1
|
Gu XR, Tai YF, Liu Z, Zhang XY, Liu K, Zhou LY, Yin WJ, Deng YX, Kong DL, Midgley AC, Zuo XC. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Renal-Targeted Polymeric Nanoparticles for Robust Arginase-2 Knockdown and Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Prevention. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304675. [PMID: 38688026 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The mitochondrial enzyme arginase-2 (Arg-2) is implicated in the pathophysiology of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). Therefore, Arg-2 represents a candid target for CI-AKI prevention. Here, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembled renal-targeting polymeric nanoparticles are developed to efficiently deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA), knockdown Arg-2 expression in renal tubules, and prevention of CI-AKI is evaluated. First, near-infrared dye-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) anionic cores are electrostatically coated with cationic chitosan (CS) to facilitate the adsorption and stabilization of Arg-2 siRNA. Next, nanoparticles are coated with anionic hyaluronan (HA) to provide protection against siRNA leakage and shielding against early clearance. Sequential electrostatic layering of CS and HA improves loading capacity of Arg-2 siRNA and yields LbL-assembled nanoparticles. Renal targeting and accumulation is enhanced by modifying the outermost layer of HA with a kidney targeting peptide (HA-KTP). The resultant kidney-targeting and siRNA loaded nanoparticles (PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA) exhibit proprietary accumulation in kidneys and proximal tubular cells at 24 h post-tail vein injection. In iohexol-induced in vitro and in vivo CI-AKI models, PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA delivery alleviates oxidative and nitrification stress, and rescues mitochondrial dysfunction while reducing apoptosis, thereby demonstrating a robust and satisfactory therapeutic effect. Thus, PLGA/CS/HA-KTP siRNA nanoparticles offer a promising candidate therapy to protect against CI-AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Rui Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - De-Ling Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Adam C Midgley
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials for the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Zhao H, Zhang J. Hyaluronidase inhibitor sHA2.75 alleviates ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. Cell Cycle 2024; 23:248-261. [PMID: 38526145 PMCID: PMC11057651 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2309019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronidases (HAases) are enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid (HA) in the animal kingdom. The HAases-HA system is crucial for HA homeostasis and plays a significant role in biological processes and extracellular matrix (ECM)-related pathophysiological conditions. This study aims to explore the role of inhibiting the HAases-HA system in acute kidney injury (AKI). We selected the potent inhibitor "sHA2.75" to inhibit HAase activity through mixed inhibitory mechanisms. The ischemia-reperfusion mouse model was established using male BALB/c mice (7-9 weeks old), and animals were subjected to subcapsular injection with 50 mg/kg sHA2.75 twice a week to evaluate the effects of sHA2.75 on AKI on day 1, 5 and 14 after ischemia-reperfusion or sham procedure. Blood and tissue samples were collected for immunohistochemistry, biochemical, and quantitative analyses. sHA2.75 significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels in AKI mouse models. Expression of kidney injury-related genes such as Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), type I collagen (Col1), type III collagen (Col3), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) showed significant downregulation in mouse kidney tissues after sHA2.75 treatment. Moreover, sHA2.75 treatment led to decreased plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) proteins and reduced mRNA levels in renal tissues of AKI mice. Inhibitor sHA2.75 administration in the AKI mouse model downregulated kidney injury-related biomarkers and immune-specific genes, thereby alleviating AKI in vivo. These findings suggest the potential use of HAase inhibitors for treating ischemic reperfusion-induced kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huajiang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xing H, Li S, Fu Y, Wan X, Zhou A, Cao F, Sun Q, Hu N, Ma M, Li W, Cao C. HYAL1 deficiency attenuates lipopolysaccharide-triggered renal injury and endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI in mice. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2188966. [PMID: 37563795 PMCID: PMC10424626 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2188966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal dysfunction and disruption of renal endothelial glycocalyx are two important events during septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Here, the role and mechanism of hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) in regulating renal injury and renal endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI were explored for the first time. METHODS BALB/c mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) to induce AKI. HYAL1 was blocked in vivo using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA targeting HYAL1 (LV-sh-HYAL1). Biochemical assays were performed to measure the levels and concentrations of biochemical parameters associated with AKI as well as levels of inflammatory cytokines. Renal pathological lesions were determined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Cell apoptosis in the kidney was detected using terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assays were used to examine the levels of hyaluronic acid in the kidney. The protein levels of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, endothelial glycocalyx, and autophagy-associated indicators were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS The knockdown of HYAL1 in LPS-subjected mice by LV-sh-HYAL1 significantly reduced renal inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and kidney dysfunction in AKI, as well as alleviated renal endothelial glycocalyx disruption by preventing the release of hyaluronic acid to the bloodstream. Additionally, autophagy-related protein analysis indicated that knockdown of HYAL1 significantly enhanced autophagy in LPS mice. Furthermore, the beneficial actions of HYAL1 blockade were closely associated with the AMPK/mTOR signaling. CONCLUSION HYAL1 deficiency attenuates LPS-triggered renal injury and endothelial glycocalyx breakdown in septic AKI in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Shensen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Yongchao Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Annan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Feifei Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Nana Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Mengqing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, ChinaNanjing
