LN and guide treatment and as surrogate endpoints for clinical trials. These findings provide insights into the processes involved in LN activity. This data set is a public resource to generate and test hypotheses and validate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fava
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Buyon
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jeff Hodgin
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- Division of Renal Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Deepak A Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland, USA
| | - Arnon Arazi
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Alessandra Ida Celia
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine of Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | | | | | - Maria Dall'Era
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David Wofsy
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Richard Furie
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Diane Kamen
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Judith A James
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Joel Guthridge
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation and University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mohamed G Atta
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Derek Fine
- Division of Nephrology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert Clancy
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Peter Izmirly
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - William Apruzzese
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Maryland, USA
- Broad Institute, Boston, Maryland, USA
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Davidson
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Li Y, Ma C, Liao S, Qi S, Meng S, Cai W, Dai W, Cao R, Dong X, Krämer BK, Yun C, Hocher B, Hong X, Liu D, Tang D, He J, Yin L, Dai Y. Combined proteomics and single cell RNA-sequencing analysis to identify biomarkers of disease diagnosis and disease exacerbation for systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:969509. [PMID: 36524113 PMCID: PMC9746895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.969509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease for which there is no cure. Effective diagnosis and precise assessment of disease exacerbation remains a major challenge. Methods We performed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proteomics of a discovery cohort, including patients with active SLE and inactive SLE, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and healthy controls (HC). Then, we performed a machine learning pipeline to identify biomarker combinations. The biomarker combinations were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in another cohort. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from active SLE, inactive SLE, and HC PBMC samples further elucidated the potential immune cellular sources of each of these PBMC biomarkers. Results Screening of the PBMC proteome identified 1023, 168, and 124 proteins that were significantly different between SLE vs. HC, SLE vs. RA, and active SLE vs. inactive SLE, respectively. The machine learning pipeline identified two biomarker combinations that accurately distinguished patients with SLE from controls and discriminated between active and inactive SLE. The validated results of ELISAs for two biomarker combinations were in line with the discovery cohort results. Among them, the six-protein combination (IFIT3, MX1, TOMM40, STAT1, STAT2, and OAS3) exhibited good performance for SLE disease diagnosis, with AUC of 0.723 and 0.815 for distinguishing SLE from HC and RA, respectively. Nine-protein combination (PHACTR2, GOT2, L-selectin, CMC4, MAP2K1, CMPK2, ECPAS, SRA1, and STAT2) showed a robust performance in assessing disease exacerbation (AUC=0.990). Further, the potential immune cellular sources of nine PBMC biomarkers, which had the consistent changes with the proteomics data, were elucidated by PBMC scRNAseq. Discussion Unbiased proteomic quantification and experimental validation of PBMC samples from two cohorts of patients with SLE were identified as biomarker combinations for diagnosis and activity monitoring. Furthermore, the immune cell subtype origin of the biomarkers in the transcript expression level was determined using PBMC scRNAseq. These findings present valuable PBMC biomarkers associated with SLE and may reveal potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Li
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengyou Liao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suwen Qi
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuhui Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Rui Cao
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangnan Dong
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Yun
- Department of Nephrology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Berthold Hocher
- Fifth Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of China International Trust and Investment Corporation (CITIC)-Xiangya, Changsha, China,Institute of Medical Diagnostics (IMD), Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Jingquan He
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Institute of Nephrology and Blood Purification, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Enttxs Medical Products Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Yong Dai, ; Lianghong Yin, ; Jingquan He, ; Donge Tang,
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Abou-Alfa MA, Abdel Noor RA, Nagy HM, Kotb NA. Assessment of the Role of Urinary Heparanase in Lupus Nephritis Patients and Its Correlation with Disease Activity. SAUDI JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES AND TRANSPLANTATION 2022; 33:746-754. [PMID: 38018716 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.390254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the activity of lupus nephritis (LN) with novel biomarkers is a promising noninvasive diagnostic tool for managing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the ability of urinary heparanase to identify LN and its relation to the disease's activity. This crosssectional study had 90 subjects: 70 patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls. A full medical history, clinical examination, and routine investigations were carried out for the patients and controls. Immunological assays and assessments of the disease's activity with the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the renal SLEDAI (r-SLEDAI) were carried out for LN groups. Urinary heparanase levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for all subjects. Of our patients, 20 had active LN, 17 had nonactive LN, 18 had active lupus without renal involvement, and 15 had nonactive lupus without renal involvement. The level of urinary heparanase was significantly higher in the LN groups than in the non-LN groups and the controls and was significantly higher in those with active LN than in those with nonactive LN. There were significant positive correlations between urinary heparanase and 24-h urinary protein, total SLEDAI, and r-SLEDAI, and significant negative correlations between urinary heparanase and Complements 3 and 4. Urinary heparanase predicted the activity of LN with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 91.43%. Urinary heparanase levels were higher in patients with active LN and correlated with the markers of disease activity, indicating that it can serve as a useful new biomarker for the activity of LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa A Abou-Alfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, General Organization of Teaching Hospitals and Institutes, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hala M Nagy
- Clinical Pathology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nesreen A Kotb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Costa-Reis P, Maurer K, Petri MA, Levy Erez D, Zhao X, Faig W, Burnham J, O'Neil K, Klein-Gitelman MS, von Scheven E, Schanberg LE, Sullivan KE. Urinary HER2, TWEAK and VCAM-1 levels are associated with new-onset proteinuria in paediatric lupus nephritis. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000719. [PMID: 35918102 PMCID: PMC9351344 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective Lupus nephritis is a key driver of morbidity and mortality in SLE. Detecting active nephritis on a background of pre-existing renal damage is difficult, leading to potential undertreatment and accumulating injury. An unmet need is a biomarker that distinguishes active lupus nephritis, particularly important in paediatrics where minimising invasive procedures is desirable. Methods This was a multicentre, prospective study of 113 paediatric patients with biopsy-proven lupus nephritis. Clinical data and urine were obtained every 3–4 months and patients averaged 2 years on study with seven time points. Urine was analysed for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) by ELISA. We defined active disease as either a rise in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL from baseline or a rise in renal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index score from the previous visit. These markers were also studied in patients with acute kidney injury, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), amplified pain syndrome and healthy controls. Results The rate of active disease was 56% over an average of 2 years of follow-up. HER2 and VCAM-1 were significantly elevated at time points with active disease defined by increased serum creatinine compared with time points with inactive disease or patients who never flared. All three biomarkers were associated with new-onset proteinuria and VCAM-1 was elevated at time points preceding new-onset proteinuria. These biomarkers were not increased in acute kidney injury or JIA. Conclusion All three biomarkers were associated with new onset proteinuria and increased VCAM-1 may predict impending proteinuria. These biomarkers provide potential non-invasive measures for monitoring that may be more sensitive to impending flare than conventional measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Maurer
- Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniella Levy Erez
- Department of Nephrology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xue Zhao
- Division of Allergy Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Walter Faig
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon Burnham
- Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen O'Neil
- Department of Rheumatology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marisa S Klein-Gitelman
- Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Laura Eve Schanberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke Children's Hospital and Health Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kathleen E Sullivan
- Allergy and Immunology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Abd Elsamea MH, Badr AN, Ibrahim HM, Talaat EA. Renal arterial resistive index as a noninvasive biomarker of disease activity in lupus nephritis patients. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2022; 44:239-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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8
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Clinical interpretation of serum hepcidin-25 in inflammation and renal dysfunction. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 24:43-49. [PMID: 35403094 PMCID: PMC8983384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
log[hepcidin]:log[ferritin] ratio may serve as a biomarker for iron deficiency in complex cases. Hepcidin testing is not warranted in patients with CRP > 10 mg/l and/or eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. Inflammation is not a determinant of serum hepcidin-25 in the setting of renal dysfunction. eGFR is not a major determinant of serum hepcidin-25 concentration in patient with eGFR ≥ 30 ml/min/1.73 m2.
