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Petrucci M, de Brot S, Casoni D. Case report: Side effects of etomidate in propylene glycol in five Göttingen Minipigs. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1376604. [PMID: 39055863 PMCID: PMC11270138 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1376604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Etomidate, an agonist of the GABA A receptors, is available for clinical use either in combination with 35% propylene glycol or in a lipid emulsion. Its recognized ability to minimally impact the cardiovascular system made etomidate a suitable option for cardiac-compromised patients. Myoclonus and pain at the injection site are recognized side effects of etomidate in propylene glycol, affecting both human and veterinary species. There is no information available concerning potential side effect in minipigs. In the present case series, we report the side effects related to the use of etomidate in 35% propylene glycol in five Ellegaard Göttingen Minipigs that underwent general anesthesia for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging days or weeks after experimentally induced myocardial infarction. Following intravenous injection of etomidate, laryngeal edema and hyperemia were observed in one case. In another case, tachycardia, apnea, and decreased oxygen saturation, accompanied by laryngeal edema and hyperemia, were observed, which resolved spontaneously in a few minutes. In the arterial or venous samples collected shortly after the induction of general anesthesia, hemolysis was macroscopically visible and subsequently confirmed with a hematological exam in all five cases, as well as hemoglobinuria. Necropsies carried out immediately after euthanasia confirmed macroscopic laryngeal edema, marked diffuse lung alveolar and interstitial edema and hyperemia at histology in one animal, and marked acute lung congestion in another animal. These side effects were not observed when etomidate in a lipid emulsion was injected into another 24 animals. The role played by the different formulations (propylene glycol versus lipidic formulation) has not yet been fully elucidated. Based on our observations, we recommend caution in using the formulation of etomidate in 35% propylene glycol in Göttingen Minipigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Petrucci
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Surgery Facility (ESF), Experimental Animal Center (EAC), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Science (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone de Brot
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Casoni
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Surgery Facility (ESF), Experimental Animal Center (EAC), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Jia H, Chang Y, Song J. The pig as an optimal animal model for cardiovascular research. Lab Anim (NY) 2024; 53:136-147. [PMID: 38773343 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-024-01377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Preclinical cardiovascular research using animals is needed to explore potential targets and therapeutic options. Compared with rodents, pigs have many advantages, with their anatomy, physiology, metabolism and immune system being more similar to humans. Here we present an overview of the available pig models for cardiovascular diseases, discuss their advantages over other models and propose the concept of standardized models to improve translation to the clinical setting and control research costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, China.
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3
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Lopez CD, Girard AO, Lake IV, Suresh V, Abdou H, Morrison JJ, Yang R, Gordon CR, Redett RJ. Skull and Scalp En-Bloc Harvest Protects Calvarial Perfusion: A Cadaveric Study. J Reconstr Microsurg 2024; 40:171-176. [PMID: 37146645 DOI: 10.1055/a-2087-2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calvarial defects are severe injuries that can result from a wide array of etiologies. Reconstructive modalities for these clinical challenges include autologous bone grafting or cranioplasty with biocompatible alloplastic materials. Unfortunately, both approaches are limited by factors such as donor site morbidly, tissue availability, and infection. Calvarial transplantation offers the potential opportunity to address skull defect form and functional needs by replacing "like-with-like" tissue but remains poorly investigated. METHODS Three adult human cadavers underwent circumferential dissection and osteotomy to raise the entire scalp and skull en-bloc. The vascular pedicles of the scalp were assessed for patency and perfused with color dye, iohexol contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) angiography, and indocyanine green for SPY-Portable Handheld Imager assessment of perfusion to the skull. RESULTS Gross changes were appreciated to the scalp with color dye, but not to bone. CT angiography and SPY-Portable Handheld Imager assessment confirmed perfusion from the vessels of the scalp to the skull beyond midline. CONCLUSION Calvarial transplantation may be a technically viable option for skull defect reconstruction that requires vascularized composite tissues (bone and soft tissue) for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lopez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alisa O Girard
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel V Lake
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Visakha Suresh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hossam Abdou
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan J Morrison
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Gordon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard J Redett
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Dorn C, Bender L, Sichtermann T, Minkenberg J, Franko M, Yousefian E, Wiesmann M, Stockero A, May R, Ridwan H, Nikoubashman O, Franz C. Comparison of artery diameters in the Aachen minipig serving as a human intracranial in vivo model. Lab Anim 2024; 58:65-72. [PMID: 37698341 DOI: 10.1177/00236772231169809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Minipigs are used as in vivo endovascular models, particularly in stroke and aneurysm research. However, detailed knowledge of the diameters of forelimb arteries that are commonly used as surrogates for human brain-supplying arteries are lacking. This study aimed to determine the diameters of forelimb and neck arteries in Aachen minipigs and to compare those to the diameters of human cerebral brain-supplying arteries in order to assess the validity of the Aachen minipig as a human intracranial in vivo model. We measured the diameters in the external carotid artery and eight different branches of the subclavian artery in 12 Aachen minipigs using angiographic imaging. Analysed arteries comprised the external carotid artery, axillary artery, brachial artery, subscapular artery first segment, subscapular artery second segment, external thoracic artery, caudal circumflex humeral artery, suprascapular artery and thoracodorsal artery. We compared these diameters to diameters of the following human brain-supplying arteries: terminal internal carotid artery (carotid-T and petrous segment), M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, vertebral artery and basilar artery. Median diameters of porcine forelimb arteries ranged from 1.8 to 4.9 mm, and human brain supplying arteries ranged in diameter from 1.4 to 4.3 mm. Depending on the intended use, this allows porcine forelimb arteries to be selected which are statistically comparable to human brain-supplying vessels. In conclusion, we identified several equivalent arteries of the porcine subclavian branches that are comparable to human brain-supplying arteries. This may help to validate the minipig as a suitable in vivo model for neurovascular experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Dorn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Sichtermann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Minkenberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Franko
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Ehsan Yousefian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Stockero
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebecca May
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Hani Ridwan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Germany
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5
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Wang L, Piao Y, Guo F, Wei J, Chen Y, Dai X, Zhang X. Current progress of pig models for liver cancer research. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115256. [PMID: 37536038 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical trials play critical roles in assessing the safety and efficiency of novel therapeutic strategies for human diseases including live cancer. However, most therapeutic strategies that were proved to be effective in preclinical cancer models failed in human clinical trials due to the lack of appropriate disease animal models. Therefore, it is of importance and urgent to develop a precise animal model for preclinical cancer research. Liver cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers with low 5-year survival rate. Recently, porcine attracted increasing attentions as animal model in biomedical research. Porcine liver cancer model may provide a promising platform for biomedical research due to their similarities to human being in body size, anatomical characteristics, physiology and pathophysiology. In this review, we comprehensively summarized and discussed the advantages and disadvantages, rationale, current status and progress of pig models for liver cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuexian Piao
