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Fu R, You N, Li R, Zhao X, Li Y, Li X, Jiang W. Renalase mediates macrophage-to-fibroblast crosstalk to attenuate pressure overload-induced pathological myocardial fibrosis. J Hypertens 2024; 42:629-643. [PMID: 38230609 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
A potential antifibrotic mechanism in pathological myocardial remodeling is the recruitment of beneficial functional subpopulations of macrophages or the transformation of their phenotype. Macrophages are required to activate molecular cascades that regulate fibroblast behavior. Identifying mediators that activate the antifibrotic macrophage phenotype is tantamount to identifying the button that retards pathological remodeling of the myocardium; however, relevant studies are inadequate. Circulating renalase (RNLS) is mainly of renal origin, and cardiac myocytes also secrete it autonomously. Our previous studies revealed that RNLS delivers cell signaling to exert multiple cardiovascular protective effects, including the improvement of myocardial ischemia, and heart failure. Here, we further investigated the potential mechanism by which macrophage phenotypic transformation is targeted by RNLS to mediate stress load-induced myocardial fibrosis. Mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) were used as a model of myocardial fibrosis. The co-incubation of macrophages and cardiac fibroblasts was used to study intercellular signaling. The results showed that RNLS co-localized with macrophages and reduced protein expression after cardiac pressure overload. TAC mice exhibited improved cardiac function and alleviated left ventricular fibrosis when exogenous RNLS was administered. Flow sorting showed that RNLS is essential for macrophage polarization towards a restorative phenotype (M2-like), thereby inhibiting myofibroblast activation, as proven by both mouse RAW264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophage models. Mechanistically, we found that activated protein kinase B is a major pathway by which RNLS promotes M2 polarization in macrophages. RNLS may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential clinical candidate for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Robeva R, Elenkova A, Kirilov G, Zacharieva S. Plasma-free metanephrines, nerve growth factor, and renalase significance in patients with PCOS. Endocrine 2023; 81:602-612. [PMID: 37248367 PMCID: PMC10226715 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common heterogeneous condition with probably multifactorial genesis. Animal studies have proven the essential role of the sympathetic nervous system in the syndrome development, while human studies are still contradictory. The present study aims to investigate the possible influence of plasma-free metanephrine (MN), and normetanephrine (NMN), nerve growth factor (NGF), and renalase (RNL) on the hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS and healthy controls. METHODS Fifty patients with PCOS and 30 healthy women participated in the study. The plasma-free MN and NMN, NGF, RNL, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), gonadotropin, androgen levels, and metabolic parameters were investigated. RESULTS Plasma-free NMN and NGF concentrations were increased in PCOS individuals, while RNL levels were decreased compared to healthy volunteers. Increased plasma-free NMN (OR = 1.0213 [95%CI 1.0064-1.0364], p = 0.005) and NGF (OR = 1.0078 [95%CI 1.0001-1.0155], p = 0.046) but not MN or RNL levels were associated with a higher risk of PCOS after adjustment for age. Plasma-free NMN levels were positively associated with the LH (r = +0.253; p = 0.039). androstenedione (r = +0.265; p = 0.029), 17-OH progesterone (r = +0.285; p = 0.024), NGF (r = +0.320; p = 0.008), and AMH (r = +0.417; p < 0.001) concentrations of the investigated women. RNL levels were inversely related to the BMI (r = -0.245; p = 0.029), HOMA-IR (r = -0.250; p = 0.030), free testosterone (r = -0.303; p = 0.006) levels. systolic (r = -0.294; p = 0.008) and diastolic (r = -0.342; p = 0.002) blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Increased sympathetic noradrenergic activity and NGF synthesis might be related to the increased AMH and delta-4 androgen levels in a subgroup of PCOS patients. RNL levels might influence the metabolic status of PCOS patients. Further studies are needed to explore the significance of adrenal medullar and autonomic dysfunction for developing different PCOS phenotypes and their subsequent cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralitsa Robeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, USHATE "Acad. Iv. Penchev", 2, Zdrave Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Atanaska Elenkova
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, USHATE "Acad. Iv. Penchev", 2, Zdrave Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Kirilov
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, USHATE "Acad. Iv. Penchev", 2, Zdrave Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sabina Zacharieva
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University - Sofia, USHATE "Acad. Iv. Penchev", 2, Zdrave Str., 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Stojanovic D, Stojanovic M, Milenkovic J, Velickov A, Ignjatovic A, Milojkovic M. The Multi-Faceted Nature of Renalase for Mitochondrial Dysfunction Improvement in Cardiac Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1607. [PMID: 37371077 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms and signaling network that guide the cardiac disease pathophysiology are inextricably intertwined, which explains the current scarcity of effective therapy and to date remains the greatest challenge in state-of-the-art cardiovascular medicine. Accordingly, a novel concept has emerged in which cardiomyocytes are the centerpiece of therapeutic targeting, with dysregulated mitochondria as a critical point of intervention. Mitochondrial dysfunction pluralism seeks a multi-faceted molecule, such as renalase, to simultaneously combat the pathophysiologic heterogeneity of mitochondria-induced cardiomyocyte injury. This review provides some original perspectives and, for the first time, discusses the functionality spectrum of renalase for mitochondrial dysfunction improvement within cardiac disease, including its ability to preserve mitochondrial integrity and dynamics by suppressing mitochondrial ΔΨm collapse; overall ATP content amelioration; a rise of mtDNA copy numbers; upregulation of mitochondrial genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and cellular vitality promotion; mitochondrial fission inhibition; NAD+ supplementation; sirtuin upregulation; and anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory traits. If verified that renalase, due to its multi-faceted nature, behaves like the "guardian of mitochondria" by thwarting pernicious mitochondrial dysfunction effects and exerting therapeutic potential to target mitochondrial abnormalities in failing hearts, it may provide large-scale benefits for cardiac disease patients, regardless of the underlying causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milenkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Velickov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
- Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, 18000 Nis, Serbia
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Iyer DR, Arige V, Ananthamohan K, Venkatasubramaniam S, Tokinoya K, Akoi K, Kurtz CL, Sethupathy P, Takekoshi K, Mahapatra NR. Cyclic-AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and microRNA miR-29b regulate renalase gene expression under catecholamine excess conditions. Life Sci 2023:121859. [PMID: 37315838 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renalase, a key mediator of cross-talk between kidneys and sympathetic nervous system, exerts protective roles in various cardiovascular/renal disease states. However, molecular mechanisms underpinning renalase gene expression remain incompletely understood. Here, we sought to identify the key molecular regulators of renalase under basal/catecholamine-excess conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Identification of the core promoter domain of renalase was carried out by promoter-reporter assays in N2a/HEK-293/H9c2 cells. Computational analysis of the renalase core promoter domain, over-expression of cyclic-AMP-response-element-binding-protein (CREB)/dominant negative mutant of CREB, ChIP assays were performed to determine the role of CREB in transcription regulation. Role of the miR-29b-mediated-suppression of renalase was validated in-vivo by using locked-nucleic-acid-inhibitors of miR-29. qRT-PCR and Western-blot analyses measured the expression of renalase, CREB, miR-29b and normalization controls in cell lysates/ tissue samples under basal/epinephrine-treated conditions. KEY FINDINGS CREB, a downstream effector in epinephrine signaling, activated renalase expression via its binding to the renalase-promoter. Physiological doses of epinephrine and isoproteronol enhanced renalase-promoter activity and endogenous renalase protein level while propranolol diminished the promoter activity and endogenous renalase protein level indicating a potential role of beta-adrenergic receptor in renalase gene regulation. Multiple animal models (acute exercise, genetically hypertensive/stroke-prone mice/rat) displayed directionally-concordant expression of CREB and renalase. Administration of miR-29b inhibitor in mice upregulated endogenous renalase expression. Moreover, epinephrine treatment down-regulated miR-29b promoter-activity/transcript levels. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides evidence for renalase gene regulation by concomitant transcriptional activation via CREB and post-transcriptional attenuation via miR-29b under excess epinephrine conditions. These findings have implications for disease states with dysregulated catecholamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya R Iyer
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vikas Arige
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kalyani Ananthamohan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Venkatasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kai Akoi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - C Lisa Kurtz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Ersak B, Özakşit G, Tugrul D, Doğanay M, Ustun Y, Kokanalı MK. Role of serum renalase levels in predicting the presence of metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:417-422. [PMID: 37188446 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to compare the serum renalase levels of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with and without metabolic syndrome (MS) and those of healthy non-PCOS women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two patients diagnosed with PCOS and age-matched 72 healthy non-PCOS were included in the study. The PCOS group was divided into two groups as having metabolic syndrome or not. General gynecological and physical examination findings and laboratory results were recorded. Renalase levels in serum samples were determined using Enyzme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay method. RESULTS Mean serum renalase level was significantly higher in PCOS patients with MS compared with both PCOS patients without MS and healthy controls. Additionally, serum renalase correlates positively with body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance values among PCOS women. However, systolic blood pressure was found to be the only significant independent factor that can affect the serum renalase levels. A serum renalase level of 79.86 ng/L had a sensitivity of 94.7% and specificity of 46.4% in discriminating PCOS patients with metabolic syndrome from healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Serum renalase level increases in women with PCOS in the presence of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, monitoring the serum renalase level in women with PCOS can predict the metabolic syndrome that may develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak Ersak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gülnur Özakşit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Tugrul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melike Doğanay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaprak Ustun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kuntay Kokanalı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Zekai Tahir Burak Women Health Care, Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Y, Bai L, Wen J, Zhang F, Gu S, Wang F, Yin J, Wang N. Cardiac-specific renalase overexpression alleviates CKD-induced pathological cardiac remodeling in mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1061146. [PMID: 36588579 PMCID: PMC9798007 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1061146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CKD-induced pathological cardiac remodeling is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The available therapeutic options are limited, it is thus urgently needed to identify novel therapeutic targets. Renalase (RNLS) is a newly discovered protein secreted by the kidney and was found beneficial in many renal diseases. But whether it exerts protective effects on cardiac remodeling in CKD remains unclear. Methods RNLS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were both used to build CKD models and the adeno-associated virus (AAV9) system was used to overexpress RNLS cardiac specifically. Echocardiography was performed to detect cardiac structural changes every 6 weeks until 18 weeks post-surgery. High throughput sequencing was performed to understand the underlying mechanisms and the effects of RNLS on cardiac fibroblasts were validated in vitro. Results Knockout of RNLS aggravated cardiac remodeling in CKD, while RNLS cardiac-specific overexpression significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis induced by CKD. The following RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that RNLS significantly downregulated the extracellular matrix (ECM) receptor interaction pathway, ECM organization, and several ECM-related proteins. GSEA results showed RNLS significantly downregulated several profibrotic biological processes of cardiac fibroblasts which were upregulated by CKD, including fibroblast proliferation, leukocyte migration, antigen presentation, cytokine production, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we validated that RNLS reduced the primary cardiac fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA expression stimulated by TGF-β. Conclusion In this study, we examined the cardioprotective role of RNLS in CKD-induced cardiac remodeling. RNLS may be a potential therapeutic factor that exerts an anti-fibrotic effect in pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linnan Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sijie Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianyong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Jianyong Yin,
