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Abassi Z, Hamo‐Giladi DB, Kinaneh S, Heyman SN. The endocrine basis of the cardio-renal axis: New perspectives regarding corin. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16105. [PMID: 38942727 PMCID: PMC11213627 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The central role of natriuretic peptides (NPs) in the complex cardio-renal integrated physiology and organ failure has been revealed over the last four decades. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), the oldest representative of the NPs family, is produced through conversion of proANP to the mature peptide by corin, a trans-membrane protease localized to the cardiac myocyte membrane. Similarly, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is generated by furin, which cleaves proBNP to BNP in myocytes. Though the components of NPs system, their synthesis and target organs are well established, understanding their role in the interplay between the heart and the kidney is steadily evolving. In this context, Feldman et al. (New England Journal of Medicine, 389, 1685) recently described patients with hypertension, cardiomyopathy, atrial arrhythmia and left atrial fibrosis, associated with a homozygous loss-of-function variant of the gene encoding corin (Cor-/-). Notably, reduced baseline urinary electrolyte and creatinine excretion have been observed in one of the studied patients. This renal excretory functional impairment could be attributed to the lack of cardiac-derived ANP in these patients, as implied by Feldman et al. Yet, in this mini-review we suggest that this aberrant renal manifestation may principally stem from lack of local ANP production at renal tissue, as corin is normally expressed in proximal tubules, Henle's loop and collecting ducts, with locally produced ANP provoking Na+ and water exertion. Collectively, it seems that beside the classic well-established cardio-renal axis, the renal NPs system functions as local endocrine machinery in the regulation of sodium excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Abassi
- Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐IITHaifaIsrael
- Department of Laboratory MedicineRambam Health Care CampusHaifaIsrael
| | | | - Safa Kinaneh
- Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion‐IITHaifaIsrael
| | - Samuel N. Heyman
- Department of MedicineHadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Mt. Scopus and Herzog HospitalJerusalemIsrael
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2
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Sun M, Wang Z, Jiang J. Corin protects against acute kidney injury in mice through anti-inflammatory effects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116162. [PMID: 38246101 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease mainly expressed in the heart. Recently, corin was detected in the kidney and was reported to be associated with multiple kidney diseases. To date, its effect on acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been clarified. Here, we found that corin was constitutively expressed in renal tubules, especially in proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells. The expression of corin was dramatically reduced in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells injury model, suggesting a potential role of corin in AKI. Corin deficient mice exhibited aggravated renal injury in AKI, as indicated by higher elevation of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), more severe tubular damage, and increased cell death versus wild type mice, demonstrating a protective effect of corin on AKI. In vitro overexpression of corin didn't directly alleviate hypoxia-induced HK-2 cells death, revealing that the protective effect of corin against AKI is not due to direct protection of tubular epithelial cells but may be through indirect protection. Microarray analysis showed enhanced inflammatory chemokines signaling and leukocyte chemotaxis in corin-/- mice after AKI, identifying an important role of corin in halting leukocyte chemotaxis and inflammatory response. Consistently, corin-/- mice after AKI displayed increased tubulointerstitial neutrophils and macrophages infiltration, as well as higher inflammatory mediators in kidneys. Taken together, our study indicates that tubular corin exerts a protective effect against AKI through negative regulation of chemotaxis signaling and inflammation in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Su X, Li S, Zhang Y, Tie X, Feng R, Guo X, Qiao X, Wang L. Overexpression of Corin Ameliorates Kidney Fibrosis through Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:101-120. [PMID: 37827215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway represents a promising therapeutic target for mitigating kidney fibrosis. Corin possesses the homologous ligand binding site [Frizzled-cysteine-rich domain (Fz-CRD)] similar to Frizzled proteins, which act as receptors for Wnt. The Fz-CRD has been found in eight different proteins, all of which, except for corin, are known to bind Wnt and regulate its signal transmission. We hypothesized that corin may inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and thereby reduce fibrogenesis. Reduced expression of corin along with the increased activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling was found in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and ureteral ischemia/reperfusion injury (UIRI) models. In vitro, corin bound to the Wnt1 through its Fz-CRDs and inhibit the Wnt1 function responsible for activating β-catenin. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited corin expression, accompanied by activation of β-catenin; conversely, overexpression of corin attenuated the fibrotic effects of transforming growth factor-β1. In vivo, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of corin attenuated the progression of fibrosis, which was potentially associated with the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and the down-regulation of its target genes after UUO and UIRI. These results suggest that corin acts as an antagonist that protects the kidney from pathogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling and from fibrosis following UUO and UIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Su
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Tie
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rongrong Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaojiao Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, China; Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Baris Feldman H, Chai Gadot C, Zahler D, Mory A, Aviram G, Elhanan E, Shefer G, Goldiner I, Amir Y, Kurolap A, Ablin JN. Corin and Left Atrial Cardiomyopathy, Hypertension, Arrhythmia, and Fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1685-1692. [PMID: 37913506 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2301908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Two siblings presented with cardiomyopathy, hypertension, arrhythmia, and fibrosis of the left atrium. Each had a homozygous null variant in CORIN, the gene encoding atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-converting enzyme. A plasma sample obtained from one of the siblings had no detectable levels of corin or N-terminal pro-ANP but had elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and one of the two protein markers of fibrosis that we tested. These and other findings support the hypothesis that BNP cannot fully compensate for a lack of activation of the ANP pathway and that corin is critical to normal ANP activity, left atrial function, and cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Baris Feldman
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chofit Chai Gadot
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Zahler
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Mory
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galit Aviram
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Emil Elhanan
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Shefer
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilana Goldiner
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yam Amir
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alina Kurolap
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jacob N Ablin
- From the Genetics Institute and Genomics Center (H.B.F., C.C.G., A.M., E.E., Y.A., A.K.), the Departments of Cardiology (D.Z.), Radiology (G.A.), Nephrology (E.E.), Clinical Laboratories (G.S., I.G.), and Internal Medicine H (J.N.A.) and the Institute of Rheumatology (J.N.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and the Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University (H.B.F., D.Z., G.A., I.G., Y.A., J.N.A.) - all in Tel Aviv, Israel
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Gu X, Wang K, Li W, He M, Zhou T, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Corin Deficiency Diminishes Intestinal Sodium Excretion in Mice. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:945. [PMID: 37508377 PMCID: PMC10376046 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sodium excretion, a critical process in sodium homeostasis, occurs in many tissues, including the kidney and intestine. Unlike in the kidney, the hormonal regulation of intestinal sodium excretion remains unclear. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial hormone in renal natriuresis. Corin is a protease critical for ANP activation. Corin and ANP are expressed mainly in the heart. In this study, we investigated corin, ANP, and natriuretic peptide receptor A (Npra) expression in mouse intestines. Corin and ANP expression was co-localized in enteroendocrine cells, whereas Npra expression was on the luminal epithelial cells. In Corin knockout (KO) mice, fecal Na+ and Cl- excretion decreased compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. Such a decrease was not found in conditional Corin KO mice lacking cardiac corin selectively. In kidney conditional Corin KO mice lacking renal corin, fecal Na+ and Cl- excretion increased, compared to that in WT mice. When WT, Corin KO, and the kidney conditional KO mice were treated with aldosterone, the differences in fecal Na+ and Cl- levels disappeared. These results suggest that intestinal corin may promote fecal sodium excretion in a paracrine mechanism independent of the cardiac corin function. The increased fecal sodium excretion in the kidney conditional Corin KO mice likely reflected an intestinal compensatory response to renal corin deficiency. Our results also suggest that intestinal corin activity may antagonize aldosterone action in the promotion of fecal sodium excretion. These findings help us understand the hormonal mechanism controlling sodium excretion the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiabing Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wenguo Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Meiling He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical School, Suzhou 215006, China