Introduction Hepcidin is a hormone that regulates systemic iron homeostasis. Serum hepcidin levels are under the influence of various stimuli, particularly inflammation and renal dysfunction. The measurement of hepcidin in circulation is a potentially useful clinical tool in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of iron metabolism disorder, although clinical interpretation of hepcidin level remains difficult. We evaluated he diagnostic potential and limitations of hepcidin-25 by investigating its relationship with iron and hematological indices, inflammation, and renal dysfunction. Methods This retrospective study included 220 adult patients not requiring dialysis. Variations of biologically active hepcidin-25 were examined using a mass spectrometry-based assay in various inflammatory and renal states. The log[hepcidin]:log[ferritin] ratio was calculated as an hepcidin index. Results In 220 adult patients not requiring dialysis, variation in hepcidin-25 level was significantly larger once CRP exceeded 10 mg/l (p < 0.001). Inflammation was not a determinant of hepcidin-25 in the setting of renal dysfunction. Hepcidin-25 median (7.37 nM) and variance were significantly higher (p < 0.001), once estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dropped below 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. The log[hepcidin]:log[ferritin] index normalized hepcidin levels. Patients with iron deficiency have a notably lower index when compared to controls (-0.66 vs 0.3). Conclusion Severe renal dysfunction (eGFR < 30) affected hepcidin-25 expression and clearance to variable degree between individuals. Although, hepcidin-25 testing is not warranted in patients with infection, inflammatory autoimmune conditions (CRP > 10 mg/l) and/or severe renal dysfunction (eGFR < 30), the hepcidin index may serve as a potential biomarker for iron deficiency in complex cases.
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Xin Y, Zhang B, Zhao J, Liu Q, Yin H, Lu Q. Animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus and their applications in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:489-500. [PMID: 35287523 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2050691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with substantial phenotypic heterogeneity. Currently, our understanding of the pathogenesis is still limited, and as a result, specific and efficacious therapies are lacking. Various mouse models have been established to serve as powerful tools that will promote a better understanding of the disease and the ability to test novel drugs before clinical application. AREAS COVERED The authors review the existing mouse models of SLE in terms of pathogenesis and manifestations, as well as their applications in drug discovery and development. The areas of focus include promising novel therapeutics that could benefit patients in the future and the contribution of mouse models used in preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION Given the diversity of SLE mouse models with different characteristics, researchers must select a suitable model based on the mechanism involved. The use of multiple models is needed for drug testing studies to evaluate drug efficacy on different genetic backgrounds and other mechanisms to provide a reference for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junpeng Zhao
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianmei Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyuan Yin
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Urinary Protein and Peptide Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212123. [PMID: 34830001 PMCID: PMC8625140 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a non-specific type of kidney disease that causes a gradual decline in kidney function (from months to years). CKD is a significant risk factor for death, cardiovascular disease, and end-stage renal disease. CKDs of different origins may have the same clinical and laboratory manifestations but different progression rates, which requires early diagnosis to determine. This review focuses on protein/peptide biomarkers of the leading causes of CKD: diabetic nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, lupus nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Mass spectrometry (MS) approaches provided the most information about urinary peptide and protein contents in different nephropathies. New analytical approaches allow urinary proteomic-peptide profiles to be used as early non-invasive diagnostic tools for specific morphological forms of kidney disease and may become a safe alternative to renal biopsy. MS studies of the key pathogenetic mechanisms of renal disease progression may also contribute to developing new approaches for targeted therapy.
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11
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Lee JS, Lee EJ, Yeom J, Oh JS, Hong S, Lee CK, Yoo B, Kim K, Kim YG. Urine β-2-glycoprotein 1 as a biomarker for diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2021; 30:1306-1313. [PMID: 33966541 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211014268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The need for a biomarker with robust sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unmet. Compared with blood samples, urine samples are more easily collected; thus, we aimed to identify such a biomarker based on urinary proteomics which could distinguish patients with SLE from healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Urine samples were collected from 76 SLE patients who visited rheumatology clinic in 2019 at Asan medical center and from 25 HCs. Urine proteins were analyzed using sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra-mass spectrometry, and the candidate marker was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the candidate biomarker. RESULTS Of 1157 proteins quantified, 153 were differentially expressed in urine samples from HCs. Among them were previously known markers including α-1-acid glycoprotein 1, α-2-HS-glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase. Moreover, the amount of β-2 glycoprotein (APOH) was increased in the urine of patients with SLE. The ELISA results also showed the level of urine APOH was higher in patients with SLE than in HCs and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, the level was not different between SLE patients with and without nephritis. The urine APOH had an area under the curve value of 0.946 at a cut-off value of 228.53 ng/mg (sensitivity 91.5%, specificity 92.0%) for the diagnosis of SLE. CONCLUSION The results indicate that the urine APOH level can be an appropriate screening tool in a clinical setting when SLE is suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Veterans Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Oh
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seokchan Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Keun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Gil Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Afsar RE, Kanbay M, Ibis A, Afsar B. In-depth review: is hepcidin a marker for the heart and the kidney? Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3365-3381. [PMID: 33942218 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential trace element involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, oxygen transport and storage, and energy metabolism. Iron in excess can be toxic for cells, since iron produces reactive oxygen species and is important for survival of pathogenic microbes. There is a fine-tuning in the regulation of serum iron levels, determined by intestinal absorption, macrophage iron recycling, and mobilization of hepatocyte stores versus iron utilization, primarily by erythroid cells in the bone marrow. Hepcidin is the major regulatory hormone of systemic iron homeostasis and is upregulated during inflammation. Hepcidin metabolism is altered in chronic kidney disease. Ferroportin is an iron export protein and mediates iron release into the circulation from duodenal enterocytes, splenic reticuloendothelial macrophages, and hepatocytes. Systemic iron homeostasis is controlled by the hepcidin-ferroportin axis at the sites of iron entry into the circulation. Hepcidin binds to ferroportin, induces its internalization and intracellular degradation, and thus inhibits iron absorption from enterocytes, and iron release from macrophages and hepatocytes. Recent data suggest that hepcidin, by slowing or preventing the mobilization of iron from macrophages, may promote atherosclerosis and may be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. This article reviews the current data regarding the molecular and cellular pathways of systemic and autocrine hepcidin production and seeks the answer to the question whether changes in hepcidin translate into clinical outcomes of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular and renal end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Avsin Ibis
- Department of Nephrology, Afyon Kocatepe Devlet Hastanesi, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Baris Afsar
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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13
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Tailliar M, Schanstra JP, Dierckx T, Breuil B, Hanouna G, Charles N, Bascands JL, Dussol B, Vazi A, Chiche L, Siwy J, Faguer S, Daniel L, Daugas E, Jourde-Chiche N. Urinary Peptides as Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Lupus Nephritis: Results of the Peptidu-LUP Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10081690. [PMID: 33920017 PMCID: PMC8071029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The therapeutic strategy relies on kidney biopsy (KB) results. We tested whether urinary peptidome analysis could non-invasively differentiate active from non-active LN. Design: Urinary samples were collected from 93 patients (55 with active LN and 38 with non-active LN), forming a discovery (n = 42) and an independent validation (n = 51) cohort. Clinical characteristics were collected at inclusion and prospectively for 24 months. The urinary peptidome was analyzed by capillary-electrophoresis coupled to mass-spectrometry, comparing active LN to non-active LN, and assessing chronic lesions and response to therapy. The value of previously validated prognostic (CKD273) and differential diagnostic (LN172) signatures was evaluated. Results: Urinary peptides could not discriminate between active and non-active LN or predict early response to therapy. Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis was correlated to the CKD273. The LN172 score identified 92.5% of samples as LN. Few patients developed new-onset CKD. Conclusions: We validated the CKD273 and LN172 classifiers but did not identify a robust signature that could predict active LN and replace KB. The value of urinary peptidome to predict long-term CKD, or renal flares in SLE, remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Tailliar
- AP-HM, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.T.); (B.D.)
| | - Joost P. Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institut of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France; (J.P.S.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Tim Dierckx
- Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Benjamin Breuil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institut of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France; (J.P.S.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Hanouna
- AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bichat, DMU VICTOIRE, 75018 Paris, France; (G.H.); (E.D.)
| | - Nicolas Charles
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1149, CNRS ERL8252, Labex INFLAMEX, DHU FIRE, 75890 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1188-Université de La Réunion, 97490 Saint-Denis, France;
| | - Bertrand Dussol
- AP-HM, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.T.); (B.D.)