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,Niansong Wang,
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Ameer OZ. Hypertension in chronic kidney disease: What lies behind the scene. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949260. [PMID: 36304157 PMCID: PMC9592701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a frequent condition encountered during kidney disease development and a leading cause in its progression. Hallmark factors contributing to hypertension constitute a complexity of events that progress chronic kidney disease (CKD) into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Multiple crosstalk mechanisms are involved in sustaining the inevitable high blood pressure (BP) state in CKD, and these play an important role in the pathogenesis of increased cardiovascular (CV) events associated with CKD. The present review discusses relevant contributory mechanisms underpinning the promotion of hypertension and their consequent eventuation to renal damage and CV disease. In particular, salt and volume expansion, sympathetic nervous system (SNS) hyperactivity, upregulated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), oxidative stress, vascular remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and a range of mediators and signaling molecules which are thought to play a role in this concert of events are emphasized. As the control of high BP via therapeutic interventions can represent the key strategy to not only reduce BP but also the CV burden in kidney disease, evidence for major strategic pathways that can alleviate the progression of hypertensive kidney disease are highlighted. This review provides a particular focus on the impact of RAAS antagonists, renal nerve denervation, baroreflex stimulation, and other modalities affecting BP in the context of CKD, to provide interesting perspectives on the management of hypertensive nephropathy and associated CV comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Z. Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Omar Z. Ameer,
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Renalase Challenges the Oxidative Stress and Fibroproliferative Response in COVID-19. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4032704. [PMID: 36132227 PMCID: PMC9484957 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4032704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hallmark of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology was reported to be an inappropriate and uncontrolled immune response, evidenced by activated macrophages, and a robust surge of proinflammatory cytokines, followed by the release of reactive oxygen species, that synergistically result in acute respiratory distress syndrome, fibroproliferative lung response, and possibly even death. For these reasons, all identified risk factors and pathophysiological processes of COVID-19, which are feasible for the prevention and treatment, should be addressed in a timely manner. Accordingly, the evolving anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic therapy for severe COVID-19 and hindering post-COVID-19 fibrosis development should be comprehensively investigated. Experimental evidence indicates that renalase, a novel amino-oxidase, derived from the kidneys, exhibits remarkable organ protection, robustly addressing the most powerful pathways of cell trauma: inflammation and oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis. As demonstrated, systemic renalase administration also significantly alleviates experimentally induced organ fibrosis and prevents adverse remodeling. The recognition that renalase exerts cytoprotection via sirtuins activation, by raising their NAD+ levels, provides a “proof of principle” for renalase being a biologically impressive molecule that favors cell protection and survival and maybe involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. This premise supports the rationale that renalase's timely supplementation may prove valuable for pathologic conditions, such as cytokine storm and related acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, the aim for this review is to acknowledge the scientific rationale for renalase employment in the experimental model of COVID-19, targeting the acute phase mechanisms and halting fibrosis progression, based on its proposed molecular pathways. Novel therapies for COVID-19 seek to exploit renalase's multiple and distinctive cytoprotective mechanisms; therefore, this review should be acknowledged as the thorough groundwork for subsequent research of renalase's employment in the experimental models of COVID-19.
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Renalase: a novel regulator of cardiometabolic and renal diseases. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1582-1598. [PMID: 35941358 PMCID: PMC9358379 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Renalase is a ~38 kDa flavin-adenine dinucleotide (FAD) domain-containing protein that can function as a cytokine and an anomerase. It is emerging as a novel regulator of cardiometabolic diseases. Expressed mainly in the kidneys, renalase has been reported to have a hypotensive effect and may control blood pressure through regulation of sympathetic tone. Furthermore, genetic variations in the renalase gene, such as a functional missense polymorphism (Glu37Asp), have implications in the cardiovascular and renal systems and can potentially increase the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Research on the physiological functions and biochemical actions of renalase over the years has indicated a role for renalase as one of the key proteins involved in various disease states, such as diabetes, impaired lipid metabolism, and cancer. Recent studies have identified three transcription factors (viz., Sp1, STAT3, and ZBP89) as key positive regulators in modulating the expression of the human renalase gene. Moreover, renalase is under the post-transcriptional regulation of two microRNAs (viz., miR-29b, and miR-146a), which downregulate renalase expression. While renalase supplementation may be useful for treating hypertension, inhibition of renalase signaling may be beneficial to patients with cancerous tumors. However, more incisive investigations are required to unravel the potential therapeutic applications of renalase. Based on the literature pertaining to the function and physiology of renalase, this review attempts to consolidate and comprehend the role of renalase in regulating cardiometabolic and renal disorders. ![]()
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Stojanovic D, Mitic V, Stojanovic M, Milenkovic J, Ignjatovic A, Milojkovic M. The Scientific Rationale for the Introduction of Renalase in the Concept of Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845878. [PMID: 35711341 PMCID: PMC9193824 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis represents a redundant accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, resulting from a cascade of pathophysiological events involved in an ineffective healing response, that eventually leads to heart failure. The pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis involves various cellular effectors (neutrophils, macrophages, cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts), up-regulation of profibrotic mediators (cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors), and processes where epithelial and endothelial cells undergo mesenchymal transition. Activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the central cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis, serving as the main source of matrix proteins. The most effective anti-fibrotic strategy will have to incorporate the specific targeting of the diverse cells, pathways, and their cross-talk in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibroproliferation. Additionally, renalase, a novel protein secreted by the kidneys, is identified. Evidence demonstrates its cytoprotective properties, establishing it as a survival element in various organ injuries (heart, kidney, liver, intestines), and as a significant anti-fibrotic factor, owing to its, in vitro and in vivo demonstrated pleiotropy to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrotic responses. Effective anti-fibrotic therapy may seek to exploit renalase’s compound effects such as: lessening of the inflammatory cell infiltrate (neutrophils and macrophages), and macrophage polarization (M1 to M2), a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines/reactive species/growth factor release (TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-2, ROS, TGF-β1), an increase in anti-apoptotic factors (Bcl2), and prevention of caspase activation, inflammasome silencing, sirtuins (1 and 3) activation, and mitochondrial protection, suppression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a decrease in the pro-fibrotic markers expression (’α-SMA, collagen I, and III, TIMP-1, and fibronectin), and interference with MAPKs signaling network, most likely as a coordinator of pro-fibrotic signals. This review provides the scientific rationale for renalase’s scrutiny regarding cardiac fibrosis, and there is great anticipation that these newly identified pathways are set to progress one step further. Although substantial progress has been made, indicating renalase’s therapeutic promise, more profound experimental work is required to resolve the accurate underlying mechanisms of renalase, concerning cardiac fibrosis, before any potential translation to clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Valentina Mitic
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niska Banja, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Niš, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milenkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Niš, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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Wang Y, Chen C, Hu GL, Chu C, Zhang XY, Du MF, Zou T, Zhou Q, Liao YY, Ma Q, Wang KK, Sun Y, Wang D, Yan Y, Li Y, Jia H, Niu ZJ, Zhang X, Wang L, Man ZY, Gao WH, Li CH, Zhang J, Gao K, Li HX, Chang J, Desir GV, Lu WH, Mu JJ. Associations of Renalase With Blood Pressure and Hypertension in Chinese Adults. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:800427. [PMID: 35282385 PMCID: PMC8907541 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.800427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Renalase, a novel secretory flavoprotein with amine oxidase activity, is secreted into the blood by the kidneys and is hypothesized to participate in blood pressure (BP) regulation. We investigated the associations of renalase with BP and the risk of hypertension by examining renalase single nucleopeptide polymorphism (SNPs), serum renalase levels, and renal expression of renalase in humans. Methods ① Subjects (n = 514) from the original Baoji Salt-Sensitive Study cohort were genotyped to investigate the association of renalase SNPs with longitudinal BP changes and the risk of hypertension during 14 years of follow-up. ② Two thousand three hundred and ninety two participants from the Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension Study cohort were used to examine the association of serum renalase levels with hypertension. Renalase expression in renal biopsy specimens from 193 patients were measured by immunohistochemistry. ③ Renalase expression was compared in hypertensive vs. normotensive patients. Results ① SNP rs7922058 was associated with 14-year change in systolic BP, and rs10887800, rs796945, rs1935582, rs2296545, and rs2576178 were significantly associated with 14-year change in diastolic BP while rs1935582 and rs2576178 were associated with mean arterial pressure change over 14 years. In addition, SNPs rs796945, rs1935582, and rs2576178 were significantly associated with hypertension incidence. Gene-based analysis found that renalase gene was significantly associated with hypertension incidence over 14-year follow-up after adjustment for multiple measurements. ② Hypertensive subjects had higher serum renalase levels than normotensive subjects (27.2 ± 0.4 vs. 25.1 ± 0.2 μg/mL). Serum renalase levels and BPs showed a linear correlation. In addition, serum renalase was significantly associated with the risk of hypertension [OR = 1.018 (1.006–1.030)]. ③ The expression of renalase in human renal biopsy specimens significantly decreased in hypertensive patients compared to non-hypertensive patients (0.030 ± 0.001 vs. 0.038 ± 0.004). Conclusions These findings indicate that renalase may play an important role in BP progression and development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Gui-Lin Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming-Fei Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Zou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yuan Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke-Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Jiaxin Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Yue Man
