1
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Post Hospers G, Visser WJ, Verhoeven JGHP, Laging M, Baart SJ, Mertens zur Borg IRAM, Hesselink DA, de Mik-van Egmond AME, Betjes MGH, van Agteren M, Severs D, van de Wetering J, Zietse R, Vos MJ, Kema IP, Kho MML, Reinders MEJ, Roodnat JI. Delayed Graft Function After Kidney Transplantation: The Role of Residual Diuresis and Waste Products, as Oxalic Acid and Its Precursors. Transpl Int 2024; 37:13218. [PMID: 39100754 PMCID: PMC11294083 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Delayed graft function (DGF) after kidney transplantation heralds a worse prognosis. In patients with hyperoxaluria, the incidence of DGF is high. Oxalic acid is a waste product that accumulates when kidney function decreases. We hypothesize that residual diuresis and accumulated waste products influence the DGF incidence. Patients transplanted between 2018-2022 participated in the prospective cohort study. Pre-transplant concentrations of oxalic acid and its precursors were determined. Data on residual diuresis and other recipient, donor or transplant related variables were collected. 496 patients were included, 154 were not on dialysis. Oxalic acid, and glyoxylic acid, were above upper normal concentrations in 98.8%, and 100% of patients. Residual diuresis was ≤150 mL/min in 24% of patients. DGF occurred in 157 patients. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significant influence of dialysis type, recipient BMI, donor type, age, and serum creatinine on the DGF risk. Residual diuresis and glycolic acid concentration were inversely proportionally related to this risk, glyoxylic acid directly proportionally. Results in the dialysis population showed the same results, but glyoxylic acid lacked significance. In conclusion, low residual diuresis is associated with increased DGF incidence. Possibly accumulated waste products also play a role. Pre-emptive transplantation may decrease the incidence of DGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Post Hospers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wesley J. Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Dietetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen G. H. P. Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Laging
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sara J. Baart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis A. Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Michiel G. H. Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Madelon van Agteren
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - David Severs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline van de Wetering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Zietse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel J. Vos
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ido P. Kema
- Department of Clinical Chemistry Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcia M. L. Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke I. Roodnat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Joubran P, Roux FA, Serino M, Deschamps JY. Gut and Urinary Microbiota in Cats with Kidney Stones. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1098. [PMID: 38930480 PMCID: PMC11205531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Upper urinary tract urolithiasis is an emerging disease in cats, with 98% of kidney stones composed of calcium oxalate. In humans, disturbances in the intestinal and urinary microbiota are suspected to contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones. We hypothesized that similar mechanisms may be at play in cats. This study examines the intestinal and urinary microbiota of nine cats with kidney stones compared to nine healthy cats before, during, and after treatment with the antibiotic cefovecin, a cephalosporin. Initially, cats with kidney stones displayed a less diverse intestinal microbiota. Antibiotic treatment reduced microbiota diversity in both groups. The absence of specific intestinal bacteria could lead to a loss of the functions these bacteria perform, such as oxalate degradation, which may contribute to the formation of calcium oxalate stones. This study confirms the presence of a distinct urobiome in cats with kidney stones, characterized by greater richness and diversity compared to healthy cats. These findings highlight the potential of microbiota modulation as a strategy to prevent renal lithiasis in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Joubran
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris VetAgro Bio, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, La Chantrerie, CEDEX 03, 44 307 Nantes, France; (P.J.); (F.A.R.)
| | - Françoise A. Roux
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris VetAgro Bio, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, La Chantrerie, CEDEX 03, 44 307 Nantes, France; (P.J.); (F.A.R.)
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Oniris VetAgro Bio, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, La Chantrerie, CEDEX 03, 44 307 Nantes, France
| | - Matteo Serino
- IRSD, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1220, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier (UPS), CS 60039, 31 024 Toulouse, France
| | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- Nutrition, PathoPhysiology and Pharmacology (NP3) Unit, Oniris VetAgro Bio, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, La Chantrerie, CEDEX 03, 44 307 Nantes, France; (P.J.); (F.A.R.)
- Emergency and Critical Care Unit, Oniris VetAgro Bio, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, La Chantrerie, CEDEX 03, 44 307 Nantes, France
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3
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Šálek T. Calcium Kidney Stone Patient with Normocalcemia. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:641-644. [PMID: 38390779 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Šálek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, 703 00 Ostrava, Czechia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The Tomas Bata Hospital in Zlín, Havlíčkovo nábřeží 600, 76275 Zlín, Czechia
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4
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Desenclos J, Forté V, Clément C, Daudon M, Letavernier E. Pathophysiology and management of enteric hyperoxaluria. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102322. [PMID: 38503362 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Enteric hyperoxaluria is a metabolic disorder resulting from conditions associated with fatty acid malabsorption and characterized by an increased urinary output of oxalate. Oxalate is excessively absorbed in the gut and then excreted in urine where it forms calcium oxalate crystals, inducing kidney stones formation and crystalline nephropathies. Enteric hyperoxaluria is probably underdiagnosed and may silently damage kidney function of patients affected by bowel diseases. Moreover, the prevalence of enteric hyperoxaluria has increased because of the development of bariatric surgical procedures. Therapeutic options are based on the treatment of the underlying disease, limitation of oxalate intakes, increase in calcium salts intakes but also increase in urine volume and correction of hypocitraturia. There are few data regarding the natural evolution of kidney stone events and chronic kidney disease in these patients, and there is a need for new treatments limiting kidney injury by calcium oxalate crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Desenclos
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Valentine Forté
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Cécile Clément
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Michel Daudon
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France; INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, Paris F-75020, France; INSERM, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France; Sorbonne Université, UMR S 1155, Paris F-75020, France.
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5
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Choy WH, Adler A, Morgan-Lang C, Gough EK, Hallam SJ, Manges AR, Chew BH, Penniston K, Miller A, Lange D. Deficient butyrate metabolism in the intestinal microbiome is a potential risk factor for recurrent kidney stone disease. Urolithiasis 2024; 52:38. [PMID: 38413462 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-024-01534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis is a known risk factor for recurrent kidney stone disease (KSD) with prior data suggesting a role for dysfunctional metabolic pathways other than those directly utilizing oxalate. To identify alternative mechanisms, the current study analyzed differences in the metabolic potential of intestinal microbiomes of patients (n = 17) and live-in controls (n = 17) and determined their relevance to increased risk for KSD using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We found no differences in the abundance of genes associated with known oxalate degradation pathways, supporting the notion that dysfunction in other metabolic pathways plays a role in KSD. Further analysis showed decreased abundance of key enzymes involved in butyrate biosynthesis in patient intestinal microbiomes. Furthermore, de novo construction of microbial genomes showed that the majority of genes significantly enriched in non-stone formers are affiliated with Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a major butyrate producer. Specifically pertaining to butyrate metabolism, the majority of abundant genes mapped back to F. prausnitzii, Alistipes spp., and Akkermansia muciniphila. No differences were observed in ascorbate or glyoxylate metabolic pathways. Collectively, these data suggest that impaired bacterial-associated butyrate metabolism may be an oxalate-independent mechanism that contributes to an increased risk for recurrent KSD. This indicates that the role of the intestinal microbiome in recurrent KSD is multi-factorial, which is representative of the highly intertwined metabolic nature of this complex environment. Future bacteria-based treatments must not be restricted to targeting only oxalate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ho Choy
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Stone Centre at VGH, University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre, Rm. 550-3, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6J 1G7, Canada
| | - Ava Adler
- Departments of Urology and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Connor Morgan-Lang
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ethan K Gough
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health US, Baltimore, USA
| | - Steven J Hallam
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Genome Science and Technology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- ECOSCOPE Training Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amee R Manges
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ben H Chew
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Stone Centre at VGH, University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre, Rm. 550-3, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6J 1G7, Canada
| | - Kristina Penniston
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Departments of Urology and Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Dirk Lange
- Department of Urologic Sciences, The Stone Centre at VGH, University of British Columbia, Jack Bell Research Centre, Rm. 550-3, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6J 1G7, Canada.
