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Su H, Zou R, Su J, Chen X, Yang H, An N, Yang C, Tang J, Liu H, Yao C. Sterile inflammation of peritoneal membrane caused by peritoneal dialysis: focus on the communication between immune cells and peritoneal stroma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387292. [PMID: 38779674 PMCID: PMC11109381 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is a widely used method for treating kidney failure. However, over time, the peritoneal structure and function can deteriorate, leading to the failure of this therapy. This deterioration is primarily caused by infectious and sterile inflammation. Sterile inflammation, which is inflammation without infection, is particularly concerning as it can be subtle and often goes unnoticed. The onset of sterile inflammation involves various pathological processes. Peritoneal cells detect signals that promote inflammation and release substances that attract immune cells from the bloodstream. These immune cells contribute to the initiation and escalation of the inflammatory response. The existing literature extensively covers the involvement of different cell types in the sterile inflammation, including mesothelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, as well as immune cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells. These cells work together to promote the occurrence and progression of sterile inflammation, although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the signals from both stromal cells and components of immune system, as well as the reciprocal interactions between cellular components, during the initiation of sterile inflammation. By understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation, we may potentially develop therapeutic interventions to counteract peritoneal membrane damage and restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huafeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiwei Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Zhang L, Wang Z, Tang F, Wu M, Pan Y, Bai S, Lu B, Zhong S, Xie Y. Identification of Senescence-Associated Biomarkers in Diabetic Glomerulopathy Using Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5560922. [PMID: 38292407 PMCID: PMC10827377 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5560922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is thought to play a significant role in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. The goal of this study was to explore potential biomarkers associated with diabetic glomerulopathy from the perspective of senescence. Methods Datasets about human glomerular biopsy samples related to diabetic nephropathy were systematically obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Hub senescence-associated genes were investigated by differential gene analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator analysis. Cluster analysis was employed to identify senescence molecular subtypes. A single-cell dataset was used to validate the above findings and further evaluate the senescence environment. The relationship between these genes and the glomerular filtration rate was explored based on the Nephroseq database. These gene expressions have also been explored in various kidney diseases. Results Twelve representative senescence-associated genes (VEGFA, IQGAP2, JUN, PLAT, ETS2, ANG, MMP14, VEGFC, SERPINE2, CXCR2, PTGES, and EGF) were finally identified. Biological changes in immune inflammatory response, cell cycle regulation, metabolic regulation, and immune microenvironment have been observed across different molecular subtypes. The above results were also validated based on single-cell analysis. Additionally, we also identified several significantly altered cell communication pathways, including COLLAGEN, PTN, LAMININ, SPP1, and VEGF. Finally, almost all these genes could well predict the occurrence of diabetic glomerulopathy based on receiver operating characteristic analysis and are associated with the glomerular filtration rate. These genes are differently expressed in various kidney diseases. Conclusion The present study identified potential senescence-associated biomarkers and further explored the heterogeneity of diabetic glomerulopathy that might provide new insights into the diagnosis, assessment, management, and personalized treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengyan Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xuyi People's Hospital, Xuyi 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Xuyi People's Hospital, Xuyi 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, China
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Yang L, Chen Y, Huang W. What Links Chronic Kidney Disease and Ischemic Cardiomyopathy? A Comprehensive Bioinformatic Analysis Utilizing Bulk and Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data with Machine Learning. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2215. [PMID: 38004354 PMCID: PMC10672726 DOI: 10.3390/life13112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerges as a substantial contributor to various cardiovascular disorders, including ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking CKD and ICM remain elusive. Our study aims to unravel these connections by integrating publicly available bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Expression profiles from two ICM datasets obtained from heart tissue and one CKD with Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (CKD-PBMC) dataset were collected. We initiated by identifying shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ICM and CKD. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis shed light on the mechanisms connecting CKD to ICM. Machine learning algorithms enabled the identification of 13 candidate genes, including AGRN, COL16A1, COL1A2, FAP, FRZB, GPX3, ITIH5, NFASC, PTN, SLC38A1, STARD7, THBS2, and VPS35. Their expression patterns in ICM were investigated via scRNA-seq data analysis. Notably, most of them were enriched in fibroblasts. COL16A1, COL1A2, PTN, and FAP were enriched in scar-formation fibroblasts, while GPX3 and THBS2 showed enrichment in angiogenesis fibroblasts. A Gaussian naïve Bayes model was developed for diagnosing CKD-related ICM, bolstered by SHapley Additive exPlanations interpretability and validated internally and externally. In conclusion, our investigation unveils the extracellular matrix's role in CKD and ICM interplay, identifies 13 candidate genes, and showcases their expression patterns in ICM. We also constructed a diagnostic model using 13 gene features and presented an innovative approach for managing CKD-related ICM through serum-based diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Yunwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China;
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
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Zhang J, Jiang X, Li X, Sun H, Wang M, Zhang W, Li H, Wang H, Zhuang M, Zhang L, Lu L, Tang J. Pulmonary Toxicity Assessment after a Single Intratracheal Inhalation of Chlorhexidine Aerosol in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:910. [PMID: 37999562 PMCID: PMC10675078 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Guanidine disinfectants are important chemical agents with a broad spectrum of activity that are effective against most microorganisms. Chlorhexidine, one of the most used guanidine disinfectants, is added to shampoo and mouthwash and applied in medical device sterilization. During the use of chlorhexidine, aerosols with micron particle size may be formed, which may cause inhalation toxicity. To assess the toxicity of inhaled chlorhexidine aerosol, mice underwent the intratracheal instillation of different concentrations of chlorhexidine (0, 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) using a MicroSprayer Aerosolizer. The mice were exposed for eight weeks and then sacrificed to obtain lung tissue for subsequent experiments. Histopathology staining revealed damaged lung tissues and increased collagen exudation. At the same time, pulmonary function tests showed that chlorhexidine exposure could cause restrictive ventilatory dysfunction, consistent with pulmonary fibrosis. The results of transcriptome analyses suggest that chlorhexidine may trigger an inflammatory response and promote the activation of pathways related to extracellular matrix deposition. Further, we identified that chlorhexidine exposure might enhance mucus secretion by up-regulating Muc5b and Muc5ac genes, thereby inducing fibrosis-like injury. These findings underscore the need for standardized use of disinfectants and the assessment of their inhalation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; (J.Z.); (X.J.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xinmin Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; (J.Z.); (X.J.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - He Sun
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Haonan Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (H.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhuang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China; (H.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; (J.Z.); (X.J.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Lin Lu
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; (J.Z.); (X.J.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250001, China; (J.Z.); (X.J.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; (X.L.); (H.S.); (M.W.); (W.Z.); (H.L.)
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Ishimura T, Ishii A, Yamada H, Osaki K, Toda N, Mori KP, Ohno S, Kato Y, Handa T, Sugioka S, Ikushima A, Nishio H, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Matrix metalloproteinase-10 deficiency has protective effects against peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis via transcription factor NFκΒ pathway inhibition. Kidney Int 2023; 104:929-942. [PMID: 37652204 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most common causes of discontinued peritoneal dialysis is impaired peritoneal function. However, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Previously, by microarray analysis of mouse peritoneum, we showed that MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-10 expression is significantly increased in mice with peritoneal fibrosis, but its function remains unknown. Chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) was intraperitoneally injected to wild-type and MMP-10 knockout mice to induce fibrosis to elucidate the role of MMP-10 on peritoneal injury. We also examined function of peritoneal macrophages and mesothelial cells obtained from wild-type and MMP-10 knockout mice, MMP-10-overexpressing macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells and MeT-5A mesothelial cells, investigated MMP-10 expression on peritoneal biopsy specimens, and the association between serum proMMP-10 and peritoneal solute transfer rates determined by peritoneal equilibration test on patients. MMP-10 was expressed in cells positive for WT1, a mesothelial marker, and for MAC-2, a macrophage marker, in the thickened peritoneum of both mice and patients. Serum proMMP-10 levels were well correlated with peritoneal solute transfer rates. Peritoneal fibrosis, inflammation, and high peritoneal solute transfer rates induced by CG were all ameliorated by MMP-10 deletion, with reduction of CD31-positive vessels and VEGF-A-positive cells. Expression of inflammatory mediators and phosphorylation of NFκΒ subunit p65 at S536 were suppressed in both MMP-10 knockout macrophages and mesothelial cells in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Overexpression of MMP-10 in RAW 264.7 and MeT-5A cells upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines with phosphorylation of NFκΒ subunit p65. Thus, our results suggest that inflammatory responses induced by MMP-10 are mediated through the NFκΒ pathway, and that systemic deletion of MMP-10 ameliorates peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis caused by NFκΒ activation of peritoneal macrophages and mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ishimura
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamada
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, Kansai Electric Power Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohno
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kato
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Handa
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, PIIF Tazuke-Kofukai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugioka
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akie Ikushima
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruomi Nishio
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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6
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Mo M, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, Li S, He X, Chen X, Luo Q, Liu M, Luo C, Dou X, Peng F, Long H. N-methylpiperazine-diepoxyovatodiolide ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β/Smad and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110589. [PMID: 37268199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is the main cause of peritoneal ultrafiltration failure in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the key pathogenesis of PF. However, currently, no specific treatments are available to suppress PF. N-methylpiperazine-diepoxyovatodiolide (NMPDOva) is a newly synthesized compound that involves a chemical modification of ovatodiolide. In this study, we aimed to explore the antifibrotic effects of NMPDOva in PD-related PF and underlying mechanisms. A mouse model of PD-related PF was established via daily intraperitoneal injection of 4.25% glucose PD fluid. In vitro studies were performed using the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated HMrSV5 cell line. Pathological changes were observed, and fibrotic markers were significantly elevated in the peritoneal membrane in mice model of PD-related PF. However, NMPDOva treatment significantly alleviated PD-related PF by decreasing the extracellular matrix accumulation. NMPDOva treatment decreased the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅰ, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in mice with PD-related PF. Moreover, NMPDOva could alleviate TGF-β1-induced EMT in HMrSV5 cells, inhibited phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, and increased the expression of Smad7. Meanwhile, NMPDOva inhibited phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Collectively, these results indicated that NMPDOva prevents PD-related PF by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad and JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Therefore, because of these antifibrotic effects, NMPDOva may be a promising therapeutic agent for PD-related PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yiqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Shuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Mi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xianrui Dou
- Department of Nephrology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, 528308, China.