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, CHU Conception, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Alain Vazi
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique, CHU Conception, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Laurent Chiche
- Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen, 13003 Marseille, France;
| | - Justyna Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Stanislas Faguer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1297, Institut of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease (I2MC), 31432 Toulouse, France; (J.P.S.); (B.B.); (S.F.)
- Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
- CHU de Toulouse, Service de Néphrologie, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Daniel
- AP-HM, Laboratoire d’Ananatomie Pathologique, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France;
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Daugas
- AP-HP, Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Bichat, DMU VICTOIRE, 75018 Paris, France; (G.H.); (E.D.)
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation, Université de Paris, INSERM UMRS1149, CNRS ERL8252, Labex INFLAMEX, DHU FIRE, 75890 Paris, France;
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- AP-HM, Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, 13005 Marseille, France; (M.T.); (B.D.)
- Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition Research (C2VN), Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, 13005 Marseille, France
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wlazlo E, Mehrad B, Morel L, Scindia Y. Iron Metabolism: An Under Investigated Driver of Renal Pathology in Lupus Nephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:643686. [PMID: 33912577 PMCID: PMC8071941 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.643686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephritis is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus, a condition associated with inflammation and iron imbalance. Renal tubules are the work horse of the nephron. They contain a large number of mitochondria that require iron for oxidative phosphorylation, and a tight control of intracellular iron prevents excessive generation of reactive oxygen species. Iron supply to the kidney is dependent on systemic iron availability, which is regulated by the hepcidin-ferroportin axis. Most of the filtered plasma iron is reabsorbed in proximal tubules, a process that is controlled in part by iron regulatory proteins. This review summarizes tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis and current understanding of how renal tubular cells regulate intracellular iron levels, highlighting the role of iron imbalance in the proximal tubules as a driver of tubulointerstitial injury in lupus nephritis. We propose a model based on the dynamic ability of iron to catalyze reactive oxygen species, which can lead to an accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides in proximal tubular epithelial cells. These iron-catalyzed oxidative species can also accentuate protein and autoantibody-induced inflammatory transcription factors leading to matrix, cytokine/chemokine production and immune cell infiltration. This could potentially explain the interplay between increased glomerular permeability and the ensuing tubular injury, tubulointerstitial inflammation and progression to renal failure in LN, and open new avenues of research to develop novel therapies targeting iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wlazlo
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Laurence Morel
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Division of Nephrology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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15
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Zhang T, Duran V, Vanarsa K, Mohan C. Targeted urine proteomics in lupus nephritis - a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 17:767-776. [PMID: 33423575 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1874356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteomic approaches are central in biomarker discovery. While mass-spectrometry-based techniques are widely used, novel targeted proteomic platforms have enabled the high-throughput detection of low-abundance proteins in an affinity-based manner. Urine has gained growing attention as an ideal biofluid for monitoring renal disease including lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS Pubmed was screened for targeted proteomic studies of LN urine interrogating ≥1000 proteins. Data from the primary studies were combined and a meta-analysis was performed. Shared proteins elevated in active LN across studies were identified, and relevant pathways were elucidated using ingenuity pathway and gene ontology analysis. Urine proteomic data was cross-referenced against renal single-cell RNAseq data from LN kidneys. RESULTS Two high-throughput targeted proteomic platforms with capacity to interrogate ≥1000 proteins have been used to investigate LN urine. Twenty-three urine proteins were significantly elevated in both studies, including 10 chemokines, and proteins implicated in angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix turnover. Of these, Cathepsin S, CXCL10, FasL, ferritin, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and resistin were also significantly elevated within LN kidneys. CONCLUSION Targeted urinary proteomics have uncovered multiple novel biomarkers for LN. Further validation in prospective cohorts and mechanistic studies are warranted to establish their clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valeria Duran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Vanarsa K, Soomro S, Zhang T, Strachan B, Pedroza C, Nidhi M, Cicalese P, Gidley C, Dasari S, Mohan S, Thai N, Truong VTT, Jordan N, Saxena R, Putterman C, Petri M, Mohan C. Quantitative planar array screen of 1000 proteins uncovers novel urinary protein biomarkers of lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1349-1361. [PMID: 32651195 PMCID: PMC7839323 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of these studies is to discover novel urinary biomarkers of lupus nephritis (LN). METHODS Urine from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients was interrogated for 1000 proteins using a novel, quantitative planar protein microarray. Hits were validated in an independent SLE cohort with inactive, active non-renal (ANR) and active renal (AR) patients, in a cohort with concurrent renal biopsies, and in a longitudinal cohort. Single-cell renal RNA sequencing data from LN kidneys were examined to deduce the cellular origin of each biomarker. RESULTS Screening of 1000 proteins revealed 64 proteins to be significantly elevated in SLE urine, of which 17 were ELISA validated in independent cohorts. Urine Angptl4 (area under the curve (AUC)=0.96), L-selectin (AUC=0.86), TPP1 (AUC=0.84), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) (AUC=0.78), thrombospondin-1 (AUC=0.73), FOLR2 (AUC=0.72), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (AUC=0.67) and PRX2 (AUC=0.65) distinguished AR from ANR SLE, outperforming anti-dsDNA, C3 and C4, in terms of specificity, sensitivity and positive predictive value. In multivariate regression analysis, urine Angptl4, L-selectin, TPP1 and TGFβ1 were highly associated with disease activity, even after correction for demographic variables. In SLE patients with serial follow-up, urine L-selectin (followed by urine Angptl4 and TGFβ1) were best at tracking concurrent or pending disease flares. Importantly, several proteins elevated in LN urine were also expressed within the kidneys in LN, either within resident renal cells or infiltrating immune cells, based on single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. CONCLUSION Unbiased planar array screening of 1000 proteins has led to the discovery of urine Angptl4, L-selectin and TGFβ1 as potential biomarker candidates for tracking disease activity in LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Briony Strachan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Malavika Nidhi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pietro Cicalese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Gidley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shobha Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shree Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nathan Thai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Van Thi Thanh Truong
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-based Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nicole Jordan
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Ramesh Saxena
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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17
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Cetin N, Kiraz ZK, Sav NM. Urine hepcidin, netrin-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 levels in multicystic dysplastic kidney. J Bras Nefrol 2020; 42:280-289. [PMID: 32818222 PMCID: PMC7657047 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2019-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glomerular hyperfiltration may lead to proteinuria and chronic kidney disease
in unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). We aimed to investigate
the urine neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), netrin-1,
hepcidin, and C-C motif chemokine ligand-2 (MCP-1/CCL-2) levels in patients
with MCDK. Methods: Thirty-two patients and 25 controls were included. The urine hepcidin,
netrin-1, NGAL, and MCP-1/CCL-2 levels were determined by ELISA. Results: The
patients had higher serum creatinine
(Cr) levels, urine albumin, and netrin-1/
Cr ratio with lower GFR. There were
positive correlations between urine
protein/Cr, MCP-1/CCL-2/Cr, and
netrin-1 with NGAL (r = 0.397, p =
0.031; r = 0.437, p = 0.041, r = 0.323, p
= 0.042, respectively). Urine netrin-1/Cr
was positively correlated with MCP-1/
CCL-2/Cr (r = 0.356, p = 0.045). There
were positive associations between the
presence of proteinuria and netrin-1/
Cr, MCP-1/CCL-2/Cr, and NGAL/Cr
[Odds ratio (OR): 1.423, p = 0.037,
OR: 1.553, p = 0.033, OR: 2.112, p
= 0.027, respectively)]. ROC curve
analysis showed that netrin-1/Cr,
MCP-1/CCL-2/Cr, and NGAL/Cr had
high predictive values for determining
proteinuria p = 0.027, p = 0.041,
p = 0.035, respectively). Urine hepcidin/
Cr was negatively correlated with
tubular phosphorus reabsorption and
was positively correlated with urine
NGAL/Cr (r = -0.418, p = 0.019; r
= 0.682, p = 0.000; respectively). Conclusions: MCP-1/CCL-2 may play a role in the development of proteinuria in MCDK.
