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Panyod S, Wu WK, Hsieh YC, Tseng YJ, Peng SY, Chen RA, Huang HS, Chen YH, Shen TCD, Ho CT, Liu CJ, Chuang HL, Huang CC, Wu MS, Sheen LY. Ginger essential oil prevents NASH progression by blocking the NLRP3 inflammasome and remodeling the gut microbiota-LPS-TLR4 pathway in mice. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:65. [PMID: 39152116 PMCID: PMC11329514 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet and gut microbiota contribute to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) progression. High-fat diets (HFDs) change gut microbiota compositions, induce gut dysbiosis, and intestinal barrier leakage, which facilitates portal influx of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to the liver and triggers inflammation in NASH. Current therapeutic drugs for NASH have adverse side effects; however, several foods and herbs that exhibit hepatoprotection could be an alternative method to prevent NASH. METHODS We investigated ginger essential oil (GEO) against palm oil-containing HFDs in LPS-injected murine NASH model. RESULTS GEO reduced plasma alanine aminotransferase levels and hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine levels; and increased antioxidant catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione levels to prevent NASH. GEO alleviated hepatic inflammation through mediated NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and LPS/Toll-like receptor four (TLR4) signaling pathways. GEO further increased beneficial bacterial abundance and reduced NASH-associated bacterial abundance. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that GEO prevents NASH progression which is probably associated with the alterations of gut microbiota and inhibition of the LPS/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Hence, GEO may offer a promising application as a dietary supplement for the prevention of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology and Food Nutrition, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chi Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yea-Jing Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sin-Yi Peng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-Syuan Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Chin David Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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von Morze C, Blazey T, Shaw A, Spees WM, Shoghi KI, Ohliger MA. Detection of early-stage NASH using non-invasive hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14854. [PMID: 38937567 PMCID: PMC11211431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized from its early stages by a profound remodeling of the liver microenvironment, encompassing changes in the composition and activities of multiple cell types and associated gene expression patterns. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C MRI provides a unique view of the metabolic microenvironment, with potential relevance for early diagnosis of liver disease. Previous studies have detected changes in HP 13C pyruvate to lactate conversion, catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), with experimental liver injury. HP ∝ -ketobutyrate ( ∝ KB) is a close molecular analog of pyruvate with modified specificity for LDH isoforms, specifically attenuated activity with their LDHA-expressed subunits that dominate liver parenchyma. Building on recent results with pyruvate, we investigated HP ∝ KB in methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet as a model of early-stage NASH. Similarity of results between this new agent and pyruvate (~ 50% drop in cytoplasmic reducing capacity), interpreted together with gene expression data from the model, suggests that changes are mediated through broad effects on intermediary metabolism. Plausible mechanisms are depletion of the lactate pool by upregulation of gluconeogenesis (GNG) and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux, and a possible shift toward increased lactate oxidation. These changes may reflect high levels of oxidative stress and/or shifting macrophage populations in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius von Morze
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Tyler Blazey
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - William M Spees
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, 4525 Scott Ave Rm 2303, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Çelik S, Muruz H. Growth Performance, Blood Metabolites, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Lambs Fed Diets Containing Different Energy Levels Supplemented with Rumen-Protected Choline. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1682. [PMID: 38891729 PMCID: PMC11171108 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) level and rumen-protected choline (RPC) supplementation on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum energy, lipid, and protein profiles of Karayaka lambs. Twenty-eight Karayaka lambs, with an initial body weight (BW) of 26.85 ± 0.26 kg, were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial design) to one of four dietary treatments with two levels of ME (optimum: 2750 or low: 2500 kcal ME/kg dry matter) and two levels of RPC (0 or 4 g/d/lamb). Lambs of each group were housed in individual pens. The experiment lasted 66 d, with the first 10 d consisting of acclimation and the next 56 d of the formal experimental period. The data on BW, dietary matter intake (DMI), and serum glucose concentrations confirm that our model successfully induced low energy using 250 kcal/kg less energy than the optimum level. RPC supplementation did not significantly affect average daily DMI, total average daily gain (ADG), or feed conversion ratio (FCR) at any energy level. Additionally, there was no substantial effect on carcass characteristics, meat quality, serum lipids, energy metabolism indicators, and liver function parameters. There was also no interaction effect of RPC × ME on the parameters tested. However, at 56 d into the experiment, the interaction effect of RPC × ME on serum urea-N was highly significant, and RPC supplementation led to lower serum urea-N levels (p = 0.001). These results suggest that while RPC supplementation did not enhance overall performance and carcass characteristics in Karayaka lambs, it may play a role in modulating nitrogen metabolism, as indicated by the significant reduction in serum urea-N levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Çelik
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey, Tokat Provincial Office, İmamlık Street. No:68, Tokat 60200, Turkey;
| | - Habip Muruz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Kurupelit Kampusu, Samsun 55100, Turkey
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Dumitru A, Matei E, Cozaru GC, Chisoi A, Alexandrescu L, Popescu RC, Butcaru MP, Dumitru E, Rugină S, Tocia C. Endotoxin Inflammatory Action on Cells by Dysregulated-Immunological-Barrier-Linked ROS-Apoptosis Mechanisms in Gut-Liver Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2472. [PMID: 38473721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study highlighted the immune changes by pro-inflammatory biomarkers in the gut-liver-axis-linked ROS-cell death mechanisms in chronic and acute inflammations when gut cells are exposed to endotoxins in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or steatosis. In duodenal tissue samples, gut immune barrier dysfunction was analyzed by pro-inflammatory biomarker expressions, oxidative stress, and cell death by flow cytometry methods. A significant innate and adaptative immune system reaction was observed as result of persistent endotoxin action in gut cells in chronic inflammation tissue samples recovered from hepatic cirrhosis with the A-B child stage. Instead, in patients with C child stage of HC, the endotoxin tolerance was installed in cells, characterized by T lymphocyte silent activation and increased Th1 cytokines expression. Interesting mechanisms of ROS-cell death were observed in chronic and acute inflammation samples when gut cells were exposed to endotoxins and immune changes in the gut-liver axis. Late apoptosis represents the chronic response to injury induction by the gut immune barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and liver-dysregulated barrier. Meanwhile, necrosis represents an acute and severe reply to endotoxin action on gut cells when the immune system reacts to pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th2 cytokines releasing, offering protection against PAMPs/DAMPs by monocytes and T lymphocyte activation. Flow cytometric analysis of pro-inflammatory biomarkers linked to oxidative stress-cell death mechanisms shown in our study recommends laboratory techniques in diagnostic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Dumitru
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Elena Matei
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medical Sciences Academy, 1 I.C. Bratianu Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Chisoi
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medical Sciences Academy, 1 I.C. Bratianu Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luana Alexandrescu
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Răzvan Cătălin Popescu
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pundiche Butcaru
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientist, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Rugină
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientist, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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Basta MD, Petruk S, Mazo A, Walker JL. Fibrosis-the tale of H3K27 histone methyltransferases and demethylases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1193344. [PMID: 37476157 PMCID: PMC10354294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1193344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, or excessive scarring, is characterized by the emergence of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of fibrotic extracellular matrix (ECM). Currently, there is a lack of effective treatment options for fibrosis, highlighting an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets. The acquisition of a fibrotic phenotype is associated with changes in chromatin structure, a key determinant of gene transcription activation and repression. The major repressive histone mark, H3K27me3, has been linked to dynamic changes in gene expression in fibrosis through alterations in chromatin structure. H3K27-specific homologous histone methylase (HMT) enzymes, Enhancer of zeste 1 and 2 (EZH1, EZH2), which are the alternative subunits of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) and demethylase (KDM) enzymes, Ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat, X chromosome (UTX), and Lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B), are responsible for regulating methylation status of H3K27me3. In this review, we explore how these key enzymes regulate chromatin structure to alter gene expression in fibrosis, highlighting them as attractive targets for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan D. Basta
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Svetlana Petruk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexander Mazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janice L. Walker
