1
|
Chen S, Liu Y, Chen X, Tao H, Piao Y, Huang H, Han Z, Han ZC, Chen XM, Li Z. Combined lineage tracing and scRNA-seq reveal the activation of Sox9 + cells in renal regeneration with PGE 2 treatment. Cell Prolif 2024:e13679. [PMID: 38801100 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering mechanisms of endogenous regeneration and repair through resident stem cell activation will allow us to develop specific therapies for injuries and diseases by targeting resident stem cell lineages. Sox9+ stem cells have been reported to play an essential role in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, a complete view of the Sox9+ lineage was not well investigated to accurately elucidate the functional end state and the choice of cell fate during tissue repair after AKI. To identify the mechanisms of fate determination of Sox9+ stem cells, we set up an AKI model with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) treatment in a Sox9 lineage tracing mouse model. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to analyse the transcriptomic profile of the Sox9+ lineage. Our results revealed that PGE2 could activate renal Sox9+ cells and promote the differentiation of Sox9+ cells into renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and inhibit the development of fibrosis. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrated that PGE2 could regulate the restoration of lipid metabolism homeostasis in proximal tubular epithelial cells by participating in communication with different cell types. Our results highlight the prospects for the activation of endogenous renal Sox9+ stem cells with PGE2 for the regenerative therapy of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang Chen
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Tao
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yongjun Piao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoyan Huang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhibo Han
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Engineering Technologies for Cell Pharmaceutical, National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, AmCellGene Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Human Development and Reproductive Regulation, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tianjin, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cardiac Remodeling and Transplantation, Zhengzhou No. 7 People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao X, Chang J, Chang Y, Fan L, Liu Z, Zhang C, Shimosawa T, Yang F, Xu Q. Esaxerenone Inhibits Renal Angiogenesis and Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition via the VEGFA and TGF-β1 Pathways in Aldosterone-Infused Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11766. [PMID: 37511521 PMCID: PMC10380380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is an inevitable process in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Angiogenesis plays an important role in this process. Vascular endothelial cells are involved in renal fibrosis by phenotypic transformation and secretion of extracellular matrix. Aldosterone stimulates mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation and induces inflammation, which is important for angiogenesis. Clinically, MR blockers (MRBs) have a protective effect on damaged kidneys, which may be associated with inhibition of angiogenesis. In this study, we used aldosterone-infused mice and found that aldosterone induced angiogenesis and that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in neovascular endothelial cells was involved in renal fibrosis. Notably, aldosterone induced inflammation and stimulated macrophages to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A to regulate angiogenesis by activating MR, whereas EndMT occurred in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) induction and participated in renal fibrosis. These effects were antagonized by the MRB esaxerenone. These findings suggest that reducing angiogenesis may be an effective strategy for treating renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Gao
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jingyue Chang
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yi Chang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lili Fan
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tatsuo Shimosawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-8686, Japan
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Qingyou Xu
- Graduate School, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rahbar Saadat Y, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Sani A, Zununi Vahed S, Ardalan M. Ischemic tubular injury: Oxygen-sensitive signals and metabolic reprogramming. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01232-x. [PMID: 37131045 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The kidneys are the most vulnerable organs to severe ischemic insult that results in cellular hypoxia under pathophysiological conditions. Large amounts of oxygen are consumed by the kidneys, mainly to produce energy for tubular reabsorption. Beyond high oxygen demand and the low oxygen supply, different other factors make kidneys vulnerable to ischemia which is deemed to be a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). On the other hand, kidneys are capable of sensing and responding to oxygen alternations to evade harms resulting from inadequate oxygen. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is the main conserved oxygen-sensing mechanism that maintains homeostasis under hypoxia through direct/indirect regulation of several genes that contribute to metabolic adaptation, angiogenesis, energy conservation, erythropoiesis, and so on. In response to oxygen availability, prolyl-hydroxylases (PHDs) control the HIF stability. This review focuses on the oxygen-sensing mechanisms in kidneys, particularly in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) and discusses the molecules involved in ischemic response and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, the possible roles of non-coding RNAs (microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs) in the development of ischemic AKI are put forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anis Sani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Verma N, Despa F. The association between renal accumulation of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin and renal hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1104662. [PMID: 36875454 PMCID: PMC9978768 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and is associated with diabetic states (obesity, prediabetes and type-2 diabetes mellitus). The kidney is intrinsically susceptible to low oxygen (hypoxia) and renal hypoxia plays a vital role in the progression of CKD. Recent studies suggest an association between CKD and renal deposition of amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas. Renal accumulation of amyloid-forming amylin is associated with hypertension, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of hypoxia signaling in the kidney. In this review we will discuss potential associations between renal amylin amyloid accumulation, hypertension, and mechanism of hypoxia-induced kidney dysfunction, including activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
|
5
|
Deng L, Xu G, Huang Q. Comprehensive analyses of the microRNA-messenger RNA-transcription factor regulatory network in mouse and human renal fibrosis. Front Genet 2022; 13:925097. [PMID: 36457754 PMCID: PMC9705735 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.925097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to construct a microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA (mRNA)-transcription factor (TF) regulatory network and explore underlying molecular mechanisms, effective biomarkers, and drugs in renal fibrosis (RF). Methods: A total of six datasets were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. "Limma" and "DESeq2" packages in R software and GEO2R were applied to identify the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs (DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs, respectively). The determination and verification of DEmiRNAs and DEmRNAs were performed through the integrated analysis of datasets from five mouse 7 days of unilateral ureteral obstruction datasets and one human chronic kidney disease dataset and the Human Protein Atlas (http://www.proteinatlas.org). Target mRNAs of DEmiRNAs and TFs were predicted by prediction databases and the iRegulon plugin in Cytoscape, respectively. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using STRING, Cytoscape v3.9.1, and CytoNCA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed by DIANA-miRPath v3.0 and R package "clusterProfiler." A miRNA-mRNA-TF network was established using Cytoscape. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic value of the key hub genes. Finally, the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and Drug-Gene Interaction database were applied to identify potential drugs. Results: Here, 4 DEmiRNAs and 11 hub genes were determined and confirmed in five mouse datasets, of which Bckdha and Vegfa were further verified in one human dataset and HPA, respectively. Moreover, Bckdha and Vegfa were also predicted by miR-125a-3p and miR-199a-5p, respectively, in humans as in mice. The sequences of miR-125a-3p and miR-199a-5p in mice were identical to those in humans. A total of 6 TFs were predicted to regulate Bckdha and Vegfa across mice and humans; then, a miRNA-mRNA-TF regulatory network was built. Subsequently, ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve value of Vegfa was 0.825 (p = 0.002). Finally, enalapril was identified to target Vegfa for RF therapy. Conclusion: Pax2, Pax5, Sp1, Sp2, Sp3, and Sp4 together with Bckdha-dependent miR-125a-3p/Vegfa-dependent miR-199a-5p formed a co-regulatory network enabling Bckdha/Vegfa to be tightly controlled in the underlying pathogenesis of RF across mice and humans. Vegfa could act as a potential novel diagnostic marker and might be targeted by enalapril for RF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Deng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gaosi Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qipeng Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Heyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Astore C, Zhou H, Ilkowski B, Forness J, Skolnick J. LeMeDISCO is a computational method for large-scale prediction & molecular interpretation of disease comorbidity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:870. [PMID: 36008469 PMCID: PMC9411158 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the origin of disease comorbidity and to identify the essential proteins and pathways underlying comorbid diseases, we developed LeMeDISCO (Large-Scale Molecular Interpretation of Disease Comorbidity), an algorithm that predicts disease comorbidities from shared mode of action proteins predicted by the artificial intelligence-based MEDICASCY algorithm. LeMeDISCO was applied to predict the occurrence of comorbid diseases for 3608 distinct diseases. Benchmarking shows that LeMeDISCO has much better comorbidity recall than the two molecular methods XD-score (44.5% vs. 6.4%) and the SAB score (68.6% vs. 8.0%). Its performance is somewhat comparable to the phenotype method-based Symptom Similarity Score, 63.7% vs. 100%, but LeMeDISCO works for far more cases and its large comorbidity recall is attributed to shared proteins that can help provide an understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) underlying disease comorbidity. The LeMeDISCO web server is available for academic users at: http://sites.gatech.edu/cssb/LeMeDISCO .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Astore
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hongyi Zhou
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Bartosz Ilkowski
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jessica Forness
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jeffrey Skolnick