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Ballesteros-Pla C, Sánchez-Alonso MG, Pizarro-Delgado J, Zuccaro A, Sevillano J, Ramos-Álvarez MP. Pleiotrophin and metabolic disorders: insights into its role in metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1225150. [PMID: 37484951 PMCID: PMC10360176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1225150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine which has been for long studied at the level of the central nervous system, however few studies focus on its role in the peripheral organs. The main aim of this review is to summarize the state of the art of what is known up to date about pleiotrophin and its implications in the main metabolic organs. In summary, pleiotrophin promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes, pancreatic β cells, as well as cells during the mammary gland development. Moreover, this cytokine is important for the structural integrity of the liver and the neuromuscular junction in the skeletal muscle. From a metabolic point of view, pleiotrophin plays a key role in the maintenance of glucose and lipid as well as whole-body insulin homeostasis and favors oxidative metabolism in the skeletal muscle. All in all, this review proposes pleiotrophin as a druggable target to prevent from the development of insulin-resistance-related pathologies.
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Giri H, Biswas I, Rezaie AR. Activated protein C inhibits mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in experimental peritoneal fibrosis. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:133-144. [PMID: 36695376 PMCID: PMC10726528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to its anticoagulant function in downregulating thrombin generation, activated protein C (APC) evokes pleiotropic cytoprotective signaling activities when it binds to endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) to activate protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) in endothelial cells. OBJECTIVES To investigate the protective effect of APC in a chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis model. METHODS Peritoneal fibrosis was induced in wild-type as well as EPCR- and PAR1-deficient mice via daily injection of CG (0.2 mL of 0.1% CG in 15% ethanol and 85% saline) for 21 days with or without concomitant injection of recombinant human APC derivatives (50 μg/kg of bodyweight). The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic markers as well as collagen deposition were analyzed using established methods. RESULTS CG significantly upregulated the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in peritoneal tissues, which culminated in the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix proteins, thickening of the peritoneal membrane, and mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in damaged tissues. APC potently inhibited CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, collagen deposition, Smad3 phosphorylation, and markers of mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, and N-cadherin). APC also inhibited transforming growth factor-β1-mediated upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, Smad3, and fibronectin in human primary mesothelial cells. Employing signaling-selective and anticoagulant-selective variants of APC and mutant mice deficient for either EPCR or PAR1, we demonstrated that the EPCR-dependent signaling function of APC through PAR1 activation was primarily responsible for its antifibrotic activity in the CG-induced peritoneal fibrosis model. CONCLUSION APC and signaling-selective variants of APC may have therapeutic potential for preventing or treating pathologies associated with peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Giri
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Indranil Biswas
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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Brezovec N, Kojc N, Erman A, Hladnik M, Stergar J, Milanič M, Tomšič M, Čučnik S, Sodin-Šemrl S, Perše M, Lakota K. Molecular and Cellular Markers in Chlorhexidine-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis in Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2726. [PMID: 36359246 PMCID: PMC9687430 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the tissue changes and molecular mechanisms of preclinical models is essential for creating an optimal experimental design for credible translation into clinics. In our study, a chlorhexidine (CHX)-induced mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis was used to analyze histological and molecular/cellular alterations induced by 1 and 3 weeks of intraperitoneal CHX application. CHX treatment for 1 week already caused injury, degradation, and loss of mesothelial cells, resulting in local inflammation, with the most severe structural changes occurring in the peritoneum around the ventral parts of the abdominal wall. The local inflammatory response in the abdominal wall showed no prominent differences between 1 and 3 weeks. We observed an increase in polymorphonuclear cells in the blood but no evidence of systemic inflammation as measured by serum levels of serum amyloid A and interleukin-6. CHX-induced fibrosis in the abdominal wall was more pronounced after 3 weeks, but the gene expression of fibrotic markers did not change over time. Complement system molecules were strongly expressed in the abdominal wall of CHX-treated mice. To conclude, both histological and molecular changes were already present in week 1, allowing examination at the onset of fibrosis. This is crucial information for refining further experiments and limiting the amount of unnecessary animal suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neža Brezovec
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nika Kojc
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Hladnik
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Jošt Stergar
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Complex Matter, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Saša Čučnik
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Snežna Sodin-Šemrl
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
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10
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Saita K, Sumitani M, Nishizawa D, Tamura T, Ikeda K, Wakai K, Sudo Y, Abe H, Otonari J, Ikezaki H, Takeuchi K, Hishida A, Tanaka K, Shimanoe C, Takezaki T, Ibusuki R, Oze I, Ito H, Ozaki E, Matsui D, Nakamura Y, Kusakabe M, Suzuki S, Nakagawa-Senda H, Arisawa K, Katsuura-Kamano S, Kuriki K, Kita Y, Nakamura Y, Momozawa Y, Uchida K. Genetic polymorphism of pleiotrophin is associated with pain experience in Japanese adults: Case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30580. [PMID: 36123890 PMCID: PMC9478341 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors play a role in individual differences in pain experience. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel loci regulating pain processing. We conducted a 2-stage GWAS and the candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) association study on pain experience using an exploratory cohort of patients with cancer pain. The confirmatory cohort comprised of participants from the general population with and without habitual use of analgesic medication. In the exploratory cohort, we evaluated pain intensity using a numerical rating scale, recorded daily opioid dosages, and calculated pain reduction rate. In the confirmatory cohort, pain experience was defined as habitual nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage. Using linear regression models, we identified candidate SNP in the exploratory samples, and tested the association between phenotype and experienced pain in the confirmatory samples. We found 1 novel SNP (rs11764598)-located on the gene encoding for pleiotrophin on chromosome 7-that passed the genome-wide suggestive significance at 20% false discovery rate (FDR) correction in the exploratory samples of patients with cancer pain (P = 1.31 × 10-7, FDR = 0.101). We confirmed its significant association with daily analgesic usage in the confirmatory cohort (P = .028), although the minor allele affected pain experience in an opposite manner. We identified a novel genetic variant associated with pain experience. Further studies are required to validate the role of pleiotrophin in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Saita
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sumitani
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masahiko Sumitani, Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshika Sudo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Abe
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Otonari
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenji Takeuchi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | | | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rie Ibusuki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Etsuko Ozaki
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Miho Kusakabe
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakagawa-Senda
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Kita
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Takeda Hospital Medical Examination Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kanji Uchida
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Relief Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Wang X, Zhang M, Sun N, Chang W. Effects and Clinical Value of Peritoneal Dialysis on Water and Water Balance, Adverse Reactions, Quality of Life, and Clinical Prognosis in Patients with Decompensated Chronic Nephropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9469134. [PMID: 35898489 PMCID: PMC9313948 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9469134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis on renal function and quality of life in patients with end-stage renal disease. An evidence-based medical rationale would be provided for peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis treatment in patients with end-stage renal disease. Methods The PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China VIP Database, Wanfang, and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) online databases were searched. Comparisons on the effects of peritoneal dialysis on renal function and quality of life were taken between patients with end-stage renal disease (RD). The data were extracted independently by two researchers. The bias-risk-included literatures were assessed according to the Cochrane manual 5.1.0 standard. RevMan 5.4 statistical software was used to analyze the collected data via meta-analysis. Results Seven RCT articles were finally included. A total of 745 samples were analyzed via meta-analysis. The obvious heterogeneities of serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were discovered (P < 0.00001) in the selective investigations. According to the results of this analysis, it was indicated that the renal function of patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis was significantly better than that of hemodialysis. According to the meta-analysis, there was obvious heterogeneity of life quality among the included research data. It was indicated that the score of quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease treated by peritoneal dialysis was significantly better than that of hemodialysis. Conclusion Compared with hemodialysis in the treatment of end-stage renal disease, the renal function and quality of life of patients with peritoneal dialysis are better than those of hemodialysis. More further studies and follow-up with higher methodological quality and longer intervention time are still needed for further verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wenxiu Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
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12
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Stergar J, Lakota K, Perše M, Tomšič M, Milanič M. Hyperspectral evaluation of vasculature in induced peritonitis mouse models. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:3461-3475. [PMID: 35781958 PMCID: PMC9208583 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of blood vessel structure in combination with functional information about blood oxygenation can be important in characterizing many different health conditions in which the growth of new vessels contributes to the overall condition. In this paper, we present a method for extracting comprehensive maps of the vasculature from hyperspectral images that include tissue and vascular oxygenation. We also show results from a preclinical study of peritonitis in mice. First, we analyze hyperspectral images using Beer-Lambert exponential attenuation law to obtain maps of hemoglobin species throughout the sample. We then use an automatic segmentation algorithm to extract blood vessels from the hemoglobin map and combine them into a vascular structure-oxygenation map. We apply this methodology to a series of hyperspectral images of the abdominal wall of mice with and without induced peritonitis. Peritonitis is an inflammation of peritoneum that leads, if untreated, to complications such as peritoneal sclerosis and even death. Characteristic inflammatory response can also be accompanied by changes in vasculature, such as neoangiogenesis. We demonstrate a potential application of the proposed segmentation and processing method by introducing an abnormal tissue fraction metric that quantifies the amount of tissue that deviates from the average values of healthy controls. It is shown that the proposed metric successfully discriminates between healthy control subjects and model subjects with induced peritonitis and has a high statistical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jošt Stergar