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Li MR, Li JZ, Li JY, Wang CC, Yuan RK, Ye LH, Liu YY, Liang XJ, Zhang HC, Liu ZQ, Zeng DY, Zhang XD, Wang DH, Li JQ, Li TY, Yang L, Cao Y, Pan Y, Lin XG, Pan CQ, Dai EH, Dong ZY. Clinical Features of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Non-Lean Population. Obes Facts 2023; 16:427-434. [PMID: 37231905 PMCID: PMC10601616 DOI: 10.1159/000530845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-lean patients is significantly increased, and obesity significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis and HCC in NAFLD patients. However, whether there is a difference in clinical manifestations of NAFLD between overweight and obesity remains unclear. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical and histological features of NAFLD among a non-lean population. METHODS Current study enrolled consecutive non-lean (body mass index [BMI] >23 kg/m2) patients with NAFLD and available liver biopsy results. Patients were stratified by BMI into two groups for the comparison of their clinical and histological variables, which included the overweight (BMI 23∼<28 kg/m2) and the obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m2). Risk factors for moderate to severe fibrosis (stage >1) were also analyzed through the logistic regression model. RESULTS Among 184 non-lean patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease enrolled, 65 and 119 were overweight and obese, respectively. Patients in the obesity group had a significantly lower level of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, higher levels of platelet, glucose, prothrombin time, and more common of moderate to severe inflammatory activity when compared to those in the overweight group. However, a significant low frequency of moderate to severe fibrosis was found in the obesity group versus the overweight group (19.33% vs. 40.00%, p = 0.002). Binary logistics regression analysis of fibrosis found that aspartate transaminase (AST), BMI, alanine transaminase (ALT), and cholesterol (CHOL) were independent predictors for moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD. Compared with the traditional fibrosis-4 (AUC = 0.77) and aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (AUC = 0.79) indexes, the combined index based on AST, BMI, ALT, and CHOL was more accurate in predicting moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD (AUC = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS Clinical and histological features differed between obesity and overweight patients with NAFLD. When compared to the traditional serum markers, the combination index including AST, BMI, ALT, and CHOL provided a better model to predict moderate to severe fibrosis in non-lean patients with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-ran Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-zhong Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-ying Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cun-chuan Wang
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-kun Yuan
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Li-hong Ye
- Division of Pathology, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yun-yan Liu
- Division of Liver Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu-jing Liang
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-cong Zhang
- Division of Pathology, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-quan Liu
- Division of Pathology, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dong-yu Zeng
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - De-hua Wang
- Division of Liver Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun-qing Li
- Division of Liver Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao-yuan Li
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Pan
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun-ge Lin
- Division of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Calvin Q. Pan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Er-hei Dai
- Division of Liver Disease, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-yong Dong
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Li T, Yan X, Dong X, Pan S, Tan B, Zhang S, Suo X, Huang W, Zhou M, Yang Y. Effects of choline supplementation on growth performance, liver histology, nonspecific immunity and related genes expression of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu) fed with high-lipid diets. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108815. [PMID: 37216997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary choline levels on growth performance, liver histology, nonspecific immunity and related gene expression of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatus) fed with high-lipid diets. The fish (initial body weight 6.86 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing different choline levels (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg, named D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively) for 8 weeks. The results showed that:(1) dietary choline levels had no significant effect on final body weight (FBW), feed conversion rate (FCR), visceral somatic index(VSI) and condition factor (CF) compared with the control group (P > 0.05). However, the hepato somatic index (HSI) in the D2 group was significantly lower than that in the control group and the survival rate (SR) in the D5 group was significantly lower (P < 0.05). (2) with dietary choline level increasing, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of serum showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, and the maximum values were obtained in the D3 group, but the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (3) Immunoglobulin M (IgM), lysozyme (LYZ), catalase (CAT), total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), and SOD in the liver all showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the dietary choline level increased, and all of them achieved the maximum value at D4 group (P < 0.05), while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver decreased significantly (P < 0.05). (4) results from liver sections suggest that appropriate levels of choline can improve cell structure, compared with the control group, the damaged histological morphology of the liver was relieved and even returned to normal in D3 group. (5) in the D3 group, choline significantly upregulated the expression of hepatic sod and cat mRNA, whereas the expression of cat in the D5 group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05); And the supply of choline stimulated a significant down-regulation of interleukin 6 (il6), myeloid differentiation factor 8 (myd88), toll-like receptor 22 (tlr22) mRNA expression levels in liver, while the expression of cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53) and interleukin 10 (il10) showed an upward and then downward trend (P < 0.05). In general, choline can improve the immunity of hybrid grouper by regulating non-specific immune-related enzyme activity and gene expression and reducing oxidative stress induced by high-lipid diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaobo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China.
| | - Simiao Pan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524000, China
| | - Xiangxiang Suo
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Weibin Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Menglong Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; GuangDong Engineering Technology Research Center of Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yuanzhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Wang Z, Huang Y, Zhu M, Cao J, Xiong Z. TLR2 and CASP7 as the biomarkers associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic kidney disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 667:50-57. [PMID: 37209562 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are both highly prevalent worldwide. Studies have confirmed the association between them, but the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not clear yet. This study aims to identify the genetic and molecular mechanisms influencing both diseases through a bioinformatics approach. RESULTS Fifty-four overlapping differentially expressed genes associated with NAFLD and CKD were obtained by analysis of microarray datasets GSE63067 and GSE66494 downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. Next, we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis. Nine hub genes were screened using protein-protein interaction network and Cytoscape software, including TLR2, ICAM1, RELB, BIRC3, HIF1A, RIPK2, CASP7, IFNGR1 and MAP2K4. The receiver operating characteristic curve results showed that all hub genes have good diagnostic values for patients with NAFLD and CKD. The mRNA expression of nine hub genes was detected in NAFLD and CKD animal models, and it was found that the expression of TLR2 and CASP7 was significantly increased in both disease models. CONCLUSIONS TLR2 and CASP7 can be used as biomarkers for both diseases. Our study provided new insights for identifying potential biomarkers and valuable therapeutic leads in NAFLD and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yumei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Mengpei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jiali Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Xu YN, Xu W, Zhang X, Wang DY, Zheng XR, Liu W, Chen JM, Chen GF, Liu CH, Liu P, Mu YP. BM-MSCs overexpressing the Numb enhance the therapeutic effect on cholestatic liver fibrosis by inhibiting the ductular reaction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:45. [PMID: 36941658 PMCID: PMC10029310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03276-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF) is caused by inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic bile duct and abnormal proliferation of the small bile duct after cholestasis. Activation of the Notch signaling pathway is required for hepatic stem cells to differentiate into cholangiocytes during the pathogenesis of CLF. Our previous research found that the expression of the Numb protein, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, was significantly reduced in the livers of patients with primary biliary cholangitis and CLF rats. However, the relationship between the Numb gene and CLF is largely unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the Numb gene in the treatment of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced CLF. METHODS In vivo, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) with Numb gene overexpression or knockdown obtained using lentivirus transfection were transplanted into the livers of rats with BDL-induced CLF. The effects of the Numb gene on stem cell differentiation and CLF were evaluated by performing histology, tests of liver function, and measurements of liver hydroxyproline, cytokine gene and protein levels. In vitro, the Numb gene was overexpressed or knocked down in the WB-F344 cell line by lentivirus transfection, Then, cells were subjected immunofluorescence staining and the detection of mRNA levels of related factors, which provided further evidence supporting the results from in vivo experiments. RESULTS BM-MSCs overexpressing the Numb gene differentiated into hepatocytes, thereby inhibiting CLF progression. Conversely, BM-MSCs with Numb knockdown differentiated into biliary epithelial cells (BECs), thereby promoting the ductular reaction (DR) and the progression of CLF. In addition, we confirmed that knockdown of Numb in sodium butyrate-treated WB-F344 cells aggravated WB-F344 cell differentiation into BECs, while overexpression of Numb inhibited this process. CONCLUSIONS The transplantation of BM-MSCs overexpressing Numb may be a useful new treatment strategy for CLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Nan Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dan-Yang Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xin-Rui Zheng
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Gao-Feng Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Cheng-Hai Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yong-Ping Mu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of TCM, Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Disease of the Ministry of Education, Clinical Key Laboratory of TCM of Shanghai, 528, Zhangheng Road, Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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10