- Center for the Study of Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miao C, Zhu X, Wei X, Long M, Jiang L, Li C, Jin D, Du Y. Pro- and anti-fibrotic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic kidney diseases. Ren Fail 2022; 44:881-892. [PMID: 35618410 PMCID: PMC9154791 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2079528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the inevitable common end-point of all progressive chronic kidney diseases. The underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis are complex, and currently there is no effective therapy against renal fibrosis. Renal microvascular rarefaction contributes to the progression of renal fibrosis; however, an imbalance between proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors leads to the loss of renal microvasculature. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most important pro-angiogenic factor. Recent studies have unraveled the involvement of VEGF in the regulation of renal microvascular rarefaction and fibrosis via various mechanisms; however, it is not clear whether it has anti-fibrotic or pro-fibrotic effect. This paper reviews the available evidence pertaining to the function of VEGF in the fibrotic process and explores the associated underlying mechanisms. Our synthesis will help identify the future research priorities for developing specialized treatments for alleviating or preventing renal fibrosis. Abbreviation: VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; VEGFR: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; AKI: acute kidney injury; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; α-SMA: α smooth muscle actin; UUO: unilateral ureteral obstruction; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β; PMT: pericyte-myofibroblast transition; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; nNOS: neuronal nitric oxide synthase; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; sGC: soluble guanylate cyclase; PKG: soluble guanylate cyclase dependent protein kinases; UP R: unfolded protein response
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengtuan Long
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Die Jin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Galvão RLDF, Meneses GC, Pinheiro MCC, Martins AMC, Daher EDF, Bezerra FSM. Kidney injury biomarkers and parasitic loads of Schistosoma mansoni in a highly endemic area in northeastern Brazil. Acta Trop 2022; 228:106311. [PMID: 35038425 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis affects approximately 240 million people worldwide. In Brazil, it is estimated that 1.5 million people are infected with Schistosoma mansoni and up to 15% of diagnosed individuals develop kidney damage. Renal involvement in schistosomiasis mansoni is characterized by glomerular lesions, with a high incidence, especially in chronically infected patients living in areas of high endemicity. Renal damage occurs slowly and is often asymptomatic, with a long-term manifestation of chronic kidney disease, with progressive loss of kidney functions, and early detection of subclinical kidney disease is of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate kidney damage in patients infected with S. mansoni through urinary biomarkers of kidney injury and their association with the different parasite loads found. The patients were divided into two groups based on the diagnosis of infection by S. mansoni by the Kato-Katz and IgG-ELISA-SEA method: group of individuals infected by S. mansoni, Kato-Katz positive (PG); and group of individuals not infected by S. mansoni, Kato-Katz-negative (NG). Urinary creatinine and albuminuria were determined by immunoturbidimetry and proteinuria by the colorimetric method. The urinary biomarkers of podocyte injury (VEGF and Nephrin) and glomerular inflammation (MCP-1) were quantified by immunoassay and expressed by the urinary creatinine ratio. Urinary VEGF showed significantly higher levels in PG compared to NG (p = 0.004), increasing at all intensities of infection including low parasite load (p = 0.020). Our results show increased signs of podocyte damage in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni regardless of the parasite load, evidenced by increased urinary VEGF levels. However, further studies are needed since data related to schistosomiasis glomerulopathy and its association with new urinary biomarkers of kidney injury are scarce in the literature.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang B, Li ZL, Zhang YL, Wen Y, Gao YM, Liu BC. Hypoxia and chronic kidney disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103942. [PMID: 35290825 PMCID: PMC8921539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is an inherent pathophysiological characteristic of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is closely associated with the development of renal inflammation and fibrosis, as well as CKD-related complications such as anaemia, cardiovascular events, and sarcopenia. This review outlined the characteristics of oxygen supply in the kidney, changes in oxygen metabolism and factors leading to hypoxia in CKD. Mechanistically, we discussed how hypoxia contributes to renal injury as well as complications associated with CKD. Furthermore, we also discussed the potential therapeutic approaches that target chronic hypoxia, as well as the challenges in the study of oxygen homeostasis imbalance in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wen
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ming Gao
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Li Y, Lyu L, Xiao L, Memon AA, Yu X, Halim A, Patel S, Osman A, Yin W, Jiang J, Naini S, Lim K, Zhang A, Williams JD, Koester R, Qi KZ, Fucci QA, Ding L, Chang S, Patel A, Mori Y, Chaudhari A, Bao A, Liu J, Lu TS, Siedlecki A. Integrin α5 Is Regulated by miR-218-5p in Endothelial Progenitor Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:565-582. [PMID: 35091451 PMCID: PMC8975065 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cell injury is a common nidus of renal injury in patients and consistent with the high prevalence of AKI reported during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This cell type expresses integrin α5 (ITGA5), which is essential to the Tie2 signaling pathway. The microRNA miR-218-5p is upregulated in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after hypoxia, but microRNA regulation of Tie2 in the EPC lineage is unclear. METHODS We isolated human kidney-derived EPCs (hkEPCs) and surveyed microRNA target transcripts. A preclinical model of ischemic kidney injury was used to evaluate the effect of hkEPCs on capillary repair. We used a genetic knockout model to evaluate the effect of deleting endogenous expression of miR-218 specifically in angioblasts. RESULTS After ischemic in vitro preconditioning, miR-218-5p was elevated in hkEPCs. We found miR-218-5p bound to ITGA5 mRNA transcript and decreased ITGA5 protein expression. Phosphorylation of 42/44 MAPK decreased by 73.6% in hkEPCs treated with miR-218-5p. Cells supplemented with miR-218-5p downregulated ITGA5 synthesis and decreased 42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. In a CD309-Cre/miR-218-2-LoxP mammalian model (a conditional knockout mouse model designed to delete pre-miR-218-2 exclusively in CD309+ cells), homozygotes at e18.5 contained avascular glomeruli, whereas heterozygote adults showed susceptibility to kidney injury. Isolated EPCs from the mouse kidney contained high amounts of ITGA5 and showed decreased migratory capacity in three-dimensional cell culture. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the critical regulatory role of miR-218-5p in kidney EPC migration, a finding that may inform efforts to treat microvascular kidney injury via therapeutic cell delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lingna Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Surgery and Oncology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aliza A. Memon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xin Yu
- Blood Transfusion Research Institute, Wuxi Red Cross Blood Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arvin Halim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shivani Patel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Wenqing Yin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Said Naini
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jonathan D. Williams
- DNA Identification Testing Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, North Carolina
| | - Ruth Koester
- DNA Identification Testing Division, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, Burlington, North Carolina
| | | | - Quynh-Anh Fucci
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lai Ding
- Program for Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven Chang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ankit Patel
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Advika Chaudhari
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aaron Bao
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jia Liu
- Shenzhen Jiake Biotechnology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tzong-Shi Lu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Siedlecki
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kongtasai T, Paepe D, Meyer E, Mortier F, Marynissen S, Stammeleer L, Defauw P, Daminet S. Renal biomarkers in cats: A review of the current status in chronic kidney disease. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:379-396. [PMID: 35218249 PMCID: PMC8965260 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum creatinine concentration, the classical biomarker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in cats, has important limitations that decrease its value as a biomarker of early CKD. Recently, serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration was introduced as a novel glomerular filtration rate biomarker for the early detection of CKD in cats. However, data on its specificity are still limited. The limitations of conventional biomarkers and the desire for early therapeutic intervention in cats with CKD to improve outcomes have prompted the discovery and validation of novel renal biomarkers to detect glomerular or tubular dysfunction. Changes in the serum or urinary concentrations of these biomarkers may indicate early kidney damage or predict the progression of kidney before changes in conventional biomarkers are detectable. This review summarizes current knowledge on renal biomarkers in CKD in cats, a field that has progressed substantially over the last 5 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thirawut Kongtasai
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sofie Marynissen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Lisa Stammeleer
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Pieter Defauw
- Lumbry Park Veterinary Specialists, Alton, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Spencer S, Wheeler-Jones C, Elliott J. Hypoxia and chronic kidney disease: Possible mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and relevance to cats. Vet J 2021; 274:105714. [PMID: 34252550 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2021.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that kidney ischaemia/hypoxia plays an important role in feline chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression, as well as in human disease and laboratory animal models. Ischaemic acute kidney injury is widely accepted as a cause of CKD in people and data from laboratory species has identified some of the pathways underlying this continuum. Experimental kidney ischaemia in cats results in morphological changes, namely chronic tubulointerstitial inflammation, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy, akin to those observed in naturally-occurring CKD. Multiple situations are envisaged that could result in acute or chronic episodes of kidney hypoxia in cats, while risk factors identified in epidemiological studies provide further support that kidney hypoxia contributes to spontaneously occurring feline CKD. This review evaluates the evidence for the role of kidney ischaemia/hypoxia in feline CKD and the proposed mechanisms and consequences of kidney hypoxia. As no effective treatments exist that substantially slow or prevent feline CKD progression, there is a need for novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting kidney hypoxia is one such promising approach, with therapies including those that attenuate the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway already being utilised in human CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spencer
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Caroline Wheeler-Jones
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jonathan Elliott