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Shen R, Lin H, Pan J, Feng X, Lin L, Niu D, Hou Y, Su X, Wang C, Wang L, Qiao X. Effects of contralateral nephrectomy timing and ischemic conditions on kidney fibrosis after unilateral kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Ren Fail 2022; 44:1568-1584. [PMID: 36154902 PMCID: PMC9543178 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Animal models are tools for studying the AKI-CKD progression. Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) models, especially the unilateral IRI (uIRI) model with delayed contralateral kidney resection, are commonly used to induce fibrotic progression to CKD after AKI. However, in previous studies, we found that details of the operation had a significant impact on the long-term outcomes of the kidney in this uIRI model. In this study, we investigated the effects of resection timing of the contralateral intact kidney, core body temperatures during ischemia, and time length of kidney ischemia on kidney function, histological injury and kidney fibrosis after AKI, using a mouse uIRI model with delayed contralateral nephrectomy. The results showed that all these parameters significantly affected the AKI-CKD transition. The post-AKI fibrosis worsened and the survival rate declined with a longer interval between contralateral nephrectomy and uIRI, higher ischemic body temperature, or longer ischemic duration when the other two variables were fixed. In conclusion, in the uIRI model with delayed contralateral nephrectomy, kidney fibrosis after AKI is influenced by many factors. Strictly controlling the experimental conditions is very important for the stability and consistency of the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyuan Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Niu
- Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjuan Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaole Su
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nephrology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pravikova PD, Ivanova LN. Role of Nitric Oxide in Structural Rearrangements in the Renal Medullary Interstitium When Modeling Hypothyroidism in Rats with Different Blood Vasopressin Levels. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Over the years, hyaluronic acid (HA) has emerged as an important molecule in nephrological and urological studies involving extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, inflammation, tissue regeneration, and viral sensing. During this time, many have noted the perplexing double-edged nature of the molecule, at times promoting pro-fibrotic events and at other times promoting anti-fibrotic events. Different molecular weights of HA can be attributed to these disparities, though most studies have yet to focus on this subtlety. With regard to the kidney, HA is induced in the initial response phase of injury and is subsequently decreased during disease progression of AKI, CKD, and diabetic nephropathy. These and other kidney diseases force patients, particularly pediatric patients, to face dialysis, surgical procedures, and ultimately, transplant. To summarize the current literature for researchers and pediatric nephrologists, this review aims to expound HA and elucidate its paradoxical effects in multiple kidney diseases using studies that emphasize HA molecular weight when available.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bosi A, Banfi D, Bistoletti M, Moretto P, Moro E, Crema F, Maggi F, Karousou E, Viola M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Giaroni C, Baj A. Hyaluronan: A Neuroimmune Modulator in the Microbiota-Gut Axis. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010126. [PMID: 35011688 PMCID: PMC8750446 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The commensal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining host gut homeostasis by controlling several metabolic, neuronal and immune functions. Conversely, changes in the gut microenvironment may alter the saprophytic microbial community and function, hampering the positive relationship with the host. In this bidirectional interplay between the gut microbiota and the host, hyaluronan (HA), an unbranched glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix, has a multifaceted role. HA is fundamental for bacterial metabolism and influences bacterial adhesiveness to the mucosal layer and diffusion across the epithelial barrier. In the host, HA may be produced and distributed in different cellular components within the gut microenvironment, playing a role in the modulation of immune and neuronal responses. This review covers the more recent studies highlighting the relevance of HA as a putative modulator of the communication between luminal bacteria and the host gut neuro-immune axis both in health and disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease and ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bosi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Banfi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Michela Bistoletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Paola Moretto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Moro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesca Crema
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (E.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Manuela Viola
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Cristina Giaroni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
- Centre of Neuroscience, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-217412; Fax: +39-0332-217111
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.B.); (D.B.); (M.B.); (P.M.); (F.M.); (E.K.); (M.V.); (A.P.); (D.V.); (A.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kocurkova A, Nesporova K, Sandanusova M, Kerberova M, Lehka K, Velebny V, Kubala L, Ambrozova G. Endogenously-Produced Hyaluronan and Its Potential to Regulate the Development of Peritoneal Adhesions. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010045. [PMID: 35053193 PMCID: PMC8773905 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of peritoneal adhesions (PA) is one of the major complications following intra-abdominal surgery. It is primarily caused by activation of the mesothelial layer and underlying tissues in the peritoneal membrane resulting in the transition of mesothelial cells (MCs) and fibroblasts to a pro-fibrotic phenotype. Pro-fibrotic transition of MCs—mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), and fibroblasts activation to myofibroblasts are interconnected to changes in cellular metabolism and culminate in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the form of fibrotic tissue between injured sides in the abdominal cavity. However, ECM is not only a mechanical scaffold of the newly synthetized tissue but reciprocally affects fibrosis development. Hyaluronan (HA), an important component of ECM, is a non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan consisting of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucuronic acid (GlcUA) that can affect the majority of processes involved in PA formation. This review considers the role of endogenously produced HA in the context of different fibrosis-related pathologies and its overlap in the development of PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kocurkova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Nesporova
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Miriam Sandanusova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kerberova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (L.K.)
| | - Katerina Lehka
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Vladimir Velebny
- Contipro a.s., Dolní Dobrouč 401, 561 02 Dolní Dobrouč, Czech Republic; (K.N.); (K.L.); (V.V.)
| | - Lukas Kubala
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (L.K.)