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei-Hua Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun-Hua Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui-Xian Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - John Chang
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Administration Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Wan-Hong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- *Correspondence: Wan-Hong Lu
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China
- Jian-Jun Mu
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12
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Guo X, Xu L, Velazquez H, Chen TM, Williams RM, Heller DA, Burtness B, Safirstein R, Desir GV. Kidney-Targeted Renalase Agonist Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease by Inhibiting Regulated Necrosis and Inflammation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:342-356. [PMID: 34921111 PMCID: PMC8819981 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated administration of cisplatin causes CKD. In previous studies, we reported that the kidney-secreted survival protein renalase (RNLS) and an agonist peptide protected mice from cisplatin-induced AKI. METHODS To investigate whether kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS might prevent cisplatin-induced CKD in a mouse model, we achieved specific delivery of a RNLS agonist peptide (RP81) to the renal proximal tubule by encapsulating the peptide in mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs). We used genetic deletion of RNLS, single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and Western blotting to determine efficacy and to explore underlying mechanisms. We also measured plasma RNLS in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy. RESULTS In mice with CKD induced by cisplatin, we observed an approximate 60% reduction of kidney RNLS; genetic deletion of RNLS was associated with significantly more severe cisplatin-induced CKD. In this severe model of cisplatin-induced CKD, systemic administration of MNP-encapsulated RP81 (RP81-MNP) significantly reduced CKD as assessed by plasma creatinine and histology. It also decreased inflammatory cytokines in plasma and inhibited regulated necrosis in kidney. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses revealed that RP81-MNP preserved epithelial components of the nephron and the vasculature and suppressed inflammatory macrophages and myofibroblasts. In patients receiving their first dose of cisplatin chemotherapy, plasma RNLS levels trended lower at day 14 post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Kidney-targeted delivery of RNLS agonist RP81-MNP protects against cisplatin-induced CKD by decreasing cell death and improving the viability of the renal proximal tubule. These findings suggest that such an approach might mitigate the development of CKD in patients receiving cisplatin cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Guo
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Leyuan Xu
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tian-Min Chen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ryan M. Williams
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Robert Safirstein
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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13
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Zhao Y, Zhang R, Yun Y, Wu X, Li H, Wang J, Wang W, Jia C, Song H. A case report of renal calyceal diverticulum with hypertension in children and review of literature. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:35. [PMID: 35016649 PMCID: PMC8750799 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal calyx diverticulum refers to a cystic lesion covered with the transitional epithelium in the renal parenchyma. Although there is no clear evidence that calyx diverticulum can cause hypertension, there exists a close association between the two, and there are few related reports. Herein, we reported the case of a child with renal calyx diverticulum complicated with hypertension and summarized the diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation Physical examination of the patient, an 11-year-old child, revealed a left renal cyst with hypertension (155/116 mmHg). There were no related symptoms. Routine urine and blood biochemical examinations showed no abnormalities. Imaging revealed left renal cyst compression causing the hypertension. She underwent renal cyst fluid aspiration and injection of a sclerosing agent into the capsule, but her blood pressure increased again 3 days postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed that the size of the left renal cyst was the same as that preoperatively. To further confirm the diagnosis, cystoscopic retrograde ureteropyelography was performed to confirm the diagnosis of renal calyx diverticulum. Subsequently, renal calyceal diverticulum resection and calyx neck enlargement were performed. The operation went smoothly and the blood pressure returned to normal postoperatively. No abnormalities were noted at the 7-month postoperative follow-up. Conclusion There exists an association between renal calyx diverticulum and hypertension. Therefore, hypertension can be considered a surgical indication for renal calyx diverticulum. Moreover, renal calyceal diverticulum in children can be easily misdiagnosed as a renal cyst. Therefore, it is important to be vigilant to prevent a series of complications, such as postoperative urine leakage, in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Zhao
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruimin Zhang
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ye Yun
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiangming Wu
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Haowei Li
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chunmei Jia
- The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
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14
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The Effect of Renalase rs2576178 and rs10887800 Polymorphisms on Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in Young Patients (<50 Years): A Case-Control Study and In Silico Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:5542292. [PMID: 34603559 PMCID: PMC8483926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is the most common form of cerebrovascular accident which its precise etiology remains mysterious. Renalase is a catecholamine-degrading enzyme playing a major role in blood pressure control. Recent studies show the effect of renalase activity on various diseases like IS. In the current study, we examined the possible effects of renalase gene (RNLS) rs2576178 and rs10887800 variants at the 5′-flanking and intron 6 regions on IS, respectively. Methods One hundred and fifty-four IS patients younger than 50 years and 165 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited in the study. For genotyping of rs2576178 and rs10887800 variants, the PCR-RFLP method was used. Results The RNLS rs10887800 AG genotype was more repeated in IS patients, but the difference was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.054). This variant was associated with IS in the overdominant model, and the AG genotype is associated with a1.6-fold increased risk of IS compared to AA+ GG genotypes (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1-2.5, P = 0.033). No relationship was observed between RNLS rs2576178 polymorphism and IS in all genetic models. The findings of the haplotype and combination effects of rs10887800 and rs2576178 variants on IS showed no significant association. The in silico analysis showed no effect of rs2576178 and rs10887800 polymorphisms in the RNA structure, but the alteration of RNA sequence in rs2576178 results in the lack of a MBNL1 protein binding site. Conclusions RNLS rs10887800 but not rs2576178 polymorphism was associated with IS susceptibility in the overdominant model (AG vs AA+ GG genotypes).
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15
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Czerwińska K, Poręba R, Gać P. Renalase-A new understanding of its enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity and its implications for future research. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:3-9. [PMID: 34545616 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Renalase was first described in 2005 and since then it became an object of scientific interest because of its proposed ability to catalyse circulating neurotransmitters and its promising antihypertensive effects. However, further research on the enzymatic activity of renalase did not confirm these initial findings and yielded that renalase serves to oxidize isomeric forms of β-NAD(P)H and recycle them by forming β-NAD(P)+. Moreover, in contrast to initial assumptions, it is indicated that renalase's enzymatic activity is confined to the cell and that extracellular renalase loses its enzymatic properties. These new reports led scientists to question as to whether renalase, as an enzyme, still has the potential to influence various systemic physiological responses (e.g. blood pressure). It was also put into question whether many physiological discoveries published based on the notion that renalase is secreted into the blood and acts by oxidation of catecholamines can still be considered valid. In this article, we attempt to review the literature to confront these doubts and find further possible directions of research on the importance of renalase. Our aim was to evaluate recent reports of non-enzymatic activity for renalase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Gać
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Pointer TC, Gorelick FS, Desir GV. Renalase: A Multi-Functional Signaling Molecule with Roles in Gastrointestinal Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082006. [PMID: 34440775 PMCID: PMC8391834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival factor renalase (RNLS) is a recently discovered secretory protein with potent prosurvival and anti-inflammatory effects. Several evolutionarily conserved RNLS domains are critical to its function. These include a 20 aa site that encodes for its prosurvival effects. Its prosurvival effects are shown in GI disease models including acute cerulein pancreatitis. In rodent models of pancreatic cancer and human cancer tissues, increased RNLS expression promotes cancer cell survival but shortens life expectancy. This 37 kD protein can regulate cell signaling as an extracellular molecule and probably also at intracellular sites. Extracellular RNLS signals through a specific plasma membrane calcium export transporter; this interaction appears most relevant to acute injury and cancer. Preliminary studies using RNLS agonists and antagonists, as well as various preclinical disease models, suggest that the immunologic and prosurvival effects of RNLS will be relevant to diverse pathologies that include acute organ injuries and select cancers. Future studies should define the roles of RNLS in intestinal diseases, characterizing the RNLS-activated pathways linked to cell survival and developing therapeutic agents that can increase or decrease RNLS in relevant clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Pointer
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
| | - Fred S. Gorelick
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
- VA Connecticut Health Care System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Gary V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (T.C.P.); (F.S.G.)