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Franzén S, Näslund E, Wang H, Frithiof R. Prevention of hemorrhage-induced renal vasoconstriction and hypoxia by angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism in pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 321:R12-R20. [PMID: 34009032 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00073.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (ANG II) is a potent vasoconstrictor and may reduce renal blood flow (RBF), causing renal hypoxia. Hypotensive hemorrhage elevates plasma ANG II levels and is associated with increased risk of acute kidney injury. We hypothesized that ANG II antagonism prevents renal vasoconstriction and hypoxia caused by hemorrhage. Pigs were anaesthetized, surgically prepared, and randomized to intravenous losartan (1.5 mg·kg-1·h-1, n = 8) or an equal volume of intravenous Ringer acetate (vehicle-treated, n = 8). Hemorrhage was induced by continuous aspiration of blood to reach and sustain mean arterial pressure of <50 mmHg for 30 min. Plasma ANG II levels, hemodynamics and oxygenation were assessed 60 min prehemorrhage, 30-min after the start of hemorrhage, and 60 min posthemorrhage. Erythropoietin mRNA was analyzed in cortical and medullary tissue sampled at the end of the experiment. Hypotensive hemorrhage increased plasma ANG II levels and decreased RBF and oxygen delivery in both groups. Losartan-treated animals recovered in RBF and oxygen delivery, whereas vehicle-treated animals had persistently reduced RBF and oxygen delivery. In accordance, renal vascular resistance increased over time post hemorrhage in vehicle-treated animals but was unchanged in losartan-treated animals. Renal oxygen extraction rate and cortical erythropoietin mRNA levels increased in the vehicle group but not in the losartan group. In conclusion, ANG II antagonism alleviates prolonged renal vasoconstriction and renal hypoxia in a large animal model of hypotensive hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Franzén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Centre for Research and Development, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Helen Wang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Infections and Defenses, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leierer J, Perco P, Hofer B, Eder S, Dzien A, Kerschbaum J, Rudnicki M, Mayer G. Coregulation Analysis of Mechanistic Biomarkers in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6885. [PMID: 34206927 PMCID: PMC8269435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common hereditary kidney disorder leading to deterioration of kidney function and end stage kidney disease (ESKD). A number of molecular processes are dysregulated in ADPKD but the exact mechanism of disease progression is not fully understood. We measured protein biomarkers being linked to ADPKD-associated molecular processes via ELISA in urine and serum in a cohort of ADPKD patients as well as age, gender and eGFR matched CKD patients and healthy controls. ANOVA and t-tests were used to determine differences between cohorts. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was performed to assess coregulation patterns of individual biomarkers and renal function. Urinary epidermal growth factor (EGF) and serum apelin (APLN) levels were significantly downregulated in ADPKD patients. Serum vascular endothelial growth factor alpha (VEGFA) and urinary angiotensinogen (AGT) were significantly upregulated in ADPKD patients as compared with healthy controls. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) was significantly upregulated in ADPKD patients as compared with CKD patients. Serum VEGFA and VIM concentrations were positively correlated and urinary EGF levels were negatively correlated with urinary AGT levels. Urinary EGF and AGT levels were furthermore significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in ADPKD patients. In summary, altered protein concentrations in body fluids of ADPKD patients were found for the mechanistic markers EGF, APLN, VEGFA, AGT, AVP, and VIM. In particular, the connection between EGF and AGT during progression of ADPKD warrants further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Benedikt Hofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Susanne Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | | | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (J.L.); (B.H.); (S.E.); (J.K.); (M.R.); (G.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Patel JC, Singh A, Tulswani R, Sharma YK, Khurana P, Ragumani S. Identification of VEGFA-centric temporal hypoxia-responsive dynamic cardiopulmonary network biomarkers. Life Sci 2021; 281:119718. [PMID: 34147483 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypoxia, a pathophysiological condition, is profound in several cardiopulmonary diseases (CPD). Every individual's lethality to a hypoxia state differs in terms of hypoxia exposure time, dosage units and dependent on the individual's genetic makeup. Most of the proposed markers for CPD were generally aim to distinguish disease samples from normal samples. Although, as per the 2018 GOLD guidelines, clinically useful biomarkers for several cardio pulmonary disease patients in stable condition have yet to be identified. We attempt to address these key issues through the identification of Dynamic Network Biomarkers (DNB) to detect hypoxia induced early warning signals of CPD before the catastrophic deterioration. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human microvascular endothelial tissues microarray datasets (GSE11341) of lung and cardiac expose to hypoxia (1% O2) for 3, 24 and 48 h were retrieved from the public repository. The time dependent differentially expressed genes were subjected to tissue specificity and promoter analysis to filtrate the noise levels in the networks and to dissect the tissue specific hypoxia induced genes. These filtered out genes were used to construct the dynamic segmentation networks. The hypoxia induced dynamic differentially expressed genes were validated in the lung and heart tissues of male rats. These rats were exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude of 25,000 or PO2 - 282 mm of Hg) progressively for 3, 24 and 48 h. KEY FINDINGS To identify the temporal key genes regulated in hypoxia, we ranked the dominant genes based on their consolidated topological features from tissue specific networks, time dependent networks and dynamic networks. Overall topological ranking described VEGFA as a single node dynamic hub and strongly communicated with tissue specific genes to carry forward their tissue specific information. We named this type of VEGFAcentric dynamic networks as "V-DNBs". As a proof of principle, our methodology helped us to identify the V-DNBs specific for lung and cardiac tissues namely V-DNBL and V-DNBC respectively. SIGNIFICANCE Our experimental studies identified VEGFA, SLC2A3, ADM and ENO2 as the minimum and sufficient candidates of V-DNBL. The dynamic expression patterns could be readily exploited to capture the pre disease state of hypoxia induced pulmonary vascular remodelling. Whereas in V-DNBC the minimum and sufficient candidates are VEGFA, SCL2A3, ADM, NDRG1, ENO2 and BHLHE40. The time dependent single node expansion indicates V-DNBC could also be the pre disease state pathological hallmark for hypoxia-associated cardiovascular remodelling. The network cross-talk and expression pattern between V-DNBL and V-DNBC are completely distinct. On the other hand, the great clinical advantage of V-DNBs for pre disease predictions, a set of samples during the healthy condition should suffice. Future clinical studies might further shed light on the predictive power of V-DNBs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for CPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jai Chand Patel
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Rajkumar Tulswani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Khurana
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sugadev Ragumani
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee D, Kang H, Yoon KY, Chang YY, Song HB. A mouse model of retinal hypoperfusion injury induced by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108275. [PMID: 32991884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retina, one of the highest oxygen demanding tissues, is vulnerable to vascular insufficiencies, and various ocular vascular disorders can cause chronic retinal ischemia. To investigate the pathophysiology, rodent models developed by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) have been utilized. However, mice lack posterior communicating arteries in the circle of Willis and cannot endure the brain ischemia induced by the bilateral occlusion. A mouse model to better reflect the localized ischemic stress in the retina without affecting the brain is still needed. Here, we established a mouse model of ischemic injury by permanent unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO). Adult male mice were subjected to UCCAO, and changes in the ipsilateral retina were examined in comparison with the contralateral retina. Delayed perfusion was observed in the ipsilateral retina right after the occlusion and was not recovered later on. Common features of retinal ischemia were observed: hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization; upregulation of hypoxia-responsive genes; altered levels of cytokines and chemokines. Activation of astrocytes and Müller cells in the inner retina was detected at day 2, and thinning of the inner retinal layer became significant at week 10. Together, our model can simulate retinal ischemia with morphological and molecular changes. It can be utilized to investigate pathophysiology of ischemic retinopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deokho Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heekyoung Kang
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Young Yoon
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Yi Chang
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Beom Song
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology and Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang T, Lih D, Nagao RJ, Xue J, Berthier E, Himmelfarb J, Zheng Y, Theberge AB. Open microfluidic coculture reveals paracrine signaling from human kidney epithelial cells promotes kidney specificity of endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F41-F51. [PMID: 32390509 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00069.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) from different human organs possess organ-specific characteristics that support specific tissue regeneration and organ development. EC specificity is identified by both intrinsic and extrinsic cues, among which the parenchyma and organ-specific microenvironment are critical contributors. These extrinsic cues are, however, largely lost during ex vivo cultures. Outstanding challenges remain to understand and reestablish EC organ specificity for in vitro studies to recapitulate human organ-specific physiology. Here, we designed an open microfluidic platform to study the role of human kidney tubular epithelial cells in supporting EC specificity. The platform consists of two independent cell culture regions segregated with a half wall; culture media are added to connect the two culture regions at a desired time point, and signaling molecules can travel across the half wall (paracrine signaling). Specifically, we report that in the microscale coculture device, primary human kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (HPTECs) rescued primary human kidney peritubular microvascular EC (HKMEC) monolayer integrity and fenestra formation and that HPTECs upregulated key HKMEC kidney-specific genes (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B, adherens junctions-associated protein 1, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 16) and endothelial activation genes (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, matrix metalloproteinase-7, and matrix metalloproteinase-10) in coculture. Coculturing with HPTECs also promoted kidney-specific genotype expression in human umbilical vein ECs and human pluripotent stem cell-derived ECs. Compared with culture in HPTEC conditioned media, coculture of ECs with HPTECs showed increased upregulation of kidney-specific genes, suggesting potential bidirectional paracrine signaling. Importantly, our device is compatible with standard pipettes, incubators, and imaging readouts and could also be easily adapted to study cell signaling between other rare or sensitive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Lih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan J Nagao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erwin Berthier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ashleigh B Theberge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang S, Breidenbach JD, Khalaf FK, Dube PR, Mohammed CJ, Lad A, Stepkowski S, Hinds TD, Kumarasamy S, Kleinhenz A, Tian J, Malhotra D, Kennedy DJ, Cooper CJ, Haller ST. Renal Fibrosis Is Significantly Attenuated Following Targeted Disruption of Cd40 in Experimental Renal Ischemia. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e014072. [PMID: 32200719 PMCID: PMC7428653 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal artery stenosis is a common cause of renal ischemia, contributing to the development of chronic kidney disease. To investigate the role of local CD40 expression in renal artery stenosis, Goldblatt 2‐kidney 1‐clip surgery was performed on hypertensive Dahl salt‐sensitive rats (S rats) and genetically modified S rats in which CD40 function is abolished (Cd40mutant). Methods and Results Four weeks following the 2‐kidney 1‐clip procedure, Cd40mutant rats demonstrated significantly reduced blood pressure and renal fibrosis in the ischemic kidneys compared with S rat controls. Similarly, disruption of Cd40 resulted in reduced 24‐hour urinary protein excretion in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (46.2±1.9 versus 118.4±5.3 mg/24 h; P<0.01), as well as protection from oxidative stress, as indicated by increased paraoxonase activity in Cd40mutant rats versus S rat controls (P<0.01). Ischemic kidneys from Cd40mutant rats demonstrated a significant decrease in gene expression of the profibrotic mediator, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (P<0.05), and the proinflammatory mediators, C‐C motif chemokine ligand 19 (P<0.01), C‐X‐C Motif Chemokine Ligand 9 (P<0.01), and interleukin‐6 receptor (P<0.001), compared with S rat ischemic kidneys, as assessed by quantitative PCR assay. Reciprocal renal transplantation documented that CD40 exclusively expressed in the kidney contributes to ischemia‐induced renal fibrosis. Furthermore, human CD40‐knockout proximal tubule epithelial cells suggested that suppression of CD40 signaling significantly inhibited expression of proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic genes. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that activation of CD40 induces a significant proinflammatory and ‐fibrotic response and represents an attractive therapeutic target for treatment of ischemic renal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shungang Zhang