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Aljobaily N, Krutsinger K, Viereckl MJ, Joly R, Menlove B, Cone B, Suppes A, Han Y. Low-Dose Administration of Cannabigerol Attenuates Inflammation and Fibrosis Associated with Methionine/Choline Deficient Diet-Induced NASH Model via Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010178. [PMID: 36615835 PMCID: PMC9823433 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). NASH is distinguished by severe hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. The plant-derived, non-psychotropic compound cannabigerol (CBG) has potential anti-inflammatory effects similar to other cannabinoids. However, the impact of CBG on NASH pathology is still unknown. This study demonstrated the therapeutic potential of CBG in reducing hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. METHODS 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed with methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet or control (CTR) diets for five weeks. At the beginning of week 4, mice were divided into three sub-groups and injected with either a vehicle, a low or high dose of CBG for two weeks. Overall health of the mice, Hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS Increased liver-to-body weight ratio was observed in mice fed with MCD diet, while a low dose of CBG treatment rescued the liver-to-body weight ratio. Hepatic ballooning and leukocyte infiltration were decreased in MCD mice with a low dose of CBG treatment, whereas the CBG treatment did not change the hepatic steatosis. The high dose CBG administration increased inflammation and fibrosis. Similarly, the expression of cannabinoid receptor (CB)1 and CB2 showed decreased expression with the low CBG dose but not with the high CBG dose intervention in the MCD group and were co-localized with mast cells. Additionally, the decreased mast cells were accompanied by decreased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the low dose of CBG alleviated hepatic fibrosis and inflammation in MCD-induced NASH, however, the high dose of CBG treatment showed enhanced liver damage when compared to MCD only group. These results will provide pre-clinical data to guide future intervention studies in humans addressing the potential uses of CBG for inflammatory liver pathologies, as well as open the door for further investigation into systemic inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf Aljobaily
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kelsey Krutsinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Michael J. Viereckl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Raznin Joly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Bridger Menlove
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Brexton Cone
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Ailaina Suppes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
| | - Yuyan Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO 80639, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-970-351-2004
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11
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Bonella F, Borie R. Targeted therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: the time is now. Eur Respir J 2022; 59:59/4/2102971. [PMID: 35450922 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02971-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bonella
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology Dept, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, University of Essen, European Reference Network (ERN)-LUNG, ILD Core Network, Essen, Germany
| | - Raphael Borie
- Université de Paris, Inserm, U1152, laboratoire d'excellence INFLAMEX, Paris, France.,Hôpital Bichat, APHP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre constitutif du centre de référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France
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12
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Ma Z, Sheng L, Li J, Qian J, Wu G, Wang Z, Zhang Y. Resveratrol Alleviates Hepatic Fibrosis in Associated with Decreased Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation. Inflammation 2022; 45:812-823. [PMID: 35080697 PMCID: PMC8956545 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01586-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is the typical response to chronic liver disease and is characterized by deposition of abundant extracellular matrix. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (RSV) in a CCl4-induced rat model of HF. We demonstrate that the administration of RSV effectively improves liver function and ameliorates liver fibrosis by reducing collagen deposition and reversing the expression of COL1A1 and PPAR-γ. Treatment efficacy of RSV could be attributed to reversed epithelial-mesenchymal transition progress with upregulated expression of E-cadherin and downregulated N-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA. Moreover, RSV significantly decreased the levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins CHOP; Bip; cleaved caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-12; Bax; and Bak while promotes the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl2. The important role of ERS in HF was confirmed by using 4-PBA, an ERS inhibitor, which markedly ameliorated CCl4-induced HF. Further, mechanistic studies demonstrated that RSV significantly decreased CCl4-induced transforming growth factor-β synthesis and inflammatory factor (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) expression and reduced the inflammation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, the results suggested that RSV ameliorated HF in associated with decreased ERS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lulu Sheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Nursing Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jianmin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Farooq M, Hameed H, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Piquet-Pellorce C, Samson M, Le Seyec J. Switching to Regular Diet Partially Resolves Liver Fibrosis Induced by High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020386. [PMID: 35057565 PMCID: PMC8778944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The globally prevalent disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is characterized by a steatotic and inflammatory liver. In NASH patients, tissue repair mechanisms, activated by the presence of chronic liver damage, lead to the progressive onset of hepatic fibrosis. This scar symptom is a key prognostic risk factor for liver-related morbidity and mortality. Conflicting reports discuss the efficiency of dietary interventions on the reversibility of advanced fibrosis established during NASH. In the present study, the effect of dietary interventions was investigated in the outcome of the fibrosis settled in livers of C57BL/6J mice on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 5 or 12 consecutive weeks. Various clinico-pathological investigations, including a histological analysis of the liver, measurement of plasma transaminases, steatosis and fibrosis, were performed. To assess the effectiveness of the dietary intervention on established symptoms, diseased mice were returned to a standard diet (SD) for 4 or 12 weeks. This food management resulted in a drastic reduction in steatosis, liver injuries, inflammatory markers, hepatomegaly and oxidative stress and a gradual improvement in the fibrotic state of the liver tissue. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that dietary intervention can partially reverse liver fibrosis induced by HFHCD feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang 35200, Pakistan
| | - Huma Hameed
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Marie-Thérèse Dimanche-Boitrel
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Claire Piquet-Pellorce
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Michel Samson
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-23-69-11
| | - Jacques Le Seyec
- Inserm, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, Univ Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.F.); (H.H.); (M.-T.D.-B.); (C.P.-P.); (J.L.S.)
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14
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May T, de la Haye B, Nord G, Klatt K, Stephenson K, Adams S, Bollinger L, Hanchard N, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Maleta K, Manary M, Jahoor F. One-carbon metabolism in children with marasmus and kwashiorkor. EBioMedicine 2022; 75:103791. [PMID: 35030356 PMCID: PMC8761690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kwashiorkor is a childhood syndrome of edematous malnutrition. Its precise nutritional precipitants remain uncertain despite nine decades of study. Remarkably, kwashiorkor's disturbances resemble the effects of experimental diets that are deficient in one-carbon nutrients. This similarity suggests that kwashiorkor may represent a nutritionally mediated syndrome of acute one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Here we report findings from a cross-sectional exploration of serum one-carbon metabolites in Malawian children. METHODS Blood was collected from children aged 12-60 months before nutritional rehabilitation: kwashiorkor (N = 94), marasmic-kwashiorkor (N = 43) marasmus (N = 118), moderate acute malnutrition (N = 56) and controls (N = 46). Serum concentrations of 16 one-carbon metabolites were quantified using LC/MS techniques, and then compared across participant groups. FINDINGS Twelve of 16 measured one-carbon metabolites differed significantly between participant groups. Measured outputs of one-carbon metabolism, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and cysteine, were lower in marasmic-kwashiorkor (median µmol/L (± SD): 0·549 (± 0·217) P = 0·00045 & 90 (± 40) P < 0·0001, respectively) and kwashiorkor (0·557 (± 0·195) P < 0·0001 & 115 (± 50) P < 0·0001), relative to marasmus (0·698 (± 0·212) & 153 (± 42)). ADMA and cysteine were well correlated with methionine in both kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor. INTERPRETATION Kwashiorkor and marasmic-kwashiorkor were distinguished by evidence of one-carbon metabolism dysfunction. Correlative observations suggest that methionine deficiency drives this dysfunction, which is implicated in the syndrome's pathogenesis. The hypothesis that kwashiorkor can be prevented by fortifying low quality diets with methionine, along with nutrients that support efficient methionine use, such as choline, requires further investigation. FUNDING The Hickey Family Foundation, the American College of Gastroenterology, the NICHD, and the USDA/ARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddaeus May
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA.
| | | | | | - Kevin Klatt
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA,Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Lucy Bollinger
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, USA
| | - Neil Hanchard
- National Institutes of Health, USA,National Human Genome Research Institute, Nationl Institutes of Health
| | - Erland Arning
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute
| | - Teodoro Bottiglieri
- Center of Metabolomics, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute
| | | | - Mark Manary
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA,The University of Malawi College of Medicine, Malawi,Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, USA
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston TX, USA
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15
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Effects of dietary choline on liver lipid composition, liver histology and plasma biochemistry of juvenile yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi). Br J Nutr 2021; 125:1344-1358. [PMID: 32943119 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Choline plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism for fish, and its deficiency in aquafeed has been linked to compromised health and growth performance. A 56-d experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary choline on lipid composition, histology and plasma biochemistry of yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi; YTK; 156 g initial body weight). The dietary choline content ranged from 0·59 to 6·22 g/kg diet. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (3 g/kg) was added to diets, except for a control diet, to limit de novo choline synthesis. The results showed that the liver lipid content of YTK was similar among diets containing AMP and dominated by NEFA. In contrast, fish fed the control diet had significantly elevated liver TAG. Generally, the SFA, MUFA and PUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed diets containing AMP was not influenced by choline content. The SFA and MUFA content of liver lipid in fish fed the control diet was similar to other diets except for a decrease in PUFA. The linear relationship between lipid digestibility and plasma cholesterol was significant, otherwise most parameters were unaffected. When AMP is present, higher dietary choline reduced the severity of some hepatic lesions. The present study demonstrated that choline deficiency affects some plasma and liver histology parameters in juvenile YTK which might be useful fish health indicators. Importantly, the present study elucidated potential reasons for lower growth in choline-deficient YTK and increased the knowledge on choline metabolism in the fish.