- VA Connecticut Health Care System, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
- Correspondence:
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Stojanovic D, Mitic V, Stojanovic M, Petrovic D, Ignjatovic A, Milojkovic M, Dunjic O, Milenkovic J, Bojanic V, Deljanin Ilic M. The Discriminatory Ability of Renalase and Biomarkers of Cardiac Remodeling for the Prediction of Ischemia in Chronic Heart Failure Patients With the Regard to the Ejection Fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:691513. [PMID: 34395559 PMCID: PMC8358392 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.691513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renalase has been implicated in chronic heart failure (CHF); however, nothing is known about renalase discriminatory ability and prognostic evaluation. The aims of the study were to assess whether plasma renalase may be validated as a predictor of ischemia in CHF patients stratified to the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to determine its discriminatory ability coupled with biomarkers representing a range of heart failure (HF) pathophysiology: brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), soluble suppressor of tumorigenicity (sST2), galectin-3, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15), syndecan-1, and cystatin C. Methods: A total of 77 CHF patients were stratified according to the LVEF and were subjected to exercise stress testing. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and the areas under curves (AUC) were determined, whereas the calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic. A DeLong test was performed to compare the AUCs of biomarkers. Results: Independent predictors for ischemia in the total HF cohort were increased plasma concentrations: BNP (p = 0.008), renalase (p = 0.012), sST2 (p = 0.020), galectin-3 (p = 0.018), GDF-15 (p = 0.034), and syndecan-1 (p = 0.024), whereas after adjustments, only BNP (p = 0.010) demonstrated predictive power. In patients with LVEF <45% (HFrEF), independent predictors of ischemia were BNP (p = 0.001), renalase (p < 0.001), sST2 (p = 0.004), galectin-3 (p = 0.003), GDF-15 (p = 0.001), and syndecan-1 (p < 0.001). The AUC of BNP (0.837) was statistically higher compared to those of sST2 (DeLong test: p = 0.042), syndecan-1 (DeLong: p = 0.022), and cystatin C (DeLong: p = 0.022). The AUCs of renalase (0.753), galectin-3 (0.726), and GDF-15 (0.735) were similar and were non-inferior compared to BNP, regarding ischemia prediction. In HFrEF patients, the AUC of BNP (0.980) was statistically higher compared to those of renalase (DeLong: p < 0.001), sST2 (DeLong: p < 0.004), galectin-3 (DeLong: p < 0.001), GDF-15 (DeLong: p = 0.001), syndecan-1 (DeLong: p = 0.009), and cystatin C (DeLong: p = 0.001). The AUC of renalase (0.814) was statistically higher compared to those of galectin-3 (DeLong: p = 0.014) and GDF-15 (DeLong: p = 0.046) and similar to that of sST2. No significant results were obtained in the patients with LVEF >45%. Conclusion: Plasma renalase concentration provided significant discrimination for the prediction of ischemia in patients with CHF and appeared to have similar discriminatory potential to that of BNP. Although further confirmatory studies are warranted, renalase seems to be a relevant biomarker for ischemia prediction, implying its potential contribution to ischemia-risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Valentina Mitic
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niska Banja, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrovic
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niska Banja, Serbia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Center of Informatics and Biostatistics in Healthcare, Institute for Public Health, Nis, Serbia
| | - Maja Milojkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Olivera Dunjic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milenkovic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Vladmila Bojanic
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin Ilic
- Department of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation, Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niska Banja, Serbia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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Tokinoya K, Ono S, Aoki K, Yanazawa K, Shishikura Y, Sugasawa T, Takekoshi K. Gene expression level of renalase in the skeletal muscles is increased with high-intensity exercise training in mice on a high-fat diet. Physiol Int 2021; 108:274-284. [PMID: 34191746 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2021.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise training is beneficial for reducing obesity. In particular, exercise training can lower the catecholamine concentration in circulation. Renalase, whose expression was first confirmed in the kidneys, is a physiologically active substance that decomposes circulating catecholamines; additionally, it has been reported to be present in the skeletal muscles. The aim of this study was to clarify the expression of renalase in the skeletal muscles and kidneys after high-intensity exercise training in obese mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mice were divided into four groups: normal diet and sedentary, normal diet and exercise training, high-fat diet and sedentary, and high-fat diet and exercise training, and the test was performed for 8 weeks. RESULTS Body weight and skeletal muscle wet weight were reduced by high-fat diet intake but were rescued by training. Skeletal muscle renalase gene expression was significantly increased by exercise training. However, in the kidneys the gene expression of renalase was significantly increased by high-fat diet intake and exercise training. No significant changes were observed in the gene expression of catecholamine-degrading enzymes, catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A and B. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that exercise training increased the gene expression of renalase in the skeletal muscles and kidneys, thus lowering circulating catecholamine levels. This may lead to amelioration of obesity as catecholamines are lipolytic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- 1Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo,192-0397, Japan
- 2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Seiko Ono
- 3Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kai Aoki
- 2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- 4Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Koki Yanazawa
- 3Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shishikura
- 3Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- 4Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- 4Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
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Beta-Arrestins in the Treatment of Heart Failure Related to Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060838
expr 929824082 + 956151497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical syndrome that is considered an increasingly frequent reason for hospitalization, characterized by a complex therapeutic regimen, reduced quality of life, and high morbidity. Long-standing hypertension ultimately paves the way for HF. Recently, there have been improvements in the treatment of hypertension and overall management not limited to only conventional medications, but several novel pathways and their pharmacological alteration are also conducive to the treatment of hypertension. Beta-arrestin (β-arrestin), a protein responsible for beta-adrenergic receptors’ (β-AR) functioning and trafficking, has recently been discovered as a potential regulator in hypertension. β-arrestin isoforms, namely β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, mainly regulate cardiac function. However, there have been some controversies regarding the function of the two β-arrestins in hypertension regarding HF. In the present review, we try to figure out the paradox between the roles of two isoforms of β-arrestin in the treatment of HF.
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Rakib A, Eva TA, Sami SA, Mitra S, Nafiz IH, Das A, Tareq AM, Nainu F, Dhama K, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Beta-Arrestins in the Treatment of Heart Failure Related to Hypertension: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060838. [PMID: 34198801 PMCID: PMC8228839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complicated clinical syndrome that is considered an increasingly frequent reason for hospitalization, characterized by a complex therapeutic regimen, reduced quality of life, and high morbidity. Long-standing hypertension ultimately paves the way for HF. Recently, there have been improvements in the treatment of hypertension and overall management not limited to only conventional medications, but several novel pathways and their pharmacological alteration are also conducive to the treatment of hypertension. Beta-arrestin (β-arrestin), a protein responsible for beta-adrenergic receptors’ (β-AR) functioning and trafficking, has recently been discovered as a potential regulator in hypertension. β-arrestin isoforms, namely β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, mainly regulate cardiac function. However, there have been some controversies regarding the function of the two β-arrestins in hypertension regarding HF. In the present review, we try to figure out the paradox between the roles of two isoforms of β-arrestin in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Rakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Taslima Akter Eva
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Saad Ahmed Sami
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (A.R.); (T.A.E.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Iqbal Hossain Nafiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (I.H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (I.H.N.); (A.D.)
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh;
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan 90245, Indonesia;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-000 (J.S.G.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo–Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +880-1819-942214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387-000 (J.S.G.)
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21
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Tokinoya K, Sekine N, Aoki K, Ono S, Kuji T, Sugasawa T, Yoshida Y, Takekoshi K. Effects of renalase deficiency on liver fibrosis markers in a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:210. [PMID: 33495844 PMCID: PMC7830932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is attributed to several factors, including inflammation and oxidative stress. In recent years, renalase has been reported to suppress oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. A number of studies have suggested that renalase may be associated with protecting the liver from injury. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of renalase knockout (KO) in mice with NASH that were induced with a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDAHFD) supplemented with 0.1% methionine. Wild type (WT) and KO mice (6-week-old) were fed a normal diet (ND) or CDAHFD for 6 weeks, followed by analysis of the blood liver function markers and liver tissues. CDAHFD intake was revealed to increase blood hepatic function markers, lipid accumulation and oxidative stress compared with ND, but no significant differences were observed between the WT and KO mice. However, in the KO-CDAHFD group, the Adgre1 and Tgfb1 mRNA levels were significantly higher, and α-SMA expression was significantly lower compared with the WT-CDAHFD group. Furthermore, the Gclc mRNA and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) levels were significantly lower in the KO-ND group compared with the WT-ND group. The results of the current study indicated that as NASH progressed in the absence of renalase, oxidative stress, macrophage infiltration and TGF-β expression were enhanced, while α-SMA expression in NASH may be partly suppressed due to the decreased phosphorylation of Akt level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Nanami Sekine
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8574, Japan
| | - Kai Aoki
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Seiko Ono
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8574, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Kuji
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki 300‑0051, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8577, Japan
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22
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Renalase improves pressure overload-induced heart failure in rats by regulating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 signaling. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:481-488. [PMID: 33420473 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Renalase, a novel flavoprotein that is mainly expressed in the kidney and heart, plays a crucial role in hypertension. Recent studies have shown that renalase is expressed at low levels in the serum of patients with heart failure, while the role of renalase and its mechanism in cardiac failure is unclear. Adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to investigate the role and function of renalase in the pathological process of transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. Renalase-human protein chip analysis showed that renalase was directly associated with P38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. We further used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference to study the role of renalase in the progression of pathological ventricular hypertrophy and found that renalase inhibition attenuated the noradrenaline-induced hypertrophic response in vitro or the pressure overload-induced hypertrophic response in vivo. Recombinant renalase protein significantly alleviated pressure overload-induced cardiac failure and was associated with P38 and ERK1/2 signaling. These findings demonstrate that renalase is a potential biomarker of hypertrophy and that exogenous recombinant renalase is a potential and novel drug for heart failure.
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23
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Zhang F, Liu W, Wu Y, Li X, Zhang S, Feng Y, Lu R, Sun L. Association of renalase gene polymorphisms with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in northeastern Han Chinese population. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:986-990. [PMID: 32338092 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1750000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Renalase is a novel enzyme that can regulate blood pressure by degrading circulating catecholamines. We aimed to evaluate the possible effect of rs2296545, rs2576178 and rs10887800 polymorphisms of the renalase gene (RNLS) on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). This case-control study consisted of 185 patients with HDP and 380 normotensive pregnant women from the northeastern Chinese Han population. Association analyses were performed using PLINK, to compare allele and genotype frequencies in cases and controls. Adjustment for logistic regression analysis was performed by permutation testing. In the HDP patients compared with controls, we found that there was statistically significant difference in genotype distribution of rs2296545 (p = .037). Rs2296545 and rs2576178 polymorphisms have 1.91-fold (p = .004) and 1.73-fold (p = .015) increased risk of HDP in the dominant model, respectively. When compared preeclampsia (PE) to control, the RNLS rs2296545 polymorphism was significantly associated with PE risk in the dominant model (p = .021). We next analyzed the haplotypes of these SNPs and there was no difference between controls and HDP or PE. These findings suggest that rs2296545 was significantly associated with HDP and PE risk and the rs2576178 polymorphism may increase the susceptibility to HDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Mudanjiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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24
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Li Y, Wu W, Liu W, Zhou M. Roles and mechanisms of renalase in cardiovascular disease: A promising therapeutic target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110712. [PMID: 32916539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is prevalent worldwide and remains a leading cause of death. Although substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of CVD, the prognosis remains unsatisfactory. Renalase is a newly discovered cytokine that is synthesized by the kidney and then secreted into blood. Numerous studies have suggested the efficacy of renalase in treating CVD by metabolizing catecholamines in the circulatory system. As a new biomarker of heart disease, renalase is normally recognized as a signalling molecule that activates cytoprotective intracellular signals to lower blood pressure, protect ischaemic heart muscle and promote atherosclerotic plaque stability in CVD, which subsequently improves cardiac function. Due to its important regulatory role in the circulatory system, renalase has gradually become a potential target in the treatment of CVD. This review summarizes the structure, mechanism and function of renalase in CVD, thereby providing preclinical evidence for alternative approaches and new prospects in the development of renalase-related drugs against CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, United Kingdom
| | - Weihong Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Mingxue Zhou
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China.