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Ambrozova
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.S.); (M.K.); (L.K.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vasse GF, Nizamoglu M, Heijink IH, Schlepütz M, van Rijn P, Thomas MJ, Burgess JK, Melgert BN. Macrophage-stroma interactions in fibrosis: biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. J Pathol 2021; 254:344-357. [PMID: 33506963 PMCID: PMC8252758 DOI: 10.1002/path.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis results from aberrant wound healing and is characterized by an accumulation of extracellular matrix, impairing the function of an affected organ. Increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, disruption of matrix degradation, but also abnormal post-translational modifications alter the biochemical composition and biophysical properties of the tissue microenvironment - the stroma. Macrophages are known to play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair, but the direct influence of fibrotic stroma on macrophage behaviour is still an under-investigated element in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this review, the current knowledge on interactions between macrophages and (fibrotic) stroma will be discussed from biochemical, biophysical, and cellular perspectives. Furthermore, we provide future perspectives with regard to how macrophage-stroma interactions can be examined further to ultimately facilitate more specific targeting of these interactions in the treatment of fibrosis. © 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda F Vasse
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of PulmonologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marco Schlepütz
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenBiomedical Engineering Department‐FB40GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases ResearchBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KGBiberach an der RissGermany
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials ScienceGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenDepartment of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular PharmacologyGroningen Research Institute for PharmacyGroningenThe Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)GroningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Selman G, Martinez L, Lightle A, Aguilar A, Woltmann D, Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Salman LH. A hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor delays the progression of diabetic kidney disease in a mouse experimental model. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:809-818. [PMID: 34350420 PMCID: PMC8330520 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0004642020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of hyaluronan (HA) in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as well as the precise mechanisms and consequences of HA involvement in this pathology are still to be clarified. METHODS In this study, we assayed the effects of the HA synthesis inhibitor 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) on the development of DKD. Diabetic type 2 model mice (eNOS-/- C57BLKS/Jdb) were fed artificial diets containing 5% 4-MU or not for 9 weeks. Plasma glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), and biomarkers of kidney function and systemic inflammation were measured at baseline and after treatment. Diabetic nephropathy was further characterized in treated and control mice by histopathology. RESULTS Treated animals consumed a daily dose of approximately 6.2 g of 4-MU per kg of body weight. At the end of the experimental period, the 4-MU supplemented diet resulted in a significant decrease in non-fasting plasma glucose (516 [interquartile range 378-1170] vs. 1149 [875.8-1287] mg/dL, P=0.050) and a trend toward lower HA kidney content (5.6 ± 1.5 vs. 8.8 ± 3.1 ng/mg of kidney weight, P=0.070) compared to the control diet, respectively. Diabetic animals treated with 4-MU showed significantly higher GFR and lower urine ACR and plasma cystatin C levels than diabetic controls. Independent histological assessment of DKD also demonstrated a significant decrease in mesangial expansion score and glomerular injury index in 4-MU-treated mice compared to controls. Plasma glucose showed a strong correlation with kidney HA levels (r=0.66, P=0.0098). Both total hyaluronan (r=0.76, P=0.0071) and low-molecular-weight hyaluronan content (r=0.64, P=0.036) in the kidneys correlated with urine ACR in mice. CONCLUSION These results show that the hyaluronan synthesis inhibitor 4-MU effectively slowed the progression of DKD and constitutes a potential new therapeutic approach to treat DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Selman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Andrea Lightle
- Department of Pathology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Alejandra Aguilar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Loay H. Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York,Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
The Endothelial Glycocalyx as a Target of Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Kidney Transplantation-Where Have We Gone So Far? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042157. [PMID: 33671524 PMCID: PMC7926299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The damage of the endothelial glycocalyx as a consequence of ischemia and/or reperfusion injury (IRI) following kidney transplantation has come at the spotlight of research due to potential associations with delayed graft function, acute rejection as well as long-term allograft dysfunction. The disintegration of the endothelial glycocalyx induced by IRI is the crucial event which exposes the denuded endothelial cells to further inflammatory and oxidative damage. The aim of our review is to present the currently available data regarding complex links between shedding of the glycocalyx components, like syndecan-1, hyaluronan, heparan sulphate, and CD44 with the activation of intricate immune system responses, including toll-like receptors, cytokines and pro-inflammatory transcription factors. Evidence on modes of protection of the endothelial glycocalyx and subsequently maintenance of endothelial permeability as well as novel nephroprotective molecules such as sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P), are also depicted. Although advances in technology are making the visualization and the analysis of the endothelial glycocalyx possible, currently available evidence is mostly experimental. Ongoing progress in understanding the complex impact of IRI on the endothelial glycocalyx, opens up a new era of research in the field of organ transplantation and clinical studies are of utmost importance for the future.
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsushita K, Toyoda T, Yamada T, Morikawa T, Ogawa K. Specific expression of survivin, SOX9, and CD44 in renal tubules in adaptive and maladaptive repair processes after acute kidney injury in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:607-617. [PMID: 32969066 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is thought to be a reversible condition; however, growing evidence has suggested that AKI may be associated with subsequent development of chronic kidney disease. Although renal tubules have intrinsic regeneration capacity, disruption of the regeneration mechanisms leads to irreversible interstitial fibrosis. In this study, we investigated immunohistochemical markers of renal tubules in adaptive and maladaptive repair processes to predict AKI reversibility. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that regenerative tubules and dilated tubules were observed in the kidneys of AKI model rats after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Regenerative tubules gradually redifferentiated after I/R, whereas dilated tubules exhibited no tendency for redifferentiation. In fibrotic areas of the kidney in renal fibrosis model rats subjected to I/R, renal tubules were dilated or atrophied. There results suggested that the histopathological features of renal tubules in the maladaptive repair were dilation or atrophy. From microarray data of regenerative tubules, survivin, SOX9, and CD44 were extracted as candidate markers. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that survivin and SOX9 were expressed in regenerative tubules, whereas SOX9 was also detected in renal tubules in fibrotic areas. These findings indicated that survivin and SOX9 contributed to renal tubular regeneration, whereas sustained SOX9 expression may be associated to fibrosis. CD44 was expressed in dilated tubules in the kidneys of AKI model rats and in the tubules of fibrotic areas of renal fibrosis model rats, suggesting that CD44 was expressed in renal tubules in maladaptive repair. Thus, these factors could be useful markers for detecting disruption of the regenerative mechanisms of renal tubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Matsushita