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16
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Gong L, Liu G, Zhu H, Li C, Li P, Liu C, Tang H, Wu K, Wu J, Liu D, Tang X. IL-32 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress in A549 cells. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:278. [PMID: 33097029 PMCID: PMC7585222 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01319-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the onset and development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with unclear mechanisms. Our previous studies found that bleomycin and tunicamycin could induce ER stress and consequently trigger EMT accompanying with IL-32 overexpression. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of IL-32 on EMT and ER stress to elucidate the pathogenesis of IPF. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were treated with recombinant human (rh)IL-32, IL-32 siRNA and EMT inducer tunicamycin, or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), respectively. Then the cell morphology was observed and the expression of ER-related markers and EMT-related markers were detected by RT-qPCR or western blotting. Results Stimulation of A549 cells with rhIL-32 led to a morphological change from a pebble-like shape to an elongated shape in a portion of the cells, accompanied by down regulated expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and up regulated expression of the mesenchymal cell markers N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Zeb-1. However, these rhIL-32 induced changes were inhibited by the ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA. Suppression of IL-32 expression with siRNA inhibited TM-induced EMT. Further stimulation of the A549 cells with rhIL-32 demonstrated an increase in the expression of GRP78, although this increase was also inhibited by 4-PBA. Conclusions These results suggest that IL-32 induces EMT in A549 cells by triggering ER stress, and IL-32 may be a novel marker for IPF. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12890-020-01319-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 601 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Honglan Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Caihong Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Pengmei Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Changlu Liu
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongbo Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China. .,Department of Respiratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), No.98 Fenghuang Road, Zunyi, 563002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, 601 W. Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Jubinville É, Milad N, Maranda-Robitaille M, Lafrance MA, Pineault M, Lamothe J, Routhier J, Beaulieu MJ, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Critical importance of dietary methionine and choline in the maintenance of lung homeostasis during normal and cigarette smoke exposure conditions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L391-L402. [PMID: 32640840 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00353.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic predispositions and environmental exposures are regarded as the main predictors of respiratory disease development. Although the impact of dietary essential nutrient deficiencies on cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type II diabetes has been widely studied, it remains poorly explored in chronic respiratory diseases. Dietary choline and methionine deficiencies are common in the population, and their impact on pulmonary homeostasis is currently unknown. Mice were fed choline- and/or methionine-deficient diets while being exposed to room-air or cigarette smoke for up to 4 wk. Lung functions were assessed using the FlexiVent. Pulmonary transcriptional activity was assessed using gene expression microarrays and quantitative PCR. Immune cells, cytokines, and phosphatidylcholine were quantified in the bronchoalveolar lavage. In this study, we found that short-term dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies significantly affect lung function in mice in a reversible manner. It also reduced transcriptional levels of collagens and elastin as well as pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholine levels. We also found that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies markedly interfered with the pulmonary response to cigarette smoke exposure, modulating lung function and dampening inflammation. These findings clearly show that dietary choline and/or methionine deficiencies can have dramatic pathophysiological effects on the lungs and can also affect the pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary alterations. Expanding our knowledge in the field of "nutri-respiratory research" may reveal a crucial role for essential nutrients in pulmonary health and disease, which may prove to be as relevant as genetic predispositions and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éric Jubinville
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michaël Maranda-Robitaille
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marc-Alexandre Lafrance
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jennifer Lamothe
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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Zeng QM, Li J. Diet-induced animal models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:835-841. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i13.835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), mainly characterized by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, is a metabolically-stressed liver injury that is closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility. The spectrum of NAFLD includes non-alcoholic simple hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. With changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased significantly, paralleling the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. To date, no specific drugs have been recommended for routine treatment of NASH. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish high-quality animal models that simulate the histopathology and pathophysiology of various stages of human NAFLD for exploring the pathogenesis of NAFLD and guiding drug intervention. Considering that high-calorie dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyle are the main risk factors for NAFLD, this review summarizes diet-induced NAFLD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Min Zeng
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300070, China,Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People's Hospital, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin 300192, China
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Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress involved in manganese‑induced neurotoxicity in rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5169-5176. [PMID: 31059107 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to probe the mechanism of apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in manganese‑induced rats. A total of 60 Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into a Vehicle group, LoMag group, HiMag group, and HiMag + 4‑phenylbutyrate (PBA) group. Manganese content was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma‑Atomic Emission Spectrometry. Pathogenic morphology, the cellular structure of the striatum and ER were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and electron microscopy. The TUNEL method was used to examine neuronal apoptosis in the rat striatum. The expression levels of glucose‑regulated protein 78KD (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase‑12 were analyzed by western blot analysis. The results revealed that striatal manganese concentrations in the LoMag and HiMag groups were higher than that in the Vehicle group (P<0.01). Rat striatal neuronal structure and apoptotic rates in the LoMag and HiMag groups were higher than those in the Vehicle group (P<0.05). 4‑PBA treatment effectively reduced the apoptotic cell number (P<0.05). In addition, ER swelling and vacuolization in the HiMag + PBA group was reduced compared with that in the HiMag group. In addition, the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, JNK and caspase‑12 in the LoMag and HiMag groups were higher than those in the Vehicle group (P<0.05). However, the expression of these four proteins was reduced by 4‑PBA treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, 4‑PBA significantly reduced the damage and apoptosis induced by manganese exposure in rats.
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Izu H, Okuda M, Shibata S, Fujii T, Matsubara K. Anti-diabetic effect of S-adenosylmethionine and α-glycerophosphocholine in KK-A y mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 83:747-750. [PMID: 30582404 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1559721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Six-week-old male KK-Ay mice received drinking water with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), α-glycerophosphocholine (GPC), or SAM+GPC for 10 weeks. The serum glucose of SAM+GPC at 15 weeks old, total cholesterol of GPC at 12 weeks old, and triglyceride of GPC at 15 weeks old and of SAM at 16 weeks old were reduced. SAM+GPC reduced serum leptin and food intake. Abbreviations: SAM: S-adenosylmethionine; GPC: α-glycerophosphocholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanae Izu
- a Safety and Quality Division , National Research Institute of Brewing , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Mayumi Okuda
- b Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Education , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Sachi Shibata
- c Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology , Fukuyama University , Fukuyama , Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- a Safety and Quality Division , National Research Institute of Brewing , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan.,d School of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
| | - Kiminori Matsubara
- b Department of Human Life Science Education, Graduate School of Education , Hiroshima University , Higashi-Hiroshima , Japan
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Li C. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Development of Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease. EXPLORATORY RESEARCH AND HYPOTHESIS IN MEDICINE 2018; 3:33-41. [DOI: 10.14218/erhm.2018.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cordero-Espinoza L, Huch M. The balancing act of the liver: tissue regeneration versus fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:85-96. [PMID: 29293095 DOI: 10.1172/jci93562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell loss alters a tissue's optimal function and awakens evolutionarily adapted healing mechanisms to reestablish homeostasis. Although adult mammalian organs have a limited regeneration potential, the liver stands out as one remarkable exception. Following injury, the liver mounts a dynamic multicellular response wherein stromal cells are activated in situ and/or recruited from the bloodstream, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled, and epithelial cells expand to replenish their lost numbers. Chronic damage makes this response persistent instead of transient, tipping the system into an abnormal steady state known as fibrosis, in which ECM accumulates excessively and tissue function degenerates. Here we explore the cellular and molecular switches that balance hepatic regeneration and fibrosis, with a focus on uncovering avenues of disease modeling and therapeutic intervention.