Netrin-1 may be a protective factor against proteinuria-induced renal
injury. Urine hepcidin/Cr may reflect proximal tubule damage in MCDK. Urine
NGAL/Cr may be a predictor of tubule damage by proteinuria.
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18
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Stanley S, Vanarsa K, Soliman S, Habazi D, Pedroza C, Gidley G, Zhang T, Mohan S, Der E, Suryawanshi H, Tuschl T, Buyon J, Putterman C, Mok CC, Petri M, Saxena R, Mohan C. Comprehensive aptamer-based screening identifies a spectrum of urinary biomarkers of lupus nephritis across ethnicities. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2197. [PMID: 32366845 PMCID: PMC7198599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15986-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging urinary biomarkers continue to show promise in evaluating lupus nephritis (LN). Here, we screen urine from active LN patients for 1129 proteins using an aptamer-based platform, followed by ELISA validation in two independent cohorts comprised of 127 inactive lupus, 107 active LN, 67 active non-renal lupus patients and 74 healthy controls, of three different ethnicities. Urine proteins that best distinguish active LN from inactive disease are ALCAM, PF-4, properdin, and VCAM-1 among African-Americans, sE-selectin, VCAM-1, BFL-1 and Hemopexin among Caucasians, and ALCAM, VCAM-1, TFPI and PF-4 among Asians. Most of these correlate significantly with disease activity indices in the respective ethnic groups, and surpass conventional metrics in identifying active LN, with better sensitivity, and negative/positive predictive values. Several elevated urinary molecules are also expressed within the kidneys in LN, based on single-cell RNAseq analysis. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the utility of these biomarkers in tracking lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Stanley
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samar Soliman
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Deena Habazi
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Gidley
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shree Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Evan Der
- Department of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hemant Suryawanshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Tuschl
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill Buyon
- Department of Rheumatology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
- Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramesh Saxena
- University Hospital Kidney & Liver Clinic, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Scindia Y, Wlazlo E, Ghias E, Cechova S, Loi V, Leeds J, Ledesma J, Helen C, Swaminathan S. Modulation of iron homeostasis with hepcidin ameliorates spontaneous murine lupus nephritis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:100-115. [PMID: 32444136 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is the end organ manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Iron metabolism and its master regulator, hepcidin, are known to regulate cell proliferation and inflammation, but their direct role in the pathophysiology of lupus nephritis remains under-investigated. Exogenous hepcidin reduced the severity of lupus nephritis in MRL/lpr mice, a preclinical model of spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus without worsening anemia of inflammation. Hepcidin treatment reduced renal iron accumulation, systemic and intrarenal cytokines, and renal immune cell infiltration, independent of glomerular immune complex deposits and circulating autoantibodies. Hepcidin increased renal H-ferritin (a ferroxidase), reduced expression of free iron dependent DNA synthesis enzymes, Ribonucleotide Reductase 1 and 2, and intra-renal macrophage proliferation. These findings were recapitulated in vitro upon treatment of macrophages with hepcidin and murine colony stimulation factor-1. Furthermore, hepcidin-treated macrophages secreted less IL-1β and IL-6 upon stimulation with the TLR3 agonist polyinosine-polycytidylic acid. Of clinical relevance, hepcidin reduced progression and severity of nephritis in old mice with established systemic autoimmunity and overt proteinuria, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Thus, our findings provide a proof-of-concept that targeting cellular iron metabolism with hepcidin represents a promising therapeutic strategy in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Scindia
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
| | - Ewa Wlazlo
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ghias
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sylvia Cechova
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Valentina Loi
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph Leeds
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jonathan Ledesma
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Cathro Helen
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sundararaman Swaminathan
- Division of Nephrology, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regeneration, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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20
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Turnier JL, Brunner HI, Bennett M, Aleed A, Gulati G, Haffey WD, Thornton S, Wagner M, Devarajan P, Witte D, Greis KD, Aronow B. Discovery of SERPINA3 as a candidate urinary biomarker of lupus nephritis activity. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 58:321-330. [PMID: 30285245 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We used an unbiased proteomics approach to identify candidate urine biomarkers (CUBMs) predictive of LN chronicity and pursued their validation in a larger cohort. Methods In this cross-sectional pilot study, we selected urine collected at kidney biopsy from 20 children with varying levels of LN damage (discovery cohort) and performed proteomic analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). We identified differentially excreted proteins based on degree of LN chronicity and sought to distinguish markers exhibiting different relative expression patterns using hierarchically clustered log10-normalized relative abundance data with linked and distinct functions by biological network analyses. For each CUBM, we performed specific ELISAs on urine from a validation cohort (n = 41) and analysis of variance to detect differences between LN chronicity, with LN activity adjustment. We evaluated for CUBM expression in LN biopsies with immunohistochemistry. Results iTRAQ detected 112 proteins in urine from the discovery cohort, 51 quantifiable in all replicates. Simple analysis of variance revealed four differentially expressed, chronicity-correlated proteins (P-values < 0.05). Further correlation and network analyses led to selection of seven CUBMs for LN chronicity. In the validation cohort, none of the CUBMs distinguished LN chronicity degree; however, urine SERPINA3 demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with LN histological activity. Immunohistochemistry further demonstrated SERPINA3 staining in proximal tubular epithelial and endothelial cells. Conclusion We identified SERPINA3, a known inhibitor of neutrophil cathepsin G and angiotensin II production, as a potential urine biomarker to help quantify LN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Turnier
- Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hermine I Brunner
- Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Bennett
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashwaq Aleed
- Department of Pediatrics, Qassim University College of Medicine, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gulati
- Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wendy D Haffey
- Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sherry Thornton
- Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David Witte
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bruce Aronow
- Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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21
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Aljaberi N, Bennett M, Brunner HI, Devarajan P. Proteomic profiling of urine: implications for lupus nephritis. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:303-313. [PMID: 30855196 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1592681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and significant manifestation, affecting 60% of adults and 80% of children with systemic lupus erythematosus, with up to 30% of patients progressing to end stage renal disease. There remains an unmet need for non-invasive markers of disease activity, damage, and response to therapy. In addition, non-invasive biomarkers that predict therapeutic efficacy are needed to enable cost-effective clinical trials of novel agents. Areas covered: This review examines the methodological aspects of urinary proteomics, the role of proteome profiling in identifying promising urinary biomarkers in LN, and the translation of research findings into clinically useful tools in the management of LN. Expert opinion: Targeted and unbiased proteomics have identified several promising urinary biomarkers that predict LN activity, damage (chronicity), and response to therapy. In particular, a combination of biologically plausible urinary biomarkers termed as RAIL (Renal Activity Index for Lupus) has emerged as an excellent predictor of LN activity as well as response to therapy, being able to predict efficacy within 3 months of therapy. If validated in additional large prospective studies, the RAIL biomarkers will transform the care of patients with LN, allowing for a personalized and predictive approach and improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla Aljaberi
- a Divisions of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Michael Bennett
- b Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Hermine I Brunner
- a Divisions of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Prasad Devarajan
- b Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics , University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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22