- J. Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- FAMNIT, University of Primorska, Glagoljaska 8, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Vodnikova ulica 62, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Perše
- Faculty of Medicine,University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Tomšič
- University Medical Centre, Department of Rheumatology, Vodnikova ulica 62, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine,University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanič
- J. Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska ulica 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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13
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Yu F, Chen J, Wang X, Cai Q, Luo J, Wang L, Chen K, He Y. Establishment of a novel mouse peritoneal dialysis-associated peritoneal injury model. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:649-658. [PMID: 35353282 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis induced by various factors during peritoneal dialysis (PD) can eventually lead to ultrafiltration failure and termination of PD treatment. The existing animal models are caused by a single stimulus, and cannot accurately simulate complex pathogenesis of peritoneal injury and fibrosis. We aim to develop an efficient and realistic mouse model of PD-associated peritoneal injury using daily intraperitoneal injection (I.P.) of human peritonitis PD effluent. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were classified into six groups: saline control; 2.5% PD fluid; 2.5% PD fluid + lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 4.25% PD fluid; 4.25% PD fluid + LPS; and peritonitis effluent. Mice received daily I.P. for 6 weeks, and were sacrificed to determine peritoneal structural and functional damage, inflammation, and fibrosis. RESULTS Mice in the peritonitis effluent group had low mortality. The submesothelial thickness in the peritonitis effluent group was significantly greater than that in the 2.5% PD fluid group. The peritonitis effluent group had increased expression of fibrosis markers (α-SMA, Collagen I, etc.), neutrophil granulocytes (MPO), and macrophages (CD68, F4/80) in the peritoneum based on immunohistochemical staining; and significantly higher expression of inflammation markers (IL-1β, IL-6, etc.) and fibrosis markers (TGF-β1, α-SMA, etc.) based on real-time qPCR. Modified peritoneal equilibration tests (PET) demonstrated that I.P. of peritonitis effluent reduced peritoneal ultrafiltration. CONCLUSION Our novel animal model of PD-associated peritoneal injury faithfully simulates the clinical pathophysiological process. This animal model may be useful for study of the pathogenesis of PD-associated peritoneal injury and identification of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Qingli Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Kehong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| | - Yani He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical Center, Army Medical University, No. 10 Changjiang Road, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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14
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Ryan EO, Jiang Z, Nguyen H, Wang X. Interactions of Pleiotrophin with a Structurally Defined Heparin Hexasaccharide. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010050. [PMID: 35053198 PMCID: PMC8773689 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent cytokine that plays an important role in neural generation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cancers. Its interactions with the polysaccharide glycosaminoglycan (GAG) are crucial to PTN’s biological activities. In this study, we investigated the interaction of selectively protonated PTN with the heparin hexasaccharide ΔUA2S-(GlcNS6S-IdoA2S)2-GlcNS6S using solution NMR. The use of a structurally defined oligosaccharide and selectively protonated PTN enabled us to obtain intermolecular contacts using unfiltered NOESY experiments, significantly increasing the amount of high-resolution structural information obtainable. Our data showed that PTN’s arginines, lysines, and tryptophans in the two structured domains have strong interactions with the 2-O-sulfated uronate protons in the heparin hexasaccharide. Consistent with the NMR data is the observation that 2-O-desulfation and N-desulfation/N-acetylation significantly decreased heparin hexasaccharides’ affinity for PTN, while 6-O-desulfation only modestly affected the interactions with PTN. These results allowed us to hypothesize that PTN has a preference for sulfate clusters centered on the GlcNS6S-IdoA2S disaccharide. Using these data and the fact that PTN domains mostly bind heparin hexasaccharides independently, models of the PTN-heparin complex were constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xu Wang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-7278256
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15
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Tao Y, Wei X, Yue Y, Wang J, Li J, Shen L, Lu G, He Y, Zhao S, Zhao F, Weng Z, Shen X, Zhou L. Extracellular vesicle-derived AEBP1 mRNA as a novel candidate biomarker for diabetic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:326. [PMID: 34332599 PMCID: PMC8325821 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel and improved methodology is still required for the diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The aim of the present study was to identify novel biomarkers using extracellular vesicle (EV)-derived mRNA based on kidney tissue microarray data. METHODS Candidate genes were identified by intersecting the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and eGFR-correlated genes using the GEO datasets GSE30528 and GSE96804, followed by clinical parameter correlation and diagnostic efficacy assessment. RESULTS Fifteen intersecting genes, including 8 positively correlated genes, B3GALT2, CDH10, MIR3916, NELL1, OCLM, PRKAR2B, TREM1 and USP46, and 7 negatively correlated genes, AEBP1, CDH6, HSD17B2, LUM, MS4A4A, PTN and RASSF9, were confirmed. The expression level assessment results revealed significantly increased levels of AEBP1 in DKD-derived EVs compared to those in T2DM and control EVs. Correlation analysis revealed that AEBP1 levels were positively correlated with Cr, 24-h urine protein and serum CYC and negatively correlated with eGFR and LDL, and good diagnostic efficacy for DKD was also found using AEBP1 levels to differentiate DKD patients from T2DM patients or controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that the AEBP1 level from plasma EVs could differentiate DKD patients from T2DM patients and control subjects and was a good indication of the function of multiple critical clinical parameters. The AEBP1 level of EVs may serve as a novel and efficacious biomarker for DKD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiying Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yue Yue
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Guoyuan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yang He
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- MOH Key Lab of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shidi Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhen Weng
- MOE Engineering Center of Hematological Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiahong Shen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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16
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Post-Surgical Peritoneal Scarring and Key Molecular Mechanisms. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050692. [PMID: 34063089 PMCID: PMC8147932 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-surgical adhesions are internal scar tissue and a major health and economic burden. Adhesions affect and involve the peritoneal lining of the abdominal cavity, which consists of a continuous mesothelial covering of the cavity wall and majority of internal organs. Our understanding of the full pathophysiology of adhesion formation is limited by the fact that the mechanisms regulating normal serosal repair and regeneration of the mesothelial layer are still being elucidated. Emerging evidence suggests that mesothelial cells do not simply form a passive barrier but perform a wide range of important regulatory functions including maintaining a healthy peritoneal homeostasis as well as orchestrating events leading to normal repair or pathological outcomes following injury. Here, we summarise recent advances in our understanding of serosal repair and adhesion formation with an emphasis on molecular mechanisms and novel gene expression signatures associated with these processes. We discuss changes in mesothelial biomolecular marker expression during peritoneal development, which may help, in part, to explain findings in adults from lineage tracing studies using experimental adhesion models. Lastly, we highlight examples of where local tissue specialisation may determine a particular response of peritoneal cells to injury.
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17
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Ryan E, Shen D, Wang X. Pleiotrophin interacts with glycosaminoglycans in a highly flexible and adaptable manner. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:925-941. [PMID: 33529353 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent mitogenic cytokine whose activities are controlled by its interactions with glycosaminoglycan (GAG). We examined the specificity of PTN for several types of GAG oligosaccharides. Our data indicate that the interaction of PTN with GAGs is dependent on the sulfation density of GAGs. Surprisingly, an acidic peptide also had similar interactions with PTN as GAGs. This shows that the interaction of PTN with anionic polymers is flexible and adaptable and that the charge density is the main determinant of the interaction. In addition, we show that PTN can compensate for the loss of its termini in interactions with heparin oligosaccharides, allowing it to maintain its affinity for GAGs in the absence of the termini. Taken together, these data provide valuable insight into the interactions of PTN with its proteoglycan receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eathen Ryan
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Di Shen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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18
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Feng W, Nguyen H, Shen D, Deng H, Jiang Z, Podolnikova N, Ugarova T, Wang X. Structural Characterization of the Interaction between the α MI-Domain of the Integrin Mac-1 (α Mβ 2) and the Cytokine Pleiotrophin. Biochemistry 2021; 60:182-193. [PMID: 33427449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2) is an adhesion receptor vital to many functions of myeloid leukocytes. It is also the most promiscuous member of the integrin family capable of recognizing a broad range of ligands. In particular, its ligand-binding αMI-domain is known to bind cationic proteins/peptides depleted in acidic residues. This contradicts the canonical ligand-binding mechanism of αI-domains, which requires an acidic amino acid in the ligand to coordinate the divalent cation within the metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) of αI-domains. The lack of acidic amino acids in the αMI-domain-binding sequences suggests the existence of an as-yet uncharacterized interaction mechanism. In the present study, we analyzed interactions of the αMI-domain with a representative Mac-1 ligand, the cationic cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN). Through NMR chemical shift perturbation analysis, cross saturation, NOESY, and mutagenesis studies, we found the interaction between the αMI-domain and PTN is divalent cation-independent and mediated mostly by hydrophobic contacts between the N-terminal domain of PTN and residues in the α5-β5 loop of αMI-domain. The observation that increased ionic strength weakens the interaction between the proteins indicates electrostatic forces may also play a significant role in the binding. On the basis of the results from these experiments, we formulated a model of the interaction between the αMI-domain and PTN.