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Joshua D. Breidenbach
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Prabhatchandra R. Dube
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Chrysan J. Mohammed
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Apurva Lad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Stanislaw Stepkowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Terry D. Hinds
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Andrew Kleinhenz
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Jiang Tian
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Christopher J. Cooper
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Schley G, Klanke B, Kalucka J, Schatz V, Daniel C, Mayer M, Goppelt-Struebe M, Herrmann M, Thorsteinsdottir M, Palsson R, Beneke A, Katschinski DM, Burzlaff N, Eckardt KU, Weidemann A, Jantsch J, Willam C. Mononuclear phagocytes orchestrate prolyl hydroxylase inhibition-mediated renoprotection in chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis. Kidney Int 2019; 96:378-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Perco P, Ju W, Kerschbaum J, Leierer J, Menon R, Zhu C, Kretzler M, Mayer G, Rudnicki M. Identification of dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase as a therapeutic target in human chronic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128120. [PMID: 31217356 PMCID: PMC6629103 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An imbalance of nephroprotective factors and renal damaging molecules contributes to development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated associations of renoprotective factor gene expression patterns with CKD severity and outcome. Gene expression profiles of 197 previously reported renoprotective factors were analyzed in a discovery cohort in renal biopsies of 63 CKD patients. Downregulation of dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase (DCXR) showed the strongest association with disease progression. This significant association was validated in an independent set of 225 patients with nephrotic syndrome from the multicenter NEPTUNE cohort. Reduced expression of DCXR was significantly associated with degree of histological damage as well as with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and increased urinary protein levels. DCXR downregulation in CKD was confirmed in 3 publicly available transcriptomics data sets in the context of CKD. Expression of DCXR showed positive correlations to enzymes that are involved in dicarbonyl stress detoxification based on transcriptomics profiles. The sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors canagliflozin and empagliflozin showed a beneficial effect on renal proximal tubular cells under diabetic stimuli-enhanced DCXR gene expression. In summary, lower expression of the renoprotective factor DCXR in renal tissue is associated with more severe disease and worse outcome in human CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Julia Kerschbaum
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rajasree Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Catherine Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaminski J, Hannaert P, Kasil A, Thuillier R, Leize E, Delpy E, Steichen C, Goujon JM, Zal F, Hauet T. Efficacy of the natural oxygen transporter HEMO 2 life ® in cold preservation in a preclinical porcine model of donation after cardiac death. Transpl Int 2019; 32:985-996. [PMID: 30924562 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growing use of marginal organs for transplantation pushes current preservation methods toward their limits, and the need for improvement is pressing. We previously demonstrated the benefits of M101, a natural extracellular oxygen carrier compatible with hypothermia, for the preservation of healthy renal grafts in a porcine model of autotransplantation. Herein, we use a variant of this preclinical model to evaluate M101 potential benefits both in static cold storage (CS) and in machine perfusion (MP) preservation in the transplantation outcomes for marginal kidneys. In the CS arm, despite the absence of obvious benefits within the first 2 weeks of follow-up, M101 dose-dependently improved long-term function, normalizing creatininemia after 1 and 3 months. In the MP arm, M101 improved short- and long-term functional outcomes as well as tissue integrity. Importantly, we provide evidence for the additivity of MP and M101 functional effects, showing that the addition of the compound further improves organ preservation, by reducing short-term function loss, with no loss of function or tissue integrity recorded throughout the follow-up. Extending previous observations with healthy kidneys, the present results point at the M101 oxygen carrier as a viable strategy to improve current organ preservation methods in marginal organ transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Kaminski
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Patrick Hannaert
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Abdelsalam Kasil
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Raphael Thuillier
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Eric Delpy
- Aéropôle Centre, HEMARINA, Morlaix, France
| | - Clara Steichen
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Jean Michel Goujon
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Franck Zal
- Aéropôle Centre, HEMARINA, Morlaix, France
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Inserm U1082, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service de Biochimie, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire SUPORT, Poitiers, France.,Département de Génétique Animale, INRA, Plate-forme IBiSA, GENESI, Domaine du Magneraud, Surgères, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tubuloids derived from human adult kidney and urine for personalized disease modeling. Nat Biotechnol 2019; 37:303-313. [PMID: 30833775 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-019-0048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult stem cell-derived organoids are three-dimensional epithelial structures that recapitulate fundamental aspects of their organ of origin. We describe conditions for the long-term growth of primary kidney tubular epithelial organoids, or 'tubuloids'. The cultures are established from human and mouse kidney tissue and can be expanded for at least 20 passages (>6 months) while retaining a normal number of chromosomes. In addition, cultures can be established from human urine. Human tubuloids represent proximal as well as distal nephron segments, as evidenced by gene expression, immunofluorescence and tubular functional analyses. We apply tubuloids to model infectious, malignant and hereditary kidney diseases in a personalized fashion. BK virus infection of tubuloids recapitulates in vivo phenomena. Tubuloids are established from Wilms tumors. Kidney tubuloids derived from the urine of a subject with cystic fibrosis allow ex vivo assessment of treatment efficacy. Finally, tubuloids cultured on microfluidic organ-on-a-chip plates adopt a tubular conformation and display active (trans-)epithelial transport function.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhao J, Meng M, Zhang J, Li L, Zhu X, Zhang L, Wang C, Gao M. Astaxanthin ameliorates renal interstitial fibrosis and peritubular capillary rarefaction in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3168-3178. [PMID: 30816496 PMCID: PMC6423568 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of peritubular capillaries is a notable feature of progressive renal interstitial fibrosis. Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural carotenoid with various biological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of ASX on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‑induced renal fibrosis in mice. For that purpose, mice were randomly divided into five treatment groups: Sham, ASX 100 mg/kg, UUO, UUO + ASX 50 mg/kg and UUO + ASX 100 mg/kg. ASX was administered to the mice for 7 or 14 days following UUO. The results demonstrated that UUO‑induced histopathological changes in the kidney tissue were prevented by ASX. Renal function was improved by ASX treatment, as evidenced by decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. Furthermore, the extent of renal fibrosis and collagen deposition induced by UUO was suppressed by ASX. The levels of collagen I, fibronectin and α‑smooth muscle actin were increased by UUO in mice or by transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1 treatment in NRK‑52E cells, and were reduced by ASX administration. In addition, ASX inhibited the UUO‑induced decrease in peritubular capillary density by upregulating vascular endothelial growth factor and downregulating thrombospondin 1 levels. Inactivation of the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway was involved in the anti‑fibrotic mechanism of ASX in UUO mice and TGF‑β1‑treated NRK‑52E cells. In conclusion, ASX attenuated renal interstitial fibrosis and peritubular capillary rarefaction via inactivation of the TGF‑β1/Smad signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Meixia Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Validation of systems biology derived molecular markers of renal donor organ status associated with long term allograft function. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6974. [PMID: 29725116 PMCID: PMC5934379 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Donor organ quality affects long term outcome after renal transplantation. A variety of prognostic molecular markers is available, yet their validity often remains undetermined. A network-based molecular model reflecting donor kidney status based on transcriptomics data and molecular features reported in scientific literature to be associated with chronic allograft nephropathy was created. Significantly enriched biological processes were identified and representative markers were selected. An independent kidney pre-implantation transcriptomics dataset of 76 organs was used to predict estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values twelve months after transplantation using available clinical data and marker expression values. The best-performing regression model solely based on the clinical parameters donor age, donor gender, and recipient gender explained 17% of variance in post-transplant eGFR values. The five molecular markers EGF, CD2BP2, RALBP1, SF3B1, and DDX19B representing key molecular processes of the constructed renal donor organ status molecular model in addition to the clinical parameters significantly improved model performance (p-value = 0.0007) explaining around 33% of the variability of eGFR values twelve months after transplantation. Collectively, molecular markers reflecting donor organ status significantly add to prediction of post-transplant renal function when added to the clinical parameters donor age and gender.