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Vela D. Systemic and local hepcidin as emerging and important peptides in renal homeostasis and pathology. Biofactors 2019; 45:118-134. [PMID: 30461080 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that the importance of hepcidin goes beyond its classical role in controlling systemic iron metabolism. Local hepcidins are emerging as important peptides for organ homeostasis in the brain, heart, blood vessels, and in cancer as well. Similarly, accumulating data indicate that hepcidin does seem to be an important factor in renal homeostasis. This review encompasses present knowledge concerning the role of hepcidin in renoprotection and its use as a biomarker of kidney diseases. Understanding the role of hepcidin in kidneys is important due to its relevance for kidney physiology and its potential therapeutic application in kidney pathologies. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(2):118-134, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova
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23
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Gasparin AA, Pamplona Bueno de Andrade N, Hax V, Tres GL, Veronese FV, Monticielo OA. Urinary biomarkers for lupus nephritis: the role of the vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Lupus 2019; 28:265-272. [PMID: 30712490 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319826695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal involvement is one of the main complications of systemic lupus erythematosus, causing a significant impact on patients' morbidity and mortality. Renal biopsy is still the gold standard of diagnosis, but it has many limitations. In this sense, several recent studies aim to identify biomarkers that not only predict disease activity and renal histology, but also lead to earlier treatment. In previous studies, the soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 measured in urine showed a strong association with the presence of lupus nephritis, with clinical and histological activity indexes of the disease and with more severe renal lesions. This paper reviews the main urinary biomarkers of lupus nephritis that have been studied, with special emphasis on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gasparin
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - V Hax
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G Leví Tres
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - F V Veronese
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - O A Monticielo
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Anania VG, Yu K, Pingitore F, Li Q, Rose CM, Liu P, Sandoval W, Herman AE, Lill JR, Mathews WR. Discovery and Qualification of Candidate Urinary Biomarkers of Disease Activity in Lupus Nephritis. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:1264-1277. [PMID: 30525646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe clinical manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Assessment of severity and activity of renal involvement in SLE requires a kidney biopsy, an invasive procedure with limited prognostic value. Noninvasive biomarkers are needed to inform treatment decisions and to monitor disease activity. Proteinuria is associated with disease progression in LN; however, the composition of the LN urinary proteome remains incompletely characterized. To address this, we profiled LN urine samples using complementary mass spectrometry-based methods: protein gel fractionation, chemical labeling using tandem mass tags, and data-independent acquisition. Combining results from these approaches yielded quantitative information on 2573 unique proteins in urine from LN patients. A multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) method was established to confirm eight proteins in an independent cohort of LN patients, and seven proteins (transferrin, α-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin, afamin, α-1-antitrypsin, vimentin, and ceruloplasmin) were confirmed to be elevated in LN urine compared to healthy controls. In this study, we demonstrate that deep mass spectrometry profiling of a small number of patient samples can identify high-quality biomarkers that replicate in an independent LN disease cohort. These biomarkers are being used to inform clinical biomarker strategies to support longitudinal and interventional studies focused on evaluating disease progression and treatment efficacy of novel LN therapeutics.
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25
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Přikryl P, Hrušková Z, Konopásek P, Hladinová Z, Tesař V, Vokurka M. Serum hepcidin is increased in ANCA-associated vasculitis and correlates with activity markers. Physiol Res 2018; 67:945-954. [PMID: 30204470 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron metabolism and plays an important role in many pathologies. It is increased by iron administration and by inflammation, while erythropoiesis downregulates its expression. It decreases iron availability and thus contributes to anemia of chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to measure hepcidin as a marker and pathogenetic factor in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). Hepcidin plasma concentration was measured by the immunological method in 59 patients with AAV and compared to patients with non-vasculitic etiology of chronic kidney disease, patients on hemodialysis (HD), with systemic lupus erythematodes (SLE) and to healthy controls and blood donors, and was correlated with the parameters of iron metabolism, inflammation, activity of the process and kidney function. Hepcidin concentration was increased in patients with AAV, SLE and HD and correlated positively with C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and creatinine, and negatively with hemoglobin and serum transferrin. In active form of AAV it correlated with the clinical scoring system (BVAS). Hepcidin can thus be considered as a pathogenetic factor of anemia in AAV and can be used for evaluation of inflammation in AAV and as an additional marker in active forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Přikryl
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic. and
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26
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Zhou Y, Xiao L, Tang S. Annexin A2 and FTH1 are potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3766-3776. [PMID: 30344652 PMCID: PMC6176168 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) occurs in ~50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality of the affected individuals. Therefore, identification of novel and predictive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and progression of LN is required. The present study included 10 patients with LN whose diagnoses were confirmed by renal biopsy and 5 healthy participants as control subjects. Sera were collected both from patients with LN and healthy controls. Subsequently, mesangial cells were treated with these sera for 24 h. Differential proteins between groups were detected by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. 2D-DIGE maps of cellar proteins were obtained for LN and normal control groups. A total of 45 proteins were characterized, and 2 low-abundance proteins were identified. Compared with the normal human sera group, expression level of Annexin A2 was elevated in patients with LN, while the expression of the ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) decreased in the LN group; the analysis was carried out by DeCyder version 7.0 automatically. The results of the present study suggest that Annexin A2 and FTH1 contributed to the progression of LN and could serve as potential biomarkers for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian 361000, P.R. China.,Division of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
| | - Liangxiang Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Shuifu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510405, P.R. China
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27
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Madda R, Lin SC, Sun WH, Huang SL. Differential expressions of plasma proteins in systemic lupus erythematosus patients identified by proteomic analysis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:816-826. [PMID: 30170966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical manifestations that affects multiple organs and tissues. Therefore the differential expression of proteins in the serum/plasma have potential clinical applications when treating SLE. METHODS We have compared the plasma/serum protein expression patterns of nineteen active SLE patients with those of twelve age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls by proteomic analysis. To investigate the differentially expressed proteins among SLE and controls, a 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed. To further understand the molecular and biological functions of the identified proteins, PANTHER and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses were employed. RESULTS A total of 14 significantly expressed (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) proteins were identified, and of these nine were up-regulated and five down-regulated in the SLE patients. The functional enrichment analysis assigned the majority of the identified proteins including alpha 2 macroglobulin, complement C4, complement factor H, fibrinogen beta chain, and alpha-1-antitrypsin were part of the complement/coagulation cascade, which is an important pathway that plays a crucial role in SLE pathogenesis. In addition to these proteins the differential expressions of ceruloplasmin, transthyretin, and haptoglobin play a potential role in the renal system abnormalities of SLE. CONCLUSION Therefore, the identified differentially expressed proteins are relevant to SLE patient's cohort. Most importantly the up-regulated proteins might be the potential candidates for renal system involvement in SLE disease pathogenesis. In order to confirm the diagnostic/therapeutic potential of the identified proteins, future validation studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Madda
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chang Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taiwan; Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Cathay General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsin Sun
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taiwan.