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19
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Zhao N, Li CC, Di B, Xu LL. Recent advances in the NEK7-licensed NLRP3 inflammasome activation: Mechanisms, role in diseases and related inhibitors. J Autoimmun 2020; 113:102515. [PMID: 32703754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a high-molecular-weight complex mediated by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) seed in innate immunity. Once NLRP3 is activated, the following recruitment of the adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) and procaspase-1 would be initiated. Cleavage of procaspase-1 into active caspase-1 then leads to the maturation of the precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into biologically active IL-1β and IL-18. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is thought to be tightly associated with a regulator never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 7 (NEK7), apart from other signaling events such as K+ efflux and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plus, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to various metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation and other diseases. In this review, we firstly describe the cellular/molecular mechanisms of the NEK7-licensed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Then we detail the potential inhibitors that can selectively and effectively modulate either the NEK7-NLRP3 complex itself or the related molecular/cellular events. Finally, we describe some inhibitors as promising therapeutic strategies for diverse diseases driven by NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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20
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Liu KH, Zhou N, Zou Y, Yang YY, OuYang SX, Liang YM. Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) in the Progression of Peritoneal Fibrosis Through Activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 Signaling Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9346-9356. [PMID: 31812978 PMCID: PMC6918804 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to hypertonic and high glucose in peritoneal dialysis fluid can result in peritoneal fibrosis. Spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) has a role in inflammation and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of SYK in an in vivo rat model of peritoneal fibrosis and in rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) in vitro and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Material/Methods Sprague-Dawley rats (N=24) were randomized into the sham control group (N=6); the peritoneal fibrosis group (N=6) treated with intraperitoneal chlorhexidine digluconate; the SYK inhibitor group (N=6), treated with chlorhexidine digluconate and fostamatinib; and the TGF-β inhibitor group (N=6), treated with chlorhexidine digluconate and LY2109761. The rat model underwent daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.5 ml of 0.1% chlorhexidine digluconate. Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) were cultured in vitro in high glucose. SYK expression was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and qRT-PCR measured inflammatory mediators. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 were detected by Western blot. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to target the SYK gene. Results SYK was upregulated in the rat model of peritoneal fibrosis and was induced rat PMCs cultured in high glucose. Knockdown of SYK and inhibition of TGF-β1 significantly reduced fibrosis and inflammation. Findings in the in vivo rat model confirmed that SYK mediated peritoneal fibrosis by regulating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Conclusions In a rat model and in rat PMCs, expression of SYK increased peritoneal fibrosis through activation of the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Han Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yi-Ya Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Sha-Xi OuYang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Mei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Provincial Peoples' Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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21
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Toda N, Mori K, Kasahara M, Koga K, Ishii A, Mori KP, Osaki K, Mukoyama M, Yanagita M, Yokoi H. Deletion of connective tissue growth factor ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting angiogenesis and inflammation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:943-953. [PMID: 29165602 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) regulates the signalling of other growth factors and promotes fibrosis. CTGF is increased in mice and humans with peritoneal fibrosis. Inhibition of CTGF has not been examined as a potential therapeutic target for peritoneal fibrosis because systemic CTGF knockout mice die at the perinatal stage. Methods To study the role of CTGF in peritoneal fibrosis of adult mice, we generated CTGF conditional knockout (cKO) mice by crossing CTGF floxed mice with RosaCreERT2 mice. We administered tamoxifen to Rosa-CTGF cKO mice to delete the CTGF gene throughout the body. We induced peritoneal fibrosis by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) in wild-type and Rosa-CTGF cKO mice. Results Induction of peritoneal fibrosis in wild-type mice increased CTGF expression and produced severe thickening of the peritoneum. In contrast, CG-treated Rosa-CTGF cKO mice exhibited reduced thickening of the peritoneum. Peritoneal equilibration test revealed that the excessive peritoneal small-solute transport in CG-treated wild-type mice was normalized by CTGF deletion. CG-treated Rosa-CTGF cKO mice exhibited a reduced number of αSMA-, Ki67-, CD31- and MAC-2-positive cells in the peritoneum. Analyses of peritoneal mRNA showed that CG-treated Rosa-CTGF cKO mice exhibited reduced expression of Cd68, Acta2 (αSMA), Pecam1 (CD31) and Vegfa. Conclusions These results indicate that a deficiency of CTGF can reduce peritoneal thickening and help to maintain peritoneal function by reducing angiogenesis and inflammation in peritoneal fibrosis. These results suggest that CTGF plays an important role in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Mori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Nephrology and Kidney Research, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masato Kasahara
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kenichi Koga
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keita P Mori
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Osaki
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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22
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Kinashi H, Toda N, Sun T, Nguyen TQ, Suzuki Y, Katsuno T, Yokoi H, Aten J, Mizuno M, Maruyama S, Yanagita M, Goldschmeding R, Ito Y. Connective tissue growth factor is correlated with peritoneal lymphangiogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12175. [PMID: 31434958 PMCID: PMC6704065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic absorption in the peritoneal cavity may contribute to ultrafiltration failure in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Lymphatic vessels develop during PD-related peritoneal fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, also called CCN2) is an important determinant of fibrotic tissue remodeling, but little is known about its possible involvement in lymphangiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the relationship between CTGF and peritoneal lymphangiogenesis. A positive correlation was observed between vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), a major lymphangiogenic growth factor, and the CTGF concentration in human PD effluents. CTGF expression was positively correlated with expression of lymphatic markers and VEGF-C in human peritoneal biopsies. We found a positive correlation between the increase in CTGF and the increase in VEGF-C in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) treated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The diaphragm is a central player in peritoneal lymphatic absorption. CTGF expression was also correlated with expression of VEGF-C and lymphatics in a rat diaphragmatic fibrosis model induced by chlorhexidine gluconate (CG). Furthermore, CTGF gene deletion reduced VEGF-C expression and peritoneal lymphangiogenesis in the mouse CG model. Inhibition of CTGF also reduced VEGF-C upregulation in HPMCs treated with TGF-β1. Our results suggest a close relationship between CTGF and PD-associated lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kinashi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naohiro Toda
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katsuno
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoi
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jan Aten
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masashi Mizuno
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasuhiko Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
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23
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Jiang N, Zhang Z, Shao X, Jing R, Wang C, Fang W, Mou S, Ni Z. Blockade of thrombospondin-1 ameliorates high glucose-induced peritoneal fibrosis through downregulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:364-379. [PMID: 31236971 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a profibrotic cytokine which induces mesothelial cell mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) and peritoneal fibrosis in patients receiving treatment of peritoneal dialysis. Because thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is able to activate latent TGF-β1 in vivo, we investigated whether blockade of TSP-1 could modulate mesothelial cell MMT and ameliorate peritoneal fibrosis. METHODS Human pleural mesothelial cells (Met-5A cells) were treated with TSP-1 and addition of TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody to assess the effect of TSP-1 on MMT. Furthermore, TSP-1 blocking peptide Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu (LSKL) was applied to Met-5A cells treated with 4.25% d-glucose to determine its function in high glucose-induced MMT. Consequently, a uremic dialysate injection rat model was set up to confirm the results in vivo. RESULTS Exposure of Met-5A cells to TSP-1 increased TGF-β1 secretion, expression and bioactivity, triggered Smad3 phosphorylation, upregulated the expression of mesenchymal molecules including fibronectin, collagen type III, α-smooth muscle actin, Snail, and decreased calretinin expression. The effect was partially attenuated by TGF-β1 neutralizing antibody. TSP-1 expression in Met-5A cells was increased by 4.25% d-glucose, followed by increased secretion and bioactivity of TGF-β1, the onset of Smad3 phosphorylation and induction of MMT. LSKL significantly attenuated high glucose-mediated mesothelial cell MMT and ameliorated peritoneal fibrosis in uremic rats receiving dextrose dialysate injection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrated that TSP-1 contributes to mesothelial cell MMT by activating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway and blockade of TSP-1 attenuates high glucose-mediated mesothelial cell MMT and peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ran Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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24
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Tomar AK, Agarwal R, Kundu B. Most Variable Genes and Transcription Factors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients. Interdiscip Sci 2019; 11:668-678. [PMID: 30972690 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-019-00325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic tumor caused by cell cycle aberrations due to accumulating genetic disturbances in the expression of transcription factors (TFs), signaling oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Though survival rate in childhood ALL patients is increased up to 80% with recent medical advances, treatment of adults and childhood relapse cases still remains challenging. Here, we have performed bioinformatics analysis of 207 ALL patients' mRNA expression data retrieved from the ICGC data portal with an objective to mark out the decisive genes and pathways responsible for ALL pathogenesis and aggression. For analysis, 3361 most variable genes, including 276 transcription factors (out of 16,807 genes) were sorted based on the coefficient of variance. Silhouette width analysis classified 207 ALL patients into 6 subtypes and heat map analysis suggests a need of large and multicenter dataset for non-overlapping subtype classification. Overall, 265 GO terms and 32 KEGG pathways were enriched. The lists were dominated by cancer-associated entries and highlight crucial genes and pathways that can be targeted for designing more specific ALL therapeutics. Differential gene expression analysis identified upregulation of two important genes, JCHAIN and CRLF2 in dead patients' cohort suggesting their possible involvement in different clinical outcomes in ALL patients undergoing the same treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Tomar