Collapse
|
25
|
Perco P, Mayer G. Endogenous factors and mechanisms of renoprotection and renal repair. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48:e12914. [PMID: 29460289 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance between renal damaging molecules and nephroprotective factors contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases. Molecules with renoprotective properties might serve as biomarkers, drug targets as well as therapeutic options themselves. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this review, we generated a set of renoprotective factors based on GeneRIF (Gene Reference Into Function) information available at NCBI's PubMed. The final set of manually curated renoprotective factors was investigated with respect to tissue-specific expression, subcellular location distribution and involvement in biological processes using information from gene ontology as well as information from protein-protein interaction databases. We furthermore investigated the factors in the context of clinical trials of renal disease and diabetes. RESULTS One hundred and ninety-three factors could be retrieved from the set of GeneRIFs on nephroprotection and renal repair. A large number of factors were either secretory molecules or plasma membrane receptors. Next to the elevated expression in renal tissue, also higher expression in connective tissue and pancreas was observed. The proteins could be assigned to the broad functional categories of cell proliferation and signalling, inflammatory response, apoptosis, blood pressure regulation as well as cellular response to different kinds of insults such as hypoxia, heat or mechanical stimulus. Eight factors are studied in clinical trials with additional ones being targeted by compounds. CONCLUSIONS We have generated a set of renoprotective factors based on the literature information, which was functionally annotated and evaluated with respect to tested compounds in kidney disease and diabetes clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Perco
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Renovascular disease (RVD), which is prevalent in the elderly, significantly increases cardiovascular risk and can progressively deteriorate renal function. The loss of renal function in patients with RVD is associated with a progressive dysfunction, damage, and loss of renal microvessels, which can be combined with decreased renal bioavailability of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a defective vascular repair and proliferation. This association has been the impetus for recent efforts that have focused on developing methods to stop the progression of renal injury by protecting the renal microvasculature. This mini-review focuses on recent studies supporting potential applications of VEGF therapy for the kidney and discusses underlying mechanisms of renoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Guise
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi.,Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruge T, Carlsson AC, Larsson A, Ärnlöv J. Endostatin: a promising biomarker in the cardiovascular continuum? Biomark Med 2017; 11:905-916. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current review article aims to provide an up-to-date summary of previous studies in humans that have reported the association between circulating endostatin levels and different cardiovascular phenotypes. We also aim to provide suggestions for future directions of future research evaluating endostatin as a clinically relevant cardiovascular biomarker. With a few exceptions, higher circulating levels of endostatin seem to reflect vascular and myocardial damage, and a worsened prognosis for cardiovascular events or mortality in individuals with hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, as well as in the general population. Circulating endostatin seems to be a promising biomarker for cardiovascular pathology, but there is not enough evidence to date to support the use of endostatin measurements in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Axel C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine & Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- Division of Family Medicine & Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- School of Health & Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zepeda-Orozco D, Wen HM, Hamilton BA, Raikwar NS, Thomas CP. EGF regulation of proximal tubule cell proliferation and VEGF-A secretion. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/18/e13453. [PMID: 28963126 PMCID: PMC5617933 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximal tubule cell (PTC) proliferation is critical for tubular regeneration and recovery from acute kidney injury. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF‐A) are important for the maintenance of tubulointerstitial integrity and can stimulate PTC proliferation. We utilized HK‐2 cells, an immortalized human PTC line, to characterize the EGF‐dependent regulation of VEGF‐A secretion and proliferation in PTCs. We demonstrate that EGF stimulates VEGF‐A secretion via the EGF receptor (EGFR) and stimulates cell proliferation via activation of the VEGF receptor, VEGFR‐2. EGFR activation promotes MAPK (ERK1/2) activation and HIF‐1α expression, which are required for basal and EGF‐stimulated VEGF‐A secretion. EGF also stimulates the phosphorylation of P70S6 kinase (P70S6K), the downstream target of mTORC1. Rapamycin decreased basal and EGF stimulated HIF‐1α and enhanced MAPK (ERK1/2) activation, while MAPK (ERK/12) inhibition downregulated HIF‐1α expression and the phosphorylation of p70S6K. EGF stimulation of p70S6K was also independent of p‐AKT. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway with rapamycin abolished phosphorylation of p70S6K but had no effect on VEGF‐A secretion, indicating that EGF‐stimulated VEGF‐A secretion did not require mTORC1 pathway activation. We demonstrate evidence of a complex crosstalk between the MAPK/ERK and mTORC1 pathways, wherein MAPK (ERK1/2) activation stimulates p‐P70S6K, while p‐P70S6K activation seems to inhibit MAPK (ERK1/2) in EGF‐treated HK‐2 cells. Our results suggest that EGF stimulates MAPK (ERK1/2) in HK‐2 cells, which in turn increases HIF‐1α expression and VEGF‐A secretion, indicating that VEGF‐A mediates EGF‐stimulated cell proliferation as an autocrine proximal tubular epithelial cell growth factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zepeda-Orozco
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Hsiang M Wen
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Bradley A Hamilton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nandita S Raikwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christie P Thomas
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luque Y, Lenoir O, Bonnin P, Hardy L, Chipont A, Placier S, Vandermeersch S, Xu-Dubois YC, Robin B, Lazareth H, Souyri M, Guyonnet L, Baudrie V, Camerer E, Rondeau E, Mesnard L, Tharaux PL. Endothelial Epas1 Deficiency Is Sufficient To Promote Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation and FSGS in Experimental Hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3563-3578. [PMID: 28928136 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016090960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
FSGS, the most common primary glomerular disorder causing ESRD, is a complex disease that is only partially understood. Progressive sclerosis is a hallmark of FSGS, and genetic tracing studies have shown that parietal epithelial cells participate in the formation of sclerotic lesions. The loss of podocytes triggers a focal activation of parietal epithelial cells, which subsequently form cellular adhesions with the capillary tuft. However, in the absence of intrinsic podocyte alterations, the origin of the pathogenic signal that triggers parietal epithelial cell recruitment remains elusive. In this study, investigation of the role of the endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1), a regulatory α subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor complex, during angiotensin II-induced hypertensive nephropathy provided novel insights into FSGS pathogenesis in the absence of a primary podocyte abnormality. We infused angiotensin II into endothelial-selective Epas1 knockout mice and their littermate controls. Although the groups presented with identical high BP, endothelial-specific Epas1 gene deletion accentuated albuminuria with severe podocyte lesions and recruitment of pathogenic parietal glomerular epithelial cells. These lesions and dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier were associated with FSGS in endothelial Epas1-deficient mice only. These results indicate that endothelial EPAS1 has a global protective role during glomerular hypertensive injuries without influencing the hypertensive effect of angiotensin II. Furthermore, these findings provide proof of principle that endothelial-derived signaling can trigger FSGS and illustrate the potential importance of the EPAS1 endothelial transcription factor in secondary FSGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosu Luque
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155.,University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Department of Physiology, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche 965, and
| | | | - Anna Chipont
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Yi-Chun Xu-Dubois
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155
| | - Blaise Robin
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Lazareth
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Souyri
- Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Léa Guyonnet
- National Cytometry Platform, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; and
| | | | - Eric Camerer
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC).,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Rondeau
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155.,University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155.,University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Center (PARCC), .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Carlsson AC, Östgren CJ, Länne T, Larsson A, Nystrom FH, Ärnlöv J. The association between endostatin and kidney disease and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2016; 42:351-357. [PMID: 27080454 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Circulating endostatin, a biologically active derivate of collagen XVIII, is considered to be a marker of kidney disease and a risk factor for its related mortality. However, less is known of the role of endostatin in diabetes and the development of diabetic nephropathy. For this reason, our study investigated the associations between circulating endostatin and the prevalence and progression of kidney disease, and its mortality risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS This was a cohort study of 607 patients with T2D (mean age: 61 years, 44% women). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) creatinine equation, was used to assess the patients' kidney function decline and mortality. RESULTS Of the total study cohort, 20 patients declined by ≥20% in eGFR over 4 years, and 44 died during the follow-up (mean duration: 6.7 years). At baseline, participants with diabetic nephropathy (defined as eGFR<60mL/min/1.73m2) and/or microalbuminuria [defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)>3g/mol] had higher median levels of endostatin than those without nephropathy (62.7μg/L vs 57.4μg/L, respectively; P=0.031). In longitudinal analyses adjusted for age, gender, baseline eGFR and ACR, higher endostatin levels were associated with a higher risk of decline (≥20% in eGFR, OR per 1 SD increase: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.13-2.65) and a higher risk of mortality (HR per 1 SD increase: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19-2.07). CONCLUSION In patients with T2D, circulating endostatin levels can predict the progression of kidney disease and mortality independently of established kidney disease markers. The clinical usefulness of endostatin as a risk marker in such patients merits further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Carlsson
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - C J Östgren
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Länne
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - F H Nystrom
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - J Ärnlöv
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rudnicki M, Beckers A, Neuwirt H, Vandesompele J. RNA expression signatures and posttranscriptional regulation in diabetic nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016. [PMID: 26209736 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the integration of molecular approaches including transcriptome and miRNome analyses uncovered pathological mechanisms involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Using these techniques, molecular marker candidates [both messenger RNA (mRNA) and miRNA] have also been identified which may enable the characterization of patients at high risk for progression to end-stage renal disease. The results of such studies are urgently needed for a molecular definition of DN and for targeted treatment to improve patient care. The heterogeneity of kidney tissue and the minute amounts of RNA isolated from renal biopsies remain a challenge for omics-studies. Nevertheless, several studies have succeeded in the identification of RNA expression signatures in patients with diabetes and kidney disease. These studies show a reduced expression of growth factors such as VEGF and EGF, and an increased expression of matrix components and matrix-modulating enzymes, an activation of specific NF-κB modules, inflammatory pathways and the complement system. microRNAs are involved in the fine-tuning of mRNA abundance by binding to the 3' untranslated region of a target mRNA, which leads in most cases to translational repression or mRNA cleavage and a decrease in protein output. Here, we review the platforms used for miRNA expression profiling and ways to predict miRNA targets and functions. Several miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of DN (e.g. miR-21, miR-192, miR-215, miR-216a, miR-29, let-7, miR-25, miR-93, etc.). Functional studies provide evidence that miRNAs are not only diagnostic tools but also represent potential therapeutic targets in DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rudnicki
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV - Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Harvey TW, Engel JE, Chade AR. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Podocyte Protection in Chronic Hypoxia: Effects of Endothelin-A Receptor Antagonism. Am J Nephrol 2016; 43:74-84. [PMID: 26930122 DOI: 10.1159/000444719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes are major components of the filtration barrier and a renal source of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Chronic renovascular disease (RVD) progressively degrades the renal function, accompanied by podocyte damage and a progressive reduction in VEGF. We showed that the endothelin (ET) pathway contributes to this pathological process and ET-A (but not ET-B) receptor antagonism protects the kidney in RVD. We hypothesize that ET-A-induced renoprotection is largely driven by the protection of podocyte integrity and function. METHODS To mimic the renal environment of chronic RVD, human podocytes were incubated under chronic hypoxia for 96 h and divided in untreated or treated with an ET-A or ET-B receptor antagonist. Cells were quantified after 96 h. Cell homogenates and media were obtained after 1, 24 and 96 h to quantify production of VEGF, anti-VEGF soluble receptor s-Flt1, and the expression of apoptotic mediators. A separate set of similar experiments was performed after addition of a VEGF-neutralizing antibody (VEGF-NA). RESULTS Hypoxia decreased podocyte number, which was exacerbated by ET-B but improved after ET-A antagonism. Production of VEGF was preserved by ET-A antagonism, whereas s-Flt1 increased in hypoxic cells after ET-B antagonism only, accompanied by a greater expression of pro-apoptotic mediators. On the other hand, treatment with VEGF-NA diminished ET-A-induced protection of podocytes. CONCLUSION ET-A antagonism preserves podocyte viability and integrity under chronic hypoxia, whereas ET-B antagonism exacerbates podocyte dysfunction and death. Enhanced bioavailability of VEGF after ET-A antagonism could be a pivotal mechanism of podocyte protection that significantly contributes to ET-A receptor blockade-induced renal recovery in chronic RVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W Harvey
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss., USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Expanding roles of the hypoxia-response network in chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol 2016; 20:835-844. [PMID: 26857707 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-016-1241-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies over the last two decades have established tubulointerstitial hypoxia as a final common pathway leading to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequently associated with various degrees of hypoxic injury in distinct tubular segments, depending on the etiology and pathological stages, which constitutes an intricate link among inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Resident cells in the kidney are equipped with mechanisms through which they cope with hypoxia. Here, transcription of genes by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) plays a central role. In the ischemic kidney, HIF-1 is expressed in tubular and glomerular epithelial cells and in papillary interstitial cells, whereas HIF-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and interstitial fibroblasts. There is ample evidence that HIF protects the kidney from acute ischemic damage. In CKD, studies suggest that the function of HIF may be suppressed because of factors, such as oxidative stress and uremia, which may underlie the pathogenesis of both CKD and co-existing problems, such as renal anemia. Based on these observations, efforts are in progress to test whether restoration and activation of HIF might protect the kidney from CKD. Initial studies using non-specific or supraphysiological HIF activation suggested that the role of HIF may be multifactorial and depend on pathological context. On the other hand, specific HIF stabilizers, such as prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors, are being developed for the treatment of renal anemia. Application of these compounds in experimental CKD may override those previous findings and provide deeper insight into the roles of hypoxia and oxygen-sensing pathways.