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Boroń D, Kornacki J, Gutaj P, Mantaj U, Wirstlein P, Wender-Ozegowska E. Corin-The Early Marker of Preeclampsia in Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010061. [PMID: 36614857 PMCID: PMC9821544 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in pregnant women. Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) patients are prone to vascular complications and preeclampsia, whereas vascular exposure to hyperglycemia induces inflammation, vascular remodeling, and arterial stiffness. Corin is a serine protease, converting inactive pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) into an active form. It also promotes salt and water excretion by activating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and significantly increases trophoblast invasion. The study aimed to determine whether corin may be a predictor of PE in a high-risk group-women with long-term PGDM. The nested case-control prospective study involved 63 patients with long-term pregestational type 1 diabetes (PGDM). In total, 17 patients developed preeclampsia (the study group), whereas 43 patients without PE constituted the control group. To assess corin concentration, blood samples were collected at two time points: between 18th-22nd week of gestation and 28th-32nd week of gestation. PE patients presented significantly higher mid-gestation corin levels, urine protein loss in each trimester, serum creatinine in the third trimester, and lower creatinine clearance in the third trimester. The results of our study indicate that serum corin assessment may play a role in predicting preeclampsia. Thus, it may be included in the PE risk calculator, initially in high-risk groups, such as patients with PGDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Boroń
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- PUMS Doctoral School, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakub Kornacki
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Gutaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Mantaj
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wirstlein
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Wender-Ozegowska
- Department of Reproduction, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Zhou T, Zhang S, Du C, Wang K, Gu X, Sun S, Zhang X, Niu Y, Wang C, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. Renal Corin Is Essential for Normal Blood Pressure and Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911251. [PMID: 36232551 PMCID: PMC9570390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-mediated natriuresis is known as a cardiac endocrine function in sodium and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is a protease essential for ANP activation. Here, we studied the role of renal corin in regulating salt excretion and blood pressure. We created corin conditional knockout (cKO), in which the Corin gene was selectively disrupted in the kidney (kcKO) or heart (hcKO). We examined the blood pressure, urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion, and cardiac hypertrophy in wild-type, corin global KO, kcKO, and hcKO mice fed normal- and high-salt diets. We found that on a normal-salt diet (0.3% NaCl), corin kcKO and hcKO mice had increased blood pressure, indicating that both renal and cardiac corin is necessary for normal blood pressure in mice. On a high-salt diet (4% NaCl), reduced urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion, increased body weight, salt-exacerbated hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy were observed in corin kcKO mice. In contrast, impaired urinary Na+ and Cl− excretion and salt-exacerbated hypertension were not observed in corin hcKO mice. These results indicated that renal corin function is important in enhancing natriuresis upon high salt intakes and that this function cannot be compensated by the cardiac corin function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Zhou
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chunyu Du
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiabing Gu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xianrui Zhang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yayan Niu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Can Wang
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Hematology Center, Cyrus Tang Medical Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (Q.W.)
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8
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Management of edema in pediatric nephrotic syndrome – Underfill or overfill? CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40124-022-00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Corin: A Key Mediator in Sodium Homeostasis, Vascular Remodeling, and Heart Failure. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050717. [PMID: 35625445 PMCID: PMC9138375 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is an important hormone that regulates many physiological and pathological processes, including electrolyte and body fluid balance, blood volume and pressure, cardiac channel activity and function, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, and vascular remodeling. Corin is a transmembrane serine protease that activates ANP. Variants in the CORIN gene are associated with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and preeclampsia. The current data indicate a key role of corin-mediated ANP production and signaling in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the role of corin in sodium homeostasis, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and heart failure. Abstract Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a crucial element of the cardiac endocrine function that promotes natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation, thereby protecting normal blood pressure and cardiac function. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that is highly expressed in the heart, where it converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP activation and causes hypertension and heart disease. In addition to the heart, corin is expressed in other tissues, including those of the kidney, skin, and uterus, where corin-mediated ANP production and signaling act locally to promote sodium excretion and vascular remodeling. These results indicate that corin and ANP function in many tissues via endocrine and autocrine mechanisms. In heart failure patients, impaired natriuretic peptide processing is a common pathological mechanism that contributes to sodium and body fluid retention. In this review, we discuss most recent findings regarding the role of corin in non-cardiac tissues, including the kidney and skin, in regulating sodium homeostasis and body fluid excretion. Moreover, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying corin and ANP function in supporting orderly cellular events in uterine spiral artery remodeling. Finally, we assess the potential of corin-based approaches to enhance natriuretic peptide production and activity as a treatment of heart failure.
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10
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Marcoux AA, Tremblay LE, Slimani S, Fiola MJ, Mac-Way F, Haydock L, Garneau AP, Isenring P. Anatomophysiology of the Henle's Loop: Emphasis on the Thick Ascending Limb. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:3119-3139. [PMID: 34964111 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The loop of Henle plays a variety of important physiological roles through the concerted actions of ion transport systems in both its apical and basolateral membranes. It is involved most notably in extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure regulation as well as Ca2+ , Mg2+ , and acid-base homeostasis because of its ability to reclaim a large fraction of the ultrafiltered solute load. This nephron segment is also involved in urinary concentration by energizing several of the steps that are required to generate a gradient of increasing osmolality from cortex to medulla. Another important role of the loop of Henle is to sustain a process known as tubuloglomerular feedback through the presence of specialized renal tubular cells that lie next to the juxtaglomerular arterioles. This article aims at describing these physiological roles and at discussing a number of the molecular mechanisms involved. It will also report on novel findings and uncertainties regarding the realization of certain processes and on the pathophysiological consequences of perturbed salt handling by the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Since its discovery 150 years ago, the loop of Henle has remained in the spotlight and is now generating further interest because of its role in the renal-sparing effect of SGLT2 inhibitors. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:1-21, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Marcoux
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence E Tremblay
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Slimani
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Jeanne Fiola
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mac-Way
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ludwig Haydock
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre P Garneau
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.,Cardiometabolic Axis, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul Isenring
- Nephrology Research Group, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
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11
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Rao S, Pena C, Shurmur S, Nugent K. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Structure, Function, and Physiological Effects: A Narrative Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2021; 17:e051121191003. [PMID: 33530911 PMCID: PMC8950497 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x17666210202102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac peptide with multiple physiological effects, including natriuresis, blood pressure regulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) antagonism. Pre-proANP is synthesized in the atria and must be extensively cleaved by the protease corin to produce the mature 28 amino acid ANP. The downstream signaling pathway of ANP acts through the guanylyl cyclase receptor and the second messenger cGMP. Studies on ANP's physiological effects have demonstrated its activity on channels present in the apical membrane in the renal nephron, potentially inhibiting or decreasing sodium reabsorption. Recent research has also identified several clinical conditions, such as dilated cardiomyopathy, renal failure, and aging, associated with increased and decreased ANP levels. ANP levels could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of acute stages of heart failure, and ANP infusion could have a role in the management of acute or chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Rao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Camilo Pena
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Scott Shurmur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA; Tel: 18067436847; E-mail:
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12