| | - Shir-Ly Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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Dong XW, Zheng ZH, Ding J, Luo X, Li ZQ, Li Y, Rong MY, Fu YL, Shi JH, Yu LC, Wu ZB, Zhu P. Combined detection of uMCP-1 and uTWEAK for rapid discrimination of severe lupus nephritis. Lupus 2018; 27:971-981. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203318758507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X W Dong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Z H Zheng
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - J Ding
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - X Luo
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - M Y Rong
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Fu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - J H Shi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - L C Yu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Z B Wu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - P Zhu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Branch of Immune Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, PLA Specialized Research Institute of Rheumatology & Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Chen L, Su W, Chen H, Chen DQ, Wang M, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Proteomics for Biomarker Identification and Clinical Application in Kidney Disease. Adv Clin Chem 2018; 85:91-113. [PMID: 29655463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Treatment effectiveness for kidney disease is limited by lack of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. The gold standard test renal biopsy along with serum creatinine and proteinuria is often necessary to establish a diagnosis, particularly in glomerular disease. Proteomics has become a powerful tool for novel biomarker discovery in kidney disease. Novel proteomics offer earlier and more accurate diagnosis of renal pathology than possible with traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine and urine protein. In addition, proteomic biomarkers could also be useful to choose the most suitable therapeutic targets. This review focuses on the current status of proteomic biomarkers from animal models (5/6 nephrectomy, unilateral ureteral obstruction, and diabetic nephropathy) and human studies (chronic kidney disease, glomerular diseases, transplantation, dialysis, acute and drug-induced kidney injury) to assess relevant findings and clinical usefulness. Current issues and problems related to the discovery, validation, and clinical application of proteomic biomarkers are discussed. We also describe several proteomic strategies highlighting technologic advancements, specimen selection, data processing and analysis. This review might provide help in future proteomic studies to improve the diagnosis and management of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Su
- Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Guo
- University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
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30
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Gómez-Puerta JA, Ortiz-Reyes B, Urrego T, Vanegas-García AL, Muñoz CH, González LA, Cervera R, Vásquez G. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 as biomarkers for lupus nephritis in Colombian SLE patients. Lupus 2017; 27:637-646. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317738226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Gómez-Puerta
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - B Ortiz-Reyes
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - T Urrego
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A L Vanegas-García
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - C H Muñoz
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario de San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia
| | - L A González
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - R Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Vásquez
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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31
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Wang Y, Zheng C, Wang X, Zuo K, Liu Z. Proteomic profile-based screening of potential protein biomarkers in the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:6276-6284. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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32
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Ferreira TAR, de Andrade HM, de Pádua PM, Carvalho MDG, Pires SDF, Oliveira IHR, Lima BSS, Fialho Júnior LC, Cicarini WB, Chapeourouge DA, Perales JH, Guimarães TMPD, Toledo VDPCPD. Identification of potential biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:247-256. [PMID: 28675715 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1344975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease of the connective tissue with a large spectrum of clinical manifestations. Immune deregulation leads to autoantibody and immune complexes overproduction, complement activation, and persistent tissue inflammation. Considering that the current diagnosis depends on the interpretation of the complex criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology and that the disease course is characterized by unpredictable activations and remissions, each patient develops different manifestations, and therefore, the discovery of specific biomarkers is urgently required. Therefore, this study aimed to identify putative biomarkers for active and inactive SLE potentially capable in distinguishing laboratorial SLE from other autoimmune diseases. The 2D-DIGE proteomics technique was used to evaluate the differential abundance of proteins between patients with active SLE, inactive SLE, patients with other autoimmune disease, and healthy individuals. Six proteins showed increased abundance in active SLE (A) and inactive SLE (I) compared to the C and O groups, but not between groups A and I. There were two transthyretin (TTR) fragments or proteins with a structure similar to TTR (accession numbers: PDB: 1GKO_A and 2PAB_A), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) isoform X1 (no information in databases such as UNIPROT), and antibody fragments. Two proteins, APO-AIV and SP-40,40, were upregulated in group A than in O and C and in group I versus C, but not in group I versus O. Therefore, we suggest these proteins to be considered as candidates for the diagnosis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Aparecida Reis Ferreira
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | - Maria das Graças Carvalho
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Simone da Fonseca Pires
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ivana Helena Rocha Oliveira
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Bruna Soares Souza Lima
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Fialho Júnior
- b Parasitology Department , Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Walter Batista Cicarini
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | | | | | - Tânia Mara Pinto Dabés Guimarães
- a Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Vasquez-Canizares N, Wahezi D, Putterman C. Diagnostic and prognostic tests in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:351-363. [PMID: 29224677 PMCID: PMC5776716 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by autoantibodies directed against numerous self-nuclear antigens. Because of the heterogeneous nature of lupus, it has been challenging to identify markers that are sensitive and specific enough for its diagnosis and monitoring. However, with the sequencing of the human genome, rapid development of high-throughput approaches has allowed for a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of complex diseases, including SLE. Here we present a review of the latest advancements in biomarker discovery during the "omics" era, using these novel technologies, for assisting in the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vasquez-Canizares
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dawn Wahezi
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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34
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González-Sánchez DA, Álvarez CM, Vásquez G, Gómez-Puerta JA. Papel de la vía de señalización del TWEAK/Fn14 en la nefritis lúpica y otros escenarios clínicos. Nefrologia 2017; 37:118-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nefro.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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35
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Aggarwal A, Gupta R, Negi VS, Rajasekhar L, Misra R, Singh P, Chaturvedi V, Sinha S. Urinary haptoglobin, alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin and retinol binding protein identified by proteomics as potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:254-262. [PMID: 28120479 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was aimed at identification by proteomics and validation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of potential urinary biomarkers for lupus nephritis. Study subjects comprised 88 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 60 controls (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals). Based on the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI), patients were classified as active renal (AR), active non-renal (ANR) or inactive disease (ID). Urinary proteins from a group of patients with AR or ID were resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). The selected biomarkers were validated by ELISA using samples from all patients and controls. AR patients were followed-up for 12 months after start of therapy. Three urinary proteins, alpha-1 anti-chymotrypsin (ACT), haptoglobin (HAP) and retinol binding protein (RBP), were detected in patients with AR and not ID. Upon validation, ACT levels were higher in AR patients than the other groups (P < 0·001) and showed good correlation with renal SLEDAI (r = 0·577, P < 0·001) as well as SLEDAI (r = 0·461, P < 0·001). Similarly, HAP levels were > 10-fold higher in AR than other groups (P < 0·001) and correlated well with renal SLEDAI (r = 0·594, P < 0·001) and SLEDAI (r = 0·371, P < 0·01). RBP levels were also higher in AR patients than in other groups (P < 0·05), except diabetes, and showed moderate correlation with renal SLEDAI (r = 0·284, P < 0·008) and SLEDAI (r = 0·316, P < 0·003). Upon follow-up with treatment, levels of all three proteins declined at 6 and 12 months (P < 0·01). Multiple logistic regression identified ACT as the best marker to differentiate AR from ANR. Urinary HAP, ACT and RBP are potential biomarkers for lupus nephritis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - R Gupta