Collapse
|
34
|
Olfert IM. Physiological Capillary Regression is not Dependent on Reducing VEGF Expression. Microcirculation 2016; 23:146-56. [PMID: 26660949 PMCID: PMC4744091 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations into physiologically controlled capillary regression report the provocative finding that microvessel regression occurs in the face of persistent elevation of skeletal muscle VEGF expression. TSP-1, a negative angiogenic regulator, is increasingly being observed to temporally correlate with capillary regression, suggesting that increased TSP-1 (and not reduction in VEGF per se) is needed to initiate, and likely regulate, capillary regression. Based on evidence being gleaned from physiologically mediated regression of capillaries, it needs to be recognized that capillary regression (and perhaps capillary rarefaction with disease) is not simply the reversal of factors used to stimulate angiogenesis. Rather, the conceptual understanding that angiogenesis and capillary regression each have specific and unique requirements that are biologically constrained to opposite sides of the balance between positive and negative angioregulatory factors may shed light on why anti-VEGF therapies have not lived up to the promise in reversing angiogenesis and providing the cure that many had hoped toward fighting cancer. Emerging evidence from physiological controlled angiogenesis suggest that cases involving excessive or uncontrolled capillary expansion may be best treated by therapies designed to increase expression of negative angiogenic regulators, whereas those involving capillary rarefaction may benefit from inhibiting negative regulators (like TSP-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Mark Olfert
- Division of Exercise Physiology, Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia Clinical and Translational Science Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schindler K, Bondeva T, Schindler C, Claus RA, Franke S, Wolf G. Preconditioned suppression of prolyl-hydroxylases attenuates renal injury but increases mortality in septic murine models. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31:1100-13. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
|
36
|
Bertinat R, Silva P, Mann E, Li X, Nualart F, Yáñez AJ. In vivo sodium tungstate treatment prevents E-cadherin loss induced by diabetic serum in HK-2 cell line. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2437-46. [PMID: 25728412 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, which is the result of chronic accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by activated fibroblasts in the renal tubulointerstitium. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs), through the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are the source of fibroblasts within the interstitial space, and loss of E-cadherin has shown to be one of the earliest steps in this event. Here, we studied the effect of the anti-diabetic agent sodium tungstate (NaW) in the loss of E-cadherin induced by transforming growth factor (TGF) β-1, the best-characterized in vitro EMT promoter, and serum from untreated or NaW-treated diabetic rats in HK-2 cell line, a model of human kidney PTEC. Our results showed that both TGFβ-1 and serum from diabetic rat induced a similar reduction in E-cadherin expression. However, E-cadherin loss induced by TGFβ-1 was not reversed by NaW, whereas sera from NaW-treated rats were able to protect HK-2 cells. Searching for soluble mediators of NaW effect, we compared secretion of TGFβ isoforms and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, which have opposite actions on EMT. One millimolar NaW alone reduced secretion of both TGFβ-1 and -2, and stimulated secretion of VEGF-A after 48 h. However, these patterns of secretion were not observed after diabetic rat serum treatment, suggesting that protection from E-cadherin loss by serum from NaW-treated diabetic rats originates from an indirect rather than a direct effect of this salt on HK-2 cells, via a mechanism independent of TGFβ and VEGF-A functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Bertinat
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA)-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Elizabeth Mann
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xuhang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Francisco Nualart
- Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA)-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yáñez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CMA)-Bío Bío, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fernández-Martínez AB, Lucio-Cazaña FJ. Transactivation of EGFR by prostaglandin E2 receptors: a nuclear story? Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2187-98. [PMID: 25516021 PMCID: PMC11113541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the kidney has therapeutic interest. Although it is assumed that prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) exerts its biological effects from the extracellular medium through activation of EP receptors located at the cell membrane, we have shown in human renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells (and other cell lines) that intracellular PGE(2) regulates the expression of HIF-1α expression and the production of VEGF-A. Here, we have found--through experiments involving EP receptors agonists, EP receptor gene silencing and inhibition of the prostaglandin uptake transporter--that these biological effects of PGE(2) are mediated by intracellular EP(2) receptors. In sharp contrast with cell membrane EP(2), whose activation results in increased production of cAMP, intracellular EP(2) signaling was independent of cAMP. Instead, it involved c-src-dependent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor, which led to p38/ERK1/2-dependent activation of mitogen- and stress-activated kinase-1 (MSK-1) and to MSK-1-dependent-histone H3 phosphorylation and transcriptional up-regulation of retinoic acid receptor-β. Even more important, this signaling pathway was fully reproduced in nuclei isolated from HK-2 cell, which highlights the relevance of nuclear EP receptors in the up-regulation of HIF-1α. These results open the possibility that signal cascades that proceed entirely in the cell nucleus might be responsible for several PGE(2) effects that are assumed to be due to cell membrane EP receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana B Fernández-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871, Madrid, Spain,
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
ZHU TIECHUI, YANG JUN, LIU XIANGDONG, ZHANG LIANYUN, ZHANG JIE, WANG YONGTAO, MA HAIJUN, REN ZHENHUI. Hypoxia-inducible adrenomedullin ameliorates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human proximal tubular epithelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:3760-6. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
39
|
Neuwirt H, Perco P, Kainz A, Mühlberger I, Leierer J, Braniff SJ, Mayer B, Mayer G, Rudnicki M. A 3-biomarker-panel predicts renal outcome in patients with proteinuric renal diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:75. [PMID: 25540021 PMCID: PMC4301948 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-014-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and histological parameters are valid prognostic markers in renal disease, although they may show considerable interindividual variability and sometimes limited prognostic value. Novel molecular markers and pathways have the potential to increase the predictive prognostic value of the so called "traditional markers". METHODS Transcriptomics profiles from laser-capture microdissected proximal tubular epithelial cells from routine kidney biopsies were correlated with a chronic renal damage index score (CREDI), an inflammation score (INSCO), and clinical parameters. We used data from 20 renal biopsies with various proteinuric renal diseases with a median follow-up of 49 months (discovery cohort). For validation we performed microarrays from whole kidney biopsies from a second cohort consisting of 16 patients with a median follow-up time of 28 months (validation cohort). RESULTS 562 genes correlated with the CREDI score and 285 genes correlated with the INSCO panel, respectively. 39 CREDI and 90 INSCO genes also correlated with serum creatinine at follow-up. After hierarchical clustering we identified 5 genes from the CREDI panel, and 10 genes from the INSCO panel, respectively, which showed kidney specific gene expression. After exclusion of genes, which correlated to each other by > 50% we identified VEGF-C from the CREDI panel and BMP7, THBS1, and TRIB1 from the INSCO panel. Traditional markers for chronic kidney disease progression and inflammation score predicted 44% of the serum creatinine variation at follow-up. VEGF-C did not further enhance the predictive value, but BMP7, THBS1 and TRIB1 together predicted 94% of the serum creatinine at follow up (p < 0.0001). The model was validated in a second cohort of patients yielding also a significant prediction of follow up creatinine (48%, p = 0.0115). CONCLUSION We identified and validated a panel of three genes in kidney biopsies which predicted serum creatinine at follow-up and therefore might serve as biomarkers for kidney disease progression.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ruge T, Carlsson AC, Larsson TE, Carrero JJ, Larsson A, Lind L, Ärnlöv J. Endostatin level is associated with kidney injury in the elderly: findings from two community-based cohorts. Am J Nephrol 2014; 40:417-24. [PMID: 25401956 DOI: 10.1159/000369076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the associations between circulating endostatin and the different aspects of renal dysfunction, namely, estimated (cystatin C) glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR). METHODS Two independent longitudinal community-based cohorts of elderly. ULSAM, n = 786 men; age 78 years; median GFR 74 ml/min/1.73 m(2); median ACR 0.80 mg/mmol); and PIVUS, n = 815; age 75 years; 51% women; median GFR; 67 ml/min/1.73 m(2); median ACR 1.39 mg/mmol. Cross-sectional associations between the endostatin levels and GFR as well as ACR, and longitudinal association between endostatin at baseline and incident CKD (defined as GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) were assessed. RESULTS In cross-sectional regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors, serum endostatin was negatively associated with GFR (ULSAM: B-coefficient per SD increase -0.51, 95% CI (-0.57, -0.45), p < 0.001; PIVUS -0.47, 95% CI (-0.54, -0.41), p < 0.001) and positively associated with ACR (ULSAM: B-coefficient per SD increase 0.24, 95% CI (0.15, 0.32), p < 0.001; PIVUS 0.13, 95% CI (0.06-0.20), p < 0.001) in both cohorts. Moreover, in longitudinal multivariable analyses, higher endostatin levels were associated with increased risk for incident CKD defined as GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) at re-investigations in both ULSAM (odds ratio per SD increase of endostatin 1.39 (95% CI 1.01-1.90) and PIVUS 1.68 (95% CI 1.36-2.07)). CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating endostatin is associated with lower GFR and higher albuminuria and independently predicts incident CKD in elderly subjects. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking endostatin to kidney pathology, and to evaluate the clinical relevance of our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toralph Ruge
- Department of Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Chronic progressive renal fibrosis leads to end-stage renal failure many patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Loss of the rich peritubular capillary network is a prominent feature, and seems independent of the specific underlying disease. The mechanisms that contribute to peritubular capillary regression include the loss of glomerular perfusion, as flow-dependent shear forces are required to provide the survival signal for endothelial cells. Also, reduced endothelial cell survival signals from sclerotic glomeruli and atrophic or injured tubule epithelial cells contribute to peritubular capillary regression. In response to direct tubular epithelial cell injury, and the inflammatory reaction that ensues, capillary pericytes dissociate from their blood vessels, also reducing endothelial cell survival. In addition, direct inflammatory injury of capillary endothelial cells, for instance in chronic allograft nephropathy, also contributes to capillary dropout. Chronic tissue hypoxia, which ensues from the rarefaction of the peritubular capillary network, can generate both an angiogenic and a fibrogenic response. However, in CKD, the balance is strongly tipped toward fibrogenesis. Understanding the underlying mechanisms for failed angiogenesis in CKD and harnessing endothelial-specific survival and pro-angiogenic mechanisms for therapy should be our goal if we are to reduce the disease burden from CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marya Obeidat