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Zou T, Yao S, Du MF, Mu JJ, Chu C, Hu GL, Liao YY, Chen C, Wang D, Ma Q, Yan Y, Jia H, Wang KK, Sun Y, Niu ZJ, Zhang X, Yan RC, Man ZY, Ren DF, Wang L, Gao WH, Li H, Wu YX, Li CH, Gao K, Zhang J, Yang TL, Wang Y. Associations of corin genetic polymorphisms with salt sensitivity, blood pressure changes, and hypertension incidence in Chinese adults. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2021; 23:2115-2123. [PMID: 34846782 PMCID: PMC8696215 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Corin, a transmembrane serine protease that can cleave pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (Pro‐ANP) into smaller bioactive molecule atrial natriuretic peptide, has been shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy. We sought to examine the associations of corin genetic variations with salt sensitivity, blood pressure (BP) changes and hypertension incidence. We studied participants of the original Baoji Salt‐Sensitive cohort, recruited from 124 families from seven Chinese villages in 2004 who sequentially received a usual baseline salt diet, a 7‐day low salt diet (3 g/day) and a 7‐day high salt diet (18 g/day), respectively. They were followed up for 8 years (in 2009, 2012) to evaluate the development of hypertension. Corin SNP rs3749584 was significantly associated with diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) response to low‐salt diet, while rs4695253, rs17654278 were associated with pulse pressure (PP) response to low‐salt diet. SNPs rs4695253, rs12509275, rs2351783, rs2271036, rs2271037 were significantly associated with systolic BP (SBP), DBP, and MAP responses to high‐salt diet. In addition, SNPs rs12641823, rs6834933, rs2271036, and rs22710367 were significantly associated with the longitudinal changes in SBP, DBP, MAP, or PP over 8 years of follow‐up. SNP rs73814824 was significantly associated with the incidence of hypertension over 8 years. Gene‐based analysis showed that corin gene was significantly associated with longitudinal BP changes and hypertension incidence after 8‐year follow‐up. This study suggests that corin may play a role in salt sensitivity, BP progression, and development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Shi Yao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Fei Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui-Lin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Jiaxin Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui-Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Feng Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hua Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong-Xing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
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Khoury EE, Fokra A, Kinaneh S, Knaney Y, Aronson D, Abassi Z. Distribution of Cardiac and Renal Corin and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin-6 in the Experimental Model of Cardio-Renal Syndrome of Various Severities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:673497. [PMID: 34733169 PMCID: PMC8558519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.673497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) often leads to progressive cardiac hypertrophy and salt/water retention. However, its pathogenesis remains largely unclarified. Corin, a cardiac serine protease, is responsible for converting proANP and proBNP to biologically active peptides. Although the involvement of corin in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure was extensively studied, the alterations in corin and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6), a key enzyme in the conversion of procorin to corin, has not been studied simultaneously in the cardiac and renal tissues in cardiorenal syndrome. Thus, this study aims to examine the status of PCSK6/corin in the cardiac and renal tissues of rats with CHF induced by the creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF). We divided rats with ACF into two subgroups based on the pattern of their urinary sodium excretion, namely, compensated and decompensated. Placement of ACF led to cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary congestion, and renal dysfunction, which were more profound in the decompensated subgroup. Corin immunoreactive peptides were detected in all heart chambers at the myocyte membranal and cytosolic localization and in the renal tissue, especially in the apical membrane of the proximal tubule, mTAL, and the collecting duct. Interestingly, the expression and abundance of corin in both the cardiac ventricles and renal tissues were significantly increased in compensated animals as compared with the decompensated state. Noteworthy, the abundance of PCSK6 in these tissues followed a similar pattern as corin. In contrast, furin expression was upregulated in the cardiac and renal tissues in correlation with CHF severity. We hypothesize that the obtained upregulation of cardiac and renal PCSK6/corin in rats with compensated CHF may represent a compensatory response aiming at maintaining normal Na+ balance, whereas the decline in these two enzymes may contribute to the pathogenesis of avid sodium retention, cardiac hypertrophy, and blunted atrial natriuretic peptide/brain natriuretic peptide actions in decompensated CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad E Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ahmad Fokra
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Safa Kinaneh
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yara Knaney
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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14
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Function and regulation of corin in physiology and disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1905-1916. [PMID: 33125488 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is of major importance in the maintenance of electrolyte balance and normal blood pressure. Reduced plasma ANP levels are associated with the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Corin is a type II transmembrane serine protease that converts the ANP precursor to mature ANP. Corin deficiency prevents ANP generation and alters electrolyte and body fluid homeostasis. Corin is synthesized as a zymogen that is proteolytically activated on the cell surface. Factors that disrupt corin folding, intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation are expected to impair corin function. To date, CORIN variants that reduce corin activity have been identified in hypertensive patients. In addition to the heart, corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues, where corin and ANP participate in diverse physiological processes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge in corin biosynthesis and post-translational modifications. We also discuss tissue-specific corin expression and function in physiology and disease.
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15
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Choi MR, Fernández BE. Protective Renal Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Where Are We Now? Front Physiol 2021; 12:680213. [PMID: 34135773 PMCID: PMC8202499 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.680213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide belongs to the family of natriuretic peptides, a system with natriuretic, diuretic, and vasodilator effects that opposes to renin-angiotensin system. In addition to its classic actions, atrial natriuretic peptide exerts a nephroprotective effect given its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, turning it as a beneficial agent against acute and chronic kidney diseases. This minireview describes the most relevant aspects of atrial natriuretic peptide in the kidney, including its renal synthesis, physiological actions through specific receptors, the importance of its metabolism, and its potential use in different pathological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Roberto Choi
- Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Anatomía e Histología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Fundación H.A. Barceló, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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16
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Sholokh A, Klussmann E. Local cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling cascades-Roles and targets in chronic kidney disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13641. [PMID: 33660401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood and treatment options are limited, a situation underpinning the need for elucidating the causative molecular mechanisms and for identifying innovative treatment options. It is emerging that cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling occurs in defined cellular compartments within nanometre dimensions in processes whose dysregulation is associated with CKD. cAMP compartmentalization is tightly controlled by a specific set of proteins, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). AKAPs such as AKAP18, AKAP220, AKAP-Lbc and STUB1, and PDE4 coordinate arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-induced water reabsorption by collecting duct principal cells. However, hyperactivation of the AVP system is associated with kidney damage and CKD. Podocyte injury involves aberrant AKAP signalling. cAMP signalling in immune cells can be local and slow the progression of inflammatory processes typical for CKD. A major risk factor of CKD is hypertension. cAMP directs the release of the blood pressure regulator, renin, from juxtaglomerular cells, and plays a role in Na+ reabsorption through ENaC, NKCC2 and NCC in the kidney. Mutations in the cAMP hydrolysing PDE3A that cause lowering of cAMP lead to hypertension. Another major risk factor of CKD is diabetes mellitus. AKAP18 and AKAP150 and several PDEs are involved in insulin release. Despite the increasing amount of data, an understanding of functions of compartmentalized cAMP signalling with relevance for CKD is fragmentary. Uncovering functions will improve the understanding of physiological processes and identification of disease-relevant aberrations may guide towards new therapeutic concepts for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Berlin Germany
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17
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He M, Zhou T, Niu Y, Feng W, Gu X, Xu W, Zhang S, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Dong L, Liu M, Dong N, Wu Q. The protease corin regulates electrolyte homeostasis in eccrine sweat glands. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001090. [PMID: 33591965 PMCID: PMC7909636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweating is a basic skin function in body temperature control. In sweat glands, salt excretion and reabsorption are regulated to avoid electrolyte imbalance. To date, the mechanism underlying such regulation is not fully understood. Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone essential for normal blood volume and pressure. Here, we report an unexpected role of corin in sweat glands to promote sweat and salt excretion in regulating electrolyte homeostasis. In human and mouse eccrine sweat glands, corin and ANP are expressed in the luminal epithelial cells. In corin-deficient mice on normal- and high-salt diets, sweat and salt excretion is reduced. This phenotype is associated with enhanced epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity that mediates Na+ and water reabsorption. Treatment of amiloride, an ENaC inhibitor, normalizes sweat and salt excretion in corin-deficient mice. Moreover, treatment of aldosterone decreases sweat and salt excretion in wild-type (WT), but not corin-deficient, mice. These results reveal an important regulatory function of corin in eccrine sweat glands to promote sweat and salt excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling He