- Invasive Technology Nursing Platform, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fucheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiarui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Disease, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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6
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Lopez CD, Girard AO, Lake IV, Suresh V, Abdou H, Morrison JJ, Yang R, Gordon CR, Redett RJ. Skull and Scalp En-Bloc Harvest Protects Calvarial Perfusion: A Cadaveric Study. J Reconstr Microsurg 2023. [PMID: 37406669 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calvarial defects are severe injuries that can result from a wide array of etiologies. Reconstructive modalities for these clinical challenges include autologous bone grafting or cranioplasty with biocompatible alloplastic materials. Unfortunately, both approaches are limited by factors such as donor site morbidly, tissue availability, and infection. Calvarial transplantation offers the potential opportunity to address skull defect form and functional needs by replacing "like-with-like" tissue but remains poorly investigated. METHODS Three adult human cadavers underwent circumferential dissection and osteotomy to raise the entire scalp and skull en-bloc. The vascular pedicles of the scalp were assessed for patency and perfused with color dye, iohexol contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) angiography, and indocyanine green for SPY-Portable Handheld Imager assessment of perfusion to the skull. RESULTS Gross changes were appreciated to the scalp with color dye, but not to bone. CT angiography and SPY-Portable Handheld Imager assessment confirmed perfusion from the vessels of the scalp to the skull beyond midline. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Calvarial transplantation may be a technically viable option for skull defect reconstruction that requires vascularized composite tissues (bone and soft tissue) for optimal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Lopez
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alisa O Girard
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Isabel V Lake
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Visakha Suresh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hossam Abdou
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan J Morrison
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical System, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robin Yang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chad R Gordon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard J Redett
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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7
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Blanco-Blázquez V, Báez-Díaz C, Sánchez-Margallo FM, González-Bueno I, Martín H, Blázquez R, Casado JG, Usón A, Solares J, Palacios I, Steendam R, Crisóstomo V. Intracoronary Administration of Microencapsulated HGF in a Reperfused Myocardial Infarction Swine Model. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10020086. [PMID: 36826582 PMCID: PMC9960949 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapy microencapsulation allows minimally invasive, safe, and effective administration. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-fibrotic properties. Our objective was to evaluate the cardiac safety and effectiveness of intracoronary (IC) administration of HGF-loaded extended release microspheres in an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) swine model. An IC infusion of 5 × 106 HGF-loaded microspheres (MS+HGF, n = 7), 5 × 106 placebo microspheres (MS, n = 7), or saline (SAL, n = 7) was performed two days after AMI. TIMI flow and Troponin I (TnI) values were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Cardiac function was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (cMR) before injection and at 10 weeks. Plasma cytokines were determined to evaluate the inflammatory profile and hearts were subjected to histopathological evaluation. Post-treatment coronary flow was impaired in five animals (MS+HGF and MS group) without significant increases in TnI. One animal (MS group) died during treatment. There were no significant differences between groups in cMR parameters at any time (p > 0.05). No statistically significant changes were found between groups neither in cytokines nor in histological analyses. The IC administration of 5 × 106 HGF-loaded-microspheres 48 h post-AMI did not improve cardiac function, nor did it decrease inflammation or cardiac fibrosis in this experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Blanco-Blázquez
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927181032
| | - Claudia Báez-Díaz
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Miguel Sánchez-Margallo
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Irene González-Bueno
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Helena Martín
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rebeca Blázquez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Javier G. Casado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Immunology Unit, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alejandra Usón
- Stem Cell Therapy Unit, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - Rob Steendam
- Innocore Pharmaceuticals, 9713 GX Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Cardiovascular Area, Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Franz C, Bender L, Dorn C, Sichtermann T, Minkenberg J, Franko M, Wiesmann M, Stockero A, Nikoubashman O, May R, Ridwan H. Platelet function testing using the Multiplate analyzer after administration of aspirin in Aachen minipigs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275756. [PMID: 36256639 PMCID: PMC9578582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of platelet function in pigs and the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy is important to ensure proper transferability from animal studies to humans. Our aim was to (1) characterize baseline platelet function of Aachen minipigs using the bedside Multiplate analyzer, (2) compare baseline platelet function with Göttingen minipigs, and (3) characterize platelet inhibition within the first 5 minutes after intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). We characterized the baseline platelet function and hematological parameters in 9 Aachen minipigs. Historical data of 8 unmedicated Göttingen minipigs were used for comparison of baseline values. Platelet inhibition in Aachen minipigs was tested 1-5 minutes after intravenous administration of 500 mg ASA. Multiplate examinations included the following tests: ASPI test (to assess the effect of ASA), adenosine-diphosphate-test (ADP test) and thrombin receptor activating peptide test (TRAP test). Median values and interquartile range (IQR) of the Multiplate baseline tests in Aachen minipigs were as follows: ASPI: 39 U (IQR = 21-71), ADP: 70 U (IQR = 48-73), and TRAP: 8 U (IQR = 6-9), whereas the values in Göttingen minipigs were as follows: ASPI: 70.5 U (IQR = 60-78), ADP: 51 U (IQR = 45-66), and TRAP: 6.5 U (IQR = 4-8). ASPI values of Göttingen minipigs were significantly higher than those of Aachen minipigs (p = 0.046). Intravenous administration of ASA in Aachen minipigs resulted in significant platelet inhibition after 1 minute, which remained stable over a period of 5 minutes (p≤0.038). Aachen minipigs appeared to have a high variance in arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation. In Aachen minipigs, intravenous ASA administration resulted in immediate platelet inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Franz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lara Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Dorn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Sichtermann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Minkenberg
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Franko
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrea Stockero
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebecca May
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hani Ridwan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Cardiovascular Diseases in the Digital Health Era: A Translational Approach from the Lab to the Clinic. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030023. [PMID: 35892928 PMCID: PMC9326743 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational science has been introduced as the nexus among the scientific and the clinical field, which allows researchers to provide and demonstrate that the evidence-based research can connect the gaps present between basic and clinical levels. This type of research has played a major role in the field of cardiovascular diseases, where the main objective has been to identify and transfer potential treatments identified at preclinical stages into clinical practice. This transfer has been enhanced by the intromission of digital health solutions into both basic research and clinical scenarios. This review aimed to identify and summarize the most important translational advances in the last years in the cardiovascular field together with the potential challenges that still remain in basic research, clinical scenarios, and regulatory agencies.