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Bishwajit Kundu
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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25
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Gao Q, Xu L, Yang Q, Guan TJ. MicroRNA-21 contributes to high glucose-induced fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells in rat models by activation of the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway via Sprouty-1. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5915-5925. [PMID: 30515805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis remains to be one of the most severe causes of failure in continuous peritoneal dialysis. The current study cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells in high glucose to stimulate the environment of peritoneal fibrosis model in rats, and investigate whether microRNA-21 (miR-21) targeting Sprouty-1 affects high glucose-induced fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells via the rennin angiotensin system (Ras)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, as well as potential mechanisms. Peritoneal tissues in fibrosis rats were collected to extract peritoneal mesothelial cells, which, after in vitro culture, were transfected with a series of mimic or inhibitor of miR-21, or the small interfering RNA (siRNA) against Sprouty-1. Reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed to determine the levels of related genes or proteins. MTT assay and flow cytometry were conducted to observe the cell viability and cell apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that Sprouty-1 is the target gene of miR-21. Peritoneal fibrosis manifested with elevated miR-21, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK), RAS and p38MAPK but reduced Sprouty-1. Cells transfected with miR-21 mimic exhibited decreased Sprouty-1 expressions, but increased levels of ERK, JNK, RAS, and p38MAPK. As for cellular process, miR-21 mimic or siRNA against Sprouty-1 exposure reduced cell viability, which resulted in more cells arrested at the G1 stage, and induced apoptosis. In contrast, miR-21 inhibitor exposure was observed to have induced effects on peritoneal mesothelial cells. These key findings provide evidence that miR-21 inhibits Sprouty-1 to promote the progression of fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells by activating the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tian-Jun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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26
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Zhang B, Wei W, Qiu J. ALK is required for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 501:246-252. [PMID: 29723525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator of host immune responses through the induction of pyroptosis and the release of cytokines. Although the pathologic role of inflammasome in infection and sterile inflammation is well known, the mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation remains obscure. Here, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a novel regulator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of ALK through targeted drugs (ceritinib and lorlatinib) or RNAi blocked extracellular ATP-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Mechanically, ALK-mediated NF-κB activation was required for the priming step of NLRP3 upregulation, whereas ALK-mediated lipid peroxidation contributed to the sensing step of NLRP3-NEK7 complex formation. These studies indicate that inhibition of ALK could be utilized to treat NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Jiaming Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China.
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27
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Shen D, Podolnikova NP, Yakubenko VP, Ardell CL, Balabiyev A, Ugarova TP, Wang X. Pleiotrophin, a multifunctional cytokine and growth factor, induces leukocyte responses through the integrin Mac-1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18848-18861. [PMID: 28939773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.773713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a multifunctional, cationic, glycosaminoglycan-binding cytokine and growth factor involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including tissue repair and inflammation-related diseases. PTN has been shown to promote leukocyte responses by inducing their migration and expression of inflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanisms through which PTN mediates these responses remain unclear. Here, we identified the integrin Mac-1 (αMβ2, CD11b/CD18) as the receptor mediating macrophage adhesion and migration to PTN. We also found that expression of Mac-1 on the surface of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells induced their adhesion and migration to PTN. Accordingly, PTN promoted Mac-1-dependent cell spreading and initiated intracellular signaling manifested in phosphorylation of Erk1/2. While binding to PTN, Mac-1 on Mac-1-expressing HEK293 cells appears to cooperate with cell-surface proteoglycans because both anti-Mac-1 function-blocking mAb and heparin were required to block adhesion. Moreover, biolayer interferometry and NMR indicated a direct interaction between the αMI domain, the major ligand-binding region of Mac-1, and PTN. Using peptide libraries, we found that in PTN the αMI domain bound sequences enriched in basic and hydrophobic residues, indicating that PTN conforms to the general principle of ligand-recognition specificity of the αMI domain toward cationic proteins/peptides. Finally, using recombinant PTN-derived fragments, we show that PTN contains two distinct Mac-1-binding sites in each of its constitutive domains. Collectively, these results identify PTN as a ligand for the integrin Mac-1 on the surface of leukocytes and suggest that this interaction may play a role in inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Shen
- From the Schools of Molecular and
| | | | - Valentin P Yakubenko
- Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Christopher L Ardell
- Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee 37614
| | - Arnat Balabiyev
- Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 and
| | | | - Xu Wang
- From the Schools of Molecular and
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28
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Sensitive and non-invasive method for the in vivo analysis of membrane permeability in small animals. J Transl Med 2017; 97:1114-1120. [PMID: 28737767 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue membranes are boundaries that isolate organs or cavities in the body. These semi-permeable membranes are responsible for passive protection that acts through the regulation of nutrient absorption, secretion and filtration of small molecules. These functions could be altered as a consequence of inflammation or trauma, which in turn could lead to changes in permeability, allowing the entrance of toxins, antigens, proteins or facilitating the spread of tumors. Membrane permeability therefore plays an important role in numerous diseases. However, current experimental techniques that are available to quantify membrane permeability in small animals have limited precision and temporal specificity. Improvements in such measurements would lead to a deeper understanding of disease pathogenesis and this may accelerate the development of specific therapies. The study reported here concerns the efficacy of a novel, non-invasive imaging analysis-based measurement method that significantly improves the quantification of tissue membrane permeability in small animals, while at the same time mitigating the adverse effects experienced by the animals under study.
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29
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Shi Y, Ping YF, Zhou W, He ZC, Chen C, Bian BSJ, Zhang L, Chen L, Lan X, Zhang XC, Zhou K, Liu Q, Long H, Fu TW, Zhang XN, Cao MF, Huang Z, Fang X, Wang X, Feng H, Yao XH, Yu SC, Cui YH, Zhang X, Rich JN, Bao S, Bian XW. Tumour-associated macrophages secrete pleiotrophin to promote PTPRZ1 signalling in glioblastoma stem cells for tumour growth. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15080. [PMID: 28569747 PMCID: PMC5461490 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense infiltration of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitates malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain undefined. Herein, we report that TAMs secrete abundant pleiotrophin (PTN) to stimulate glioma stem cells (GSCs) through its receptor PTPRZ1 thus promoting GBM malignant growth through PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling. PTN expression correlates with infiltration of CD11b+/CD163+ TAMs and poor prognosis of GBM patients. Co-implantation of M2-like macrophages (MLCs) promoted GSC-driven tumour growth, but silencing PTN expression in MLCs mitigated their pro-tumorigenic activity. The PTN receptor PTPRZ1 is preferentially expressed in GSCs and also predicts GBM poor prognosis. Disrupting PTPRZ1 abrogated GSC maintenance and tumorigenic potential. Moreover, blocking the PTN–PTPRZ1 signalling by shRNA or anti-PTPRZ1 antibody potently suppressed GBM tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. Our study uncovered a critical molecular crosstalk between TAMs and GSCs through the PTN–PTPRZ1 paracrine signalling to support GBM malignant growth, indicating that targeting this signalling axis may have therapeutic potential. Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) facilitate malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, the authors show that TAMs support glioma stem cell renewal via paracrine signalling to the pleiotrophin receptor PTPRZ1 and that blocking this axis results in increased survival of tumour-bearing animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shi
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi-Fang Ping
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Zhi-Cheng He
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Bai-Shi-Jiao Bian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xun Lan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xian-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua Long
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ti-Wei Fu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mian-Fu Cao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yao
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Shideng Bao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Centre, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,The Key Laboratory of Tumour Immunopathology, The Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing 400038, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510095, China
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Ito Y, Kinashi H, Katsuno T, Suzuki Y, Mizuno M. Peritonitis-induced peritoneal injury models for research in peritoneal dialysis review of infectious and non-infectious models. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-017-0100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Natriuretic peptide receptor guanylyl cyclase-A pathway counteracts glomerular injury evoked by aldosterone through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46624. [PMID: 28429785 PMCID: PMC5399490 DOI: 10.1038/srep46624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylyl cyclase-A (GC-A) signaling, a natriuretic peptide receptor, exerts renoprotective effects by stimulating natriuresis and reducing blood pressure. Previously we demonstrated massive albuminuria with hypertension in uninephrectomized, aldosterone-infused, and high salt-fed (ALDO) systemic GC-A KO mice with enhanced phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in podocytes. In the present study, we examined the interaction between p38 MAPK and GC-A signaling. The administration of FR167653, p38 MAPK inhibitor, reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP), urinary albumin excretion, segmental sclerosis, podocyte injury, and apoptosis. To further investigate the local action of natriuretic peptide and p38 MAPK in podocytes, we generated podocyte-specific (pod) GC-A conditional KO (cKO) mice. ALDO pod GC-A cKO mice demonstrated increased urinary albumin excretion with marked mesangial expansion, podocyte injury and apoptosis, but without blood pressure elevation. FR167653 also suppressed urinary albumin excretion without reducing SBP. Finally, we revealed that atrial natriuretic peptide increased phosphorylation of MAPK phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) concomitant with inhibited phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in response to MAPK kinase 3 activation, thereby resulting in decreased mRNA expression of the apoptosis-related gene, Bax, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in cultured podocytes. These results indicate that natriuretic peptide exerts a renoprotective effect via inhibiting phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in podocytes.