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25
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Tokinoya K, Shirai T, Ota Y, Takemasa T, Takekoshi K. Denervation-induced muscle atrophy suppression in renalase-deficient mice via increased protein synthesis. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14475. [PMID: 32741114 PMCID: PMC7395909 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Denervation-induced muscle atrophy increases signaling through both protein degradation and synthesis pathways. Renalase is a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidase that inhibits apoptosis and inflammation and promotes cell survival. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of renalase on denervation-induced muscle atrophy. We used 7-week-old renalase knock-out (KO) mice (a model of denervation-induced muscle atrophy) and wild-type (WT) mice (KO: n = 6, weight = 20-26 g; WT: n = 5, weight = 19-23 g). After their left legs were denervated, these mice were killed 1 week later. KO mice had lighter muscle weight than the WT mice. We observed an increase in molecular signaling through protein degradation pathway as well as oxidative stress in denervated muscles compared with that in sham-operated muscles in both WT and KO mice. Additionally, we also observed the main effect of renalase in WT and KO mice. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation protein content was lower in denervated muscles than in sham-operated muscles in both WT and KO mice. However, a significant difference was noted in the reaction with Akt and p70S6K (components of the protein synthesis pathway) between WT and KO mice. In conclusion, mice with renalase deficiency demonstrated an attenuation of denervation-induced muscle atrophy. This might be related to catecholamines because signaling through the protein synthesis pathway was increased following denervation in renalase KO mice compared with that in WT mice, despite showing no change in signaling through protein degradation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Doctoral Program in Sports MedicineGraduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Takanaga Shirai
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Yuya Ota
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Tohru Takemasa
- Faculty of Health and Sport SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
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26
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Stojanovic D, Mitic V, Stojanovic M, Petrovic D, Ignjatovic A, Stefanovic N, Cvetkovic T, Kocic G, Bojanic V, Deljanin Ilic M. The partnership between renalase and ejection fraction as a risk factor for increased cardiac remodeling biomarkers in chronic heart failure patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2020; 36:909-919. [PMID: 32297799 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2020.1756233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Heart failure (HF) represents a huge socio-economic burden. It has been demonstrated, experimentally, that renalase, a newly discovered protein, prevents cardiac hypertrophy and adverse remodeling, which is seen in HF. We postulated the following aims: to investigate associations of renalase with biomarkers of cardiac remodeling: galectin-3, soluble suppression of tumorigenicity, (sST2), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and syndecan-1, myocardial stretch (BNP) and cardio-renal axis (cystatin C) in HF patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) to determine whether renalase, in combination with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), represents a risk factor for plasma elevation in biomarkers.Methods: We classified HF patients (n = 76) according to LVEF (preserved/reduced), applied a median plasma renalase (113 ng/mL) as a cut-off value (low/high) and created four subgroups of HF patients: HFpEF/low renalase (n = 19), HFrEF/low renalase (n = 19), HFrEF/high renalase (n = 32) and HFpEF/high renalase (n = 6). A control group (n = 35) consisted of healthy volunteers.Results: Plasma concentrations of evaluated biomarkers were determined using an ELISA technique and were highest in HF patients with reduced EF (p < .001, respectively), and renalase's positive correlations were obtained relating to all biomarkers: galectin-3 (r = 0.913; p < .001), sST2 (r = 0.965; p < .001), GDF-15 (r = 0.887; p < .001), syndecan-1 (r = 0.922; p < .001), BNP (r = 0.527; p < .001) and cystatin C (r = 0.844; p < .001) and strong and negative correlation with LVEF (r = -0.456, p < .001). Increased renalase, regardless of the EF (preserved/reduced), was shown to be an independent risk factor for an increase in all evaluated cardiac remodeling biomarkers, p < .001, respectively. However, increased renalase and reduced EF was the only independent risk factor for BNP and cystatin C elevation, p < .001, respectively. Results after multivariable adjustments (age/gender) were identical.Conclusion: When elevated plasma renalase and HF are present, regardless of EF being reduced or preserved, that represents a significant risk factor for increase in cardiac remodeling biomarker plasma concentrations. However, only elevated renalase and reduced EF demonstrated significance as a risk factor for BNP and cystatin C plasma elevation. Renalase may be considered a promising molecule for the improved predictive abilities of conventional biomarkers and is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Stojanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Valentina Mitic
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niška Banja, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Stojanovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
- Institute for Public Health, Nis, Serbia
| | - Dejan Petrovic
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niška Banja, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ignjatovic
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
- Institute for Public Health, Nis, Serbia
| | - Nikola Stefanovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Cvetkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Gordana Kocic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Vladmila Bojanic
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | - Marina Deljanin Ilic
- Institute for Treatment and Rehabilitation "Niska Banja", Niška Banja, Serbia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia
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27
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Tokinoya K, Yoshida Y, Sugasawa T, Takekoshi K. Moderate-intensity exercise increases renalase levels in the blood and skeletal muscle of rats. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1005-1012. [PMID: 32053739 PMCID: PMC7262916 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renalase is predominantly expressed in the kidney, where it plays a role in catecholamine metabolism and blood pressure regulation. Moderate‐intensity exercise (MEX) has been shown to increase the concentration of renalase in the blood and to reduce renal function in humans. Moreover, such exercise was also reported to increase catecholamine levels. Here, we examined renalase concentration in the blood and renalase expression levels in different organs after MEX in rats. Twelve male Wistar rats were made to run on a treadmill (MEX group) for 60 min at 20 m·min−1, after resting for 15 min. The control group rats were euthanized after resting on the treadmill. Tissue and blood samples were analyzed using western blotting, real‐time RT‐PCR and ELISA. Overall, the concentrations of renalase in the blood were significantly higher in the MEX group than that in the control group. Renalase expression was decreased in the kidney after 60 min of exercise, whereas the expression of renalase mRNA and protein in the extensor digitorum longus and plantaris muscles, respectively, increased after exercise. However, the expression of renalase in the other tissues examined did not change after acute exercise. In conclusion, we report that MEX for 60 min increases both renalase concentration in the blood and its expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuyuki Tokinoya
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Japan.,Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takehito Sugasawa
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takekoshi
- Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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28
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Chang J, Guo X, Rao V, Gromisch E, Chung S, Kluger H, Cha C, Gorelick F, Testani J, Safirstein R, Crowley S, Peixoto A, Desir G. Identification of Two Forms of Human Plasma Renalase, and Their Association With All-Cause Mortality. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:362-368. [PMID: 32154458 PMCID: PMC7056858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Chang
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - X. Guo
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - V. Rao
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - E.S. Gromisch
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health of New England, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - S. Chung
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - H.M. Kluger
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - C. Cha
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - F. Gorelick
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - J. Testani
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - R. Safirstein
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - S. Crowley
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - A.J. Peixoto
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - G.V. Desir
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health System, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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29
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You NN, Jiang WH, Lin MY, Li XG, Wu YY, Li JY, Zhou XY, Ding ZW, Wang JW, Zhao XX, Chen HL, Tang HT. The role of urinary renalase on early-stage renal damage in Chinese adults with primary hypertension. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:576-582. [PMID: 32102561 PMCID: PMC7158598 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220909311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It would be of great clinical value to find an indicator that can accurately evaluate the early-stage renal injury in primary hypertension. Previous findings have shown renalase not only plays an important role in hypertension but also closely correlates with kidney function. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether urinary renalase could be used as a predictive index of early-stage renal damage in patients with primary hypertension. Urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) was used to divide subjects with primary hypertension into two groups: a no renal damage (NRD) group (UACR <30 mg/g) and an early-stage renal damage (RD) group (UACR >30 mg/g). Subjects with normal examination results were randomly included in a healthy control (HC) group. Urinary renalase was determined through an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary renalase continued to reduce among the HC (n = 81), NRD (n = 84) and RD group (n = 80), while systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased. Urinary renalase was negatively correlated with SBP in all the groups. Among the subjects with stage 1 primary hypertension, urinary renalase in the RD group was lower than the NRD group, while the UACR was higher, and urinary renalase was negatively correlated with the UACR. A multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between the increase of the UACR and urinary renalase, heart rate (HR), SBP and serum creatinine. In addition, the standardized partial regression coefficient of urinary renalase was the highest. The performance of urinary renalase as a marker for the diagnosis of early-stage renal damage in patients with primary hypertension was 0.968 with a cut off value of 2.01 µg/ml. Taken together, urinary renalase was further decreased in patients with early-stage renal damage and primary hypertension, and consequently, it could be used as a predictive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na You
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wei-Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yu-Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jia-Ying Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ze-Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jun-Wen Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xie-Xiong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hui-Ting Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Renalase Attenuates Mouse Fatty Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Damage via Activating SIRT1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7534285. [PMID: 31949882 PMCID: PMC6948337 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7534285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a severe complication of liver surgery. Moreover, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients are particularly vulnerable to IR injury, with higher rates of postoperative morbidity and mortality after liver surgeries. Our previous study found that renalase (RNLS) was highly sensitive and responsive to oxidative stress, which may be a promising biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of liver IR injury. However, the role of RNLS in liver IR injury remains unclear. In the present study, we intensively explored the role and mechanism of RNLS in fatty liver IR injury in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups feeding with high-fat diet (HFD) and control diet (CD), respectively. After 20 weeks' feeding, they were suffered from portal triad blockage and reflow to induce liver IR injury. Additionally, oleic acid (OA) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) were used in vitro to induce steatotic hepatocytes and to simulate ROS burst and mimic cellular oxidative stress following portal triad blockage and reflow, respectively. Our data showed that RNLS was downregulated in fatty livers, and RNLS administration effectively attenuated IR injury by reducing ROS production and improving mitochondrial function through activating SIRT1. Additionally, the downregulation of RNLS in the fatty liver was mediated by a decrease of signal transduction and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression under HFD conditions. These findings make RNLS a promising therapeutic strategy for the attenuation of liver IR injury.