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, the People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yayan Niu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wansheng Feng
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiabing Gu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States of America
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Zhang C, Chen Y, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang L, Luo Z, Liu M, Dong L, Dong N, Wu Q. A conserved LDL-receptor motif regulates corin and CD320 membrane targeting in polarized renal epithelial cells. eLife 2020; 9:56059. [PMID: 33136001 PMCID: PMC7605860 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective protein distribution on distinct plasma membranes is important for epithelial cell function. To date, how proteins are directed to specific epithelial cell surface is not fully understood. Here we report a conserved DSSDE motif in LDL-receptor (LDLR) modules of corin (a transmembrane serine protease) and CD320 (a receptor for vitamin B12 uptake), which regulates apical membrane targeting in renal epithelial cells. Altering this motif prevents specific apical corin and CD320 expression in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Mechanistic studies indicate that this DSSDE motif participates in a Rab11a-dependent mechanism that specifies apical sorting. In MDCK cells, inhibition of Rab11a, but not Rab11b, expression leads to corin and CD320 expression on both apical and basolateral membranes. Together, our results reveal a novel molecular recognition mechanism that regulates LDLR module-containing proteins in their specific apical expression in polarized renal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shijin Sun
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yikai Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhipu Luo
- Institute of Molecular Enzymology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, United States
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19
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Lee SJ, Lee DH, Kim HW. Novel Antihypertension Mechanism of β-Glucan by Corin and ANP-Mediated Natriuresis in Mice. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 48:399-409. [PMID: 33177919 PMCID: PMC7580771 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1812150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many of the β-glucans are known to have antihypertensive activities, but, except for angiotensin-converting enzyme II inhibition, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Corin is an atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-converting enzyme. Activated corin cleaves pro-ANP to ANP, which regulates water-sodium balance and lowers blood pressure. Here, we reported a novel antihypertensive mechanism of β-glucans, involved with corin and ANP in mice. We showed that multiple oral administrations of β-glucan induced the expression of corin and ANP, and also increased natriuresis in mice. Microarray analysis showed that corin gene expression was only upregulated in mice liver by multiple, not single, oral administrations of the β-glucan fraction of Phellinus baumii (BGF). Corin was induced in liver and kidney tissues by the β-glucans from zymosan and barley, as well as by BGF. In addition to P. baumii, β-glucans from two other mushrooms, Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum, also induced corin mRNA expression in mouse liver. ELISA immunoassays showed that ANP production was increased in liver tissue by all the β-glucans tested, but not in the heart and kidney. Urinary sodium excretion was significantly increased by treatment with β-glucans in the order of BGF, zymosan, and barley, both in 1% normal and 10% high-sodium diets. In conclusion, we found that the oral administration of β-glucans could induce corin expression, ANP production, and sodium excretion in mice. Our findings will be helpful for investigations of β-glucans in corin and ANP-related fields, including blood pressure, salt-water balance, and circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jung Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Won Kim
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Ha Won Kim
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20
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Membrane-anchored serine proteases as regulators of epithelial function. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:517-528. [PMID: 32196551 PMCID: PMC9869603 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of proteins in the extracellular milieu, including hormones, growth factors and their receptors, ion channels, and various cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules, plays a key role in the regulation of cell behavior. Among more than 500 proteolytic enzymes encoded by mammalian genomes, membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs), which are expressed on the surface of epithelial cells of all major organs, are excellently suited to mediate signal transduction across the epithelia and are increasingly being recognized as important regulators of epithelial development, function, and disease [ 1-3]. In this minireview, we summarize current knowledge of the in vivo roles of MASPs in acquisition and maintenance of some of the defining functions of epithelial tissues, such as barrier formation, ion transport, and sensory perception.
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21
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Degrelle SA, Chissey A, Stepanian A, Fournier T, Guibourdenche J, Mandelbrot L, Tsatsaris V. Placental Overexpression of Soluble CORIN in Preeclampsia. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:970-976. [PMID: 32084366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disease of pregnancy associated with substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. CORIN is a transmembrane type II serine protease expressed in cardiomyocytes that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide into atrial natriuretic peptide, a cardiac hormone that regulates blood pressure. High levels of soluble CORIN have been reported in PE and are supposed to be cardiac in origin. We hypothesized that during pregnancy soluble CORIN is released by the syncytiotrophoblast and that increased levels of soluble CORIN in preeclampsia originate from placenta. A total of 375 patients (181 PE patients and 194 controls) were analyzed. High levels of soluble CORIN were confirmed in maternal blood from preeclamptic pregnancies compared with controls. Differentiated primary villous cytotrophoblasts showed that CORIN was expressed (mRNA and protein levels) and secreted by trophoblastic cells, mostly by the syncytiotrophoblast. Finally, placental explants showed a significant increase in CORIN production and secretion in PE cases compared with controls. This study showed that CORIN is secreted by trophoblastic cells and that high levels of soluble CORIN in preeclampsia have a placental origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine A Degrelle
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France.
| | - Audrey Chissey
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Alain Stepanian
- Department of Biological Haematology, Lariboisière Hospital, Public Assistance-Paris Hospitals (AP-HP), Paris, France; University Institute of Hematology, Saint Louis Hospital, University of Paris Diderot, EA3518, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Jean Guibourdenche
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; Department of Biological Endocrinology, Cochin University Hospital Center, Louis Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mandelbrot
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Louis Mourier Hospital, AP-HP, Colombes, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; University Hospital Federations (FHU) PREMA, Paris, France
| | - Vassilis Tsatsaris
- Université de Paris, National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-S1139, 3PHM, Paris, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, France; University Hospital Federations (FHU) PREMA, Paris, France; Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, Port-Royal Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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22
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Gökçe Kütük S, Gökçe G, Kütük M, Gürses Cila HE, Nazıroğlu M. Curcumin enhances cisplatin-induced human laryngeal squamous cancer cell death through activation of TRPM2 channel and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17784. [PMID: 31780732 PMCID: PMC6882809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, laryngeal tumor cells were killed through the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ influx by cisplatin (CISP). Nevertheless, a resistance was determined against CISP treatment in the tumor cells. We have investigated the stimulating role of curcumin (CURC) on CISP-induced human laryngeal squamous cancer (Hep2) cell death through TRPM2 channel activation, and its protective role against the adverse effects of CISP in normal kidney (MPK) cells. Hep2 and MPK cells were divided into four groups as control group, CURC group (10μM for 24 hrs), CISP group (25 μM for 24 hrs), and CURC + CISP combination group. CISP-induced decrease of cell viability, cell count, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione level in Hep2 cells were further increased by CURC treatment, but the CISP-induced normal MPK cell death was reduced by the treatment. CISP-induced increase of apoptosis, Ca2+ fluorescence intensity, TRPM2 expression and current densities through the increase of lipid peroxidation, intracellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress were stimulated by CURC treatment. In conclusion, CISP-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS and cell death levels in Hep2 cells were further enhanced through the increase of TRPM2 activation with the effect of CURC treatment. CISP-induced drug resistance in Hep2 cells might be reduced by CURC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gökçe Kütük
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Gökçen Gökçe
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kütük
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Aydın State Hospital, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Hacer Esra Gürses Cila
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Drug Discovery Unit, BSN Health, Analysis and Innovation Ltd. Inc. Teknokent, Isparta, Turkey.