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Yang L, Wu L, Zhang X, Hu Y, Fan Y, Ma J. 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR attenuates high glucose‑induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human peritoneal mesothelial cells via the TGFβ/Smad3 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2273-2279. [PMID: 28259913 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been recognized to accelerate peritoneal membrane dysfunction. 1,25(OH)2D3/vitamin D receptor (VDR) is important for preventing various types of EMT in vivo. However, its function on EMT and inflammation of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR on high glucose (HG)‑induced EMT and inflammation in HPMCs and the underlying molecular mechanism. It was determined that HG reduced VDR expression, increased inflammatory cytokine expression, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and phosphorylated‑SMAD family member 3 (p‑Smad3) expression. EMT was promoted as the expression level of the epithelial marker E‑cadherin was reduced, whereas expression levels of the mesenchymal markers α‑SMA and FN were increased. 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment inhibited the expression of inflammatory cytokines in HPMCs and attenuated HG‑induced EMT, possibly through inhibition of the TGFβ/Smad pathway by binding to its receptor VDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Benxi Center Hospital, China Medical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117000, P.R. China
| | - Ye Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yi Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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Ding X, Bai Y, Zhu X, Li T, Jin E, Huang L, Yu W, Zhao M. The effects of pleiotrophin in proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 255:873-884. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Ma J, Kong Y, Nan H, Qu S, Fu X, Jiang L, Wang W, Guo H, Zhao S, He J, Nan K. Pleiotrophin as a potential biomarker in breast cancer patients. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 466:6-12. [PMID: 28041942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleiotrophin (PTN), a multifunctional growth factor, is up-regulated in many tumors. PTN is reported to play an important role in the regulation of several cellular processes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical significance of PTN as a tumor marker in breast cancer (BC). METHODS Serum PTN levels were detected in 105 BC patients and 40 healthy volunteers using ELISA. In addition, PTN expression was examined in 80 BC tissues in a nested case-control study by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Serum PTN levels were elevated in BC patients compared to healthy controls. Area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.878 (95% CI: 0.824-0.932). The sensitivity of serum PTN was superior to CEA and CA15-3. High serum PTN levels were associated with TNM stage, histology grade, and distant metastasis. Moreover, serum PTN levels decreased significantly after surgical treatment. In BC tissues, PTN expression was significantly higher in BC tissues relative to paired paracancerous tissues. Tissue PTN expression proved to be a prognostic factor for breast cancer according to multivariable logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION PTN could be considered as a potential biomarker for the presence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiequn Ma
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Haocheng Nan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shengyang Qu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Shounian Zhao
- Xi'an Institute for Health Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, PR China
| | - Jianjun He
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Lee DH, Jin CL, Kim Y, Shin MH, Kim JE, Kim M, Lee MJ, Cho S. Pleiotrophin is downregulated in human keloids. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:585-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Transcriptomics: A Step behind the Comprehension of the Polygenic Influence on Oxidative Stress, Immune Deregulation, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9290857. [PMID: 27419142 PMCID: PMC4932167 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9290857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing and global health problem with a great economic burden for healthcare system. Therefore to slow down the progression of this condition is a main objective in nephrology. It has been extensively reported that microinflammation, immune system deregulation, and oxidative stress contribute to CKD progression. Additionally, dialysis worsens this clinical condition because of the contact of blood with bioincompatible dialytic devices. Numerous studies have shown the close link between immune system impairment and CKD but most have been performed using classical biomolecular strategies. These methodologies are limited in their ability to discover new elements and enable measuring the simultaneous influence of multiple factors. The “omics” techniques could overcome these gaps. For example, transcriptomics has revealed that mitochondria and inflammasome have a role in pathogenesis of CKD and are pivotal elements in the cellular alterations leading to systemic complications. We believe that a larger employment of this technique, together with other “omics” methodologies, could help clinicians to obtain new pathogenetic insights, novel diagnostic biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Finally, transcriptomics could allow clinicians to personalize therapeutic strategies according to individual genetic background (nutrigenomic and pharmacogenomic). In this review, we analyzed the available transcriptomic studies involving CKD patients.
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Ablation of the N-type calcium channel ameliorates diabetic nephropathy with improved glycemic control and reduced blood pressure. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27192. [PMID: 27273361 PMCID: PMC4895143 DOI: 10.1038/srep27192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological blockade of the N- and L-type calcium channel lessens renal injury in kidney disease patients. The significance of specific blockade of α1 subunit of N-type calcium channel, Cav2.2, in diabetic nephropathy, however, remains to be clarified. To examine functional roles, we mated Cav2.2−/− mice with db/db (diabetic) mice on the C57BLKS background. Cav2.2 was localized in glomeruli including podocytes and in distal tubular cells. Diabetic Cav2.2−/− mice significantly reduced urinary albumin excretion, glomerular hyperfiltration, blood glucose levels, histological deterioration and systolic blood pressure (SBP) with decreased urinary catecholamine compared to diabetic Cav2.2+/+ mice. Interestingly, diabetic heterozygous Cav2.2+/− mice also decreased albuminuria, although they exhibited comparable systolic blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity and creatinine clearance to diabetic Cav2.2+/+ mice. Consistently, diabetic mice with cilnidipine, an N-/L-type calcium channel blocker, showed a reduction in albuminuria and improvement of glomerular changes compared to diabetic mice with nitrendipine. In cultured podocytes, depolarization-dependent calcium responses were decreased by ω-conotoxin, a Cav2.2-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, reduction of nephrin by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in podocytes was abolished with ω-conotoxin, cilnidipine or mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor. In conclusion, Cav2.2 inhibition exerts renoprotective effects against the progression of diabetic nephropathy, partly by protecting podocytes.