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10
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Mathern N, Yousefian E, Ridwan H, Nikoubashman O, Wiesmann M. Comparison of porcine and human vascular diameters for the optimization of interventional stroke training and research. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268005. [PMID: 35503785 PMCID: PMC9064086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The branches of the porcine subclavian artery are frequently used in endovascular stroke training and research. This study aimed to determine a porcine weight group, in which the arterial diameters most closely match human cerebral artery diameters, and thus optimize the porcine in-vivo model for neuroendovascular purposes. A group of 42 German Landrace swine (45–74 kg) was divided into four subgroups according to their weight. Angiographic images of the swine were used to determine the arterial diameter of the main branches of the subclavian artery: axillary artery, brachial artery, external thoracic artery, subscapular artery (at two different segments), suprascapular artery, caudal circumflex humeral artery, thoracodorsal artery, and circumflex scapular artery. The porcine arterial diameters were correlated with animal weight and compared to luminal diameters of human arteries which are commonly involved in stroke: internal carotid artery, basilar artery, vertebral artery, middle cerebral artery and M2 branches of the middle cerebral artery. Swine weight was positively correlated with porcine arterial diameter. The most conformity with human arterial diameters was found within the two heavier porcine groups (55–74 kg). We suggest the use of swine with a weight between 55–59.7 kg, as lighter animals show less similarity with human arterial diameters and heavier animals could cause more problems with manipulation and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Mathern
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Ehsan Yousefian
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hani Ridwan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Morris CC, Ref J, Acharya S, Johnson KJ, Squire S, Acharya T, Dennis T, Daugherty S, McArthur A, Chinyere IR, Koevary JW, Hare JM, Lancaster JJ, Goldman S, Avery R. Free-breathing gradient recalled echo-based CMR in a swine heart failure model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3698. [PMID: 35260607 PMCID: PMC8904633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07611-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In swine models, there are well-established protocols for creating a closed-chest myocardial infarction (MI) as well as protocols for characterization of cardiac function with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). This methods manuscript outlines a novel technique in CMR data acquisition utilizing smart-signal gradient recalled echo (GRE)-based array sequences in a free-breathing swine heart failure model allowing for both high spatial and temporal resolution imaging. Nine male Yucatan mini swine weighing 48.7 ± 1.6 kg at 58.2 ± 3.1 weeks old underwent the outlined imaging protocol before and 1-month after undergoing closed chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion/reperfusion. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline was 59.3 ± 2.4% and decreased to 48.1 ± 3.7% 1-month post MI (P = 0.029). The average end-diastolic volume (EDV) at baseline was 55.2 ± 1.7 ml and increased to 74.2 ± 4.2 ml at 1-month post MI (P = 0.001). The resulting images from this novel technique and post-imaging analysis are presented and discussed. In a Yucatan swine model of heart failure via closed chest left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion/reperfusion, we found that CMR with GRE-based array sequences produced clinical-grade images with high spatial and temporal resolution in the free-breathing setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Morris
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jacob Ref
- MD Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Satya Acharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin J Johnson
- Magnetic Resonance Research Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Squire
- Magnetic Resonance Research Facility, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Tyler Dennis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alice McArthur
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ikeotunye Royal Chinyere
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,MD-PhD Program, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jen Watson Koevary
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Steven Goldman
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan Avery
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, 676 N Saint Clair, Suite 800, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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12
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Kawada H, Shoda S, Miyoshi T, Takasu M, Tanahashi Y, Iwasaki R, Nagata S, Kawai N, Noda Y, Goshima S, Hyodo F, Mori T, Matsuo M. Radiological Arterial Anatomy in Mature Microminipigs as a Pre-clinical Research Model in Interventional Radiology. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2022; 45:705-708. [PMID: 35182196 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-022-03087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the radiological arterial anatomy in mature microminipigs as a pre-clinical research animal model in interventional radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five female microminipigs (weighing 20.9 ± 2.9 kg) were used in this study. Under general anesthesia, computed tomography (CT) angiography was performed using a 16-slice CT scanner. CT was performed 12 s after initiation of an intravenous injection of 40 ml of nonionic contrast media at 3.0 ml/second using a power injector. The transverse CT angiography images were evaluated using a digital imaging and communication in medicine viewer, and the diameters of the following 41 arteries were measured.: ascending aorta, descending aorta, thoracoabdominal aorta, abdominal aorta, pulmonary artery trunk, both pulmonary, brachiocephalic artery, short common bicarotid, both common carotid artery, subclavian, bronchial, internal mammary, celiac, common hepatic, left lateral hepatic, middle hepatic, left hepatic, gastroduodenal, cranial duodenopancreatic, splenic, left gastric, cranial mesenteric, ileocolic , bilateral colic artery, caudal mesenteric, cranial rectal, renal, both external iliac arteries, internal iliac common trunk, and both internal iliac and femoral arteries. RESULTS The microminipigs' vascular anatomy was the same as domestic pig anatomy and similar to human anatomy. The diameter of the aorta (ascending to abdominal) was 17.1-7.0 mm, iliac and femoral arteries (internal iliac common trunk to femoral artery): 5.5-3.8 mm, pulmonary arteries: 9.3-14.7 mm, and major first aortic branches (e.g., celiac or brachiocephalic artery): 2.2-9.2 mm. CONCLUSION This study defined the microminipig arterial anatomy in the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawada
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Shoda
- Departments of Radiology Services, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Miyoshi
- Departments of Radiology Services, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masaki Takasu
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yukichi Tanahashi
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwasaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shoma Nagata
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawai
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Noda
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Satoshi Goshima
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Departments of Radiology, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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13