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6
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Geertsma ER, Oliver D. SLC26 Anion Transporters. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 283:319-360. [PMID: 37947907 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Solute carrier family 26 (SLC26) is a family of functionally diverse anion transporters found in all kingdoms of life. Anions transported by SLC26 proteins include chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate, but also small organic dicarboxylates such as fumarate and oxalate. The human genome encodes ten functional homologs, several of which are causally associated with severe human diseases, highlighting their physiological importance. Here, we review novel insights into the structure and function of SLC26 proteins and summarize the physiological relevance of human members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Geertsma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Dominik Oliver
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Universities of Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
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7
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Yang X, Zhang P, Jiang J, Almoallim HS, Alharbi SA, Li Y. Myricetin Attenuates Ethylene Glycol-Induced Nephrolithiasis in Rats via Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Markers. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04831-0. [PMID: 38158485 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a condition of kidney stone formation and is considered a painful disease of the urinary tract system. In this work, we planned to discover the therapeutic roles of myricetin on the ethylene glycol (EG)-induced nephrolithiasis in rats. The experimental rats were treated with 0.75% of EG through drinking water for 4 weeks to initiate the nephrolithiasis and subsequently treated with 25 and 50 mg/kg of myricetin. The body weight and urine volume were measured regularly. After the sacrification of rats, the samples were collected, and serum and urinary biomarkers such as creatinine, urea, Ca2 + ion, and BUN, OPN, oxalate, and citrate levels were determined using assay kits. These biomarkers, the MDA level and CAT, SOD, and GPx activities, were assessed in the kidney tissue homogenates. The IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels were also quantified using respective kits. The histopathological analysis was done on the kidney tissues. Myricetin treatment did not show major changes in the body weight and kidney weight in the EG-induced rats. The treatment with 25 and 50 mg/kg of myricetin considerably reduced the urea, creatinine, BUN, Ca2 + ion, and oxalate and increased the citrate content in serum and urine samples of EG-induced rats. Further, myricetin depleted the inflammatory cytokines and MDA levels and elevated the CAT, SOD, and GPx activities in the renal tissues. The activities of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and LDH were also reduced by the myricetin. Furthermore, the myricetin upheld the histoarchitecture of the kidneys. The outcomes of this investigation propose that myricetin is effective in EG-induced urolithiasis probably because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective activities. In addition, further studies are still required to verify the precise therapeutic mechanism of myricetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Yang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh, 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youfang Li
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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8
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Liu J, Huang J, Gong B, Cheng S, Liu Y, Chen Y, Feng Q, Li J, Qiu M, Yu G, Liao Y. Polydatin protects against calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal injury through the cytoplasmic/mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115621. [PMID: 37793278 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are critical factors in calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal-induced renal injury. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are usually produced in the cytoplasm and mitochondria and trigger the priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby regulating cytokines and inflammation. Polydatin is a plant rhizome extract with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. However, it remains not clear whether and how these pathophysiological processes exists in CaOx crystal-induced renal inflammatory injury. METHODS Here, we measured the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-18, IL-1β, intracellular and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) levels and relevant morphological changes in treated renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and stone-forming rats. The study further explored the action of intracellular ROS and mtROS on these inflammatory damage, and the beneficial effects and pathway of polydatin. RESULTS We verified that CaOx crystal-induced cytoplasmic ROS and mtROS upregulation promoted the priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thereby stimulating IL-18/1β maturation and activation. Polydatin can relieve oxidative stress and inflammatory damage by decreasing ROS. We further demonstrated that mtROS is the main target for polydatin to exert the NLRP3 inflammasome-regulating function. The inhibition of mtROS can effectively relieve the inflammatory damage to TECs and kidney caused by CaOx crystal. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insight into the relationship between mitochondrial damage and inflammation in nephrolithiasis and show that polydatin-mediated anti-inflammatory and antioxidative protection is a therapeutic strategy for, but not limited to, crystalline nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Bo Gong
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, Zhejiang 315000, China
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Mingxing Qiu
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Gui Yu
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yong Liao
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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9
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Lemoine S, Dahan P, Haymann JP, Meria P, Almeras C. 2022 Recommendations of the AFU Lithiasis Committee: Medical management - from diagnosis to treatment. Prog Urol 2023; 33:911-953. [PMID: 37918992 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphological-compositional analysis of urinary stones allows distinguishing schematically several situations: dietary, digestive, metabolic/hormonal, infectious and genetic problems. Blood and urine testing are recommended in the first instance to identify risk factors of urinary stone disease in order to avoid recurrence or progression. The other objective is to detect a potential underlying pathology associated with high risk of urinary stone disease (e.g. primary hyperparathyroidism, primary or enteric hyperoxaluria, cystinuria, distal renal tubular acidosis) that may require specific management. Lifestyle-diet measures are the basis of the management of all stone types, but pharmacological treatments may be required. METHODOLOGY: These recommendations were developed using two methods: the Clinical Practice Recommendation (CPR) method and the ADAPTE method, depending on whether the question was considered in the European Association of Urology (EAU) recommendations (https://uroweb.org/guidelines/urolithiasis) [EAU 2022] and their adaptability to the French context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lemoine
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, SFNDT, SP, Lyon, France
| | - P Dahan
- Nephrology Department, Clinique Saint-Exupéry, SFNDT, Toulouse, France
| | - J P Haymann
- Inserm, UMRS 1155 UPMC, Tenon Hospital, SP, Paris, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles Multidisciplinaires, Tenon Hospital, Paris, France
| | - P Meria
- Service d'Urologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, AP-HP-Centre Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - C Almeras
- UroSud, clinique La Croix du Sud, Quint-Fonsegrives, France.
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10
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Ushimoto C, Sugiki S, Kunii K, Inoue S, Kuroda E, Akai R, Iwawaki T, Miyazawa K. Dynamic change and preventive role of stress response via Keap1-Nrf2 during renal crystal formation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:120-132. [PMID: 37451369 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major risk factor for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Reports suggest that oxidative stress response is induced in animals and humans with kidney stones. Keap1, Nrf2, and HO-1 are known as oxidative stress mediators. However, the association between oxidative stress response and stone formation is unclear. In this study, we analyzed oxidative stress response from the acute to the crystal formation phase when crystal formation was applied to renal crystal mice model and bioimaging mice and investigated the effect on crystal formation. In renal tissues, after glyoxylate administration, HO-1 increased for up to 6 h and returned to baseline at 24 h. This was observed following each daily dose until five days after the crystallization phase; however, the range of increase was attenuated. The possibility that Nrf2 activity influenced the number of crystals was considered in the experiment. Crystal formation increased in Nrf2-deficient mice and could be reduced by Nrf2 activators. In conclusion, the oxidative stress response via the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway may contribute to crystal formation. Particularly, this pathway may be a prospective target for drug development to prevent and cure nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharuko Ushimoto
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sugiki
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kenshirou Kunii
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shinya Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Eriko Kuroda
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Ryoko Akai
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Katsuhito Miyazawa
- Department of Urology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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Baltazar P, de Melo Junior AF, Fonseca NM, Lança MB, Faria A, Sequeira CO, Teixeira-Santos L, Monteiro EC, Campos Pinheiro L, Calado J, Sousa C, Morello J, Pereira SA. Oxalate (dys)Metabolism: Person-to-Person Variability, Kidney and Cardiometabolic Toxicity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1719. [PMID: 37761859 PMCID: PMC10530622 DOI: 10.3390/genes14091719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxalate is a metabolic end-product whose systemic concentrations are highly variable among individuals. Genetic (primary hyperoxaluria) and non-genetic (e.g., diet, microbiota, renal and metabolic disease) reasons underlie elevated plasma concentrations and tissue accumulation of oxalate, which is toxic to the body. A classic example is the triad of primary hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, and kidney injury. Lessons learned from this example suggest further investigation of other putative factors associated with oxalate dysmetabolism, namely the identification of precursors (glyoxylate, aromatic amino acids, glyoxal and vitamin C), the regulation of the endogenous pathways that produce oxalate, or the microbiota's contribution to oxalate systemic availability. The association between secondary nephrolithiasis and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity) inspired the authors to perform this comprehensive review about oxalate dysmetabolism and its relation to cardiometabolic toxicity. This perspective may offer something substantial that helps advance understanding of effective management and draws attention to the novel class of treatments available in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Baltazar
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, E.P.E, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.B.); (N.M.F.); (M.B.L.); (L.C.P.); (J.C.)
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Antonio Ferreira de Melo Junior
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Moreira Fonseca
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, E.P.E, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.B.); (N.M.F.); (M.B.L.); (L.C.P.); (J.C.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Brito Lança
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, E.P.E, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.B.); (N.M.F.); (M.B.L.); (L.C.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Ana Faria
- CHRC, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Catarina O. Sequeira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emilia C. Monteiro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Campos Pinheiro
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, E.P.E, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.B.); (N.M.F.); (M.B.L.); (L.C.P.); (J.C.)
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Calado
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, E.P.E, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal; (P.B.); (N.M.F.); (M.B.L.); (L.C.P.); (J.C.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- ToxOmics, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Sousa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Judit Morello
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
| | - Sofia A. Pereira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.F.d.M.J.); (C.O.S.); (L.T.-S.); (E.C.M.); (C.S.); (J.M.)