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23
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Xue M, Shi Y, Pang A, Men L, Hu Y, Zhou P, Long G, Tian X, Wang R, Zhao Y, Liao X, Shen Y, Cui Y. Corin plays a protective role via upregulating MAPK and downregulating eNOS in diabetic nephropathy endothelial dysfunction. FASEB J 2019; 34:95-106. [PMID: 31914697 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900531rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of mortality in diabetic patients, but its pathogenesis is unclear. We aimed to study the role of the pro-ANP convertase Corin in the pathogenesis of DN. Corin and ANP expression in DN rat kidneys and high-glucose-treated HK-2 cells was analyzed by real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The effect of Corin-siRNA or ANP-siRNA HK-2 cells on EA.hy926 cell migration was determined by scratch-wound healing assay. The expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in EA.hy926 cells treated with conditioned medium from Corin-siRNA- or ANP-siRNA-transfected HK-2 cells was determined by western blotting. We found a significant reduction in Corin and ANP expression in DN rat kidneys. These results were recapitulated in HK-2 cells treated with high glucose. EA.hy926 cells treated with conditioned medium from Corin-deficient HK-2 cells had inhibited migration, increased MAPK activity, and decreased eNOS activity. Similar effects were observed with ANP-siRNA transfection. Finally, adding ANP to the Corin-deficient HK-2 conditioned medium rescued the above defects, indicating that Corin mediates its effects through ANP. In conclusion, Corin plays a renoprotective role through pro-ANP processing, and defects in Corin cause endothelial dysfunction through MAPK and eNOS signaling in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiting Xue
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Shi
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiming Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Men
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xudong Liao
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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24
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Nazıroğlu M, Çiğ B, Yazğan Y, Schwaerzer GK, Theilig F, Pecze L. Albumin evokes Ca 2+-induced cell oxidative stress and apoptosis through TRPM2 channel in renal collecting duct cells reduced by curcumin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12403. [PMID: 31455864 PMCID: PMC6711968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48716-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In proteinuric nephropathies of chronic kidney disease, the epithelial cells of the nephron including the collecting duct are exposed to high concentrations of luminal albumin. Albumin is taken up from collecting duct cells by endocytosis causing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and a proinflammatory response. Curcumin used in the traditional medicine possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. ROS and ADP-ribose (ADPR) activate the cation channel TRPM2. We hypothesize, that albumin-induced cell stress and proinflammatory response are mediated by Ca2+ and can be reduced by curcumin. The cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells mpkCCDc14 exhibit spontaneous and inducible Ca2+ oscillations, which can be blocked by pre-treatment with curcumin. Curcumin accumulates in plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles, where it interferes with TRPM2 and decreases the influx of Ca2+. Albumin reduces cell viability and increases apoptosis, NF-κB activation, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization via Ca2+-dependent signaling, which results in increased ROS production. Albumin-induced cell stress is diminished by the inhibition of TRPM2 after administration of curcumin and ADPR (PARP1) inhibitors. Curcumin did not reduce the Ca2+ elevation induced by thapsigargin in Ca2+-free medium, but it reduced the function of store-operated Ca2+ channels and ATP-evoked Ca2+ response. In conclusion, albumin-induced oxidative stress is mediated by Ca2+-dependent signaling via TRPM2 and leads to cell damage and a proinflammatory response, strengthening the role of CCD cells in the progression of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. .,Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Bilal Çiğ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Yener Yazğan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.,Department of Neuroscience, Health Science Institute, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | | | - Franziska Theilig
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. .,Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - László Pecze
- Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Independent Scientist, Neuchhatel, Switzerland
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25
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Kumari M, Kovach T, Sheehy B, Zabell A, Morales R, Moodley SJ, Shah YG, Maroo PV, Maroo AP, Tang WHW. Circulating NT-proBNP but not soluble corin levels were associated with preeclampsia in pregnancy-associated hypertension. Clin Biochem 2019; 67:12-15. [PMID: 30890412 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corin is a serine protease known to convert B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) prohormone into BNP and its amino-terminal fragment (NT-proBNP). In mice lacking corin, high blood pressure and proteinuria were found at late gestational stages, with associated delayed trophoblast invasion and impaired spiral artery remodeling in the uterus. We hypothesize that both NT-proBNP and soluble corin elevation predict the presence of preeclampsia in pregnant patients with hypertension. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 149 pregnant women with a history of chronic hypertension or gestational hypertension presenting at a tertiary-care hospital. We compared plasma NT-proBNP and soluble corin concentrations based on their preeclamptic status. RESULTS In our study cohort, 62 patients with preeclampsia had lower gestational age than 87 patients without preeclampsia (33.3 ± 3 versus 36.6 ± 3 weeks; P < .001), otherwise the baseline characteristics were similar. We observed higher NT-proBNP concentrations in patients with preeclampsia compared to those without preeclampsia (304.3 [96.34, 570.4] vs. 60.8 [35.61, 136.8] ng/L, P < .001), with no differences between chronic and gestational hypertension. However, the concentration of corin was not statistically different between the two groups (1756 [1214, 2133] vs. 1571 [1171, 1961] ng/L, P = .1087). ROC curve analysis demonstrated stronger predictive value of NT-proBNP compared to soluble corin in predicting the presence of preeclampsia in our study population (AUC 0.7406 vs. 0.5789, P < .0001). CONCLUSION While corin may contribute to mechanistic underpinnings of the development of preeclampsia in animal models, soluble corin likely has no diagnostic role in human pregnancies for preeclampsia beyond natriuretic peptide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Kumari
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Tracy Kovach
- Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Brendan Sheehy
- Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH, United States of America
| | - Allyson Zabell
- Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, United States of America
| | - Rommel Morales
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sangithan Jules Moodley
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fairview General Hospital, Fairview Park, OH, United States of America
| | - Yogesh G Shah
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fairview General Hospital, Fairview Park, OH, United States of America
| | - Praful V Maroo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fairview General Hospital, Fairview Park, OH, United States of America
| | - Anjli P Maroo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fairview General Hospital, Fairview Park, OH, United States of America
| | - W H Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Center for Clinical Genomics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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26
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Gupta S, Pepper RJ, Ashman N, Walsh SB. Nephrotic Syndrome: Oedema Formation and Its Treatment With Diuretics. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1868. [PMID: 30697163 PMCID: PMC6341062 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Oedema is a defining element of the nephrotic syndrome. Its' management varies considerably between clinicians, with no national or international clinical guidelines, and hence variable outcomes. Oedema may have serious sequelae such as immobility, skin breakdown and local or systemic infection. Treatment of nephrotic oedema is often of limited efficacy, with frequent side-effects and interactions with other pharmacotherapy. Here, we describe the current paradigms of oedema in nephrosis, including insights into emerging mechanisms such as the role of the abnormal activation of the epithelial sodium channel in the collecting duct. We then discuss the physiological basis for traditional and novel therapies for the treatment of nephrotic oedema. Despite being the cardinal symptom of nephrosis, few clinical studies guide clinicians to the rational use of therapy. This is reflected in the scarcity of publications in this field; it is time to undertake new clinical trials to direct clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Gupta
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J Pepper
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Ashman
- Renal Unit, The Royal London Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- UCL Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Corin Is Downregulated in Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Is Associated with Delayed Graft Function after Kidney Transplantation. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9429323. [PMID: 30766618 PMCID: PMC6350528 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9429323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most important risk factors for the occurrence of delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation; however, its mechanism remains not fully understood. In the present study, we screened differentially expressed genes in a murine model of renal IR injury by using high-throughput assays. We identified Corin as one of the most significantly downregulated genes among 2218 differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold, P < 0.05). By using a real-time qPCR assay, we observed that the expression of renal Corin in IR-injured mice was reduced to 11.5% of the sham-operated mice and that the protein level of renal Corin in IR-injured mice was also downregulated. Interestingly, renal IR injury in mice induced the downregulation of Corin in heart tissues, suggesting that the overall synthesis of Corin may be suppressed. We recruited 11 recipients complicated with DGF and 16 without DGF, and plasma Corin concentrations were determined by ELISA. We observed that the plasma Corin levels were indeed reduced in recipients complicated with DGF (0.98 vs. 1.95 ng/ml, P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that Corin may be a potential biomarker of DGF after kidney transplantation and may participate in the regulation of renal IR injury.