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Cimorelli M, Flynn MA, Angel B, Reimold E, Banka SS, Andrien B, Fafarman A, Huneke R, Kohut A, Wrenn S. Selective Enhancement of Swine Myocardium with a Novel Ultrasound Enhancing Agent During Transthoracic Echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:722-729. [PMID: 35099715 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound enhancing agents are approved to delineate the endocardial border and opacify the left ventricle cavity (LVC). We present a nested phase change agent (NPCA) designed to enable selective myocardial enhancement without enhancing the LVC by employing a dual-activation mechanism dependent on sufficient ultrasound intensity and the microenvironment of the myocardium. Swine received bolus injections of NPCA while echocardiograms were collected and processed to determine background-subtracted acoustic intensities (AI) in the LVC and septal myocardium. At mechanical index (MI) ≥ 0.8, the NPCA enhanced the myocardium selectively (p < 0.001) while the LVC remained at baseline AI. A 5-mL bolus of NPCA enhanced swine myocardium and enhancement persisted for > 5 min at 1.4 MI, while hemodynamics and EKG remained normal. Our findings demonstrate that the NPCA enhances swine myocardium selectively without enhancing the LVC. The NPCA could have utility for functional and structural echocardiographic studies with clinical ultrasound using standard settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Cimorelli
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Michael A Flynn
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brett Angel
- Cardiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Cardiology, Tower Health, Phoenixville, PA, USA
| | - Emily Reimold
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sahil S Banka
- Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin Andrien
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron Fafarman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Huneke
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Kohut
- Cardiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Wrenn
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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14
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Morel S, Schilling S, Diagbouga MR, Delucchi M, Bochaton-Piallat ML, Lemeille S, Hirsch S, Kwak BR. Effects of Low and High Aneurysmal Wall Shear Stress on Endothelial Cell Behavior: Differences and Similarities. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727338. [PMID: 34721060 PMCID: PMC8551710 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) result from abnormal enlargement of the arterial lumen. IAs are mostly quiescent and asymptomatic, but their rupture leads to severe brain damage or death. As the evolution of IAs is hard to predict and intricates medical decision, it is essential to improve our understanding of their pathophysiology. Wall shear stress (WSS) is proposed to influence IA growth and rupture. In this study, we investigated the effects of low and supra-high aneurysmal WSS on endothelial cells (ECs). Methods: Porcine arterial ECs were exposed for 48 h to defined levels of shear stress (2, 30, or 80 dyne/cm2) using an Ibidi flow apparatus. Immunostaining for CD31 or γ-cytoplasmic actin was performed to outline cell borders or to determine cell architecture. Geometry measurements (cell orientation, area, circularity and aspect ratio) were performed on confocal microscopy images. mRNA was extracted for RNAseq analysis. Results: ECs exposed to low or supra-high aneurysmal WSS were more circular and had a lower aspect ratio than cells exposed to physiological flow. Furthermore, they lost the alignment in the direction of flow observed under physiological conditions. The effects of low WSS on differential gene expression were stronger than those of supra-high WSS. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted that extracellular matrix proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and more particularly the actin protein family were among the protein classes the most affected by shear stress. Interestingly, most genes showed an opposite regulation under both types of aneurysmal WSS. Immunostainings for γ-cytoplasmic actin suggested a different organization of this cytoskeletal protein between ECs exposed to physiological and both types of aneurysmal WSS. Conclusion: Under both aneurysmal low and supra-high WSS the typical arterial EC morphology molds to a more spherical shape. Whereas low WSS down-regulates the expression of cytoskeletal-related proteins and up-regulates extracellular matrix proteins, supra-high WSS induces opposite changes in gene expression of these protein classes. The differential regulation in EC gene expression observed under various WSS translate into a different organization of the ECs’ architecture. This adaptation of ECs to different aneurysmal WSS conditions may affect vascular remodeling in IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Morel
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Neurosurgery Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Schilling
- Institute of Applied Simulation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland.,Institute of Tourism and Mobility, Lucerne School of Business, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Mannekomba R Diagbouga
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Delucchi
- Institute of Applied Simulation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hirsch
- Institute of Applied Simulation, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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15
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Schachtschneider KM, Schook LB, Meudt JJ, Shanmuganayagam D, Zoller JA, Haghani A, Li CZ, Zhang J, Yang A, Raj K, Horvath S. Epigenetic clock and DNA methylation analysis of porcine models of aging and obesity. GeroScience 2021; 43:2467-2483. [PMID: 34523051 PMCID: PMC8599541 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA-methylation profiles have been used successfully to develop highly accurate biomarkers of age, epigenetic clocks, for many species. Using a custom methylation array, we generated DNA methylation data from n = 238 porcine tissues including blood, bladder, frontal cortex, kidney, liver, and lung, from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and minipigs (Wisconsin Miniature Swine™). Samples used in this study originated from Large White X Landrace crossbred pigs, Large White X Minnesota minipig crossbred pigs, and Wisconsin Miniature Swine™. We present 4 epigenetic clocks for pigs that are distinguished by their compatibility with tissue type (pan-tissue and blood clock) and species (pig and human). Two dual-species human-pig pan-tissue clocks accurately measure chronological age and relative age, respectively. We also characterized CpGs that differ between minipigs and domestic pigs. Strikingly, several genes implicated by our epigenetic studies of minipig status overlap with genes (ADCY3, TFAP2B, SKOR1, and GPR61) implicated by genetic studies of body mass index in humans. In addition, CpGs with different levels of methylation between the two pig breeds were identified proximal to genes involved in blood LDL levels and cholesterol synthesis, of particular interest given the minipig's increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease compared to domestic pigs. Thus, breed-specific differences of domestic and minipigs may potentially help to identify biological mechanisms underlying weight gain and aging-associated diseases. Our porcine clocks are expected to be useful for elucidating the role of epigenetics in aging and obesity, and the testing of anti-aging interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Urban, IL USA
| | - Lawrence B. Schook
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Jennifer J. Meudt
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
| | - Dhanansayan Shanmuganayagam
- Biomedical & Genomic Research Group, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI USA
| | - Joseph A. Zoller
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Amin Haghani
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Caesar Z. Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Gonda Building, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Ken Raj
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Gonda Building, 695 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