- Centro Clínico Académico de Lisboa, 1159-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Liu M, Zhang Y, Wu J, Gao M, Zhu Z, Chen H. Causal relationship between kidney stones and gut microbiota contributes to the gut-kidney axis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1204311. [PMID: 37502408 PMCID: PMC10368867 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1204311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota, particularly Oxalobacter formigenes, has been previously reported to be associated with kidney stones. However, the conflicting results from both observational and intervention studies have created substantial uncertainty regarding the contribution of Oxalobacter formigenes to the formation of kidney stone. Methods We employed a two-sample MR analysis to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and kidney stones using GWASs summary statistics obtained from the MiBioGen and FinnGen consortia. Moreover, we conducted a reserve MR analysis to assess the direction of the causal associations between gut microbiota and kidney stones. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach represents the primary method of Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Results Our analyses do not yield supportive evidence for a causal link between the genus Oxalobacter (OR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.90-1.09, p = 0.811) and the formation of kidney stones. The order Actinomycetales (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, p = 0.020), family Actinomycetaceae (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96, p = 0.019), family Clostridiaceae 1 (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.96, p = 0.015), genus Clostridiumsensustricto 1 (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67-0.98, p = 0.030) and genus Hungatella (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-0.99, p = 0.040) had protective effects on kidney stones, and the genus Haemophilus (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.01-1.33, p = 0.032), genus Ruminococcaceae (UCG010) (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.04-1.84, p = 0.028), genus Subdoligranulum (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.52, p = 0.009) were risk factors for kidney stones. Differential abundance analysis provide no evidence of a association between Oxalobacter formigenes and kidney stones, and showed genus Subdoligranulum were risk factors for kidney stones. Reverse MR analysis did not indicate any causal association of kidney stones on gut microbiota. No considerable heterogeneity of instrumental variables or horizontal pleiotropy was observed. Conclusion Our two-sample MR study did not find any causal relationship between genus Oxalobacter and kidney stones. The association between gut microbiota and kidney stones does not solely depend on the presence of genus Oxalobacter/Oxalobacter formigenes. A more integrated approach using multiple omics platforms is needed to better understand the pathogenesis of kidney stones in the context of complex gene-environment interactions over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Youjie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hequn Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Wang J, Chen G, Chen H, Chen J, Su Q, Zhuang W. Exploring the characteristics of gut microbiome in patients of Southern Fujian with hypocitraturia urolithiasis and constructing clinical diagnostic models. Int Urol Nephrol 2023:10.1007/s11255-023-03662-6. [PMID: 37294502 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypocitraturia is an important cause of urolithiasis. Exploring the characteristics of the gut microbiome (GMB) of hypocitriuria urolithiasis (HCU) patients can provide new ideas for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. METHODS The 24 h urinary citric acid excretion of 19 urolithiasis patients was measured, and patients were divided into the HCU group and the normal citrate urolithiasis (NCU) group. The 16 s ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was used to detect GMB composition differences and construct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) coexistence networks. The key bacterial community was determined by Lefse analysis, Metastats analysis and RandomForest analysis. Redundancy analysis (RDA) and Pearson correlation analysis visualized the correlation between key OTUs and clinical features and then established the disease diagnosis model of microbial-clinical indicators. Finally, PICRUSt2 was used to explore the metabolic pathway of related GMB in HCU patients. RESULTS The alpha diversity of GMB in HCU group was increased and Beta diversity analysis suggested significant differences between HCU and NCU groups, which was related to renal function damage and urinary tract infection. Ruminococcaceae_ge and Turicibacter are the characteristic bacterial groups of HCU. Correlation analysis showed that the characteristic bacterial groups were significantly associated with various clinical features. Based on this, the diagnostic models of microbiome-clinical indicators in HCU patients were constructed with the areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.923 and 0.897, respectively. Genetic and metabolic processes of HCU are affected by changes in GMB abundance. CONCLUSION GMB disorder may be involved in the occurrence and clinical characteristics of HCU by influencing genetic and metabolic pathways. The new microbiome-clinical indicator diagnostic model is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Guofeng Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Heyi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Jiabi Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qingfu Su
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Licheng District Zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
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14
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Zhou Z, Feng D, Shi D, Gao P, Wang L, Wu Z. Untargeted and targeted metabolomics reveal bile acid profile changes in rats with ethylene glycol-induced calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110570. [PMID: 37244400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) nephrolithiasis is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolism. Examining metabolic alterations could potentially give an initial understanding of the origins of CaOx nephrolithiasis. This study aims to determine gut metabolic biomarkers differentiating CaOx nephrolithiasis utilizing untargeted and targeted metabolomics. CaOx nephrolithiasis model rats were built by 1% ethylene glycol administration. Histologic staining and renal function measurement revealed the presence of crystals in the lumen of the renal tubules, the renal injury and interstitial fibrosis in CaOx rats, demonstrating that the models of CaOx were established successfully. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining showed that CaOx group had inflammation and damage in the ileal tissue. Immunofluorescence and PCR results displayed that the tight junction proteins, ZO-1 and Occludin levels were decreased in the ileal tissues of the CaOx group. The untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that 269 gut metabolites were differentially expressed between the CaOx group and the control group. Meanwhile, bile secretion, the main metabolic pathway in CaOx nephrolithiasis, was identified. Following, five significant bile acid metabolites were selected utilizing the targeted bile acid metabolomics, including Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), Glycohyodeoxycholic acid (GHDCA), Nor-Deoxycholic Acid, omega-muricholic acid, and Taurolithocholic acid. Among these metabolites, HDCA and GHDCA presented the highest predictive accuracy with AUC = 1 to distinguish the CaOx group from the control group. As a result of network pharmacology, target genes of HDCA and GHDCA in CaOx nephrolithiasis were enriched in oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Conclusively, our study provides insight into bile acids metabolic changes related to CaOx nephrolithiasis. Although alterations in biochemical pathways indicate a complex pathology in CaOx rats, bile acid changes may serve as biomarkers of CaOx nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Dexiang Feng
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Donghui Shi
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Wu Zhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, 215100, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Lujia Wang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
| | - Zhong Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Clinical Research Center of Urolithiasis, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China.
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15
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Ermer T, Nazzal L, Tio MC, Waikar S, Aronson PS, Knauf F. Oxalate homeostasis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:123-138. [PMID: 36329260 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate homeostasis is maintained through a delicate balance between endogenous sources, exogenous supply and excretion from the body. Novel studies have shed light on the essential roles of metabolic pathways, the microbiome, epithelial oxalate transporters, and adequate oxalate excretion to maintain oxalate homeostasis. In patients with primary or secondary hyperoxaluria, nephrolithiasis, acute or chronic oxalate nephropathy, or chronic kidney disease irrespective of aetiology, one or more of these elements are disrupted. The consequent impairment in oxalate homeostasis can trigger localized and systemic inflammation, progressive kidney disease and cardiovascular complications, including sudden cardiac death. Although kidney replacement therapy is the standard method for controlling elevated plasma oxalate concentrations in patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis, more research is needed to define effective elimination strategies at earlier stages of kidney disease. Beyond well-known interventions (such as dietary modifications), novel therapeutics (such as small interfering RNA gene silencers, recombinant oxalate-degrading enzymes and oxalate-degrading bacterial strains) hold promise to improve the outlook of patients with oxalate-related diseases. In addition, experimental evidence suggests that anti-inflammatory medications might represent another approach to mitigating or resolving oxalate-induced conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ermer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lama Nazzal
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Clarissa Tio
- Division of Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Sushrut Waikar
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter S Aronson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. .,Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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16
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王 昱, 张 慧, 邓 雪, 刘 伟, 陈 璐, 赵 宁, 张 晓, 宋 志, 耿 研, 季 兰, 王 玉, 张 卓. [Diagnostic values of urinary citrate for kidney stones in patients with primary gout]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54:1134-1140. [PMID: 36533345 PMCID: PMC9761807 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between 24 h urinary ion content and kidney stones, and to explore the diagnostic values of kidney stone in primary gout patients. METHODS Patients diagnosed with primary gout had ultrasound scanning of both feet and kidneys in Peking University First Hospital from Jan. 2020 to May 2021. Their clinical characteristics were compared between the positive and negative kidney stone groups, and the relationship between kidney stone and urinary ion composition were analyzed. Risk factors of kidney stone were analyzed. The explored diagnostic values were evaluated for urinary oxalate and citrate according with uric acid kidney stones by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT). RESULTS Among the 100 gouty patients, 80 patients had uric acid crystal deposition in lower joints of extremity by ultrasonography, 61 patients had kidney stone, and 34 had kidney uric acid stones by DECT. All the multiple kidney stones were proved as uric acid kidney stones by DECT. Compared with patients without kidney stone group proved by ultrasonography, patients with kidney stone had longer gouty duration [(48.7±26.6) months vs. (84.0±30.6) months, P=0.01], higher 24 h urinary oxalate [(20.1±9.6) mg vs. (28.6±20.7) mg, P=0.001] and lower 24 h urinary citrate [(506.3±315.4) mg vs. (355.7±219.6) mg, P=0.001]. Compared with the patients without kidney stone by DECT, the patients with uric acid kidney stone also had longer disease duration [(49.1±28.4) months vs. (108.3±72.2) months, P=0.001], higher 24 h urinary oxalate [(23.6±16.9) mg vs. (28.5±18.8) mg, P < 0.05], lower 24 h urinary citrate [(556.0±316.3) mg vs. (391.7±261.2) mg, P < 0.05], higher serum uric acid [(466.2±134.5) μmol/L vs. (517.2±18.1) μmol/L, P < 0.05] and higher 24 h urinary uric acid [(1 518.1±893.4) mg vs. (1 684.2±812.1) mg, P < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed long gout disease duration (OR=1.229, 95%CI: 1.062-1.522, P < 0.05), high serum uric acid level (OR=1.137, 95%CI: 1.001-1.213, P=0.01), low 24 h urinary citrate (OR=0.821, 95%CI: 0.659-0.952, P=0.01) were all risk factors of kidney stones by ultrasonography. Also, long gout disease duration (OR=1.201, 95%CI: 1.101-1.437, P=0.005), high serum creatine uric level (OR=1.145, 95%CI: 1.001-1.182, P=0.04), low 24 h urinary citrate (OR=0.837, 95%CI: 0.739-0.931, P=0.02) were all risk factors of kidney uric acid stones by DECT. CONCLUSION Long disease duration and low 24 h urinary citrate were risk factors for kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- 昱 王
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 慧敏 张
- 北京大学第一医院肾内科,北京 100034Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 雪蓉 邓
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 伟伟 刘
- 河北省沧州市渤海新区中捷医院综合内科,河北沧州 061108Department of Internal General Medicine, Zhongjie Hospital, Cangzhou 061108, Hebei, China
| | - 璐 陈
- 北京航空总医院中医科,北京 100012Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 100012, China
| | - 宁 赵
- 北京中医药大学附属护国寺中医医院针灸科,北京 100035Department of Acupuncture, Huguosi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100035, China
| | - 晓慧 张
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 志博 宋
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 研 耿
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 兰岚 季
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 玉 王
- 北京大学第一医院肾内科,北京 100034Department of Nephrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - 卓莉 张
- 北京大学第一医院风湿免疫科,北京 100034Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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17
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Sheng W, Sun R, Zhang R, Xu P, Wang Y, Xu H, Aa J, Wang G, Xie Y. Identification of Biomarkers for Methamphetamine Exposure Time Prediction in Mice Using Metabolomics and Machine Learning Approaches. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121250. [PMID: 36557288 PMCID: PMC9780981 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse has become a global public health and safety problem. More information is needed to identify the time of drug abuse. In this study, methamphetamine was administered to male C57BL/6J mice with increasing doses from 5 to 30 mg kg-1 (once a day, i.p.) for 20 days. Serum and urine samples were collected for metabolomics studies using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six machine learning models were used to infer the time of drug abuse and the best model was selected to predict administration time preliminarily. The metabolic changes caused by methamphetamine were explored. As results, the metabolic patterns of methamphetamine exposure mice were quite different from the control group and changed over time. Specifically, serum metabolomics showed enhanced amino acid metabolism and increased fatty acid consumption, while urine metabolomics showed slowed metabolism of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, increased organic acid excretion, and abnormal purine metabolism. Phenylalanine in serum and glutamine in urine increased, while palmitic acid, 5-HT, and monopalmitin in serum and gamma-aminobutyric acid in urine decreased significantly. Among the six machine learning models, the random forest model was the best to predict the exposure time (serum: MAE = 1.482, RMSE = 1.69, R squared = 0.981; urine: MAE = 2.369, RMSE = 1.926, R squared = 0.946). The potential biomarker set containing four metabolites in the serum (palmitic acid, 5-hydroxytryptamine, monopalmitin, and phenylalanine) facilitated the identification of methamphetamine exposure. The random forest model helped predict the methamphetamine exposure time based on these potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sheng
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing 210000, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Peng Xu
- China National Narcotics Control Commission—China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Youmei Wang
- China National Narcotics Control Commission—China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.X.)