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Association of Plasma Renalase and Left Ventricle Mass Index in Heart Failure Patients Stratified to the Category of the Ejection Fraction: A Pilot Study. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:7265160. [PMID: 31737132 PMCID: PMC6815612 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7265160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure represents a growing health problem, with increasing morbidity and mortality globally. According to the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure, many biomarkers have been proposed for the timely diagnosis and prognostication of patients with heart failure, but other than natriuretic peptides, none of them has gained enough clinical significance. Renalase, a new protein derived from kidneys was demonstrated to metabolize catecholamines and to have a cardioprotective role. The aim of the study was to determine whether renalase and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration could be used to differentiate heart failure patients stratified to the category of the ejection fraction and whether plasma renalase could be used as a biomarker for left ventricle hypertrophy in all subgroups of heart failure patients. We included patients diagnosed with heart failure and stratified them to the three subgroups according to the ejection fraction. Regarding echocardiographic parameters, HFmrEF had an intermediate profile in between HFrEF and HFpEF, with statistical significance in most evaluated parameters. BNP concentration was significantly different in all three subgroups (p < 0.001), and renalase was statistically higher in HFrEF (p = 0.007) compared to the HFmrEF and HFpEF, where its results were similar, without statistical significance. Renalase plasma concentration was demonstrated to be highly and positively associated with left ventricle mass index in HFrEF (p = 0.029), as well as increased plasma concentration of BNP (p = 0.006). In the HFmrEF group of patients, body mass index was positively associated with LVMI (p = 0.05), while in the patients with HFpEF, diabetes mellitus was demonstrated to have a positive association with LVMI (p = 0.043). These findings suggest that renalase concentration may be measured in order to differentiate patients with reduced ejection fraction. Plasma renalase concentrations positively correlated with left ventricle hypertrophy in patients with reduced ejection fraction, being strongly associated with increased left ventricular mass index.
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Skrzypczyk P, Okarska-Napierała M, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Górska E, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M. Renalase in children with chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers 2019; 24:638-644. [PMID: 31293181 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1642957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Renalase is kidney-derived molecule initially considered as catecholamine-inactivating enzyme. However, recent studies suggest that renalase exerts potent cardio- and nephroprotective actions, not related to its enzymatic activity. Purpose: To assess renalase level in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and methods: Serum renalase, BMI, arterial stiffness, peripheral and central blood pressure, intima-media thickness (IMT), medications, and biochemical parameters were analyzed in 38 children with CKD (12.23 ± 4.19 years) (stage G2-5). Control group consisted of 38 healthy children. Results: In the study group, GFR was 25.74 ± 8.94 mL/min/1.73 m2; 6 children were dialyzed; 26 had arterial hypertension. Renalase level was higher in the study group compared to control group (p < 0.001). In CKD children renalase correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-score (r = -0.36), alfacalcidol dose (r = 0.41), GFR (r = -0.69), hemoglobin (r = -0.48), total cholesterol (r = 0.35), LDL-cholesterol (r = 0.36), triglycerides (r = 0.52), phosphate (r = 0.35), calcium-phosphorus product (r = 0.35), parathormone (r = 0.58), and pulse wave velocity Z-score (r = 0.42). In multivariate analysis GFR (β = -0.63, p < 0.001), triglycerides (β = 0.59, p = 0.002), and alfacalcidol dose (β = -0.49, p = 0.010) were determinants of renalase. Conclusions: In children with CKD there is a strong correlation between renalase level and CKD stage. Furthermore, in these patients renalase does not correlate with blood pressure but may be a marker of arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skrzypczyk
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Magdalena Okarska-Napierała
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.,Department of Pediatrics with Observational Unit, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Górska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Schmitz B, Kleber ME, Lenders M, Delgado GE, Engelbertz C, Huang J, Pavenstädt H, Breithardt G, Brand SM, März W, Brand E. Genome-wide association study suggests impact of chromosome 10 rs139401390 on kidney function in patients with coronary artery disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2750. [PMID: 30809046 PMCID: PMC6391429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an independent risk factor for onset and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Discovery of predisposing loci for kidney function in CAD patients was performed using a genome-wide association approach. Inclusion criteria were CAD with ≥50% stenosis (≥1 coronary artery) and a creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 30–75 ml/min/1.73 m2. An association of rs139401390 located to a region 58.8 kb upstream of renalase (RNLS) with eGFR was detected in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study (n = 499, p = 7.88 × 10−9, mean eGFR 60.7 ml/min/1.73 m2). Direct genotyping of rs139401390A > G suggested increased eGFR by 12.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 per A allele (p = 0.000004). Genome-wide replication of rs139401390A > G in the Coronary Artery Disease and Renal Failure (CAD-REF) registry with a mean eGFR of 47.8 ml/min/1.73 m2 (n = 574, p = 0.033) was only nominally significant. Comparison of rs139401390 genotypes for risk of reduced kidney function in the overall LURIC study revealed higher adjusted odds ratios (OR) for eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 for CAD patients (n = 1992, OR = 2.36, p = 0.008, G/A + G/G vs A/A) compared to patients with/without CAD (n = 2908, OR = 1.97, p = 0.014, G/A + G/G vs A/A). No significant risk elevation was detected in patients without CAD (n = 948, p = 0.571). rs139401390 may affect kidney function in CAD patients with mild reduction in eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Malte Lenders
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Engelbertz
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.,Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Günter Breithardt
- Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Medical Clinic V, Mannheim Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Eva Brand
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Akbari H, Asadikaram G, Vakili S, Masoumi M. Atorvastatin and losartan may upregulate renalase activity in hypertension but not coronary artery diseases: The role of gene polymorphism. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9159-9171. [PMID: 30548657 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim is to explore the treatment effect of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension on plasma levels of renalase activity and also the possible association of renalase rs10887800 gene polymorphism with CAD and hypertension. A total of 286 patients who received coronary angiography were included in the study. Subjects were divided into four groups including (1) hypertensive with no CAD (H-Tens, n = 60); (2) CAD with hypertension (CAD + H-Tens, n = 71); (3) CAD with no hypertension (CAD, n = 61); and (4) nonhypertensive with no CAD as a control group (Con, n = 69). The plasma renalase activity was measured using the Amplex Red Monoamine Oxidase Assay Kit. Renalase rs10887800 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Atorvastatin (P = 0.005), losartan (P < 0.001), and captopril (P = 0.001) were administered significantly more in case groups compared with the Con group. Significant higher and lower levels of renalase activity were observed in H-Tens and CAD patients compared with control subjects (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Furthermore, no significant differences were obtained in the risk or protective effects of renalase rs10887800 SNP against hypertension and/or CAD in both recessive and dominant genetic models (P > 0.05). According to the findings of the present study, atorvastatin and losartan therapy assumes considerable significance in alleviating hypertension, but not CAD, by increasing the renalase activity. Furthermore, it was found that renalase rs10887800 is less likely a predisposing factor for susceptibility to hypertension and/or CAD in an Iranian southeast population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Akbari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sina Vakili
- Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoumi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Mahgoub MY, Foda AI, Elshambaky AY, Abdelrahman AMN, Nasif SN, El Sayed RG. Renalase and lupus nephritis: disease activity and histopathological classification. EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.4103/err.err_24_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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36
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Influence of acute exercise on renalase and its regulatory mechanism. Life Sci 2018; 210:235-242. [PMID: 30056018 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renalase expression in the kidneys and liver is regulated by nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Sp1, and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The dynamics of renalase expression in acute exercise, and its mechanism and physiological effects are unclear. We evaluated the effect of different exercise intensities on renalase expression and examined its mechanism and physiological effects. MAIN METHODS 21 male Wistar rats ran for 30 min on a treadmill after resting for 15 min. The sedentary group rested on the treadmill while the exercise group ran for 30 min at 10 or 30 m/min. Skeletal muscles, the kidney, heart, liver, and blood samples were collected after exercise. The expression of renalase and phosphate IkB-α and Akt was measured by western blotting, while HIF-1α, Sp1, MuRF-1, and MAFbx were measured in the skeletal muscle by real-time RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Renalase expression in skeletal muscles increased after acute exercise, while its expression in the kidneys, heart, and liver decreased. NF-κB regulated renalase expression in the plantaris muscle and that of HIF-1α in the soleus muscle. Phosphate Akt in the plantaris muscle significantly increased in the 30 m/min group compared with that in the sedentary group. MuRF-1 in the plantaris did not change between these groups. SIGNIFICANCE Renalase expression in skeletal muscles increased after acute exercise but decreased in other tissues. This increase may be a response to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, NF-κB in the plantaris muscle may mainly regulate renalase expression, and support a relationship with the cell protective effects of renalase.
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Synergistic effect of renalase and chronic kidney disease on endothelin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease ‒ a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7378. [PMID: 29743680 PMCID: PMC5943599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25763-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction. Increased circulating ET-1 levels are associated with long-term cardiovascular mortality. Renalase, released from kidney, metabolizes catecholamines and regulates blood pressure. An increase in circulating renalase levels has been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We hypothesized the existence of a synergistic effect of serum renalase levels and CKD on ET-1 levels in patients with CAD. We evaluated 342 non-diabetic patients with established CAD. ET-1 and renalase levels were measured in all patients after an overnight fast. Patients with CKD had higher ET-1 (1.95 ± 0.77 vs. 1.62 ± 0.76 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and renalase levels (46.8 ± 17.1 vs. 33.9 ± 9.9 ng/ml, P < 0.001) than patients without CKD. Patients with both CKD and high renalase levels (>the median of 36.2 ng/ml) exhibited the highest serum ET-1 (P value for the trend <0.001). According to multivariate linear regression analysis, the combination of high serum renalase levels with CKD was a significant risk factor for increased serum ET-1 levels (regression coefficient = 0.297, 95% confidence interval = 0.063‒0.531, P = 0.013). In conclusion, our data suggest a synergistic effect of high serum renalase levels and CKD on increases in ET-1 levels in patients with established CAD.