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Nicholls HT, Hornick JL, Cohen DE. Phosphatidylcholine transfer protein/StarD2 promotes microvesicular steatosis and liver injury in murine experimental steatohepatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 313:G50-G61. [PMID: 28385694 PMCID: PMC5538832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00379.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient (MCD) diet develop steatohepatitis that recapitulates key features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in humans. Phosphatidylcholine is the most abundant phospholipid in the surfactant monolayer that coats and stabilizes lipid droplets within cells, and choline is required for its major biosynthetic pathway. Phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein (PC-TP), which exchanges phosphatidylcholines among membranes, is enriched in hepatocytes. PC-TP also regulates fatty acid metabolism through interactions with thioesterase superfamily member 2. We investigated the contribution of PC-TP to steatohepatitis induced by the MCD diet. Pctp-/- and wild-type control mice were fed the MCD diet for 5 wk and were then euthanized for histopathologic and biochemical analyses, as well as determinations of mRNA and protein expression. Whereas all mice developed steatohepatitis, plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities were only elevated in wild-type mice, indicating that Pctp-/- mice were protected from MCD diet-induced hepatocellular injury. Reduced hepatotoxicity due to the MCD diet in the absence of PC-TP expression was further evidenced by decreased activation of c-Jun and reduced plasma concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21. Despite similar total hepatic concentrations of phosphatidylcholines and other lipids, the relative abundance of microvesicular lipid droplets within hepatocytes was reduced in Pctp-/- mice. Considering that the formation of larger lipid droplets may serve to protect against lipotoxicity in NASH, our findings suggest a pathogenic role for PC-TP that could be targeted in the management of this condition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Phosphatidylcholine-transfer protein (PC-TP) is a highly specific phosphatidylcholine-binding protein that we previously showed to regulate hepatocellular nutrient metabolism through its interacting partner thioesterase superfamily member 2 (Them2). This study identifies a pathogenic role for PC-TP, independent of Them2, in the methionine- and choline-deficient diet model of experimental steatohepatitis. Our current observations suggest that PC-TP promotes liver injury by mediating the intermembrane transfer of phosphatidylcholines, thus stabilizing more pathogenic microvesicular lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley T. Nicholls
- 1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jason L. Hornick
- 2Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David E. Cohen
- 1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Kim TH, Jun HY, Kim KJ, Lee YH, Lee MS, Choi KH, Yun KJ, Jeong YY, Jun CH, Cho EY, Yoon KH. Hepatic Alanine Differentiates Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis From Simple Steatosis in Humans and Mice: A Proton MR Spectroscopy Study With Long Echo Time. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:1298-1310. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hoon Kim
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Young Jun
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jong Kim
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Lee
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Keum Ha Choi
- Department of Pathology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Yeon Jeong
- Department of Radiology; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Hwan Jun
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science Research Center; Wonkwang University; Iksan Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Republic of Korea
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25
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Zhang L, Wang L, Wang R, Pan Y, Gao Y, Fu P. Protective effects of GTM-1 on endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by thapsgargin in rat neurons. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:821-827. [PMID: 27723573 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GTM-1 is a drug that reverses Alzheimer's Disease (AD) development specifically induced by thapsgargin (TG) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has been reported to be a pilot process that leads to AD formation. It is speculated that GTM-1 could also prohibit TG-induced ER stress. In this study, we utilized immuno-fluorescence to identify morphological changes in nucleus and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe neuronal ultra-structures. Moreover, expressions of GRP78, CHOP, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c were assessed using immuno-blotting, while calcium concentration was detected by fluorescence spectrometer. As suggested by the above cellular experiments, neuronal ultrastructures were damaged by the treatment of TG, while this damaging trend was reversed when neurons were simultaneously treated with both TG and GTM-1. Besides that, certain marker proteins of ER stress (e.g. GRP78, CHOP, and cytochrome c) and calcium concentrations in neurons were significantly increased when TG was applied, while these levels were reduced to normal conditions when GTM-1 was added in the treatment. In conclusion, GTM-1 restrained the ongoing of ER stress that was induced by TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Run Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, 85 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yonghua Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Unfolded protein response induced by Brefeldin A increases collagen type I levels in hepatic stellate cells through an IRE1α, p38 MAPK and Smad-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2115-23. [PMID: 27155082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Unfolded protein response (UPR) triggered as a consequence of ER stress has been shown to be involved in the development of different pathologies, including fibrotic disorders. In the present paper we explore the role played by UPR on a key fibrogenic parameter in the liver: collagen type I levels in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). Using Brefeldin A (BFA) as an ER stress inducer we found that UPR correlated with enhanced mRNA and protein levels of collagen type I in a cell line of immortalized non-tumoral rat HSC. Analysis of the three branches of UPR revealed the activation of IRE1α, PERK and ATF6 in response to BFA, although PERK activation was shown not to be involved in the fibrogenic action of BFA. BFA also activated p38 MAPK in an IRE1α-dependent way and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 prevented the increase in collagen type I mRNA and protein levels caused by BFA, suggesting the involvement of this kinase on this effect. Analysis of Smad activation showed that phosphorylated nuclear levels of Smad2 and 3 were increased in response to BFA treatment. Inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation by SIS3 prevented the enhancement of collagen type I levels caused by BFA. Pretreatment with IRE1α and p38 MAPK inhibitors also prevented the increased p-Smad3 accumulation in the nucleus, suggesting an IRE1α-p38 MAPK-Smad pathway to be responsible for the fibrogenic action of BFA on HSC.
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Zhang X, Du G, Xu Y, Li X, Fan W, Chen J, Liu C, Chen G, Liu C, Zern MA, Mu Y, Liu P. Inhibition of notch signaling pathway prevents cholestatic liver fibrosis by decreasing the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells into cholangiocytes. J Transl Med 2016; 96:350-60. [PMID: 26692291 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) are known to contribute to cholestatic liver fibrosis (CLF), how Notch signaling modulates the differentiation of HPCs to cholangiocytes in CLF is unknown. Thus, using a rat model of CLF that is induced by bile duct ligation, we inhibited Notch signaling with DAPT. In vivo, CK19, OV6, Sox9, and EpCAM expression was increased significantly. Notch signaling increased after bile duct ligation, and DAPT treatment reduced the expression of CK19, OV6, Sox9, and EpCAM and blocked cholangiocyte proliferation and CLF. In vitro, treatment of a WB-F344 cell line with sodium butyrate resulted in increased mRNA and protein expression of CK19, Sox9, and EpCAM, but Notch signaling was activated. Both of these processes were inhibited by DAPT. This study reveals that Notch signaling activation is required for HPC differentiation into cholangiocytes in CLF, and inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic approach for treating CLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangli Du
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaofeng Chen
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mark A Zern
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Yongping Mu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Xu Y, Wang J, Pan T, Chen X, Xu X, Jiang D, Yin J. Role of the ER stress in prostaglandin E2/E-prostanoid 2 receptor involved TGF-β1-induced mice mesangial cell injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:43-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Artlett CM, Thacker JD. Molecular activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in fibrosis: common threads linking divergent fibrogenic diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1162-75. [PMID: 25329971 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Over the past 10 years, there has been a plethora of investigations centering on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in fibrosis and other disease pathologies. To date, the signaling pathways from the inflammasome to myofibroblast differentiation and chronic collagen synthesis have not been fully elucidated, and many questions are left to be answered. RECENT ADVANCES Recent studies have demonstrated the significant and critical role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium signaling in the assembly of the inflammasome, and this may result in autocrine signaling maintaining the myofibroblast phenotype, leading to fibrotic disease. CRITICAL ISSUES Traditionally, myofibroblasts under tight regulation aid in wound healing and then, once the wound has closed, undergo apoptosis and the collagen in the wound remodels. During fibrosis, however, the myofibroblast maintains an activated state via a chronically activated inflammasome, leading to the continual synthesis of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins that result in damage to the tissue or organ. The mechanism that is driving this abnormality has not been fully elucidated. FUTURE DIRECTIONS However, studies have been conducted to suggest that modulating the calcium or the ROS axis may be of therapeutic value in regulating inflammasome activation. A number of novel drugs are currently being developed that may prove beneficial to patients suffering from fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhang N, Lu Y, Shen X, Bao Y, Cheng J, Chen L, Li B, Zhang Q. Fenofibrate treatment attenuated chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in the liver of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mice. Pharmacology 2015; 95:173-80. [PMID: 25896720 DOI: 10.1159/000380952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate is widely used in clinical practice, but its influence on chronic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by feeding a high-calorie and high-cholesterol diet (HCD) has still not been studied. We thus investigated its effects on the liver of the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice fed an HCD for 3 months were treated with fenofibrate (HCD + FF, 40 mg/kg, once daily) via gavage for 4 weeks. Insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and inflammatory cytokines were measured. Liver tissues were procured for histological examination as well as analysis of hepatic triglyceride levels, distribution of inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in ER stress. Our results showed that chronic feeding of an HCD successfully induced an NAFLD model accompanied by inflammatory activation, apoptosis and severe ER stress in the liver. Fenofibrate administration significantly improved symptoms of NAFLD and decreased apoptosis, expression of inflammatory cytokines and genes involved in ER stress, such as inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and JNK phosphorylation. Thus, our study suggests that fenofibrate protected against inflammatory injury and apoptosis, maybe alleviating ER stress through the IRE1α-XBP1-JNK pathway in the liver of NAFLD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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31
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Arumugam S, Sreedhar R, Thandavarayan RA, Giridharan VV, Karuppagounder V, Pitchaimani V, Afrin MR, Miyashita S, Nomoto M, Harima M, Suzuki H, Nakamura T, Nakamura M, Suzuki K, Watanabe K. Telmisartan treatment targets inflammatory cytokines to suppress the pathogenesis of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. Cytokine 2015; 74:305-12. [PMID: 25873126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) is essential for the regulation of cardiovascular and renal functions to maintain the fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated a locally expressed RAS in various tissues of mammals, which is having pathophysiological roles in those organ system. Interestingly, local RAS has important role during the inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis. Further to delineate its role and also to identify the potential effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, we have used a mouse model of acute colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium. We have used 0.01 and 5mg/kg body weight doses of telmisartan and administered as enema to facilitate the on-site action and to reduce the systemic adverse effects. Telmisartan high dose treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index score when compared with the colitis control mice. In addition, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers expression were also significantly reduced when compared with the colitis control mice. Subsequent experiments were carried out to investigate some of the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory effects and identified that the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 as well as cellular DNA damage were significantly suppressed when compared with the colitis control mice. Similarly the apoptosis marker proteins such as cleaved caspase 3 and 7 levels were down-regulated and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2 level was significantly upregulated by telmisartan treatment. These results indicate that blockade of RAS by telmisartan can be an effective therapeutic option against acute colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Arumugam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Remya Sreedhar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Rajarajan A Thandavarayan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- J.K.K. Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Natarajapuram, Komarapalayam, Namakkal 638183, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vigneshwaran Pitchaimani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Mst Rejina Afrin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Shizuka Miyashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Mayumi Nomoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Meilei Harima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan
| | - Masahiko Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Yamanashi Prefectural Central Hospital, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Niigata University of Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951 8510, Japan
| | - Kenichi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Niigata 956 8603, Japan.