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18
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Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Azizi F. Dietary oxalate-calcium balance and the incidence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease: a prospective study among an Asian population. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:74. [PMID: 36329523 PMCID: PMC9632065 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00709-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The potential effects of dietary oxalate (Ox) intake on cardio-renal function have remained unestablished. We evaluated the effect of usual Ox intake and its interaction with dietary calcium (Ca) on incident hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Methods Adult men and women, free of HTN and CKD at baseline (2006–2008), were recruited. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and the outcomes were documented up to 2014–2017. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of HTN and CKD in relation to Ox intakes. Repeated-measures generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression models were used to assess possible effect of Ox-intake on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and blood pressure levels over eight years.
Results Dietary Ox intakes were positively associated with incident CKD (HR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.46–4.64) and HTN (HR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.05–3.04). Compared to high-Ca consumers, subjects who had lower Ca intakes (< 990 vs. 1580 mg/d) had a higher incidence of CKD and HTN (HR = 2.43, 95% CI = 1.06–5.55, and HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.76–3.78). Participants with higher intakes of Ox (> 220 vs. < 150 mg/d) had lower eGFR values (75.3, 95% CI = 75.0–76.5 vs. 77.3, 95% CI = 76.6–78.1 mL/min/1.73m2, Ptime×group = 0.004) and higher SBP levels (112, 95% CI = 111–113 vs. 109, 95% CI = 108–110 mmHg, Ptime×group = 0.007) overtime.
Conclusion Higher dietary Ox intake may increase the risk of HTN and CKD. The relation between dietary Ox and risk of HTN and CKD seems to be varied by Ca intake, and subjects with lower Ca intakes may be more burdened by excessive amounts of dietary Ox.
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Favero C, Giordano L, Mihaila SM, Masereeuw R, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Postbiotics and Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090623. [PMID: 36136562 PMCID: PMC9501217 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is projected to become the fifth global cause of death by 2040 as a result of key shortcomings in the current methods available to diagnose and treat kidney diseases. In this regard, the novel holobiont concept, used to describe an individual host and its microbial community, may pave the way towards a better understanding of kidney disease pathogenesis and progression. Microbiota-modulating or -derived interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and postbiotics. As of 2019, the concept of postbiotics was updated by the International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) to refer to preparations of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confer a health benefit to the host. By explicitly excluding purified metabolites without a cellular biomass, any literature making use of such term is potentially rendered obsolete. We now review the revised concept of postbiotics concerning their potential clinical applications and research in kidney disease, by discussing in detail several formulations that are undergoing preclinical development such as GABA-salt for diet-induced hypertension and kidney injury, sonicated Lactobacillus paracasei in high fat diet-induced kidney injury, GABA-salt, lacto-GABA-salt and postbiotic-GABA-salt in acute kidney injury, and O. formigenes lysates for hyperoxaluria. Furthermore, we provide a roadmap for postbiotics research in kidney disease to expedite clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favero
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Giordano
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Maria Mihaila
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) 2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.D.S.-N.)
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) 2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.O.); (M.D.S.-N.)
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20
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Fong P, Wusirika R, Rueda J, Raphael KL, Rehman S, Stack M, de Mattos A, Gupta R, Michels K, Khoury FG, Kung V, Andeen NK. Increased Rates of Supplement-Associated Oxalate Nephropathy During COVID-19 Pandemic. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2608-2616. [PMID: 36120391 PMCID: PMC9464307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Causes of secondary oxalate nephropathy include enteric dysfunction and excessive intake of oxalate or oxalate precursors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a dramatic rise in sales of supplements and vitamin C, during which time we observed an apparent increase in the proportion of ingestion-associated oxalate nephropathy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed secondary oxalate nephropathy and compared pre-pandemic (2018–2019) and pandemic (2020–early 2022) time periods. Results We identified 35 patients with kidney biopsy proven (30 native, 5 allograft) oxalate nephropathy at a single academic institution. Supplement-associated oxalate nephropathy comprised a significantly higher proportion of cases during COVID-19 pandemic compared with the preceding 2 years (44% vs. 0%, P = 0.002), and was associated with use of vitamin C, dietary changes, and supplements. Oxalate nephropathy in the kidney allograft, in contrast, remained associated with enteric hyperoxaluria, antibiotic use, and dehydration. Many patients had diabetes mellitus (57%), hypertension (40%) and/or pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD, 49%). Of 9 patients in which the potentially causative ingestion was identified and removed, 8 experienced improvement in kidney function. Conclusion There was a shift toward supplements rather than enteric hyperoxaluria as a leading cause of secondary oxalate nephropathy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Kidney outcomes are better than those observed for enteric hyperoxaluria, if the offending agent is identified and removed.
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21
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Jing GH, Liu YD, Liu JN, Jin YS, Yu SL, An RH. Puerarin prevents calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal epithelial cell autophagy by activating the SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway. Urolithiasis 2022; 50:545-556. [PMID: 35913552 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals can activate autophagy, causing damage to renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs). Puerarin has been shown to have protective and therapeutic effects against a variety of diseases by inhibiting autophagy activation. However, the protective effect of puerarin against CaOx crystals and the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to evaluate the effects of puerarin on cell viability. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by the cell-permeable fluorogenic probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to examine the expression of SIRT1, Beclin1, p62, and LC3, and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Puerarin treatment significantly attenuated CaOx crystal-induced autophagy of TECs and CaOx cytotoxicity to TECs by altering SIRT1 expression in vitro and in vivo, whereas the SIRT1-specific inhibitor EX527 exerted contrasting effects. In addition, we found that the protective effect of puerarin was related to the SIRT1/AKT/p38 signaling pathway. The findings suggest that puerarin regulates CaOx crystal-induced autophagy by activating the SIRT1-mediated signaling pathway, and they suggest a series of potential therapeutic targets and strategies for treating nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Hua Jing
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ya-Dong Liu
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Nan Liu
- Department of Urology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin-Shan Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shi-Liang Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Rui-Hua An
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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22
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Cole E, Shaikh N, Forster CS. The pediatric urobiome in genitourinary conditions: a narrative review. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1443-1452. [PMID: 34654953 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The microbial ecosystem within the bladder that can be measured within the urine, or urobiome, is an emerging field of study with little published data regarding children. However, investigations into urobiome research have the potential to significantly impact the understanding of the pathophysiology of genitourinary conditions, as well as potentially identify novel therapeutics. Therefore, both researchers and clinicians should be aware of pediatric urobiome research. The purpose of this review is to highlight the literature around urobiome research in urinary tract infections, nephrolithiasis, and neurogenic bladder; comment on pediatric-specific considerations when reading and interpreting the urobiome literature; and to identify new potential areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Nader Shaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA
| | - Catherine S Forster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 4401 Penn Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15224, USA.