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Huang YS, Lai JB, Li SF, Wang T, Liu YN, Zhang QX, Zhang SY, Sun CH, Hu N, Zhang XZ. Relationship between Renalase Expression and Kidney Disease: an Observational Study in 72 Patients Undergoing Renal Biopsy. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:268-276. [PMID: 30074185 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the levels of renalase and changes in proteinuria, hypertension, renal function, renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression was investigated in patients (chronic nephritis, primary nephrotic syndrome or other kidney disease) that underwent renal biopsy. The study group comprised 72 patients undergoing renal biopsy. Patient profiles and renal function were collected. Concentrations of renalase and Bcl-2 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Tubular injury was detected by periodic acid Schiff staining (PAS) and renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. The expression of renalase was significantly lower in renal biopsy specimens than in normal kidney tissues. There was a positive linear relationship between renalase and some serum and cardiac indices; a negative correlation was found between age, eGFR, Ccr and 24-h urinary protein. Renal tubule injury index and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis index showed a negative linear correlation with renalase. The results showed that renalase probably increased the expression of Bcl-2. By two independent samples t-test, renalase levels were significantly increased in the non-hypertension group than in the hypertension group. One-way ANOVA showed that renalase expression was higher in samples with Lee's grade III than in those with Lee's grade V. The expression of renalase was significantly decreased in patients who underwent renal biopsy, and was also associated with blood and renal function. The research proved that renalase may reduce renal tubular injury and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, finally achieving the purpose of delaying the progress of renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sha Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Jian-Bo Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Sheng-Fa Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Huizhou First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying-Nan Liu
- Department of Hand Microsurgry, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Qing-Xia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Chun-Han Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Huizhou First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, 516000, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
| | - Xin-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
- Key Renal Laboratory of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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Lee MY, Gamez-Mendez A, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Vinyard DJ, Kraehling J, Velazquez H, Brudvig GW, Kyriakides TR, Simons M, Sessa WC. Endothelial Cell Autonomous Role of Akt1: Regulation of Vascular Tone and Ischemia-Induced Arteriogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:870-879. [PMID: 29449333 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The importance of PI3K/Akt signaling in the vasculature has been demonstrated in several models, as global loss of Akt1 results in impaired postnatal ischemia- and VEGF-induced angiogenesis. The ubiquitous expression of Akt1, however, raises the possibility of cell-type-dependent Akt1-driven actions, thereby necessitating tissue-specific characterization. APPROACH AND RESULTS Herein, we used an inducible, endothelial-specific Akt1-deleted adult mouse model (Akt1iECKO) to characterize the endothelial cell autonomous functions of Akt1 in the vascular system. Endothelial-targeted ablation of Akt1 reduces eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) phosphorylation and promotes both increased vascular contractility in isolated vessels and elevated diastolic blood pressures throughout the diurnal cycle in vivo. Furthermore, Akt1iECKO mice subject to the hindlimb ischemia model display impaired blood flow and decreased arteriogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Akt1 signaling is necessary for ischemic resolution post-injury and likely reflects the consequence of NO insufficiency critical for vascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Lee
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Ana Gamez-Mendez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jiasheng Zhang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Zhenwu Zhuang
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - David J Vinyard
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Jan Kraehling
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Heino Velazquez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - Michael Simons
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.)
| | - William C Sessa
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pharmacology (M.Y.L., A.G.-M., J.K., W.C.S.), Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Department of Pathology (T.R.K.), and Department of Cell Biology (M.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, New Haven, CT (J.Z., Z.Z., M.S.); Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT (D.J.V., G.W.B.); and Department of Internal Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT (H.V.).
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Kolodecik TR, Reed AM, Date K, Shugrue CA, Patel V, Chung SL, Desir GV, Gorelick FS. The serum protein renalase reduces injury in experimental pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:21047-21059. [PMID: 29042438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a disease associated with inflammation and tissue damage. One protein that protects against acute injury, including ischemic injury to both the kidney and heart, is renalase, which is secreted into the blood by the kidney and other tissues. However, whether renalase reduces acute injury associated with pancreatitis is unknown. Here, we used both in vitro and in vivo murine models of acute pancreatitis to study renalase's effects on this condition. In isolated pancreatic lobules, pretreatment with recombinant human renalase (rRNLS) blocked zymogen activation caused by cerulein, carbachol, and a bile acid. Renalase also blocked cerulein-induced cell injury and histological changes. In the in vivo cerulein model of pancreatitis, genetic deletion of renalase resulted in more severe disease, and administering rRNLS to cerulein-exposed WT mice after pancreatitis onset was protective. Because pathological increases in acinar cell cytosolic calcium levels are central to the initiation of acute pancreatitis, we also investigated whether rRNLS could function through its binding protein, plasma membrane calcium ATPase 4b (PMCA4b), which excretes calcium from cells. We found that PMCA4b is expressed in both murine and human acinar cells and that a PMCA4b-selective inhibitor worsens pancreatitis-induced injury and blocks the protective effects of rRNLS. These findings suggest that renalase is a protective plasma protein that reduces acinar cell injury through a plasma membrane calcium ATPase. Because exogenous rRNLS reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis, it has potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Kolodecik
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Anamika M Reed
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Kimie Date
- Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Christine A Shugrue
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Vikhil Patel
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Shang-Lin Chung
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Gary V Desir
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
| | - Fred S Gorelick
- From the Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, .,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, and
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41
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Moran GR, Hoag MR. The enzyme: Renalase. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 632:66-76. [PMID: 28558965 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Within the last two years catalytic substrates for renalase have been identified, some 10 years after its initial discovery. 2- and 6-dihydronicotinamide (2- and 6-DHNAD) isomers of β-NAD(P)H (4-dihydroNAD(P)) are rapidly oxidized by renalase to form β-NAD(P)+. The two electrons liberated are then passed to molecular oxygen by the renalase FAD cofactor forming hydrogen peroxide. This activity would appear to serve an intracellular detoxification/metabolite repair function that alleviates inhibition of primary metabolism dehydrogenases by 2- and 6-DHNAD molecules. This activity is supported by the complete structural assignment of the substrates, comprehensive kinetic analyses, defined species specific substrate specificity profiles and X-ray crystal structures that reveal ligand complexation consistent with this activity. This apparently intracellular function for the renalase enzyme is not allied with the majority of the renalase research that holds renalase to be a secreted mammalian protein that functions in blood to elicit a broad array of profound physiological changes. In this review a description of renalase as an enzyme is presented and an argument is offered that its enzymatic function can now reasonably be assumed to be uncoupled from whole organism physiological influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R Moran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3209, United States.
| | - Matthew R Hoag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3210 N. Cramer St, Milwaukee, WI 53211-3209, United States
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42
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Wu Y, Wang L, Deng D, Zhang Q, Liu W. Renalase Protects against Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting the Activation of the ERK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050855. [PMID: 28448446 PMCID: PMC5454808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Renalase, acting as a signaling molecule, has been reported to have cardiovascular and renal protective effects. However, its role in renal fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of renalase in rats with complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and examined the inhibitory effects of renalase on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human proximal renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. We found that in the UUO model, the expression of renalase was markedly downregulated and adenoviral-mediated expression of renalase significantly attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis, as evidenced by the maintenance of E-cadherin expression and suppressed expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and collagen-I. In vitro, renalase inhibited TGF-β1-mediated upregulation of α-SMA and downregulation of E-cadherin. Increased levels of Phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2) in TGF-β1-stimulated cells were reversed by renalase cotreatment. When ERK1 was overexpressed, the inhibition of TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrosis mediated by renalase was attenuated. Our study provides the first evidence that renalase can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis by suppression of tubular EMT through inhibition of the ERK pathway. These results suggest that renalase has potential renoprotective effects in renal interstitial fibrosis and may be an effective agent for slowing CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dai Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Qidong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xi Cheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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Stojanovic D, Cvetkovic T, Stojanovic M, Stefanovic N, Velickovic-Radovanovic R, Zivkovic N. Renalase Assessment With Regard to Kidney Function, Lipid Disturbances, and Endothelial Dysfunction Parameters in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients. Prog Transplant 2017; 27:125-130. [PMID: 28617168 DOI: 10.1177/1526924817699956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal transplant dysfunction has been shown to be independent predictor for premature cardiovascular disease and mortality. Renalase, a flavoprotein secreted by several tissues, including the kidney, has been found to regulate sympathetic tone and blood pressure. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to explore relationships among parameters of endothelial dysfunction, lipids, glomerular filtration rate, and renalase in 2 groups: renal transplant patients with controlled hypertension and healthy volunteers. METHODS In the parent study, 73 renal transplant recipients and 32 age- and gender-matched controls were enrolled. A fasting sample for endothelial, lipid, and renalase values, along with other clinical parameters, was obtained. RESULTS We found statistically significant inverse correlation between renalase and estimated glomerular filtration rate ( r = -0.552, P < .001), positive correlation between renalase and creatinine ( r = 0.364, P = .003), total cholesterol ( r = 0.578, P < .001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = 0.261, P = .046), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( r = 0.327, P = .01). Renalase inversely correlated with hemoglobin ( r = -0.232, P = .032) and positively with white blood cells ( r = 0.233, P = .032). There was a significant difference in plasma renalase with regard to chronic kidney disease stages ( F = 13.346, P < .001) but did not correlate with C-reactive protein. Renalase did not correlate with any of parameters of endothelial dysfunction, C-reactive protein, neither with some demographic data (gender, age, time or type of transplantation, risk factors). There were no differences in renalase concentration with regard to antihypertensive therapy. CONCLUSION Renalase strongly and inversely correlated with kidney function, positively with creatinine and lipid disturbances. Due to that it is very likely that renalase levels are determined mostly by renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatjana Cvetkovic
- 2 Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Nis, Serbia.,3 Clinic for Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia
| | | | | | - Radmila Velickovic-Radovanovic
- 3 Clinic for Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Clinical Centre Nis, Nis, Serbia.,5 Pharmacy Department, Medical Faculty, Nis, Serbia