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Sharkey LM, Davies SE, Kaser A, Woodward JM. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Implicated in Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 40:431-6. [PMID: 25666021 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115571014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) is the most serious consequence of long-term parenteral nutrition for intestinal failure. Little is known about the pathogenesis of IFALD, although many of the risk factors are also linked to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). We propose that ERS may have a role in the development of IFALD. METHODS Archived liver tissue from patients with early and late IFALD, as well as from normal controls, was used for RNA extraction and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate the presence of ERS markers. RESULTS Mean relative RNA levels of glucose regulatory protein 78 in normal liver (n = 3), early IFALD (n = 15), and late IFALD (n = 5) were 0.5, 37.86, and 212.11, respectively. Mean relative expression of ERDj4 (ER DnaJ homologue 4, a downstream ERS effector) in normal liver, early IFALD, and late IFALD was 5.51, 216.68, and 213.22, respectively. The degree of splicing of X-box binding protein 1 in IFALD compared with normal liver was significantly higher (mean, 0.0779 normal, 0.102 early IFALD, 0.2063 late IFALD). CONCLUSIONS This is the first description of ERS in IFALD. This information may open up new therapeutic possibilities in the form of chemical chaperones known to ameliorate ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Sharkey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Davies
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeremy M Woodward
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Atanelishvili I, Liang J, Akter T, Spyropoulos DD, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. Thrombin increases lung fibroblast survival while promoting alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:893-902. [PMID: 24279877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0317oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and survival of lung fibroblasts are critical events in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis; however, mechanisms underlying the apoptosis of AECs and the resistance of lung fibroblasts to apoptosis remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the fate of these two cell types depends on the expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP). We observed that thrombin, which is overexpressed in scleroderma (SSc; systemic sclerosis) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), increases the expression of CHOP in primary AECs and in A549 cells via an Ets1-dependent pathway. In addition, thrombin activates caspase-3 in AECs and induces apoptosis of these cells in a CHOP-dependent manner. In contrast, thrombin decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CHOP in lung fibroblasts through Myc-dependent mechanisms and protects such cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, when lung fibroblasts are transfected with recombinant CHOP, they then undergo apoptosis, even in the presence of thrombin, suggesting that CHOP signaling pathways are downstream of thrombin. In accordance with the differential effects of thrombin on AECs and lung fibroblasts, we observed strong expression of CHOP in AECs in fibrotic lung tissue isolated from patients with SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), but not in lung myofibroblasts nor in normal lung tissue. Expression of CHOP in SSc lung is accompanied by positive staining for the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, and for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, suggesting roles for both thrombin and CHOP in AEC apoptosis in SSc-ILD. We conclude that regulation of CHOP by thrombin directs AECs toward apoptosis while promoting survival of lung fibroblasts, ultimately contributing to the persistent fibroproliferation seen in SSc-ILD and other fibrosing lung diseases.
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Moon SY, Kim HS, Nho KW, Jang YJ, Lee SK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through autophagy via activation of c-Src kinase. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 126:127-40. [PMID: 24863135 DOI: 10.1159/000362457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been implicated in inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). ER stress is also known to induce autophagy. However, it is unclear whether ER stress-induced autophagy contributes to EMT. We hypothesized that ER stress might induce EMT through autophagy via activation of c-Src kinase in tubular epithelial cells. METHOD All experiments were performed using HK-2 cells. Protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence and small interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments were performed. RESULTS Chemical ER stress inducers such as tunicamycin (TM, 0.2 μM) and thapsigargin (TG, 0.2 μM) induced EMT, as shown by upregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and downregulation of E-cadherin. ER stress inhibitors such as 4-PBA and salubrinal suppressed both TM- and TG-induced EMT. TM and TG also induced autophagy, as evidenced by upregulation of LC3-II and beclin-1, which were abolished by pretreatment with ER stress inhibitors. Transfection with siRNA targeting ER stress protein (IRE-1) blocked the TM- or TG-induced EMT and autophagy. Autophagy inhibitors such as 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin inhibited the TM- or TG-induced EMT. Transfection with siRNA targeting autophagy protein (beclin-1) also blocked the TM- or TG-induced EMT. Both TM and TG induced activation of c-Src kinase. Inhibitor of c-Src kinase (PP2) suppressed the TM- or TG-induced autophagy and EMT. CONCLUSION ER stress by TM or TG induced EMT through autophagy via activation of c-Src kinase in tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
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Wu T, Zhao F, Gao B, Tan C, Yagishita N, Nakajima T, Wong PK, Chapman E, Fang D, Zhang DD. Hrd1 suppresses Nrf2-mediated cellular protection during liver cirrhosis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:708-22. [PMID: 24636985 PMCID: PMC4015486 DOI: 10.1101/gad.238246.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the salient features of end-stage liver diseases. Using liver tissues from liver cirrhosis patients, we observed up-regulation of the XBP1-Hrd1 arm of the ER stress response pathway and down-regulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response pathway. We further confirmed this negative regulation of Nrf2 by Hrd1 using Hrd1 conditional knockout mice. Down-regulation of Nrf2 was a surprising result, since the high levels of ROS should have inactivated Keap1, the primary ubiquitin ligase regulating Nrf2 levels. Here, we identified Hrd1 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for compromised Nrf2 response during liver cirrhosis. In cirrhotic livers, activation of the XBP1-Hrd1 arm of ER stress transcriptionally up-regulated Hrd1, resulting in enhanced Nrf2 ubiquitylation and degradation and attenuation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Our study reveals not only the convergence of ER and oxidative stress response pathways but also the pathological importance of this cross-talk in liver cirrhosis. Finally, we showed the therapeutic importance of targeting Hrd1, rather than Keap1, to prevent Nrf2 loss and suppress liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongde Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA:
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Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver. J Transl Med 2014; 94:192-207. [PMID: 24296877 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (CYGB) is ubiquitously expressed in the cytoplasm of fibroblastic cells in many organs, including hepatic stellate cells. As yet, there is no specific marker with which to distinguish stellate cells from myofibroblasts in the human liver. To investigate whether CYGB can be utilized to distinguish hepatic stellate cells from myofibroblasts in normal and fibrotic human liver, human liver tissues damaged by infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and at different stages of fibrosis were obtained by liver biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on histological sections of liver tissues using antibodies against CYGB, cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy-1), and fibulin-2 (FBLN2). CYGB- and CRBP-1-positive cells were counted around fibrotic portal tracts in histological sections of the samples. The expression of several of the proteins listed above was examined in cultured mouse stellate cells. Quiescent stellate cells, but not portal myofibroblasts, expressed both CYGB and CRBP-1 in normal livers. In fibrotic and cirrhotic livers, stellate cells expressed both CYGB and α-SMA, whereas myofibroblasts around the portal vein expressed α-SMA, Thy-1, and FBLN2, but not CYGB. Development of the fibrotic stage was positively correlated with increases in Sirius red-stained, α-SMA-positive, and Thy-1-positive areas, whereas the number of CYGB- and CRBP-1-positive cells decreased with fibrosis development. Primary cultured mouse stellate cells expressed cytoplasmic CYGB at day 1, whereas they began to express α-SMA at the cellular margins at day 4. Thy-1 was undetectable throughout the culture period. In human liver tissues, quiescent stellate cells are CYGB positive. When activated, they also become α-SMA positive; however, they are negative for Thy-1 and FBLN2. Thus, CYGB is a useful marker with which to distinguish stellate cells from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver.