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Hiremath S, Viswanathan P. Oxalobacter formigenes: A new hope as a live biotherapeutic agent in the management of calcium oxalate renal stones. Anaerobe 2022; 75:102572. [PMID: 35443224 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding the association of gut microbiota with the host have shown evidence of certain bacterial therapeutic potentiality in preventing and treating metabolic diseases. Hyperoxaluria is a severe challenge in nephrology and has led to the novel gut eubiosis as current therapy. The human gut commensal, obligate anaerobic, and intestinal oxalate-degrading strains of Oxalobacter formigenes have drawn a promising significant interest for the next-generation probiotics (NGPs). This nonpathogenic, potential probiotic, and specialist oxalotrophic properties of O. formigenes give a new hope as a live biotherapeutic agent for calcium oxalate renal therapy. Numerous satisfactory outcomes of in vitro and in vivo studies were achieved on evaluating O. formigenes functionality, but the commercial production of this bacterium is yet to be achieved. This bacterium finds diverse application in dietary and endogenous oxalate degradation and the improvement of gut health, on which we concentrated our attention in this review. The relationship between good anaerobic gut bacterial dysbiosis and renal complications is comprehensively discussed to address the need for the development probiotic formulation. However, the commercial production of this bacteria on a broad scale is complex, with numerous obstacles, mainly because they are oxygen-sensitive and difficult to culture. This review will coherently present the current and available methodologies in producing, stabilizing, and delivering these NGPs to treat calcium stones. Moreover, the study presents the extensive work and key milestones achieved in the research on O. formigenes from tale to the truth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shridhar Hiremath
- Renal Research Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Demoulin N, Aydin S, Gillion V, Morelle J, Jadoul M. Pathophysiology and Management of Hyperoxaluria and Oxalate Nephropathy: A Review. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 79:717-727. [PMID: 34508834 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria results from either inherited disorders of glyoxylate metabolism leading to hepatic oxalate overproduction (primary hyperoxaluria), or increased intestinal oxalate absorption (secondary hyperoxaluria). Hyperoxaluria may lead to urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate and crystal formation, causing urolithiasis and deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in the kidney parenchyma, a condition termed oxalate nephropathy. Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms leading to hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy, whose diagnosis is frequently delayed and prognosis too often poor. Fortunately, novel promising targeted therapeutic approaches are on the horizon in patients with primary hyperoxaluria. Patients with secondary hyperoxaluria frequently have long-standing hyperoxaluria-enabling conditions, a fact suggesting the role of triggers of acute kidney injury such as dehydration. Current standard of care in these patients includes management of the underlying cause, high fluid intake, and use of calcium supplements. Overall, prompt recognition of hyperoxaluria and associated oxalate nephropathy is crucial because optimal management may improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Demoulin
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Selda Aydin
- Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valentine Gillion
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Morelle
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Jadoul
- Division of Nephrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Xu X, Chen J, Lv H, Xi Y, Ying A, Hu X. Molecular mechanism of Pyrrosia lingua in the treatment of nephrolithiasis: Network pharmacology analysis and in vivo experimental verification. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 98:153929. [PMID: 35104754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.153929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists reporting that Pyrrosia lingua (PL, Xinhui Pharmaceutical, Polypodiaceae) alleviates nephrolithiasis in rat models. The precipitation of calcium oxalate may result in kidney stones, and the intestinal microbiota is critical for oxalate metabolism. Therefore, we attempt to delineate the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PL on nephrolithiasis and its association with gut microbiota. METHODS Following differential flora analysis in gutMEGA, the network relationship of PL and nephrolithiasis was analyzed based on the TCMSP, DisGeNET and STRING databases. Moreover, the kidney stone model rats were fed with different doses of PL powder and PL extract. In addition, metabolomics technology was employed to identify the active ingredients in PL extract and the microbial metabolites in rat feces. RESULTS The effect of PL on the nephrolithiasis was based on quercetin and kaempferol by mediating the toll-like receptor signaling pathway and regulating the expression levels of interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor, mitogen activated protein kinase 8, and secreted phosphoprotein 1. PL significantly reduced the levels of urine oxalic acid, urine calcium, and osteopontin (OPN) levels in rat models of nephrolithiasis. Notably, PL extract decreased these two indicators to lower levels. Furthermore, contents of Oxalobacter formigenes, Bacteriodetes, Bifidobacterium and Fecalibacterium were obviously reduced after treatment with PL extract. CONCLUSION PL powder and its active extracts reduce the oxalate level in urine by regulating oxalate metabolism, thus ameliorating the damage of kidney tissues and preventing kidney stone formation. This study suggests the use of PL and its extracts as an alternative source of promising agents that might directly or indirectly inhibit the progression of kidney stone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang 321300, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yongkang First People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Yongkang 321300, PR China
| | - Haiou Lv
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Xi
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Aiying Ying
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Urology Surgery, Yongkang First people's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, 599 jinshan West Road, Dongcheng Street, Yongkang, Zhejiang Province 321300, PR China.
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26
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Dietary oxalate to calcium ratio and incident cardiovascular events: a 10-year follow-up among an Asian population. Nutr J 2022; 21:21. [PMID: 35346210 PMCID: PMC8962525 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The potential cardiovascular impact of usual intakes of oxalate (Ox) is uninvestigated. We evaluated the effect of dietary Ox and its interaction with dietary calcium (Ca) on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We included 2966 adult men and women aged 19–84 y without known CVD during baseline enrollment (2006–2008) of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated FFQ, and incident CVD (i.e., coronary heart disease, stroke, and CVD mortality) were documented through March 2018. Results A 7.1% incident of CVD occurred during a median follow-up of 10.6 y. After multivariable adjustment for traditional risk factors and key dietary nutrients, including total fat and fiber, Ox intakes ≥220 mg/d increased incident CVD (HR T3 vs. T1 = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.02–2.12). This association was potentiated (HR T3 vs. T1 = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.19–4.89) in subjects who had a lower intake of Ca (< 981 mg/d); in a low-Ca diet, an even lower amount of dietary Ox (second tertile, 148–220 mg/d) was related to increased CVD events by 92% (HR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.00–3.70). No association was observed between dietary Ox and CVD events in the presence of medium- and high levels of Ca intakes. The critical cut-off point of Ox-to-Ca for predicting CVD events was 0.14, which was related to an increased risk of CVD by 37% (HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.02–1.84). Conclusion Higher dietary Ox intake appeared to be associated with a modestly elevated risk of incident CVD, especially in a diet with a lower amount of Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 24, Shahid-Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Kim HN, Kim JH, Chang Y, Yang D, Joo KJ, Cho YS, Park HJ, Kim HL, Ryu S. Gut microbiota and the prevalence and incidence of renal stones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3732. [PMID: 35260689 PMCID: PMC8904816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07796-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut microbiome in the development of renal stone diseases has not been well characterized. This study focused on the taxonomic and functional profiles of gut microbiomes according to the prevalence and incidence of nephrolithiasis. Stool samples from 915 Korean adults were collected at baseline. Participants were followed for a median of 4.0 years. We evaluated the biodiversity of the gut microbiota and taxonomic profiles associated with nephrolithiasis status, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Nephrolithiasis status was categorized into three groups: control (no-stone at both baseline and follow-up visits), incidental nephrolithiasis, and prevalent nephrolithiasis. Compared to the control and incidental nephrolithiasis, the prevalent nephrolithiasis showed a reduced evenness in alpha diversity. Nephrolithiasis was associated with a reduced abundance of some key taxa involved in short-chain fatty acid production. Moreover, the abundance of Bifidobacterium, which possess oxalate-degrading ability, was higher in the control. Conversely, there was no significant difference in the bacterial composition between the incidental and prevalent nephrolithiasis. In our study with repeated nephrolithiasis measurements, prevalent renal stones were associated with an altered gut microbiota composition compared to the control. Besides the known oxalate degradation pathway, other functional pathways inferred in this study require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heon Kim
- Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250, Taepyung-ro 2ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongmin Yang
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Urology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Soonchunhyang University Medical College, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Joong Joo
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jae Park
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Main Building B2, 250, Taepyung-ro 2ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04514, Republic of Korea
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Verhulst A, Dehmel B, Lindner E, Akerman ME, D'Haese PC. Oxalobacter formigenes treatment confers protective effects in a rat model of primary hyperoxaluria by preventing renal calcium oxalate deposition. Urolithiasis 2022; 50:119-130. [PMID: 35122487 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-022-01310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In primary hyperoxaluria, increased hepatic oxalate production sometimes leads to severe nephrocalcinosis and early end-stage kidney disease. Oral administration of Oxalobacter formigenes (O. formigenes), an oxalate-degrading bacterium, is thought to derive oxalate from systemic sources by inducing net enteric oxalate secretion. Here, the impact of O. formigenes on nephrocalcinosis was investigated in an ethylene glycol rat model mimicking hepatic oxalate overproduction in primary hyperoxaluria. Eighteen rats were administered ethylene glycol (0.75% in drinking water) for 6 weeks, of which 9 were treated by oral gavage with O. formigenes and 9 received vehicle. Five control rats did not receive ethylene glycol or O. formigenes. Plasma and urinary oxalate levels, calcium oxalate crystalluria, urinary volume, fluid intake, and serum creatinine were monitored during the study. On killing, nephrocalcinosis was quantified. Ethylene glycol intake induced pronounced hyperoxalemia, hyperoxaluria, calcium oxalate crystalluria and nephrocalcinosis. Concomitant O. formigenes treatment partially prevented the ethylene glycol-induced increase in plasma oxalate and completely prevented nephrocalcinosis. Urinary oxalate excretion was not reduced by O. formigenes treatment. Nevertheless, absence of crystals in renal tissue of O. formigenes-treated ethylene glycol animals indicates that the propensity for oxalate to crystallize in the kidneys was reduced compared to non-treated animals. This is supported by the lower plasma oxalate concentrations in O. formigenes-treated animals. This study shows a beneficial effect of O. formigenes treatment on ethylene glycol-induced hyperoxalemia and nephrocalcinosis, and thus supports a possible beneficial effect of O. formigenes in primary hyperoxaluria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | - P C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rosenstock JL, Joab TMJ, DeVita MV, Yang Y, Sharma PD, Bijol V. Oxalate nephropathy: a review. Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:194-204. [PMID: 35145635 PMCID: PMC8825217 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes the clinical and pathological features of oxalate nephropathy (ON), defined as a syndrome of decreased renal function associated with deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney tubules. We review the different causes of hyperoxaluria, including primary hyperoxaluria, enteric hyperoxaluria and ingestion-related hyperoxaluria. Recent case series of biopsy-proven ON are reviewed in detail, as well as the implications of these series. The possibility of antibiotic use predisposing to ON is discussed. Therapies for hyperoxaluria and ON are reviewed with an emphasis on newer treatments available and in development. Promising research avenues to explore in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Rosenstock
- Division of Nephrology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana M J Joab
- Division of Nephrology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria V DeVita