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takanori Yamada
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kumiko Ogawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Wang X, Wei J, Wang L, Jiang S, Xu L, Qu L, Yang K, Fu L, Buggs J, Cheng F, Liu R. A two-stage bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced AKI to CKD transition model in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F304-F311. [PMID: 32567350 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases the risk of development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recently, our laboratory generated a mouse model with the typical phenotypes of AKI to CKD transition in the unilateral kidney. However, AKI, CKD, and even the transition from AKI to CKD usually occur bilaterally rather than unilaterally in patients. Therefore, in the present study, we further modified the strategy and developed a new model of CKD transitioned from bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in C57BL/6 mice. In this new model, unilateral severe IRI was performed in one kidney while the contralateral kidney was kept intact to maintain animal survival; then, following 14 days of recovery, when the renal function of the injured kidney restored above the survival threshold, the contralateral intact kidney was subjected to a similar IRI. Animals of these two-stage bilateral IRI models with pedicle clamping of 21 and 24 min at a body temperature of 37°C exhibited incomplete recovery from AKI and subsequent development of CKD with characteristics of progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate, increases in plasma creatinine, worsening of proteinuria, and deleterious histopathological changes, including interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, in both kidneys. In conclusion, a new bilateral AKI to CKD transition animal model with a typical phenotype of CKD was generated in C57BL/6 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ximing Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Lan Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Larry Qu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Liying Fu
- Tampa General Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Midgley AC, Woods EL, Jenkins RH, Brown C, Khalid U, Chavez R, Hascall V, Steadman R, Phillips AO, Meran S. Hyaluronidase-2 Regulates RhoA Signaling, Myofibroblast Contractility, and Other Key Profibrotic Myofibroblast Functions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1236-1255. [PMID: 32201263 PMCID: PMC7254050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (HYAL)-2 is a weak, acid-active, hyaluronan-degrading enzyme broadly expressed in somatic tissues. Aberrant HYAL2 expression is implicated in diverse pathology. However, a significant proportion of HYAL2 is enzymatically inactive; thus the mechanisms through which HYAL2 dysregulation influences pathobiology are unclear. Recently, nonenzymatic HYAL2 functions have been described, and nuclear HYAL2 has been shown to influence mRNA splicing to prevent myofibroblast differentiation. Myofibroblasts drive fibrosis, thereby promoting progressive tissue damage and leading to multimorbidity. This study identifies a novel HYAL2 cytoplasmic function in myofibroblasts that is unrelated to its enzymatic activity. In fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, HYAL2 interacts with the GTPase-signaling small molecule ras homolog family member A (RhoA). Transforming growth factor beta 1–driven fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation promotes HYAL2 cytoplasmic relocalization to bind to the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeletal-bound HYAL2 functions as a key regulator of downstream RhoA signaling and influences profibrotic myofibroblast functions, including myosin light-chain kinase–mediated myofibroblast contractility, myofibroblast migration, myofibroblast collagen/fibronectin deposition, as well as connective tissue growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. These data demonstrate that, in certain biological contexts, the nonenzymatic effects of HYAL2 are crucial in orchestrating RhoA signaling and downstream pathways that are important for full profibrotic myofibroblast functionality. In conjunction with previous data demonstrating the influence of HYAL2 on RNA splicing, these findings begin to explain the broad biological effects of HYAL2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Woods
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Brown
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Khalid
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Chavez
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert Steadman
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aled O Phillips
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Meran
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wei J, Zhang J, Wang L, Jiang S, Fu L, Buggs J, Liu R. New mouse model of chronic kidney disease transitioned from ischemic acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F286-F295. [PMID: 31116604 PMCID: PMC6732455 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) significantly increases the risk of development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is closely associated with the severity of AKI. However, the underlying mechanisms for the AKI to CKD transition remain unclear. Several animal models with AKI to CKD transition have been generated and widely used in research; however, none of them exhibit the typical changes in glomerular filtration rate or plasma creatinine, the hallmarks of CKD. In the present study, we developed a novel model with a typical phenotype of AKI to CKD transition in C57BL/6 mice. In this model, life-threatening ischemia-reperfusion injury was performed in one kidney, whereas the contralateral kidney was kept intact to maintain animal survival; then, after 2 wk of recovery, when the renal function of the injured kidney restored above the survival threshold, the contralateral intact kidney was removed. Animals of this two-stage unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model with pedicle clamping of 21 and 24 min exhibited an incomplete recovery from AKI and subsequent progression of CKD with characteristics of a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate, increase in plasma creatinine, worsening of proteinuria, and deleterious histopathological changes, including interstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis. In conclusion, a new model of the AKI to CKD transition was generated in C57BL/6 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wei
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Liying Fu
- Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Li C, Zhang Y, He X, Chen X, Zeng X, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. Targeting Mechanics-Induced Fibroblast Activation through CD44-RhoA-YAP Pathway Ameliorates Crystalline Silica-Induced Silicosis. Theranostics 2019; 9:4993-5008. [PMID: 31410197 PMCID: PMC6691376 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is pneumoconiosis of the lung, usually resulting from prolonged exposure to crystalline silica (CS). The hallmark of silicosis is excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition produced by activated fibroblasts. Recent work demonstrated that excessive ECM-forming mechanical cues play an essential role in promoting fibroblast activation and perpetuating fibrotic pathologies. However, the detailed molecular mechanism still needs to be uncovered. Methods: NIH-3T3 fibroblasts were cultured on either 1 kappa (soft) or 60 kappa (stiff) gel-coated coverslips. A series of knockdown and reverse experiments in vitro were performed to establish the signaling for mechanics-induced fibroblast activation. An experimental model of silicosis was established by one-time intratracheal instillation of CS suspension. The cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) antibody (IM7), dihydrotanshinone I (DHI) and verteporfin (VP) were used to explore the effect of CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling blockade on mechanics-induced fibroblast activation and CS-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Results: Matrix stiffness could induce nuclear translocation of the Yes-associated protein (YAP) through CD44 in fibroblasts. This effect required RhoA activity and F-actin cytoskeleton polymerization but was independent of Hippo pathway kinases, Mst 1 and Lats 1, forming CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling pathway. Pharmacological upstream blocking by CD44 antibody or downstream blockade of YAP by DHI or VP could attenuate fibroblast migration, invasion, proliferation, and collagen deposition. Furthermore, CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling blockade could alleviate CS-induced fibrosis and improve pulmonary function in vivo. Conclusion: CD44-RhoA-YAP signaling mediates mechanics-induced fibroblast activation. Targeting this pathway could ameliorate crystalline silica-induced silicosis and provide a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate fibrosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Gyarmati G, Kadoya H, Moon JY, Burford JL, Ahmadi N, Gill IS, Hong YK, Dér B, Peti-Peterdi J. Advances in Renal Cell Imaging. Semin Nephrol 2019; 38:52-62. [PMID: 29291762 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A great variety of cell imaging technologies are used routinely every day for the investigation of kidney cell types in applications ranging from basic science research to drug development and pharmacology, clinical nephrology, and pathology. Quantitative visualization of the identity, density, and fate of both resident and nonresident cells in the kidney, and imaging-based analysis of their altered function, (patho)biology, metabolism, and signaling in disease conditions, can help to better define pathomechanism-based disease subgroups, identify critical cells and structures that play a role in the pathogenesis, critically needed biomarkers of disease progression, and cell and molecular pathways as targets for novel therapies. Overall, renal cell imaging has great potential for improving the precision of diagnostic and treatment paradigms for individual acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease patients or patient populations. This review highlights and provides examples for some of the recently developed renal cell optical imaging approaches, mainly intravital multiphoton fluorescence microscopy, and the new knowledge they provide for our better understanding of renal pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - James L Burford
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nariman Ahmadi
- Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Inderbir S Gill
- Institute of Urology, Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bálint Dér
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - János Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jung E, Lee J, Jeong L, Park S, Lee M, Song C, Lee D. Stimulus-activatable echogenic maltodextrin nanoparticles as nanotheranostic agents for peripheral arterial disease. Biomaterials 2019; 192:282-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
19
|
Sarhan M, Land WG, Tonnus W, Hugo CP, Linkermann A. Origin and Consequences of Necroinflammation. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:727-780. [PMID: 29465288 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
When cells undergo necrotic cell death in either physiological or pathophysiological settings in vivo, they release highly immunogenic intracellular molecules and organelles into the interstitium and thereby represent the strongest known trigger of the immune system. With our increasing understanding of necrosis as a regulated and genetically determined process (RN, regulated necrosis), necrosis and necroinflammation can be pharmacologically prevented. This review discusses our current knowledge about signaling pathways of necrotic cell death as the origin of necroinflammation. Multiple pathways of RN such as necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis have been evolutionary conserved most likely because of their differences in immunogenicity. As the consequence of necrosis, however, all necrotic cells release damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that have been extensively investigated over the last two decades. Analysis of necroinflammation allows characterizing specific signatures for each particular pathway of cell death. While all RN-pathways share the release of DAMPs in general, most of them actively regulate the immune system by the additional expression and/or maturation of either pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. In addition, DAMPs have been demonstrated to modulate the process of regeneration. For the purpose of better understanding of necroinflammation, we introduce a novel classification of DAMPs in this review to help detect the relative contribution of each RN-pathway to certain physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Sarhan
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Walter G Land
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Wulf Tonnus
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria ; INSERM UMR_S 1109, Laboratory of Excellence Transplantex, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg , France ; German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich , Germany ; and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fu Y, Tang C, Cai J, Chen G, Zhang D, Dong Z. Rodent models of AKI-CKD transition. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1098-F1106. [PMID: 29949392 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00199.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a contributing factor in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite rapid progresses, the mechanism underlying AKI-CKD transition remains largely unclear. Animal models recapitulating this process are crucial to the research of the pathophysiology of AKI-CKD transition and the development of effective therapeutics. In this review, we present the commonly used rodent models of AKI-CKD transition, including bilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), unilateral IRI, unilateral IRI with contralateral nephrectomy, multiple episodes of IRI, and repeated treatment of low-dose cisplatin, diphtheria toxin, aristolochic acid, or folic acid. The main merits and pitfalls of these models are also discussed. This review provides helpful information for establishing reliable and clinically relevant models for studying post-AKI development of chronic renal pathologies and the progression to CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Chengyuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Juan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Dongshan Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital at Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China.,Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Acellular Mouse Kidney ECM can be Used as a Three-Dimensional Substrate to Test the Differentiation Potential of Embryonic Stem Cell Derived Renal Progenitors. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:513-531. [PMID: 28239758 PMCID: PMC5493730 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9712-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of strategies for tissue regeneration and bio-artificial organ development is based on our understanding of embryogenesis. Differentiation protocols attempt to recapitulate the signaling modalities of gastrulation and organogenesis, coupled with cell selection regimens to isolate the cells of choice. This strategy is impeded by the lack of optimal in vitro culture systems since traditional culture systems do not allow for the three-dimensional interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. While artificial three-dimensional scaffolds are available, using the natural extracellular matrix scaffold is advantageous because it has a distinct architecture that is difficult to replicate. The adult extracellular matrix is predicted to mediate signaling related to tissue repair not embryogenesis but existing similarities between the two argues that the extracellular matrix will influence the differentiation of stem and progenitor cells. Previous studies using undifferentiated embryonic stem cells grown directly on acellular kidney ECM demonstrated that the acellular kidney supported cell growth but limited differentiation occurred. Using mouse kidney extracellular matrix and mouse embryonic stem cells we report that the extracellular matrix can support the development of kidney structures if the stem cells are first differentiated to kidney progenitor cells before being applied to the acellular organ.