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28
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Shatat IF, Becton LJ, Woroniecki RP. Hypertension in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2019; 7:287. [PMID: 31380323 PMCID: PMC6646680 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2019.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension (HTN) is commonly encountered by clinicians treating children with steroid sensitive (SSNS) and steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Although the prevalence of HTN in SSNS is less documented than in SRNS, recent studies reported high prevalence in both. Studies have estimated the prevalence of HTN in different patient populations with NS to range from 8 to 59.1%. Ambulatory HTN, abnormalities in BP circadian rhythm, and measures of BP variability are prevalent in patients with NS. Multiple mechanisms and co-morbidities contribute to the pathophysiology of HTN in children with NS. Some contributing factors are known to cause acute and episodic elevations in blood pressure such as fluid shifts, sodium retention, and medication side effects (steroids, CNIs). Others are associated with chronic and more sustained HTN such as renal fibrosis, decreased GFR, and progression of chronic kidney disease. Children with NS are more likely to suffer from other cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity, increased measures of arterial stiffness [increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), endothelial dysfunction, increased pulse wave velocity (PWV)], impaired glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), left ventricular dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. Those risk factors have been associated with premature death in adults. In this review on HTN in patients with NS, we will discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with NS, as well as management aspects of HTN in children with NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Shatat
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell College of Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lauren J Becton
- Private Practice Practitioner, Pediatric Nephrology, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert P Woroniecki
- Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Stony Brook Children's Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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29
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Yu R, Han X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang T. Circulating soluble corin as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular diseases: A translational review. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Jiang J, Zhou Q, Sun M, Zuo F, Jiang J. Corin is highly expressed in atherosclerosis models. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 504:440-446. [PMID: 30195494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Corin is a serine protease mainly expressed in the heart, where it regulates blood pressure and cardiac function through activating pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to ANP. Its expression has also been detected in non-cardiac tissues. However, there is no report so far about the distribution and function of corin in aorta and in related diseases such as atherosclerosis. This study was the first to explore corin expression in aorta both under normal conditions and in atherosclerosis models. In vivo, we found corin had a basal level of expression in aortas, mainly in intimal endothelial cells and was significantly elevated in mouse atherosclerosis model. Moreover, we observed pro-ANP, the specific substrate of corin, was also expressed in mice aortas and increased in mouse atherosclerosis model. In vitro, we further demonstrated corin expression in cultured vascular endothelial cells and its induced expression after ox-LDL stimulation. Our results suggested that corin may play important roles in aorta physiology and in the pathophysiological process of atherosclerosis in an autocrine manner and has potential clinical value for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fuwen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Garten W, Klenk HD. Membrane-Anchored Serine Proteases: Host Cell Factors in Proteolytic Activation of Viral Glycoproteins. ACTIVATION OF VIRUSES BY HOST PROTEASES 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122464 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-75474-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over one third of all known proteolytic enzymes are serine proteases. Among these, the trypsin-like serine proteases comprise one of the best characterized subfamilies due to their essential roles in blood coagulation, food digestion, fibrinolysis, or immunity. Trypsin-like serine proteases possess primary substrate specificity for basic amino acids. Most of the well-characterized trypsin-like proteases such as trypsin, plasmin, or urokinase are soluble proteases that are secreted into the extracellular environment. At the turn of the millennium, a number of novel trypsin-like serine proteases have been identified that are anchored in the cell membrane, either by a transmembrane domain at the N- or C-terminus or via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Meanwhile more than 20 membrane-anchored serine proteases (MASPs) have been identified in human and mouse, and some of them have emerged as key regulators of mammalian development and homeostasis. Thus, the MASP corin and TMPRSS6/matriptase-2 have been demonstrated to be the activators of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and key regulator of hepcidin expression, respectively. Furthermore, MASPs have been recognized as host cell factors activating respiratory viruses including influenza virus as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. In particular, transmembrane protease serine S1 member 2 (TMPRSS2) has been shown to be essential for proteolytic activation and consequently spread and pathogenesis of a number of influenza A viruses in mice and as a factor associated with severe influenza virus infection in humans. This review gives an overview on the physiological functions of the fascinating and rapidly evolving group of MASPs and a summary of the current knowledge on their role in proteolytic activation of viral fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Dieter Klenk
- 0000 0004 1936 9756grid.10253.35Institut für Virologie, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Chen L, Chu C, Wang Y, Lv Y, He M, Martin M, Huang PH, Mu JJ, Shyy JYJ, Yuan ZY. Short-Term High-Salt Diet Increases Corin Level to Regulate the Salt-Water Balance in Humans and Rodents. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:253-260. [PMID: 28985241 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary sodium and potassium affect the fluctuation in blood pressure (BP) and renal function. Corin, with its enzymatic activity to convert pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to biologically active ANP, regulates BP, cardiac, and renal functions. We investigated whether corin expression responds to a high-salt (HS) diet to regulate salt and water balance. METHODS Forty-two volunteers followed 3 sequential diets for 7 days each: a low-salt (LS) diet (3.0 g/day NaCl), a HS diet (18.0 g/day NaCl), followed by an HS diet with K+ supplementation (HS + K+) (18.0 g/day NaCl and 4.5 g/day KCl). RESULTS Corin level was higher with the HS diet than the LS and HS + K+ diets and was positively correlated with systolic BP (SBP) and 24-hour urinary Na+ and microalbumin (U-mALB) excretion. In rodents, serum and renal levels of corin were transiently increased with the HS diet and were decreased if the HS diet was continued for up to 7 days. HS loading increased SBP, 24-hour urinary Na+, U-mALB excretion, and the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 (PCSK6), a corin activator. Knockdown of PCSK6 or corin in high salt-treated M1-cortical collecting duct (M1-CCD) cells increased the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and β-epithelial Na+ channel (β-ENaC). CONCLUSIONS Short-term HS may induce the PCSK6-corin-ANP-AQP2/β-ENaC pathway in the kidney. Enhanced serum corin level in humans and rodents is positively correlated with HS-induced SBP and 24-hour urinary Na+ and U-mALB excretion, which suggests that corin is involved in the salt-water balance in response to HS intake. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Public Trials Registry Number NCT02915315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yanjun Yin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yongbo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
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Gu Y, Thompson D, Xu J, Lewis DF, Morgan JA, Cooper DB, McCathran CE, Wang Y. Aberrant pro-atrial natriuretic peptide/corin/natriuretic peptide receptor signaling is present in maternal vascular endothelium in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2017. [PMID: 29523263 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corin is a serine protease that converts pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiac hormone that regulates salt-water balance and blood pressure. ANP is degraded by natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR). This study was to determine if aberrant pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is present in maternal vascular system in preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Maternal venous blood was obtained from 197 pregnant women (84 normotensive, 16 complicated with chronic hypertension (CHT), 11 mild and 86 severe preeclampsia). Plasma corin and pro-ANP concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Maternal subcutaneous fat tissue was obtained from 12 pregnant women with cesarean section delivery (6 normotensive and 6 preeclampsia). Vascular ANP and its receptors NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C expression were examined by immunostaining of paraffin embedded subcutaneous fat tissue sections. RESULTS Corin concentrations were significantly higher in mild (2.78 ± 0.67 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe (2.53 ± 0.18 ng/ml, p < .01) preeclampsia than in normotensive (1.58 ± 0.08 ng/ml) and CHT (1.55 ± 0.20 ng/ml) groups. Pro-ANP concentrations were significantly higher in CHT (1.59 ± 0.53 ng/ml, p < .05) and severe preeclampsia (1.42 ± 0.24 ng/ml, p < .01) than in normotensive (0.48 ± 0.06 ng/ml) and mild preeclampsia (0.52 ± 0.09 ng/ml) groups. ANP and NPR-B expression was undetectable in maternal vessels from normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies, but reduced NPR-A expression and increased NPR-C expression was found in maternal vessel endothelium in preeclampsia. CONCLUSIONS ANP is a vasodilator and NPR-C is a clearance receptor for ANP. The finding of upregulation of NPR-C expression suggests that circulating ANP clearance or degradation is increased in preeclampsia. These results also suggest that pro-ANP/corin/NPR signaling is dominant in the vascular system in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Donna Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA; Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - David F Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John A Morgan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Danielle B Cooper
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Charles E McCathran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, LA, USA.