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - V S Negi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - L Rajasekhar
- Department of Rheumatology, Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - R Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - P Singh
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - V Chaturvedi
- Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - S Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.,Biochemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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36
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Wei R, Gao B, Shih F, Ranger A, Dearth A, Mischak H, Siwy J, Wisniacki N, Petri M, Burkly LC. Alterations in urinary collagen peptides in lupus nephritis subjects correlate with renal dysfunction and renal histopathology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017; 32:1468-1477. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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37
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Wu H, Zeng J, Yin J, Peng Q, Zhao M, Lu Q. Organ-specific biomarkers in lupus. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:391-397. [PMID: 28212922 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease, which affects multiple organs, including joints, skin, kidneys, heart, hematopoietic system, and nerve system. While the etiopathogenesis of SLE still remains unclear, genetic susceptibilities and aberrant epigenetic modifications are believed to be involved. For precision therapy, it is necessary to assess accurately and objectively organ involvements and disease activity, which is difficult by current clinical laboratory tests. Biomarkers, which are a biologic, genetic, epigenetic or a chemical characteristic and conveniently detectable, serve as measures of disease diagnosis, activity, prognosis, and manifestation prediction, thereby providing instruction for individualized therapy. In addition, biomarkers differ according to different manifestations, since the disease activity index and treatments vary significantly. For example, unlike other non-renal SLE, lupus nephritis requires significant immunosuppressive drugs. Over the past decades, the research on biomarkers in lupus has been strengthened and numerous promising biomarkers have been identified at levels of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. In this review, we summarize the conventional and novel biomarkers in the tissue-specific manner, and discuss their roles in specific organ diagnosis, future manifestation prediction, disease activity assessment and their correlation with histology results. By doing so, it aims to shed a light on individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinghua Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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38
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Nicolaou O, Kousios A, Hadjisavvas A, Lauwerys B, Sokratous K, Kyriacou K. Biomarkers of systemic lupus erythematosus identified using mass spectrometry-based proteomics: a systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:993-1012. [PMID: 27878954 PMCID: PMC5387176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in mass spectrometry technologies have created new opportunities for discovering novel protein biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We performed a systematic review of published reports on proteomic biomarkers identified in SLE patients using mass spectrometry‐based proteomics and highlight their potential disease association and clinical utility. Two electronic databases, MEDLINE and EMBASE, were systematically searched up to July 2015. The methodological quality of studies included in the review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines. Twenty‐five studies were included in the review, identifying 241 SLE candidate proteomic biomarkers related to various aspects of the disease including disease diagnosis and activity or pinpointing specific organ involvement. Furthermore, 13 of the 25 studies validated their results for a selected number of biomarkers in an independent cohort, resulting in the validation of 28 candidate biomarkers. It is noteworthy that 11 candidate biomarkers were identified in more than one study. A significant number of potential proteomic biomarkers that are related to a number of aspects of SLE have been identified using mass spectrometry proteomic approaches. However, further studies are required to assess the utility of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orthodoxia Nicolaou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kousios
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Bernard Lauwerys
- Department of Rheumatology, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kleitos Sokratous
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
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39
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Soliman S, Mohan C. Lupus nephritis biomarkers. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:10-20. [PMID: 27498110 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), a potentially destructive outcome of SLE, is a real challenge in the management of SLE because of the difficulty in diagnosing its subclinical onset and identifying relapses before serious complications set in. Conventional clinical parameters such as proteinuria, GFR, urine sediments, anti-dsDNA and complement levels are not sensitive or specific enough for detecting ongoing disease activity in lupus kidneys and early relapse of nephritis. There has long been a need for biomarkers of disease activity in LN. Such markers ideally should be capable of predicting early sub-clinical flares and could be used to gauge response to therapy, thus obviating the need for serial renal biopsies with their possible hazardous complications. Since urine can be readily obtained, it lends itself as an obvious biological substrate. In this review, the use of urine and serum as sources of lupus nephritis biomarkers is described, and the results of biomarker discovery studies using candidate and proteomic approaches are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States; Rheumatology & Rehabilitation Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Minya University, Egypt
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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40
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Indrakanti DL, Alvarado A, Zhang X, Birmingham DJ, Hinton A, Rovin BH. The interleukin-6-hepcidin-hemoglobin circuit in systemic lupus erythematosus flares. Lupus 2016; 26:200-203. [PMID: 27416847 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316659153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hepcidin regulates iron availability and may be responsible for the anemia of chronic disease because it is induced by interleukin-6. This study investigated the IL-6-hepcidin-hemoglobin axis in patients with lupus. Methods IL-6 and hepcidin were measured in serial serum samples collected before, during and after lupus flares by specific ELISAs. Results During renal and non-renal SLE flare cycles IL-6 did not predict hepcidin and hepcidin did not predict hemoglobin. When lupus nephritis patients were in remission, IL-6 and hepcidin were correlated, but hepcidin and hemoglobin were not. Conclusion Hepcidin does not contribute significantly to anemia during active lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Indrakanti
- 1 Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
| | - A Alvarado
- 1 Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
| | - X Zhang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
| | - D J Birmingham
- 1 Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
| | - A Hinton
- 2 Department of biostatistics, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
| | - B H Rovin
- 1 Department of Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center and Department of Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Public Health, USA
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41
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Smith EMD, Beresford MW. Urinary biomarkers in childhood lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:21-31. [PMID: 27373868 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is a rare, severe multisystem autoimmune disease affecting the kidney (Lupus Nephritis, LN) in up to 80% of children. LN is more severe in children than adults, with potential for irreversible kidney damage requiring dialysis or transplant. Renal biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing and monitoring LN, however, it is invasive and associated with complications. Urine biomarkers have been shown to be better than serum biomarkers in differentiating renal disease from other organ manifestations. Over the past decade, there have been an increasing number of studies investigating specific candidate biomarkers implicated in the pathogenesis of LN or screening for urinary biomarkers using hypothesis free methods. In this review, developments in urine biomarkers for LN will be reviewed, highlighting those that are of relevance to children and have gone through validation in independent international patient cohorts, bringing them close to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve M D Smith
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK.
| | - Michael W Beresford
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Institute in the Park, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, East Prescott Road, Liverpool L14 5AB, UK; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust in the Park, East Prescott Road, Liverpool, L14 5AB, Liverpool, UK.