Collapse
|
22
|
Stridh S, Palm F, Takahashi T, Ikegami-Kawai M, Friederich-Persson M, Hansell P. Hyaluronan Production by Renomedullary Interstitial Cells: Influence of Endothelin, Angiotensin II and Vasopressin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122701. [PMID: 29236055 PMCID: PMC5751302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of hyaluronan (HA) in the interstitium of the renal medulla changes in relation to body hydration status. We investigated if hormones of central importance for body fluid homeostasis affect HA production by renomedullary interstitial cells in culture (RMICs). Simultaneous treatment with vasopressin and angiotensin II (Ang II) reduced HA by 69%. No change occurred in the mRNA expressions of hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) or hyaluronidases (Hyals), while Hyal activity in the supernatant increased by 67% and CD44 expression reduced by 42%. The autocoid endothelin (ET-1) at low concentrations (10−10 and 10−8 M) increased HA 3-fold. On the contrary, at a high concentration (10−6 M) ET-1 reduced HA by 47%. The ET-A receptor antagonist BQ123 not only reversed the reducing effect of high ET-1 on HA, but elevated it to the same level as low concentration ET-1, suggesting separate regulating roles for ET-A and ET-B receptors. This was corroborated by the addition of ET-B receptor antagonist BQ788 to low concentration ET-1, which abolished the HA increase. HAS2 and Hyal2 mRNA did not alter, while Hyal1 mRNA was increased at all ET-1 concentrations tested. Hyal activity was elevated the most by high ET-1 concentration, and blockade of ET-A receptors by BQ123 prevented about 30% of this response. The present study demonstrates an important regulatory influence of hormones involved in body fluid balance on HA handling by RMICs, thereby supporting the concept of a dynamic involvement of interstitial HA in renal fluid handling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stridh
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Red Cross University College, SE-14152 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (T.T.); (M.I.-K.)
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan; (T.T.); (M.I.-K.)
| | - Malou Friederich-Persson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
| | - Peter Hansell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.); (F.P.); (M.F.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-184-714-130
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Walker JKL, Theriot BS, Ghio M, Trempus CS, Wong JE, McQuade VL, Liang J, Jiang D, Noble PW, Garantziotis S, Kraft M, Ingram JL. Targeted HAS2 Expression Lessens Airway Responsiveness in Chronic Murine Allergic Airway Disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:702-710. [PMID: 28787175 PMCID: PMC5765419 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0095oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix, is secreted by airway structural cells. Airway fibroblasts in allergic asthma secrete elevated levels of HA in association with increased HA synthase 2 (HAS2) expression. Thus, we hypothesized that HA accumulation in the airway wall may contribute to airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in allergic airways disease. To examine this hypothesis, transgenic mice in which the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) promoter drives HAS2 expression were generated. Mixed male and female α-SMA-HAS2 mice (HAS2+ mice, n = 16; HAS2- mice, n = 13) were sensitized via intraperitoneal injection and then chronically challenged with aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) for 6 weeks. To test airway responsiveness, increasing doses of methacholine were delivered intravenously and airway resistance was measured using the forced oscillation technique. HA, cytokines, and cell types were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum, and whole lung homogenates. Lung sections were stained using antibodies specific for HA-binding protein (HABP) and α-SMA, as well as Masson's trichrome stain. Staining of lung tissue demonstrated significantly increased peribronchial HA, α-SMA, and collagen deposition in OVA-challenged α-SMA-HAS2+ mice compared with α-SMA-HAS2- mice. Unexpectedly, OVA-challenged α-SMA-HAS2+ mice displayed significantly reduced airway responsiveness to methacholine compared with similarly treated α-SMA-HAS2- mice. The total numbers of inflammatory cell types in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ significantly between OVA-challenged α-SMA-HAS2+ mice and α-SMA-HAS2- mice. We conclude that allergen-challenged mice that overexpress HAS2 in myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells develop increased airway fibrosis, which lessens airway hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia K. L. Walker
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Barbara S. Theriot
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael Ghio
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Carol S. Trempus
- Laboratory of Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jordan E. Wong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victoria L. McQuade
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Paul W. Noble
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Stavros Garantziotis
- Laboratory of Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer L. Ingram
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Midgley AC, Oltean S, Hascall V, Woods EL, Steadman R, Phillips AO, Meran S. Nuclear hyaluronidase 2 drives alternative splicing of CD44 pre-mRNA to determine profibrotic or antifibrotic cell phenotype. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/506/eaao1822. [PMID: 29162741 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cell surface protein CD44 is involved in diverse physiological processes, and its aberrant function is linked to various pathologies such as cancer, immune dysregulation, and fibrosis. The diversity of CD44 biological activity is partly conferred by the generation of distinct CD44 isoforms through alternative splicing. We identified an unexpected function for the ubiquitous hyaluronan-degrading enzyme, hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2), as a regulator of CD44 splicing. Standard CD44 is associated with fibrotic disease, and its production is promoted through serine-arginine-rich (SR) protein-mediated exon exclusion. HYAL2 nuclear translocation was stimulated by bone morphogenetic protein 7, which inhibits the myofibroblast phenotype. Nuclear HYAL2 displaced SR proteins from the spliceosome, thus enabling HYAL2, spliceosome components (U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins), and CD44 pre-mRNA to form a complex. This prevented double-exon splicing and facilitated the inclusion of CD44 exons 11 and 12, which promoted the accumulation of the antifibrotic CD44 isoform CD44v7/8 at the cell surface. These data demonstrate previously undescribed mechanisms regulating CD44 alternative splicing events that are relevant to the regulation of cellular phenotypes in progressive fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sebastian Oltean
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School,Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Emma L Woods
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert Steadman
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Aled O Phillips
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Soma Meran