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16
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Boix-Montesinos P, Soriano-Teruel PM, Armiñán A, Orzáez M, Vicent MJ. The past, present, and future of breast cancer models for nanomedicine development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:306-330. [PMID: 33798642 PMCID: PMC8191594 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even given recent advances in nanomedicine development of breast cancer treatment in recent years and promising results in pre-clinical models, cancer nanomedicines often fail at the clinical trial stage. Limitations of conventional in vitro models include the lack of representation of the stromal population, the absence of a three-dimensional (3D) structure, and a poor representation of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Herein, we review those cell culture strategies that aim to overcome these limitations, including cell co-cultures, advanced 3D cell cultures, patient-derived cells, bioprinting, and microfluidics systems. The in vivo evaluation of nanomedicines must consider critical parameters that include the enhanced permeability and retention effect, the host's immune status, and the site of tumor implantation. Here, we critically discuss the advantages and limitations of current in vivo models and report how the improved selection and application of breast cancer models can improve the clinical translation of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Boix-Montesinos
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula M Soriano-Teruel
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Ana Armiñán
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mar Orzáez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Targeted Therapies on Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
| | - María J Vicent
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory, Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, E-46012 Valencia, Spain.
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17
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Góes AMDO, Chaves RHDF, Furlaneto IP, Rodrigues EDM, de Albuquerque FBA, Smit JHA, de Oliveira CP, Abib SDCV. Comparative angiotomographic study of swine vascular anatomy: contributions to research and training models in vascular and endovascular surgery. J Vasc Bras 2021; 20:e20200086. [PMID: 34093675 PMCID: PMC8147709 DOI: 10.1590/1677-5449.200086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medium and large animal models allow researchers to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cardiovascular procedures in systems that resemble human anatomy and can be used to simulate scenarios for training purposes. Although porcine models have been used extensively, many physiological and anatomical features remain unknown or only superficially described. Objectives To describe the normal porcine vascular anatomy on computed tomography scans, compare it to human vascular anatomy, and discuss the application of porcine models for open and endovascular procedures. Methods Three male Landrace pigs underwent computed tomography. The vascular anatomy of the neck, thorax, abdomen, and limbs was analyzed and described; relevant similarities and differences between porcine and human vascular anatomies and the implications for vascular procedures in pigs are highlighted. Results The carotid territory, aortic arch, and terminal aorta branches all show marked differences in pigs compared to their human counterparts. Compressions of both left renal and common iliac veins were detected, analogous to those seen in human Nutcracker and May-Thurner syndromes. Vascular measurements (diameters, lengths, and angles) of several different porcine territories are presented. Conclusions The data presented should be useful for planning preclinical trials and basic research and for refining surgical training using porcine models in vascular fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenauer Marinho de Oliveira Góes
- Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará - CESUPA, Curso de Medicina, Belém, PA, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Programa de Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simone de Campos Vieira Abib
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Programa de Ciência Cirúrgica Interdisciplinar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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18
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Bedi JS, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Singh Gill JP, Barbuddhe SB. Emergency preparedness for public health threats, surveillance, modelling & forecasting. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:287-298. [PMID: 33906991 PMCID: PMC8204835 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_653_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the interconnected world, safeguarding global health security is vital for maintaining public health and economic upliftment of any nation. Emergency preparedness is considered as the key to control the emerging public health challenges at both national as well as international levels. Further, the predictive information systems based on routine surveillance, disease modelling and forecasting play a pivotal role in both policy building and community participation to detect, prevent and respond to potential health threats. Therefore, reliable and timely forecasts of these untoward events could mobilize swift and effective public health responses and mitigation efforts. The present review focuses on the various aspects of emergency preparedness with special emphasis on public health surveillance, epidemiological modelling and capacity building approaches. Global coordination and capacity building, funding and commitment at the national and international levels, under the One Health framework, are crucial in combating global public health threats in a holistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhadeo B. Barbuddhe
- Department of Meat Safety, ICAR-National Research Centre on Meat, Chengicherla, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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19
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Iacobazzi D, Rapetto F, Albertario A, Swim MM, Narayan S, Skeffington K, Salih T, Alvino VV, Madeddu P, Ghorbel MT, Caputo M. Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Engineered Conduit for Pediatric Translation in Heart Defect. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:201-213. [PMID: 32571164 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The materials available for the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction in patients with tetralogy of fallot (TOF)/pulmonary atresia come with the severe limitation of long-term degeneration and lack of growth potential, causing right ventricular dysfunction, aneurysm formation, and arrhythmias, thus necessitating several high-risk reoperations throughout patients' lives. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the Wharton's Jelly (WJ-MSCs), the gelatinous inner portion of the umbilical cord, to grow and recellularize an extracellular matrix (ECM) graft in our optimized xeno-free, good manufacturing practice-compliant culture system. WJ-MSCs were phenotypically and functionally characterized by flow cytometry and multilineage differentiation capacity, respectively. The typical MSC immunophenotype and functional characteristics were retained in our xeno-free culture system, as well as the capacity to grow and engraft onto a naturally occurring scaffold. WJ-MSCs, from both human and swine source, showed excellent capacity to recellularize ECM graft producing a living cell-seeded construct. In addition, we have provided an in vivo proof of concept of feasibility of the cellularized conduit, engineered with swine WJ-MSCs, to be used in a novel porcine model of main pulmonary artery reconstruction, where it showed good integration within the host tissue. Our study indicates that the addition of WJ-MSCs to the ECM scaffold can upgrade the material, converting it into a living tissue, with the potential to grow, repair, and remodel the RVOT. These results could potentially represent a paradigm shift in pediatric cardiac intervention toward new modalities for effective and personalized surgical restoration of pulmonary artery and RVOT function in TOF/pulmonary atresia patients. Impact Statement The materials available for pulmonary artery reconstruction in pediatric patients with Congenital Heart Defect come with the limitation of long-term degeneration and lack of growth, thus necessitating several reoperations. Here, we describe a novel approach combining perinatal stem cells and naturally occurring scaffold to create a living tissue engineered conduit that showed good growth potential in a pulmonary artery reconstruction porcine model. We envision this approach is of great interest and relevance in tissue engineering field applied to cardiovascular regenerative medicine, as it may open up new avenues for correction of congenital cardiac defects, with remarkable medical and social benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Iacobazzi