- Division of Nephrology, Lenox Hill Hospital, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihe Yang
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hostra/Northwell, New York, USA
| | - Purva D Sharma
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hostra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vanesa Bijol
- Department of Pathology, North Shore University Hospital and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hostra/Northwell, New York, USA
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Estève E, Buob D, Jamme F, Jouanneau C, Kascakova S, Haymann JP, Letavernier E, Galmiche L, Ronco P, Daudon M, Bazin D, Réfrégiers M. Detection and localization of calcium oxalate in kidney using synchrotron deep ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:214-223. [PMID: 34985438 PMCID: PMC8733991 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521011371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Renal oxalosis is a rare cause of renal failure whose diagnosis can be challenging. Synchrotron deep ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence was assayed to improve oxalosis detection on kidney biopsies spatial resolution and sensitivity compared with the Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy gold standard. The fluorescence spectrum of synthetic mono-, di- and tri-hydrated calcium oxalate was investigated using a microspectrometer coupled to the synchrotron UV beamline DISCO, Synchrotron SOLEIL, France. The obtained spectra were used to detect oxalocalcic crystals in a case control study of 42 human kidney biopsies including 19 renal oxalosis due to primary (PHO, n = 11) and secondary hyperoxaluria (SHO, n = 8), seven samples from PHO patients who received combined kidney and liver transplants, and 16 controls. For all oxalocalcic hydrates samples, a fluorescence signal is detected at 420 nm. These spectra were used to identify standard oxalocalcic crystals in patients with PHO or SHO. They also revealed micrometric crystallites as well as non-aggregated oxalate accumulation in tubular cells. A nine-points histological score was established for the diagnosis of renal oxalosis with 100% specificity (76-100) and a 73% sensitivity (43-90). Oxalate tubular accumulation and higher histological score were correlated to lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher urinary oxalate over creatinine ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Estève
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Chantal Jouanneau
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Slavka Kascakova
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jean Philippe Haymann
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Letavernier
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Public Assistance-Hospitals of Paris, Université Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ronco
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Michel Daudon
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche S 1155, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS UMR8502, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids Reduced Renal Calcium Oxalate Stones by Regulating the Expression of Intestinal Oxalate Transporter SLC26A6. mSystems 2021; 6:e0104521. [PMID: 34783577 PMCID: PMC8594443 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01045-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone is a common urologic disease with a high prevalence and recurrence rate. However, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are less often reported in the prevention of urolithiasis. This study aimed to explore the effect of SCFAs on the renal CaOx stone formation and the underlying mechanisms. Ethylene glycol was used to induce renal CaOx crystals in rats. SCFAs (acetate, propionate, or butyrate) were added as supplements to the drinking water with or without antibiotics. Because intestinal oxalate transporters SLC26A6 and SLC26A3 regulate the excretion and absorption of oxalate in the intestine, we injected adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-SLC26A6-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) and AAV9-SLC26A3 into the tail vein of rats to suppress SLC26A6 and overexpress SLC26A3 expression in the intestine, respectively, to explore the role of SLC26A3 and SLC26A6 (SLC26A3/6) in the reduction of renal CaOx crystals induced by SCFAs. Results showed that SCFAs reduced renal CaOx crystals and urinary oxalate levels but, however, increased the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and cecum SCFA levels. SCFA supplements still reduced renal crystals and urinary oxalate after gut microbiota depletion. Propionate and butyrate downregulated intestinal oxalate transporter SLC26A3 expression, while acetate and propionate upregulated SLC26A6 expression, both in vivo and in vitro. AAV9-SLC26A3 exerted a protective effect against renal crystals, while AAV9-SLC26A6-shRNA contributed to the renal crystal formation even though the SCFAs were supplemented. In conclusion, SCFAs could reduce urinary oxalate and renal CaOx stones through the oxalate transporter SLC26A6 in the intestine. SCFAs may be new supplements for preventing the formation of renal CaOx stones. IMPORTANCE Some studies found that the relative abundances of short-chain-fatty-acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria were lower in the gut microbiota of renal stone patients than healthy controls. Our previous study demonstrated that SCFAs could reduce the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones, but the mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we found that SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) reduced the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals and the level of urinary oxalate. Depleting gut microbiota increased the amount of renal crystals in model rats, and SCFA supplements reduced renal crystals and urinary oxalate after gut microbiota depletion. Intestinal oxalate transporter SLC26A6 was a direct target of SCFAs. Our findings suggested that SCFAs could reduce urinary oxalate and renal CaOx stones through the oxalate transporter SLC26A6 in the intestine. SCFAs may be new supplements for preventing the formation of renal CaOx stones.
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Jia Z, Li W, Bian P, Yang L, Liu H, Pan D, Dou Z. Ursolic acid treats renal tubular epithelial cell damage induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:5450-5461. [PMID: 34506233 PMCID: PMC8806476 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) has been proved to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it is not clear whether it has a protective impact on kidney damage induced by crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). This work aimed to make clear the potential mechanism of UA protecting COM-induced kidney damage. The results manifested that high- and low-dose UA reduced COM crystals in COM rats' kidney, down-regulated urea, creatinine, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels in rat plasma, declined kidney tissue and HK-2 cell apoptosis, inhibited Bax expression but elevated Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, UA alleviated renal fibrosis in COM rats, repressed α-SMA and collagen I protein expressions in the kidney and COM rats' HK-2 cells, depressed COM-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro via up-regulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, up-regulated SOD levels and reduced MDA levels, down-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in vivo and in vitro via suppressing activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In summary, the results of this study suggest that COM-induced renal injury can be effectively improved via UA, providing powerful data support for the development of effective clinical drugs for renal injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Jia
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Pan Bian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuyang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Dong Pan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhongling Dou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China
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Xu X, Yan J. β-Caryophyllene may attenuate hyperoxaluria-induced kidney dysfunction in rats by regulating stress marker KIM-1/MCP-1 and NF-κB signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22891. [PMID: 34468068 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-Caryophyllene (BCP), a bicyclic sesquiterpene, has proved to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The present study is carried out to investigate BCP impact on hyperoxaluria-induced kidney dysfunction in male Wistar rats. The animals were categorized into four groups, namely, Group I, control rats; Group II, ethylene glycol (inducer); Group III, inducer + BCP (100 µM/kg bw); Group IV, BCP alone. After the treatment period, the rate of creatinine clearance and the concentration of urea in urine and serum were assessed. Histopathology reports were conducted to study renal and liver tissues, while the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction studies were carried out for messenger RNA expression of inflammatory (nuclear factor kappa B) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (kidney dysfunction molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, glucose binding protein 78, CHOP, activating factor 4, and X-box binding protein-1) markers as well as antioxidant activity for the hyperoxaluric rats. Western blot was performed to investigate the level of protein expression by the treatment group on apoptotic (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9) proteins. The results show BCP to possess a renoprotective effect under hyperoxaluric conditions by decreasing the level of the inflammatory and ER stress markers and restoring the enzymes' antioxidant activities. The histology reports depicted the satisfactory morphology of glomerulus in diseased rats. Furthermore, the results of Western blot suggested that BCP may possess inhibitory action on apoptosis by affecting the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway. Therefore, BCP can be considered as a potential candidate for the therapy of hyperoxaluric-induced kidney complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, China
| | - Jiamiao Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Ankang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, China
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34
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Agudelo J, Miller AW. A Perspective on the Metabolic Potential for Microbial Contributions to Urolithiasis. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:1170-1173. [PMID: 35368346 PMCID: PMC8786102 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000492021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Agudelo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Aaron W. Miller
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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35
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Pozdzik A, David C, Vekeman J, Tielens F, Daudon M. Lanthanum carbonate to control plasma and urinary oxalate level in type 1 primary hyperoxaluria? IJU Case Rep 2021; 4:235-238. [PMID: 34258537 PMCID: PMC8255283 DOI: 10.1002/iju5.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The therapy to reduce urinary oxalate excretion in primary hyperoxaluria type 1 is still required. CASE PRESENTATION A 37-year-old hemodialyzed man suffered from systemic oxalosis secondary to primary hyperoxaluria type 1 exhibited a drastic plasma oxalate decrease from 110 to 22 µmol/L two months after adjunction of lanthanum carbonate to classical treatment (intensive hemodialysis with pyridoxine). A 34-year-old woman with normal kidney function presented 10 years of bilateral kidney stones due to primary hyperoxaluria type 1 [hyperoxaluria (109.2 mg/24 h), plasma oxalate (56.0 µmol/L)]. The oxalate level remained uncontrolled despite of low oxalate-normal calcium diet, pyridoxine and increased water intake though the lanthanum carbonate adjunction resulted in significant decrease in plasma oxalate and oxaluria. CONCLUSION We report the lanthanum efficacy in reducing circulating and urinary oxalate levels in type 1 primary hyperoxaluria. Possible mechanism of observed falls in oxalate concentration would be a decrease in the intestinal absorption of oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pozdzik
- Department of Nephrology and DialysisKidney Stone ClinicCentre Hospitalier UniversitaireBrugmann HospitalBrusselsBelgium
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Cristina David
- Department of Nephrology and DialysisKidney Stone ClinicCentre Hospitalier UniversitaireBrugmann HospitalBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jelle Vekeman
- General Chemistry (ALGC)Materials Modelling GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
| | - Frederik Tielens
- General Chemistry (ALGC)Materials Modelling GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
| | - Michel Daudon
- Service des explorations fonctionnelles multidisciplinairesTenon HospitalAP_HPParisFrance
- INSERM UMRS 1155Université Pierre et Marie Curie‐Paris VI‐Sorbonne UniversitésParisFrance
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Stepanova N. Role of Impaired Oxalate Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease: An Opinion Article. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692429. [PMID: 34122117 PMCID: PMC8193726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Stepanova
- State Institution “Institute of Nephrology National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine
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37