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee JS. Immunologic Mechanism of Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Transplantation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2017. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2017.31.3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Soo Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Conditional knockdown of hyaluronidase 2 in articular cartilage stimulates osteoarthritic progression in a mice model. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7028. [PMID: 28765635 PMCID: PMC5539311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The catabolism of hyaluronan in articular cartilage remains unclear. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of hyaluronidase 2 (Hyal2) knockdown in articular cartilage on the development of osteoarthritis (OA) using genetic manipulated mice. Destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model of Col2a promoter specific conditional Hyal2 knockout (Hyal−/−) mice was established and examined. Age related and DMM induced alterations of articular cartilage of knee joint were evaluated with modified Mankin score and immunohistochemical staining of MMP-13, ADAMTS-5, KIAA11199, and biotinylated- hyaluronan binding protein staining in addition to histomorphometrical analyses. Effects of Hyal2 suppression were also analyzed using explant culture of an IL-1α induced articular cartilage degradation model. The amount and size of hyaluronan in articular cartilage were higher in Hyal2−/− mice. Hyal2−/− mice exhibited aggravated cartilage degradation in age-related and DMM induced mice. MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 positive chondrocytes were significantly higher in Hyal2−/− mice. Articular cartilage was more degraded in explant cultures obtained from Hyal2−/− mice. Knockdown of Hyal2 in articular cartilage induced OA development and progression possibly mediated by an imbalance of HA metabolism. This suggests that Hyal2 knockdown exhibits mucopolysaccharidosis-like OA change in articular cartilage similar to Hyal1 knockdown.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin L, He Y, Zhang J, Liu Q, Wang L. The Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Puerarin to Treat Uterine Fibrosis Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:3404-3411. [PMID: 28704345 PMCID: PMC5521046 DOI: 10.12659/msm.902227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissues fibrosis is caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and results in organ dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fibrosis occurs after uterine ischemia-reperfusion injury, and to investigate the effects of puerarin (Pur) on the fibrosis process in rats. Material/Methods Twenty-four female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (8 in each group): the control group rats only received operation without uterine ischemic, the IRI group and the IRI + Pur group rats received 30-minutes ischemia and 2-weeks of reperfusion. Pur was orally administered at the onset of reperfusion. Picrosirius red staining was used to assess uterine fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of chymase, TGF-β, α-SMA, and the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Results Uterine fibrosis in the IRI+Pur group was significantly decreased compared with the IRI group. In addition, immunohistochemistry reveals that TGF-β and α-SMA were decreased in the IRI+Pur group compared with the IRI group. Western blotting results showed that Pur significantly suppresses the increase in chymase, α-SMA, TGF-β, and β-catenin expression levels induced by IRI. Conclusions The results indicated that IRI could induce uterine fibrosis and that Pur had an improvement effect on IRI-induced uterine fibrosis by downregulating the activity of mast cell chymase, TGF-β, α-SMA, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yi He
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Land WG, Agostinis P, Gasser S, Garg AD, Linkermann A. Transplantation and Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs). Am J Transplant 2016; 16:3338-3361. [PMID: 27421829 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Upon solid organ transplantation and during cancer immunotherapy, cellular stress responses result in the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The various cellular stresses have been characterized in detail over the last decades, but a unifying classification based on clinically important aspects is lacking. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the most recent literature along with a unifying concept of the danger/injury model, suggest a classification of DAMPs, and review the recently elaborated mechanisms that result in the emission of such factors. We further point out the differences in DAMP responses including the release following a heat shock pattern, endoplasmic reticulum stress, DNA damage-mediated DAMP release, and discuss the diverse pathways of regulated necrosis in this respect. The understanding of various forms of DAMPs and the consequences of their different release patterns are prerequisite to associate serum markers of cellular stresses with clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W G Land
- German Academy of Transplantation Medicine, Munich, Germany.,Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, INSERM UMR_S1109, Plateforme GENOMAX, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,LabexTRANSPLANTEX, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - P Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Gasser
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A D Garg
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Lab, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A Linkermann
- Cluster of Excellence EXC306, Inflammation at Interfaces, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.,Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dogné S, Rath G, Jouret F, Caron N, Dessy C, Flamion B. Hyaluronidase 1 Deficiency Preserves Endothelial Function and Glycocalyx Integrity in Early Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:2742-53. [PMID: 27246914 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the glycocalyx involved in the vascular wall and endothelial glomerular permeability barrier. Endocytosed hyaluronidase HYAL1 is known to degrade HA into small fragments in different cell types, including endothelial cells. In diabetes, the size and permeability of the glycocalyx are altered. In addition, patients with type 1 diabetes present increased plasma levels of both HA and HYAL1. To investigate the potential implication of HYAL1 in the development of diabetes-induced endothelium dysfunction, we measured endothelial markers, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, arteriolar glycocalyx size, and glomerular barrier properties in wild-type and HYAL1 knockout (KO) mice with or without streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We observed that 4 weeks after STZ injections, the lack of HYAL1 1) prevents diabetes-induced increases in soluble P-selectin concentrations and limits the impact of the disease on endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated vasorelaxation; 2) increases glycocalyx thickness and maintains glycocalyx structure and HA content during diabetes; and 3) prevents diabetes-induced glomerular barrier dysfunction assessed using the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and urinary ratio of 70- to 40-kDa dextran. Our findings suggest that HYAL1 contributes to endothelial and glycocalyx dysfunction induced by diabetes. HYAL1 inhibitors could be explored as a new therapeutic approach to prevent vascular complications in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dogné
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Rath
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Jouret
- Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée, Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Caron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Raghavan P, Lu Y, Mirchandani M, Stecco A. Human Recombinant Hyaluronidase Injections For Upper Limb Muscle Stiffness in Individuals With Cerebral Injury: A Case Series. EBioMedicine 2016; 9:306-313. [PMID: 27333050 PMCID: PMC4972484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Raghavan
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, United States; Steinhardt School of Education, Culture and Human Development, New York University, New York, United States.
| | - Ying Lu
- Steinhardt School of Education, Culture and Human Development, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Mona Mirchandani
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Antonio Stecco
- Rusk Rehabilitation, New York University School of Medicine, New York University, New York, United States; University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (β3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury.