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Delpech PO, Thuillier R, Le Pape S, Rossard L, Jayle C, Billault C, Goujon JM, Hauet T. Effects of warm ischaemia combined with cold preservation on the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α pathway in an experimental renal autotransplantation model. Br J Surg 2014; 101:1739-50. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The increased use of marginal donors highlights the importance of organ quality in transplantation and the identification of prognostic biomarkers. This experimental study investigated modulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α pathway in kidney grafts in relation to different degrees of ischaemia.
Methods
In a porcine autotransplantation model, two different kidney graft protocols were compared: standard 24-h cold storage (CS) and 24-h CS preceded by 1 h warm ischaemia (WI + CS). The renal HIF-1α pathway and tubular dedifferentiation were analysed in the early phase of reperfusion and at 3 months.
Results
There was a relationship between the degree of ischaemic injury and the outcome of the kidney graft. During the first week of reperfusion, WI + CS grafts showed a higher degree of injury. The observed tubular dedifferentiation was associated with delayed HIF-1α expression, and with loss of its role in transcription. In highly injured kidneys, deregulation of the HIF-1α pathway was also observed in the chronic phase, with reduced production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) A, and upregulation of VEGF receptor 1 (Flt-1) and thrombospondin 1. In addition, these kidneys displayed altered kidney histology and decreased function.
Conclusion
The HIF-1α pathway appears to be abolished early in response to severe ischaemia. A high degree of ischaemic injury also results in chronic activation of the HIF-1α pathway, diverting it away from the beneficial activation of angiogenesis. Further studies on the finely tuned balance of signals in this pathway may provide diagnostic biomarkers that can determine organ quality during kidney transplantation. Surgical relevanceThe increased use of marginal donors has highlighted the importance of organ quality in transplantation. Renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury following transplantation induces graft dysfunction.In a porcine model of renal autotransplantation, the induction of regenerative processes, in response to graded degrees of ischaemia, was studied in the post-transplantation phase. There was early abrogation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α pathway in response to severe ischaemia. High degrees of ischaemic injury induced chronic activation of the HIF-1α pathway, diverting it from the beneficial activation of angiogenesis.Identification of the mechanisms involved in renal regeneration, such as those related to the HIF-1α pathway, are important as these mechanisms can be used to identify novel therapeutic targets or develop diagnostic biomarkers to determine organ quality early in the transplantation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P O Delpech
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
| | - R Thuillier
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - S Le Pape
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
| | - L Rossard
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
| | - C Jayle
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
| | - C Billault
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
| | - J M Goujon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - T Hauet
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
- National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UE1372 GenESI, Platform IBiSA, Domaine Expérimental du Magneraud, Surgères, France
- University/Hospital Federation (SUPORT), Limoges, Poitiers and Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nordquist L, Friederich-Persson M, Fasching A, Liss P, Shoji K, Nangaku M, Hansell P, Palm F. Activation of hypoxia-inducible factors prevents diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:328-38. [PMID: 25183809 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia results in increased oxygen consumption and decreased oxygen tension in the kidney. We tested the hypothesis that activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) protects against diabetes-induced alterations in oxygen metabolism and kidney function. Experimental groups consisted of control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with or without chronic cobalt chloride to activate HIFs. We elucidated the involvement of oxidative stress by studying the effects of acute administration of the superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol. Compared with controls, diabetic rats displayed tissue hypoxia throughout the kidney, glomerular hyperfiltration, increased oxygen consumption, increased total mitochondrial leak respiration, and decreased tubular sodium transport efficiency. Diabetic kidneys showed proteinuria and tubulointerstitial damage. Cobalt chloride activated HIFs, prevented the diabetes-induced alterations in oxygen metabolism, mitochondrial leak respiration, and kidney function, and reduced proteinuria and tubulointerstitial damage. The beneficial effects of tempol were less pronounced after activation of HIFs, indicating improved oxidative stress status. In conclusion, activation of HIFs prevents diabetes-induced alteration in kidney oxygen metabolism by normalizing glomerular filtration, which reduces tubular electrolyte load, preventing mitochondrial leak respiration and improving tubular transport efficiency. These improvements could be related to reduced oxidative stress and account for the reduced proteinuria and tubulointerstitial damage. Thus, pharmacologic activation of the HIF system may prevent development of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nordquist
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology and
| | | | - Angelica Fasching
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology and
| | - Per Liss
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kumi Shoji
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Peter Hansell
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology and
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology and Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences and Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Heinzel A, Perco P, Mayer G, Oberbauer R, Lukas A, Mayer B. From molecular signatures to predictive biomarkers: modeling disease pathophysiology and drug mechanism of action. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:37. [PMID: 25364744 PMCID: PMC4207010 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Omics profiling significantly expanded the molecular landscape describing clinical phenotypes. Association analysis resulted in first diagnostic and prognostic biomarker signatures entering clinical utility. However, utilizing Omics for deepening our understanding of disease pathophysiology, and further including specific interference with drug mechanism of action on a molecular process level still sees limited added value in the clinical setting. We exemplify a computational workflow for expanding from statistics-based association analysis toward deriving molecular pathway and process models for characterizing phenotypes and drug mechanism of action. Interference analysis on the molecular model level allows identification of predictive biomarker candidates for testing drug response. We discuss this strategy on diabetic nephropathy (DN), a complex clinical phenotype triggered by diabetes and presenting with renal as well as cardiovascular endpoints. A molecular pathway map indicates involvement of multiple molecular mechanisms, and selected biomarker candidates reported as associated with disease progression are identified for specific molecular processes. Selective interference of drug mechanism of action and disease-associated processes is identified for drug classes in clinical use, in turn providing precision medicine hypotheses utilizing predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Perco
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbHVienna, Austria
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| | - Rainer Oberbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, KH Elisabethinen Linz and Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Arno Lukas
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbHVienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Mayer
- emergentec biodevelopment GmbHVienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Terzi H, Kayatas M, Korkmaz S, Yildiz G, Candan F. The association between therapeutic outcomes and VEGF G-1154A and C-936T gene polymorphisms in patients with glomerulonephritis. Ren Fail 2014; 36:904-7. [PMID: 24673399 DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2014.900407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this present study, we aimed to investigate the association between therapeutic outcomes and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) G-1154A and C-936T gene polymorphisms in patients with glomerulonephritis. METHODS Thirty-eight patients with glomerulonephritis diagnosed by renal biopsy were included to the study. All patients had proteinuria at least 1 gram (g)/day in urine analysis. At the end of a yearly therapy, patients with proteinuria less than 0.5 g/day were accepted as in complete remission and they were termed as group 1. The patients with proteinuria over 0.5 g/day were accepted as in no remission and they were termed as group 2. RESULTS The mean age of patients in group 1 and group 2 was 35.88 ± 13.80 years and 37.30 ± 13.89 years, respectively. There were nine (50%) male and nine (50%) female patients in group 1. In group 2, seven (35%) male and 13 (65%) female patients were present. Although VEGF G-1154A (GG) gene polymorphism was found in 55% of group 2 patients, and 22.2% of group 1 patients, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. There were no statistical differences between groups in terms of other gene polymorphisms. Namely, we obtained no statistical differences between therapeutic outcomes and gene polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant difference between groups in terms of VEGF G-1154A (GG) gene polymorphism, but the minority of the patient population has led to not to reach statistical significance. So, this gene polymorphism has to be investigated in larger studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Terzi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University , Sivas , Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Fernández-Martínez AB, Lucio Cazaña FJ. Prostaglandin E2 induces retinoic acid receptor-β up-regulation through MSK1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1997-2004. [PMID: 24953041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacological modulation of putative renoprotective factors hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in the kidney has therapeutic interest. In human renal proximal tubular HK2 cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) up-regulates HIF-1α and VEGF-A through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent up-regulation of retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ). Here we studied the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK1/2 and p38 and their target kinase, mitogen- and stress activated kinase-1 (MSK1), in the signaling cascade. Treatment of HK2 cells with PGE2 resulted in increased phosphorylation of EGFR, the three studied kinases and the histone H3 (Ser10) at the RARβ gene promoter (the latter has been proposed as a molecular signature of the activated RARβ gene promoter). Prevention of the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK or MSK1 is by incubating, respectively, with AG1478, PD98059, SB203580 or H89 allowed to elucidate the precise phosphorylation order in the signaling cascade triggered by PGE2: first, EGFR; then, ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and, finally, MSK1. Phosphorylation of MSK1 led to that of Ser10 in histone H3 and to activation of RARβ gene transcription (and the consequent increase in the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A), which was suppressed by H89 or by transfecting cells with a vector encoding for a dominant-negative mutant of MSK1. These results highlight the relevance of MSK1 in the up-regulation of RARβ by PGE2. They also may contribute to new therapeutic approaches based upon the pharmacological control of HIF-1α/VEGF-A in the proximal tubule through the modulation of the PGE2/EGFR/MAPK/MSK1/RARβ pathway.