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Lua I, Li Y, Pappoe LS, Asahina K. Myofibroblastic Conversion and Regeneration of Mesothelial Cells in Peritoneal and Liver Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3258-73. [PMID: 26598235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) form a single epithelial layer and line the surface of body cavities and internal organs. Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis often develop peritoneal fibrosis that is characterized by the accumulation of myofibroblasts in connective tissue. Although MCs are believed to be the source of myofibroblasts, their contribution has remained obscure. We determined the contribution of peritoneal MCs to myofibroblasts in chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced fibrosis compared with that of phenotypic changes of liver MCs. CG injections resulted in disappearance of MCs from the body wall and the accumulation of myofibroblasts in the connective tissue. Conditional linage tracing with Wilms tumor 1 (Wt1)-CreERT2 and Rosa26 reporter mice found that 17% of myofibroblasts were derived from MCs in peritoneal fibrosis. Conditional deletion of transforming growth factor-β type II receptor in Wt1(+) MCs substantially reduced peritoneal fibrosis. The CG treatment also induced myofibroblastic conversion of MCs in the liver. Lineage tracing with Mesp1-Cre mice revealed that Mesp1(+) mesoderm gave rise to liver MCs but not peritoneal MCs. During recovery from peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal MCs, but not liver MCs, contribute to the regeneration of the peritoneal mesothelium, indicating an inherent difference between parietal and visceral MCs. In conclusion, MCs partially contribute to myofibroblasts in peritoneal and liver fibrosis, and protection of the MC layer leads to reduced development of fibrous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lua
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yuchang Li
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lamioko S Pappoe
- Division of Nephrology, Los Angeles County+University of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kinji Asahina
- Department of Pathology, Southern California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases (ALPD) and Cirrhosis, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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Chondroitin sulfate prevents peritoneal fibrosis in mice by suppressing NF-κB activation. Med Mol Morphol 2016; 49:144-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-016-0133-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Sawada K, Caballé-Serrano J, Bosshardt DD, Schaller B, Miron RJ, Buser D, Gruber R. Antiseptic solutions modulate the paracrine-like activity of bone chips: differential impact of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:883-891. [PMID: 26284317 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Chemical decontamination increases the availability of bone grafts; however, it remains unclear whether antiseptic processing changes the biological activity of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bone chips were incubated with four different antiseptic solutions including (1) povidone-iodine (0.5%), (2) chlorhexidine diguluconate (0.2%), (3) hydrogen peroxide (1%) and (4) sodium hypochlorite (0.25%). After 10 min. of incubation, changes in the capacity of the bone-conditioned medium (BCM) to modulate gene expression of gingival fibroblasts was investigated. RESULTS Conditioned medium obtained from freshly prepared bone chips increased the expression of TGF-β target genes interleukin 11 (IL11), proteoglycan4 (PRG4), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and decreased the expression of adrenomedullin (ADM), and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in gingival fibroblasts. Incubation of bone chips with 0.2% chlorhexidine, followed by vigorously washing resulted in a BCM with even higher expression of IL11, PRG4 and NOX4. These findings were also detected with a decrease in cell viability and an activation of apoptosis signalling. Chlorhexidine alone, at low concentrations, increased IL11, PRG4 and NOX4 expression, independent of the TGF-β receptor I kinase activity. In contrast, 0.25% sodium hypochlorite almost entirely abolished the activity of BCM, whereas the other two antiseptic solutions, 1% hydrogen peroxide and 0.5% povidone-iodine, had relatively no impact respectively. CONCLUSION These in vitro findings demonstrate that incubation of bone chips with chlorhexidine differentially affects the activity of the respective BCM compared to the other antiseptic solutions. The data further suggest that the main effects are caused by chlorhexidine remaining in the BCM after repeated washing of the bone chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Sawada
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Caballé-Serrano
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Schaller
- Department of Cranio Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Effects of Pleiotrophin on endothelial and inflammatory cells: Pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties and potential role for vascular bio-prosthesis endothelialization. Adv Med Sci 2015; 60:287-93. [PMID: 26114799 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the limitations emerged with both synthetic and degradable vascular grafts is the lack of endothelialization after implantation that is known to be the main reason leading to unfavourable outcomes. It emerges the need to find new strategies to promote a rapid endothelialization of the scaffold. Pleiotrophin is a growth/differentiation cytokine for various cell type. We here evaluated the effect of Pleiotrophin on endothelial cells (EC), monocytes and macrophages that have been shown as key cells promoting neovascularization. MATERIAL/METHODS EA.hy926 endothelial cells, THP-1 monocytes and PMA-differentiated macrophages were treated with Pleiotrophin (10 and 100ng/ml). VEGF, Flk-1, Nrp-1, COX-2, ICAM-1 and TGFβ expression were detected by Western Blot, IL-10, MCP-1 and TNFα levels by ELISA. Chemotaxis was performed in Boyden chambers. Wound healing was performed by scratch wound assay. RESULTS Pleiotrophin induces in EC the expression of VEGF and its receptors Flk-1 and Nrp-1 and improves the migratory capacity. In THP-1 monocytes, Pleiotrophin induces the expression of VEGF and its receptor Nrp-1 and decreases the levels of COX-2 and TNFα. In PMA-differentiated macrophages COX-2 expression was significantly reduced by Pleiotrophin, while IL-10 and TGFβ were increased. CONCLUSIONS Pleiotrophin acts as an angiogenesis 'driver' by promoting the creation of a pro-angiogenic environment, a migratory behaviour in EC and a pro-regenerative alternative phenotype in macrophages. Our results suggest that Pleiotrophin might be considered for vascular prosthesis engineering.
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Xiao L, Peng X, Liu F, Tang C, Hu C, Xu X, Wang M, Luo Y, Yang S, Song P, Xiao P, Kanwar YS, Sun L. AKT regulation of mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal dialysis is modulated by Smurf2 and deubiquitinating enzyme USP4. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:7. [PMID: 25885904 PMCID: PMC4369877 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a key role in mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT) during peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the role of Akt in MMT transformation in PD is not clear. Results In this study, we observed that the phosphorylated form of protein kinase B (Akt), termed as pAkt, was up-regulated in the peritoneum of mice undergoing PD. It was associated with thickening of the peritoneum and up-regulation of TGF-β1. Upregulation of pAkt paralleled with the increased expression of Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2), Vimentin and fibronectin (FN), and decreased expression of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) and Zonula Occludens protein 1(ZO-1) in mice undergoing PD treatment and in TGF-β1 induced human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). These changes were reversed with the treatment of a PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 in vivo or in cells transfected with Akt dominant-negative (Akt-DN) plasmids in vitro. Increased Smurf2 expression in HPMCs, induced by TGF-β1 was accompanied with altered expression of Transforming growth factor receptor I (TβR-I), Smad7, ZO-1, Vimentin and FN via Akt modulation. In addition, inhibition of Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 4 (USP4) decreased TGF- β1-induced expression of TβR-I and reversed the altered expression of Smad7, Smurf2, ZO-1 and Vimentin. Moreover, TGF-β1 accentuated the interactions between Smurf2 and Smad7, while reduced the association between TβR-I and Smurf2. These interactions were reversed by the treatment of Akt-DN and USP4 siRNA, respectively. Conclusions These data implied that Akt mediated MMT in PD via Smurf2 modulation/and or Smad7 degradation while conceivably maintaining the TβRI stability, most likely by the USP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Shikun Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Ping Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology & Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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The effects of pleiotrophin in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115523. [PMID: 25617851 PMCID: PMC4305314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted, multifunctional cytokine, is involved in angiogenic, fibrotic and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about its effects on diabetic retinopathy, a neurovascular disease. To investigate the role of PTN in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), PTN concentration in the vitreous was evaluated in PDR patients and non-diabetic controls. PTN expression was observed in epiretinal membranes from patients. PTN knockdown was performed using small interfering (si)RNA, and the effects on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and human umbilical vascular endothelia cells (HUVECs) were observed in vitro under hyperglycemic and hypoxic conditions. Cell attachment, proliferation, migration, tube formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation, and VEGF levels were studied. The vitreous PTN concentration in PDR patients was higher than that in non-diabetic controls, and PTN was highly expressed in the fibrovascular membranes of PDR patients. Under hyperglycemic and hypoxic conditions, PTN knockdown reduced cell attachment, proliferation, migration, and tube formation and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro. Mechanically, PTN depletion decreased ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Recombinant PTN up regulated the concentration of VEGF in vitro, which can be attenuated by the ERK 1/2 inhibitor. Taken together, our results implied that elevated PTN in PDR patients might participate in the critical processes of the development of PDR, most likely playing roles in angiogenesis and proliferation, possibly by activating the ERK 1/2 pathway and regulating VEGF secretion. These findings provide new insight into the roles of PTN in PDR and suggest that PTN may become a new target for therapeutic intervention in PDR.
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Tsirmoula S, Lamprou M, Hatziapostolou M, Kieffer N, Papadimitriou E. Pleiotrophin-induced endothelial cell migration is regulated by xanthine oxidase-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species. Microvasc Res 2015; 98:74-81. [PMID: 25582077 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a heparin-binding growth factor that induces cell migration through binding to its receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) and integrin alpha v beta 3 (ανβ3). In the present work, we studied the effect of PTN on the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human endothelial cells and the involvement of ROS in PTN-induced cell migration. Exogenous PTN significantly increased ROS levels in a concentration and time-dependent manner in both human endothelial and prostate cancer cells, while knockdown of endogenous PTN expression in prostate cancer cells significantly down-regulated ROS production. Suppression of RPTPβ/ζ through genetic and pharmacological approaches, or inhibition of c-src kinase activity abolished PTN-induced ROS generation. A synthetic peptide that blocks PTN-ανβ3 interaction abolished PTN-induced ROS generation, suggesting that ανβ3 is also involved. The latter was confirmed in CHO cells that do not express β3 or over-express wild-type β3 or mutant β3Y773F/Y785F. PTN increased ROS generation in cells expressing wild-type β3 but not in cells not expressing or expressing mutant β3. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) or Erk1/2 inhibition suppressed PTN-induced ROS production, suggesting that ROS production lays down-stream of PI3K or Erk1/2 activation by PTN. Finally, ROS scavenging and xanthine oxidase inhibition completely abolished both PTN-induced ROS generation and cell migration, while NADPH oxidase inhibition had no effect. Collectively, these data suggest that xanthine oxidase-mediated ROS production is required for PTN-induced cell migration through the cell membrane functional complex of ανβ3 and RPTPβ/ζ and activation of c-src, PI3K and ERK1/2 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Tsirmoula
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Hatziapostolou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Nelly Kieffer
- Sino-French Research Centre for Life Sciences and Genomics, CNRS/LIA124, Rui Jin Hospital, Jiao Tong University Medical School, 197 Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Evangelia Papadimitriou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece.