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Sharma M, Naura AS, Singla SK. A deleterious interplay between endoplasmic reticulum stress and its functional linkage to mitochondria in nephrolithiasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:70-80. [PMID: 33798617 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hyperoxaluria is one of the leading causes of calcium oxalate stone formation in the kidney. Since hyperoxaluria produces Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in the kidney, it is thus likely that the adaptive unfolded protein response might affect the mitochondrial population as ER and mitochondria share close physical and functional interactions mandatory for several biological processes. Thus this work was designed to study the putative effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the renal mitochondria during hyperoxaluria-induced nephrolithiasis. The results showed that hyperoxaluria induced an ER stress led to the unfolded protein response in the renal tissue of experimental rats. Hampered mitochondrion functioning was detected with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and upsurged mitochondria calcium. These changes in the mitochondria function and ER stress are preceded by apoptosis. The expression of Sigma-1 receptor protein found in the Mitochondria associated ER membranes, the connecting link between ER and mitochondria was found to decrease in the hyperoxaluric rats. Inhibition of ER stress by 4-Phenylbutyric acid prevented the decrease in mitochondria membrane potential and increase in mitochondria calcium observed in hyperoxaluric rats. Also, it restored the protein expression of the sigma-1 receptor protein. On the other hand, N-acetyl cysteine had a nominal impact on the reduction of the ER stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, our data showed that hyperoxaluria induces renal ER stress which triggers mitochondria dysfunction, might be via alteration in the sigma-1 receptor protein in the mitochondria-associated ER membranes, which leads to apoptosis, renal injury, and calcium oxalate crystal deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - S K Singla
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Stephens CE, Whittamore JM, Hatch M. The role of NHE3 (Slc9a3) in oxalate and sodium transport by mouse intestine and regulation by cAMP. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14828. [PMID: 33904662 PMCID: PMC8077127 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal oxalate transport involves Cl−/HCO3− exchangers but how this transport is regulated is not currently known. NHE3 (Slc9a3), an apical Na+/H+ exchanger, is an established target for regulation of electroneutral NaCl absorption working in concert with Cl−/HCO3− exchangers. To test whether NHE3 could be involved in regulation of intestinal oxalate transport and renal oxalate handling we compared urinary oxalate excretion rates and intestinal transepithelial fluxes of 14C‐oxalate and 22Na+ between NHE3 KO and wild‐type (WT) mice. NHE3 KO kidneys had lower creatinine clearance suggesting reduced GFR, but urinary oxalate excretion rates (µmol/24 h) were similar compared to the WT but doubled when expressed as a ratio of creatinine. Intestinal transepithelial fluxes of 14C‐oxalate and 22Na+ were measured in the distal ileum, cecum, and distal colon. The absence of NHE3 did not affect basal net transport rates of oxalate or sodium across any intestinal section examined. Stimulation of intracellular cAMP with forskolin (FSK) and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX) led to an increase in net oxalate secretion in the WT distal ileum and cecum and inhibition of sodium absorption in the cecum and distal colon. In NHE3 KO cecum, cAMP stimulation of oxalate secretion was impaired suggesting the possibility of a role for NHE3 in this process. Although, there is little evidence for a role of NHE3 in basal intestinal oxalate fluxes, NHE3 may be important for cAMP stimulation of oxalate in the cecum and for renal handling of oxalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Stephens
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marguerite Hatch
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Du Y, Roger VB, Mena J, Kang M, Stoller ML, Ho SP. Structural and chemical heterogeneities of primary hyperoxaluria kidney stones from pediatric patients. J Pediatr Urol 2021; 17:214.e1-214.e11. [PMID: 33495102 PMCID: PMC8709938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Calcium oxalate stones are the most common type among stone-forming patients and in some cases result from predisposed genetic conditions. In this work, we examined the differences in structure and chemical composition between oxalate stones from patients from three groups: 1) pediatric patients that were genetically predisposed (primary hyperoxaluria) to form stones (PPH); 2) control pediatric patients that did not have such genetic predisposition (PN-PH); 3) adult patients that formed oxalate stones without the genetic predisposition (A-CaOx). A variety of instrumental analyses were conducted to identify physicochemical properties of stones characteristic of predisposed pediatric (PPH), pediatric hyperoxaluria (PN-PH), and adult (A-CaOx) patient populations. METHODS Genetic variants of 16 stone-forming patients were determined using whole-exome gene sequencing. Components of stones from PPH (n = 6), PN-PH (n = 5), and A-CaOx (n = 5) groups were identified using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Stone morphology and density were evaluated using high resolution X-ray computed tomography (micro-XCT). Stone microstructure and elemental composition were mapped with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS Calcium oxalate bipyramidal crystals were found on stones from all groups. Stones from PPH patients with PH types I and II were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) with relatively uniform mineral density (1224 ± 277 mg/cc) and distinct smooth surfaces. By contrast, micro-spherical calcium phosphate particles were found only on PN-PH stones, which also showed a broader range of mineral densities (1266 ± 342 mg/cc). Stones from the PN-PH group also contained phosphorus (P), which was absent in NP-PH stones. A-CaOx stones were of significantly lower mineral density (645 ± 237 mg/cc) than pediatric stones and were more heterogeneous in their elemental composition. CONCLUSION Unique structural and compositional characteristics were identified in stones from pediatric patients with primary hyperoxaluria. These include the absence of phosphorus, a narrower mineral density distribution, and a uniform elemental composition compared to stones from pediatric patients without the genetic predisposition. Thus, characterization of stones at the macro- and micro-scales in combination with genetic testing of patients can provide insights and accurate diagnosis to develop a treatment plan for effective patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Du
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Vincent Blay Roger
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Jorge Mena
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Misun Kang
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Marshall L Stoller
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Sunita P Ho
- Division of Preclinical Education, Biomaterials & Engineering, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Background Oxalate nephropathy is a rare disorder that can result in acute kidney injury (AKI) and progresses to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The causes can be either primary or secondary. Primary hyperoxaluria includes a group of hereditary disorders with enzymatic defects in the glyoxylate pathway, resulting in decreased oxalate metabolism. Secondary hyperoxaluria, often overlooked can result from increased intestinal absorption, nutritional deficiencies, decreased fluid intake, impaired excretion, and increased dietary consumption of oxalate. Case presentation We present a Caucasian case of acute oxalate induced nephropathy associated with consumption of large quantities of green vegetables in a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Imaging study showed no evidence of kidney stone, but a kidney biopsy revealed acute tubular injury, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and dense tubular deposition of calcium oxalate crystals. Upon further questioning the patient, we learned that in the months prior to presentation, he had very significantly increased his consumption of green vegetables. Because of no clinical improvement, the patient was initiated and maintained on hemodialysis. Conclusion This report illustrates a case of acute oxalate nephropathy in the setting of very high dietary consumption of oxalate-rich foods in a patient with advanced CKD. Special attention should be given to the secondary causes of hyperoxaluria in patients with predisposing conditions such as CKD.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gut-kidney axis plays a critical role in oxalate homeostasis, and better understanding of oxalate transport regulatory mechanisms is essential for developing novel therapies. RECENT FINDINGS Oxalate potentially contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, CKD - and end stage renal disease (ESRD)-associated cardiovascular diseases, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression, and/or poor renal allograft survival, emphasizing the need for plasma and urinary oxalate lowering therapies. One promising strategy would be to enhance the bowel's ability to secrete oxalate, which might be facilitated by the following findings. Oxalobacter formigenes (O. formigenes)-derived factors recapitulate O. formigenes colonization effects by reducing urinary oxalate excretion in hyperoxaluric mice by inducing colonic oxalate secretion. Protein kinase A activation stimulates intestinal oxalate transport by enhancing the surface expression of the oxalate transporter SLC26A6 (A6). Glycosylation also stimulates A6-mediated oxalate transport. The colon adapts to chronic acidosis in rats through increased colonic oxalate secretion as previously reported in CKD rats, and A6-mediated enteric oxalate secretion is critical in reducing the body oxalate burden in CKD mice. Intestinal oxalate transport is negatively regulated by proinflammatory cytokines and cholinergic, purinergic, and adenosinergic signaling. SUMMARY These findings could facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for hyperoxalemia, hyperoxaluria, and related disorders if similar regulatory mechanisms are confirmed in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altayeb E Alshaikh
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hatim A Hassan
- University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nieto-Vega FA, Martín-Masot R, Rodríguez-Azor B, Martínez-Rivera V, Herrador-López M, Navas-López VM. A rare cause of nephrocalcinosis in an infant: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:79-81. [PMID: 32500248 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Antonio Nieto-Vega
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Arroyo de los Ángeles, S/N, 29011, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Rafael Martín-Masot
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Begoña Rodríguez-Azor
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Arroyo de los Ángeles, S/N, 29011, Málaga, Spain
| | - Verónica Martínez-Rivera
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Materno-Infantil de Málaga, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Avenida Arroyo de los Ángeles, S/N, 29011, Málaga, Spain
| | - Marta Herrador-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Manuel Navas-López
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Unit, Division of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Crivelli JJ, Mitchell T, Knight J, Wood KD, Assimos DG, Holmes RP, Fargue S. Contribution of Dietary Oxalate and Oxalate Precursors to Urinary Oxalate Excretion. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010062. [PMID: 33379176 PMCID: PMC7823532 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stone disease is increasing in prevalence, and the most common stone composition is calcium oxalate. Dietary oxalate intake and endogenous production of oxalate are important in the pathophysiology of calcium oxalate stone disease. The impact of dietary oxalate intake on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone disease risk has been assessed through large cohort studies as well as smaller studies with dietary control. Net gastrointestinal oxalate absorption influences urinary oxalate excretion. Oxalate-degrading bacteria in the gut microbiome, especially Oxalobacter formigenes, may mitigate stone risk through reducing net oxalate absorption. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is the main dietary precursor for endogenous production of oxalate with several other compounds playing a lesser role. Renal handling of oxalate and, potentially, renal synthesis of oxalate may contribute to stone formation. In this review, we discuss dietary oxalate and precursors of oxalate, their pertinent physiology in humans, and what is known about their role in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ross P. Holmes
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-996-8765; Fax: +1-(205)-934-4933
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The anion exchanger PAT-1 (Slc26a6) does not participate in oxalate or chloride transport by mouse large intestine. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:95-106. [PMID: 33205229 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The membrane-bound transport proteins responsible for oxalate secretion across the large intestine remain unidentified. The apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchanger encoded by Slc26a6, known as PAT-1 (putative anion transporter 1), is a potential candidate. In the small intestine, PAT-1 makes a major contribution to oxalate secretion but whether this role extends into the large intestine has not been directly tested. Using the PAT-1 knockout (KO) mouse, we compared the unidirectional absorptive ([Formula: see text]) and secretory ([Formula: see text]) flux of oxalate and Cl- across cecum, proximal colon, and distal colon from wild-type (WT) and KO mice in vitro. We also utilized the non-specific inhibitor DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid) to confirm a role for PAT-1 in WT large intestine and (in KO tissues) highlight any other apical anion exchangers involved. Under symmetrical, short-circuit conditions the cecum and proximal colon did not transport oxalate on a net basis, whereas the distal colon supported net secretion. We found no evidence for the participation of PAT-1, or indeed any other DIDS-sensitive transport mechanism, in oxalate or Cl- by the large intestine. Most unexpectedly, mucosal DIDS concurrently stimulated [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by 25-68% across each segment without impacting net transport. For the colon, these changes were directly proportional to increased transepithelial conductance suggesting this response was the result of bidirectional paracellular flux. In conclusion, PAT-1 does not contribute to oxalate or Cl- transport by the large intestine, and we urge caution when using DIDS with mouse colonic epithelium.