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Filippo Rapetto
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ambra Albertario
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan M Swim
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivas Narayan
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Skeffington
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tasneem Salih
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenza Valeria Alvino
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed T Ghorbel
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Bristol Heart Institute, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
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20
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Pelot NA, Goldhagen GB, Cariello JE, Musselman ED, Clissold KA, Ezzell JA, Grill WM. Quantified Morphology of the Cervical and Subdiaphragmatic Vagus Nerves of Human, Pig, and Rat. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:601479. [PMID: 33250710 PMCID: PMC7672126 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.601479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to understand the morphology of the vagus nerve (VN) to design and deliver effective and selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) because nerve morphology influences fiber responses to electrical stimulation. Specifically, nerve diameter (and thus, electrode-fiber distance), fascicle diameter, fascicular organization, and perineurium thickness all significantly affect the responses of nerve fibers to electrical signals delivered through a cuff electrode. We quantified the morphology of cervical and subdiaphragmatic VNs in humans, pigs, and rats: effective nerve diameter, number of fascicles, effective fascicle diameters, proportions of endoneurial, perineurial, and epineurial tissues, and perineurium thickness. The human and pig VNs were comparable sizes (∼2 mm cervically; ∼1.6 mm subdiaphragmatically), while the rat nerves were ten times smaller. The pig nerves had ten times more fascicles-and the fascicles were smaller-than in human nerves (47 vs. 7 fascicles cervically; 38 vs. 5 fascicles subdiaphragmatically). Comparing the cervical to the subdiaphragmatic VNs, the nerves and fascicles were larger at the cervical level for all species and there were more fascicles for pigs. Human morphology generally exhibited greater variability across samples than pigs and rats. A prior study of human somatic nerves indicated that the ratio of perineurium thickness to fascicle diameter was approximately constant across fascicle diameters. However, our data found thicker human and pig VN perineurium than those prior data: the VNs had thicker perineurium for larger fascicles and thicker perineurium normalized by fascicle diameter for smaller fascicles. Understanding these differences in VN morphology between preclinical models and the clinical target, as well as the variability across individuals of a species, is essential for designing suitable cuff electrodes and stimulation parameters and for informing translation of preclinical results to clinical application to advance the therapeutic efficacy of VNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Pelot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gabriel B. Goldhagen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jake E. Cariello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Eric D. Musselman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kara A. Clissold
- Histology Research Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. Ashley Ezzell
- Histology Research Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Warren M. Grill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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21
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Müller T, Boileau E, Talyan S, Kehr D, Varadi K, Busch M, Most P, Krijgsveld J, Dieterich C. Updated and enhanced pig cardiac transcriptome based on long-read RNA sequencing and proteomics. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 150:23-31. [PMID: 33049256 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinically translatable large animal models have become indispensable for cardiovascular research, clinically relevant proof of concept studies and for novel therapeutic interventions. In particular, the pig has emerged as an essential cardiovascular disease model, because its heart, circulatory system, and blood supply are anatomically and functionally similar to that of humans. Currently, molecular and omics-based studies in the pig are hampered by the incompleteness of the genome and the lack of diversity of the corresponding transcriptome annotation. Here, we employed Nanopore long-read sequencing and in-depth proteomics on top of Illumina RNA-seq to enhance the pig cardiac transcriptome annotation. We assembled 15,926 transcripts, stratified into coding and non-coding, and validated our results by complementary mass spectrometry. A manual review of several gene loci, which are associated with cardiac function, corroborated the utility of our enhanced annotation. All our data are available for download and are provided as tracks for integration in genome browsers. We deem this resource as highly valuable for molecular research in an increasingly relevant large animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Müller
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Functional and Structural Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Etienne Boileau
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sweta Talyan
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothea Kehr
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Varadi
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Most
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, INF 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Translational Medicine, Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Functional and Structural Genomics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Section of Bioinformatics and Systems Cardiology, Klaus Tschira Institute for Integrative Computational Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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22