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Liu J, Zeng L, Zhao Y, Zhu B, Ren W, Wu C. Selenium suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced fibrosis in peritoneal mesothelial cells through inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 161:202-9. [PMID: 25108639 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0091-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis resulting from long-term clinical peritoneal dialysis has been the main reason of dropout from peritoneal dialysis. Peritonitis as a common complication of peritoneal dialysis treatment may lead to the occurrences of peritoneal fibrosis. We cultured peritoneal mesothelial cells with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in order to stimulate the environment of peritonitis and investigate whether lipopolysaccharides could induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Oxidative stress could stimulate fibrogenesis while selenium has antioxidant properties. So, this study also explored whether selenium supplementation affects lipopolysaccharide-induced EMT and fibrosis. We found that lipopolysaccharides could activate EMT changes such as the loss of E-cadherin and the increase of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, vimentin, and fibronectin (FN), while selenium inhibits EMT by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS/MMP-9 signaling pathways in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Moreover, it was revealed that selenium decreased the EMT events of peritoneal mesothelial cells via inhibition of PI3k/AKT pathways. In conclusion, these findings enable a better understanding of the mechanism of peritoneal fibrosis and explore a new idea for the prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272100, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Zhang S, Liang F, Wang B, Le Y, Wang H. Elevated expression of pleiotrophin in pilocarpine-induced seizures of immature rats and in pentylenetetrazole-induced hippocampal astrocytes in vitro. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:415-20. [PMID: 24157126 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated cytokine that has emerged as an important neuromodulator with multiple neuronal functions. In the present study, we detected and compared the dynamic expression of PTN in the hippocampus and adjacent cortex of immature rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Moreover, we also confirmed the results by examining PTN expression in hippocampal astrocytes cultured in the presence of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Immunohistochemistry showed faint immunostaining of PTN in the control hippocampus and adjacent cortex. Notably, PTN immunoreactivity began to increase in relatively small cells in the hippocampus and adjacent cortex at 2h and 3 weeks after seizures, and the labeling intensity reached the maximum level in the hippocampus and adjacent cortex at 8 weeks after seizures. Furthermore, we also found that PTZ treatment significantly reduced astrocytic viability in a dose-dependent manner and time-dependently increased expression levels of PTN in hippocampal astrocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest that increased expression of PTN in the brain tissues may be involved in epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, People's Republic of China.
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Liu J, Wu X, Liu Y, Xu Y, Huang Y, Xing C, Wang X. High-glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solution induces the upregulation of VEGF expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells: The role of pleiotrophin. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1150-8. [PMID: 24042838 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a high-glucose-based peritoneal dialysis solution (HGPDS) on the expression of pleiotrophin (PTN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and the mechanisms through which fluvastatin (Flu) protects the peritoneal membrane in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). HPMCs were cultured with HGPDS, Flu (10-8‑10-6 mol/l) and PTN (10‑30 nmol/l). The expression of PTN and VEGF was examined at the mRNA and protein level. To define the role of PTN in the regulation of VEGF expression, HPMCs were cultured with HGPDS in the presence or absence of the blocking peptide of PTN. The signaling pathways involved in PTN synthesis induced by HGPDS were also characterized. The phenotypic characteristics of HPMCs were observed under a light microscope. Cell viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetry and the mRNA and protein expression of PTN, VEGF and ERK1/2 was assessed by RT‑PCR and the western blot analysis, respectively. Following incubation with HGPDS for 48 h, the morphology of the HPMCs changed from a typical cobblestone‑like appearance to a fibroblast‑like phenotype. The same alteration in the morphology of the HPMCs also occurred following incubation with 20 nmol/l PTN. Flu (10-6 mol/l), GSK650394 [a competitive inhibitor of serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), 10-5 mol/l] and PD98059 (a competitive inhibitor of ERK1/2, 10-5 mol/l) improved the negative changes in cell morphology induced by HGPDS. The results of MTT assay revealed that the reduction in HPMC viability occurred in the groups treated with HGPDS and this reduction was partially restored by Flu, GSK650394 and PD98059. A significant improvement in cell viability, which had been decreased by HGPDS, was observed following treatment with Flu (10-6 mol/l), PD98059 (10-5 mol/l) or GSK650394 (10-5 mol/l) (P<0.05). Compared with the control, the mRNA and protein expression of PTN and VEGF significantly increased in the HPMCs treated with HGPDS (P<0.05). GSK650394 and PD98059 significantly decreased the high mRNA and protein expression levels of PTN and VEGF induced by HGPDS (P<0.05) and Flu had the same inhibitory effect as GSK650394 and PD98059 in a dose‑dependent manner (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of VEGF increased following the incubation of HPMCs with 20 nmol/l PTN. By contrast, the mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF in the HPMCs decreased in the presence of the blocking peptide of PTN. The results from the present study indicated that HGPDS increased the expression of PTN and VEGF in the HPMCs, and this increase was attenuated by Flu, GSK650394 and PD98059. The protein expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) was decreased by GSK650394 in the HPMCs treated with HGPDS. Taken together, the protective effects of Flu in HPMCs may be partially achieved through the SGK1‑ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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McCarville JL, Clarke ST, Shastri P, Liu Y, Kalmokoff M, Brooks SPJ, Green-Johnson JM. Spaceflight influences both mucosal and peripheral cytokine production in PTN-Tg and wild type mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68961. [PMID: 23874826 PMCID: PMC3707889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight is associated with several health issues including diminished immune efficiency. Effects of long-term spaceflight on selected immune parameters of wild type (Wt) and transgenic mice over-expressing pleiotrophin under the human bone-specific osteocalcin promoter (PTN-Tg) were examined using the novel Mouse Drawer System (MDS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) over a 91 day period. Effects of this long duration flight on PTN-Tg and Wt mice were determined in comparison to ground controls and vivarium-housed PTN-Tg and Wt mice. Levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) were measured in mucosal and systemic tissues of Wt and PTN-Tg mice. Colonic contents were also analyzed to assess potential effects on the gut microbiota, although no firm conclusions could be made due to constraints imposed by the MDS payload and the time of sampling. Spaceflight-associated differences were observed in colonic tissue and systemic lymph node levels of IL-2 and TGF-β1 relative to ground controls. Total colonic TGF-β1 levels were lower in Wt and PTN-Tg flight mice in comparison to ground controls. The Wt flight mouse had lower levels of IL-2 and TGF-β1 compared to the Wt ground control in both the inguinal and brachial lymph nodes, however this pattern was not consistently observed in PTN-Tg mice. Vivarium-housed Wt controls had higher levels of active TGF-β1 and IL-2 in inguinal lymph nodes relative to PTN-Tg mice. The results of this study suggest compartmentalized effects of spaceflight and on immune parameters in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L. McCarville
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Clarke
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Padmaja Shastri
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Liu
- Università degil Studi di Genova, Dipartimento di Oncologia, Biologia e Genetica, Genova, Italy
- Istituo Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | - Martin Kalmokoff
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Julia M. Green-Johnson
- Applied Bioscience Graduate Program and Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Nakazawa M, Obata Y, Nishino T, Abe S, Nakazawa Y, Abe K, Furusu A, Miyazaki M, Koji T, Kohno S. Involvement of leptin in the progression of experimentally induced peritoneal fibrosis in mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2013; 46:75-84. [PMID: 23720606 PMCID: PMC3661781 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone mainly produced by white adipose cells, and regulates body fat and food intake by acting on hypothalamus. Leptin receptor is expressed not only in the hypothalamus but in a variety of peripheral tissues, suggesting that leptin has pleiotropic functions. In this study, we investigated the effect of leptin on the progression of peritoneal fibrosis induced by intraperitoneal injection of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG) every other day for 2 or 3 weeks in mice. This study was conducted in male C57BL/6 mice and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Peritoneal fluid, blood, and peritoneal tissues were collected 15 or 22 days after CG injection. CG injection increased the level of leptin in serum and peritoneal fluid with thickening of submesothelial compact zone in wild type mice, but CG-injected ob/ob mice attenuate peritoneal fibrosis, and markedly reduced the number of myofibroblasts, infiltrating macrophages, and blood vessels in the thickened submesothelial area. The 2-week leptin administration induced a more thickened peritoneum in the CG-injected C57BL/6 mice than in the PBS group. Our results indicate that an upregulation of leptin appears to play a role in fibrosis and inflammation during peritoneal injury, and reducing leptin may be a therapeutically potential for peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Nakazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Yoko Obata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
- Medical Education Development Center, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Tomoya Nishino
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Shinichi Abe
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | | | - Akira Furusu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine
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Transcriptional patterns in peritoneal tissue of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, a complication of chronic peritoneal dialysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56389. [PMID: 23418565 PMCID: PMC3572070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a devastating complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), characterized by marked inflammation and severe fibrosis of the peritoneum, and associated with high morbidity and mortality. EPS can occur years after termination of PD and, in severe cases, leads to intestinal obstruction and ileus requiring surgical intervention. Despite ongoing research, the pathogenesis of EPS remains unclear. We performed a global transcriptome analysis of peritoneal tissue specimens from EPS patients, PD patients without EPS, and uremic patients without history of PD or EPS (Uremic). Unsupervised and supervised bioinformatics analysis revealed distinct transcriptional patterns that discriminated these three clinical groups. The analysis identified a signature of 219 genes expressed differentially in EPS as compared to PD and Uremic groups. Canonical pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes showed enrichment in several pathways, including antigen presentation, dendritic cell maturation, B cell development, chemokine signaling and humoral and cellular immunity (P value<0.05). Further interactive network analysis depicted effects of EPS-associated genes on networks linked to inflammation, immunological response, and cell proliferation. Gene expression changes were confirmed by qRT-PCR for a subset of the differentially expressed genes. EPS patient tissues exhibited elevated expression of genes encoding sulfatase1, thrombospondin 1, fibronectin 1 and alpha smooth muscle actin, among many others, while in EPS and PD tissues mRNAs encoding leptin and retinol-binding protein 4 were markedly down-regulated, compared to Uremic group patients. Immunolocalization of Collagen 1 alpha 1 revealed that Col1a1 protein was predominantly expressed in the submesothelial compact zone of EPS patient peritoneal samples, whereas PD patient peritoneal samples exhibited homogenous Col1a1 staining throughout the tissue samples. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis is a distinct pathological process from the simple peritoneal fibrosis that accompanies all PD treatment.
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