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Mahling M, Köppen M, Mühlbacher T, Amann K, Königsrainer A, Heyne N, Häberle H, Nadalin S, Guthoff M. Acute Kidney Allograft Injury Following Vitamin C Administration for Septic Shock. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2114-2118. [PMID: 33163733 PMCID: PMC7609949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mahling
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Köppen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Mühlbacher
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils Heyne
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helene Häberle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvio Nadalin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Guthoff
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence: Martina Guthoff, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Section of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Liu J, Yang K, Jin Y, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Yu S, Song E, Chen S, Zhang J, Jing G, An R. H3 relaxin protects against calcium oxalate crystal-induced renal inflammatory pyroptosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12902. [PMID: 32945585 PMCID: PMC7574868 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals can activate inflammatory cytokines by triggering inflammasomes, which cause damage to the adhered epithelium, a dysfunctional microenvironment and even renal failure. However, a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of these crystals on damage and cytokine function in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) remains limited and to be explored. MATERIALS AND METHODS We detected the pyroptosis of TECs induced after exposure to CaOx crystals and demonstrated the significance of cytokine activation in the subsequent inflammatory processes through a proteomic study. We then conducted animal and cell experiments to verify relevant mechanisms through morphological, protein, histological and biochemical approaches. Human serum samples were further tested to help explain the pathophysiological mechanism of H3 relaxin. RESULTS We verified that crystal-induced extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) upregulation via the membrane purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7 R) promotes ROS generation and thereby activates NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated interleukin-1β/18 maturation and gasdermin D cleavage. Human recombinant relaxin-3 (H3 relaxin) can act on the transmembrane receptor RXFP1 to produce cAMP and subsequently improves crystal-derived damage via ATP consumption. Additionally, endogenous relaxin-3 was found to be elevated in patients with renal calculus and can thus serve as a biomarker. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide previously unidentified mechanistic insights into CaOx crystal-induced inflammatory pyroptotic damage and H3 relaxin-mediated anti-inflammatory protection and thus suggest a series of potential therapeutic targets and methods for but not limited to nephrocalcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Liu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Kelaier Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yinshan Jin
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yadong Liu
- Department of UrologyNingbo First HospitalZhejiangChina
| | - Yaodong Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic ImagingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxiChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Shiliang Yu
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Erlin Song
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Song Chen
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guanhua Jing
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
| | - Ruihua An
- Department of UrologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHeilongjiangChina
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de Araújo L, Costa-Pessoa JM, de Ponte MC, Oliveira-Souza M. Sodium Oxalate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Glomerular and Tubulointerstitial Damage in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1076. [PMID: 32982795 PMCID: PMC7479828 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute crystalline nephropathy is closely related to tubulointerstitial injury, but few studies have investigated glomerular changes in this condition. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the factors involved in glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury in an experimental model of crystalline-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). We treated male Wistar rats with a single injection of sodium oxalate (NaOx, 7 mg⋅100 g-1⋅day-1, resuspended in 0.9% NaCl solution, i.p.) or vehicle (control). After 24 h of treatment, food and water intake, urine output, body weight gain, and renal function were evaluated. Renal tissue was used for the morphological studies, quantitative PCR and protein expression studies. Our results revealed that NaOx treatment did not change metabolic or electrolyte and water intake parameters or urine output. However, the treated group exhibited tubular calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals excretion, followed by a decline in kidney function demonstrated along with glomerular injury, which was confirmed by increased plasma creatinine and urea concentrations, increased glomerular desmin immunostaining, nephrin mRNA expression and decreased WT1 immunofluorescence. Furthermore, NaOx treatment resulted in tubulointerstitial injury, which was confirmed by tubular dilation, albuminuria, increased Kim-1 and Ki67 mRNA expression, decreased megalin and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) expression. Finally, the treatment induced increases in CD68 protein staining, MCP-1, IL-1β, NFkappaB, and α-SMA mRNA expression, which are consistent with proinflammatory and profibrotic signaling, respectively. In conclusion, our findings provide relevant information regarding crystalline-induced AKI, showing strong tubulointerstitial and glomerular injury with a possible loss of podocyte viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa de Araújo
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Costa-Pessoa
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Charleaux de Ponte
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Oliveira-Souza
- Laboratory of Renal Physiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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48
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Dietary Oxalate Intake and Kidney Outcomes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092673. [PMID: 32887293 PMCID: PMC7551439 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalate is both a plant-derived molecule and a terminal toxic metabolite with no known physiological function in humans. It is predominantly eliminated by the kidneys through glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Regardless of the cause, the increased load of dietary oxalate presented to the kidneys has been linked to different kidney-related conditions and injuries, including calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis, acute and chronic kidney disease. In this paper, we review the current literature on the association between dietary oxalate intake and kidney outcomes.
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49
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Jiang T, Chen W, Cao L, He Y, Zhou H, Mao H. Abundance, Functional, and Evolutionary Analysis of Oxalyl-Coenzyme A Decarboxylase in Human Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:672. [PMID: 32390974 PMCID: PMC7190790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalic acid and its oxalate salts have been linked to kidney stones and other health problems and about 80% kidney stones are made up of calcium oxalate. Oxalyl coenzyme A decarboxylase (OXC) is a key enzyme in the catabolism of oxalate. In this study, we performed bioinformatic and biochemical analysis of OXC. First, we mined the OXC sequences from a public protein database and collected 1396 putative OXC sequences. These sequences were widely spread and mainly distributed in Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Betaproteobacteria and classified into seven clusters. The phylogenetic relationship and evolutionary rate of the 7 clusters showed that OXC are highly conserved. Second, the abundance of the different clusters of OXC was explored in 380 human microbiome datasets, which showed that OXCs in Cluster 1 were relatively high in the gut while OXCs in Clusters 2-4 were relatively enriched in the vagina. Third, we measured the activity of one OXC from Mycobacterium mageritense (OXCmm) in Cluster 3, in which there was no experimentally characterized enzymes. Mutation analysis showed that OXCmm shared the same active sites with the OXC from Oxalobacter formigenes. Taken together, this analysis provides a better insight into the distribution and catalysis of OXC and further potential alternative application of OXC active bacteria as probiotics in the management of kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linsheng Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiliang Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Houping Mao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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50
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Denburg MR, Koepsell K, Lee JJ, Gerber J, Bittinger K, Tasian GE. Perturbations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Children with Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stone Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1358-1369. [PMID: 32381601 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between the composition and function of gut microbial communities and early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease is unknown. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of 88 individuals aged 4-18 years, which included 44 individuals with kidney stones containing ≥50% calcium oxalate and 44 controls matched for age, sex, and race. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on stool samples. RESULTS Participants who were kidney stone formers had a significantly less diverse gut microbiome compared with controls. Among bacterial taxa with a prevalence >0.1%, 31 taxa were less abundant among individuals with nephrolithiasis. These included seven taxa that produce butyrate and three taxa that degrade oxalate. The lower abundance of these bacteria was reflected in decreased abundance of the gene encoding butyryl-coA dehydrogenase (P=0.02). The relative abundance of these bacteria was correlated with the levels of 18 fecal metabolites, and levels of these metabolites differed in individuals with kidney stones compared with controls. The oxalate-degrading bacterial taxa identified as decreased in those who were kidney stone formers were components of a larger abundance correlation network that included Eggerthella lenta and several Lactobacillus species. The microbial (α) diversity was associated with age of stone onset, first decreasing and then increasing with age. For the individuals who were stone formers, we found the lowest α diversity among individuals who first formed stones at age 9-14 years, whereas controls displayed no age-related differences in diversity. CONCLUSIONS Loss of gut bacteria, particularly loss of those that produce butyrate and degrade oxalate, associates with perturbations of the metabolome that may be upstream determinants of early-onset calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Denburg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Koepsell
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey Gerber
- Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory E Tasian
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania .,Center for Pediatric Clinical Effectiveness, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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