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Abstract
Apoptosis is a prominent feature of liver diseases. Causative factors such as alcohol, viruses, toxic bile acids, fatty acids, drugs, and immune response, can induce apoptotic cell death via membrane receptors and intracellular stress. Apoptotic signaling network, including membrane death receptor-mediated cascade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosomal permeabilization, and mitochondrial dysfunction, is intermixed each other, but one mechanism may dominate at a particular stage. Mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis are complicated by multiple signaling pathways. The progression of liver disease is affected by the balance between apoptotic and antiapoptotic capabilities. Therapeutic options of liver injury are impacted by the clear understanding toward mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis.
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Molecular mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e996. [PMID: 24434519 PMCID: PMC4040708 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a prominent feature of liver diseases. Causative factors such as alcohol, viruses, toxic bile acids, fatty acids, drugs, and immune response, can induce apoptotic cell death via membrane receptors and intracellular stress. Apoptotic signaling network, including membrane death receptor-mediated cascade, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, lysosomal permeabilization, and mitochondrial dysfunction, is intermixed each other, but one mechanism may dominate at a particular stage. Mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis are complicated by multiple signaling pathways. The progression of liver disease is affected by the balance between apoptotic and antiapoptotic capabilities. Therapeutic options of liver injury are impacted by the clear understanding toward mechanisms of hepatic apoptosis.
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Morphological and functional characterization of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by a methionine-choline-deficient diet in C57BL/6 mice. DISEASE MARKERS 2013; 35:213-9. [PMID: 24167369 PMCID: PMC3776369 DOI: 10.1155/2013/527548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background. The receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a human tumor-associated antigen that has been considered to play a crucial role in tumor progression by enabling cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the RCAS1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Material and Methods. RCAS1 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on 54 gastric adenocarcinoma tissue samples and was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, and patients' survival. Results. Enhanced RCAS1 expression levels were significantly associated with advanced histopathological stage and presence of organ metastasis (P = 0.0084 and P = 0.0327). Gastric cancer patients with elevated RCAS1 expression levels showed significantly shorter survival times compared to those with low RCAS1 expression (log-rank test, P = 0.0168). In multivariate analysis, histopathological stage and grade of differentiation as well as the RCAS1 expression were identified as independent prognostic factors (Cox regression analysis, P = 0.0204, P = 0.0035, and P = 0.0081). Conclusions. Our data support the evidence that RCAS1 upregulation may contribute to gastric malignant progression, representing a useful biomarker to predict the biological behaviour and prognosis in gastric neoplasia.
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Hsu HC, Dozen M, Matsuno N, Obara H, Tanaka R, Enosawa S. Experimental Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by Neonatal Streptozotocin Injection and a High-Fat Diet in Rats. CELL MEDICINE 2013; 6:57-62. [PMID: 26858881 DOI: 10.3727/215517913x674252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become a major concern in clinical hepatology. To elucidate the disease mechanisms and to develop a treatment, the advent of an appropriate experimental model is crucial. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet from gestational day 16. Two days after birth, the neonates were injected subcutaneously with streptozotocin (STZ) (180, 200, or 256 mg/kg). The mothers were fed a high-fat diet during the nursing period. After being weaned (4 weeks of age), the juvenile rats were fed the same high-fat diet. The survival rates at the time of weaning were 25.6% (180 mg/kg STZ), 22.8% (200 mg/kg STZ), and 19.4% (256 mg/kg STZ). The mean body weight of NASH rats was approximately 20% less than that of normal rats. Serum levels of glucose, alanine aminotransferase, and hyaluronic acid increased in NASH rats. Histologically, typical features of steatohepatitis such as ballooning, inflammatory cell infiltration, and perivenular and pericellular fibrosis were observed. In an indocyanine green loading test, the blood half-life was significantly longer in NASH rats (5.04 ± 2.14 vs. 2.72 ± 0.72 min; p < 0.05), which was suggestive of an impaired hepatobiliary transportation function. Concomitantly, biliary ICG concentrations in NASH rats stabilized in a delayed fashion compared with normal rats. In addition, the amount of bile excreted in NASH rats was significantly lower than that in normal rats (4.32 ± 0.83 vs. 7.66 ± 1.05 mg/min; p < 0.01). The rat NASH model presented here mimics the clinical features of the disease and will be a helpful tool for medical and bioscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Che Hsu
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; †Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Dozen
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Obara
- ‡ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- † Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- Clinical Research Center, National Center for Child Health and Development , Tokyo , Japan
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Cabrera S, Selman M, Lonzano-Bolaños A, Konishi K, Richards TJ, Kaminski N, Pardo A. Gene expression profiles reveal molecular mechanisms involved in the progression and resolution of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L593-601. [PMID: 23457188 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is the final result of a large number of disorders and is usually considered an irreversible process. However, some evidence suggests that fibrosis could eventually be reversible. In this study we aimed to document the time-related reversibility of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and to examine the gene expression profile associated with its initial progression and subsequent resolution. C57BL/6 mice were instilled with a single dose of bleomycin and euthanized at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk. Control animals received an equal volume of saline. Lung fibrosis was examined by morphology and hydroxyproline content and the transcriptional signature by gene microarray analysis. Our results showed that bleomycin-injured mice developed prominent inflammation at 1 wk, followed by fibrosis that peaked at 2 mo. Then fibrosis resolved until lungs displayed almost normal architecture at 4 mo. Genomewide transcriptional profiling revealed 533 significantly changed genes. Self-organizing maps analysis of these genes identified four clusters based on the temporal pattern of gene expression. Clusters 1 and 2 contained genes upregulated during the inflammatory and fibrotic response and were enriched for extracellular matrix-related genes including several collagens, matrix metalloproteinases, and TIMP-1. Cluster 3 identified upregulated genes during the fibrotic response, and cluster 4 contained genes decreased during inflammation and fibrosis that increased during resolution. Most enriched pathways included genes involved in cell cycle and in regulation of transcription. Our findings corroborate the reversibility of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and reveal transcriptional signatures that characterize the progression and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
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Takeuchi-Yorimoto A, Noto T, Yamada A, Miyamae Y, Oishi Y, Matsumoto M. Persistent fibrosis in the liver of choline-deficient and iron-supplemented L-amino acid-defined diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rat due to continuing oxidative stress after choline supplementation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 268:264-77. [PMID: 23481610 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by combined pathology of steatosis, lobular inflammation, fibrosis, and hepatocellular degeneration, with systemic symptoms of diabetes or hyperlipidemia, all in the absence of alcohol abuse. Given the therapeutic importance and conflicting findings regarding the potential for healing the histopathologic features of NASH in humans, particularly fibrosis, we investigated the reversibility of NASH-related findings in Wistar rats fed a choline-deficient and iron-supplemented l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 12weeks, with a recovery period of 7weeks, during which the diets were switched to a choline-sufficient and iron-supplemented l-amino acid-defined (CSAA) one. Analysis showed that steatosis and inflammation were significantly resolved by the end of the recovery period, along with decreases in AST and ALT activities within 4weeks. In contrast, fibrosis remained even after the recovery period, to an extent similar to that in continuously CDAA-fed animals. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemical investigations revealed that expression of some factors indicating oxidative stress (CYP2E1, 4-HNE, and iNOS) were elevated, whereas catalase and SOD1 were decreased, and a hypoxic state and CD34-positive neovascularization were evident even after the recovery period, although the fibrogenesis pathway by activated α-SMA-positive hepatic stellate cells via TGF-β and TIMPs decreased to the CSAA group level. In conclusion, persistent fibrosis was noted after the recovery period of 7weeks, possibly due to sustained hypoxia and oxidative stress supposedly caused by capillarization. Otherwise, histopathological features of steatosis and inflammation, as well as serum AST and ALT activities, were recovered.