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Wang Y, Safirstein R, Velazquez H, Guo XJ, Hollander L, Chang J, Chen TM, Mu JJ, Desir GV. Extracellular renalase protects cells and organs by outside-in signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:1260-1265. [PMID: 28238213 PMCID: PMC5487909 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Renalase was discovered as a protein synthesized by the kidney and secreted in blood where it circulates at a concentration of approximately 3-5 μg/ml. Initial reports suggested that it functioned as an NAD(P)H oxidase and could oxidize catecholamines. Administration of renalase lowers blood pressure and heart rate and also protects cells and organs against ischaemic and toxic injury. Although renalase's protective effect was initially ascribed to its oxidase properties, a paradigm shift in our understanding of the cellular actions of renalase is underway. We now understand that, independent of its enzymatic properties, renalase functions as a cytokine that provides protection to cells, tissues and organs by interacting with its receptor to activate protein kinase B, JAK/STAT, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In addition, recent studies suggest that dysregulated renalase signalling may promote survival of several tumour cells due to its capacity to augment expression of growth-related genes. In this review, we focus on the cytoprotective actions of renalase and its capacity to sustain cancer cell growth and also the translational opportunities these findings represent for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for organ injury and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Robert Safirstein
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Jia Guo
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lindsay Hollander
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John Chang
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tian-Min Chen
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gary V Desir
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Williamson CR, Khurana S, Nguyen P, Byrne CJ, Tai TC. Comparative Analysis of Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS)-Related Gene Expression Between Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2017; 23:20-24. [PMID: 28138124 PMCID: PMC5297324 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.901964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is physiologically important for blood pressure regulation. Altered regulation of RAS-related genes has been observed in an animal model of hypertension (spontaneously hypertensive rats - SHRs). The current understanding of certain RAS-related gene expression differences between Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKYs) and SHRs is either limited or has not been compared. The purpose of this study was to compare the regulation of key RAS-related genes in the kidneys of adult WKYs and SHRs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Coronal sections were dissected through the hilus of kidneys from 16-week-old male WKYs and SHRs. RT-PCR analysis was performed for Ace, Ace2, Agt, Agtr1a, Agtr1b, Agtr2, Atp6ap2 (PRR), Mas1, Ren, Rnls, and Slc12a3 (NCC). RESULTS Increased mRNA expression was observed for Ace, Ace2, Agt, Agtr1a, Agtr1b, and Atp6ap2 in SHRs compared to WKYs. Mas1, Ren, Slc12a3, and Rnls showed no difference in expression between animal types. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the upregulation of several key RAS-related genes in the kidney may account for the increased blood pressure of adult SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Phong Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Collin J Byrne
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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46
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Skrzypczyk P, Przychodzień J, Mizerska-Wasiak M, Kuźma-Mroczkowska E, Okarska-Napierała M, Górska E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Demkow U, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M. Renalase in Children with Glomerular Kidney Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1021:81-92. [PMID: 28405891 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that renalase, a renal catecholamine-inactivating enzyme, plays a major role in the pathogenesis of kidney and cardiovascular diseases in adults. This study seeks to determine the role of renalase in children with glomerular kidney diseases. We evaluated the serum renalase, arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness, blood pressure, and clinical and biochemical parameters in 78 children (11.9 ± 4.6 years of age) with glomerulopathies such as idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (40 cases), IgA nephropathy (12 cases), Henoch-Schönlein nephropathy (12 cases), and other glomerulopathies (14 cases). The control group consisted of 38 healthy children aged 11.8 ± 3.3 years. The mean renalase was 25.74 ± 8.94 μg/mL in the glomerulopathy group, which was not significantly different from the 27.22 ± 5.15 in the control group. The renalase level did not differ among various glomerulopathies either. However, proteinuric patients had a higher renalase level than those without proteinuria (28.43 ± 11.71 vs. 24.05 ± 6.23, respectively; p = 0.03). In proteinuric patients, renalase correlated with daily proteinuria. In the entire glomerulopathy group, renalase correlated with age, systolic central blood pressure (BP), diastolic peripheral and central BP, mean peripheral and central BP; peripheral diastolic BP Z-score, glomerular filtration rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, and pulse wave velocity. We conclude that in children with glomerulopathies renalase, although basically not enhanced, may underlie blood pressure elevation and arterial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skrzypczyk
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Przychodzień
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mizerska-Wasiak
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźma-Mroczkowska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Górska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 63A Zwirki i Wigury Street, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
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Wasilewski G, Przybylowski P, Wilusz M, Sztefko K, Janik Ł, Koc-Żórawska E, Malyszko J. High-performance Liquid Chromatography Measured Metabolites of Endogenous Catecholamines and Their Relations to Chronic Kidney Disease and High Blood Pressure in Heart Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1751-5. [PMID: 27496485 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients after solid organ transplantation, especially heart and kidneys, are prone to be hypertensive. Recently chronic kidney disease and renalase metabolism of endogenous catecholamines are thought to make major contribution to the pathogenesis of hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed 75 heart recipients (80% male, 20% female), medium age 54.9 years (range, 25-75) at 0.5 to 22 years after heart transplantation (median, 10.74). Diagnosis of hypertension was made on the basis of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Complete blood count, urea, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), renalase in serum, and levels of metanefrine, normetanefrine, and 3-metoxytyramine in 24-hour urine collection calculated with a high-performance liquid chromatography were recorded. RESULTS Urine endogenous catecholamine metabolites were estimated according to creatinine clearance. Normetanefrine was correlated with age (r = 0.27; P < .05), urea (r = 0.64; P < .01), creatinine (r = 0.6; P < .01), eGFR (r = -0.51; P < .01), renalase (r = 0.5; P < .01), and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.26; P < .05). Metanefrine was correlated with urea (r = 0.43; P < .01), creatinine (0.32; P < .01), eGFR (r = -0.4; P < .01), renalase (r = 0.34; P < .05), height (r = -0.26; P < .05), weight (r = -0.23; P < .05), and time after heart transplantation (r = 0.27; P < .05). 3-Metoxytyramine was correlated with urea (r = 0.43; P < .01), creatinine (r = 0.32; P < .01), and the eGFR (r = -0.24; P < .05). Creatinine was correlated with age (r = 0.36; P < .01), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.26; P < .05), time after heart transplantation (r = 0.24; P < .05), and renalase (r = 0.69; P < .01). Systolic blood pressure was correlated with proteinuria (r = 0.26; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Chronic kidney disease and concomitant hypertension are the most prevalent comorbidities in the population of heart transplant recipients. Urine catecholamine metabolites were related to kidney function but not to blood pressure level in the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wasilewski
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland.
| | - P Przybylowski
- First Chair of General Surgery, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland. Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - M Wilusz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical College, University Children's Hospital of Cracow, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Sztefko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical College, University Children's Hospital of Cracow, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ł Janik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | - E Koc-Żórawska
- Second Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
| | - J Malyszko
- Second Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland
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Lv YB, Wang Y, Ma WG, Yan DY, Zheng WL, Chu C, Guo TS, Yuan ZY, Mu JJ. Association of Renalase SNPs rs2296545 and rs2576178 with the Risk of Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158880. [PMID: 27434211 PMCID: PMC4951046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Two renalase single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2296545 and rs2576178 have been reported to be associated with the susceptibility to hypertension (HT). Given the inconsistent results, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between these two SNPs and the risk of HT. Methods Electronic databases were systematically searched to find relevant studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted according to the different concomitant diseases and ethnicities in the study population. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using fixed-effect or random-effect models. Results A total of six case–control studies on rs2296545 and six studies on rs2576178 were included. In the combined analysis, results showed a significant association between SNP rs2296545 and risk of HT in all genetic models (dominant model CG+CC/GG: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.24–1.65; recessive model CC/CG+GG: OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.09–1.69; codominant model CC/GG: OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.20–2.20, CG/GG: OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.12–1.52; allelic model C/G: OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.10–1.51). In subgroup analysis, we observed a significant association between rs2296545 and risk of essential HT. Although we did not observe an association between rs2576178 polymorphism and HT in the combined analysis, an increased risk was observed in the essential HT patients versus healthy controls (subgroup 1) analysis under the dominant, recessive, and codominant genetic models. Conclusions Renalase gene rs2296545 polymorphism is significantly associated with increased risk of HT, whereas rs2576178 polymorphism may not be associated with the susceptibility to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Bo Lv
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang-Ge Ma
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Ding-Yi Yan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Wen-Ling Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Tong-Shuai Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Zu-Yi Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian-Jun Mu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail:
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Oguz EG, Gursoy GK, Yayar O, Yildirim T, Cimen T, Bulut C, Eser B, Canbakan B, Yeter E, Ayli MD. Increased serum renalase in hemodialysis patients: is it related to left ventricular hypertrophy? Ren Fail 2016; 38:1180-6. [PMID: 27416751 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1208516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is one of the most common cardiac abnormalities in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Hypertension, diabetes, increased body mass index, gender, age, anemia, and hyperparathyroidism have been described as risk factors for LVH in patients on dialysis. However, there may be other risk factors which have not been described yet. Recent studies show that renalase is associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to reveal the relation between renalase, LVH in patients under hemodialysis (HD) treatment. METHODS The study included 50 HD patients and 35 healthy controls. Serum renalase levels and left ventricle mass index (LVMI) were measured in all participants and the relation between these variables was examined. FINDINGS LVMI was positively correlated with dialysis vintage and C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.387, p = 0.005 and r = 0.597, p < 0.001, respectively) and was negatively correlated with residual diuresis and hemoglobin levels (r = -0.324, p = 0.022 and r = -0.499, p < 0.001, respectively). There was no significant association of renalase with LVMI in the HD patients (r = 0.263, p = 0.065). Serum renalase levels were significantly higher in HD patients (212 ± 127 ng/mL) compared to controls (116 ± 67 ng/mL) (p < 0.001). Renalase was positively correlated with serum creatinine and dialysis vintage (r = 0.677, p < 0.001 and r = 0.625, p < 0.001, respectively). DISCUSSION In our study, LVMI was correlated with dialysis vintage, residual diuresis, CRP, and hemoglobin. LVMI tends to correlate with renalase and this correlation may be significant in studies with more patient numbers. The main parameters affecting renalase levels are dialysis vintage and serum creatinine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Gok Oguz
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Guner Karaveli Gursoy
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozlem Yayar
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tolga Yildirim
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Tolga Cimen
- b Department of Cardiology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Cengiz Bulut
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Barıs Eser
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Basol Canbakan
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ekrem Yeter
- b Department of Cardiology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - M Deniz Ayli
- a Department of Nephrology , Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Education and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gary V Desir
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, United States.
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