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42
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Schaalan MF, Mohamed WA. Determinants of hepcidin levels in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: Impact on pAKT/PTEN pathways? J Immunotoxicol 2016; 13:751-7. [DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2016.1183733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona F. Schaalan
- Biochemistry Department, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid A. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Kasr Eleini Teaching Hospitals, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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43
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Wu T, Ding H, Han J, Arriens C, Wei C, Han W, Pedroza C, Jiang S, Anolik J, Petri M, Sanz I, Saxena R, Mohan C. Antibody-Array-Based Proteomic Screening of Serum Markers in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Discovery Study. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:2102-14. [PMID: 27211902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A discovery study was carried out where serum samples from 22 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and matched healthy controls were hybridized to antibody-coated glass slide arrays that interrogated the level of 274 human proteins. On the basis of these screens, 48 proteins were selected for ELISA-based validation in an independent cohort of 28 SLE patients. Whereas AXL, ferritin, and sTNFRII were significantly elevated in patients with active lupus nephritis (LN) relative to SLE patients who were quiescent, other molecules such as OPN, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, IGFBP2, SIGLEC5, FAS, and MMP10 exhibited the capacity to distinguish SLE from healthy controls with ROC AUC exceeding 90%, all with p < 0.001 significance. These serum markers were next tested in a cohort of 45 LN patients, where serum was obtained at the time of renal biopsy. In these patients, sTNFRII exhibited the strongest correlation with eGFR (r = -0.50, p = 0.0014) and serum creatinine (r = 0.57, p = 0.0001), although AXL, FAS, and IGFBP2 also correlated with these clinical measures of renal function. When concurrent renal biopsies from these patients were examined, serum FAS, IGFBP2, and TNFRII showed significant positive correlations with renal pathology activity index, while sTNFRII displayed the highest correlation with concurrently scored renal pathology chronicity index (r = 0.57, p = 0.001). Finally, in a longitudinal cohort of seven SLE patients examined at ∼3 month intervals, AXL, ICAM-1, IGFBP2, SIGLEC5, sTNFRII, and VCAM-1 demonstrated the ability to track with concurrent disease flare, with significant subject to subject variation. In summary, serum proteins have the capacity to identify patients with active nephritis, flares, and renal pathology activity or chronicity changes, although larger longitudinal cohort studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Wu
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Huihua Ding
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jie Han
- Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Cristina Arriens
- Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Chungwen Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Weilu Han
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Claudia Pedroza
- Center for Clinical Research and Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jennifer Anolik
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University Medical School , Baltimore, Mississippi 21205, United States
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ramesh Saxena
- Division of Nephrology/Rheumatology, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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44
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Goilav B, Putterman C, Rubinstein TB. Biomarkers for kidney involvement in pediatric lupus. Biomark Med 2016; 9:529-43. [PMID: 26079958 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), the renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus, is currently diagnosed by histopathology obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. LN is more prevalent and severe in children, requiring aggressive and prolonged immunosuppression. The consequences of the diagnosis and its treatment have devastating long-term effects on the growth, well-being and quality of life of affected children. The paucity of reliable clinical indicators of the presence and severity of renal involvement have contributed to a halt in the reduction of progression to end-stage renal disease in recent years. Here, we discuss the recent development of biomarkers in the management of LN and their role as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Goilav
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tamar B Rubinstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
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45
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Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) has significant impact on the outcome of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the absence of any new breakthrough for management of LN over the last few years, using existing treatment modalities in a more effective manner is the mainstay of improving outcomes. For effectively using the drugs, disease activity needs to be assessed accurately and more objectively, which is not possible with present clinical assessment tools. Biomarkers help in accurate assessment of disease activity and enable the physician to individualize the therapy. Conventional disease activity markers have limitations which need to be addressed and research in the area of biomarker discovery in LN has immensely expanded over the last two decades as evident by the literature. Moreover, biomarkers for LN should be different from the markers of overall disease activity as LN requires significant immunosuppression, unlike other non-renal manifestations of SLE. Newly discovered biomarkers exhibit qualities pertaining to different aspects of disease activity and damage. In this review, we discuss the established as well as new biomarkers of SLE in the light of their role in LN diagnosis, follow-up, prediction of renal flare and correlation with renal histology findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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46
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Magdeldin S, Hirao Y, Elguoshy A, Xu B, Zhang Y, Fujinaka H, Yamamoto K, Yates JR, Yamamoto T. A proteomic glimpse into human ureter proteome. Proteomics 2015; 16:80-4. [PMID: 26442468 PMCID: PMC4737284 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urine has evolved as one of the most important biofluids in clinical proteomics due to its noninvasive sampling and its stability. Yet, it is used in clinical diagnostics of several disorders by detecting changes in its components including urinary protein/polypeptide profile. Despite the fact that majority of proteins detected in urine are primarily originated from the urogenital (UG) tract, determining its precise source within the UG tract remains elusive. In this article, we performed a comprehensive analysis of ureter proteome to assemble the first unbiased ureter dataset. Next, we compared these data to urine, urinary exosome, and kidney mass spectrometric datasets. Our result concluded that among 2217 nonredundant ureter proteins, 751 protein candidates (33.8%) were detected in urine as urinary protein/polypeptide or exosomal protein. On the other hand, comparing ureter protein hits (48) that are not shown in corresponding databases to urinary bladder and prostate human protein atlas databases pinpointed 21 proteins that might be unique to ureter tissue. In conclusion, this finding offers future perspectives for possible identification of ureter disease-associated biomarkers such as ureter carcinoma. In addition, the ureter proteomic dataset published in this article will provide a valuable resource for researchers working in the field of urology and urine biomarker discovery. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002620 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD002620).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Magdeldin
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismaïlia, Egypt.,Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yoshitoshi Hirao
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Amr Elguoshy
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.,Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bo Xu
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidehiko Fujinaka
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keiko Yamamoto
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Biofluid Biomarker Center (BB-C), Institute for Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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47
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Rovin BH, Klein JB. Proteomics and autoimmune kidney disease. Clin Immunol 2015; 161:23-30. [PMID: 25979820 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics has long been considered an ideal platform, and urine an ideal source for biomarker discovery in human autoimmune kidney diseases. A number of studies have examined the urine proteome to identify biomarkers of disease activity, kidney pathology, and response to therapy. Increasingly, proteomic studies of kidney disease have expanded to include blood, circulating cells and kidney tissue. Recently the clinical potential of renal proteomics has been realized through a handful of investigations whose results appear to be applicable to patient care. In this review, approaches to the proteomic evaluation of autoimmune kidney diseases will be considered in the context of developing clinically useful disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Rovin
- Nephrology Division, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Jon B Klein
- Nephrology Division, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY, United States
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48
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Jiang S, Wang Y, Liu Z. The application of urinary proteomics for the detection of biomarkers of kidney diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 845:151-65. [PMID: 25355578 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9523-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Urine is a biological material that can be easily obtained in the clinic. The identification of proteins excreted in urine provides useful biological information about the kidney as well as a unique opportunity to examine physiological and pathological changes in the kidney in a noninvasive manner. Recent technological advances in urinary proteomic profiling have provided the foundation for a number of urinary proteomic studies directed at identifying markers of kidney disease diagnosis, prognosis, or responsiveness to therapy. In this review, we describe the strengths of different urinary proteomic methods for the discovery of potential biomarkers of kidney diseases. We also highlight the limitations and future goals of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Jiang
- National Kidney Disease Clinical Research Center, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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49
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Abstract
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of autoantibodies. cSLE often affects multiple organs in the body and is known to have a poorer prognosis than adult-onset disease (Azevedo et al. 2014). Current laboratory tests are clearly insufficient for identifying and monitoring the disease. Recent studies have yielded novel biomarkers for cSLE which can be used for monitoring disease activity and response to treatment. The most encouraging biomarkers will be discussed herein and include cell-bound complement activation products, some genomic profiles, and urinary proteins such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and others. Previous studies suggested that a combination of the novel biomarkers might help to enhance sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of cSLE flares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abulaban
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Medical Center, MLC 4010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
| | - Hermine I. Brunner
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Medical Center, MLC 4010, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, USA
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50
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Abstract
The search for biomarkers in paediatric rheumatic diseases, particularly juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), childhood lupus nephritis (LN), and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIMs) is attracting increased interest. In JIA, a number of biomarkers have shown potential for predicting clinical phenotype, disease activity and severity, clinical remission and relapse, response to treatment, and disease course over time. In systemic JIA, measurement of biomarkers that reflect the degree of activation and expansion of T cells and macrophages might be helpful for detecting subclinical macrophage activation syndrome. Urine biomarkers for childhood LN hold promise for facilitating early diagnosis and improving disease monitoring and assessment of response to therapy. Myositis-specific autoantibodies define distinct serological subgroups of JIIMs, albeit with similar clinical features, responses to therapy, and prognoses. Use of biomarkers may potentially help to avoid invasive procedures, such as renal biopsy in systemic lupus erythematosus and muscle biopsy in juvenile dermatomyositis. Incorporation of effective and reliable biomarkers into routine practice might facilitate adoption of a stratified approach to investigation and management, foster the implementation of research into the design of personalized and targeted therapies, and ultimately lead to more rational and effective clinical care.
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