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Zhou H, Zhu J, Liu M, Wu Q, Dong N. Role of the protease corin in chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:973-982. [PMID: 28714548 DOI: 10.1002/term.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potency to differentiate into chondrocytes, osteocytes and adipocytes. Corin is a cardiac protease that activates the natriuretic peptides, thereby regulating blood volume and pressure. In addition to the heart, corin gene upregulation was reported in bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs that underwent osteogenic differentiation. To date, the biological significance of corin expression in MSC differentiation remains unknown. In this study we isolated and cultured human bone marrow-derived MSCs that were capable of undergoing chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineage differentiation. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunostaining, we found that corin expression was upregulated when these MSCs underwent chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. The upregulation of corin expression was most significant in the cells undergoing chondrogenic lineage differentiation. Silencing corin gene expression by small hairpin RNA in the MSCs inhibited chondrogenic, but not osteogenic and adipogenic, differentiation. These results suggest a novel function of corin in MSC differentiation and chondrocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinsong Zhu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Sun C, Shen L, Sha W, Zhou L, Xu D, Dong N. IL-1β increases urinary corin in patients with primary proteinuric kidney diseases and in 293 cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:487-493. [PMID: 29387201 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Corin is a serine protease that is important for the regulation of blood pressure and water balance. Corin was initially discovered in the heart, however, it has also been detected in kidney cells, though its function in the kidneys is unclear. To further investigate the function of corin in the kidney, the present study analyzed the levels of corin in urine and blood samples collected from normal individuals and patients with primary proteinuric diseases. The associations between the levels of corin, and the cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were then assessed. The results demonstrated that corin was detectable in the urine and plasma following an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; the level of corin in the urine was associated with the level of urinary β2-microglobulin (P=0.01), which was indicative of renal tubular injury. When compared with normal individuals, the levels of urinary corin in proteinuric patients were markedly increased (P=0.02), and were also associated with IL-1β (P=0.03). This correlation between corin and IL-1β was confirmed in vitro using 293 cells. As the IL-1β concentrations increased (0, 0.1, 1, 10 ng/ml), an elevation in the level of corin was observed in the culture medium (P<0.01); however, the amount of corin was not markedly altered in the cell lysate (P>0.05). In addition, when TNF-α reached 10 ng/ml, the level of corin in the medium increased significantly when compared with the control group (0 ng/ml; P=0.02), however, no significant difference in corin levels was detected in the cell lysate. The results suggest that the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α may increase urinary corin in patients with primary proteinuric kidney diseases. Cytokines may accelerate corin shedding from the cell membrane of renal tubule epithelial cells. These findings indicate that corin may be associated with kidney inflammation and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Wengang Sha
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Deyu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- The Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), an important hormone in regulating salt-water balance and blood pressure. This review focuses on the regulation of corin function and potential roles of corin defects in hypertensive, heart, and renal diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-6 has been identified as a primary enzyme that converts zymogen corin to an active protease. Genetic variants that impair corin intracellular trafficking, cell surface expression, and zymogen activation have been found in patients with hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and pre-eclampsia. Reduced corin expression has been detected in animal models of cardiomyopathies and in human failing hearts. Low levels of circulating soluble corin have been reported in patients with heart disease and stroke. Corin, ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A mRNAs, and proteins have been colocalized in human renal segments, suggesting a corin-ANP autocrine function in the kidney. SUMMARY Corin is a key enzyme in the natriuretic peptide system. The latest findings indicate that corin-mediated ANP production may act in a tissue-specific manner to regulate cardiovascular and renal function. Corin defects may contribute to major diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Shen K, Johnson DW, Gobe GC. The role of cGMP and its signaling pathways in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F671-F681. [PMID: 27413196 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide signal transduction pathways are an emerging research field in kidney disease. Activated cell surface receptors transduce their signals via intracellular second messengers such as cAMP and cGMP. There is increasing evidence that regulation of the cGMP-cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1-phosphodiesterase (cGMP-cGK1-PDE) signaling pathway may be renoprotective. Selective PDE5 inhibitors have shown potential in treating kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), via their downstream signaling, and these inhibitors also have known activity as antithrombotic and anticancer agents. This review gives an outline of the cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling pathways and details the downstream signaling and regulatory functions that are modulated by cGK1 and PDE inhibitors with regard to antifibrotic, antithrombotic, and antitumor activity. Current evidence that supports the renoprotective effects of regulating cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling is also summarized. Finally, the effects of icariin, a natural plant extract with PDE5 inhibitory function, are discussed. We conclude that regulation of cGMP-cGK1-PDE signaling might provide novel, therapeutic strategies for the worsening global public health problem of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Shen
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glenda C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
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Localization of corin and atrial natriuretic peptide expression in human renal segments. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1655-64. [PMID: 27343265 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-mediated natriuretic response is a well-established cardiac endocrine function. Corin is a transmembrane protease that activates ANP in the heart. Corin expression has been detected in non-cardiac tissues including the kidney. Here we examined corin, pro-ANP/ANP and natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) expression in human renal segments. By immunostaining and in situ hybridization, we found similar corin, pro-ANP/ANP and NPR-A protein and mRNA expression in human renal segments. The expression was most abundant in the proximal convoluted tubules and the medullary connecting ducts. In the proximal tubules, corin protein was present in the apical membrane region underneath the brush border where the ANP-degrading protease neprilysin was abundant. These results suggest that corin-mediated pro-ANP activation may occur in renal segments and that locally produced ANP may act in an autocrine manner to regulate sodium and water reabsorption in situ Our results also point to the proximal convoluted tubules as a major site for local ANP action. Such a renal corin/ANP autocrine mechanism may differ from the cardiac corin/ANP endocrine mechanism in regulating sodium homoeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Abstract
cGMP controls many cellular functions ranging from growth, viability, and differentiation to contractility, secretion, and ion transport. The mammalian genome encodes seven transmembrane guanylyl cyclases (GCs), GC-A to GC-G, which mainly modulate submembrane cGMP microdomains. These GCs share a unique topology comprising an extracellular domain, a short transmembrane region, and an intracellular COOH-terminal catalytic (cGMP synthesizing) region. GC-A mediates the endocrine effects of atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides regulating arterial blood pressure/volume and energy balance. GC-B is activated by C-type natriuretic peptide, stimulating endochondral ossification in autocrine way. GC-C mediates the paracrine effects of guanylins on intestinal ion transport and epithelial turnover. GC-E and GC-F are expressed in photoreceptor cells of the retina, and their activation by intracellular Ca(2+)-regulated proteins is essential for vision. Finally, in the rodent system two olfactorial GCs, GC-D and GC-G, are activated by low concentrations of CO2and by peptidergic (guanylins) and nonpeptidergic odorants as well as by coolness, which has implications for social behaviors. In the past years advances in human and mouse genetics as well as the development of sensitive biosensors monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cGMP in living cells have provided novel relevant information about this receptor family. This increased our understanding of the mechanisms of signal transduction, regulation, and (dys)function of the membrane GCs, clarified their relevance for genetic and acquired diseases and, importantly, has revealed novel targets for therapies. The present review aims to illustrate these different features of membrane GCs and the main open questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kuhn
- Institute of Physiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Pang A, Hu Y, Zhou P, Long G, Tian X, Men L, Shen Y, Liu Y, Cui Y. Corin is down-regulated and exerts cardioprotective action via activating pro-atrial natriuretic peptide pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:134. [PMID: 26446774 PMCID: PMC4597453 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a fatal cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus, often leads to progressive heart failure, however its pathogenesis remains unclear. Corin, a cardiac serine protease, is responsible for converting pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (pro-ANP) to biologically active atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). It has been well established that corin deficiency is associated with the progression of hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, because the involvement of corin-mediated pro-ANP processing in DCM has not been clarified, this study aims to investigate the role of corin in the pathogenesis of DCM. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ 65 mg/kg) to Sprague–Dawley rats (180–220 g). DCM was confirmed by monitoring continuously transthoracic echocardiography every 4 weeks and hemodynamic measurements at 20 weeks. Myocardial disorder and fibrosis were detected by HE staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. The mRNA and protein levels of corin and ANP in rat hearts and cardiomyocytes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts proliferation was detected by MTT colorimetric assay and viable cell counting with trypan blue. The effect of Corin-siRNA H9c2 cardiomyoblasts on EA.hy926 cells migration was measured by the wound healing scratch assay. Results The corin and ANP expression in mRNA and protein levels was decreased in DCM rat hearts. Corin and ANP levels of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts treated with high glucose were significantly lower than that of normal glucose treated. Precisely, corin and ANP levels decreased in DCM rats at 12, 16, 20 and 33 weeks; neonatal cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts treated with high glucose at 36, 48 and 60 h demonstrated significant reduction in corin and ANP levels. Corin-siRNA H9c2 cardiomyoblasts showed decreased proliferation. Culture supernatants of Corin-siRNA H9c2 cardiomyoblasts prevented endothelial cell line EA.hy926 migration in the wound healing scratch assay. Furthermore, iso-lectin expression in arteriole and capillary endothelium was down-regulated in DCM rats. Conclusions Our results indicate that corin plays an important role in cardioprotection by activating pro-atrial natriuretic peptide pathway in DCM. Corin deficiency leads to endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-015-0298-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiming Pang
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Yahui Hu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Guangfeng Long
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Xin Tian
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Li Men
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Yanna Shen
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Yunde Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Yujie Cui
- School of Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University, No. 1 Guangdong Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300203, China.