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Bukowska J, Szóstek-Mioduchowska AZ, Kopcewicz M, Walendzik K, Machcińska S, Gawrońska-Kozak B. Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Large Animal Models: from Basic to Applied Science. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:719-738. [PMID: 33025392 PMCID: PMC8166671 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) isolated from domestic animals fulfill the qualitative criteria of mesenchymal stem cells, including the capacity to differentiate along multiple lineage pathways and to self-renew, as well as immunomodulatory capacities. Recent findings on human diseases derived from studying large animal models, have provided evidence that administration of autologous or allogenic ASCs can improve the process of healing. In a narrow group of large animals used in bioresearch studies, pigs and horses have been shown to be the best suited models for study of the wound healing process, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal disorders. To this end, current literature demonstrates that ASC-based therapies bring considerable benefits to animal health in both spontaneously occurring and experimentally induced clinical cases. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the diversity, isolation, and characterization of ASCs from livestock. Particular attention has been paid to the functional characteristics of the cells that facilitate their therapeutic application in large animal models of human disease. In this regard, we describe outcomes of ASCs utilization in translational research with pig and horse models of disease. Furthermore, we evaluate the current status of ASC-based therapy in veterinary practice, particularly in the rapidly developing field of equine regenerative medicine. In conclusion, this review presents arguments that support the relevance of animal ASCs in the field of regenerative medicine and it provides insights into the future perspectives of ASC utilization in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bukowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Machcińska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Barbara Gawrońska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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23
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Development and Evaluation of a Disease Large Animal Model for Preclinical Assessment of Renal Denervation Therapies. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091446. [PMID: 32824935 PMCID: PMC7552649 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
New-generation catheters-based renal denervation (RDN) is under investigation for the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). We assessed the feasibility of a large animal model of HTN to accommodate the human RDN devices. Ten minipigs were instrumented to measure blood pressure (BP) in an awake-state. HTN was induced with subcutaneous 11-deoxycorticosterone (DOCA, 100 mg/kg) implants. Five months after, the surviving animals underwent RDN with the Symplicity® system. Norepinephrine (NE) renal gradients were determined before and 1 month after RDN. Renal arteries were processed for histological (hematoxylin-eosin, Movat pentachrome) and immunohistochemical (S100, tyrosine-hydroxylase) analyses. BP significantly rose after DOCA implants. Six animals died prematurely, mainly from infectious causes. The surviving animals showed stable BP levels after 5 months. One month after RDN, nerve damage was showed in three animals, with impedance drop >10%, NE gradient drop and reduction in BP. The fourth animal showed no nerve damage, impedance drop <10%, NE gradient increase and no change in BP. In conclusion, the minipig model of DOCA-induced HTN is feasible, showing durable effects. High mortality should be addressed in next iterations of this model. RDN may partially offset the DOCA-induced HTN. Impedance drop and NE renal gradient could be markers of RDN success.
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24
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Cobo AA, Margallo FMS, Díaz CB, Blázquez VB, Bueno IG, Crisóstomo V. Anesthesia Protocols used to Create Ischemia Reperfusion Myocardial Infarcts in Swine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020; 59:478-487. [PMID: 32709259 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The porcine ischemia-reperfusion model is one of the most commonly used for cardiology research and for testing interventions for myocardial regeneration. In creating ischemic reperfusion injury, the anesthetic protocol is important for assuring hemodynamic stability of the animal during the induction of the experimental lesion and may affect its postoperative survival. This paper reviews the many drugs and anesthetic protocols used in recent studies involving porcine models of ischemiareperfusion injury. The paper also summarizes the most important characteristics of some commonly used anesthetic drugs. Literature was selected for inclusion in this review if the authors described the anesthetic protocol used and also reported the mortality rate attributed to the creation of the model. This information is an important consideration because the anesthetic protocol can influence hemodynamic stability during the experimental induction of an acute myocardial infarction, thereby impacting the survival rate and affecting the number of animals needed for each study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Abad Cobo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain;,
| | | | - Claudia Báez Díaz
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Verónica Crisóstomo
- Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Centre, Cáceres, Spain; CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Hao H, Lin R, Li Z, Shi W, Huang T, Niu J, Han J, Li Q. MC4R deficiency in pigs results in hyperphagia and ultimately hepatic steatosis without high-fat diet. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 520:651-656. [PMID: 31629472 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R)-deficient mice had been used for several years to study human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, although liver pathologic and biochemical indicators have been examined, mice models do not always faithfully display the phenotype of the human disease. In this study, we investigated the MC4R knockout phenotype in miniature pigs. We found that pigs lacking MC4R exhibited hyperorexia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, disordered lipid metabolism and their livers accumulated significant amounts of fat. We have shown that deletion of MC4R results in hyperphagia and increased body fat, ultimately leading to hepatic steatosis without atherogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rutao Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenshu Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tongtong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianqin Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyong Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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26
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Platelet function testing in pigs using the Multiplate® Analyzer. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222010. [PMID: 31465489 PMCID: PMC6715187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For endovascular research pigs are an established animal model. However, experiences regarding analyses of platelet inhibition in pigs using the Multiplate® Analyzer are limited. The aims of the present study were to investigate if (1) the Multiplate® Analyzer is a suitable method for examination of porcine platelet function using manufacturers’ recommendations for human blood, and (2) platelet inhibition can be induced with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and clopidogrel in pigs reliably, and if (3) non-responders to one of the drug can be detected. Additionally we examined differences in (4) the effectiveness of ASA between oral administration and intravenous application, and (5) between domestic pigs (German Landrace; GL) and miniature pigs (MP). We investigated platelet function of 36 unmedicated pigs (GL n = 28; MP n = 8). In addition, 32 blood samples taken from medicated pigs (GL n = 15; MP n = 17) were analysed. Platelet inhibition was induced in four different ways: (1) 500 mg ASA intravenously (n = 11), (2) 500 mg ASA intravenously and 450 mg clopidogrel orally (n = 5), (3) 250 mg ASA orally (n = 11), (4) 250 mg ASA orally and 75 mg clopidogrel orally (n = 5). Results of the ASPI and ADP test of the Multiplate® Analyzer subtests in unmedicated and medicated pigs were in a comparable range to results known from humans. Application of ASA decreased the mean values of the ASPI test significantly regardless of the application method. Joined administration of ASA and clopidogrel also decreased the mean values of the ADP test significantly. Both, oral and intravenous administrations of ASA as well as oral administration of clopidogrel effectively inhibited platelet function in pigs. One pig did not respond to clopidogrel. We found no differences between domestic and miniature pigs regarding reference values in unmedicated pigs and the effectiveness of ASA and clopidogrel.