Collapse
|
32
|
Darisipudi MN, Knauf F. An update on the role of the inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Pediatr Nephrol 2016; 31:535-44. [PMID: 26178650 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune response pathways play a critical role as the first line of defense. Initiation of an immune response requires sensors that can detect noxious stimuli within the cellular microenvironment. Inflammasomes are signaling platforms that are assembled in response to both microbe-specific and nonmicrobial antigens. Upon activation, proinflammatory cytokines are released to engage immune defenses and to trigger an inflammatory cell death referred to as pyroptosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the role of the inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. As crystal deposition in the kidney is a frequent cause of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in children, recent insights into mechanisms of inflammasome activation by renal crystals are highlighted. This may be of particular interest to pediatric patients and nephrologists in need of new therapeutic approaches. Lastly, current data findings that inflammasomes are not only of major importance in host defense but are also a key regulator of the intestinal microbiota and the progression of systemic diseases are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murthy N Darisipudi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Knauf
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bourguignon V, Flamion B. Respective roles of hyaluronidases 1 and 2 in endogenous hyaluronan turnover. FASEB J 2016; 30:2108-14. [PMID: 26887442 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We studied the physiologic roles of the hyaluronidase (HYAL) 1 and HYAL2 in hyaluronan (HA) turnover. HA was localized and quantified using HA binding proteins in various tissues of Hyal1(-/-) and Hyal2(-/-) mice (knockout mice) as well as control mice. HA MW was determined using gel filtration chromatography. HA endocytosis in liver nonparenchymal cells (NPCs) was quantified in vivo Both Hyal1 and Hyal2 knockout mice showed HA accumulation in peripheral tissues without changes in HA MW distribution. HYAL2 deficiency induced buildup of very high MW (>3.10(6) Da) HA in lymph and serum with severe lymph node distortion. The lack of HYAL2 also impaired high MW HA endocytosis by liver NPCs. HYAL1 deficiency led to a moderate increase in serum HA concentration without changes in HA MW distribution and to HA overload of liver NPCs. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice served as controls. In HA injection experiments, saline-injected mice served as additional controls. We conclude that: 1) HYAL1 and HYAL2 are both needed for tissue HA catabolism; 2) HYAL2 is required for high MW HA clearance in lymph nodes and plasma and for HA endocytosis by liver NPCs; and 3) the main role of HYAL1 is HA degradation within liver NPCs.-Bourguignon, V., Flamion, B. Respective roles of hyaluronidases 1 and 2 in endogenous hyaluronan turnover.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Bourguignon
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Bruno Flamion
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hyaluronan's Role in Fibrosis: A Pathogenic Factor or a Passive Player? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:790203. [PMID: 26583132 PMCID: PMC4637089 DOI: 10.1155/2015/790203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a debilitating condition that can lead to impairment of the affected organ's function. Excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules is characteristic of most fibrotic tissues. Fibroblasts activated by cytokines or growth factors differentiate into myofibroblasts that drive fibrosis by depositing ECM molecules, such as collagen, fibronectin, and connective tissue growth factor. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is one of the major profibrotic cytokines which promotes fibrosis by signaling abnormal ECM regulation. Hyaluronan (HA) is a major ECM glycosaminoglycan that is regulated by TGF-β and whose role in fibrosis is emerging. Aside from its role as a hydrating, space filling polymer, HA regulates different cellular functions and is known to have a role in wound healing and inflammation. Importantly, HA deposition is increased in multiple fibrotic diseases. In this review we highlight studies that link HA to fibrosis and discuss what is known about the role of HA, its receptors, and its anabolic and catabolic enzymes in different fibrotic diseases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stridh S, Palm F, Takahashi T, Ikegami-Kawai M, Hansell P. Inhibition of mTOR activity in diabetes mellitus reduces proteinuria but not renal accumulation of hyaluronan. Ups J Med Sci 2015; 120:233-40. [PMID: 26175092 PMCID: PMC4816883 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2015.1062442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components is an early sign of diabetic nephropathy. Also the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) is elevated in the renal interstitium during experimental diabetes. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway participates in the signaling of hyperglycemia-induced ECM accumulation in the kidney, but this has not yet been investigated for HA. We hypothesized that interstitial HA accumulation during diabetes may involve mTOR activation. METHODS Diabetic rats (6 weeks post-streptozotocin (STZ)) were treated with rapamycin to inhibit mTOR or vehicle for 2 additional weeks. Kidney function (glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, urine output) and regional renal HA content were thereafter analyzed. The ability of the animals to respond to desmopressin was also tested. RESULTS Diabetic animals displayed hyperglycemia, proteinuria, hyperfiltration, renal hypertrophy, increased diuresis with reduced urine osmolality, and reduced weight gain. Cortical and outer medullary HA was elevated in diabetic rats. Urine hyaluronidase activity was almost doubled in diabetic rats compared with controls. The ability to respond to desmopressin was absent in diabetic rats. Renal blood flow and arterial blood pressure were unaffected by the diabetic state. In diabetic rats treated with rapamycin the proteinuria was reduced by 32%, while all other parameters were unaffected. CONCLUSION Regional renal accumulation of the ECM component HA is not sensitive to mTOR inhibition by rapamycin, while proteinuria is reduced in established STZ-induced diabetes. Whether the diabetes-induced renal accumulation of HA occurs through different pathways than other ECM components, or is irreversible after being established, remains to be shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stridh
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Peter Hansell
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: Peter Hansell, Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, BMC, PO Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|