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Tanjore H, Lawson WE, Blackwell TS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a pro-fibrotic stimulus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2012. [PMID: 23201247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests a prominent role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in fibrotic conditions affecting a number of internal organs, including the lungs, liver, GI tract, kidney, and heart. ER stress enhances the susceptibility of structural cells, in most cases the epithelium, to pro-fibrotic stimuli. Studies suggest that ER stress facilitates fibrotic remodeling through activation of pro-apoptotic pathways, induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and promotion of inflammatory responses. While genetic mutations that lead to ER stress underlie some cases of fibrosis, including lung fibrosis secondary to mutations in surfactant protein C (SFTPC), a variety of other factors can cause ER stress. These ER stress inducing factors include metabolic abnormalities, oxidative stress, viruses, and environmental exposures. Interestingly, the ability of the ER to maintain homeostasis under stress diminishes with age, potentially contributing to the fact that fibrotic disorders increase in incidence with aging. Taken together, underlying ER stress and UPR pathways are emerging as important determinants of fibrotic remodeling in different forms of tissue fibrosis. Further work is needed to better define the mechanisms by which ER stress facilitates progressive tissue fibrosis. In addition, it remains to be seen whether targeting ER stress and the UPR could have therapeutic benefit. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Fibrosis: Translation of basic research to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Iizuka M, Ogawa T, Enomoto M, Motoyama H, Yoshizato K, Ikeda K, Kawada N. Induction of microRNA-214-5p in human and rodent liver fibrosis. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:12. [PMID: 22849305 PMCID: PMC3488464 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a wide range of biological contexts, including a variety of diseases. The present study clarified the role of miR-214-5p in hepatic fibrogenesis using human clinical tissue samples, livers from rodent models, and cultured hepatic stellate cells. Methods The expression of miR-214-5p and genes that are involved in liver fibrosis were analyzed in hepatitis C virus-infected human livers, rodent fibrotic livers, a human stellate cell line (LX-2), and the cells from intact mouse livers using real-time PCR. The effect of miR-214-5p overexpression in LX-2 cells on cell function was investigated. Twist-1 expression in the liver tissues of mouse models and primary-cultured stellate cells was also analyzed. Results miR-214-5p was upregulated in human and mouse livers in a fibrosis progression–dependent manner. miR-214-5p expression increased during the culture-dependent activation of mouse primary stellate cells and was significantly higher in stellate cells than in hepatocytes. The overexpression of miR-214-5p in LX-2 cells increased the expression of fibrosis-related genes, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. TGF-β stimulation induced miR-214-5p in LX-2 cells. Twist-1 was increased in fibrotic mouse livers and induced during mouse stellate cell activation. Conclusion miR-214-5p may play crucial roles in the activation of stellate cells and the progression of liver fibrosis. Twist-1 may regulate miR-214-5p expression in the liver, particularly in stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Iizuka
- Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
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Bruha R, Dvorak K, Petrtyl J. Alcoholic liver disease. World J Hepatol 2012; 4:81-90. [PMID: 22489260 PMCID: PMC3321494 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v4.i3.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders affect millions of individuals worldwide. Alcohol consumption is directly associated with liver disease mortality and accounts for elevated social and economic costs. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) may take the form of acute involvement (alcoholic hepatitis) or chronic liver disease (steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis). The severity and prognosis of alcohol-induced liver disease depends on the amount, pattern and duration of alcohol consumption, as well as on the presence of liver inflammation, diet, nutritional status and genetic predisposition of an individual. While steatosis is an almost completely benign disease, liver cirrhosis is associated with marked morbidity, mortality and life expectancy shortening. The median survival of patients with advanced cirrhosis is 1-2 years. Severe acute alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is associated with mortality as high as 50%. It has been managed with corticoids, pentoxifylline and enteral nutrition, although evidence based data are still conflicting. Some author suggest that pentoxifylline could be a better first-line treatment in patients with severe AH. Absolute abstinence is a basic condition for any treatment of acute or chronic ALD, the other therapeutical procedure being of a supportive nature and questionable significance. Acamprosate appears to be an effective treatment strategy for supporting continuous abstinence in alcohol dependent patients. Patients with advanced liver cirrhosis who demonstrably abstain can be considered for liver transplantation, which leads to a markedly prolonged life expectancy. The crucial step in ALD prevention is in the prevention of alcohol abuse, whereas the prevention of liver injury in active alcohol abusers is not clinically applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radan Bruha
- Radan Bruha, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, General Teaching Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12808 Prague, Czech Republic
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Park HS, Jeon BH, Woo SH, Leem J, Jang JE, Cho MS, Park IS, Lee KU, Koh EH. Time-dependent changes in lipid metabolism in mice with methionine choline deficiency-induced fatty liver disease. Mol Cells 2011; 32:571-7. [PMID: 22083307 PMCID: PMC3887687 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine and choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced fatty liver is one of the best-studied animal models of fatty liver disease. The present study was performed to clarify the relative contributions of individual lipid metabolic pathways to the pathogenesis of MCD-induced fatty liver. Hepatic lipogenesis mediated by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP-1c) was increased at 1 week, but not at 6 weeks, of MCD feeding. On the other hand, (14)C-palmitate oxidation did not change at 1 week, but significantly decreased at 6 weeks. This decrease was associated with increased expression of fatty acid translocase, a key enzyme involved in fatty acid uptake. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers was increased in mice given MCD for both 1 and 6 weeks. These findings suggest the presence of time-dependent differences in lipid metabolism in MCD-induced fatty liver disease: SREBP-1c-mediated lipogenesis is important in the early stages of fatty liver disease, whereas increased fatty acid uptake and decreased fatty acid oxidation become more important in the later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Sol Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Byeong Hwan Jeon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sung Hoon Woo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Min Sock Cho
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 401-103, Korea
| | - In-Sun Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 401-103, Korea
| | - Ki-Up Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Eun Hee Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Chiang CK, Hsu SP, Wu CT, Huang JW, Cheng HT, Chang YW, Hung KY, Wu KD, Liu SH. Endoplasmic reticulum stress implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Mol Med 2011; 17:1295-305. [PMID: 21863214 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated apoptosis plays a role in organ remodeling after insult. The effect of ER stress on renal tubular damage and fibrosis remains controversial. This study aims to investigate whether ER stress is involved in tubular destruction and interstitial fibrosis in vivo. Renal cell apoptosis was proven by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) stain and poly-ADP ribose polymerase expression in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidney. ER stress was evoked and confirmed by the upregulation of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and the common Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) motif of ER retention proteins after UUO. ER stress-associated proapoptotic signals, including B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 2-associated × protein (BAX) expression, caspase-12 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, were activated in the UUO kidney. Prolonged ER stress attenuated both unsplicing and splicing X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) protein expression, but continued to activate inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α)-JNK phosphorylation, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α subunit (eIF2α), activating transcription factor (ATF)-4, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and cleavage activating transcription factor 6 (cATF6)-CHOP signals, which induce ER stress-related apoptosis but attenuate adaptive unfolded protein responses in UUO kidneys. However, renal apoptosis and fibrosis were attenuated in candesartan-treated UUO kidney. Candesartan was associated with maintenance of XBP-1 expression and attenuated ATF4, cATF6 and CHOP protein expression. Taken together, results show that overwhelming ER stress leads to renal cell apoptosis and subsequent fibrosis; and candesartan, at least in part, restores renal integrity by blocking ER stress-related apoptosis. Reducing ER stress may present a way to attenuate renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kang Chiang
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Flamment M, Kammoun HL, Hainault I, Ferré P, Foufelle F. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a new actor in the development of hepatic steatosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2010; 21:239-46. [PMID: 20463471 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283395e5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To examine the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism and its contribution to the development of hepatic steatosis. RECENT FINDINGS Endoplasmic reticulum stress activation has been reported in most models of hepatic steatosis in rodents and humans and its contribution to hepatic fat deposition has been recently documented. The main metabolic pathway affected by endoplasmic reticulum stress is lipogenesis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates the proteolytic cleavage of the lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c leading to the induction of lipogenic enzyme expression. A role for X box-binding protein 1, an endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated transcription factor, has also recently emerged. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, by inhibiting apoB100 secretion, has associated with impaired VLDL secretion. In rodents, treatments with molecular or chemical chaperones that reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress markers have fully demonstrated their efficiency in the treatment of hepatic steatosis. SUMMARY Manipulating endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway yields encouraging results for the treatment of hepatic steatosis in rodents. However, activation of unfolded protein response is a physiological mechanism, which is particularly important for secretory cells such as hepatocytes and the long-term consequences of such treatments should be cautiously evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Flamment
- INSERM UMR-S 872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers and Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Paris, France
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