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Teoh CW, Robinson LA, Noone D. Perspectives on edema in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F575-82. [PMID: 26290369 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00229.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been two major theories surrounding the development of edema in nephrotic syndrome (NS), namely, the under- and overfill hypotheses. Edema is one of the cardinal features of NS and remains one of the principal reasons for admission of children to the hospital. Recently, the discovery that proteases in the glomerular filtrate of patients with NS are activating the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), resulting in intrarenal salt retention and thereby contributing to edema, might suggest that targeting ENaC with amiloride might be a suitable strategy to manage the edema of NS. Other potential agents, particularly urearetics and aquaretics, might also prove useful in NS. Recent evidence also suggests that there may be other areas involved in salt storage, especially the skin, and it will be intriguing to study the implications of this in NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Wei Teoh
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damien Noone
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu Y, Hu J, Yu Q, Zhang P, Han X, Peng H. Increased Serum Soluble Corin in Mid Pregnancy Is Associated with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:572-7. [DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2015.5199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Community Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianwei Hu
- Department of Community Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Community Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Han
- Department of Community Health Care, Maternal and Child Health Bureau of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen F, Xia Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Song W, Zhong Y, Gao L, Jin Y, Li S, Jiang Y, Yang Y. Increased plasma corin levels in patients with atrial fibrillation. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 447:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Ray EC, Rondon-Berrios H, Boyd CR, Kleyman TR. Sodium retention and volume expansion in nephrotic syndrome: implications for hypertension. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2015; 22:179-84. [PMID: 25908466 PMCID: PMC4409655 DOI: 10.1053/j.ackd.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sodium retention is a major clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome. The mechanisms responsible for sodium retention in this setting have been a subject of debate for years. Excessive sodium retention occurs in some individuals with nephrotic syndrome in the absence of activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, suggesting an intrinsic defect in sodium excretion by the kidney. Recent studies have provided new insights regarding mechanisms by which sodium transporters are activated by factors present in nephrotic urine. These mechanisms likely have a role in the development of hypertension in nephrotic syndrome, where hypertension may be difficult to control, and provide new therapeutic options for the management of blood pressure and edema in the setting of nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan C Ray
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Helbert Rondon-Berrios
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
| | - Cary R Boyd
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; and Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Khalil A, Maiz N, Garcia-Mandujano R, Elkhouli M, Nicolaides KH. Longitudinal changes in maternal corin and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide in women at risk of pre-eclampsia. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2015; 45:190-198. [PMID: 25296530 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Corin, an atrial natriuretic peptide-converting enzyme, has been found to promote trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling. Yet, elevated maternal plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and corin levels have been reported in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE). The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in maternal plasma levels of corin and mid-regional proatrial natriuretic peptide (MR-PANP) in pregnancies that develop PE and gestational hypertension (GH). METHODS This was a nested case-control study drawn from a larger prospective longitudinal study in singleton pregnancies identified as being at high risk for PE by screening at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. Blood samples were taken every 4 weeks until delivery. Values were compared in pregnancies that developed preterm PE (requiring delivery before 37 weeks' gestation), term PE, GH and those that remained normotensive. RESULTS A total of 471 samples were analyzed from 122 women, including 85 that remained normotensive, 12 that developed GH, 13 term PE and 12 preterm PE. In the normotensive group, log10 corin levels were associated with gestational age (P < 0.01), whereas log10 MR-PANP levels were not. In the preterm-PE group, compared with the normotensive group, corin was significantly lower until 20 weeks' gestation (P = 0.001). In the GH and term-PE groups, corin did not differ significantly from the normotensive group (P = 0.637 and P = 0.161, respectively). Compared with the normotensive group, MR-PANP levels were significantly higher in the pregnancies that developed preterm PE and GH (P = 0.046 and P = 0.019, respectively), but not term PE (P = 0.467). CONCLUSION Maternal-plasma corin and MR-PANP could potentially be useful biomarkers for the prediction of preterm PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khalil
- Department of Fetal Medicine, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Theilig F, Wu Q. ANP-induced signaling cascade and its implications in renal pathophysiology. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F1047-55. [PMID: 25651559 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00164.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between vasoconstrictor/sodium-retaining and vasodilator/natriuretic systems is essential for maintaining body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Natriuretic peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), belong to the vasodilator/natriuretic system. ANP is produced by the conversion of pro-ANP into ANP, which is achieved by a proteolytical cleavage executed by corin. In the kidney, ANP binds to the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) and enhances its guanylyl cyclase activity, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate production to promote natriuretic and renoprotective responses. In the glomerulus, ANP increases glomerular permeability and filtration rate and antagonizes the deleterious effects of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation. Along the nephron, natriuretic and diuretic actions of ANP are mediated by inhibiting the basolaterally expressed Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase, reducing apical sodium, potassium, and protein organic cation transporter in the proximal tubule, and decreasing Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter activity and renal concentration efficiency in the thick ascending limb. In the medullary collecting duct, ANP reduces sodium reabsorption by inhibiting the cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels, the epithelial sodium channel, and the heteromeric channel transient receptor potential-vanilloid 4 and -polycystin 2 and diminishes vasopressin-induced water reabsorption. Long-term ANP treatment may lead to NPR-A desensitization and ANP resistance, resulting in augmented sodium and water reabsorption. In mice, corin deficiency impairs sodium excretion and causes salt-sensitive hypertension. Characteristics of ANP resistance and corin deficiency are also encountered in patients with edema-associated diseases, highlighting the importance of ANP signaling in salt-water balance and renal pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Theilig
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; and
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio
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Abstract
Corin is a serine protease originally isolated from the heart. Functional studies show that corin is the long-sought enzyme responsible for activating cardiac natriuretic peptides. In mice, lack of corin prevents natriuretic peptide processing, causing salt-sensitive hypertension. In humans, corin variants and mutations that reduce corin activity have been identified in patients with hypertension and heart failure. Decreased plasma levels of corin antigen and activity have been reported in patients with heart failure and coronary artery disease. Low levels of urinary corin also have been found in patients with chronic kidney disease. Most recent studies show that corin also acts in the uterus to promote spiral artery remodeling and prevent pregnancy-induced hypertension. Here, we review the role of corin in natriuretic peptide processing and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, pre-eclampsia, and chronic kidney disease.
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Function of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II in volume load-induced diuresis. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:2009-18. [PMID: 24442122 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1445-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)/cGMPs cause diuresis and natriuresis. Their downstream effectors beyond cGMP remain unclear. To elucidate a probable function of cGMP-dependent protein kinase II (cGKII), we investigated renal parameters in different conditions (basal, salt diets, starving, water load) using a genetically modified mouse model (cGKII-KO), but did not detect any striking differences between WT and cGKII-KO. Thus, cGKII is proposed to play only a marginal role in the adjustment of renal concentration ability to varying salt loads without water restriction or starving conditions. When WT mice were subjected to a volume load (performed by application of a 10-mM glucose solution (3% of BW) via feeding needle), they exhibited a potent diuresis. In contrast, urine volume was decreased significantly in cGKII-KO. We showed that AQP2 plasma membrane (PM) abundance was reduced for about 50% in WT upon volume load, therefore, this might be a main cause for the enhanced diuresis. In contrast, cGKII-KO mice almost completely failed to decrease AQP2-PM distribution. This significant difference between both genotypes is not induced by an altered p-Ser256-AQP2 phosphorylation, as phosphorylation at this site decreases similarly in WT and KO. Furthermore, sodium excretion was lowered in cGKII-KO mice during volume load. In summary, cGKII is only involved to a minor extent in the regulation of basal renal concentration ability. By contrast, cGKII-KO mice are not able to handle an acute volume load. Our results suggest that membrane insertion of AQP2 is inhibited by cGMP/cGKII.
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Zhou H, Liu W, Zhu J, Liu M, Fang C, Wu Q, Dong N. Reduced serum corin levels in patients with osteoporosis. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 426:152-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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