Collapse
|
47
|
Fernandez-Martínez AB, Torija AV, Carracedo J, Ramirez R, de Lucio-Cazaña FJ. Microparticles released by vascular endothelial cells increase hypoxia inducible factor expression in human proximal tubular HK-2 cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:334-42. [PMID: 24878611 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Microparticles are produced by vesiculation of the cell plasma membrane and serve as vectors of cell-to-cell communication. Co-culture experiments have shown that hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α)-regulated-genes are up-regulated in human renal proximal tubular HK-2 cells by endothelial cell factors which might be transported inside endothelial microparticles (EMP). Here we aimed to study in HK-2 cells the effect of EMP, produced by activated endothelial cells, on HIF-α and HIF-α-regulated vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). EMP, at a concentration much lower than that found in plasma, increased the expression of HIF-α/VEGF-A in a COX-2/EP2 receptor dependent manner. Since the EMP/cells ratio was ∼1/1000, we hypothesized that paracrine mediators produced by HK-2 cells amplified the initial signal. This hypothesis was confirmed by two facts which also suggested that the mediators were conveyed by particles released by HK-2 cells: (i) HIF-α was up-regulated in HK-2 cells treated with the pellet obtained from the conditioned medium of the EMP-treated HK-2 cells. (ii) In transwell experiments, EMP-treated cells increased the expression of HIF-α in untreated HK-2 cells. Interestingly, we detected these cells, particles that were released by EMP-treated HK-2 cells. Depending on the pathological context, activation of HIF-α and VEGF-A signaling in renal tissue/cells may have either beneficial or harmful effects. Therefore, our results suggest that their presence in the urinary space of EMP produced by activated endothelial cells may influence the outcome of a number of renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Valdehita Torija
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Carracedo
- RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Avda Monforte de Lemos n° 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Nephrology Unit, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramirez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; RETICs Red Renal (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), Avda Monforte de Lemos n° 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Donderski R, Szczepanek J, Domagalski K, Tretyn A, Korenkiewicz J, Marszałek A, Szymański A, Wolski Z, Odrowąż-Sypniewska G, Manitius J. Analysis of relative expression level of VEGF ( vascular endothelial growth factor ), HIF-1α ( hypoxia inducible factor 1α ) and CTGF ( connective tissue growth factor ) genes in chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 38:83-91. [PMID: 24577260 DOI: 10.1159/000355754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Analysis of gene expression in renal tissue is considered to be a diagnostic tool predicting the clinical course of glomerulonephritis. The present study quantified the relative transcript levels of VEGF, CTGF and HIF-1α in renal tissue to establish their relationship with some clinical variables in patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN). METHODS 28 patients (6F and 22M, mean age 51.2±15.0) with CGN were enrolled. Type of CNG recognized by kidney biopsy (histopatological evaluation) was as follows: minimal change disease (MCD)-3pts, IgA nephropathy-5pts, FSGS-3pts, membranous nephropathy-4pts, mesangio-proliferative glomerulonephritis-3pts; MPGN-1pts, lupus nephritis-6pts, granulomatosis with polyangitis-2 pts; hypertensive nephropathy- 3pts. Renal tissue from 3 individuals with normal eGFR and histology was taken as control. Mean clinical follow-up of patients was 12 months after biopsy eGFR and daily urinary protein excretion (DPE) was assessed at the time of biopsy and then in 6 months intervals. Real-time PCR was used to determine relative gene expression. The housekeeping gene GAPDH was used as normalization control. RESULTS At the time of the biopsy relative expression of 3 analyzed genes was diminished in comparison to control. There were statistically significant differences in VEGF gene relative expression level in patients which varied according to eGFR and tendency in patients which varied according to DPE. HIF-alfa and CTGF gene showed only a tendency. CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of the VEGF gene in subjects with DPE>3,5 g may point to insufficient oxygen supply in renal tissue which may result in tubulointerstitial fibrosis with further functional renal impairment and decline of eGFR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Donderski
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wilkinson R, Wang X, Kassianos AJ, Zuryn S, Roper KE, Osborne A, Sampangi S, Francis L, Raghunath V, Healy H. Laser capture microdissection and multiplex-tandem PCR analysis of proximal tubular epithelial cell signaling in human kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87345. [PMID: 24475278 PMCID: PMC3903679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis, a histological process common to many kidney diseases, is the precursor state to end stage kidney disease, a devastating and costly outcome for the patient and the health system. Fibrosis is historically associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but emerging evidence is now linking many forms of acute kidney disease (AKD) with the development of CKD. Indeed, we and others have observed at least some degree of fibrosis in up to 50% of clinically defined cases of AKD. Epithelial cells of the proximal tubule (PTEC) are central in the development of kidney interstitial fibrosis. We combine the novel techniques of laser capture microdissection and multiplex-tandem PCR to identify and quantitate "real time" gene transcription profiles of purified PTEC isolated from human kidney biopsies that describe signaling pathways associated with this pathological fibrotic process. Our results: (i) confirm previous in-vitro and animal model studies; kidney injury molecule-1 is up-regulated in patients with acute tubular injury, inflammation, neutrophil infiltration and a range of chronic disease diagnoses, (ii) provide data to inform treatment; complement component 3 expression correlates with inflammation and acute tubular injury, (iii) identify potential new biomarkers; proline 4-hydroxylase transcription is down-regulated and vimentin is up-regulated across kidney diseases, (iv) describe previously unrecognized feedback mechanisms within PTEC; Smad-3 is down-regulated in many kidney diseases suggesting a possible negative feedback loop for TGF-β in the disease state, whilst tight junction protein-1 is up-regulated in many kidney diseases, suggesting feedback interactions with vimentin expression. These data demonstrate that the combined techniques of laser capture microdissection and multiplex-tandem PCR have the power to study molecular signaling within single cell populations derived from clinically sourced tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ray Wilkinson
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Medical School, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiangju Wang
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Kassianos
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven Zuryn
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathrein E. Roper
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Osborne
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandeep Sampangi
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leo Francis
- Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vishwas Raghunath
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen Healy
- Conjoint Kidney Research Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
An intact microcirculation is vital for diffusion of oxygen and nutrients and for removal of toxins of every organ and system in the human body. The functional and/or anatomical loss of microvessels is known as rarefaction, which can compromise the normal organ function and have been suggested as a possible starting point of several diseases. The purpose of this overview is to discuss the potential underlying mechanisms leading to renal microvascular rarefaction, and the potential consequences on renal function and on the progression of renal damage. Although the kidney is a special organ that receives much more blood than its metabolic needs, experimental and clinical evidence indicates that renal microvascular rarefaction is associated to prevalent cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, either as cause or consequence. On the other hand, emerging experimental evidence using progenitor cells or angiogenic cytokines supports the feasibility of therapeutic interventions capable of modifying the progressive nature of microvascular rarefaction in the kidney. This overview will also attempt to discuss the potential renoprotective mechanisms of the therapeutic targeting of the renal microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- The Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
| |
Collapse
|