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27
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Sandmann J, Müschenich FS, Riabikin A, Kramer M, Wiesmann M, Nikoubashman O. Can silicone models replace animal models in hands-on training for endovascular stroke therapy? Interv Neuroradiol 2019; 25:397-402. [PMID: 30895839 DOI: 10.1177/1591019919833843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Since thrombectomy has become a standard treatment technique for stroke, there is great demand for well-trained interventionalists. We offer practical courses on both silicone models and porcine models, and conducted a survey to evaluate whether ex vivo training models could replace in vivo models in the future. METHODS In total, 110 neurointerventionalists participating in 30 training courses were included in our survey using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS The level of experience in thrombectomy maneuvers was almost balanced in our sample (52% experienced and 48% less-experienced participants). Silicone models were regarded as useful training tools regardless of the participants' experience (p = 1.000): 94% of less-experienced and 92% of experienced participants considered a silicone model to be a useful introduction for training with animal models. Of the participants, 95% indicated that training on animal models was helpful and necessary, even if they already had experience in performing interventions in humans (p = 1.000). After joining this course, 97% of all participants felt well prepared to perform thrombectomies in humans. CONCLUSION Even experienced participants benefit from silicone models. Silicone models are a good preparation for animal models but cannot replace them. Categorizing participants depending on their experience and their individual needs before practical training may allow for more efficient endovascular training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sandmann
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Riabikin
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Kramer
- 2 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Martin Wiesmann
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Omid Nikoubashman
- 1 Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Cullen JM, Lu G, Shannon AH, Su G, Sharma A, Salmon M, Fashandi AZ, Spinosa MD, Montgomery WG, Johnston WF, Ailawadi G, Upchurch GR. A novel swine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2018; 70:252-260.e2. [PMID: 30591288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few large-animal models exist for the study of aortic aneurysms. β-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) is a compound known to cause aortic aneurysms by inhibiting lysyl oxidase, a collagen cross-linking enzyme. It is hypothesized that BAPN plus aneurysm induction surgery would result in significant aneurysm formation in swine with biologic properties similar to human disease. METHODS Initial experiments were performed in uncastrated male swine not treated with BAPN (surgery alone). Subsequently, uncastrated male swine were fed BAPN (0.15 g/kg) for 7 days before undergoing surgery; the infrarenal aorta was circumferentially dissected and measured, balloon dilated, and perfused with elastase (500 units) and type I collagenase (8000 units), with extraluminal elastase application. In the BAPN groups, daily BAPN feedings continued until swine harvest at postoperative days 7, 14, and 28. RESULTS Swine undergoing surgery alone (n = 12) had significantly less dilation at 28 days compared with BAPN + surgery swine (51.9% ± 29.2% [0%-100%] vs 113.5% ± 30.2% [52.9%-146.2%]; P < .0003). Mean aortic dilation in animals undergoing treatment with surgery and BAPN was 86.9% ± 47.4% (range, 55.6%-157.1%), 105.4% ± 58.1% (50%-133.3%), and 113.5% ± 30.2% (52.9%-146.2%) at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. In the BAPN + surgery group, significant elastolysis was present at all time points, whereas aortic wall collagen content was not significantly different. Smooth muscle cells were significantly depleted at 14 and 28 days, and M1 macrophages were increased at 14 and 28 days (P < .05, all). Matrix metalloproteinase 2 was elevated at 7 days (P < .05). Multiple proinflammatory cytokines were elevated within the aortic wall of BAPN + surgery swine. CONCLUSIONS BAPN plus surgery resulted in significantly larger aortic aneurysms than surgery alone and was critical to aneurysm formation in this novel swine model. Hallmarks of human disease, such as elastin fragmentation, smooth muscle cell depletion, macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase activation, and proinflammatory cytokine expression, were observed in BAPN-treated swine. This model better parallels many of the characteristics of human AAAs and may be suitable for prehuman drug trials.
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MESH Headings
- Aminopropionitrile
- Angioplasty, Balloon
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Collagenases
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dilatation, Pathologic
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Pancreatic Elastase
- Sus scrofa
- Time Factors
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Cullen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | | | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Anna Z Fashandi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | | | | | | | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
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29
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Fong PY, Chuang WY, Huang YZ, Chang CH. Safety of carotid artery stent in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-The histopathological proof from swine carotid artery. Neurosci Lett 2017; 657:194-198. [PMID: 28782579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), including theta burst stimulation (TBS), is considered helpful for functional recovery in post-stroke patients. However, the safety is a common concern forusingr TMS for neuro-rehabilitation and research in patients with stents. METHOD Prolonged continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) with 1200 pulses at 50% of maximum output of Magstim Super Rapid2 was delivered in three different angles to a carotid stent placed in an isolated fresh swine carotid artery or on a table at a distance of 5cm. The possible migration and temperature change of the stent caused by cTBS was monitored by video recording and a digital thermometer, respectively. Histopathological study with hematoxylin and eosin stain were done on the vessel wall to identify possible micro thermal injury. RESULTS Stents in vessels did not cause any significant morphology change, such as thermal damage, after cTBS was given at three different angles. Neither visible migration nor significant temperature elevation was induced by cTBS. CONCLUSION There was no temperature change, thermal injury or migration after prolonged TBS at a high intensity, suggesting TBS is safe for clinical neuro-rehabilitation and physiological assessments in stroke patients with vascular stents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Fong
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chang
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 st Road, Kweishan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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